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Kromek Group plc

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FY2017 Annual Report · Kromek Group plc
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Kromek Group plc
Annual report and accounts 
for the year ended 30 April 2017

Advancing CZT manufacture to target 
significant growth opportunities in SPECT, BMD 
and networked nuclear detection applications

$100m+ market

SPECT

SPECT Nuclear Medicine diagnostic imaging 
where the patient is injected with a 
radiopharmaceutical. The pharmaceutical 
then congregates at tumour sites

Contents 

1    Financial and Operational 

Highlights

2    Chairman’s Statement

4    Chief Executive Officer’s 

Review

6    Chief Financial Officer’s 

Review

16  Directors’ Biographies

Bone Mineral Densitometry

20  Review of Principal Risks

$20m+ market

18  Directors’ Report

BMD - a low-dose x-ray diagnostic imaging 
technique used to identify weakened bones 
(osteoporosis) and measure the distribution 
of fat and lean tissue in the body  

$1bn+ market

Nuclear Safeguard 
Nuclear safeguard - D3S: a portable 
combined gamma neutron detector which is 
networked via mobile phone linked to a 
central server. Warning system against threat 
of nuclear terrorism

22  Corporate Governance Report

24  Directors’ Remuneration 

Report

28  Independent Auditor’s Report

29  Consolidated income 

statement 

30  Consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income

31  Consolidated statement of 

financial position

32  Consolidated statement of 

changes in equity

33  Consolidated statement of 

cash flows

34  Notes to the consolidated 

financial statements

61  Company financial statements

Our vision

“

       To be the world-leading provider of 

multispectral radiation detection products 

and technologies enabling our customers 

and users to take more timely decisions 

based on superior information

”

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Financial and Operational Highlights

Financial Highlights

n   Revenue increased 7.5% to £9.0m (2015/16: £8.3m)

n Product sales accounted for 74% of total revenues (2015/16: 65%), a growth year-on-year of 23%

n Gross margin was 57% (2015/16: 53%)

n Administration costs (including operating expenses) were £8.7m (2015/16: £8.3m)

n EBITDA* was £1.5m loss (2015/16: £2.4m loss), following further investment of £3.5m (2015/16: £3.2m) of 

research costs expensed in preparation for the expected demand regarding D3S and SPECT  

n Loss before tax for the year was £3.8m (2015/16: £4.1m loss)

n Total proceeds of £21m (£20m net of expenses) were raised as part of a Placing and Open Offer in February 2017, 

which saw a further 105,129,536 ordinary shares issued

n Cash and cash equivalents at 30 April 2017 were £20.3m (30 April 2016: £3.9m)

*EBITDA defined as earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation, amortisation and share-based payments.

Revenue

£9.0m 
+7.5%

£8.3m

7
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

EBITDA

£(1.5)m
+8%

£(2.4)m

Cash

Product % of sales

£20.3m

£3.9m

74% 
+23%

65%

Operational Highlights

Medical imaging

Nuclear detection

Security screening

n Commenced delivery on $12.6m 

five-year OEM contract to 
develop and supply detectors for 
BMD diagnostics systems
n Awarded repeat contracts by 
three current BMD customers 
worth $1.2m in total 

n Won contract worth minimum 
of $560,000 for the supply of 
radiation detectors with an 
existing customer 

n Continued to make progress on 
the development of CZT-based 
SPECT modules for customer in 
China

n Delivered 10,000 D3S units 
in support of DARPA SIGMA 
programme 

n D3S detectors field-tested in 
Washington DC and currently 
deployed by New Jersey Port 
Authority 

n Awarded $1.6m two-year 
agreement from DTRA to 
develop a ruggedised high 
performance isotope radiation 
detector for military use

n Won and delivered a $430,000 
contract to supply nuclear 
radiation detection products to 
the UK Ministry of Defence

R&D

Six new patents were filed and 11 granted during the period.

n Secured five-year agreement, 

worth a minimum of $3.1m, from 
an existing US-based customer

n Awarded 12-month contract, 
valued at $990,000, together 
with a ten-year exclusivity 
agreement, by an existing US-
based customer to develop and 
supply upgraded detectors

n Awarded and delivered a 

contract for the Group’s bottle 
scanners from an Asian airport 
group  

1

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Chairman’s Statement

“Our goals for this year were to 
focus on the sectors where we 
enjoy strong and growing market 
share, especially in nuclear 
detection and SPECT”  

Sir Peter Williams CBE
Chairman
27 June 2017

“We anticipate that the coming 
year will see material growth 
in revenues, given that 74% 
of projected sales are already 
covered by firm bookings”

2

I am pleased to present our Annual Report for the year ended 30 
April 2017, my first complete financial year as your chairman. I 
joined in 2015 at an exciting juncture and the past twelve months 
have,  indeed,  seen  Kromek  beginning  to  fulfil  its  potential.  We 
are  at  the  leading-edge  in  developing  commercially  viable 
radiation  detection  solutions  and  this  has,  in  turn,  enabled  our 
customers to successfully launch their new generation of clearly 
differentiated products in a wide range of markets. 

Our goals for this year were to focus on the sectors where we 
enjoy  strong  and  growing  market  share,  especially  in  nuclear 
detection  and  SPECT,  and  I’m  proud  to  say  we  achieved  this. 
This success has been built on Kromek’s technological leadership 
derived  from  our  long-term  development  programmes  and 
mastery of CZT materials production. On page 4, Arnab Basu, 
our Chief Executive Officer, provides details of these operational 
achievements for the year. 

Securing the Financial Future
In  a  further  development  of  central  importance,  Kromek  raised 
£19.8m (net) through a Placing and Open Offer in February 2017. 
The funds raised strengthened our balance sheet, underpinning 
our plans for the sustained growth of the business and supporting 
increasing  commercial  activity  through  the  deployment  of  our 
proprietary  technology.  This  placing  enhances  Kromek’s  ability 
to  secure  significant  future  orders  from  major  companies  and 
government  agencies  who  seek  a  level  of  assurance  that  the 
Group  has  the  financial  strength  and  stability  to  supply  their 
needs over the longer term. We were delighted with the support 
shown by our current shareholders and it was also pleasing to 
add new blue-chip institutions to our register. 

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

employees and partners
As we look to the future, I would also like to express gratitude 
to those who have enabled us to reach this point. In particular, 
on behalf of the Board, I would like to thank all of our staff and 
shareholders  for  their  ongoing  support.  Kromek  now  has  the 
market opportunities, the products and technology, and a sound 
commercial position. With the strengthening of Kromek’s financial 
foundations  and  the  long-term  growth  drivers  showing  no  sign 
of abating, we look forward to delivering significant shareholder 
value in the years to come. 

“Our success has been built on 
the technological leadership 
derived from our long term 
development programmes and 
the mastery of CZT materials 
production”

3

Visibility of revenues
Over the past four years, dealing with government agencies and 
major OEMs has inevitably made it difficult to predict the timing 
and  magnitude  of  contracts  with  sufficient  precision.  However, 
in the last 24 months, the award of long-term contracts totalling 
$40m has given us both greater visibility going forward and the 
confidence  that  our  analysis  of  our  markets  is  realistic.  On  this 
basis, we anticipate that in the coming year we will see material 
growth in revenues.

opportunities remain Significant
The most significant achievement in the year was the completion 
of  the  sole  source  contract  with  the  US  Defense  Advanced 
Research  Projects  Agency  (“DARPA”)  to  supply  spectroscopic 
personal  radiation  detectors  (D3S)  in  support  of  their  SIGMA 
programme. Our detectors have been field-tested in Washington 
DC  and  other  major  areas  in  the  US  and  were  also  used  by 
European  authorities  to  protect  the  President  of  the  United 
States  during  his  recent  visit  to  Brussels.  We  believe  that  the 
D3S deployment for the DARPA contract continues to represent 
a significant radiation detection opportunity for Kromek and we 
expect  to  expand  our  work  within  the  US  and  elsewhere.  The 
threat of “dirty” nuclear bomb placement remains regrettably real 
and government agencies around the world are looking for the 
means to guard against it.

Also,  within  the  diagnostic  imaging  sector  in  medicine,  SPECT 
(used primarily for cancer detection) and other modalities remain 
important  markets  to  us.  We  commenced  delivery  of  systems 
under  a  $12.6m  contract  with  a  current  OEM  customer,  a 
worldwide producer and exporter of bone mineral densitometry 
the  detection  of 
(“BMD”)  diagnostics  systems  used 
osteoporosis. This is for the development and supply of detectors 
to be incorporated into the customer’s new generation systems. 
The contract further validates the benefits of our BMD technology 
and represents the continued healthy conversion of our enquiry 
pipeline into orders. In these key areas, our addressable market 
opportunity  remains  substantial,  standing  at  over  $20m  and 
$100m p.a. in BMD and SPECT respectively.

for 

Of  perhaps  even  greater  significance,  in  the  area  of  portable 
advanced radiation detectors for nuclear safeguarding, we believe 
our market opportunity could be worth more than a billion dollars. 
We  have  achieved  significant  milestones  in  commercialising  all 
these opportunities this year and remain confident of furthering 
our  strategy  of  becoming  the  preferred  component  supplier  to 
major OEMs through existing and new relationships.

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Business Review and Strategic Report

Chief Executive Officer’s Review

“Kromek has a stronger order 
book, good revenue visibility and 
is better positioned to capture 
the opportunities that exist 
across all its target markets”

Dr Arnab Basu MBE
Chief Executive Officer 
27 June 2017

overview
It has been another year of good progress for Kromek as the 
Group won several high value contracts across all its target 
markets. This has strengthened the Group’s market position as 
a key supplier of CZT detection systems to both commercial 
and government customers globally. Kromek has a stronger 
order book, good revenue visibility and is better positioned to 
capture the opportunities that exist across all its target markets.  

Kromek continued to execute on the large-scale contracts 
that have been secured over the last 24-months. The size 
and scope of these agreements is illustrative of the ramp-
up in Kromek’s commercial activities. The larger contracts, 
alongside an increasing number of customers moving from 
R&D programmes to full commercialisation, has produced a 
continued shift in the Group’s sales mix from R&D to product 
sales, which were 74% of total revenue (2015/16: 65%).

medical Imaging 
Kromek made good progress in Medical Imaging – securing 
new contracts and delivering on current agreements. 

In the BMD market, Kromek continued to serve its OEM 
customers, including the commencement of delivery of the 
$12.6m contract signed in H2 2015/16. In this market, the 
Group also received repeat contracts worth $1.2m from existing 
customers. It is worth noting that the size of the contracts were 
almost double the previous contracts from these customers.

In addition, Kromek entered into an agreement for the supply of 
CZT-based gamma radiation detectors with an existing medical 
customer with a minimum value of $560,000 over the two-year 
agreement.

4

The Group also continued to make significant progress under 
its contract signed in 2014 for the development and delivery of 
CZT-based SPECT modules for an established manufacturer of 
x-ray diagnostics and analysis equipment in China.

Nuclear Detection
It was a milestone year in Nuclear Detection as Kromek 
continued to win new contracts, executed large orders and 
enhanced its reputation with government agencies and global 
OEMs. 

In particular, Kromek completed the delivery of an initial 10,000 
D3S units in support of DARPA’s SIGMA programme. To date, 
Kromek has secured over $11m worth of contracts under the 
programme.  

In further interaction with the US defence agencies, 
Kromek was awarded a $1.6m two-year agreement by the 
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”), subject to final 
contract. This award is to build on, and further enhance, the 
Group’s technology platform to develop a ruggedised, high 
performance, isotope radiation detector that is capable for use 
in military and other harsh environments.

Other contracts awarded in the period include a $430,000 
contract with the UK Ministry of Defence for the supply of 
nuclear radiation detection products and an extension to an 
existing contract for the development and delivery of nuclear 
radiation detection devices for a major civil nuclear partner 
amounting to $278,000. Both of these contracts were delivered, 
on schedule, during the period.

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Kromek continued to make good progress in its partnership 
with Mirion (formally Canberra) for product distribution and 
R&D collaboration. This three-year R&D programme with Mirion 
is expected to be worth at least $900,000 over the life of the 
contract. 

These contracts demonstrate that Kromek continues to gain 
commercial traction through the increasing adoption of our 
technology in the security screening market. Kromek’s bottle 
scanners are installed in 50 airports in 11 countries in Asia, 
Europe and Australia. 

Security Screening 
Kromek secured a milestone five-year agreement, valued at a 
minimum of $3.1m, with an existing US-based customer that 
is an emerging leader and global company in the homeland 
security marketplace. It is Kromek’s first long-term contract 
in the security screening market and, significantly, is another 
OEM customer that has moved from being an R&D customer to 
entering the commercial phase. 

In addition, Kromek was awarded a contract, valued at 
$990,000, by an existing US-based customer, that is a global 
leader in aerospace and defence technologies. The contract 
is for the upgrade of the Group’s advanced security screening 
detectors that the customer has deployed since 2009. The 
upgraded CZT detectors are critical to the customer’s security 
screening application.

Kromek was also awarded two contracts, totalling $265,000, 
which were both delivered during the period. One for the 
Group’s bottle scanners, from an Asian airport group that is 
a new customer, and the other for components for screening 
systems, from an existing customer. 

r&D
The Group continued to work on both externally and internally 
funded R&D activities to develop products and platform 
technologies that can form important elements of our future 
product roadmap. During the period, six new patents were filed 
and 11 patents were granted.

The research pipeline has delivered several fundamental new 
technologies as we:
n  invested in developing a new low-power Bluetooth-

connected readout system designed for seamless integration 
of large volume vehicle-mounted detectors (complementing 
the handheld D3S detectors) in the SIGMA detector network;

n  successfully developed and supplied prototype radiation 
detectors to DTRA that resulted in a new award for the 
development of detectors for military applications; 

n  developed a high-performance ASIC for use in advanced 

radiation detectors, further enhancing the product offerings in 
the nuclear detection market while lowering electronic design 
costs; and

n  developed and introduced a new series of x-ray imaging 
modules in the BMD market, further enhancing Kromek’s 
position in this market.

“Kromek is experiencing a step change in the 
growth across all its business segments and 
expects to report revenue growth for 2017/18 
of approximately 40%” 

outlook

Kromek is experiencing a step change in the growth 
across all its business segments and expects to report 
revenue growth for 2017/18 of approximately 40% 
in line with market expectations. This expectation is 
underpinned by the good visibility of revenues as the 
Group continues delivery on over $40m of contracts 
signed over the last 24 months. 

The Group also continues to benefit from its customers 
launching next-generation CZT-based products into the 

market. In 2017/18, Kromek expects OEM customers 
to launch further products incorporating the Group’s 
technology, prompting additional orders to be placed as 
sales of these products accelerate. 

Overall, the Group’s products continue to gain traction 
in all its business segments with Kromek winning new 
customers as well as strengthening its relationships with 
existing customers. With a strengthened order book in 
place and improved revenue visibility, the Board looks to 
the future with confidence.

5

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Business Review and Strategic Report

Chief Financial Officer’s Review

“Key areas of development 
were to expand the D3S suite 
of products and the SPECT 
and BMD platforms linked to 
existing contract deliverables 
and significant future revenue 
opportunities” 

Mr Derek Bulmer
Chief Financial Officer
27 June 2017

“Year-on-year growth in product 
sales of 23% reflects further 
traction with the D3S, SPECT 
and BMD products delivering on 
the supply contracts that have 
been announced over the last 24 
months”

6

This  was  a  successful  year  for  Kromek  as  the  Group  achieved 
another year of revenue growth, with the continued increase in 
product sales, and improved gross margin resulting in reduced 
EBITDA  loss.  We  also  significantly  strengthened  our  balance 
sheet with a placing and open offer in February 2017 of £19.8m 
(net).

revenue
The Group achieved revenue growth of 7.5% year-on-year driven 
by  higher  product  sales  at  £6.7m  (2015/16:  £5.4m),  which 
accounted for 74% of total revenue (2015/16: 65%) as detailed 
in the table below. 

revenue mix

2016/17

2015/16

£’000

% share

£’000

% share

product

r&D

Total

6,671

2,297

8,968

74%

26%

5,432

2,910

8,342

65%

35%

The year-on-year growth in product sales of 23% reflects further 
traction  with  the  D3S,  SPECT  and  BMD  products  as  they 
delivered  on  the  supply  contracts  that  have  been  announced 
over the last 24 months. 

Gross margin
Gross margin (calculated before labour and overhead recovery) 
increased to 57% (2015/16: 53%). This improvement is the result 
of product mix and production efficiencies as well as the impact 
of the allocation of product development amortisation.  

On  the  latter  point,  amortisation  of  product  development  is 
now  expensed  on  a  straight-line  estimate  rather  than  linked  to 
specific sales of unit product. The Group amended its accounting 
estimate of development cost amortisation to reflect the changes 

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

in the accounting standards, IAS 38: Intangible Assets and IAS 
16:  Property,  Plant  and  Equipment,  which  were  effective  for 
accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016. 

On  a  like-for-like  basis,  if  the  gross  margin  in  2015/16  is  re-
calculated on the same basis as it has been for 2016/17 relating 
to the change in allocation of amortisation costs, gross margin 
for  2015/16  would  be  55%.    Thus,  like-for-like,  gross  margin 
improved  by  2%  year-on-year,  driven  by  product  mix  and 
production efficiencies.

(including  operating 

Administration  costs 
expenses)
Administration costs and operating expenses increased by 5% to 
£8.7m (2015/16: £8.3m). The key movement in the year relates 
to  the  higher  amortisation  charge  of  £1.4m  (2015/16:  £0.8m) 
resulting from the change in the method of estimate and allocation 
of amortisation as noted above. This additional charge was partly 
offset by some net cost savings of approximately  £0.2m.

eBITDA and profit/(loss) from operations
Due to increased product sales and movement in gross margin, 
EBITDA for 2016/17 was a loss of £1.5m compared with a loss 
of £2.4m for the prior year, as set out in the table below:

Revenue

Gross margin (%)

Loss Before Tax

eBITDA Adjustments:

Net interest

Depreciation

Amortisation

Share-based payments

Other income

eBITDA

2016/17
£’000

8,968

57%

(3,794)

40

762

1,417

99

15

2015/16
£’000

8,342

53%

(4,143)

83

709

828

166

(19)

(1,461)

(2,376)

The £0.9m improvement in EBITDA in 2016/17 compared with 
2015/16  is  substantially  a  result  of  £0.7m  of  additional  gross 
profit  generated  from  higher  revenues  and  improvements  in 
gross margin. This has been further supported by net reductions 
in administrative costs as noted above.

Loss before tax for the year was £3.8m (2015/16: £4.1m loss).

Tax
The  Group  continues  to  benefit  from  the  UK  Research  and 
Development  Tax  Credit  resulting  from  the  investment  in 
developments of technology and recorded a credit of £0.7m for 
the year (2015/16: £0.9m). The Group deferred tax provision saw 
a movement of a credit of nil (2015/16: £1.2m) as a result of the 
distribution of losses between the UK and US operations. These 

two elements led to an overall tax credit to the income statement 
for the Group of £0.7m (2015/16: £2.0m).

earnings per Share (“epS”)
EPS is recorded in the year on a basic and diluted basis producing 
a loss of 1.8p per share (2015/16: 1.5p loss per share) for basic 
and a loss of 1.7p per share (2015/16: 1.5p loss per share) for 
diluted. 

r&D
The Group invested £4.2m in the year (2015/16: £2.8m) in near-
term product developments that were capitalised on the balance 
sheet, reflecting the continued commitment to invest for the future 
growth of the business with new and enhanced products, and to 
meet  the  demands  of  customer  programmes.  A  further  £3.5m 
(2015/16: £3.2m) was incurred in the research and development 
of  the  core  technology  platform  and  manufacturing  capabilities 
and expensed through the income statement in the period.

Key  areas  of  development  were  to  expand  the  D3S  suite  of 
products and the SPECT and BMD platforms linked to existing 
contract deliverables and significant future revenue opportunities. 
The main driver in the increase in year-on-year near-term product 
development of £1.4m was the investment in a new ASIC platform 
that can be utilised to broaden the product portfolio by enabling 
higher detection sensitivity and smaller product form factors.

The  Group  continues  to  undertake  this  investment  in  order  to 
advance  its  commercial  advantage.  This  was  manifest  in  the 
period in D3S, BMD and SPECT product sales. This investment 
is considered critical and ongoing as the Group commercialises 
the  opportunities  that  the  technology  provides  and  expands 
capabilities  in  a  number  of  different  applications,  which  will  be 
further augmented by the recent ASIC development.

During the period, the Group undertook expenditure on patents 
and trademarks of £0.3m (2015/16: £0.3m) with six new patents 
filed and 11 patents granted. 

capital expenditure
Capital  expenditure  in  the  year  amounted  to  £0.3m  (2015/16: 
£0.4m), which primarily relates to upgrading the IT network along 
with some modest manufacturing projects. 

cash Balance
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  was  £20.3m  at  30  April  2017  (31 
October  2016:  £3.8m;  30  April  2016:  £3.6m).  This  follows  the 
successful placing and open offer in February 2017 of £19.8m 
(net), offset by the adjusted EBITDA loss for the period, further 
investment  in  product  development  in  the  year  of  £4.2m,  net 
working  capital  expansion  in  debtors,  inventory  and  payables 
of  £0.9m  and  a  £3m  drawn  down  on  the  newly  renewed  RCF 
facility. 

7

 
 
 
KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

We constantly evaluate new 
opportunities for our existing and 
complementary technologies

Vertically 
integrated offering 
from advanced 
sensor materials 
to detection 
solutions

Materials & 
Detectors

Detector
Fabrication

Bonding & 
Hybridisation

Research & 
Development

ASICs & 
Electronics

Application 
Development

Systems 
Engineering

Algorithms
& Software

ERNST & YOUNG
ENTREPRENEUR 
OF THE YEAR

A W A R D S

I N N OVAT I O N

W I N N E R   2 0 16

8

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Kromek designs, develops and produces 
x-ray and gamma-ray imaging and 
radiation detection products

Where we operate:

eV Products, Inc.
Pennsylvania

Group Headquarters
County Durham

NOVA R&D, Inc.
California

Kromek has three major 
operational facilities in California, 
Pennsylvania and County 
Durham. We have established 
sales and distribution 
relationships covering Europe, 
North America and Asia Pacific

9

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Kromek’s high-resolution 
CZT camera for SPECT 
enables superior diagnostics

“Using CZT for medical imaging is like jumping straight 

from VHS to HD DVD in terms of image quality”

GE Healthcare website ‘The Pulse’ 

10
10

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Medical Imaging

SPECT: Nuclear Medicine diagnostic imaging where the patient is 
injected with a radio-pharmaceutical which concentrates at sites 
indicating diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s

Kromek offering
Kromek provides simple turn-key product 
solutions and a robust supply chain for OEMs to 
integrate CZT cameras into their new systems 
and/or retrofit installed base

Advantages of using cZT

Higher resolution with superior specificity

Reduced dose

Reduced scan time

Enables images of several tracers at once, further 
reducing scan time

Improved image quality enables personalized 
medicine with more accurate and earlier detection 
of diseases such as cardiac ischemia and cancer, 
leading to earlier, more effective diagnosis, enabling 
a faster treatment cycle for lower cost of care

Thyroid camera

$100m+

Annual market 
opportunity for Kromek

General purpose 
camera

11

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

D3S - Creating Intelligent 
Radiation Detection Networks

Safeguarding cities 
from the threat of 
nuclear ‘dirty bombs’

12
12

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Nuclear Detection

D3S - a portable combined gamma neutron detector 
which is networked via mobile phone linked to a 
central server. Warning system against the threat of 
nuclear terrorism

The DARPA SigmA System

D3S/Android

Vehicle-mounted sensors

Neutron Panels

ID

Web-based Situation Awareness & Analysis UI

External System Integration

The story so far...

10,000 detectors 
shipped

10000
,

2.5bn recorded data 
points acquired 

2.5bn

10+ number of 
significant events in USA

10+

Port Authority of New York 
and New Jersey trial 
Source: DARPA.mil website

100

100-fold increase in the 
ability to locate & identify 
sources of radiation

1__
10

One tenth of the cost of 
conventional sensors

10x

10 times faster at 
detecting gamma and 
neutron radiation

13
13

D3S - Creating Intelligent 

Radiation Detection Networks

Safeguarding cities 

from the threat of 

nuclear ‘dirty bombs’

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Working with partners to provide new technology to 
safeguard people and the environment 

Working in collaboration and partnership with 
customers has long been a cornerstone of how 
Kromek does business. Working in a safe and secure 
environment is an integral part of business culture at 
nuclear power giant, EDF Energy. 

Kromek and EDF Energy formed a partnership to solve 
one of the nuclear industry’s intractable problems: how 
to quickly and accurately determine whether an area 
or material had become contaminated and, if so, with 
what. 

Any time saved in determining the nature and extent 
of an incident is crucial to the rapid implementation 
of vital response teams and recovery times. Analysis 
techniques within the industry, historically, could 

be time consuming and involved taking samples to 
laboratories for analysis that could delay response 
times and further sampling.

EDF Energy required a system that offered high-
performance radiation detection capabilities that 
provided fast and accurate measurement of potentially 
mixed sources of radiation in real-time while being 
small and robust enough to be easily transported and 
used in-field.

Utilising the GR1 detector at its core, Kromek and 
EDF Energy designed a fast and accurate analytical 
tool that could easily be installed into a vehicle. A fit 
for purpose software package was also designed in 
collaboration with EDF Energy.

“As a business, EDF Energy is 
continuously investing in improving 
safety standards at all its sites and 
the development of the Q4GR1 has 
helped increase this capability”

14
14

EDF Energy Hunterston ‘B’ Power Station

The high-resolution GR1 can accurately  
measure, separate and identify the 
presence of individual sources of 
radiation within mixed samples, and, 
because the detector is small, lightweight 
and portable, and has no requirement 
for cooling, it is ideal for in-field 
measurement.

In-field testing and certification was 
undertaken by Cavendish Nuclear in 
conjunction with EDF Energy to verify 
the system’s capability in meeting EDF 

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Energy’s Minimum Detectable 
Activity specifications, accurately 
detecting the low levels of 
radiation. 

As a business, EDF Energy 
is continuously investing in 
improving safety standards at all its sites 
and the development of the Q4GR1 has 
helped increase this capability.

The result is the Q4GR1, which provides 
accurate results within 10 to 20 minutes, 
allows large numbers of samples to 
be taken in a reduced period of time. 
These provide actionable information for 
safeguarding public safety and helping to 
secure a safe working environment. 

EDF Energy is currently deploying the 
Q4gR1 into their environmental survey 
vehicles across the UK as part of their 
emergency arrangements.

Final product: 
Q4GR1 installed inside an EDF Energy 
Environmental Survey vehicle

The product development journey: 
incorporating the GR1 into the 
design process for the Q4GR1

15

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Directors’ Biographies

Sir Peter Williams
Chairman 
Audit Committee Chair

Dr Arnab Basu
Chief Executive Officer

Mr Derek Bulmer
Chief Financial Officer and
In-House Counsel

Sir Peter was awarded an MA and PhD 
from the University of Cambridge, then 
taught at Imperial College. Moving into 
industry, he became Deputy CEO of 
VG Instruments Ltd and CEO and later 
Chairman of Oxford Instruments, the first 
spin-out from Oxford University. He was 
Senior Independent Director of GKN plc 
and a non-executive director of W.S. 
Atkins plc. He was also Chairman of Isis 
Innovation Ltd (the technology transfer 
arm of Oxford University). He received a 
CBE in 1992 and was knighted in 1998. 
He is currently Chairman of the Daiwa 
Anglo Japanese Foundation and advises 
several high technology companies.

Dr Basu has a PhD in physics from 
Durham University, specialising in 
semiconducting sensor materials. Arnab 
held senior management positions 
in his family business, serving over 
250 major telecommunications and 
consumer electronics manufacturers, 
including Siemens and GEC. He worked 
in commercial product development 
for Elmwood Sensors Ltd (Honeywell 
Group, UK). A prominent figure within the 
business community, he was awarded 
Ernst and Young ‘Entrepreneur of the 
Year’ (2009) and received an MBE for 
services to regional development and 
international trade (2014).

A qualified Chartered Accountant and 
Barrister, Mr Bulmer has worked with 
KPMG and undertaken a number of 
senior management roles with blue chip 
public companies including Bass plc, 
AWG plc and Ibstock plc. Additionally, 
and more recently, a number of roles 
as Finance Director of privately owned 
groups in both the IT and oil and gas 
industries have provided a wealth of 
experience in executing and managing 
business acquisitions plus significant 
aspects of the commercial and legal 
disciplines of corporate management.

16

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Mr Lawrence Kinet
Non-Executive Director

Dr Graeme Speirs
Non-Executive Director

Mr Jerel Whittingham
Non-Executive Director 
Remuneration Committee Chair

Mr Kinet has 40 years’ experience in the 
medical device and bio-pharmaceutical 
industry in leadership positions, most 
recently as Group Chief Executive of 
LMA International NV and President 
of Smiths Medical, London. Lawrence 
has raised more than $100m in funding 
for early stage companies, taking one 
through an IPO, and made over $1bn 
worth of acquisitions. His career began at 
Baxter International, running a number of 
overseas operations eventually becoming 
President of Baxter’s International 
Division. He holds a BSc from the 
University of Birmingham (UK) and an 
MBA from the University of Chicago.

Dr Speirs is an experienced entrepreneur 
and owner of the Polymer Holdings 
Group and Polymer N2, an investment 
company focused on UK start-ups in 
the technology, life sciences and energy 
sectors. Graeme graduated with first 
class honours in chemistry and a PhD 
in molecular physics from Aberdeen 
University, and holds a masters degree 
in Technology and Economics from the 
University of Birmingham. Involved in the 
oil and gas industry, Graeme is an expert 
in the design and manufacture of polymer 
composite products.

Mr Whittingham has extensive experience 
in investor, operational and strategy roles 
with technology-rich companies including 
Incuvest LLC, Amphion Innovations plc 
(Board member), INMARSAT and with 
several start-ups. He was appointed 
to Kromek’s Board in September 2013 
having served on the Board of DSC Ltd, 
a predecessor company. He also served 
as CEO and later Executive chairman of 
university spin out, Myconostica Ltd, a 
medical technology company. Jerel is a 
graduate of London (UCL), Brussels and 
Cranfield Universities.

17

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Directors’ Report

The Directors present their annual report on the affairs of the 
Group, together with the financial statements and auditor’s 
report, for the year ended 30 April 2017.

principal activities

Kromek Group plc is the leading developer of radiation 
detectors based on cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), providing 
improved detection and characterisation capabilities within 
the medical imaging, nuclear detection and security screening 
markets.

Business and strategic review

The information that fulfils the requirements of the strategic 
report and business review, including details of the results for 
the year ended 30 April 2017, principal risks and uncertainties, 
research and development, financial KPIs and the outlook for 
future years, are set out in the Chairman’s Statement, Chief 
Executive Officer’s and Chief Financial Officer’s Reviews, on 
pages 2-7.

Future developments

The Group’s development objectives for 2017–18 are disclosed 
in the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer reviews 
on pages 4-7.

The Directors continue to monitor the potential impacts of the 
UK’s decision to leave the European Union (EU). As the Group’s 
turnover is generated globally and the proportion of UK to EU 
trade is not a significant portion of this, the Directors believe that 
the impact will not be significant in the short term. The Directors 
will put in place plans to reduce or mitigate the risks arising 
once they have been firmly established.

capital structure

The capital structure is intended to ensure and maintain strong 
credit ratings and healthy capital ratios in order to support the 
Group’s business and maximise shareholder value. It includes 
the monitoring of cash balances, available bank facilities and 
cash flows.

No changes were made to these objectives, policies or 
processes during the year ended 30 April 2017.

results and dividends

The consolidated income statement is set out on page 29.

The Group’s loss after taxation amounted to £3.08m (2015/16: 
£2.15m).

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend for 
the year ended 30 April 2017.

During the year ended 30 April 2017, the Group made political 
donations of £nil (2015/16: £nil) and charitable donations of £nil 
(2015/16: £nil).

18

Directors

The Directors, who served throughout the year except as noted, 
were as follows:

Dr A Basu
Mr D Bulmer 
Sir P Williams
Mr L Kinet
Dr G K Speirs
Mr J H Whittingham

The emoluments and interests of the Directors in the shares of 
the Group are set out in the Remuneration report.

Details of significant events since the balance sheet date 
are contained in note 16 to the parent company financial 
statements.

Directors’ indemnities

The Group has made qualifying third-party indemnity provisions 
for the benefit of its Directors, which were made during the year 
and remain in force at the date of this report.

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report 
and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law 
and regulations.

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial 
statements for each financial year.  Under that law the Directors 
have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as 
adopted by the European Union. Under company law the 
Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they 
are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of 
affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company 
for that period. In preparing these financial statements, 
International Accounting Standard 1 requires that Directors:

n  properly select and apply accounting policies;

n  present information, including accounting policies, in a 

manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and 
understandable information; 

n  provide additional disclosures when compliance with the 

specific requirements in IFRSs are insufficient to enable users 
to understand the impact of particular transactions, other 
events and conditions on the entity’s financial position and 
financial performance; and

n  make an assessment of the Company’s ability to continue as 

a going concern.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any 
time the financial position of the Company and enable them to 
ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies 
Act 2006.  They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets 
of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and 
integrity of the corporate and financial information included on 
the Company’s website.  Legislation in the United Kingdom 
governing the preparation and dissemination of financial 
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Auditor

Each of the persons who is a Director at the date of approval of 
this annual report confirms that:

n  so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit 
information of which the Group’s auditor is unaware; and
n  the Director has taken all the steps that he ought to have 
taken as a Director in order to make himself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the Group’s 
auditor is aware of that information.

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in 
accordance with the provisions of Section 418 of the 
Companies Act 2006.

Deloitte LLP have expressed their willingness to continue in 
office as auditors and a resolution to reappoint them will be 
proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

By order of the Board

Dr Arnab Basu mBe
Chief Executive Officer
27 June 2017

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

19

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Review of Principal Risks

The Board has carried out a robust assessment of the principal risks to achieving its strategic objectives. Risks are reviewed on a regular basis by 
the Board to identify any changes in risk profiles and to consider the optimal range of mitigation strategies.

Risk 

Description

mitigation

Risks associated 
with competition 

The Group faces competition from two types 
of competitor: specialised companies targeting 
discrete markets and divisions of large integrated 
device manufacturers.

The Group’s current and future competitors may 
develop superior technology or offer superior 
products, sell products at a lower price or achieve 
greater market acceptance in the Group’s target 
markets. Competitors may have longer operating 
histories, greater name recognition, access to larger 
customer bases and resources. As such, they 
could be able to respond more quickly to changing 
customer demands or to devote greater resources 
to the development, promotion and sale of their 
products than the Group could.

To the extent possible, the Group carefully monitors 
competing technologies and product offerings. The 
Group intends to continue to make commercially-
driven investments in developing new technologies 
and products to maintain a strong technology 
position, and is investing in further and more 
specialised marketing and sales resources. Group 
IP gives some additional protection and Kromek 
has invested in new IP management systems and 
processes in the last financial year.

Risks associated 
with management 
of the group’s 
growth strategy

The ability of the Group to implement its strategy in 
rapidly evolving and competitive markets will require 
effective management planning and operational 
controls. Significant expansion will be required to 
respond to market opportunities and the Group’s 
future growth and prospects will depend on its 
ability to manage this growth and to continue to 
expand and improve operational and financial 
performance, whilst at the same time maintaining 
effective cost controls.

The Group’s experienced management team is well 
versed in the current markets available to the Group 
and well positioned to adapt to any changes in 
those markets. The Group also has detailed control 
systems including R&D cost control and extensive 
project management criteria. 

The Group has demonstrated its ability to identify, 
execute and integrate M&A opportunities with its 
two successful US acquisitions.

Risks associated 
with product 
and technology 
adoption rates

The rate of market acceptance of the Group’s 
products is uncertain as many factors influence 
the adoption of new products including changing 
needs, regulation, marketing and distribution, users’ 
habits and business systems and product pricing.

Risks associated 
with timing of 
customer or third-
party projects

The Group’s strategy includes co-development 
with, or licensing its technologies to, large OEM 
partners for additional development, manufacturing 
or subsequent marketing. Consequently, the Group 
will be increasingly reliant on securing and retaining 
such partners, and delays in the progress of the 
development, manufacturing or marketing of the 
end product, as a result of a partner’s action or 
inaction, may delay the receipt of product-related 
revenues.

20

With a widely applicable technology base, the 
Group only chooses opportunities in which it 
believes there is a good match between its rare 
or unique capabilities and strong adoption drivers 
in growing large markets. The use of common 
technology platforms across multiple markets 
and applications reduces the investment risk in 
any given market segment and diversifies overall 
adoption risk.

The Group has a diversified customer base and 
operates in a carefully selected portfolio of markets 
with different adoption risks and cycles. As part 
of its business model it also more directly controls 
a certain fraction of its revenues via the sale of 
complete end-user products in three different 
markets.

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Risk 

Description

mitigation

Risks associated 
with exchange 
rate fluctuations

As a consequence of the international nature of its 
business, the Group is exposed to risks associated 
with changes in foreign currency exchange rates 
on both sales and operations. The Group is based 
in the UK and presents its financial statements 
in pounds sterling. However, its subsidiaries eV 
Products, Inc. and NOVA R&D, Inc., operate in the 
US and earn revenues and incur costs in US dollars. 
A growing proportion of the Group’s future revenues 
are expected to be denominated in currencies 
other than pound sterling. Exchange rate variations 
between currencies in which the Group operates 
could have a significant impact on the Group’s 
reported financial results.

The Group is predominantly exposed to currency 
risk on sales and purchases made from customers 
and suppliers. Sales and purchases from customers 
and suppliers are made on a central basis and the 
risk is monitored centrally but not hedged utilising 
any forward exchange contracts. Apart from these 
particular cash flows, the Group aims to fund 
expenses and investments in the respective currency 
and to manage foreign exchange risk at a local 
level by matching the currency in which revenue is 
generated and expenses are incurred.

21

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance Report

As an AIM listed company, Kromek Group plc is not obliged to 
comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code published 
in September 2012 (the “Code”). However, the Board follows, 
as far as practicable, the recommendations on corporate 
governance of the Quoted Companies Alliance for companies 
with shares traded on AIM.

The Board

The Board normally meets at least four times per year in person 
and four times per year telephonically. Its direct responsibilities 
include setting annual budgets, reviewing trading performance, 
approving significant capital expenditure, ensuring adequate 
funding, setting and monitoring strategy and reporting to 
shareholders. The Non-Executive Directors have a particular 
responsibility to ensure that the strategies proposed by the 
Executive Directors are fully considered.

Audit committee

The audit committee is chaired by Sir Peter Williams, an 
Independent Non-Executive Director. The other members are 
Lawrence Kinet and Jerel Whittingham, both Independent Non-
Executive Directors, and Graeme Speirs, a large shareholder 
and Non-Executive Director of the Board. The committee meets 
at least four times a year.

The audit committee is responsible for reviewing the half-
year and annual financial statements, interim management 
statements, preliminary results announcements and any other 
formal announcement or presentation relating to the Group’s 
financial performance. 

The audit committee also reviews significant financial returns to 
regulators and any financial information covered in certain other 
documents such as announcements of a price sensitive nature.

The audit committee also reviews the effectiveness of the 
Group’s internal control over financial reporting and considers 
key financial judgements made in the financial statements.

The audit committee advises the Board on the appointment of 
external auditors and on their remuneration (both for audit and 
non-audit work) and discusses the nature, scope and results 
of the audit with the auditors. The audit committee reviews 
the extent of the non-audit services provided by the auditors 
and reviews with them their independence and objectivity. 
The Chairman of the audit committee reports the outcome of 
audit committee meetings to the Board and the Board receives 
minutes of the meetings.

remuneration committee

The remuneration committee is chaired by Jerel Whittingham, 
an Independent Non-Executive Director. The other members 
are Lawrence Kinet, an Independent Non-Executive Director, 

and Graeme Speirs, a large shareholder and Non-Executive 
Director of the Board. The committee is responsible for 
making recommendations to the Board, within agreed terms of 
reference, on the Group’s framework of executive remuneration 
and its cost. The committee determines the contract terms, 
remuneration and other benefits for each of the Executive 
Directors, including performance-related bonus schemes 
and pension rights. Further details of the Group’s policies on 
remuneration and service contracts are given in the Directors’ 
remuneration report on pages 24-26.

relations with shareholders

Communication with shareholders is given high priority. There 
is regular dialogue with major and institutional shareholders 
including presentations after the Group’s announcements of 
the half-year and full-year results. Presentations are also often 
made to analysts at those times to present the Group’s results 
and report on developments. This assists with the promotion of 
knowledge of the Group in the investment marketplace and with 
shareholders.

The Board uses both the annual report and financial statements 
and the Annual General Meeting to communicate directly 
with private and institutional investors and welcomes their 
participation.

The Chairman aims to ensure that the Chairs of the audit and 
remuneration committees are available at the Annual General 
Meeting to answer questions.

Internal control

The Board is responsible for establishing and maintaining 
the Group’s system of internal control and for reviewing its 
effectiveness. The system is designed to manage rather than 
eliminate the risk of failure to achieve the Group’s strategic 
objectives and can only provide reasonable and not absolute 
assurance against material misstatement or loss. As an AIM 
listed company, the Group does not need to comply with Code 
provision C2.1 regarding the Directors giving a summary of the 
process applied by the Board in reviewing the effectiveness 
of the system of internal control. Instead, the Directors have 
set out below some of the key aspects of the Group’s internal 
control procedures.

An ongoing process has been established for identifying, 
evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the 
Group. The process has been in place for the full year under 
review and up to the date of approval of the annual report and 
financial statements. The Board regularly reviews this process 
as part of its review of such risks within its meetings. Where any 
weaknesses are identified, an action plan is prepared to address 
the issues and is then implemented.

22

Each year the Board approves the annual budget. Key risk 
areas are identified, reviewed and monitored. Performance is 
monitored against budget, relevant action is taken throughout 
the year and updated forecasts are prepared as appropriate.

Capital and development expenditure is regulated by a 
budgetary process and authorisation levels. For expenditure 
beyond specified levels, detailed written proposals have to 
be submitted to the Board for approval. Reviews are carried 
out after the purchase is complete. The Board requires 
management to explain any major deviations from authorised 
capital proposals and to seek further sanction from the Board.

The Board has reviewed the need for an internal audit function 
and concluded that this is not currently necessary in view of the 
small size of the Group and the close supervision by the senior 
leadership team of its day-to-day operations. The Board will 
continue to keep this under review.

The Group has a whistle-blowing policy and procedures to 
encourage staff to contact the audit committee if they need to 
raise matters of concern other than via the Executive Directors 
and senior leadership team.

Going concern

As at 30 April 2017, the Group had net assets of £42.2m 
(2015/16: £24.7m) and cash and cash equivalents of £20.3m 
(2015/16: £3.9m) as set out in the consolidated statement 
of financial position. The Directors have prepared detailed 
forecasts of the Group’s financial performance over the next 
five years. As a result of this review, which incorporated 
sensitivities and risk analysis, the Directors believe that the 
Group has sufficient resources and working capital to meet 
their present and foreseeable obligations for a period of at least 
twelve months from approval of these financial statements. 
Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in 
preparing the Group financial statements.

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

23

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Directors’ Remuneration Report

As the Group is AIM listed, the Directors are not required, under 
Section 420(1) of the Companies Act 2006, to prepare a Directors’ 
remuneration report for each financial year of the Group and so 
Kromek  Group  plc  makes  the  following  disclosures  voluntarily, 
which are not intended to, and indeed do not, comply with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The LTIP is based on total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to 
an AIM peer group. Any awards made vest only after three years.

Service contracts

Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer have service contracts with notice 
periods (to the Company) of nine and six months respectively. 

The  remuneration  committee  is  responsible  for  recommending 
the  remuneration  and  other  terms  of  employment  for  the 
Executive Directors of Kromek Group plc.

The  committee  considers  the  Directors’  notice  periods  to  be 
appropriate as they are in line with the market and take account 
of the Directors’ knowledge and experience.

Non-executive Directors

The fees of the Non-Executive Directors are determined by the full 
Board within the limits set out in the Memorandum and Articles 
of Association. The Non-Executive Directors are not eligible for 
bonuses, pension benefits or share options.

Directors’ emoluments

Emoluments  of  the  Directors  for  the  year  ended  30  April  2017 
are shown below.

pension contributions

During the year, the Group made annual pension contributions 
for Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer to a personal pension scheme 
(i.e. a defined contribution scheme). Neither benefits in kind nor 
bonuses are pensionable.

Details of contributions payable by the Group are:

Director

Arnab Basu

Derek Bulmer

30 April 2017
£’000

30 April 2016
£’000

10

53

16

30

In  determining  remuneration  for  the  year,  the  committee  has 
given  consideration  to  the  requirements  of  the  UK  Corporate 
Governance Code.

remuneration policy

The  remuneration  of  Executive  Directors  is  determined  by  the 
committee  and  the  remuneration  of  Non-Executive  Directors  is 
approved  by  the  full  Board  of  Directors.  The  remuneration  of 
the Chairman is determined by the Independent Non-Executive 
Directors.

The remuneration packages of Executive Directors comprise the 
following elements:

Basic salary and benefits

Basic  salaries  for  Executive  Directors  are  reviewed  annually 
having regard to individual performance and market practice. In 
most  cases,  benefits  provided  to  Executive  Directors  comprise 
the  provision  of  a  Group  car,  or  appropriate  allowance,  health 
insurance  and  contributions  to  a  Group  personal  pension 
scheme.

Annual bonus

A bonus may be awarded at the end of each financial year, at the 
discretion of the Board, having considered the recommendations 
of  the  remuneration  committee.  The  maximum  bonus  currently 
ranges  from  between  25%–75%  of  basic  salary  to  reward  for 
Executives’  contribution  to  the  growth  in  revenue,  and  specific 
targeted or strategic objectives.

long-Term Incentive plan (“lTIp”)

The Group believes that share ownership by Executive Directors 
and  employees  strengthens  the  link  between  their  personal 
interests and those of the Group and the shareholders.

The  Group  has  executive  share  option  and  incentive  schemes, 
which  are  designed  to  promote  long-term  improvement  in  the 
performance  of  the  Group,  sustained  increase  in  shareholder 
value  and  clear  linkage  between  executive  reward  and  the 
Group’s performance.

24

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Directors’ shareholdings

Beneficial interests of the Directors in the shares of the Group are shown below:

Arnab Basu

Derek Bulmer

Peter Williams

Lawrence Kinet

Graeme Speirs*

Jerel Whittingham

30 April 2017

30 April 2016

Number

2,952,000

63,934

80,000

200,000

23,768,415

114,890

%

1.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

9.2

0.0

Number

2,072,000

40,000

30,000

150,000

16,268,415

110,450

%

1.4

0.0

0.0

0.1

10.7

0.1

* Graeme Speirs has a direct interest in 10,994,940 (2016: 3,494,940) ordinary shares and is interested in 12,773,475 ordinary shares 
(2016: 12,773,475) held through Polymer Holdings Ltd. In total, Mr Speirs is interested, directly or indirectly, in 23,768,415 (2016: 
16,268,415) ordinary shares amounting to 9.2% (2016: 10.7%) of the issued share capital.

Directors’ emoluments for the year ended 30 April 2017

Salary 
£’000

Fees   
£’000

Benefits 
£’000

Bonus  
£’000

Pension 
contributions   
£’000

Total emoluments 
2017   
£’000

Total emoluments 
2016  
 £’000

Non-executive chairman

Sir Peter Williams

executive

Arnab Basu

Derek Bulmer

Non-executive

Lawrence Kinet

Graeme Speirs

Jerel Whittingham

Peter Bains*

Charlotta Ginman*

Max Robinson*

Brian Tanner*

74

165

137

36

36

39

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

30

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10

64

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

74

235

197

36

36

39

-

-

-

-

42

224

206

47

39

42

29

32

25

27

* Peter Bains, Charlotta Ginman, Professor Max Robinson and Professor Brian Tanner resigned from the Board with effect from 16 
December 2015.

executive Directors’ share incentive scheme

Share incentive scheme for Arnab Basu, Chief Executive Officer, and Derek Bulmer, Chief Financial Officer

The remuneration committee agreed, in January 2017, an incentive award scheme for Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer, to offer them up 
to 595,200 and 370,647 shares respectively, at a price of 1p per share to vest based on specified performance criteria.

The remuneration committee agreed, in October 2015, an incentive award scheme for Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer, to offer them 
up to 544,263 and 271,140 shares respectively, at a price of 1p per share to vest based on specified performance criteria.

The remuneration committee agreed, in June 2014, an incentive award scheme for Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer, to offer them up to 
425,859 and 181,182 shares respectively, at a price of 1p per share to vest based on specified performance criteria.

In October 2013, an incentive award scheme was made to Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer, to offer them up to 372,057 and 158,292 
shares respectively, at a price of 1p per share to vest based on specified performance criteria.

These share incentives noted above are measured by a TSR condition, calculated as the average total return in comparison to a peer 
group. The Board receives specialist advice from the Group’s auditor. 

25

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Directors’ Remuneration Report (continued)

As at 30 April 2017, only the shares issued in the October 2013 award had vested with the 2014, 2015 and 2016 issues remaining 
unvested. 

Share price during the year

During the year to 30 April 2017, the highest share price was 33.75p (2016: 49p) and the lowest share price was 19.86p (2016: 
25.5p). The market price of the shares at 30 April 2017 was 30.12p (2016: 32.8p).

Directors’ interests in material contracts

No Director was materially interested either at the year-end or during the year in any contract of significance to the Group other than 
their employment or service contract.

executive Directors’ share options

Director

Date of grant

exercise 
price p

2016 number

Awarded 
during the 
year

Arnab Basu

22 September 2006

Arnab Basu

15 May 2007

1.5

1.5

800,000

80,000

Arnab Basu

20 November 2011

20.0

1,000,000

Derek Bulmer

13 September 2010

Derek Bulmer

15 October 2012

Derek Bulmer

31 May 2013

20.0

20.0

20.0

500,000

125,000

250,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

exercised 
during the 
year

(800,000)

(80,000)

At 30 April 
2017 number

expiry date

-

-

22 September 2016

15 May 2017

-

-

-

-

1,000,000

20 September 2021

500,000

13 September 2020

125,000

15 October 2022

250,000

31 May 2023

26

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

consolidated Financial Statements
for the year ended 30 April 2017

27

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Independent Auditor’s Report

To The members of Kromek Group plc 

We have audited the financial statements of Kromek Group 
plc for the year ended 30 April 2017 which comprise the 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the 
Consolidated and Parent Company statements of financial 
position, the Consolidated and Parent Company statement 
of changes in equity, the Consolidated and Parent Company 
statements of cash flows and related notes 1 to 37 in the 
Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes 1 to 17 
in the Parent Company Financial Statements. The financial 
reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is 
applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the 
parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance 
with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as 
a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so 
that we might state to the company’s members those matters 
we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for 
no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do 
not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the 
company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit 
work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

respective responsibilities of directors and auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities 
Statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of 
the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give 
a true and fair view.  Our responsibility is to audit and express 
an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK 
and Ireland).  Those standards require us to comply with the 
Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts 
and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give 
reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free 
from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or 
error.  This includes an assessment of: whether the accounting 
policies are appropriate to the group’s and the parent 
company’s circumstances and have been consistently applied 
and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant 
accounting estimates made by the directors; and the overall 
presentation of the financial statements.  In addition, we read all 
the financial and non-financial information in the annual report 
to identify material inconsistencies with the audited financial 
statements and to identify any information that is apparently 
materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, the 
knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing the audit.  
If we become aware of any apparent material misstatements or 
inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.
28

opinion on financial statements
In our opinion:

n  the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state 
of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 30 
April 2017 and of the group’s and the parent company’s loss 
for the year then ended;

n  the group financial statements have been properly prepared 
in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European 
Union;

n  the parent company financial statements have been properly 

prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
European Union and as applied in accordance with the 
provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and

n  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance 

with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

opinion on other matter prescribed by the companies 
Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of 
the audit:
n  the information given in the Strategic Report and the 

Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial 
statements are prepared is consistent with the financial 
statements; and

n  the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have been 

prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company 
and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have 
not identified any material misstatements in the Strategic Report 
and the Directors’ Report. 

matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters 
where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, 
in our opinion:

n  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the 

parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited by us; or

n  the parent company financial statements are not in 

agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

n  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law 

are not made; or

n  we have not received all the information and explanations we 

require for our audit.

matthew Hughes BSc (Hons) ACA
(Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of Deloitte LLP
Statutory Auditor
Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
27 June 2017

continuing operations

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Other operating income

Distribution costs

Administrative expenses (including operating 

expenses)

operating loss

Finance income

Finance costs

loss before tax

Tax

loss for the year from continuing operations

Loss per share

- basic (p)

- diluted (p)

Note

5

5

10

11

7

12

14

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Consolidated income statement

For the year ended 30 April 2017

2017
£’000

2016
£’000

8,968

(3,851)

5,117

(15)

(194)

8,342

(3,913)

4,429

19

(181)

(8,662)

(8,327)

(3,754)

(4,060)

5

(45)

1

(84)

(3,794)

(4,143)

710

1,992

(3,084)

(2,151)

(1.8)

(1.7)

(1.5)

(1.5)

29

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

For the year ended 30 April 2017

loss for the year

Items that are or may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss:

2017
£’000

2016
£’000

(3,084)

(2,151)

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

685

156

Total comprehensive loss for the year

(2,399)

(1,995)

30

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Consolidated statement of financial position

As at the year ended 30 April 2017

Non-current assets

Goodwill

Other intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Current tax assets

Cash and bank balances

Total assets

current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Finance lease liabilities

Borrowings

Provisions for liabilities

Net current assets 

Non-current liabilities

Finance lease liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

Total liabilities

Net assets

equity

Share capital

Share premium account

Capital redemption reserve

Translation reserve

Accumulated losses

Total equity

Note

15

16

17

19

21

21

24

22

26

25

23

28

29

30

31

2017
£’000

1,275

14,824

3,698

19,797

3,204

6,005

596

20,343

30,148

49,945

(4,567)

-

(3,000)

(169)

(7,736)

22,412

-

-

(7,736)

42,209

2,591

63,270

1,175

757

(25,584)

2016
£’000

1,275

11,222

3,974

16,471

2,810

5,159

811

3,857

12,637

29,108

(4,445)

(9)

-

-

(4,454)

8,183

-

-

(4,454)

24,654

1,522

44,484

1,175

72

(22,599)

42,209

24,654

The financial statements of Kromek Group plc (registered number 08661469) were approved by the board of directors and 
authorised for issue on 27 June 2017.  They were signed on its behalf by

Dr Arnab Basu mBe
Chief Executive Officer

31

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 30 April 2017

equity attributable to equity holders of the company

Share capital
£’000

Share premium
account
£’000

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£’000

Translation 
reserve
£’000

Accumulated 
losses 
£’000

Total 
equity
              £’000

Balance at 1 may 2015

1,082

34,643

1,175

Loss for the year

Exchange difference on 
translation of foreign 
operations

Total comprehensive 
losses for the year

Issue of share capital net 
of expenses

Credit to equity for equity-
settled share based 
payments

-

-

-

-

-

-

440

9,841

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Balance at 30 April 2016

1,522

44,484

1,175

Loss for the year

Exchange difference on 
translation of foreign 
operations

Total comprehensive 
losses for the year

Issue of share capital 
net of expenses

Credit to equity for 
equity-settled share based 
payments

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,069

18,786

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(84)

-

156

(20,614)

(2,151)

16,202

(2,151)

-

156

156

(2,151)

(1,995)

-

-

72

-

-

10,281

166

166

(22,599)

24,654

(3,084)

(3,084)

685

-

685

685

(3,084)

(2,399)

-

-

-

99

19,855

99

Balance at 30 April 2017

2,591

63,270

1,175

757

(25,584)

42,209

32

Net cash used in operating activities

Investing activities

Interest received

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

Purchases of patents and trademarks

Capitalisation of development costs

Net cash used in investing activities

Financing activities

Loans paid

Revolving credit facility

Proceeds on issue of shares

Payment of finance lease liabilities

Interest paid

Net cash generated from financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes

cash and cash equivalents at end of year

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Consolidated statement of cash flows

For the year ended 30 April 2017

Note

32

2017 
£’000

2016 
£’000

(1,500)

(2,845)

5

(261)

(320)

(4,187)

(4,763)

-

3,000

19,855

-

(45)

22,810

16,547

3,857

(61)

20,343

1

(444)

(320)

(2,819)

(3,582)

(1,003)

-

10,281

(9)

(84)

9,185

2,758

1,183

(84)

3,857

33

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

For the year ended 30 April 2017

1.     GeNerAl INFormATIoN
Kromek  Group  plc  is  a  company  incorporated  and  domiciled  in  the  United  Kingdom  under  the  Companies  Act.  These  financial 
statements are presented in pound sterling because that is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Group 
operates. Foreign operations are included in accordance with the policies set out in note 3.

The  Group’s  financial  information  has  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as 
adopted by the European Union (“EU”) and on a basis consistent with that adopted in the previous year. 

ADopTIoN oF New AND reVISeD STANDArDS

2. 
The Group has adopted all amendments to standards with an effective date relevant to this year end with no material impact on its 
results, assets or liabilities. All other accounting policies have been applied consistently.

Standards not affecting the reported results nor the financial position
At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following Standards and Interpretations which have not been applied 
in these financial statements were in issue but not yet effective (and in some cases, had not yet been adopted by the EU):

n  IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” will supersede IAS 39 “Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement” and is effective 
for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018.  IFRS 9 covers classification and measurement of financial assets and 
financial liabilities, impairment of financial assets and hedge accounting.
n  IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” provides a single model for accounting for revenue arising from contracts 
with customers, focusing on the identification and satisfaction of performance obligations, and is effective for annual periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2018.  IFRS 15 will supersede IAS 18 “Revenue”.
n  IFRS 16 “Leases” provides a new model for lessee accounting in which all leases, other than short-term and small-ticket 
item leases, will be accounted for by the recognition on the balance sheet of a right-to-use asset and a lease liability, and the 
subsequent amortisation of the right-to-use asset over the lease term.  IFRS 16 will be effective for annual periods beginning on 
or after 1 January 2019.

The Directors are considering the future impacts of IFRS 9, IFRS 15 and IFRS 16, however it is not practicable to provide a reasonable 
assessment of the impacts of the standards until a detailed review has been completed. A detailed review of the impact of IFRS 15 
will be completed in the upcoming financial year.

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS

3. 
Basis of preparation
The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union (“IFRSs”) and IFRIC interpretations. Therefore, the Group financial statements comply with Article 4 of the EU IAS 
Regulation.

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis modified for assets recognised at fair value on acquisition. 
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for the assets. The principal accounting 
policies adopted are set out below.

Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results and net assets of the Group and entities controlled by the Group (its 
subsidiaries) made up to 30 April each year. Control is achieved where the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating 
policies of an investee entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

The  results  of  subsidiaries  acquired  during  the  year  are  included  in  the  consolidated  income  statement  from  the  effective  date  of 
acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments are made to results of subsidiaries 
to  bring  the  accounting  policies  used  into  line  with  those  used  by  the  Group.  All  intra-group  transactions,  balances,  income  and 
expenses, and profits are eliminated on consolidation.

Going concern
As at 30 April 2017, the Group had net assets of £42.2m (2016: £24.7m) and cash and cash equivalents of £20.3m (2016: £3.9m) 
as set out in the consolidated statement of financial position. The Directors have prepared detailed forecasts of the Group’s financial 
performance over the next five years. As a result of this review, which incorporated sensitivities and risk analysis, the Directors believe 
that the Group has sufficient resources and working capital to meet their present and foreseeable obligations for a period of at least 
twelve months from approval of these financial statements. Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing 
the Group financial statements.

Business combinations 
The Group financial statements consolidate those of the company and its subsidiary undertakings. Subsidiaries are entities controlled 
by  the  Group.  Control  exists  when  the  Group  has  the  power,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  govern  the  financial  and  operating  policies 
of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. In assessing control, potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or 
convertible are taken into account. The financial information of subsidiaries is included from the date that control commences until the 
date that control ceases. Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group 
transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial information. 

34

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

3. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (coNTINueD) 

Acquisitions on or after 1 may 2010
For acquisitions on or after 1 May 2010, the Group measures goodwill at the acquisition date as:

n the fair value of the consideration transferred; plus
n the recognised amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree; plus
n the fair value of the existing equity interest in the acquiree; less
n the net recognised amount (generally fair value) of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

When the excess is negative, the negative goodwill is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Costs related to the acquisition, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill
Goodwill arising in a business combination is recognised as an asset at the date that control is acquired (the acquisition date). Goodwill 
is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and 
the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest (if any) in the entity over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the 
identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.

If, after reassessment, the Group’s interest in the fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets exceeds the sum of the consideration 
transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest 
in the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain.

Goodwill is not amortised but is reviewed for impairment at least annually. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated 
to each of the Group’s cash-generating units expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. Cash-generating units to 
which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may 
be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is 
allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on 
the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent 
period.

On disposal of a subsidiary, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal.

revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods and 
services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts, VAT and other sales-related taxes and comprises:

Sale of goods and services

i)   
The Group’s income derives from the sale of goods and from the research and development contracts which are typically with 
government agencies. Revenue on product sales is recognised when the risk and reward of ownership pass to the customer, 
the amount can be measured reliably, and it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company. The terms 
of sale are agreed with each customer on an individual basis, which are generally under FCA INCOTERMS. Revenue from 
research and development contracts is recognised as revenue in the accounting period in which the milestones are achieved.

Revenue from grants

ii)  
Revenue  from  grants  is  recognised  when  the  costs  relating  to  the  project  activity  have  been  incurred,  the  customer  is  in 
agreement with the expenses which are being claimed as grant revenue, and subsequent invoices have been issued to the 
customers.

Long-term contracts

iii)  
The Group accounts for long-term contracts under IAS 11, and reflects revenue by reference to the stage of completion of the 
contract activity at the statement of financial position date. Revenue and profits are determined by estimating the outcome 
of the contract and determining the costs and profit attributable to the stage of completion. Any expected contract loss is 
recognised immediately.

Exclusivity contracts

iv) 
The Group reflects exclusivity payments as revenue at the point that it contractually agrees to become exclusive.  Where terms 
of exclusivity require performance the Group reflects the revenue as performance is delivered.

Interest revenue

v)  
Interest income is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the amount of revenue 
can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the 
effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected 
life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

35

 
KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

3. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (coNTINueD)

leases
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to 
the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

The Group as lessee
Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to income on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease except 
where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the lease asset are 
consumed. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

In the event that lease incentives are received to enter into operating leases, such incentives are recognised as a liability. The aggregate 
benefit of incentives is recognised as a reduction of rental expense on a straight-line basis, except where another systematic basis is 
more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

Finance leases are capitalised at the lease’s inception at the lower of the fair value of the leased asset and the present value of the 
minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in other payables. Each lease 
payment is allocated between the liability and finance charges so as to achieve a constant rate of interest costs charged to the income 
statement on the outstanding balance. 

Foreign currencies 
The individual results of each group company are presented in the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates 
(its functional currency). For the purpose of the consolidated financial statements, the results and financial position of each group 
company are expressed in pound sterling, which is the functional currency of the Company, and the presentation currency for the 
consolidated financial statements.

In  preparing  the  results  of  the  individual  companies,  transactions  in  currencies  other  than  the  entity’s  functional  currency  (foreign 
currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions. At each statement of financial position 
date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. 
Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date 
when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not 
retranslated.

Exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

For  the  purpose  of  presenting  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  Group’s  foreign  operations  are 
translated at exchange rates prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Income and expense items are translated at the 
average exchange rates for the period, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during that period, in which case the exchange 
rates at the date of transactions are used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognised in other comprehensive income and 
accumulated in equity. 

On  consolidation,  the  results  of  overseas  operations  are  translated  into  sterling  at  rates  approximating  to  those  ruling  when  the 
transactions  took  place.  All  assets  and  liabilities  of  overseas  operations,  including  goodwill  arising  on  the  acquisition  of  those 
operations, are translated at the rate ruling at the statement of financial position date. Exchange differences arising on translating the 
opening net assets at opening rate and the results of overseas operations at actual rate are recognised directly in other comprehensive 
income and are credited/(debited) to the retranslation reserve.

Government grants
Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attaching to 
them and that the grants will be received.

Government grants towards job creation and growth (RGF) costs are recognised as income over the periods necessary to match them 
with the related costs of creating those jobs. 

operating result
Operating loss is stated as loss before tax, finance income and costs and other gains and losses.

retirement benefit costs 
The Group operates a defined contribution pension scheme for employees.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due. For these schemes the 
assets of the schemes are held separately from those of the Group in independently administered funds. Payments made to state-
managed  retirement  benefit  schemes  are  dealt  with  as  payments  to  defined  contribution  schemes  where  the  Group’s  obligations 
under the schemes are equivalent to those arising in a defined contribution retirement benefit scheme.

36

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

3. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (coNTINueD) 

Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement except 
to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity.

Current tax

i)   
The tax credit is based on taxable loss for the year. Taxable loss differs from net loss as reported in the income statement 
because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that 
are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the statement of financial position date.

Deferred tax

ii)  
Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of 
taxable profit, and is accounted for using the statement of financial position liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally 
recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that 
taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are 
not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than 
in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting 
profit.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, 
and interests in joint ventures, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is 
probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each statement of financial position date and reduced to the extent 
that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is 
realised based on tax laws and rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the statement of financial position 
date. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited in other 
comprehensive income, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in other comprehensive income. Deferred tax assets 
and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and 
when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets 
and liabilities on a net basis.

property, plant and equipment
Fixtures and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment loss.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets (other than land and properties under construction) less 
their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method, on the following bases:

Plant and machinery 
Fixtures, fittings and equipment 
Computer equipment 

6% to 25%
15%
25%

The gain or loss arising on the disposal or scrappage of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the 
carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in income.

Internally-generated intangible assets – research and development expenditure
Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.

An  internally-generated  intangible  asset  arising  from  the  Group’s  product  development  is  recognised  only  if  all  of  the  following 
conditions are met:

  the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;
  its intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;
  its ability to use or sell the intangible asset; 
  how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits. Among other things, the entity can demonstrate 

the existence of a market for the output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself or, if it is to be used internally, 
the usefulness of the intangible asset.

  the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the 

intangible asset; and

  its ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

Research expenditure is written off as incurred. Development expenditure is also written off, except where the Directors are satisfied 
as to the technical, commercial and financial viability of individual projects. In such cases, the identifiable expenditure is deferred and 
37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

3. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (coNTINueD)

amortised over the period during which the Group is expected to benefit. This period normally equates to the life of the products the 
development expenditure relates to. Where expenditure relates to developments for use rather than direct sales of product the cost is 
amortised straight-line over a 2-15-year period. Provision is made for any impairment.

Amortisation of the intangible assets recognised on the acquisitions of Nova R&D, Inc. and eV Products, Inc. are recognised in the 
income statement on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of between five and fifteen years.

patents and trademarks
Patents and trademarks are measured initially at purchase cost and are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful 
lives. 

Impairment of tangible and intangible assets excluding goodwill
At each statement of financial position date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine 
whether  there  is  any  indication  that  those  assets  have  suffered  an  impairment  loss.  If  any  such  indication  exists,  the  recoverable 
amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where the asset does not generate cash flows 
that are independent from other assets, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the 
asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual 
CGUs, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of CGUs for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be 
identified. 

An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is an indication that the 
asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash 
flows are discounted to their present value using a post-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value 
of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or 
CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is 
carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is increased to the revised estimate 
of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been 
determined  had  no  impairment  loss  been  recognised  for  the  asset  (or  CGU)  in  prior  years.  A  reversal  of  an  impairment  loss  is 
recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the 
impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs comprise direct materials and, where applicable, direct 
labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is 
calculated in the statement of financial position at standard cost, which approximates to historical cost determined on a first in, first 
out basis. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred 
in marketing, selling and distribution. Work in progress costs are taken as production costs, which include an appropriate proportion 
of attributable overheads. 

Provision is made for obsolete, slow moving or defective items where appropriate. Items which have not shown activity for between 
12-18 months will be provided for at a rate of 50%, and those which have not shown activity in 18 months or longer will be provided 
for at a rate of 100% after consideration is given to the full or residual value where appropriate. Given the nature of the products and 
the gestation period of the technology, commercial rationale necessitates that this provision is reviewed on a case by case basis.

provisions for liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is more likely than 
not that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Such provisions 
are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the 
balance sheet date. The discount rate used to determine the present value reflects current market assessments of the time value of 
money. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position when the Group becomes a party 
to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets

i) 
All financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date where the purchase or sale of a financial asset is under a 
contract whose terms require delivery of the financial asset within the timeframe established by the market concerned, and are 
initially measured at fair value, plus transaction costs, except for those financial assets classified as at fair value through profit 
or loss, which are initially measured at fair value. 

38

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

3. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (coNTINueD) 

Financial assets are classified into the following specified category: ‘loans and receivables’. The classification depends on the 
nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at the time of initial recognition. The Group held no fair value 
through profit and loss (“FVTPL”), available for sale (“AFS”) or held-to-maturity (“HTM”) financial assets during the period.

Loans and receivables

ii) 
Trade  receivables,  loans,  and  other  receivables  that  have  fixed  or  determinable  payments  that  are  not  quoted  in  an  active 
market are classified as ‘loans and receivables’. Loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method, less any impairment. Interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate, except for short-
term receivables when the recognition of interest would be immaterial.

The Group interacts with other technology-based companies to obtain market penetration for its products. These arrangements 
initially require funding to allow for marketing of the Group’s products, with longer lead times for sale. As a consequence, the 
terms with these customers are not always on normal payment terms (30 to 60 days), and management confirm that it could 
take longer before recoverability of the cash on these sales.  

Impairment of financial assets 

iii)  
Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each statement of financial position 
date. Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after 
the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected. 

Derecognition of financial assets

iv)  
The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it 
transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Group 
neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, 
the Group recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Group 
retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Group continues to recognise 
the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

Financial liabilities and equity

v)  
Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the 
contractual arrangement. 

Equity instruments

vi)  
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. 
Equity instruments issued by the Group are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial liabilities 

vii)  
Financial liabilities are classified as ‘other financial liabilities’. The Group held no financial liabilities that would be classified as 
FVTPL.

viii)   Other financial liabilities 
Other  financial  liabilities,  including  borrowings,  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value,  net  of  transaction  costs.  Other  financial 
liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognised 
on an effective yield basis. 

The  effective  interest  method  is  a  method  of  calculating  the  amortised  cost  of  a  financial  liability  and  of  allocating  interest 
expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate method is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash 
payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount 
on initial recognition.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

ix)  
The Group derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Group’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or they 
expire.

Share-based payments
Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity 
instruments at the grant date and spread over the period during which the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options, 
which is based on a period of employment of three years from grant date. Details regarding the determination of the fair value of equity-
settled share-based transactions are set out in note 34.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the 
vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. The vesting date is determined based 
on the date an employee is granted options, usually three years from date of grant. At each statement of financial position date, the 
Group revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest as a result of the effect of non-market-based vesting 
conditions. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in profit or loss such that the cumulative expense 
reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to equity reserves.

39

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

3. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (coNTINueD)

cash
Cash, for the purposes of the statement of cash flows, comprises cash in hand and deposits repayable on demand, less overdrafts 
repayable on demand.

crITIcAl AccouNTING juDGemeNTS AND Key SourceS oF eSTImATIoN uNcerTAINTy

4. 
In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in note 3, the Directors are required to make judgements, 
estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The 
estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual 
results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in 
the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the 
revision affects both current and future periods.

critical judgements in applying the Group’s accounting policies
The following are the critical judgements that the Directors have made in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies and 
that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

Development costs
As described in note 3, the Group expenditure on development activities is capitalised if it meets the criteria as per IAS 38. 

These capitalised assets are amortised over the period during which the Group is expected to benefit. This period normally equates to 
the life of the products the development expenditure relates to. Where expenditure relates to developments for use rather than direct 
sales of product the cost is amortised over a 15-year period. Provision is made for any impairment. Where no internally-generated 
intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is expensed in the period in which it is incurred. 

Valuation of acquired intangible assets
Acquisitions may result in identifiable intangible assets such as customer relationships, supplier relationships, licences and technology 
being recognised. These are valued by professional valuation firms, using discounted cash flow methods which require the application 
of certain key judgments and estimates are required to be made in respect of discount rates and future cash flows.

recoverability of receivables
As disclosed in note 3, in order to obtain market penetration through technology-based customers, the Group recognises that normal 
payment terms from these customers may not be adhered to when assessing recoverability of receivables. This is as a result of the 
necessary marketing support that customers may require in promoting the products. Management have reassessed the recoverability 
at the balance sheet date and provided where appropriate. 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the statement of financial position date, 
that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial 
year are discussed below.

i)          Development costs
As  disclosed  in  note  16,  development  costs  are  capitalised  in  accordance  with  the  accounting  policy  noted  above.  Initial 
capitalisation of costs is based on management’s judgement that technological and economic feasibility is assessed, usually 
when a product development project has reached a defined milestone.

ii)         Impairment of non-financial assets 
The Group assesses whether there are any indicators of impairment as at the transition date and thereafter for all non-financial 
assets at each reporting date. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually and at other times when such indicators exist, such 
as negative cash flows and operating losses of subsidiaries. Other non-financial assets are tested for impairment when there 
are indicators that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
When value in use calculations are undertaken, management must estimate the expected future cash flows from the asset or 
cash generating unit and choose a suitable discount rate in order to calculate the present value of those cash flows.

iii)         Contract revenue        
This policy requires forecasts to be made of the outcomes of long-term contracts, which include assessments and judgements 
on  changes  in  expected  costs.  Ongoing  revenue  and  profit  recognition  is  also  dependent  on  contract  debtors  being  fully 
recoverable, which over the course of a multi-year contract requires ongoing monitoring and assessment. A change in the 
likelihood of recoverability could have a material impact on the results of the Group.

40

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

reVeNue

5. 
An analysis of the Group’s revenue is as follows:

continuing operations

Sales of goods and other services

Revenue from grants

Revenue from contract customers

Total revenue

Grant income

Other income

Total income

2017 
£’000

6,676

74

2,218

8,968

(15)

-

8,953

2016 
£’000

6,015

227

2,100

8,342

15

4

8,361

6.       operATING SeGmeNTS

products and services from which reportable segments derive their revenues

For management purposes, the Group is organised into two business units (USA and UK) and it is on these operating segments that 
the Group is providing disclosure.

The  chief  operating  decision  maker  is  the  Board  of  Directors  who  assess  performance  of  the  segments  using  the  following  key 
performance indicators: revenues, gross profit and operating profit. The amounts provided to the Board with respect to assets and 
liabilities are measured in a way consistent with the Financial Statements.

The turnover, profit on ordinary activities and net assets of the Group are attributable to one business segment, i.e. the development 
of digital colour x-ray imaging enabling direct materials identification, as well as developing a number of detection products in the 
industrial and consumer markets.

Analysis by geographical area
A geographical analysis of the Group’s revenue by destination is as follows:

United Kingdom

North America

Asia

Europe

Australasia

Total revenue

2017
£’000

931

4,455

3,276

296

10

8,968

2016
£’000

688

5,468

1,940

246

-

8,342

41

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

6.       operATING SeGmeNTS (coNTINueD)

A geographical analysis of the Group’s revenue by origin is as follows:

year ended 30 April 2017

UK Operations 
£’000

US Operations
£’000

Total for Group
£’000

revenue from sales
Revenue by segment:
-Sale of goods and services

-Revenue from grants

-Revenue from contract customers

Total sales by segment

Removal of inter-segment sales

Total external sales

Segment result – operating loss

Interest received

Interest expense

loss before tax

Tax credit

loss for the year

Reconciliation to EBITDA:

Net interest

Other operating income

Tax

Depreciation of PPE

Amortisation

Non-recurring other income

Share-based payment charge

eBITDA

other segment information

Property, plant and equipment additions

Depreciation of PPE

Intangible asset additions

Amortisation of intangible assets

Statement of financial position

Total assets

Total liabilities

42

4,515

74

349

4,938

(494)

4,444

(1,727)

5

(45)

(1,767)

710

(1,057)

40

15

(710)

324

923

-

48

(417)

107

324

2,051

923

35,993

(6,428)

3,794

-

1,869

5,663

(1,139)

4,524

(2,027)

-

-

(2,027)

-

(2,027)

-

-

-

438

494

-

51

8,309

74

2,218

10,601

(1,633)

8,968

(3,754)

5

(45)

(3,794)

710

(3,084)

40

15

(710)

762

1,417

-

99

(1,044)

(1,461)

154

437

2,456

494

13,952

(1,308)

261

761

4,507

1,417

49,945

(7,736)

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

6.       operATING SeGmeNTS (coNTINueD)

year ended 30 April 2016

UK Operations 
£’000

US Operations
£’000

Total for Group
£’000

revenue from sales
Revenue by segment:
-Sale of goods and services

-Revenue from grants

-Revenue from contract customers

Total sales by segment

Removal of inter-segment sales

Total external sales

Segment result – operating loss

Interest received

Interest expense

loss before tax

Tax credit

loss for the year

Reconciliation to EBITDA:

Net interest

Tax

Depreciation of PPE

Amortisation

Non-recurring other income

Share-based payment charge

3,993

227

568

4,788

(393)

4,395

(2,174)

1

(81)

(2,254)

856

(1,398)

80

(856)

314

449

(19)

166

2,974

-

1,532

4,506

(559)

3,947

(1,886)

-

(3)

(1,889)

1,136

(753)

3

(1,136)

395

379

-

-

6,967

227

2,100

9,294

(952)

8,342

(4,060)

1

(84)

(4,143)

1,992

(2,151)

83

(1,992)

709

828

(19)

166

eBITDA

(1,264)

(1,112)

(2,376)

other segment information

Property, plant and equipment additions

Depreciation of PPE

Intangible asset additions

Amortisation of intangible assets

Statement of financial position

Total assets

Total liabilities 

314

(314)

1,447

(449)

19,240

(4,163)

130

(395)

1,692

(379)

9,868

(291)

444

(709)

3,139

(828)

29,108

(4,454)

Inter-segment sales are charged on an arms-length basis.

No  other  additions  of  non-current  assets  have  been  recognised  during  the  year  other  than  property,  plant  and  equipment,  and 
intangible assets.

No impairment losses were recognised in respect of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets including goodwill.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Group’s accounting policies described in note 3. Segment 
(loss) represents the (loss) earned by each segment. This is the measure reported to the Group’s Chief Executive for the purpose of 
resource allocation and assessment of segment performance.

43

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

6.        operATING SeGmeNTS (coNTINueD)

revenues from major products and services

The Group’s revenues from its major products and services were as follows:

Product revenue

Research and development revenue

Consolidated revenue 

2017
£’000

6,671

2,297

8,968

2016
£’000

5,432

2,910

8,342

Information about major customers
Included in revenues arising from USA operations are revenues of approximately £1,869k (2016: £1,227k) which arose from a major 
customer. Included in revenues arising from UK operations are revenues of approximately £2,925k (2016: £3,047k) which arose from 
the Group’s largest customer.

7. 

loSS BeFore TAx For The yeAr 

Loss for the year has been arrived at after (crediting)/charging:

Net foreign exchange (gains)/losses

Research and development costs recognised as an expense

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Amortisation of internally-generated intangible assets

Cost of inventories recognised as expense

Staff costs (see note 9)

8. 

AuDITor’S remuNerATIoN

The analysis of the auditor’s remuneration is as follows:

Fees payable to the company’s auditor and their associates for 
other services to the Group

–The audit of the Company and its subsidiaries

Total audit fees

-   Audit-related assurance services

-   Taxation services

Total non-audit fees

Total

44

2017
£’000

(792)

3,520

762

1,417

4,534

6,638

2016
£’000

(304)

3,178

709

828

3,780

6,238

2017
£’000

2016
£’000

43

43

13

2

15

58

52

52

10

14

24

76

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

STAFF coSTS

9. 
The average monthly number of employees (excluding non-executive directors) was:

2017 
Number

2016 
Number

Directors (executive)

Research and development, production

Sales and marketing

Administration

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Pension scheme contributions

Share based payments

2

88

7

12

109

2017
£’000

5,592

526

421

99

6,638

2

86

10

13

111

2016
£’000

5,155

451

466

166

6,238

The total Directors’ emoluments (including non-executive directors) was £606k (2016: £713k). The aggregate value of contributions 
paid to money purchase pension schemes was £63k (2016: £46k) in respect of two directors (2016: two directors). 

The highest paid director received emoluments of £235k (2016: £224k) and amounts paid to money purchase pension schemes 
was £10k (2016: £16k). 

Key management compensation:

Wages and salaries and other short-term benefits

Social security costs

Pension scheme contributions

Share based payment expense

Key management comprise the Executive Directors and senior operational staff.

10.      FINANce INcome

Bank deposits

Total finance income

2017
£’000

1,047

187

134

81

1,449

2017 
£’000

5

5

2016
£’000

1,177

205

92

149

1,623

2016 
£’000

1

1

45

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

11. 

FINANce coSTS

Interest on bank overdrafts, loans and borrowings

Total interest expense

TAx

12. 
recognised in the income statement

Current tax credit:

UK corporation tax on losses in the year

Adjustment in respect of previous periods

Foreign taxes paid

Total current tax

Deferred tax:

Origination and reversal of timing differences

Adjustment in respect of previous periods

Total deferred tax

Total tax credit in income statement

2017 
£’000

45

45

2017 
£’000

596

114

-

710

-

-

-

710

Corporation tax is calculated at 19.9%  (2016: 20%) of estimated taxable loss for the year. Taxation for other jurisdictions is 
calculated at the rates prevailing in the respective jurisdictions.

reconciliation of tax credit
The charge for the year can be reconciled to the profit in the income statement as follows:

Loss before tax

Tax at the UK corporation tax rate of 19.918% (2016: 20.0%)

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

Effect of R&D

Rate differences effect of R&D

Income not taxable

Unrecognised movement on deferred tax

Effects of other tax rates/credits

Effects of overseas tax rates

  Adjustment in respect of previous periods

Unrelieved tax losses arising in the period

Fixed asset timing differences

Total tax credit for the year

2017 
£’000

3,794

755

(29)

833

-

89

(71)

-

-

114

(897)

(84)

710

Further details of deferred tax are given in note 23. There are no tax items charged to other comprehensive income.

46

2016 
£’000

84

84

2016 
£’000

811

45

(11)

845

1,298

(151)

1,147

1,992

2016
£’000

4,143

829

(40)

1,049

(307)

2

(156)

722

11

(118)

-

-

1,992

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

12. 

TAx (coNTINueD)

The rate of corporation tax for the year has remained at 20%. Finance (No.2) Act 2015 reduced the rate from 20% to 19% (with 
effect from 1 April 2017) and to 18% (with effect from 1 April 2020). The 2020 rate was further reduced to 17% by Finance Act 
2016. Accordingly, deferred tax has been provided in line with the rates at which temporary differences are expected to reverse. 

There is a potential deferred tax asset on excess tax deductions arising from share-based payments on exercise of share options 
of £1,091k (2016: £1,259k). The asset has not been recognised as it is not considered probable that there will be future profits 
available. 

DIVIDeNDS

13. 
The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2016: £nil). 

loSSeS per ShAre

14. 
The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following data:

losses

Losses for the purposes of basic and diluted losses per share being net 
losses attributable to owners of the Group

Number of shares

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic 
losses per share

Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares:

   Share options

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of diluted 
losses per share

Basic (p)

Diluted (p)

2017 
£’000

(3,084)

2017
Number

2016 
£’000

(2,151)

2016
Number

174,572,586

141,337,174

3,564,858

6,249,111

178,137,445

147,586,285

2017 

(1.8)

(1.7)

2016 

(1.5)

(1.5)

47

 
 
KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

15.  GooDwIll

cost

At 1 May 2016

At 30 April 2017

Accumulated impairment losses

At 1 May 2016

At 30 April 2017

carrying amount

At 30 April 2017

At 30 April 2016

£’000

1,275

1,275

-

-

1,275

1,275

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated, at acquisition, to the cash generating units (CGUs) that are expected to 
benefit from that business combination. Before recognition of impairment losses, the carrying amount of goodwill had been allocated 
as follows:

US operations

2017
£’000

1,275

2016
£’000

1,275

The goodwill arose on the acquisition of NOVA R&D, Inc. in 2010, and represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration given 
over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired. 

Goodwill has been allocated to Kromek USA (a combination of eV Products and NOVA R&D Inc.) as a cash generating unit (CGU). This 
is reported in note 6 within the segmental analysis of the US operations. 

The  Group  tests  goodwill  annually  for  impairment  or  more  frequently  if  there  are  indications  that  goodwill  might  be  impaired,  by 
comparing the net book value of the goodwill and non-current assets for the CGU to its value in use on a discounted cash flow basis.

The recoverable amount has been determined on a value in use basis on each cash-generating unit using the management approved 5 
year forecasts for each cash-generating unit. The base 5-year projection is year-on-year growth over the next 5 years, with overheads 
remaining relatively stable. The growth rate of the CGU is expected to be 35% in Year 1, 26% in Year 2, 129% in Year 3, 37% in Year 
4 and 0% in Year 5. These cash flows are then discounted at the Company’s weighted average cost of capital of 11.5% (2016: 15%).

Based on the results of the current year impairment review, no impairment charges have been recognised by the Group in the year 
ended  30  April  2017  (2016:  £nil).  Management  have  considered  various  sensitivity  analyses  in  order  to  appropriately  evaluate  the 
carrying value of goodwill. 

Having  assessed  the  anticipated  future  cash  flows  the  Directors  do  not  consider  there  to  be  any  reasonably  possible  changes  in 
assumptions that would lead to such an impairment charge in the year ended 30 April 2017. For illustrative purposes, a compound 
reduction in revenue of 10% in each of years 1-5 whilst holding overheads constant would not affect the conclusion of the review.

The Directors have reviewed the recoverable amount of the CGU and do not consider there to be any indication of impairment in 2017 
or 2016.

48

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

16.  oTher INTANGIBle ASSeTS

cost

At 1 May 2016

Additions

Transfer to property, plant and equipment

Exchange differences

At 30 April 2017

Amortisation

At 1 May 2016

Charge for the year

Exchange differences

At 30 April 2017

carrying amount 
At 30 April 2017

At 30 April 2016

Development 
costs
£’000

Patents,
trademarks & 
other intangibles
£’000

8,377

4,187

(20)

396

12,940

485

748

84

1,317

11,623

7,892

5,660

320

-

305

6,285

2,330

669

85

3,084

3,201

3,330

Total
£’000

14,037

4,507

(20)

701

19,225

2,815

1,417

169

4,401

14,824

11,222

Following the Amended Clarification of Acceptable Methods of Amortisation effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2016, the Group now amortise the capitalised development costs on a straight-line basis over a period of 2-15 years 
rather than against product sales directly relating to the development expenditure. Provision is made for any impairment.

Patents and trademarks are amortised over their estimated useful lives, which is on average 10 years.

Other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives arose as part of the acquisitions of NOVA R&D, Inc., in June 2010 and eV Products, 
Inc., in February 2013. The recoverable amounts of these assets have been calculated on a value in use basis at both 30 April 2017 
and 30 April 2016. These calculations use cash flow projections based on financial forecasts and appropriate long-term growth rates. 
To prepare value in use calculations, the cash flow forecasts are discounted back to present value using a pre-tax discount rate of 
11.5% (2016: 15%) and a flat terminal value growth from 2021. The Directors have reviewed the recoverable amount of these indefinite 
useful life assets and do not consider there to be any indication of impairment.

The carrying amounts of the acquired intangible assets arising on the acquisitions of NOVA R&D, Inc. and eV Products, Inc. as at the 
30 April 2017 was £1,521k (2016: £1,681k), with amortisation to be charged over the remaining useful lives of these assets which is 
between 3 and 13 years.

The amortisation charge on intangible assets is included in administrative expenses in the consolidated income statement.

49

 
KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

17. 

properTy, plANT AND equIpmeNT

Computer 
Equipment
£’000

Plant and 
machinery
£’000

Fixtures and
fittings
£’000

cost or valuation

At 1 May 2016

Additions

Transfer from development costs

Exchange differences

At 30 April 2017

Accumulated depreciation and 
impairment

At 1 May 2016

Charge for the year

Exchange differences

At 30 April 2017

carrying amount

At 30 April 2017

At 30 April 2016

765

63

-

20

848

548

62

7

617

231

217

7,358

161

20

358

7,897

3,660

680

148

4,488

3,409

3,698

198

17

-

7

222

139

20

5

164

58

59

Total
£’000

8,321

241

20

385

8,967

4,347

762

160

5,269

3,698

3,974

Assets held under finance leases with a net book value of £40k (2016: £39k) are included in the above table within plant and 
machinery.

SuBSIDIArIeS

18. 
A list of the subsidiaries, including the name, country of incorporation, and proportion of ownership interest is given in note 3 to the 
Company’s separate financial statements.

19. 

INVeNTorIeS

Raw materials

Work-in-progress

Finished goods

2017
£’000

1,846

1,132

226

3,204

2016
£’000

1,208

1,142

460

2,810

The cost of inventories recognised as an expense during the year in respect of continuing operations was £4,534k (2016: £3,780k). 

The write-down of inventories to net realisable value amounted to £nil (2016: £17k). The reversal of write-downs amounted to £2k 
(2016: £138k). The partial release of the write-downs was because of a revised estimate of the net realisable value of certain inventory 
lines based upon actual sales made of the inventory during the period.

50

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

20. 

AmouNTS recoVerABle oN coNTrAcTS

contracts in progress at the balance sheet date:

Amounts due from contract customers included in trade and other receivables

Contract costs incurred plus recognised profits less recognised losses to date

Less: progress billings

21. 

TrADe AND oTher receIVABleS

Amount receivable for the sale of goods

Amounts recoverable on contracts (see note 20)

Other receivables

Prepayments

Current tax assets

2017
£’000

3,139

3,139

3,139

-

3,139

2017
£’000

2,304

3,139

183

379

596

6,601

2016
£’000

1,240

1,240

1,907

(667)

1,240

2016
£’000

3,386

1,240

275

258

811

5,970

Trade receivables
Trade receivables disclosed above are classified as loans and receivables and are therefore measured at amortised cost.

The average credit period taken on sales of goods is 41 days. The Group initially recognises an allowance for doubtful debts of 100% 
against receivables over 120 days. However, this is subject to management override where there is evidence of recoverability, most 
notably, where specific support is being provided to strategic partners in the marketing of new products. 

Before accepting any new customer, the Group uses an external credit scoring system to assess the potential customer’s credit quality 
and defines credit limits by customer. 

The Group does not hold any collateral or other credit enhancements over any of its trade receivables, with the exception of stock 
recovered from customers in respect of the doubtful debts disclosed below.

Ageing of past due but not impaired receivables at the statement of financial position date was:

31-60 days 

61-90 days

91-120 days

121+ days

Total

2017
£’000

50

12

15

48

125

2016
£’000

75

102

33

737

947

In determining the recoverability of a trade receivable, the Group considers any change in the credit quality of the trade receivable from 
the date credit was initially granted up to the reporting date. 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables is approximately equal to their fair value.

51

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

21. 

TrADe AND oTher receIVABleS (coNTINueD)

Ageing of impaired receivables at the statement of financial position date was:

31-60 days 

61-90 days

91-120 days

121+ days

Total

2017
£’000

-

-

-

667

667

2016
£’000

-

-

-

793

793

Of the £667k of debtors at 121+ days a cumulative provision totalling £435k for doubtful debts has been made at 30 April 2017 as 
noted below. 

At 30 April 2017, trade receivables are shown net of an allowance for doubtful debts of £435k (2016: £408k) arising from the ordinary 
course of business, as follows:

Balance at 1 May 2016

Provided during the year

Impact of foreign exchange

Balance at 30 April 2017

Doubtful debt exposure

2017
£’000

408

-

28

435

2017
£’000

232

2016
£’000

252

156

408

2016
£’000

385

The doubtful debt provision records impairment losses unless the Group is satisfied that no recovery of the amount owing is possible, 
at which point the amounts considered irrecoverable are written off against the trade receivables directly. During the year the Group 
received £180k in respect of the trade debtors that are shown net of an allowance for doubtful debts. In effect, the net exposure of 
doubtful debts has fallen by £153k (net of foreign exchange) with the vast majority of the doubtful debts covered by stock held at the 
Group’s premises until the full amount is settled. The stock was initially delivered to the customers but taken back by the Group after 
late payment of the debt. Despite the improved position and positive developments in the year, the Directors have prudently decided 
not to release any of the doubtful debt provision in the year. Further to this, Kromek has a commitment of £100k from one of the 
doubtful debtors, of which the first £25k tranche was received on 21 June 2017.

52

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

22.      FINANce leASe lIABIlITIeS

Finance lease liabilities are payable as follows:

Amounts payable under finance leases:

Within one year

In the second to fifth years inclusive

Less: future finance charges

Present value of lease obligations

Analysed as:

Amounts due for settlement within 12 months (shown under current liabilities)

Amounts due for settlement after 12 months

minimum lease payments

2017
£’000

2016
£’000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9

-

9

-

9

9

-

9

It is the Group’s policy to lease certain of its fixtures and equipment under finance leases. The average lease term is 2 years. For the 
year ended 30 April 2017, the average effective borrowing rate was 0.82% (2016: 0.82%). Interest rates are fixed at the contract date. 
All leases are on a fixed repayment basis and no arrangements have been entered into for contingent rental payments. 

All lease obligations are denominated in sterling.

The fair value of the Group’s lease obligations is approximately equal to their carrying amount.

23.      DeFerreD TAx lIABIlITIeS
The following are the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the Group and movements thereon during the current and 
prior reporting period.

At 1 May 2016

(Credit)/charge to profit or loss

At 30 April 2017

Revaluation of 
intangibles
£’000

Accelerated 
capital 
allowances
£’000

Short term 
timing 
differences
£’000

1,220

(147)

1,073

680

193

873

(17)

1

(16)

Tax
losses
£’000

(1,883)

(47)

(1,930)

Total
£’000

-

-

-

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where the Group has a legally enforceable right to do so. The following is the analysis of 
the deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes:

Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax assets

2017
£’000

1,930

(1,930)

-

2016
£’000

1,883

(1,883)

-

At the statement of financial position date, the Group has unused tax losses of £20,991k (2016: £15,722k) available for offset against 
future profits. A deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of £6,763k (2016: £6,717k) of such losses. The asset is considered 
recoverable because it can be offset to reduce future tax liabilities arising in the Group. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in 
respect of the remaining £14,228k (2016: £9,005k) as it is not considered probable that there will be future taxable profits available.  
All losses may be carried forward indefinitely subject to a significant change in the nature of the Group’s trade with US losses having 
a maximum life of 20 years.

53

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

24.      TrADe AND oTher pAyABleS

Trade payables and accruals

Deferred income

2017
£’000

3,557

1,010

4,567

2016
£’000

3,582

863

4,445

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. The average credit 
period taken for trade purchases is 64 days. For all suppliers, no interest is charged on the trade payables. The Group has financial 
risk management policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid within the pre-agreed credit terms.

Deferred income relates to government grants received which have been deferred until the conditions attached to the grants are met.

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their fair value.

25.      proVISIoNS For lIABIlITIeS

At 1 May 2016 

Charge to profit or loss

At 30 April 2017

2017
£’000

-

169

169

2016
£’000

-

-

-

During  the  year,  the  company  was  given  notice  on  one  of  its  sites.  A  provision  has  been  made  based  upon  management’s  best 
estimates and ability to measure the likely costs that may be incurred restoring the building back to its original state. However, due 
to uncertainty around timing or precise amount, the transaction satisfies the criteria of IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and 
Contingent Assets.  

26.      BorrowINGS

Secured borrowing at amortised cost

Revolving credit facility

Finance lease liabilities (see note 22)

Total borrowings

Amount due for settlement within 12 months

Amount due for settlement after 12 months

2017
£’000

3,000

-

3,000

3,000

-

2016
£’000

-

9

9

9

-

In  February  2017,  the  Group  agreed  a  24-month  facility  with  its  bank  for  a  £3m  revolving  credit  facility.  This  facility  is  secured  by 
a debenture and a composite guarantee across the Group. The terms of the revolving credit facility are a nominal interest rate of 
LIBOR+2.5% and a repayment term of six months from date of drawdown. The fair value equates to the carrying value.

The borrowings are secured by a floating charge over the Group’s assets.

Finance  lease  liabilities  are  secured  by  the  assets  leased.  The  borrowings  are  at  a  fixed  interest  rate  with  repayment  periods  not 
exceeding five years.

54

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

26.      BorrowINGS (coNTINueD)

The weighted average interest rates paid during the year were as follows:

Revolving credit facility

Finance lease liabilities

2017
%

3.10

0.82

27.  DerIVATIVeS FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS AND heDGe AccouNTING

At 30 April 2017 and 30 April 2016 the Group had no derivatives in place for cash flow hedging purposes.

28. 

ShAre cApITAl

Authorised, allotted, called up and fully paid:

152,211,082 (2016: 108,173,290) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

106,884,536 (2016: 44,037,792) Ordinary shares issued at £0.01 each

Total 259,095,618 (2016: 152,211,082) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

During the year 1,755,000 shares (2016: 567,200) were allotted under EMI share option schemes.

2017
£’000

1,522

1,069

2,591

29. 

ShAre premIum AccouNT 

Balance at 1 May 2016

Premium arising on issue of equity shares

Expenses on issue of equity shares

Balance at 30 April 2017

30. 

TrANSlATIoN reSerVe

Balance at 1 May 2016

Exchange differences on translating the net assets of foreign operations

Balance at 30 April 2017

2016
%

3.10

0.82

2016
£’000

1,082

440

1,522

£’000

44,484

19,983

(1,197)

63,270

£’000

72

685

757

Exchange differences relating to the translation of the net assets of the Group’s foreign operations, which relate to subsidiaries only, 
from their functional currency into the parent’s functional currency, being sterling, are recognised directly in the translation reserve.

55

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

31.       AccumulATeD loSSeS

Balance at 1 May 2016

Net loss for the year

Effect of share-based payment credit

Balance at 30 April 2017

32.  NoTeS To The cASh Flow STATemeNT

Loss for the year

Adjustments for:

Finance income

Finance costs

Income tax credit

Government grants credit

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Amortisation of intangible assets

Share-based payment expense

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital

Increase in inventories

Increase in receivables

Increase in payables

Increase in provisions

Cash used in operations

Income taxes received

Net cash used in operating activities

cash and cash equivalents

Cash and bank balances

£’000

(22,599)

(3,084)

99

(25,584)

2016 
£’000

(2,151)

(1)

84

(1,992)

(15)

709

828

166

(2,372)

(707)

(1,070)

302

-

(3,847)

1,002

(2,845)

2016 
£’000

3,857

2017 
£’000

(3,084)

(5)

45

(710)

-

762

1,417

99

(1,476)

(394)

(846)

122

169

(2,425)

925

(1,500)

2017 
£’000

20,343

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, net of 
outstanding bank overdrafts. The carrying amount of these assets is approximately equal to their fair value.

56

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

33.  operATING leASe ArrANGemeNTS

The Group as lessee

Lease payments under operating leases  
recognised as an expense in the year

2017 
£’000

532

2016 
£’000

516

At the statement of financial position date, the Group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-
cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

Within one year

In the second to fifth years inclusive

2017 
£’000

528

590

1,118

2016 
£’000

509

595

1,104

Operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the Group for certain of its office properties. Leases are negotiated for an 
average term of 5 years.

At 30 April 2017 and 2016, the Group had no capital commitments or contingencies. 

34. 

ShAre BASeD pAymeNTS

equity-settled share option scheme
The Company has a share option scheme (EMI scheme) for all employees of the Group. Options are exercisable at a price equal to the 
average quoted market price of the Company’s shares on the date of grant. The average vesting period is three years. If the options 
remain unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of grant the options expire. Options are forfeited if the employee leaves 
the Group before the options vest.

Details of the share options outstanding during the year are as follows.

Number of share 
options

2017
weighted average 
exercise price (£)

Outstanding at beginning of the year

Granted during the year

Exercised during the year

Forfeited during the year

Outstanding at the end of the year

Exercisable at the end of the year

12,505,010

142,400

(1,755,000)

(377,540)

10,514,870

10,231,570

0.16

0.30

0.015

0.24

0.16

0.16

Number of share 
options

12,788,016

567,200

(25,000)

(825,206)

12,505,010

11,412,010

2016
Weighted average 
exercise price (£)

0.16

0.28

0.015

0.26

0.16

0.16

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for share options exercised during the year was £0.27 (2016: £0.31). The 
options outstanding at 30 April 2017 had a weighted average exercise price of £0.16 (2016: £0.16) and a weighted average remaining 
contractual life of five years (2016: six years). The range of exercise prices for outstanding share options at 30 April 2017 was 1.5p to 
79p (2016: 1.5p to 79p). In 2017, the aggregate of the estimated fair values of the options granted is £15k (2016: £38k). The inputs 
into the Black-Scholes model are as follows:

Weighted average share price

Weighted average exercise price

Expected volatility

Expected life

Risk-free rate

Expected dividend yields

2017

31p

30p

36.42%

 6 years

0.46

0%

2016

32p

12p

35.56%

6 years

0.44

0%

57

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

34. 

ShAre BASeD pAymeNTS (coNTINueD)

Expected  volatility  was  determined  by  calculating  the  historical  volatility  of  similar  listed  businesses  over  the  previous  three  years. 
The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, 
exercise restrictions, and behavioural considerations.

The Group recognised total expenses of £99k (2016: £166k) related to equity-settled share-based payment transactions.

The Kromek Group plc 2013 long Term Incentive plan

On 10 October 2013, a new Long Term Incentive Plan was adopted. Under the plan, awards will be made annually to key employees. 
Subject to the satisfaction of the required TSR performance criteria, these grants will vest evenly over a three-year reporting period, 
with the first having ended on 30 April 2014, and the remainder on subsequent year end dates. 

On 07 January 2017 1,875,066 options were granted under the 2013 LTIP to a number of key employees, including two executive 
directors of the Group. The fair value of these options granted was £79k (2016: £140k). The amounts recognised as a share-based 
payment expense for the year ended 30 April 2017 was £71k (2016: £140k).  

The 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan award was valued using the Monte Carlo pricing model. The inputs into the Monte Carlo pricing 
model are as follows:

Weighted average share price

Weighted average exercise price

Expected volatility

Expected life

Risk-free rate

Expected dividend yields

2017

22p

1p

35.00%

 3 years

0.32

0%

2016

35p

1p

35.12%

3 years

0.32

0%

35. 

reTIremeNT BeNeFIT SchemeS

Defined contribution schemes
The Group operates defined contribution retirement benefit schemes for all employees. Where there are employees who leave the 
schemes prior to vesting fully in the contributions, the contributions payable by the Group are reduced by the amount of forfeited 
contributions.

The employees of the Group’s subsidiaries in the United States of America are members of a state-managed retirement benefit scheme 
operated by the government of the United States of America. The subsidiaries are required to contribute a specified percentage of 
payroll costs to the retirement benefit scheme to fund the benefits. The only obligation of the Group with respect to the retirement 
benefit scheme is to make the specified contributions. 

The total cost charged to income of £421k (2016: £466k) represents contributions payable to these schemes by the Group at rates 
specified in the rules of the schemes. As at 30 April 2017, contributions of £23k (2016: £30k) due in respect of the current reporting 
period had not been paid over to the scheme.

36. 

FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS

Financial Instruments
The Group’s principal financial instruments are cash and trade receivables. 

The Group has exposure to the following risks from its operations:

capital risk 
The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as going concerns while maximising the 
return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The Group’s overall strategy has remained unchanged 
between 2016 and 2017.

The capital structure of the Group consists of net debt, which includes the borrowings disclosed in note 26 after deducting cash and 
cash  equivalents,  and  equity  attributable  to  equity  holders  of  the  Company,  comprising  issued  capital,  reserves  and  accumulated 
losses as disclosed in notes 27 to 31. 

The Group is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

The Group’s primary source of capital is equity. By pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk and focusing 
on the effective collection of cash from customers, the Group aims to maximise revenues and operating cash flows. 

58

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

36. 

FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS (coNTINueD)

capital risk (continued)
Cash  flow  is  further  controlled  by  ongoing  justification,  monitoring  and  reporting  of  capital  investment  expenditures  and  regular 
monitoring and reporting of operating costs. Working capital fluctuations are managed through employing the revolving credit facility 
available, which at the year-end was £3.0m (2016: £nil). Details of the revolving credit facility have been included in note 26.

The Group considers that the current capital structure will provide sufficient flexibility to ensure that appropriate investment can be 
made, if required, to implement and achieve the longer-term growth strategy of the Group. 

market risk
The Group may be affected by general market trends, which are unrelated to the performance of the Group itself. The Group’s success 
will depend on market acceptance of the Group’s products and there can be no guarantee that this acceptance will be forthcoming.

Market opportunities targeted by the Group may change and this could lead to an adverse effect upon its revenue and earnings.

Foreign currency risk 
The  Group’s  operations  are  split  between  the  UK  and  the  US,  and  as  a  result  the  Group  incurs  costs  in  currencies  other  than 
its  presentational  currency  of  pound  sterling.  The  Group  also  holds  cash  and  cash  equivalents  in  non-sterling  denominated  bank 
accounts.

The following table shows the denomination of the year end cash and cash equivalents balance: 

£ sterling

US$ sterling equivalent

€ sterling equivalent

2017 
£’000

22,783

(2,832)

393

2016 
£’000

4,180

(657)

333

Had the foreign exchange rate between sterling, US$ and € changed by 11% (2016: 5%), this would affect the loss for the year and 
net assets of the Group by £208k (2016: £16k). 11% is considered a reasonable assessment of foreign exchange movement as this 
has been the movement noted between 2016 and 2017. 

credit risk 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. The 
Group has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral where appropriate, as 
a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Group only transacts with entities that are rated the equivalent of 
investment grade and above. This information is supplied by independent rating agencies where available, and if not available, the 
Group uses other publicly available financial information and its own trading records to rate its major customers. The Group’s exposure 
and the credit ratings of its counterparties are continuously monitored and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is spread 
amongst approved counterparties. Credit exposure is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by the risk 
management committee annually. 

Trade receivables consist of a small number of customers, spread across diverse industries and geographical areas. Ongoing credit 
evaluation is performed on the financial condition of accounts receivable.

The Group’s standard credit terms are 30 to 60 days from date of invoice. Invoices greater than 60 days old are assessed as overdue. 
The maximum exposure to credit risk is the carrying value of each financial asset included on the statement of financial position as 
summarised in note 21.

The Group’s management considers that all the above financial assets that are not impaired or past due for each of the reporting dates 
under review are of good quality.

liquidity risk
Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors, which has established an appropriate liquidity 
risk management framework for the management of the Group’s short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity management 
requirements. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, 
by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. 

The following table details the Group’s remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed repayment 
periods. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on the earliest date on 
which the Group can be required to pay. The table includes both interest and principal cash flows. The contractual maturity is based 
on the earliest date on which the Group may be required to pay.

59

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

36. 

FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS (coNTINueD)

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest rate
%

-

3.1

3.1

Less than 1 
month
£’000

1-3 months
£’000

3 months to 
1 year
£’000

1-5 years
£’000

5+ years
£’000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,000

3,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total
£’000

-

3,000

3,000

1 may 2016

Revolving credit facility

30 April 2017

Significant accounting policies
Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted (including the criteria for recognition, the basis of measurement 
and the bases for recognition of income and expenses) for each class of financial asset, financial liability and equity instrument are 
disclosed in note 3.

categories of financial instruments

Financial assets

Cash and bank balances 

Loans and receivables 

Financial liabilities

Amortised cost 

2017 
£’000

20,343

5,626

2016 
£’000

3,587

4,901

(4,736)

(4,455)

37.      relATeD pArTy TrANSAcTIoNS
Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation 
and are not disclosed in this note. Transactions between the Group and its related parties are disclosed below.  

During the year, the Group were charged a fee of £100k (2016: nil) from Polymer N2 Limited, as an equitable resolution relating to 
commitments at the time of the IPO in 2013. Polymer N2 Limited is a company under the control of the one of the Group’s non-
executive Directors and shareholder, Graeme Speirs. At 30 April 2017 the balance outstanding in respect of this fee was £100k (2016: 
nil) and was subsequently paid on 24 May 2017.  

Director’s transactions
Other than those disclosed within this note and the shareholding transaction with directors noted in the Directors Report, there have 
been no other transactions with related parties. 

60

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Company statement of financial position

As at the year ended 30 April 2017

Non-current assets

Investment in subsidiaries

current assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Total liabilities

Net assets 

equity

Share capital

Share premium account

Accumulated losses

Total equity

3

5

6

7

11

12

13

2017 
£’000

-

-

39,607

7,778

47,385

47,385

(352)

(3,000)

(3,352)

44,033

2,591

42,592

(1,150)

44,033

 2016 
£’000

-

-

16,747

8,036

24,783

24,783

(129)

-

(129)

24,654

1,522

23,806

(674)

24,654

The loss for the year was £476k (2016: loss £414k).

The financial statements of Kromek Group plc (registered number 08661469) were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised 
for issue on 27 June 2017. They were signed on its behalf by:

Dr Arnab Basu mBe

Chief Executive Officer

61

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Company statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 30 April 2017

equity attributable to equity holders of the company

Share capital
£’000

Share premium
account
£’000

Accumulated
 losses 
£’000

Total 
equity
              £’000

Balance at 1 may 2015

Loss for the year and total comprehensive losses 
for the year

Issue of share capital net of expenses

Balance at 30 April 2016

Loss for the year and total comprehensive loss 
for the year

Issue of share capital net of expenses

Balance at 30 April 2017

1,082

-

440

1,522

-

1,069

2,591

13,965

-

9,841

23,806

-

18,786

42,592

(260)

(414)

-

(674)

(476)

-

(1,150)

14,787

(414)

10,281

24,654

(476)

19,855

44,033

62

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Company statement of cash flows

For the year ended 30 April 2017

Net cash used in operating activities

10

Financing activities

Net proceeds from issue of share capital

Loans made to Group companies

Loans paid

Revolving credit facility

Net interest paid

Net cash from financing activities

Net (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

cash and cash equivalents at end of year

2017 
£’000

(181)

19,855

(22,874)

-

3,000

(58)

(77)

(258)

8,036

7,778

2016 
£’000

(586)

10,281

(1,649)

(1,003)

-

(35)

7,594

7,008

1,028

8,036

63

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the company financial statements

For the year ended 30 April 2017

1.        SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS
The separate financial statements of the company are presented as required by the Companies Act 2006.  As permitted by that Act, 
the separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) adopted 
by the European Union.

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the remeasurement of certain financial instruments 
to fair value. The principal accounting policies adopted are the same as those set out in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements 
except as noted below.

Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less, where appropriate, provisions for impairment.

The Company’s financial statements are included in the consolidated financial statements of Kromek Group plc.  Accordingly, the 
Company has taken advantage of the exemption from publishing an income statement, and the losses for the Company are shown 
within the Company Statement of Financial Position. 

2.        AuDITor’S remuNerATIoN

The auditor’s remuneration for audit and other services is disclosed in note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

3.        SuBSIDIArIeS
Details of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries as at 30 April 2017 are as follows:

Name

Kromek Limited (Direct)

Place of incorporation
(or registration) and operation

NETPark, Sedgefield, 
TS21 3FD, United Kingdom

Kromek Germany Limited 
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

NETPark, Sedgefield, 
TS21 3FD, United Kingdom

Kromek, Inc. 
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

NOVA R&D, Inc. 
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

eV Products, Inc. 
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

373 Saxonburg Blvd, 
Saxonburg, PA 16056, 
United States of America

833 Marlborough Avenue, 
Riverside CA 92507, 
United States of America

373 Saxonburg Blvd,
Saxonburg, PA 16056, 
United States of America

Durham Scientific Crystals Limited
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

NETPark, Sedgefield, 
TS21 3FD, United Kingdom

Class of 
shares 
held

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Proportion
of ownership 
interest %

100

100

100

100

100

100

Activity
%

Scientific research and 
development

Sales and marketing

Holding company

Scientific research and 
development

Scientific research and 
development

Dormant company

The Company owns 100% of the share capital in Kromek Limited. Kromek Limited owns 100% of the share capital in Kromek Inc. 
and 100% of the share capital in Kromek (Germany) Limited. Kromek Inc. owns 100% of the share capital in eV Products Inc. and 
NOVA R&D Inc.

The investments in subsidiaries are all stated at cost.

4. 

STAFF coSTS

The average monthly number of employees (excluding non-executive directors) was:

2017 
£’000

2016 
£’000

Research and development, production

Sales and marketing

Administration

64

2

1

2

5

2

2

2

6

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

4. 

STAFF coSTS (coNTINueD)

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Pension scheme contributions

5. 

TrADe AND oTher receIVABleS

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings

Prepayments

Other receivables

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings are unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.

6.       TrADe AND oTher pAyABleS

Trade payables and accruals

Social security and other taxation

2017 
£’000

385

49

79

513

2017 
£’000

2016 
£’000

275

34

60

369

2016 
£’000

39,603

16,729

4

-

12

6

39,607

16,747

2017 
£’000

315

37

352

2016 
£’000

113

16

129

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. The average credit 
period taken for trade purchases is 30 days. For all suppliers no interest is charged on the trade payables. The Group has financial risk 
management policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid within the pre-agreed credit terms.

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their fair value.

7.        BorrowINGS
Details regarding the borrowings of the Company are disclosed in note 26 to the consolidated financial statements.

FINANcIAl ASSeTS

8. 
Intercompany balances
The carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value. There are no past due or impaired receivable balances.

cash and cash equivalents
These  comprise  cash  held  by  the  Company  and  short-term  bank  deposits  with  an  original  maturity  of  three  months  or  less.  The 
carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value.

65

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

FINANcIAl lIABIlITIeS

9. 
Trade and other payables
Trade payables principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. The average credit period taken 
for trade purchases is 30 days.

The carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their fair value.

10.        NoTeS To The STATemeNT oF cASh FlowS

Loss for the year

Adjustments for:

Finance costs

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital

Decrease/(increase) in receivables

Increase in payables

Net cash from operating activities

11.      ShAre cApITAl

Allotted, called up and fully paid:

152,211,082 (2016: 108,173,290) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

106,884,536 (2016: 44,037,792) Ordinary shares issued at £0.01

Total 259,095,618 (2016: 152,211,082) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

12.      ShAre premIum AccouNT

Balance at 1 May 2016

Premium arising on issue of equity shares

Expenses arising on issue of equity shares

Balance at 30 April 2017

13.      AccumulATeD loSSeS

Balance at 1 May 2016

Net loss for the year

Balance at 30 April 2017

66

2017 
£’000

(476)

58

(418)

14

223

(181)

2017 
£’000

1,522

1,069

2,591

2016 
£’000

(414)

36

(378)

(304)

96

(586)

2016 
£’000

1,082

440

1,522

2017 
£’000

23,806

19,983

(1,197)

42,592

£’000

(674)

(476)

(1,150)

 
KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

14.      FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS
The Company’s principal financial instruments are cash and trade receivables. 

The Company has exposure to the following risks from its operations:

capital risk 
The Company manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Company will be able to continue as going concerns while maximising 
the return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. 

The capital structure of the Company consists of equity attributable to equity holders of the Company, comprising issued capital, 
reserves and accumulated losses as disclosed in notes 27 to 30 to the consolidated financial statements. 

The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

Cash flow is controlled by ongoing justification, monitoring and reporting of capital investment expenditures and regular monitoring 
and reporting of operating costs. 

The Company considers that the current capital structure will provide sufficient flexibility to ensure that appropriate investment can be 
made, if required, to implement and achieve the longer term growth strategy of the Company. 

market risk
The Company may be affected by general market trends, which are unrelated to the performance of the Company itself. The Company’s 
success will depend on market acceptance of the Company’s products and there can be no guarantee that this acceptance will be 
forthcoming. 

Market opportunities targeted by the Company may change and this could lead to an adverse effect upon its revenue and earnings.

Foreign currency risk 
The Company currently does not undertake transactions denominated in foreign currencies. 

credit risk 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. The 
Company has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral where appropriate, 
as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Company only transacts with entities that are rated the equivalent 
of investment grade and above. This information is supplied by independent rating agencies where available, and if not available, the 
Company uses other publicly available financial information and its own trading records to rate its major customers. The Company’s 
exposure and the credit ratings of its counterparties are continuously monitored and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is 
spread amongst approved counterparties. Credit exposure is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by the 
risk management committee annually. 

The Company’s management considers that all the above financial assets that are not impaired or past due for each of the reporting 
dates under review are of good quality.

liquidity risk
Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors, which has established an appropriate liquidity 
risk management framework for the management of the Company’s short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity management 
requirements. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, 
by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities.  

The following table details the Company’s remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed repayment 
periods. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on the earliest date on 
which the Group can be required to pay. The table includes both interest and principal cash flows. The contractual maturity is based 
on the earliest date on which the Group may be required to pay.

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest rate
%

-

3.1

3.1

Less than 1 
month
£’000

1-3 months
£’000

3 months to 
1 year
£’000

1-5 years
£’000

5+ years
£’000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,000

3,000

-

-

-

---

-

-

1 may 2016

Revolving credit facility

30 April 2017

Total
£’000

-

3,000

3,000

67

KromeK Group plc 

Annual Report & Accounts 2017

Notes to the company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2017

 ulTImATe coNTrollING pAreNT AND pArTy

15. 
In the opinion of the Directors, there is no ultimate controlling parent or party.

16.      eVeNTS AFTer The BAlANce SheeT DATe
There have been no events after the reporting date that require disclosure in line with IAS10 events after the reporting period.

17.      relATeD pArTy TrANSAcTIoNS
During the year, the Group was charged a fee of £100k (2016: nil) from Polymer N2 Limited, as an equitable resolution relating to 
commitments at the time of the IPO in 2013. Polymer N2 Limited is a company under the control of the one of the Group’s non-
executive Directors and shareholder, Graeme Speirs. At 30 April 2017 the balance outstanding in respect of this fee was £100k (2016: 
nil) and was subsequently paid on 24 May 2017. 

No dividends were paid in the period in respect of ordinary shares held by the Company’s Directors.

68

Directors, Secretary and Advisers

DIRECTORS  
Dr A Basu  

Mr D Bulmer  

Sir Peter Williams

Mr L H N Kinet

Dr G K Speirs  

Mr J H Whittingham  

COMPANY SECRETARY  

Mr D Bulmer  

REGISTERED OFFICE  

NETPark  

Thomas Wright Way  

Sedgefield  

TS21 3FD  

NOMINATED ADVISER AND BROKER 

BANKERS  

Cenkos Securities plc

6.7.8. Tokenhouse Yard

London 

EC2R 7AS   

HSBC Bank Plc  

1 Saddler Street  

Durham  

DH1 3NR  

REGISTRAR  

AUDITOR  

Capita Asset Services

34 Beckenham Road

Beckenham

BR3 4TU  

Deloitte LLP  

Statutory Auditor  

Newcastle upon Tyne  

NE1 2HF  

PUBLIC RELATIONS ADVISER  

LEGAL ADVISER  

Luther Pendragon Ltd

48 Gracechurch Street

London 

EC3V 0EJ  

Eversheds Sutherland  

Bridgewater Place  

Water Lane  

Leeds  

LS11 5DR   

Kromek Group plc 

NETPark,  Thomas Wright Way,

Sedgefield,  County Durham,  TS21 3FD