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Kromek Group plc
Annual Report 2020

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FY2020 Annual Report · Kromek Group plc
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Kromek Group plc
Annual report and accounts for the
year ended 30 April 2020

Contents

1    Financial and Operational 

Highlights

2    Chairman’s Statement

Strategic Report

4    Chief Executive Officer’s 

Review

8    Chief Financial Officer’s 

Review

24  Review of Principal Risks And  

Section 172 Statement

Governance

27  Directors’ Biographies

28  Directors’ Report

30  Corporate Governance Report

34  Audit Committee Report

35  Remuneration Committee 

Report

Financial Statements

40  Independent Auditor’s Report

48  Consolidated income 

statement 

49  Consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income

50  Consolidated statement of 

financial position

51  Consolidated statement of 

changes in equity

52  Consolidated statement of 

cash flows

53  Notes to the consolidated 

financial statements

87  Company financial statements

Strategic Report

p4 - 26

Chief Executive 
Officer’s Review

p4

Significantly Increasing 
Production Capacity p14

...exporting 
worldwide 
serving a global 
customer base

The CZT Production 
Lifecycle  p18

Review of 
Principal Risks

p24

Transforming Knowledge into 
Real Products p20

Independent 
Auditor’s 
Report   p40

Winning Technology:
Low Dose MBI p22

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Financial Headlines

Revenue
£13.1m

Adjusted 
EBITDA*
(£0.4m)

Cash &
Equivalents

£9.4m

Product
% of Sales
79%

Gross 
Margin
47%

2018/19: £14.5m

2019/19: £2.0m

30 Apr 19: £20.6m

2018/19: 83%

2018/19: 57.2%

*Adjusted EBITDA defined as earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation, amortisation, other income, exceptional items, 
early settlement discounts and share-based payments. For a reconciliation, see the Chief Financial Officer’s Review on page 10.

“Notwithstanding the impact of the 
pandemic, Kromek made significant 
progress in strengthening its operations 
with achievements across nuclear detection, 
medical imaging and security screening”  

Operational Highlights

“Substantial expansion programme 
implemented at UK headquarters to 
increase CZT manufacturing capacity 
and D3S production”  

Two-year contract by US Dept of Homeland Security 
to develop CZT detector modules for advanced X-ray 
systems for passenger baggage screening 

Received and successfully delivered orders of £2.1m 
from a European government-related company, a 
new customer, for the provision and integration of 
D3S-related technologies

Expanded geographic reach with winning 
competitive tender to provide D3S platform 
to Irish Civil Defence under three-year 
contract

Commenced delivery on a 
significant $58.1m contract to 
provide an OEM customer with CZT 
detectors and associated advanced 
electronics for its state-of-the-art 
medical imaging systems

Completed licensing agreement for manufacturing 
and sale of medical ventilators from Metran Co., 
Ltd, Japan, to support the COVID-19 response

Won contracts with Canadian Nuclear Safety 
Commission and Curaçao government for 
civil nuclear solutions. Sold radiation mapping 
solution for drones to UKAEA and Sellafield

Expanded sales team and rapid channel 
development resulting in D3S platform now 
having been sold in over 22 countries

Substantial increase in detector 
manufacturing capacity and introduction of 
process automation resulted in increased 
throughput and efficiency in US facility, 
delivering on substantial medical contracts

Security screening OEM customer achieved highest level of 
European liquid explosive detection certification for cabin 
baggage scanner with Kromek-based software and detectors 
– enabling commercial deployment

1

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Chairman’s Statement

This has inevitably been a year of great challenge for your 
Company and the consistent improvement over recent years in 
revenue and earnings at the Adjusted EBITDA level has been 
reversed.

The year had, however, begun promisingly, following the 
successful fund raising in early 2019 and the securing of a major 
contract to supply single photon emission computed tomography 
(“SPECT”) systems for medical imaging. Planned investments 
were made in the significant expansion of the cadmium zinc 
telluride (“CZT”) crystal growth facilities in the UK and in detector 
manufacturing in the US. During the period, GE Healthcare, a 
world leader in such technology, has and continues to publicly 
signal the growing strategic importance of CZT in the field of 
diagnostic imaging. The areas of detection of cancer, cardiac 
diseases and neural conditions will continue to create demand 
for our technology and products as the world starts to normalise 
beyond the effects of the current pandemic. 

Elsewhere, in the nuclear security sector, our hugely successful 
D3 series of handheld detectors has continued to develop and 
secure market share with existing and new customers, both 
in civil and military applications. In the US in particular, our 
relationships with major agencies of the US government have 
continued to develop, giving us great confidence in our future 
potential growth, both there and internationally, while delivering on 
current programmes.

However, the COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting effect on 
the global economy has been felt with great severity. From late 
February onwards, major customers were unable to accept 
shipments as their markets started to shut down. In China in 
particular, despite the securing of a contract amendment with 
our major customer in medical imaging, the impediment to our 

Sir Peter Williams CBE
Chairman
6 October 2020

“Our hugely successful D3 series of 
handheld detectors has continued to 
develop and secure market share with 
existing and new customers, both in 
civil and military applications”

2

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

customer’s investment, trading and continued travel restrictions 
has resulted in your Board’s decision to impair fully all outstanding 
trade receivable and amounts recoverable on contract balances 
in respect of this customer, resulting in the exceptional charge 
for the year. As and when the Chinese economy reopens and 
business environment normalises, your Board remains committed 
to creating value from this contract and more widely from its 
investment in the underlying technology.

Finally, and as an encouraging pointer for the future, our 
relationship with DARPA has resulted in the award of a major 
contract for automated wide-area detection of biological 
pathogens, involving portable DNA sequencing to identify threats 
such as COVID-19 in public spaces. Further additions to this 
contract are anticipated in the coming year.

In conclusion, despite the disappointments of this year, I would 
like to thank all our employees for their efforts under the extreme 
circumstances of today. Their forbearance and determination in 
the face of threats to public health and rapid adaptation to new 
ways of working is greatly appreciated. The safety and wellbeing 
of our team will remain a priority as we go through the process of 
full-scale normal operations both in the US and UK.

“I would like to thank all our employees for their efforts under 
the extreme circumstances of today. Their forbearance and 
determination in the face of threats to public health and rapid 
adaptation to new ways of working is greatly appreciated”

3

KromeK Group plc

Strategic Report

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Chief Executive Officer’s Review

We entered 2019/20 in a stronger position than ever before, 
increasing revenues by 43% in the first half over the previous 
period. The pandemic caused markets to shut down and 
materially impacted both our global customer base and supply 
chain resulting in overall revenues for full year 2019/20 to be 
lower than the previous year. However, the mitigation measures 
and operational progress we have made during the year means 
we are well-positioned to rebound strongly.  

Notwithstanding the impact of the pandemic, we made notable 
progress during the year in the strengthening of our operations. 
We implemented a substantial expansion programme at our UK 
headquarters in Sedgefield to increase our CZT manufacturing 
capacity. We also continue to gain traction for our next-generation 
molecular imaging SPECT products in medical imaging and our 
D3S family of products in nuclear detection – which we believe 
are the key drivers of our future growth. 

medical Imaging

Medical imaging represents a significant market opportunity for 
Kromek with SPECT and molecular breast imaging (“MBI”) as 
key target growth areas for our CZT-based detector solutions. 
In recent years, leading OEMs in these application areas are 
increasingly adopting CZT detector platforms as the enabling 
technology for their product roadmaps – leading to growing 
demand for our solutions. However, because of COVID-19 related 
factors, hospital resources have temporarily been redirected 
and logistics constraints hamper new system installations. 
Consequently, some orders were postponed as medical OEM 
customers were required to delay new systems sales and product 
introductions. While this disruption has had a significant impact 
on our medical imaging business, we expect this to be short-term 
and believe the market opportunity remains substantial. We are 
also pleased to note that some customers are now beginning to 
resume orders and detector production and shipments are being 
scheduled.    

We continued to make progress in this market during the year. In 
particular, we commenced delivery on one of our most significant 

Dr Arnab Basu MBE
Chief Executive Officer
6 October 2020

“Notwithstanding the impact of the 
pandemic, we made notable progress 
during the year in the strengthening of 
our operations”

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Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

contracts to date, which had been awarded in H2 2018/19, to 
provide an OEM customer with CZT detectors and associated 
advanced electronics to be used in its state-of-the-art medical 
imaging systems. The contract is expected to be worth a 
minimum of $58.1m over an approximately seven-year period.

During the year, we also advanced towards achieving clinical 
validation of our CZT-based SPECT detectors at our customers’ 
site, under a contract signed in 2014. Shipment of these products 
was planned and agreed with the customer from early 2020, 
following several visits to the customer in late 2019 and January 
2020. However, the severity of the pandemic in China during 
the early part of 2020 greatly restricted our customer’s ability 
to execute on the contract, which was compounded by the 
difficulty imposed on movement of goods and our inability to send 
essential personnel due to continued travel restrictions since the 
beginning of the year. As a result, we are facing uncertainties to 
the successful execution of the contract at the present time, which 
has led the Board to take a prudent approach by impairing the 
receivables against this contract to date on our balance sheet. This 
is discussed in considerable detail in the CFO Review section of 
this report. However, it is important to note that the commercial 
relationship with this customer continues to remain strong as 
both parties seek to address the significant market demand for 
advanced diagnostic imaging products for the detection of cancer. 

We also progressed the development of an ultra-low dose MBI 
technology based on our CZT-based SPECT detectors. This 
three-year project, which commenced in 2018, sees Kromek 
work alongside partners in the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals 
NHS Foundation Trust in the UK and an OEM partner. 

Nuclear Security

We continued to see opportunities and demand for our D3S 
platform, which is attracting business interest across the globe – 
and has been sold in more than 22 countries. This is supported 
by the expansion of the D3S sales and marketing activities and 
establishing a wider distribution network, with new channels being 
regularly put in place.

A key achievement was the award of a strategically significant 
contract, worth £1.1m, by a European-government related 
company, a new customer, for the provision of D3S-related 
technologies, which was subsequently extended by £1.0m 
to provide technology integration. The customer works with a 
European government to detect and protect against potential 
nuclear threats. We have successfully delivered this contract and 
our solutions are being actively deployed by the customer for 
wide-area threat monitoring.

Kromek was awarded a new and an extension contract worth 
over $1m in total under two initiatives by the US government:

•	 The	US	government’s	Countering	Weapons	of	Mass	

Destruction Office, which is a component within the US 
Department of Homeland Security, awarded Kromek a 
$0.7m extension contract to add further technical innovation 
capability to the D3S family of products.

•	 The	US	government’s	Joint	Program	Executive	Office	for	
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense 
(JPEO-CBRND) awarded Kromek a $0.4m contract to provide 
D3S-related customisation for military operational transition, 
which will leverage the DARPA SIGMA Program sensor and 
technology.

The D3S platform was used in active deployments and field-
tests in multiple locations of strategic importance and high risk 
across the US, Asia and Europe. This includes deployment under 
an initiative, for which we were awarded a €0.2m contract,  by 
the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Migration 
and Home Affairs, working alongside security authorities in 
Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and Spain, to allow 
the law enforcement authorities to validate new and emerging 
technologies for homeland protection. The European Commission 
used the D3S-ID and D3S Drone radiation detectors for the 
protection of public spaces across multiple European locations 
covering high risk venues such as airports, train stations and 
other public areas. Following this initiative, we have received 
an additional order for software development to expand the 
capabilities of the D3S Drones as well as more detectors for a 
new trial application.

We also continued to expand the geographic reach of the D3S 
with the win of a competitive tender to provide our D3S platform 
to the Irish Civil Defence under a three-year contract worth up 
to €0.2m. The first units are now in use and further orders are 
expected shortly. In addition, the Swiss Government has listed the 
D3S-ID for use at waste and recycling sites. 

Our business and product development pipeline have remained 
good despite the inevitable delays as a result of a slowdown 
around the world due to COVID-19. During the year, we launched 
the latest version of the D3S for first responders, the D3M PRD. 
We have continued to execute on multiple US government 
sponsored programmes, including the development of a fully 
ruggedised radio isotope identification device (RIID), which is 
expected to be launched later this calendar year. We are starting 
to see renewed procurement activities in the US, Asia and Europe 
after a period of slowdown over the last six months. We have 
continued to strengthen and expand our distribution network both 
in Europe and Asia. This includes new in-country partners for the 
D3S in France, Spain, Italy, Poland and Serbia. 

civil Nuclear 

In the civil nuclear markets, we won several new contracts 
globally for our portfolio of high-resolution detectors and 
measurement systems used in nuclear power plants, research 
and for other applications. This included contracts with 
the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission as well as other 
government customers. This was supplemented by the home 
market, where radiation mapping solutions for drones were sold 
to UKAEA and Sellafield. Our markets in civil nuclear continue 
to expand with new customers and repeat orders from existing 
customers.

5

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Strategic Report (Continued)

Security Screening

manufacturing Facilities

In security screening, we continued to provide our OEM and 
government customers with components and systems for 
cabin and hold luggage scanning applications. This includes 
delivery on the $2.7m expansion order, which was received at 
the end of the 2018/19 year, under our long-term contract to 
provide key components for a US-based customer’s security 
screening system for the detection of explosives. The order 
expansion reflects the growing recognition of the strength of 
Kromek’s detection solution and credentials as a high-quality 
product supplier. We continue to receive increasing interest in 
our technologies that can meet the high-performance standards 
demanded by customers to ensure passenger safety while 
increasing the convenience and efficiency of the security process.

We also reached a key milestone with another OEM customer 
in the security screening market, which achieved the highest 
level of European liquid explosive detection certification for 
cabin baggage for their new generation scanner that is based 
on Kromek technologies. This certification enabled commercial 
deployment of the product and, post period, we have received the 
first commercial order from our customer.

Biological-Threat Detection 

Post period, we were awarded a contract extension worth up 
to $5.2m by DARPA, a long-standing customer, to advance the 
development of a solution for the detection and identification 
of pathogens in an urban environment via a vehicle-mounted 
biological-threat identifier. However, in response to the outbreak 
of COVID-19, the project is expected to be expanded beyond 
the development of a mobile wide-area bio-surveillance system 
against possible bio-terrorism. 

Once fully developed over the next few months, the technology 
should be able to sample air and identify the presence of any 
biological pathogen – including COVID-19 or any mutant version 
that may emerge over time. It is intended that the technology 
will be used to immediately flag the presence of someone with 
a contagious disease and allow effective mitigation of the risk of 
transmission. By placing samplers in high footfall areas, such as 
airports and hospitals, or where people are in close proximity for 
long periods, for example in transport vessels such as aircraft and 
care homes, threats can be identified without having to individually 
test people. Knowing a carrier is infected with a disease before 
they infect further individuals is key to halting the onset of an 
outbreak and before it causes major global disruption. 

We expect to continue further development, piloting and 
commercial deployments of this solution over the coming months.

In order to meet growing demand for Kromek’s products, we 
continued our planned programme to significantly increase our 
production capacity and optimise the manufacturing process. 
During the year, we successfully completed a substantial 
expansion programme at our UK headquarters in Sedgefield by 
increasing both the number of furnaces for growing CZT and 
material processing tools. In addition, we expanded the product 
assembly space for new and existing handheld radiation detector 
products in our existing UK factory.

The CZT manufacturing process capability was enhanced with 
advanced automated sensor assembly capability, significantly 
improving both process capability and operational capacity. As 
part of the process, we will be introducing new CZT processing 
technology, which is expected to further enhance process quality, 
yield and manufacturing throughput. 

This investment in the UK headquarters follows the relocation 
of our US operations to a new purpose-built premise near 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The site move was completed during 
the year with the operation moving in its entirety during June 
2019, which has enabled a ramp-up in production for CZT-based 
cameras to serve the SPECT market. Both the UK and US 
manufacturing sites are certified to ISO9001:2015 through the 
annual ISO audit cycle.

From early 2020, we have experienced a slowing of demand 
for CZT across our markets due to COVID-19 related disruption 
around the world. However, we believe this is temporary and all 
of the expansion, process improvements, automation and the 
new facility in the US will be critical to address the expected and 
substantial growth in demand for CZT-based products beyond 
this immediate period.  

r&D, product Development and Ip 

We conduct a continuous appraisal of the global supply chain for 
electronics components, critical materials and partner capabilities 
to ensure readiness for both changing customer and market 
demands. We have continued to expand our IP portfolio through 
our core technology and product developments, in line with 
our key aims for IP protection: protect products; create market 
position and freedom to operate; and increase property value.

During the year, we applied for five new patents and had 20 
patents granted across 10 patent families. The new applications 
cover innovations across our nuclear, medical and biological-
threat detection offerings and, while relating to targeted product 
developments, will also provide value beyond these fields. For 
example, the patent applications in the nuclear field can apply to 
multiple uses of scintillator detectors; the medical application will 
provide valuable IP, which underpins a key benefit of CZT; and the 
biological applications cover components that will have uses far 
beyond CBRN detection. 

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Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

response to coVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to 
Kromek’s supply chains and operations while adversely impacting 
demand from certain customers. However, we were fast to 
respond to the evolving public health emergency and by the 
middle of March 2020, we had activated our business continuity 
plan and transitioned most of our employees in the UK and US 
to remote working in order to protect the health and safety of the 
workforce. 

Furthermore, a number of temporary mitigation measures were 
implemented to bolster the liquidity of the business and its 
financial position. Actions taken included the implementation of 
some organisational restructuring; ceasing all discretionary capital 
expenditure; curtailing all travel and non-essential spend; and 
securing a short-term rent concession on some of our leased 
properties.

However, with the lifting of lockdowns in the US and UK, our 
workforce that are required to be onsite have been able to return 
to our facilities as we now start to resume full-scale production. 
We are also pleased to note that business is showing signs 
of returning to normal trading, with orders being issued and 

shipments, once again, being scheduled. However, this still 
remains a challenge for certain parts of the world where both 
movement of people and goods continue to be hindered by 
restrictions.   

In April 2020, facing weakening demand from our core markets, 
we entered a licensing agreement with Metran Co., Ltd, a Japan-
based leading developer of medical ventilator products and 
technology, with the intention to manufacture and sell invasive 
emergency ventilators to support the COVID-19 crisis. We have 
established the manufacturing capability for the ventilators, which 
are now going through the emergency use approval processes in 
various jurisdictions. We continue to see interest in the product 
and signed an agreement for the supply of ventilators in a 
European country, which will become effective following receipt 
of appropriate certifications in that jurisdiction. We are also in 
active discussions and negotiations for the distribution and sale 
of ventilators in other countries where the approval processes are 
ongoing. The Group anticipates this market to remain active over 
the next 12-18 months as countries continue to build capacity in 
the fight against COVID-19 and build resilience against any similar 
pandemics in the future.

outlook

Kromek’s position as a leading manufacturer of next-
generation CZT-based products, supplying substantial 
growing markets and multi-year contracts, gives the 
business a degree of resilience.  

The disruption in the final quarter of the 2019/20 
year carried through to the first four months of the 
new financial year. Normal business patterns are now 
returning, and some customers are beginning to resume 
orders with detector production and shipments being 
scheduled. Two customers who had postponed their 
contracts have now issued instructions to re-commence 
the work. Additionally, the Group is experiencing 
increasing visibility from its customers, including from 
Kromek’s largest customer in the medical imaging 
segment who has provided it with visibility on their plans 
for the full fiscal year. Demand for the D3S family of 
products continues to increase and there is renewed 
procurement activities in the US, Asia and Europe after a 
period of slowdown over the past six months. As a result, 
the Board is cautiously optimistic for the year ahead 
and will provide updates to the market as the outlook 
becomes clearer moving forward.    

From a long-term perspective, Kromek’s key addressable 
markets benefit from fundamental growth drivers. 
The Group expects to see the refresh of product 
cycles continue in the medical sector, which is being 
transformed by CZT-based radiation detection. Early and 
better diagnostics is recognised as one of the means 
to deal more effectively with diseases like cancer and 
cardiac conditions. This pandemic has shown some of 
the vulnerabilities in the western healthcare systems and 
the lack of resilience due to under-investment over the 
last decade, which is expected to drive growth in addition 
to new demands in countries like China, India and Brazil. 
In the nuclear detection segment, security authorities 
continue to invest in sophisticated technologies, while 
bio-security is an emerging focus with significant long-
term implications and monitoring and surveillance is 
expected to become the only way to deal with threats 
from novel viruses such as COVID-19. 

With substantial long-term market drivers and a 
significantly expanded production capacity in place, 
Kromek is well-positioned to deliver on demand from 
around the world for next-generation radiation detection 
technologies.

7

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Strategic Report (Continued)

Chief Financial Officer’s Review

We indeed live and operate in times unprecedented and the 
operational impacts of this pandemic on the Group have been 
significant. The financial results that I analyse below are deeply 
disappointing to deliver having shown so many years of growth, 
coupled with excitement at the technology platform the Group 
has created.  

The Group started the year well, with half-year revenue increasing 
by 43% to £5.3m (H1 2018/19: £3.7m) and the Group felt 
confident of another year of strong growth.  I had set out last 
year the plan to reduce the significant debtor balance regarding 
Amounts Recoverable On Contract (AROC) and had undertaken 
several visits to China to effect this.  

That process looked very promising during the period up to 
January 2020, but then China, followed by the rest of the world, 
was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in inevitable 
obstacles for the Group. The Group’s financial year-end of 30 
April 2020 was at the height of global lockdown measures 
following a highly disrupted fourth quarter from January 2020 
onwards. As was noted in the announcement of 1 May 2020, the 
Group experienced a material impact on its operations because 
of the COVID-19 outbreak with delays in certain projects due 
to constraints imposed upon sub-contractors, suppliers, and 
customers. The Group was also informed that two of its key 
contracts would be delayed until sometime in the new financial 
year. I am pleased to confirm that both customers have now 
issued instruction to re-commence, though initially at lower levels 
than originally contracted.

As a result of the impacts noted above, revenue has reduced by 
10% to £13.1m (2018/19: £14.5m) and gross margin to £6.2m 
(2018/19: £8.3m). Due to the loss in gross margin and higher 
administration costs, the adjusted EBITDA decreased to a £0.4m 
loss compared with earnings of £2.0m for the prior year. The 
Group has also recorded an exceptional item of £13.1m, being 
substantially the write down of AROC brought about by the 
uncertainty of COVID-19. I discuss all these factors in more detail 
in the sections below.

Mr Derek Bulmer
Chief Financial Officer
6 October 2020

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Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

In light of the economic threat brought about by COVID-19, the 
Board has sought to protect the business within the parameters 
under our control and in the middle of March 2020, Kromek 
activated its business continuity plan in response to COVID-19. 
The Group’s employees in the UK and US were transitioned to a 
large extent to remote working. Further to this, several temporary 
mitigation measures have now been implemented to bolster the 
liquidity of the business and its financial position. Actions taken 
include the implementation of some organisational restructuring; 
ceasing all discretionary capital expenditure; curtailing all travel 
and non-essential spend; and securing short- and medium-term 
rent concessions on some of the Group’s leased properties. We 
have undertaken job reductions in the US and engaged the Job 
Retention Scheme in the UK and furloughed a number of staff as 
a result of the contract delays. These measures, along with others 
in the pipeline, are expected to reduce running costs and cash 
outflow. In addition, we have secured further loans with HSBC of 
£1.4m and, in the US, Paycheck Protection loans of around $1m. 
I have successfully varied the bank covenants on the Revolving 
Credit Facility with HSBC to ensure the continued availability of 
this instrument.

revenue

The Group generated total revenue of £13.1m (2018/19: £14.5m). 
The split between Product sales and revenue from R&D contracts 
is detailed in the table below: 

revenue mix

2019/20

2018/19

product

r&D

Total

£'000 % share

£'000 % share

10,314

2,806

13,120

79%

21%

12,060

2,457

14,517

83%

17%

Revenue was directly affected in Q4 by the impact of COVID-19. 
Major customers gave notification that they were unable to accept 
products at previously expected levels as their own markets had 
effectively shut down or logistics and operational support were 
not available due to lockdown restrictions and the prioritisation of 
the safety of personnel. To strengthen the Group’s cash position 
in light of the direct economic and risk impacts of the pandemic, 
the Group negotiated an early payment from a specific customer 
in exchange for an early settlement discount. In line with IFRS 15, 
these discounts (amounting to £0.7m; 2018/19: £nil) were netted 
off against revenue. Without this discount, revenue would have 
been £13.8m and gross profit would have been £6.9m with a 
gross margin of 50.0%. 

Gross margin

The year-on-year decrease in revenue, combined with a 
reduction in gross margin, resulted in a fall in gross profit to 
£6.2m (2018/19: £8.3m). The fall in gross margin to 47.3% 
(2018/19: 57.2%) is attributable to three key elements. Firstly, 
a lower margin yield associated with the initial year of the 
commencement of production of the 7-year medical imaging 
contract announced in early 2019. This process also required 
the commissioning and production ramp up of a significant 
number of furnaces and fabrication equipment, plus the running 
of several new processes and yield programs. We have seen 
some very positive developments in these areas and expect to 
see this commissioning, ramp up and process development drive 
improvements in margin in subsequent years. The second key 
element, as noted above, results from a discount on an early 
settlement to one key customer in airport security relating to a 
substantial call-off and payment ahead of schedule. This both 
de-risked this commercial opportunity, but also ensured that the 
Group could record further receipts of $2m at the year-end and 
thus strengthen the cash position in light of the pandemic.  The 
third key element to the reduction in gross margin was the cost 
impact of bought in goods where alternative suppliers had to 
be sought to complete the products and services that could be 
shipped during the final two months of the year.

Administration costs

Administration costs and operating expenses increased by £1.6m 
to £10.6m (2018/19: £9.0m). This increase is substantially the net 
result of: 

•	 £1.2m	additional	staff	costs	due	to	the	planned	expansion	of	
the sales and production teams, plus technology personnel 
to support the biological detection project. This is largely as 
planned and notified to the market during the fund raise of 
February 2019.

•	 £0.3m	is	the	additional	costs	of	depreciation	largely	relating	
to the capital expenditure on the furnace and fabrication 
expansion of £6.1m.

•	 £0.3m	is	the	additional	costs	of	amortisation	due	to	

continued investment in the technology platform and product 
applications.

•	 £(0.7)m	foreign	exchange	credit	largely	due	to	a	surplus	

realised on the Group’s US$ overdraft facility settled during 
the year.

•	 £0.5m	relating	to	a	combination	of	other	items,	including	an	
increase in the US cost base, largely compensated by the 
foreign exchange gain noted above.

9

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Strategic Report (Continued)

exceptional Items

Adjusted eBITDA* and result from operations

Kromek’s customers are often first adopters. Entrepreneurial 
small- to medium-sized businesses that have the flexibility to 
bring this technology to the forefront of their business model. 
Much of this is in the East, especially in China, as such markets 
are not typically hampered by legacy platforms attached to pre-
CZT technology. As such, COVID-19 has severely disrupted their 
business models and made their access to sufficient financial 
support more difficult.  

Several visits to China were undertaken partly to assess the 
possible impacts of the escalating level of trade friction between 
the US and China, but also to assess the market opportunity, 
business case of our customers and to explore to what 
extent Kromek could assist in accelerating and expanding the 
opportunity. These visits in late autumn 2019 and early in this 
calendar year went extremely well and we had strong visibility of 
the roll out of the product and thus the monetisation of the AROC. 
Further, we determined a number of channels and partners to 
assist in de-risking this position. Nonetheless, we could not 
achieve this prior to the impact of COVID-19.    

Whilst the Board remains very confident on the market 
opportunity given the scale of populous in China and the sadly 
prevalent and growing rates of cancer, the financial status of 
some our customers has become uncertain.  That said, we are 
continuing to work with our customers to enable the fulfilment 
of these opportunities for Kromek and for them. The Board is 
confident that once there is greater clarity on the flow of funds 
through investment and movement of goods and people, both 
globally and within China, this position will reverse, and we will see 
the opportunities materialise.

However, due to the uncertainty noted above following the direct 
impact of COVID-19 on the flow of capital to our customers, 
the Board has prudently chosen to take a full provision against 
the AROC balance and I note an exceptional item of £13.1m 
in relation to this. Despite the uncertainties of credit risk, the 
Board has concluded relating to  said customers, that all parties 
remain committed to delivering on the opportunity presented 
by this market. We have secured a contract addendum for 
medical imaging systems with our major customer that sets 
out clear call-off schedules and a commitment to a multi-year 
opportunity, which also assists in monitoring any changes in 
deemed credit status. As noted earlier by our Chairman, as the 
Chinese economy reopens and this contract addendum becomes 
effective, the Board remains committed to creating value from 
this relationship, but also more widely from the investment in 
the underlying technology. Our exposure and reputation for this 
technology in China is growing and our network and support 
structures in the region will ensure that we can effectively work 
with our customers and expand our opportunities.

10

Primarily due to the impact of COVID-19 on the operations of the 
Group and, consequently, the financial performance, adjusted 
EBITDA for 2019/20 was a loss of £0.4m compared with earnings 
of £2.0m for the prior year as set out in the table below:

Revenue

Gross profit margin

Gross margin (%)

Loss before Tax

eBITDA Adjustments:

Non- COVID-19 Related Items:

Net interest

Depreciation of PPE and Right of Use 
assets

Amortisation

Share-based payments

COVID-19 Related Items:

Early settlement discount

Exceptional Item

Adjusted eBITDA*

2019/20
£'000

13,120

6,208

47.3%

(18,345)

2018/19
£'000

14,517

8,309

57.2%

(1,270)

544

1,185

2,142

225

746

13,062

(441)

364

879

1,806

195

-

-

1,974

*Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxation, 
depreciation, amortisation, other income, exceptional items, early 
settlement discounts and share-based payments. The impact of 
COVID-19 has resulted in an exceptional item of £13.1m relating to 
receivables and AROC and a specific airport security customer early 
settlement discount of £0.7m as neither are in the normal course of 
events and are significant in their size, practice and nature. Share-based 
payments are added back when calculating the Group’s adjusted EBITDA 
as this is currently an expense with a zero direct cash impact on financial 
performance. Adjusted EBITDA is considered a key metric to the users of 
the financial statements as it represents a useful milestone that is reflective 
of the performance of the business resulting from movements in revenue, 
gross margin and the costs of the business. This definition has changed 
from 2018/19 to include the exceptional item and early settlement 
discount. However, in 2018/19 there were no exceptional items or such 
specific early settlement discounts meaning the Adjusted EBITDA from 

2018/19 has not changed.

The £2.4m decrease in adjusted EBITDA in 2019/20 compared 
with 2018/19 is substantially a result of a loss in gross profit of 
£2.1m due to the lower revenue and reduction in gross margin 
noted above.

Loss before tax for the year increased substantially to £18.3m 
(2018/19: £1.3m loss), largely due to the loss in gross profit 
of £2.1m, additional administration costs of £1.6m and the 
exceptional item of £13.1m.

During 2019/20, the Group recognised other comprehensive 
income of £1.0m (2018/19: £1.2m income) that arose in respect 
of exchange differences on a net investment in a foreign operation 
as described in note 2 to the financial statements. Unlike the 
£0.7m gain resulting from foreign exchange on consolidation and 

 
 
Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

revaluations and realisation of working capital balances noted 
above that were expensed to the profit and loss account, this 
gain has been treated as a reserve movement, consistent with the 
prior year.

Tax

The Group continues to benefit from the UK Research and 
Development Tax Credit resulting from the investment in 
developments of technology and recorded a credit of £0.9m for 
the year (2018/19: £1.0m). 

Following a review, we have revisited the historical treatment of 
deferred tax in relation to development costs capitalised in our 
US operations since reporting under IFRS. As a result, through 
a prior year adjustment, a deferred tax liability has now been 
recognised on the Group’s balance sheet as at 30 April 2019 
totalling £0.9m with the corresponding adjustments made to the 
profit and loss account and retained earnings. This liability has 
subsequently been fully eliminated during the year ended 30 April 
2020 following an offset with a deferred tax asset arising in our 
US operations relating to accumulated losses to date. Please 
refer to note 2 to the financial statements for a summary of the 
adjustments made. 

Due to the elimination of the deferred tax liability and the UK 
Research and Development Tax Credit, the tax charge for the year 
is a credit of £1.8m (2018/19: £0.6m credit).

earnings per Share (“epS”)

Due to a £3.5m loss after tax from continuing operations (after 
excluding exceptional items) for the year, the EPS is recorded 
in the year on a basic and diluted basis as 1.0p loss per share 
(2018/19 restated: 0.2p loss per share). Due to a £16.5m loss 
after tax from continuing operations (including exceptional items) 
for the year, the EPS is recorded in the year on a basic and 
diluted basis as 4.8p loss per share (2018/19 restated: 0.2p loss 
per share).

r&D

The Group invested £5.3m in the year (2018/19: £2.7m) in 
technology and product developments that were capitalised 
on the balance sheet, reflecting the ongoing investment in 
new products and new applications for the future growth of 
the business. This capitalisation is higher in the current year 
because of two key factors.  Firstly, last year the figure was 
artificially reduced due to the facility move in the US during the 
first half of 2018/19 and the restrictions this disruption placed on 
development work. Secondly, the Group has chosen to pursue 
the opportunity in automated wide-area detection of biological 
pathogens, involving portable DNA sequencing. It is the Board’s 
belief that this technology will enable the identification of a 
COVID-19 threat in public spaces and offers opportunities for the 
Group in this critical market. This is a position endorsed by the 
US government with DARPA awarding Kromek a major contract 
in May 2020 as part of the development of this platform and 
product applications.

The other key areas of development continue to be the expansion 
of the D3S suite of products and the SPECT platforms. All such 
investments in research and development are linked to contract 
deliverables and in the Board’s belief in the significant future 
revenue opportunities that the Group’s technology offers. The 
Group continues to undertake this investment to strengthen its 
commercial advantage.  

During the year, the Group undertook expenditure on patents 
and trademarks of £0.2m (2018/19: £0.2m) with five new patents 
filed and 20 patents granted across 10 patent families. The 
new applications cover innovations in all our sectors, including 
biological-threat detection, covering our specific product 
developments, but also providing value beyond these fields. In 
particular, the biological applications cover components that the 
Group believes will have uses beyond terrorist threat detection. 

capital expenditure

Capital expenditure in the year amounted to £7.0m (2018/19: 
£3.6m) and was announced during the early months of 2019. 
This planned increase relates substantially to the expansion of 
the CZT growth facility, manufacturing processes and capacity 
in both the UK and US. Over recent years, the Group has 
demonstrated that it can now replicate this capability on multiple 
sites and significantly implement and scale up operations.  This 
is a major achievement by the Group and the many members of 
our team that have worked on this project.  The capital project is 
now installed, commissioned and in operation - delivering against 
multiple projects, but particularly against the medical imaging 
contract announced in early 2019.  

cash Balance

Cash and cash equivalents were £9.4m as of 30 April 2020 
(30 April 2019: £20.6m). The £11.2m decrease in cash during 
2019/20 was a combination of the following:

•	 An	Adjusted	EBITDA	loss	for	the	year	of	£0.4m

•	 Net	cash	used	in	financing	activities	of	£0.9m

•	 £0.4m	reduction	in	working	capital,	excluding	the	exceptional	

write off of the AROC balance of £13.1m.

•	 R&D	Tax	Credit	receipts	of	£0.9m.

•	

Investment	in	product	development	and	other	intangibles,	
with capitalised development costs of £5.3m and IP additions 
of £0.2m.

•	 Capital	expenditure	of	£7.0m,	as	noted	above.

•	 £1.3m	conversion	of	the	Investment	in	long-term	cash	

deposits into a more liquid form.

The movement in key working capital balances is analysed as 
follows:

•	 A	£3.2m	increase	in	inventories	held	on	30	April	2020	to	

£6.4m (30 April 2019: £3.2m). Following the $58.1m medical 
imaging contract awarded in January 2019, the Group is 
holding more component stock and work in progress to 
meet the call-off plan of the contract. Due to delays driven 

11

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Strategic Report (Continued)

by COVID-19, a substantial element of shipments intended 
for March and April 2020 were held back due to customer 
requests. A revised call-off plan has been received during 
August 2020 and it is anticipated that this inventory will begin 
to flow into a monthly rolling production and shipment plan.

•	 A	£1.3m	increase	in	trade	and	other	receivables	(excluding	
exceptional items) reflecting the timing of invoicing and 
payments during the strict lockdown of the Group’s Q4.

•	 A	£3.9m	increase	in	trade	and	other	payables	to	£8.8m	

(2018/19: £4.9m). This increase is due to capital expenditure 
in the year and the timing of invoicing around the year end. 
This is further compounded by the build-up of inventory 
to meet the needs of the medical imaging contract noted 
above. The Group also secured a £0.7m grant during the 
year regarding job creation in County Durham following the 
aforementioned $58.1m medical imaging contract, which is 
currently recognised on the balance sheet as deferred income.

•	 As	I	noted	last	year,	in	March	2019,	the	Group	renewed	its	

existing Revolving Credit Facility with HSBC.  The facility was 
extended to £5.0m from £3.0m and the renewal period was 
increased to a minimum of three years, with an additional 
option for up to five years. At 30 April 2020, £3.1m of the 
facility was drawn (30 April 2019: £3.0m) to support the 
working capital expansion. A further £1.8m of the facility has 
been used to fund plant and machinery. Given the downward 
impacts on immediate outlook because of COVID-19, we 
have renegotiated the bank covenants to ensure that the 
Group can continue to rely on the flexibility of this facility.  

Going concern

Given the degree of uncertainty surrounding the impacts of 
the COVID-19 pandemic on economies and businesses, the 
Board has considered a number of scenarios. As I note in my 
introduction, the Group activated its business continuity plan in 
response to COVID-19 from March 2020 and, subsequent to 
that, the costs of the Group have been reduced. Further to that, 
since 30 April 2020, we have managed to bring in additional 
funds through securing additional loans with HSBC of £1.4m, to 
further support some of the capital expenditure, and, in the US, 
Paycheck Protection loans of around £0.8m. As described above, 
we have successfully agreed a variation in the bank covenants on 
the Revolving Credit Facility with HSBC to ensure the continued 
availability of this instrument. Combining this additional liquidity 
and reduced costs, the key factor that the Board considered in 
the going concern assessment related to revenue expectations 
and visibility. The Board was mindful of the guidance surrounding 
a severe but plausible assessment and, accordingly, considered 
a number of scenarios in revenue reduction against the original 
plans. On a revised base case scenario, the Board is comfortable 
that the Group can continue its operations for at least a 12-month 
period following the approval of these financial statements. 

Applying an even more severe set of assumptions, beyond the 
Board’s estimate of base case scenario, with further reductions 
in revenue whilst maintaining a full cost base, it is possible that 
the Group may breach one of the bank’s five covenants during 
the going concern review period. However, for the purpose of 
stress testing the going concern in light of the pandemic, the 
Board has specifically excluded any significant upsides from these 
scenarios. This is despite COVID-19 representing potential major 
opportunities for the Group in terms of its biological detection 
capabilities and license agreements to manufacture ventilators. 
This most severe scenario also excludes any mitigating reduction 
in the cost base that the Board would clearly undertake in this 
event. As a result of this review, which incorporated sensitivities 
and risk analysis, the Directors believe that the Group has 
sufficient resources and working capital to meet their present and 
foreseeable obligations for a period of at least 12 months from the 
approval of these financial statements.

12

 
Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Financial reporting and Audit

It is my normal practice to have the financial reports completed 
with final results announcement before the end of June. This 
year, the final results announcement was in October 2020, 
some three months later than normal. This is largely due to the 
impacts of COVID-19 resulting in additional audit and Corporate 
Governance protocols around areas of key audit importance. 
Further, we had to conduct a virtual audit between both my team 
and those of KPMG. Whilst this was compounded by a change of 
audit engagement partner just days before the commencement 
of the audit, all parties endeavoured to operate in a lockdown 
environment and to deal with the additional challenges that this 
brought. The financial results are deeply disappointing, however 
the efforts of those involved to support the preparation of this 
report were critical and are much appreciated. 

13

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

The number 
of furnaces 
increased more 
than fivefold

CZT materials 
preparation facilities 
have also been 
considerably 
expanded

14

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Expansion of CZT Crystal 
Growth and Detector 
Manufacturing Facilities

Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is now a recognised technology that 
overcomes the limitations of the prevalent legacy detectors. CZT-based 
detectors provide high-resolution information on material composition and 
structure and are used in multiple applications, ranging from the identification 
of cancerous tissues to hazardous materials, such as explosives, and the 
analysis of radioactive materials. 

Kromek manufactures CZT in both the UK and US. It is a continuous 
process of CZT manufacturing and device fabrication run on dedicated R&D 
furnaces and fab lines that is now a fully automated, end-to-end process 
without human intervention.

Over the past 18 months, Kromek continued its planned expansion 
programme to significantly increase production capacity in order to meet the 
growing demand for its products. We optimised the manufacturing process 
through a major capital investment programme in increasing crystal growth 
manufacturing capacity but also by significantly expanding the level of 
process automation in both the UK and US. 

During the year, we successfully completed a substantial expansion 
programme at our UK headquarters in Sedgefield by increasing both the 
number of furnaces for growing CZT and material processing tools. In 
addition, we expanded the product assembly space for new and existing 
handheld radiation detector products.

In the UK, the number of furnaces increased more than five-fold, ramping up 
production capacity from 1,500kg of CZT processed each year to in excess 
of 10,000kg, thereby enabling the manufacture of more than 70,000 finished 
detectors annually.

The CZT materials preparation facilities have also been considerably 
expanded and automated to support the new furnace volumes. 

This investment in the UK headquarters follows the relocation of our US 
operations to a new purpose-built premises near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

“Annual production capacity has increased 
from 1,500kg of CZT to 10,000kg, enabling 
the manufacture of more than 70,000 
finished detectors”

CZT Ingot

15

KromeK Group plc

Full automation increases capacity, 
improves product quality and enhances reliability

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

High volume CZT crystal 
production

High throughput automated 
wire sawing and dicing

Automated high throughput 
surface polishing

Automated processing of  
electrical contacts

CZT Ingot

Ingot Sliced

Diced

Polished 
Detector

Electrical 
Contacts

Automated bonding and assembly 
of CZT detector modules

16

Finished Module

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

New Equipment Investment 
Across CZT Production 
Operations

In June 2019, our US operations relocated to a new, purpose-built premises 
near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The facility offers a world-class platform 
upon which to build next-generation CZT-based molecular imaging SPECT 
detector assemblies and other medical imaging products. 

The building provides a significantly more efficient facility and allows for 
further capacity expansion, which means that we can deliver on the 
anticipated growth in medical imaging – which has already been evidenced 
by the award of the significant seven-year $58.1m contract. 

Substantial additional investment has been made in new equipment for 
process automation necessary to expand our throughput capacity with 
specialist machine tools for detector fabrication designed to improve 
operating efficiencies throughout the CZT production cycle.

The site move has enabled a ramp-up in production for CZT-based detector 
assemblies to serve the SPECT market. We have introduced new CZT 
processing technology, which is expected to further enhance process quality, 
yield and manufacturing throughput.

The CZT manufacturing process capability was enhanced with advanced 
automated sensor assembly capability, significantly improving both process 
capability and operational capacity. 

An illustration of how the increase in automated processes will impact 
detector fabrication can be seen opposite.

Both the UK and US manufacturing sites are certified to ISO9001:2015 
through the annual ISO audit cycle.

17

KromeK Group plc

Kromek 
offers a full turnkey 
solution from CZT 
material to detector 
module production, 
at volume, in one 
place

...exporting 
worldwide 
serving a global 
customer base

The large ingot 
is then cut and 
shaped into 
blanks of various 
thicknesses and 
geometries

The next stage 
of the process is 
Lithography, which 
creates the electrode 
pattern for the 
detector optimised 
for specific 
applications

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

We 
manufacture 
in the USA 
and the United 
Kingdom...

We produce 
high-quality 
CZT ingots

The cut blanks 
are subject 
to chemical 
polishing and 
deposition of 
electrodes

We can develop 
the detector 
design to suit 
customer 
requirements

Strip

Hemi-
spherical

We offer 
industry standard 
detector 
configurations 

CPG

Pixelated

Detector 
production is a 
high throughput 
automated 
process

18

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

We also work 
on custom detector 
module or system design 
to suit specific needs, 
which includes simulation 
and modelling to find the 
optimal solution 
for each application

KromeK Group plc

Direct bonding 
down to 
55micron, 
detector 
thickness from 
15mm to 0.5mm

Detector 
bonding 
pick & 
place 
automatic 
chip 
bonding

ASIC

Detector 
electronics

Connectors

This is how 
a typical CZT 
detector module 
is built

CZT
ASIC

Readout electronics

These finished 
detector arrays 
are used in a wide 
variety of imaging 
situations from 
large field of view 
medical imaging 
systems…

...to security 
screening

We are our customer’s partner for design, 
development and high-volume supply of 
CZT and scintillator-based detection and 
imaging assemblies, advanced handheld 
and compact systems for radiation 
detection for civil nuclear use and CBRNE 
Homeland Defence

19

This scalable 
module design 
allows scale up to full 
OEM systems including 
full mechanical housing 
and interfaces 
and thermal 
management

...to single live 
scan-based 
devices using 
small field of view 
cameras…

Kromek offers 
a complete solution 
with custom-designed 
software and advanced 
algorithms to support 
gamma and x-ray 
detectors for a 
wide variety of 
applications

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Transforming Knowledge 
into Real Products

Kromek developed the advanced algorithm for the system 

creating a robust and capable product achieving

the ECAC Type C, Standard 3 certification, the highest available.

 It is the first dual-view system to achieve this level.

Background image: jeshoots.com
20

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

This programme has demonstrated how Kromek is adapting 
its technology to integrate into future systems for advanced 
automated liquid explosives detection applications and beyond

The ECAC certification enabled commercial 
deployment of the product to begin and, post period, 
in August 2020, Kromek received its first commercial 
orders, and deliveries are currently underway.

The equipment is co-branded with the OEM and 
Kromek in a similar fashion to Intel (Intel Inside) 
with PC manufacturers with equipment displaying 
‘Kromek enabled’.

Over the next three years, Kromek will be looking to 
improve the software capability of the algorithms to 
meet the current and constantly evolving threat listing 
to address new threats from both liquid and bulk 
explosives.

Bomb attacks on civil aviation make detecting 
explosive devices and explosive material in passenger 
baggage a major concern. Specifically, the threat of 
a major terrorist incident involving liquid, aerosol, and 
gel-based explosives (LAGs) has been constant since 
a plot to simultaneously blow up nine aircrafts using 
liquid explosives was foiled in August 2006.

Since then, Kromek’s CZT-based technology has 
been at the leading edge in the development of 
liquid explosives detection systems (LEDS); whether 
in manufacturing its own ground-breaking Identifier 
inspection system or working to meet the exacting 
requirements of regulator or screening manufacturer 
customers.

Knowledge: separating science fact from 
science fiction

Kromek was invited to take part in a funded research 
project, under a ‘Eurostars’ grant, to develop 
sophisticated algorithms to accurately determine the 
contents of bottles when scanned by a generic cabin 
baggage scanner.

This was to lead to Kromek’s transition from 
producing standalone LED systems to integrating the 
LEDs’ algorithms into applications for next-generation 
cabin baggage screening equipment. 

Approved: explosive Detection Systems for 
cabin Baggage (eDScB) 

In 2017, Kromek partnered with a leading European 
OEM to further develop the algorithm and produce a 
field-ready product capable of achieving the highest 
level of threat detection compliance in European Civil 
Aviation – ECAC certification. 

The two-year programme saw Kromek develop an 
advanced algorithm and a set of accessories for the 
system, creating a robust and capable product, which 
achieved the ECAC Type C, Standard 3 certification, 
the highest available, in January 2020. 

It is the first dual-view system to achieve this 
level of certification.

21

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Fatty

Scattered
Fibroglandular

Heterogeneously 
Dense

Extremely Dense

“Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) has opened up a new frontier in the 
fight against breast cancer. The SPECT gamma cameras are able 
to detect breast cancers missed by mammography and ultrasound, 
particularly in women with dense breasts tissue.”

22

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Winning Technology: low Dose 
molecular Breast Imaging

A qualitative study on the impact of the device on the 
clinical workflow will be conducted and published. 

Preparations for a clinical trial will be conducted so that 
both the technology and the clinical protocol have the 
appropriate ethical and regulatory clearances.

This project is further evidence that CZT-based detectors 
are becoming a core technology in replacing legacy 
diagnostic products across the medical imaging sector. 
Our innovative SPECT detectors are capable of significantly 
lowering radiation doses, thereby offering cost savings for 
health services and, crucially, making enhanced detection 
and early diagnosis of breast cancer accessible on a much 
wider scale.  

Finding cancer early means that it is less likely to have 
spread and treatment can be started earlier in the course of 
the disease. 

Screening mammograms are still the most used method for 
detecting breast cancer early. Mammograms can usually 
find lumps two or three years before a woman or her doctor 
can feel them. However, not all breasts look the same on a 
mammogram – a woman’s age or breast density can make 
cancers more or less difficult to see. In general, screening 
mammograms are less effective in younger women because 
they tend to have denser breast tissue.

Some cancers cannot be detected on a mammogram due 
to the location of the cancer or the density of the breast 
tissue. About 25% of cancers in women aged 40-49 are not 
detectable by a screening mammogram, compared with 
about 10% in women older than 50.

Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) is a nuclear medicine 
technique with proven performance benefits. In a recent 
clinical trial published by Mayo clinic, with the addition 
of MBI to mammography, the overall cancer detection 
rate (per 1000 screened) increased from 3.2 to 12.0. For 
mammography alone, sensitivity (true positives) was 24% 
and specificity (true negatives) 89%. For MBI, sensitivity was 
81% and specificity 94%.

One of the major barriers for adoption of this proven 
technology has been higher dose exposure to patients 
compared with a 2D mammogram.  

Using our expertise to overcome the barriers

Working with Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, 
Kromek is developing the technology to create a lower dose 
(with the target dose to equal that of a mammogram) with 
the ability to guide a biopsy to the tumour. 

Building on the core technology of SPECT imaging, the 
technique reduces the time taken for a scan – providing 
comfort for the patient but also reducing the radiation 
exposure time. 

23

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Strategic Report (Continued)
Review of Principal Risks

The Board has carried out a robust assessment of the principal risks to achieving its strategic objectives. Risks are reviewed on a regular basis by the 
Board to identify any changes in risk profiles and to consider the optimal range of mitigation strategies.

Risks associated 
with COVID-19

Risks associated 
with competition

Description

The Group, like so many businesses, faces 
the significant risk associated with the 
impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 
business environment and, at a broader 
level, in terms of providing a safe working 
environment for its staff.  

Mitigation

In light of the economic threat brought about 
by COVID-19, the Board has sought to 
protect the business within the parameters 
of our control and in the middle of March 
2020, Kromek activated its business 
continuity plan in response to COVID-19. 
Management have an extensive forecasting 
process that can adapt to evolving economic 
conditions. The Group regularly reviews the 
operational markets it operates in, adapting 
its trading prospects in its key markets. Its 
key markets of nuclear, medical imaging 
and security screening are not expected 
to be materially impacted in the long term. 
In order to mitigate the immediate global 
reaction to COVID-19, management have 
secured additional debt funding in the form 
of Term loans in the UK and Paycheck 
Protection loans in the US. Extensions have 
also been achieved regarding existing debt 
covenants to alleviate any possible short-
term uncertainties in financial performance 
the Group may experience. The Group is 
able to service existing markets from either 
the UK or the US, which allows a degree of 
flexibility should there be differing lockdown 
guidance in respective geographical areas. 
Approximately 50% of the workforce is 
able to work from home effectively, which 
has been evident through the delivery of 
a financial year end at the peak of UK/
US lockdown measures in April 2020. 
The operating sites follow local guidance 
and have implemented a controlled return 
to work policy and additional hygiene 
measures regarding the use of PPE. Further 
details of this are included in the Chief 
Financial Officer’s Review. Some of the 

24

Group’s existing customers are driving the 
technology adoption in the key markets. 
However, this could result in the increase 
in short-term counterparty risk meaning 
potential expected credit losses due to 
COVID-19 disruption. Whilst the Group 
is confident that this is only a short-term 
impact, management take a proactive view 
on such circumstances and are working 
with the necessary customers in a flexible 
and collaborative way to minimise any 
potential impact. From a supply chain 
perspective specifically for the Group, 
the main material source of supply is 
semiconductor material. Due to this being 
used in critical markets such as medical 
imaging, our supply chain is widely regarded 
as essential and is therefore likely to function 
at relatively normal levels during any local or 
global lockdowns. 

Description

The Group faces competition from 
two types of competitor: specialised 
companies targeting discrete markets 
and divisions of large integrated device 
manufacturers. The Group’s current and 
future competitors may develop superior 
technology or offer superior products, 
sell products at a lower price or achieve 
greater market acceptance in the Group’s 
target markets. Competitors may have 
longer operating histories, greater name 
recognition, access to larger customer 
bases and more resources. As such, they 
could be able to respond more quickly to 
changing customer demands or to devote 
greater resources to the development, 
promotion and sale of their products than 
the Group.

Mitigation

To the extent possible, the Group carefully 
monitors competing technologies and 
product offerings. The Group intends 
to continue to make commercially-
driven investments in developing new 
technologies and products to maintain 
a strong technology position, and is 
investing in further and more specialised 
marketing and sales resources. Group 
IP gives some additional protection 
and Kromek has invested in new IP 
management systems and processes in 
the last financial year.

Risks associated 
with product and 
technology adoption 
rates

Description

The rate of market acceptance of the 
Group’s products is uncertain as many 
factors influence the adoption of new 
products including changing needs, 
regulation, marketing and distribution, 
users’ habits and business systems, and 
product pricing.

Mitigation

With a widely applicable technology base, 
the Group only chooses opportunities in 
which it believes there is a good match 
between its rare or unique capabilities and 
strong adoption drivers in large growing 
markets. The use of common technology 
platforms across multiple markets and 
applications reduces the investment risk in 
any given market segment and diversifies 
overall adoption risk.

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Risks associated 
with management of 
the Group’s growth 
strategy

Risks associated with 
timing of customer or 
third-party projects

Risks associated 
with exchange rate 
fluctuations

Description

Description

Description

The Group’s strategy includes co-
development with large OEM partners for 
additional development, manufacturing 
or subsequent marketing. Consequently, 
the Group will be increasingly reliant on 
securing and retaining such partners, and 
delays in the progress of the development, 
manufacturing or marketing of the end 
product, as a result of a partner’s action or 
inaction, may delay the receipt of product-
related revenues.

Mitigation

The Group has a diversified customer 
base and operates in a carefully selected 
portfolio of markets with different adoption 
risks and cycles. As part of its business 
model, it also more directly controls a 
certain proportion of its revenues via the 
sale of complete end-user products in 
three different markets.

The ability of the Group to implement 
its strategy in rapidly evolving and 
competitive markets will require effective 
management planning and operational 
controls. Significant expansion will 
be required to respond to market 
opportunities and the Group’s future 
growth and prospects will depend on 
its ability to manage this growth and 
to continue to expand and improve 
operational and financial performance, 
whilst at the same time maintaining 
effective cost controls and working capital.

Mitigation

The Group’s experienced management 
team is well versed in the current markets 
available to the Group and well-positioned 
to adapt to any changes in those markets. 
The Group also has detailed control 
systems including R&D cost control and 
extensive project management criteria. 
The Group has demonstrated its ability 
to identify, execute and integrate M&A 
opportunities with its two successful US 
acquisitions. The Group has also relocated 
one of the US subsidiary companies to a 
custom-built facility that specialises in the 
production of CZT gamma cameras used 
for SPECT.

As a consequence of the international 
nature of its business, the Group is 
exposed to risks associated with changes 
in foreign currency exchange rates on 
both sales and operations. The Group is 
headquartered in the UK and presents its 
financial statements in pounds sterling. 
However, its subsidiaries, eV Products, 
Inc. and NOVA R&D, Inc., operate in the 
US and earn revenues and incur costs in 
US dollars. A growing proportion of the 
Group’s future revenues are expected to 
be denominated in currencies other than 
pounds sterling. Exchange rate variations 
between currencies in which the Group 
operates could have a significant impact 
on the Group’s reported financial results.

Mitigation

The Group is predominantly exposed to 
currency risk on sales and purchases 
made from customers and suppliers. 
Sales and purchases from customers 
and suppliers are made on a central 
basis and the risk is monitored centrally, 
but not hedged utilising any forward 
exchange contracts. Apart from these 
particular cash flows, the Group aims 
to fund expenses and investments in 
the respective currency and to manage 
foreign exchange risk at a local level by 
matching the currency in which revenue is 
generated and expenses are incurred.

25

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Strategic Report (Continued)

Review of Principal Risks (Continued)

Section 172 Statement

Under s172 of the Companies Act 2006, the Directors have a duty to act in good faith 
in a way that is most likely to promote the success of the Company. This duty is for 
the benefit of its members as a whole, having regard to the likely consequences of 
decisions for the long-term. Further, the interests of the Company’s employees, the need 
to foster relationships with other key stakeholders, the impact on the community and 
the environment. Additionally, maintaining a reputation for high standards of business 
conduct, and the need to act fairly as between members of the Company.

Key decisions made by the Board during 2019/20 were related primarily to the expansion 
of production capabilities in the UK and US and key and long-term global technology 
opportunities. The Board believes that the decision taken to expand production 
capabilities for the growth of CZT in 2018/19 and 2019/20 to service significant and 
expected product growth and commercialisation was in the best long-term interests 
of shareholders, taking into account the balance of financial and operational risk 
compared with the potential financial returns. Further, the Board believes that, following 
a review of the existing commercial relationships with key customers in Asia, the most 
prudent action was to impair assets on the balance sheet due to uncertainty created 
by COVID-19. Asia still represents a significant technology opportunity for the Group, 
however, it is currently uncertain of timescales to full market traction.   

The top 10 investors in the Company equates to approximately 61% of the Company’s 
shares. The Executive Directors communicate from time-to-time with these shareholders 
and have a good understanding of their interests. The Executive Directors and other 
members of the management team meet regularly with other shareholders, both 
institutional and private, to explain and discuss the Group’s strategy and objectives 
and to understand the interests of smaller shareholders in the Company. The Board 
recognises its responsibility to act fairly between all shareholders of the Company. 

The Group employed an average of 139 staff during 2019/20. The management team 
interacts daily with all employees and operate dedicated HR functions at its key sites in 
the UK and US. Management has implemented employee policies and procedures that 
are appropriate for the size of the Group. 

Apart from its shareholders and employees, the Group’s main stakeholders are 
customers and suppliers. The Group has several contracts with customers that relate to 
longer term technology development and supply. The Group has engaged a dedicated 
Procurement and Legal function that operates with the Group’s commercial, project and 
production teams and those of the Group’s key customers and suppliers

As a relatively small organisation, the Group’s impact on the community and the 
environment is modest but the Board endeavours to ensure that the business acts 
ethically and in an environmentally conscious manner.  The Group endeavours to operate 
to practical levels on matters of corporate responsibility and recently elected to contract 
its energy supplies in the UK from clean energy sources.

Dr Arnab Basu mBe 
Chief Executive Officer 
6 October 2020

Risks associated with 
Brexit

Description

As a consequence of the UK’s decision 
to leave the European Union, there is 
international uncertainty around the 
impact this will have on business and 
trade. The Group will continue to monitor 
Brexit and other macroeconomic factors 
such as US and China relations. Kromek, 
as an export led Group, may be subject 
to risks associated with international 
trade, including operational impacts on 
logistics, potential tariffs and duties (for 
example on imports on some categories 
of semiconductor material), and export 
control matters for some of the Group’s 
nuclear products as a result of the final 
terms of the UK’s departure from the 
European Union. There is unlikely to be an 
impact on staff relating to any restriction 
on the movement of labour. 

Mitigation

The Group has significant operations and 
market presence in non-EU territories 
such as the US and Asia, as well as a 
portfolio of products that are market 
leaders because of the technological 
capabilities offered. As a result, the Group 
is strategically well-placed to navigate 
whatever will be the outcome of the 
Brexit process. However, management 
continually monitors the political 
environment and keeps the potential 
impact of Brexit under review and other 
global economic events such as the 
existing relationship between the US and 
China. The Group employs specialist skills 
within its functions and applies regular 
technical update training to constantly 
monitor the changing environment and 
latest government guidelines and industry 
best practice. 

26

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Directors’ Biographies

Sir Peter Williams, Chairman 

Sir Peter Williams, CBE, FREng, FRS, completed his degree and PhD at Cambridge University, and then 
taught at Imperial College. He then moved into industry, working at VG Instruments where he became 
Deputy Chief Executive and at Oxford Instruments, the first spin out from Oxford University, where he held 
the positions of CEO and Chairman. He also chaired Isis Innovation Ltd, the technology transfer arm of 
Oxford University. He received a CBE in 1992 and was knighted in the Queen’s Birthday Honours list of 1998. 
He was formerly Chairman of the National Physical Laboratory, VP and Treasurer of the Royal Society and 
Chairman of the Daiwa Anglo Japanese Foundation. 

Dr Arnab Basu, Chief Executive Officer
Dr Basu has a PhD in physics from Durham University, specialising in semiconducting sensor materials. He 
held senior management positions in his family business, serving over 250 major telecommunications and 
consumer electronics manufacturers, including Siemens and GEC. He also worked in commercial product 
development for Elmwood Sensors Ltd (Honeywell Group, UK). A prominent figure within the business 
community, Dr Basu was awarded EY ‘Entrepreneur of the Year’ (2009) and received an MBE for services to 
regional development and international trade (2014).

Mr Derek Bulmer, Chief Financial Officer and In-House Counsel
Mr Bulmer qualified as a Chartered Accountant in 1992 and as a Barrister in 2010.  He trained with Grant 
Thornton and has also worked with KPMG and undertaken several senior management roles with blue-chip 
public companies, including Bass plc, AWG plc and Ibstock plc. He has also held a number of roles as 
Finance Director of privately owned groups in both the IT and oil and gas industries.  Mr Bulmer has a wealth 
of experience in executing and managing business acquisitions plus significant aspects of the commercial 
and legal disciplines of corporate management and has undertaken several significant dispute resolutions and 
settlements.

Mr Lawrence Kinet, Non-Executive Director
Mr Kinet has over 40 years’ experience in the medical device and bio-pharmaceutical industry in leadership 
positions, most recently as Group Chief Executive of LMA International NV and President of Smiths Medical, 
London. Mr Kinet has raised more than $100m in funding for early stage companies, taking one through an 
IPO, and made over $1bn worth of acquisitions. His career began at Baxter International, running a number 
of overseas operations and eventually becoming President of Baxter’s International Division. He holds a BSc 
from the University of Birmingham (UK) and an MBA from the University of Chicago.

Mr Jerel Whittingham, Non-Executive Director, Remuneration Committee Chair

Mr Whittingham has extensive experience in investor, operational and strategy roles with technology-rich 
companies, including Incuvest LLC, Generics Group plc, Durlacher plc, Amphion Innovations plc, INMARSAT 
and a number of start-ups. He was appointed to the Board of Kromek Group plc in September 2013 and 
also served on the Board of DSC Ltd, a predecessor company of the Group. Currently he combines NED and 
operational roles in technology growth companies. He also served as CEO and later Executive Chairman of 
Myconostica Ltd, a medical technology company spun out from a leading UK university.

Mr Christopher Wilks, Non-Executive Director, Audit Committee Chair

Mr Wilks BSc, FCA, was formerly the Chief Financial Officer at Signum Technology, which he co-founded in 
2012. Prior to this, he was Chief Financial Officer at Sondex plc where he successfully managed their listing 
on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange in 2003 and made several post-IPO acquisitions. In 2007 
Sondex was acquired by GE. After graduating from Durham University with a BSc in Applied Physics and 
Electronics, Mr Wilks joined Marconi Space Systems designing power systems for space craft and then he 
trained as a Chartered Accountant at Arthur Young (now EY). After qualifying as a Chartered Accountant in 
audit, he became a Manager in the Corporate Finance team. His intimate understanding of the physics and 
financial worlds adds valuable insight and expertise to the Board of Kromek

27

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Directors’ Report

The Directors present their annual report on the affairs of the 
Group, together with the financial statements and auditor’s report, 
for the year ended 30 April 2020.

During the year ended 30 April 2020, the Group made political 
donations of £nil (2018/19: £nil) and charitable donations of £nil 
(2018/19: £nil).

principal activities

Directors

Kromek Group plc is the leading developer of radiation detectors 
based on cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), providing improved 
detection and characterisation capabilities within the medical 
imaging, nuclear detection and security screening markets. 
The Group realises revenue primarily on the sale of radiation 
equipment, development of radiation technology and for leading 
research into different potential applications of its detection 
technology.    

The Directors who served throughout the year and up to the date 
of signing this report (unless otherwise stated) were as follows:
Dr A Basu
Mr D Bulmer 
Sir P Williams
Mr L Kinet
Mr J H Whittingham
Mr C Wilks

Business and strategic review

The information that fulfils the requirements of the strategic report 
and business review, including details of the results for the year 
ended 30 April 2020, principal risks and uncertainties, research 
and development, financial KPIs and the outlook for future years, 
are set out in the Chairman’s Statement, Chief Executive Officer’s 
Review and the Chief Financial Officer’s Review, on pages 2- 13.

Future developments

The Group’s development objectives for 2020/21 are disclosed in 
the Strategic Report on pages 4-26.

The Directors continue to monitor the potential impacts of the 
UK’s decision to leave the European Union (EU). As the Group’s 
turnover is generated globally and the proportion of UK to EU 
trade is not a significant portion of this, and the Group has 
significant operations and manufacturing facilities in both the US 
and UK, the Directors believe the Group is strategically well-
placed to navigate whatever will be the outcome of the Brexit 
process. However, the Directors continually monitor the political 
environment and keep the potential impact of Brexit under 
review and other global economic events such as the existing 
relationship between the US and China. The Directors will put in 
place plans to reduce or mitigate the risks arising once they have 
been firmly established.

capital structure

The capital structure is intended to ensure and maintain strong 
credit ratings and healthy capital ratios in order to support the 
Group’s business and maximise shareholder value. It includes the 
monitoring of cash balances, available bank facilities and cash flows.

No changes were made to these objectives, policies or processes 
during the year ended 30 April 2020.

results and dividends

The emoluments and interests of the Directors in the shares of 
the Group are set out in the Remuneration Committee Report.

Details of significant events since the balance sheet date are 
contained in note 16 to the parent company financial statements.

Directors’ indemnities

The Group has made qualifying third-party indemnity provisions 
for the benefit of its Directors, which were made during the year 
and remain in force at the date of this report.

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities in respect of the 
annual report and the financial statements 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the annual report 
and the Group and parent Company financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations.  

Company law requires the Directors to prepare Group and parent 
Company financial statements for each financial year. Under the 
AIM Rules of the London Stock Exchange, they are required 
to prepare the Group financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU 
(IFRSs as adopted by the EU) and applicable law and they have 
elected to prepare the parent Company financial statements on 
the same basis.

Under Company law, the Directors must not approve the financial 
statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view of the state of affairs of the Group and parent Company and of 
their profit or loss for that period. In preparing each of the Group and 
parent Company financial statements, the Directors are required to:  
•	 select	suitable	accounting	policies	and	then	apply	them	

consistently;  

•	 make	judgements	and	estimates	that	are	reasonable,	relevant	

and reliable;  

•	 state	whether	they	have	been	prepared	in	accordance	with	

IFRSs as adopted by the EU;  

The consolidated income statement is set out on page 48.

•	 assess	the	Group	and	parent	Company’s	ability	to	continue	

The Group’s loss after taxation and exceptional items amounted 
to £16.5m (2018/19 restated: £0.6m).

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend for 
the year ended 30 April 2020.

as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related 
to going concern; and  

•	 use	the	going	concern	basis	of	accounting	unless	they	either	
intend to liquidate the Group or the parent Company or to 
cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.  

28

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are sufficient to show and explain the parent 
Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy 
at any time the financial position of the parent Company and 
enable them to ensure that its financial statements comply with 
the Companies Act 2006. They are responsible for such internal 
control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation 
of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error, and have general responsibility for 
taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard 
the assets of the Group and to prevent and detect fraud and 
other irregularities.  

Under applicable law and regulations, the Directors are also 
responsible for preparing a Strategic Report and a Directors’ 
Report that complies with that law and those regulations.  

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity 
of the corporate and financial information included on the 
Company’s website. Legislation in the UK governing the 
preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ 
from legislation in other jurisdictions.  

employees

Kromek develops and manufactures products and systems that 
are designed to make the world a safer place. The Board and 
senior management value technological development in the 
Group’s sector and actively support developments that lead to 
better scanning and detection systems. To this end, Kromek 
participates in technology transfer projects, and works with 
many universities and other places of learning worldwide. The 
Board, executive team and staff are active across a wide range 
of industry steering groups, organisations and other stakeholder 
organisations. All staff are encouraged to meet and participate 
in events and conferences that operate in their area of expertise. 
The Group’s learning and development policy encourages 
employees to further their professional development. Operating 
a business that is fair and equitable for all is vital to the Group’s 
success. Kromek’s ethical values are outlined in its:
•	
•	
•	
•	
•	

Equal	opportunity	policy;
Personal	harassment	policy;
Family-friendly	policy;
Equality,	inclusion	and	diversity	policy;	and
Anti-bribery	and	corruption	policy.

These policies are circulated to staff as part of the employee 
manual, and reminders are sent on a regular basis as the manual 
is updated and changed.

The Group has several routes in place to reinforce ethical 
behaviour, which, depending upon the situation, could be 
resolved in a regular one-to-one meeting, personal improvement 
plan or in more severe action, including immediate dismissal.

The Group’s current number of staff at the date of this report is 
132 and the percentage of this number that is female is 33%. 

Auditor

Each of the persons who is a Director at the date of approval of 
this annual report confirms that:

•	 so	far	as	the	Director	is	aware,	there	is	no	relevant	audit	
information of which the Group’s auditor is unaware; and

•	

the	Director	has	taken	all	the	steps	that	he	ought	to	have	
taken as a Director in order to make himself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the Group’s 
auditor is aware of that information.

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in 
accordance with the provisions of Section 418 of the Companies 
Act 2006.

Substantial shareholders

As at 30 April 2020, shareholders holding more than 3% of the 
share capital of Kromek Group plc were:

Name of shareholder

Number 
of shares

% of voting 
rights

Miton Asset Management Ltd

55,099,914

Canaccord Genuity Wealth 
Management

Hargreaves Lansdown Asset 
Management

Polymer Holdings

Interactive Investor

Herald Investment 
Management

32,628,355

22,459,102

20,273,475

19,625,659

17,747,059

Killik Asset Management

11,926,952

Kromek Group Former 
Directors (UK)

10,709,844

By order of the Board

15.99

9.47

6.52

5.88

5.69

5.15

3.46

3.11

Dr Arnab Basu mBe 
Chief Executive Officer 
6 October 2020

29

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Corporate Governance Report

The Directors recognise the importance of sound corporate governance and have chosen to apply the Quoted Companies Alliance 
Corporate Governance Code (the “QCA Code”). The QCA Code was developed by the QCA, in consultation with a number of significant 
institutional small company investors, as a corporate governance code applicable to companies with shares traded on AIM.

principle 

compliance 

1.  Establish a strategy and business 

model which promote long-term 
value for shareholders

•	 Kromek	is	a	leading	supplier	of	radiation	detection	components	and	devices.
•	 The	Group	strategy	is	set	out	on	pages	4	to	26	in	the	Strategic	Report	section	of	this	Annual	Report.	
•	 The	Board	normally	meets	formally	at	least	four	times	per	year	in	person	and	four	times	per	year	

telephonically. One of the Board’s direct responsibilities is setting and monitoring strategy.

2.  Seek to understand and 

meet shareholder needs and 
expectations

•	

Investor	roadshow	meetings	are	held	at	least	twice	per	year	immediately	following	the	full	year	and	interim	
announcements.

•	 Shareholders	are	invited	to	the	AGM	held	in	Sedgefield	where	all	Board	members	have	the	opportunity	to	

3.  Take into account wider 

stakeholder and social 
responsibilities and their 
implications for long-term 
success

interact with shareholders and are available to answer questions raised. 

•	 Shareholder	feedback	is	received	from	our	Nomads	and	all	shareholder	feedback	is	discussed	at	Board	

meetings.

•	 For	further	information,	see	Section	172	statement	on	page	26	of	this	Annual	Report.

•	

In	terms	of	employees,	regular	meetings	are	held	with	management	tiers	to	discuss	strategy,	keep	
employees updated, seek feedback and promote employee engagement.   

•	 The	Group	engages	in	continuous	communication	and	engagement	with	customers	in	order	to	understand	

their needs and requirements. 

•	 The	procurement	team	maintains	strong	relationships	with	existing	suppliers	whilst	promoting	new	

partnerships with new suppliers.

•	 For	further	information,	see	Section	172	statement	on	page	26	of	this	Annual	Report.

4.  Embedded effective risk 

•	 The	Board	has	overall	responsibility	for	risk	management	and	is	assisted	by	the	Audit	Committee	in	

management, considering 
both opportunities and threats 
throughout the organisation

monitoring the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group as well as the actions taken to mitigate 
those risks.

•	 The	Group’s	significant	risks	are	reviewed	and	assessed	throughout	the	year.
•	 The	significant	risks	are	disclosed	on	pages	24	–	26	of	the	Strategic	Report	within	this	Annual	Report.	

5.  Maintain the Board as a well-

functioning, balanced team led by 
the Chairman

•	 The	Board	is	led	by	the	Non-Executive	Chairman,	Sir	Peter	Williams.
•	 The	members	of	the	Board	maintain	the	appropriate	balance	of	experience,	independence	and	knowledge	

of the Group.

•	 For	further	information,	please	see	page	27	of	this	Annual	Report.

6.  Ensure that between them the 

•	 Between	the	four	Non-Executive	Directors	and	the	two	Executive	Directors,	the	Board	has	an	effective	

Directors have the necessary 
up-to-date experience, skills and 
capabilities

7.  Evaluate Board performance 
based on clear and relevant 
objectives, seeking continuous 
improvements

8.  Promote a corporate culture that 
is based on ethical values and 
behaviours

balance of skills, experience and capabilities including finance, technology, law and knowledge of the 
medical sector. 

•	 Biographies	of	each	Director	can	be	found	on	page	27	of	this	Annual	Report.	

•	 The	Remuneration	Committee	evaluates	Executive	Director	performance	alongside	remuneration	and	

reward.

•	 With	regards	to	financial	performance,	the	Audit	Committee	meets	with	the	Auditors	to	plan	the	year-end	

audit, followed up by a meeting to review the results of the audit.

•	 The	Group’s	ethical	values	are	outlined	on	page	29	of	this	Annual	Report.
•	 All	staff	are	encouraged	to	meet	and	participate	in	events	and	conferences	that	operate	in	their	area	
of expertise. The Group’s learning and development policy encourages employees to further their 
professional development.

9.  Maintain governance structures 

•	 As	noted	in	principle	1,	the	Board	normally	meets	formally	at	least	four	times	per	year	in	person	and	four	

and processes and support good 
decision making by the Board

10.  Communicate how the Group 
is governed and is performing 
by maintaining a dialogue with 
shareholders and other relevant 
stakeholders

times per year telephonically.

•	 The	Audit	Committee	also	meets	two	times	per	year	and	one	of	its	key	responsibilities	is	to	review	the	

effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting and consider key financial judgements 
made in the financial statements.

•	 The	Group’s	financial	results	and	internal	controls	are	also	audited	by	external	Auditors	to	ensure	they	are	

consistent with the Audit Committee’s understanding. 

•	 Communication	with	shareholders	is	explained	in	principle	2	above.
•	 The	Group’s	website	details	RNS	announcements	and	copies	of	the	Annual	and	Interim	reports.		

This information is available on the Group’s website. Please visit www.kromek.com.

30

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

The Board

The Board normally meets formally at least four times per 
year in person and four times per year telephonically. Its direct 
responsibilities include approving annual budgets, reviewing 
trading performance, approving significant capital expenditure, 
ensuring adequate funding, setting and monitoring strategy and 
reporting to shareholders. The Non-Executive Directors have a 
particular responsibility to ensure that the strategies proposed by 
the Executive Directors are fully considered.

Board meetings

The Board met five times in person during the year ended 30 
April 2020, including one AGM. The following details the Board 
meetings during 2019/20 and the attendees:

Date

26/06/2019

25/09/2019

26/10/2019 
(AGM)

10/12/2019

04/03/2020

Attendees

Sir Peter Williams
Arnab Basu
Derek Bulmer
Lawrence Kinet
Jerel Whittingham
Christopher Wilks

Sir Peter Williams
Arnab Basu
Derek Bulmer
Lawrence Kinet
Jerel Whittingham
Christopher Wilks

Sir Peter Williams
Arnab Basu
Derek Bulmer
Lawrence Kinet
Jerel Whittingham
Christopher Wilks

Sir Peter Williams
Arnab Basu
Derek Bulmer
Lawrence Kinet
Jerel Whittingham
Christopher Wilks

Sir Peter Williams
Arnab Basu
Derek Bulmer
Lawrence Kinet
Jerel Whittingham
Christopher Wilks

Board effectiveness

The Board has set out, in the contract for Non-Executive 
Directors, the time commitment required and asked for 
confirmation that the Director can devote enough time to meet 
the expectations of the Board. 

The Board currently anticipates a minimum time commitment of 
one day per month and further days if required for the satisfactory 
fulfilment of Directors’ duties. This includes attendance at five 
Board meetings per annum, including attendance at four in 
person, the AGM, any general meeting, one annual Board 
away day and at least one site visit per year. Also, Directors are 
expected to devote appropriate preparation time ahead of each 
meeting. 

The Board requires the Directors to disclose any other significant 
time commitments and to obtain the agreement of the Chairman, 
or in the event that the Chairman has a conflict of interest in 
relation to such matter, obtain the agreement of one of the 
Company’s independent Non-Executive Directors, before 
accepting additional commitments that might affect their time to 
devote to the role as a Non-Executive Director of the Company.

The Board is satisfied that, between the Directors, the executive 
team and senior management, the Group has an effective and 
appropriate balance of skills and experience. These include the 
areas of technology, business operation, finance, innovation, 
international trading and marketing. All Directors have extensive 
technical qualifications and experience relating to their area of 
operation.

The Board conducts half yearly reviews of the effectiveness of its 
performance as a unit and of the individual members, meeting 
with Board members to discuss their involvement with the 
Company to ensure that: 
1.  their contribution is relevant and effective;
2.  that they are committed to Kromek and its values; and
3.  where relevant, they have maintained their independence.

In order to measure the effectiveness of the Board against these 
three points, four areas of performance are considered:

1.  Process and relationships 

•	 Effective	in	dispatching	business	in	and	between	

meetings.

•	 Good	internal	board	dynamics.	
•	 Good	key	relationships.

2.  Coverage 

•	 Focuses	on	key	issues	and	risks.	
•	

Initiative-taking,	dealing	with	crises	and	identifying	
emerging issues. 

3.  Impact 

•	 Contributes	to	the	Company’s	performance.

4.  Sustainability 

•	 Aware	of,	and	interested	in,	good	practice.

The above forms a basis for discussion around performance in 
one-to-one discussions with Board members, CEO, CFO and 
Chairman to measure effectiveness. These occur after Board 
meetings and during other meetings with the senior team. The 
Board has not adopted any more mechanistic performance 
exercises, but this is always under consideration and may be 
adopted in the future.

relations with stakeholders

Shareholders
The Company communicates with shareholders through 
the Annual Report and Accounts, full-year and half-year 
announcements, regulatory announcements, the Annual General 
Meeting (AGM) and one-to-one meetings with existing and 
potential new shareholders. The Chairman aims to ensure that 
the Chairs of the Audit and Remuneration Committees are 

31

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Corporate Governance Report (Continued)

available at the Annual General Meeting to answer questions. All 
regulatory announcements along with annual reports and notices 
of all general meetings over the last five years are available on the 
corporate website and are publicised through Kromek’s social 
media channels and newsletters.

The Board receives regular updates on the views of shareholders 
through briefings and reports from Investor Relations, the CEO, 
CFO and the Company’s brokers. The Company communicates 
with institutional investors frequently through briefings with 
management and, at a minimum, at the time of the publication of 
the half year and full year results. 

Broader stakeholders

Kromek develops and manufactures products and systems 
that are designed to make the world a safer place. To support 
this goal, Kromek participates in technology transfer projects, 
and works with many universities and other places of learning 
worldwide. The Board, executive team and staff are active across 
a wide range of industry steering groups, organisations and other 
stakeholder organisations. 

As noted in the Directors’ Report above, the Group’s learning 
and development policy encourages employees to further their 
professional development. The Group also has a number of 
policies to ensure the operation of a business that is fair and 
equitable for all.

Audit committee

The Audit Committee is chaired by Christopher Wilks, an 
Independent Non-Executive Director. The other members are 
Sir Peter Williams, Lawrence Kinet and Jerel Whittingham, all 
Independent Non-Executive Directors. The committee meets at 
least two times a year.

The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing the half-year 
and annual financial statements, interim management statements, 
preliminary results announcements and any other formal 
announcement or presentation relating to the Group’s financial 
performance. 

The Audit Committee reviews significant financial returns to 
regulators and any financial information covered in certain other 
documents such as announcements of a price sensitive nature. 

The Audit Committee also reviews the effectiveness of the 
Group’s internal control over financial reporting and considers key 
financial judgements made in the financial statements.

The Audit Committee advises the Board on the appointment of 
external auditors and on their remuneration (both for audit and 
non-audit work) and discusses the nature, scope and results 
of the audit with the auditors. The Audit Committee reviews 
the extent of the non-audit services provided by the auditors 
and reviews with them their independence and objectivity. The 
Chairman of the Audit Committee reports the outcome of Audit 
Committee meetings to the Board and the Board receives 
minutes of the meetings.

32

The Audit Committee meets two times per year and the following 
details the Audit Committee meetings and attendees during the 
year ended 30 April 2020:

Date

25/06/2019

10/12/2019

Attendees

Christopher Wilks (Chair)
Sir Peter Williams
Derek Bulmer
Lawrence Kinet
Jerel Whittingham

Christopher Wilks (Chair)
Sir Peter Williams
Derek Bulmer
Lawrence Kinet
Jerel Whittingham

remuneration committee

The Remuneration Committee is chaired by Jerel Whittingham, 
an Independent Non-Executive Director. The other member 
is Lawrence Kinet, an Independent Non-Executive Director. 
The committee is responsible for making recommendations to 
the Board, within agreed terms of reference, on the Group’s 
framework of executive remuneration and its cost. The committee 
determines the contract terms, remuneration and other benefits 
for each of the Executive Directors, including performance-related 
bonus schemes and pension rights. Further details of the Group’s 
policies on remuneration and service contracts are given in the 
Remuneration Committee Report on pages 35 to 37.

Internal control

The Board is responsible for establishing and maintaining 
the Group’s system of internal control and for reviewing its 
effectiveness. The system is designed to manage rather than 
eliminate the risk of failure to achieve the Group’s strategic 
objectives and can only provide reasonable and not absolute 
assurance against material misstatement or loss. The Directors 
have set out below some of the key aspects of the Group’s 
internal control procedures.

An ongoing process has been established for identifying, 
evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the Group. 
The process has been in place for the full year under review 
and up to the date of approval of the annual report and financial 
statements. The Board regularly reviews this process as part of its 
review of such risks within its meetings. Where any weaknesses 
are identified, an action plan is prepared to address the issues 
and is then implemented.

Each year the Board approves the annual budget. Key risk areas 
are identified, reviewed and monitored. Performance is monitored 
against budget, relevant action is taken throughout the year and 
updated forecasts are prepared as appropriate.

Capital and development expenditure is regulated by a budgetary 
process and authorisation levels. For expenditure beyond 
specified levels, detailed written proposals have to be submitted 
to the Board for approval. Reviews are carried out after the 
purchase is complete. The Board requires management to explain 
any major deviations from authorised capital proposals and to 
seek further sanction from the Board.

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

The Board has reviewed the need for an internal audit function 
and concluded that this is not currently necessary in view of the 
small size of the Group and the close supervision by the senior 
leadership team of its day-to-day operations. The Board will 
continue to keep this under review.

The Group has a whistle-blowing policy and procedures to 
encourage staff to contact the Audit Committee if they need to 
raise matters of concern other than via the Executive Directors 
and senior leadership team.

Going concern

As at 30 April 2020, the Group had net current assets of £12.3m 
(30 April 2019: £36.5m) and cash and cash equivalents of 
£9.4m (30 April 2019: £20.6m) as set out in the consolidated 
statement of financial position. The Directors have prepared 
detailed forecasts of the Group’s financial performance over 
the next two years. As a result of COVID-19, a revised base 
case scenario was assessed along with a severe but plausible 
downside less likely scenario. In the revised base case scenario, 
with continued support from HSBC, the Group has adequate 
resources to operate for at least the next 12 months. In the 
severe but plausible downside, stress test scenario beyond the 
Board’s estimate of revised base case, it is possible that the 
Group may breach one of the bank’s five covenants during the 
12 month going concern review period. It should be noted that 
the Board has specifically excluded any significant upsides from 
these scenarios or mitigating cost reductions, despite COVID-19 
representing potential major opportunities for the Group in terms 
of its biological detection capabilities and license agreement 
to manufacture ventilators. As a result of this review, which 
incorporated sensitivities and risk analysis, the Directors believe 
that the Group has sufficient resources and working capital to 
meet its present and foreseeable obligations for a period of at 
least 12 months from approval of these financial statements. 
Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in 
preparing the Group financial statements. For further reference, 
please refer to the basis of preparation note (page 53). 

33

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Audit Committee Report

The Audit Committee also assesses the auditor’s independence 
and performance. The year ended 30 April 2020 represents 
the first year that Rebecca Pett, the KPMG LLP audit partner 
and Responsible Individual (RI), has signed the accounts. She 
has replaced David Mitchell as the RI in the year following staff 
rotation. The year ended 30 April 2020 represents the third year 
that KPMG LLP have acted as the external auditor of the Group.

Audit process

The auditor prepares an audit plan for its review of the full year 
financial statements. The audit plan sets out the scope of the 
audit, areas to be targeted and audit timetable. This plan is 
reviewed and agreed in advance by the Audit Committee for 
discussion. No major areas of concern were highlighted by the 
auditor during the year; however, during the audit period, areas 
of significant risk, audit differences and other matters of audit 
relevance are regularly communicated. The auditor currently 
calculates materiality using the Group’s normalised loss before 
tax. As the Group’s loss before tax (before exceptional items) 
has increased to £5.3m during 2019/20 (2018/19: £1.3m), the 
materiality of the Group has consequently increased by 11% 
to £167k (2018/19: £150k). There were no unadjusted material 
differences reported by the auditor to the Audit Committee.

Internal audit

At present the Group does not have an internal audit function, 
and the Audit Committee believes that management is able to 
derive assurance as to the adequacy and effectiveness of internal 
controls and risk management procedures without one.  

risk management and internal controls

As described on pages 32 to 33 of the Corporate Governance 
Report, the Group has established a framework of risk 
management and internal control systems, policies, and 
procedures. The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing the 
risk management and internal control framework and ensuring 
that it operates effectively. During the year, the Audit Committee 
reviewed the framework and is satisfied that the internal control 
systems in place are currently operating effectively.

Whistleblowing

The Group has in place a whistleblowing policy that sets out 
the formal process by which any employee of the Group may, 
in confidence, raise concerns about possible improprieties in 
financial reporting or other matters.  

christopher Wilks
Audit Committee Chairman
6 October 2020

On behalf of the Board, I am pleased to present the Audit 
Committee report for the year ended 30 April 2020.

The Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that the financial 
performance of the Group is properly reported and reviewed. Its 
role includes monitoring the integrity of the financial statements, 
reviewing internal control and risk management systems, 
reviewing any changes to accounting policies, and reviewing and 
monitoring the extent of the non-audit services undertaken by 
external auditors outside the committee schedule to ensure there 
is full opportunity for discussion.

members of the Audit committee

The Committee consists of four Independent Non-Executive 
Directors: me (as Chair), Sir Peter Williams, Lawrence Kinet and 
Jerel Whittingham. 

The Board is satisfied that I, as Chairman of the Committee, have 
recent and relevant financial experience. I was formerly Chief 
Financial Officer at Signum Technology, which I co-founded in 
2012. Prior to this, I was Chief Financial Officer at Sondex plc, 
where I successfully managed their listing on the Main Market of 
the London Stock Exchange in 2003 and made several post-
IPO acquisitions. In 2007, Sondex was acquired by GE. After 
graduating from Durham University with a BSc in Applied Physics 
and Electronics, I initially joined Marconi Space Systems designing 
power systems for space craft, and then trained as a Chartered 
Accountant at Arthur Young (now EY). 

Duties

The main duties of the Audit Committee are set out in its Terms of 
Reference, which are available on the Company’s website (www.
kromek.com) and are available on request from the Company 
Secretary.

The main items of business considered by the Audit Committee 
during the year included:

review	of	the	financial	statements	and	annual	report;

•	
•	 consideration	of	the	external	audit	report	and	management	

representation letter;
•	 going	concern	review;
•	
•	
•	
•	
•	 assessment	of	the	need	for	an	internal	audit	function;	and
•	 meeting	with	the	external	auditor	without	management	

review	of	the	2020	audit	plan	and	audit	engagement	letter;
review	of	suitability	of	the	external	auditors;
review	of	the	risk	management	and	internal	control	systems;
review	and	approval	of	the	interim	results;

present.

role of the external auditor

The Audit Committee monitors the relationship with the external 
auditor, KPMG LLP, to ensure that auditor independence 
and objectivity are maintained. As part of its review, the Audit 
Committee monitors the provision of non-audit services by the 
external auditor. The breakdown of fees between audit and 
non-audit services is provided in note 6 of the Group’s financial 
statements. The non-audit fees related to the interim review, as 
well as LTIP, compliance and tax advice for the Group.

34

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Remuneration Committee Report (Unaudited)

As the Group is AIM listed, the Directors are not required, 
under Section 420(1) of the Companies Act 2006, to prepare 
a Directors’ remuneration report for each financial year of the 
Group and so Kromek makes the following disclosures voluntarily, 
which are not intended to comply with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006.

The Remuneration Committee and Board use external 
independent advisors to provide guidance on benchmarks, 
scheme structures and metrics. KPMG LLP provided advice on 
LTIP best practice, but not on specific executive schemes. The 
use of KPMG in this capacity predated their role as the Group’s 
auditor.    

The Remuneration Committee is responsible for recommending 
the remuneration and other terms of employment for the 
Executive Directors of Kromek Group plc.

In determining remuneration for the year, the Remuneration 
Committee has given consideration to the requirements of the UK 
Corporate Governance Code.

remuneration policy

The remuneration of Executive Directors is determined by 
the Remuneration Committee and the remuneration of Non-
Executive Directors is approved by the full Board of Directors. The 
remuneration of the Chairman is determined by the Independent 
Non-Executive Directors.

The remuneration packages of Executive Directors comprise the 
following elements:

Basic salary and benefits

Basic salaries for Executive Directors are reviewed annually, 
having regard to individual performance and market practice. In 
most cases, benefits provided to Executive Directors comprise 
the provision of a Group car, or appropriate allowance, health 
insurance and contributions to a Group personal pension 
scheme.

Annual bonus

A contractual bonus is awarded at the end of each financial 
year, the quantum of which is at the discretion of the Board, 
having considered the recommendations of the Remuneration 
Committee. The maximum bonus currently ranges from between 
25%–100% of basic salary to reward executives’ contribution 
to the growth in revenue, and specific targeted or strategic 
objectives.

Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”)

The Group believes that share ownership by Executive Directors 
and employees strengthens the link between their personal 
interests and those of the Group and the shareholders.

The Group has executive incentive schemes, which are designed 
to promote long-term improvement in the performance of the 
Group, sustained increase in shareholder value and clear linkage 
between executive reward and the Group’s performance.

The LTIP is based on total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to 
an AIM peer group. Any awards made vest only after three years. 
The annual LTIP award was reduced to reflect the introduction of 
a parallel value creation share plan (“VC”) following the 2017/18 
review. The VC will vest from May 2022 to 2024 and pay-outs, if 
any, are based on the absolute value of the Group at that date. 
There is a minimum value threshold before any pay-out may occur 
and a maximum value cap.

Service contracts

Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer have service contracts with notice 
periods (to the Company) of nine and six months respectively. 

The Remuneration Committee considers the Directors’ notice 
periods to be appropriate as they are in line with the market and 
take account of the Directors’ knowledge and experience.

Non-executive Directors

The salaries of the Non-Executive Directors are determined by the 
full Board within the limits set out in the Memorandum and Articles 
of Association. The Non-Executive Directors are not eligible for 
bonuses or share options.

Directors’ emoluments (Audited)

Emoluments of the Directors for the year ended 30 April 2020 are 
shown below.

pension contributions

During the year, the Group made annual pension contributions 
for Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer to a personal pension scheme 
(i.e. a defined contribution scheme). Neither benefits in kind nor 
bonuses are pensionable.

Details of contributions payable by the Group are:

Year ended

Director

Arnab Basu

Derek Bulmer

30 April 2020
£’000

30 April 2019
£’000

10

10

10

10

Directors’ shareholdings

Beneficial interests of the Directors in the shares of the Group are 
shown below:

Arnab Basu

Derek Bulmer

Peter Williams

Lawrence Kinet

Jerel Whittingham

Christopher Wilks

30 April 2020

30 April 2019

Number

2,972,000

132,292

200,000

300,000

364,890

175,000

%

0.9

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Number

2,952,000

112,292

150,000

300,000

364,890

125,000

%

0.9

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

35

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Remuneration Committee Report (Continued)

Directors’ emoluments for the year ended 30 April 2020

The table below forms part of the audited financial statements:

Non-executive chairman

Sir Peter Williams

executive

Arnab Basu

Derek Bulmer

Non-executive

Lawrence Kinet

Jerel Whittingham

Christopher Wilks

Graeme Speirs*

Total

Salary 
£’000

Benefits 
£’000

Bonus 
paid  
£’000

Pension 
contributions   
£’000

Total 
emoluments 
2019/20
£’000

Total 
emoluments 
2018/19  
 £’000

69

210

172

36

39

39

-

565

-

11

4

-

-

-

-

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10

10

-

-

1

-

21

69

231

186

36

39

40

-

601

74

316

219

38

41

40

15

743

*Graeme Speirs resigned from his position as a Non-Executive Director in the prior year ended 30 April 2019.

executive Directors’ share incentive scheme 
(lTIp)
Share incentive scheme for Arnab Basu, Chief Executive 
Officer, and Derek Bulmer, Chief Financial Officer

The  Remuneration  Committee  agreed,  in  October  2019,  an 
incentive award scheme for Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer, to offer 
them up to 443,038 and 358,650 shares respectively, at a price of 
1p per share to vest based on specified performance criteria.

The  Remuneration  Committee  agreed,  in  January  2019,  an 
incentive award scheme for Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer, to offer 
them up to 411,765 and 333,333 shares respectively, at a price of 
1p per share to vest based on specified performance criteria.

The  Remuneration  Committee  agreed,  in  December  2017,  an 
incentive award scheme for Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer, to offer 
them up to 438,202 and 307,865 shares respectively, at a price of 
1p per share to vest based on specified performance criteria.

These  share  incentives  noted  above  are  measured  by  a  Total 
Shareholder  Return  (TSR)  condition,  calculated  as  the  average 
total  return  in  comparison  to  a  peer  group.  The  Board  received 
specialist  advice  from  the  Group’s  auditor  throughout  the  year 
when the Group was not engaged in either the interim review or 
statutory audit process. 

As  at  30  April  2020,  the  shares  issued  in  2018,  2019  and  2020 
remained unvested. 

During  2017/18,  a  new  incentive  award  scheme  was  introduced 
regarding an Average Valuation Creation of the Company, referred 
to as the “VC”. This has awarded Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer 
2,001,791 and 1,601,432 options under the scheme respectively. 
These options only vest after five years (at 1p per share) and are 
subject  to  challenging  specific  performance  criteria  over  that 
period  commencing  1  May  2017.  The  quantity  of  options  that 
vest  is  weighted,  such  that  the  maximum  amount  only  vests  on 
achievement of all performance criteria.

Share price during the year

During  the  year  to  30  April  2020,  the  highest  share  price  was 
27.00p (2018/19: 31.34p) and the lowest share price was 10.50p 
(2018/19: 21.22p). The market price of the shares at 30 April 2020 
was 20.00p (30 April 2019: 25.50p).

Directors’ interests in material contracts

No  Director  was  materially  interested  either  at  the  year-end  or 
during the year in any contract of significance to the Group other 
than their employment or service contract.

36

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

executive Directors’ share options

The following table shows the movement in the total share options 
that have been granted to Arnab Basu and Derek Bulmer (separate 
to those under the LTIP scheme as detailed on the previous page). 
These options are not linked to any specified performance criteria:

Director

Date of grant

exercise 
price p

At 1 may 2019 
number

Awarded 
during the 
year

exercised 
during the 
year

At 30 April 2020 
number

expiry date

Arnab Basu

20 Nov 2011

Derek Bulmer

13 Sept 2010

Derek Bulmer

15 Oct 2012

Derek Bulmer

31 May 2013

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

1,000,000

500,000

125,000

250,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,000,000

20 Sept 2021

500,000

13 Sept 2020

125,000

15 Oct 2022

250,000

31 May 2023

37

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

This page is left intentionally blank

38

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Kromek Group plc
Annual report and accounts for the
year ended 30 April 2020

Financial Statements

39

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members of Kromek Group plc 

1 

our opINIoN IS uNmoDIFIeD

We have audited the financial statements of Kromek Group 
plc (“the company”) for the year ended 30 April 2020 which 
comprise the consolidated income statement, consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of 
financial position, consolidated  statement of changes in equity, 
consolidated statement of cash flows, company statement of 
financial position, company statement of changes in equity, 
company statement of cash flows, and the related notes, 
including the accounting policies in note 2.   

In our opinion: 
—  the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of 
the Group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 30 April 
2020 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended;  

—  the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
as adopted by the European Union (IFRSs as adopted by the 
EU);   

—  the parent company financial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU 
and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the 
Companies Act 2006; and 

—  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance 

with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion  

We conducted our audit in accordance with International 
Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law.  
Our responsibilities are described below. We have fulfilled our 
ethical responsibilities under, and are independent of the Group 
in accordance with, UK ethical requirements including the FRC 
Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities. We believe that the 
audit evidence we have obtained is a sufficient and appropriate 
basis for our opinion.

overview

Materiality: 
Group financial 
statements as a whole

£167,000 (2019: £150,000)
5% (2019: 5%) of normalised Group 
loss before tax

Coverage

100% (2019: 100%) of Group loss 
before tax

Key audit matters                                                        vs 2019

Recurring 
risks

Revenue recognition on contracts 
ongoing at year end

Recoverability of development costs 

Parent company: investment and 
receivables recoverability 

Going Concern

The impact of uncertainties due to the 
UK exiting the European Union

Event 
driven

New: Recoverability of amounts 
receivable on contract assets (‘AROC’)

New: Recoverable amount of goodwill

p

tu

tu

p

tu

40

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

2 

mATerIAl uNcerTAINTY relATeD To GoING coNcerN

The risk

Going Concern
We draw attention to note 2 to the 
financial statements which indicates 
that the Group is subject to a number of 
covenants in respect of its borrowings. 
Whilst the Group’s base case forecasts 
do not indicate a breach of the 
covenants (due to obtaining a waiver 
from its lender) the severe but plausible 
downside scenario does indicate a 
breach of the covenants. The successful 
replacement of its revolving credit 
facilities, due to expire in April 2022, is 
also uncertain.

The continued availability of the Group’s 
bank facilities and the successful 
replacement of the revolving credit 
facility in April 2022, along with the other 
matters explained in note 2,constitute 
a material uncertainty that may cast 
significant doubt on the Group and 
Company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern.

Our opinion is not modified in respect of 
this matter.

Disclosure quality

Our procedures included:

our response

There is little judgement involved in the 
directors’ conclusion that risks and 
circumstances described in note 2 to the 
financial statements represent a material 
uncertainty over the ability of the Group 
and company to continue as a going 
concern for a period of at least a year 
from the date of approval of the financial 
statements.

However, clear and full disclosure of 
the facts and the directors’ rationale 
for the use of the going concern basis 
of preparation, including that there is 
a related material uncertainty, is a key 
financial statement disclosure and so 
was the focus of our audit in this area.  
Auditing standards require that to be 
reported as a key audit matter.

Historical comparisons: We assessed the 
reasonableness of the cash flow forecasts 
by considering the historical accuracy of the 
previous forecasts.
Sensitivity analysis: We considered 
sensitivities over the level of available financial 
resources indicated by the Group’s financial 
forecasts, including revenue cash flows, taking 
account of reasonably plausible but severe 
downsides that could arise individually and 
collectively.
Test of detail: We tested the integrity of the 
cash flow models.

Independent reperformance: We recalculated 
the borrowing covenant calculations in each of 
management’s forecasts.

Inspection: We inspected the signed covenant 
waiver agreement with the lender.

Assessing transparency: We assessed the 
completeness and accuracy of the matters 
covered in the going concern disclosure by 
reference to our audit findings from the above 
procedures and our understanding of the 
Group’s business.

41

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Independent Auditor’s Report (Continued) 

3. 

oTher KeY AuDIT mATTerS: INcluDING our ASSeSSmeNT oF rISKS oF mATerIAl mISSTATemeNT

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements 
and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) identified by us, including those 
which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the 
engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Going concern is a significant key audit matter and is 
described in section 2 of our report. In arriving at our audit opinion above, the other key audit matters were as follows: 

The risk

The impact of uncertainties due to the 
UK exiting the European Union 

Refer to pages 24-26 (principal risks), 
page 34 (Audit Committee Report), 
pages 53-61 (accounting policy) and 
pages 63-86 (financial disclosures).

Extreme levels of uncertainty 

The UK left the European Union (EU) 
on 31 January 2020 and entered an 
implementation period which is due to 
operate until 31 December 2020.  At that 
point current trade agreements with the 
European Union terminate.  The UK is 
entering negotiations over future trading 
relationships with the EU and a number 
of other countries.  Where new trade 
agreements are not in place World Trade 
Organisation (WTO) arrangements will 
be in force, meaning among other things 
import and export tariffs, quotas and border 
inspections, which may cause delivery 
delays.  Different potential outcomes of 
these trade negotiations could have wide 
ranging impacts on the Group’s operations 
and the future economic environment in the 
UK and EU. 

All audits assess and challenge the 
reasonableness of estimates, in particular 
as described in recoverability of 
development costs, valuation of goodwill 
and parent company: investment and 
receivables recoverability below, and related 
disclosures; and the appropriateness of the 
going concern basis of preparation of the 
financial statements (see previous page).  
All of these depend on assessments of 
the future economic environment and the 
Group’s future prospects and performance. 

The uncertainty over the UK’s future trading 
relationships with the rest of the world 
and related economic effects give rise to 
extreme levels of uncertainty, with the full 
range of possible effects currently unknown.

our response

We developed a standardised firm-wide 
approach to the consideration of the 
uncertainties arising from the UK’s departure 
from the EU in planning and performing our 
audits. Our procedures included:

Our knowledge of the business: We 
considered the directors’ assessment of 
risks arising from different outcomes to the 
trade negotiations for the Group’s business 
and financial resources compared with 
our own understanding of the risks.  We 
considered the directors’ plans to take 
action to mitigate the risks.

Sensitivity analysis: When addressing 
recoverability of development costs, 
valuation of goodwill and parent company, 
investment and receivables recoverability 
and other areas that depend on forecasts, 
we compared the directors’ analysis to our 
assessment of the full range of reasonably 
possible scenarios resulting from these 
uncertainties and, where forecast cash flows 
are required to be discounted, considered 
adjustments to discount rates for the level of 
remaining uncertainty.

Assessing transparency: As well as 
assessing individual disclosures as part 
of our procedures on going concern, 
recoverability of development costs, parent 
company: investment and receivables 
recoverability and valuation of goodwill we 
considered all of the disclosures concerning 
uncertainties related to the UK’s future 
trading relationships together, including 
those in the strategic report, comparing the 
overall picture against our understanding of 
the risks.

42

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

3. 

oTher KeY AuDIT mATTerS: INcluDING our ASSeSSmeNT oF rISKS oF mATerIAl mISSTATemeNT (coNT.)

Group: Contract revenue recognition

Subjective estimate

Our procedures included: 

The risk

our response

(£0; 2019: £5,278,000)

Refer to page 34 (Audit Committee 
Report), pages 53-61 (accounting 
policy) and pages 63-86 (financial 
disclosures).

Group: Recoverability of amounts 
receivable on contract assets 
(‘AROC’)

(£172,000; 2019: £12,362,000)

Refer to page 34 (Audit Committee 
Report), pages 53-61 (accounting 
policy) and pages 75-76 (financial 
disclosures).

—  Accounting analysis: We inspected the 
signed contracts and correspondence 
with customers (including involving 
legal specialists) to assess whether 
the contracts had been appropriately 
accounted for in line with IFRS 15. 

—  Independent reperformance: We 

agreed costs to complete to detailed 
breakdowns and checked the 
mathematical accuracy to assess the 
calculation of costs to complete and 
whether revenue and margin had been 
appropriately recognised.

—  Assessing transparency: We assessed 

the adequacy of the disclosures in 
relation to the accounting treatment of 
revenue recognised over time in the 
Annual Report.

One of the Group’s contracts with its 
customers involves the construction of 
complex technical equipment and provision 
of associated services over a period of more 
than one year and has been accounted for 
over time, with contract progress based on 
costs incurred over an estimate of forecast 
total costs.  

No revenue has been recognised in respect 
of this contract in the current year as the 
contract has not progressed since the prior 
year end. In addition, a 100% expected 
credit loss provision has been recognised in 
relation the contract assets and receivables 
on this contract (see below).    

The effect of these matters is that, as part 
of our risk assessment for audit planning 
purposes, we determined that revenue 
recognised has a high degree of estimation 
uncertainty, with a potential range of 
reasonable outcomes greater than our 
materiality for the financial statements as 
a whole, and possibly many times that 
amount.  In conducting our final audit work, 
we reassessed the degree of estimation 
uncertainty to be less than that materiality.

Subjective estimate

Our procedures included:

Contract revenues recognised over time in 
relation to one contract resulted in a contract 
asset balance of £12.4m being recognised 
on the balance sheet at 30 April 2019 and 
31 October 2019.

During the year management recognised 
a 100% impairment loss in relation to 
the above balance.  This was based the 
assumption that the customer no longer 
had the intent or ability to pay and that there 
was no material residual value remaining in 
relation to the contract assets. 

The effect of these matters is that, as part of 
our risk assessment, we determined that the 
amount of the AROC balance impaired has a 
high degree of estimation uncertainty with a 
potential range of outcomes greater than our 
materiality for the financial statements as a 
whole and possibly many times that amount. 

—  Historical comparison: We performed 
a review of payments received to date in 
respect of the contract and assessed the 
ongoing ability and intention to pay.

—  Our sector experience:  We challenged 
whether there was any residual value 
in the assets related to this contract, 
informed through corroborative inquiries 
with senior operational and technical 
personnel. 

—  Inspection: We inspected 

correspondence with the customer 
to determine any matters relevant to 
the recoverability of the contract asset 
balance.  

—  Assessing transparency: We assessed 
the adequacy of the disclosure related 
to the estimation uncertainty, judgments 
made and assumptions over the write 
down of the contract asset balance and 
assessed the presentation of this as an 
exceptional item.

43

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Independent Auditor’s Report (Continued)

3. 

oTher KeY AuDIT mATTerS: INcluDING our ASSeSSmeNT oF rISKS oF mATerIAl mISSTATemeNT (coNT.)

Group: Recoverability of 
development costs

(£19,340,000; 2019: £15,331,000)

Refer to page 34 (Audit Committee 
Report), pages 53-61 (accounting 
policy) and pages 70-72 (financial 
disclosures).

Parent company: Investment and 
receivables recoverability 

(£64,284,000; 2019: £50,902,000)

Refer to page 34 (Audit Committee 
Report), pages 53-61 (accounting 
policy) and pages 90-95 (financial 
disclosures).

The risk

our response

Subjective estimate

Our procedures included: 

The estimated recoverable amount is 
subjective due to the inherent uncertainty 
involved in forecasting and discounting 
future cash flows and assumptions made in 
relation to future market demand, production 
capacity and yield, gross margin and 
overhead rates.

The effect of these matters is that, as part 
of our risk assessment, we determined 
that the recoverable amount of capitalised 
development costs has a high degree of 
estimation uncertainty, with a potential 
range of reasonable outcomes greater than 
our materiality for the financial statements 
as a whole, and possibly many times that 
amount. The financial statements (note 14) 
disclose the sensitivity estimated by the 
Group.

—  Sensitivity analysis: We performed 

sensitivity analysis on the assumptions, 
including growth rates and discount 
rates, included in the Group’s valuations.

—  Historical comparisons: We compared 
the historical budget versus actual 
financial data in order to make an 
assessment of the Group’s forecasting 
ability given the reliance on future 
forecast revenues in the discounted 
cashflows used to support the carrying 
value.

—  Assessing transparency: We evaluated 

the adequacy of the disclosures related 
to the estimation uncertainty, judgments 
made and assumptions over the 
recoverability of capitalised development 
costs, in particular checking that the 
sensitivity disclosures provided sufficient 
detail. 

Subjective estimate

Our procedures included:

The carrying amount of the parent 
company’s investments in subsidiaries and 
Group receivables balance are significant 
and at risk of irrecoverability due the Group 
continuing to be loss making.  The estimated 
recoverable amount of these balances is 
subjective due to the inherent uncertainty 
in forecasting trading conditions and cash 
flows used in the budgets.

The effect of these matters is that, as part 
of our risk assessment, we determined 
that the recoverable amount of the cost 
of investment in subsidiaries and Group 
receivable balance has a high degree of 
estimation uncertainty, with a potential 
range of reasonable outcomes greater than 
our materiality for the financial statements 
as a whole, and possibly many times that 
amount. 

—  Sensitivity analysis: We performed 

sensitivity analysis on the assumptions, 
including growth rates and discount 
rates included in the Group’s valuations.

—  Test of detail: We compared the amount 
of the investment to the net assets of the 
subsidiaries. 

—  Historical comparisons: We compared 
the historic budget versus actual financial 
data in order to make an assessment 
of the Group’s forecasting ability given 
the reliance on future forecast revenues 
in the discounted cashflows used to 
support the carrying value.

—  Assessing transparency: We evaluated 

the adequacy of the disclosures related 
to the estimation uncertainty, judgments 
made and assumptions over the 
recoverability of the parent company 
investment and receivables balance.

44

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

3. 

oTher KeY AuDIT mATTerS: INcluDING our ASSeSSmeNT oF rISKS oF mATerIAl mISSTATemeNT (coNT.)

Group: Recoverable amount of 
goodwill

(£1,250,000; 2019: £1,250,000)

Refer to page 34 (Audit Committee 
Report), pages 53-61 (accounting 
policy) and pages 70-72 (financial 
disclosures).

The risk

our response

Subjective estimate

Our procedures included: 

Goodwill is a material balance in the Group 
financial statements and subject to annual 
impairment review in line with IAS 36.  

The Group continues to be loss making 
and forecasting and valuation requires 
significant judgement and estimation. This 
complexity is exacerbated by the current 
level of economic uncertainty due to the 
Covid19 pandemic. 

We consider the carrying value of goodwill 
(and intangible assets) and the risk over 
potential impairment to be a significant 
audit risk because of the inherent 
uncertainty involved in forecasting and 
discounting future cash flows, which 
are the basis of the assessment of 
recoverability.

The effect of these matters is that, as part 
of our risk assessment, we determined 
that the recoverable amount of goodwill 
(and intangible assets) has a high degree 
of estimation uncertainty, with a potential 
range of reasonable outcomes greater than 
our materiality for the financial statements 
as a whole, and possibly many times that 
amount. 

—  Tests of detail: We compared the cash 

flows used in the impairment model to the 
output of the Group’s budgeting process 
and against the understanding we obtained 
about the business areas through our 
audit, and assessed if these cash flows 
were reasonable.

—  Historical comparison: We assessed 
the historical accuracy of the forecasts 
used in the Group’s impairment model by 
considering actual performance against 
prior year budgets. We also assessed the 
forecast revenue growth with reference to 
the most recent results for 2018 and 2019.

—  Benchmarking assumptions: We 

used external data and our own internal 
valuation audit tools to evaluate the 
discount rates.

—  Sensitivity analysis: We performed 

sensitivity analysis for the key inputs and 
assumptions.

—  Assessing transparency: We evaluated 

the adequacy of the disclosures related 
to the estimation uncertainty, judgments 
made and assumptions over the 
recoverability of goodwill, in particular 
checking that the sensitivity disclosures 
provided sufficient detail. 

45

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Independent Auditor’s Report (Continued)

4.  

our ApplIcATIoN oF mATerIAlITY AND AN 
oVerVIeW oF The Scope oF our AuDIT 

Normalised Group Loss before Tax
£3,404,600 (2019: £2,935,000)

Group Materiality
£167,000 (2019: £150,000)

Materiality for the Group financial statements as a whole 
was set at £167,000 (2019: £150,000), determined with 
reference to a benchmark of Group normalised loss before 
tax, normalised by averaging over the last five years due 
to fluctuations in the business cycle, of £3,404,600, of 
which it represents 5% (2019: 5%).   

Materiality for the parent company financial statements 
as a whole was set at £160,000 (2019: £150,000), 
determined with reference to a benchmark of company 
total assets, chosen to be lower than materiality for the 
Group as a whole, of which it represents 0.3% (2019: 
0.2% of net assets). 

We agreed to report to the Audit Committee any corrected 
or uncorrected identified misstatements exceeding 
£8,350, in addition to other identified misstatements that 
warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. 

Of the Group’s 6 (2019: 6) reporting components, we 
subjected 4 (2019: 6) to full scope audits for Group 
purposes. We conducted reviews (including enquiry) 
of financial information at a further 2 (2019: nil) non-
significant components to support our consolidation 
process of the Group’s accounts where individual 
components were not financially significant and did not 
contain significant risks or key audit matters.

The components within the scope of our work accounted 
for the percentages illustrated opposite.

The work on all components, including the audit of the 
parent company, was performed by the Group team.

£167,000
Whole financial statements 
materiality (2019: £150,000)

£160,000
Range of materiality at 6 
components (£2,700 to £160,000) 
(2019: £4,000 to £140,000)

Normalised LBT
Group Materiality

£8,350
Misstatements reported to the audit 
committee (2019: £7,500)

Group revenue

Group loss before tax

0
0

100%

(2019: 100%)

100
100

Group total assets

0
0

100%

(2019: 100%)

100
100

0
0

100%

(2019: 100%)

100
100

Full scope for Group 
audit purposes 2020

Full scope for Group 
audit purposes 2019

46

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

5. 

We hAVe NoThING To reporT oN The oTher 
INFormATIoN IN The ANNuAl reporT  

7. 

reSpecTIVe reSpoNSIBIlITIeS

Directors’ responsibilities   

The directors are responsible for the other information presented 
in the Annual Report together with the financial statements.  Our 
opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other 
information and, accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion 
or, except as explicitly stated below, any form of assurance 
conclusion thereon.  

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, 
consider whether, based on our financial statements audit work, 
the information therein is materially misstated or inconsistent with 
the financial statements or our audit knowledge.  Based solely 
on that work we have not identified material misstatements in the 
other information. 

Strategic report and directors’ report 

Based solely on our work on the other information:

—  we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic 

report and the directors’ report;  

—  in our opinion the information given in those reports for the 

financial year is consistent with the financial statements; and  

—  in our opinion those reports have been prepared in 

accordance with the Companies Act 2006.

6. 

We hAVe NoThING To reporT oN The oTher 
mATTerS oN WhIch We Are requIreD To 
reporT BY excepTIoN  

Under the Companies Act 2006, we are required to report to you 
if, in our opinion: 

—  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the 

parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited by us; or  

—  the parent company financial statements are not in agreement 

with the accounting records and returns; or  

—  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law 

are not made; or  

—  we have not received all the information and explanations we 

require for our audit. 

We have nothing to report in these respects.  

As explained more fully in their statement set out on pages 28-29, 
the directors are responsible for: the preparation of the financial 
statements including being satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view; such internal control as they determine is necessary to 
enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; assessing 
the Group and parent company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern; and using the going concern basis of accounting unless 
they either intend to liquidate the Group or the parent company or 
to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue our 
opinion in an auditor’s report.  Reasonable assurance is a 
high level of assurance, but does not guarantee that an audit 
conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a 
material misstatement when it exists.  Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or 
in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial 
statements. 

A fuller description of our responsibilities is provided on the FRC’s 
website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.    

8. 

The purpoSe oF our AuDIT WorK AND To 
Whom We oWe our reSpoNSIBIlITIeS 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, 
in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might 
state to the company’s members those matters we are required 
to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or 
assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and 
the company’s members, as a body, for our audit work, for this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed.

rebecca pett
(Senior Statutory Auditor)  
for and on behalf of KPMG LLP, Statutory Auditor  
Chartered Accountants  
15 Canada Square
London
E14 5GL
6 October 2020

47

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Consolidated income statement

For the year ended 30 April 2020

continuing operations

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Other operating income

Distribution costs

Administrative expenses

operating loss (before exceptional items)

Exceptional impairment losses on trade receivables 
and amounts recoverable on contract

operating results (post exceptional items)

Finance income

Finance costs

loss before tax

Tax

loss for the year from continuing operations

loss for the year from continuing operations 
(before exceptional items)

Loss per share

- basic (p)

- diluted (p)

*see notes 2 and 21 in the accounts

Note

4

4

8

9

10

5

11

13

48

2020
£’000

13,120

(6,912)

6,208

-

(336)

(10,611)

(4,739)

(13,062)

(17,801)

60

(604)

Restated*
2019
£’000

14,517

(6,208)

8,309

-

(184)

(9,031)

(906)

-

(906)

155

(519)

(18,345)

(1,270)

1,805

(16,540)

637

(633)

(3,478)

(633)

(4.8)

(4.8)

(0.2)

(0.2)

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

loss for the year

Items that are or may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss:

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2020
£’000

Restated*
2019
£’000

(16,540)

(633)

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

1,047

1,189

Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the year

(15,493)

556

* see note 2 in the accounts

49

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Consolidated statement of financial position

As at 30 April 2020

Non-current assets

Goodwill

Other intangible assets

Investments – long-term cash deposits

Property, plant and equipment

Right-of-use asset

current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Current tax assets

Cash and bank balances

Total assets

current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Lease obligation

Net current assets 

Non-current liabilities

Deferred tax liability

Deferred income

Lease obligation

Borrowings

Total liabilities

Net assets

equity

Share capital

Share premium account

Merger reserve

Translation reserve

Accumulated losses

Total equity

Note

14

15

16

17

19

20

20

22

25

23

2, 21

22

23

25

27

28

29

30

2020
£’000

1,275

21,878

-

12,551

3,852

39,556

6,416

8,210

1,031

9,444

25,101

64,657

(8,795)

(3,669)

(324)

(12,788)

12,313

-

(1,021)

(3,844)

(1,937)

(6,802)

(19,590)

45,067

3,446

61,600

21,853

1,981

(43,813)

45,067

Restated* 
2019
£’000

1,275

18,165

1,250

6,252

3,975

30,917

3,227

19,997

987

20,616

44,827

75,744

(4,884)

(3,133)

(273)

(8,290)

36,537

(868)

-

(3,938)

(2,313)

(7,119)

(15,409)

60,335

3,446

61,600

21,853

934

(27,498)

60,335

*see notes 2 and 21 in the accounts

The financial statements of Kromek Group plc (registered number 08661469) were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised 
for issue on 6 October 2020.  They were signed on its behalf by:

Dr Arnab Basu mBe
Chief Executive Officer

50

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 30 April 2020

Share capital
£’000

Share 
premium
account
£’000

merger
 reserve
£’000

Translation 
reserve
£’000

Accumulated 
income/
(losses) 
£’000

Total 
equity
            £’000

Balance at 1 may 2018 as previously 
reported

2,604

42,625

21,853

(269)

(26,557)

40,256

Prior year adjustment (see notes 2 and 21)  

-

-

-

14

(503)

(489)

Balance at 1 may 2018 restated

2,604

42,625

21,853

(255)

(27,060)

39,767

Restated loss for the year (see notes 2 and 21)

Restated exchange difference on translation of 
foreign operations (see notes 2 and 21)

Total comprehensive income/(losses) for 
the year

-

-

-

-

-

-

Issue of share capital net of expenses

842

18,975

Credit to equity for equity-settled share-based 
payments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(633)

1,189

-

(633)

1,189

1,189

(633)

556

-

-

-

19,817

195

195

Balance at 30 April 2019 restated

3,446

61,600

21,853

934

(27,498)

60,335

Loss for the year

Exchange difference on translation of foreign 
operations

Total comprehensive income/(losses) for 
the year

Issue of share capital net of expenses

Credit to equity for equity-settled share-based 
payments

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(16,540)

(16,540)

1,047

-

1,047

1,047

(16,540)

(15,493)

-

-

-

225

-

225

Balance at 30 April 2020

3,446

61,600

21,853

1,981

(43,813)

45,067

51

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Consolidated statement of cash flows

For the year ended 30 April 2020

Note

31

Net cash inflow/(used in) operating activities

Investing activities

Investment receipts from money market account

Interest received

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

Purchases of patents and trademarks

Capitalisation of development costs

Net cash used in investing activities

Financing activities

Net proceeds on issue of shares

New borrowings

Payment of borrowings

Payment of lease liability

Interest paid

2020 
£’000

179

1,250

60

(6,965)

(243)

(5,256)

(11,154)

-

2,100

(2,105)

(539)

(365)

2019
£’000

(4,777)

-

155

(3,644)

(210)

(2,731)

(6,430)

19,817

2,557

(111)

(486)

(293)

Net cash (used in)/generated from financing activities

(909)

21,484

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes

cash and cash equivalents at end of year

(11,884)

20,616

712

9,444

10,277

9,488

851

20,616

52

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

For the year ended 30 April 2020

GeNerAl INFormATIoN

1. 
Kromek Group plc is a company incorporated and domiciled in the United Kingdom under the Companies Act. These financial statements 
are presented in pounds sterling because that is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Group operates. Foreign 
operations are included in accordance with the policies set out in note 2.

The Group’s financial information has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted 
by the European Union (“EU”) and on a basis consistent with that adopted in the previous year.  

The Group adopted IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’ from 1 May 2018 and revenue is recognised in accordance with 
this standard. IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ became mandatory for adoption on 1 January 2019 and was early adopted from 1 May 2018. IFRS 9 
‘Financial Instruments’, which is mandatory for years commencing on or after 1 January 2018, was also adopted last financial year. For 
further analysis in relation to the adoption of these standards, refer to the 2018/19 annual report.

There were no other new standards or amendments or interpretations to existing standards that became effective during the year that were 
material to the Group.

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS

Basis of preparation
The Group’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the 
European Union (“IFRSs”) and IFRIC interpretations. 

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  historical  cost  basis  modified  for  assets  recognised  at  fair  value  on  acquisition. 
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for the assets. The principal accounting policies 
adopted are set out below.

restatement
Following a review, management revisited the historical treatment of deferred tax in relation to development costs capitalised in the US 
subsidiaries since reporting under IFRS. As a result of management’s review, a prior year adjustment has been made to recognise a non-
current deferred tax liability of £868k as at 30 April 2019 (30 April 2018: £503k). 

The  adjustment  reduced  the  tax  credit  for  the  year  ending  30  April  2019  by  £350k  to  £637k  (previously  reported  as  £987k)  and, 
consequentially, increased the loss for the year from continuing operations by £350k (previously reported as a loss of £283k). As a result, 
restatements were made as at 30 April 2018 and 30 April 2019 to adjust the translation reserve by £14k from a debit balance of £269k to 
£255k and £29k from £949k to £934k, respectively. The comprehensive losses for the year set out in the total comprehensive income on 
the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 30 April 2019 were restated by a net amount of £379k to £556k 
(previously reported as £935k). 

The impact was to reduce net assets and equity as at 30 April 2019 by £868k (1 May 2018 by £489k).

There was no impact to the statement of cash flows. 

As the effect of the restatement is limited to deferred tax liabilities and equity and has no impact on the loss before tax, no third balance 
sheet has been presented.

This deferred tax liability accrued to 30 April 2019 has been fully eliminated during the year ending 30 April 2020 following an offset with a 
deferred tax asset arising in the Group’s US operations relating to accumulated losses accrued in the year to 30 April 2020. 

Basis of consolidation
The  consolidated  financial  statements  incorporate  the  results  and  net  assets  of  the  Group  and  entities  controlled  by  the  Group  (its 
subsidiaries) made up to 30 April each year. Control is achieved where the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating 
policies of an investee entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

The results of subsidiaries acquired during the year are included in the consolidated income statement from the effective date of acquisition 
or  up  to  the  effective  date  of  disposal,  as  appropriate.  Where  necessary,  adjustments  are  made  to  results  of  subsidiaries  to  bring  the 
accounting policies used into line with those used by the Group. All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses, and profits 
are eliminated on consolidation.

Going concern

Assessment
The Directors have a reasonable expectation that the going concern basis of accounting remains appropriate and that the Group has 
adequate resources to continue in operation for the next 18 months based on its cash flow forecasts prepared.

The Group meets its day-to-day working capital requirements from cash receipts from sales as well as external borrowings comprising a 
Revolving Credit facility (RCF) and capex facility from HSBC (see note 26 for further details of these facilities) for which there are certain 
covenants attached (see pages 85-86 for a definition of the covenants and the measurement and testing requirements). During and as 
at the year ended 30 April 2020, the Group was not in breach of any of its covenants at any testing period. The RCF facility is subject to 
renewal in April 2022.

53

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (CONtINUED)

Going concern (continued)
As previously set out, COVID-19 has represented a significant challenge for the Group and, as a result, post year-end the Board has revised 
its forecasts for the next 18 months taking into account the impact of COVID-19. This has resulted in a ‘revised base case budget’. Under 
this revised base case budget in the period to 30 April 2022, the Group was forecasting: 

- 

- 

to breach its original EBIT:Finance charge covenant on 30 April 2021, which is tested on an annual basis; and

to breach its original net debt:EBITDA covenant on 31 October 2020, which is tested on a quarterly basis.

In response to these potential breaches the Board has negotiated a waiver in respect of the first covenant, which means the covenant will 
not be tested until April 2022, and a waiver in respect of the second covenant for the three periods ending 31 October 2020, 31 January 
2021 and 30 April 2021. 

As a result of obtaining these waivers, the revised base case forecast does not indicate any breaches of its covenants over the next 18 
months.

The revised base case forecast indicates that the Group will continue to operate within the existing facilities, should they remain available, 
until the RCF renewal in April 2022.

Stress Testing
The  Board  has  conducted  a  series  of  stress  testing  of  future  financial  performance  which  model  a  range  of  future  continued  impacts 
following COVID-19. These stress tests typically focused on the level and timing of revenue and working capital requirement. In the Board’s 
severe, but plausible downside scenario the following assumptions have been applied:

•	 24%	reduction	in	revenues	when	compared	to	the	revised	base	case	budget	for	year	to	30	April	2021.
•	 A	return	to	revenue	levels	consistent	with	the	revenue	for	the	year	ended	30	April	2019	between	April	2021	and	April	2022.
•	 An	increase	to	120	day	working	capital	window	from	payment	of	direct	cost	suppliers	to	receipt	of	customer	cash.
•	 Delayed	cash	inflows	for	specific	instances	in	addition	to	extension	to	working	capital	cycle	increase.	The	impact	being	to	delay	

£0.7m to June 2021 and delay £3.2m from late in the forecast period to outside of the April 2022 window.

This severe but plausible downside scenario indicates a breach of the net debt:EBITDA covenant from the compliance quarter ending 31 
July 2021 as well as breaching its covenant in relation to Group credit balances on 31 October 2021. The effect of which could be that 
the facilities would become repayable on demand. In addition, in this severe but plausible downside scenario the Directors have identified 
additional  controllable  mitigations  (notably  reducing  payroll  costs  and  discretionary  expenditure  on  tangible  and  intangible  assets),  the 
effect of which is that the Group could continue to operate within the existing facilities, should they remain available.

Resilience/response to COVID-19
The Board has taken quick and effective action to protect the Group’s cash flow including:

•	 Conducted	a	30%	cost	rationalisation	across	the	US	operating	sites,	representing	annual	savings	of	more	than	$1.4m.
•	 Secured	£0.8m	of	Paycheck	Protection	Program	Loans	in	the	US.	
•	 Negotiated	a	commercial	agreement	with	an	existing	customer	in	the	security	screening	market,	to	forward	purchase	product	with	

up-front payment terms, effectively bringing forward $2m of cash 12 months early.      

•	 Secured	grant	funding	in	respect	of	expansion	projects	in	County	Durham	to	the	value	of	£0.7m.
•	 Secured	a	new	Term	Loan	with	HSBC	in	the	UK	worth	£1.4m,	available	for	spend	on	capital	projects.	This	was	negotiated	at	a	

competitive rate with that available under the UK CBILs programme.

•	 Positioned	the	Group	to	be	able	to	manufacture	ventilators	that	can	potentially	be	used	as	an	emergency	device	in	any	second	

wave of COVID-19 or similar pandemic.  

Material Uncertainty
In the severe but plausible downside scenario described above, the Group would be required to renegotiate its net debt:EBITDA bank 
covenant within the 12-month going concern period and, whilst the Directors believe that they would have the ability to renegotiate or 
waive this covenant, there is no certainty that this would be the case. Accordingly, the continued availability of the Group’s bank facilities 
through the forecast period and the successful replacement on expiry of the RCF in April 2022 represents a material uncertainty that may 
cast significant doubt on the ability of the Group and Company to continue as a going concern and, therefore, to continue realising their 
assets and discharging their liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that would 
result from the basis of preparation being inappropriate.

As  noted,  the  Board  has  specifically  excluded  any  significant  upsides  from  the  scenarios  detailed  above  for  the  sole  purposes  of  the 
parameters of this financial stress test. However, COVID-19 does represent significant opportunities for the Group. Kromek’s biological 
detection capabilities have grown significantly over the last 24 months following successful extensions on contracts with US government 
agencies  (DARPA)  that  build  on  the  Group’s  existing  SIGMA  network  offerings.  The  development  of  this  unique  and  ground-breaking 
technology platform, which aims to identify airborne pathogens within 60 minutes, is in a standalone market. This technology has the 
potential  to  be  significant  in  detecting,  controlling,  monitoring  and  mitigating  the  effects  of  future  pandemics.  Further,  the  Group  has 
positioned  itself  under  license  agreements  to  manufacture  ventilators  that  can  be  used  as  resources  in  future  pandemics  drawing  on 
existing  skills  and  capabilities  of  its  workforce.  These  ventilators  are  currently  going  through  a  validation  and  homologation  process  in 
territories that the Group has contingent orders from.

54

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (CONtINUED)

Business combinations 
The Group financial statements consolidate those of the Company and its subsidiary undertakings. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by 
the Group. Control exists when the Group has the power, directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so 
as to obtain benefits from its activities. In assessing control, potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are taken 
into account. The financial information of subsidiaries is included from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. 
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in 
preparing the consolidated financial information. 

Acquisitions on or after 1 may 2010
For acquisitions on or after 1 May 2010, the Group measures goodwill at the acquisition date as:

•	
•	
•	
•	

the	fair	value	of	the	consideration	transferred;	plus
the	recognised	amount	of	any	non-controlling	interests	in	the	acquiree;	plus
the	fair	value	of	the	existing	equity	interest	in	the	acquiree;	less
the	net	recognised	amount	(generally	fair	value)	of	the	identifiable	assets	acquired	and	liabilities	assumed.

When the excess is negative, the negative goodwill is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Costs related to the acquisition, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill
Goodwill arising in a business combination is recognised as an asset at the date that control is acquired (the acquisition date). Goodwill 
is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the 
fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest (if any) in the entity over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable 
assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.

If, after reassessment, the Group’s interest in the fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets exceeds the sum of the consideration 
transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in 
the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain.

Goodwill is not amortised but is reviewed for impairment at least annually. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated 
to each of the Group’s cash-generating units expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. Cash-generating units to which 
goodwill  has  been  allocated  are  tested  for  impairment  annually,  or  more  frequently  when  there  is  an  indication  that  the  unit  may  be 
impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is allocated 
first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the 
carrying amount of each asset in the unit. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period.

On disposal of a subsidiary, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal.

contracts with customers  
The Group adopted IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’ from 1 May 2018 and revenue is recognised in accordance with 
this standard. Revenue represents income derived from contracts for the provision of goods and services by the Group to customers in 
exchange for consideration in the ordinary course of the Group’s activities.

The Board disaggregates revenue by sales of goods or services, grants and contract customers. Sales of goods and services typically 
include the sale of product on a run rate or ad-hoc basis. Grants include technology development with parties such as Innovate UK as 
detailed above. Customer contracts represents agreements that the Group have entered into that typically span a period of more than 12 
months.    

Performance obligations 
Upon approval by the parties to a contract, the contract is assessed to identify each promise to transfer either a distinct good or service 
or a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Goods and 
services are distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations in the contract if the customer can benefit from them either 
on their own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and they are separately identifiable in the contract. 

Transaction price 
At the start of the contract, the total transaction price is estimated as the amount of consideration to which the Group expects to be 
entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods and services to the customer, excluding sales taxes. Variable consideration, such 
as price escalation and early settlements, is included based on the expected value or most likely amount only to the extent that it is highly 
probable that there will not be a reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised. The transaction price does not include estimates 
of consideration resulting from contract modifications, such as change orders, until they have been approved by the parties to the contract. 
The total transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations identified in the contract in proportion to their relative standalone 
selling prices. Given the bespoke nature of many of the Group’s products and services, which are designed and/or manufactured under 
contract to the customer’s individual specifications, there are sometimes no observable standalone selling prices. Instead, standalone 
selling prices are typically estimated based on expected costs plus contract margin consistent with the Group’s pricing principles or based 
on market knowledge of selling prices relating to similar product. 

55

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (CONtINUED)

Revenue and profit recognition 
Revenue is recognised as performance obligations are satisfied as control of the goods and services is transferred to the customer. 

For each performance obligation within a contract, the Group determines whether it is satisfied over time or at a point in time. The Group 
has determined that the performance obligations of the majority of its contracts are satisfied at a point in time. Performance obligations are 
satisfied over time if one of the following criteria is satisfied: 
– the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Group’s performance as it performs; 
– the Group’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or
 – the Group’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Group and it has an enforceable right to payment for 
performance completed to date.

For  each  performance  obligation  to  be  recognised  over  time,  the  Group  recognises  revenue  using  an  input  method,  based  on  costs 
incurred in the period. Revenue and attributable margin are calculated by reference to reliable estimates of transaction price and total 
expected costs, after making suitable allowances for technical and other risks. Revenue and associated margin are therefore recognised 
progressively as costs are incurred, and as risks have been mitigated or retired. The Group has determined that this method faithfully 
depicts the Group’s performance in transferring control of the goods and services to the customer. 

If the over-time criteria for revenue recognition are not met, revenue is recognised at the point in time that control is transferred to the 
customer, which is usually when legal title passes to the customer and the business has the right to payment. Kromek’s standard terms of 
delivery are Ex works sellers’ site (incoterms@2010), unless otherwise stated. 

The Group’s contracts that satisfy the over-time criteria are typically product development contracts where the customer simultaneously 
receives and consumes the benefit provided by the Group’s performance. In some specific arrangements, due to the highly specific nature 
of the contract deliverables tailored to the customer requirements and the breakthrough technology solutions that Kromek provides, the 
Group does not create an asset with an alternative use but retains an enforceable right to payment and recognises revenue over time on 
that basis. 

When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognised immediately as an expense.

Contract modifications
The Group’s contracts are sometimes amended for changes in customers’ requirements and specifications. A contract modification exists 
when the parties to the contract approve a modification that either changes existing, or creates new, enforceable rights and obligations. 
The  effect  of  a  contract  modification  on  the  transaction  price  and  the  Group’s  measure  of  progress  towards  the  satisfaction  of  the 
performance obligation to which it relates is recognised in one of the following ways: 

(a) prospectively as an additional, separate contract; 
(b) prospectively as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract; or
(c) as part of the original contract using a cumulative catch up. 

The majority of the Group’s contract modifications are treated under either (a) (for example, the requirement for additional distinct goods 
or services) or (b) (for example, a change in the specification of the distinct goods or services for a partially completed contract), although 
the facts and circumstances of any contract modification are considered individually as the types of modifications will vary contract-by-
contract and may result in different accounting outcomes.

Costs to obtain a contract
The  Group  expenses  pre-contract  bidding  costs  that  are  incurred  regardless  of  whether  a  contract  is  awarded.  The  Group  does  not 
typically incur costs to obtain contracts that it would not have incurred had the contracts not been awarded.

Costs to fulfil a contract 
Contract  fulfilment  costs  in  respect  of  over-time  contracts  are  expensed  as  incurred.  No  such  costs  have  been  incurred  in  current  or 
previous years. Contract fulfilment costs in respect of point-in-time contracts are accounted for under IAS 2 Inventories. 

Inventories
Inventories include raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods recognised in accordance with IAS 2 in respect of contracts with 
customers that have been determined to fulfil the criteria for point-in-time revenue recognition under IFRS 15. It also includes inventories 
for which the Group does not have a contract. This is often because fulfilment costs have been incurred in expectation of a contract award. 
The Group does not typically build inventory to stock. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, including all relevant overhead and net 
realisable value. 

Contract receivables 
Contract receivables represent amounts for which the Group has an unconditional right to consideration in respect of unbilled revenue 
recognised at the balance sheet date and comprises costs incurred plus attributable margin.

The Group does not plan, anticipate or offer extended payment terms within its contractual arrangements unless express payment interest 
charges are applied and represent a value over and above that contracted or invoiced with the customer.

Contract liabilities 
Contract  liabilities  represent  the  obligation  to  transfer  goods  or  services  to  a  customer  for  which  consideration  has  been  received,  or 
consideration is due, from the customer. 

56

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (CONtINUED)

leases
IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ became mandatory for adoption on 1 January 2019 and was early adopted by the Group from 1 May 2018. The Group 
recognises a Right of Use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, 
which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus 
any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset 
or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received. 

The  ROU  asset  is  subsequently  depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  from  the  commencement  date  to  the  earlier  of  the  end  of 
the useful life of the ROU or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of the ROU assets are determined on the same basis 
as those of property and equipment. In addition, the ROU is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain 
remeasurements of the lease liability. 

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted 
using the interest rate implicit in the lease, or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. 

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise fixed payments.

The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease 
payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Group’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable 
under a residual value guarantee, or if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination 
option. 

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the ROU asset, or is 
recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the ROU has been reduced to zero.

The Group has elected not to recognise ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases of machinery that have a lease term of 12 
months or less and leases of low value assets, including IT equipment. The Group recognises the lease payments associated with these 
leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

Foreign currencies 
The individual results of each Group company are presented in the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates (its 
functional currency). For the purpose of the consolidated financial statements, the results and financial position of each Group company are 
expressed in pound sterling, which is the functional currency of the Company, and the presentation currency for the consolidated financial 
statements. The Directors have applied IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates and have come to the conclusion that 
the inter-company loans held by Kromek Limited, substantially form part of the net investment in Kromek USA, and so any gain or loss 
arising on the inter-company loan balances are recognised as other comprehensive income in the period.

In preparing the results of the individual companies, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency (foreign currencies) 
are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions. At each statement of financial position date, monetary 
assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items 
carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was 
determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

Exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations are translated 
at exchange rates prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange 
rates  for  the  period,  unless  exchange  rates  fluctuate  significantly  during  that  period,  in  which  case  the  exchange  rates  at  the  date  of 
transactions are used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity. 

On consolidation, the results of overseas operations are translated into sterling at rates approximating to those ruling when the transactions 
took place. All assets and liabilities of overseas operations, including goodwill arising on the acquisition of those operations, are translated 
at the rate ruling at the statement of financial position date. Exchange differences arising on translating the opening net assets at opening 
rate and the results of overseas operations at actual rate are recognised directly in other comprehensive income and are credited/(debited) 
to the retranslation reserve.

Government grants
Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attaching to them 
and that the grants will be received.

Government  grants  towards  job  creation  and  growth  are  normally  recognised  as  income  over  the  useful  economic  life  of  the  capital 
expenditure to which they relate. 

Government grants are recognised in the income statement so as to match them with the related expenses that they are intended to 
compensate. Grants that relate to capital expenditure are offset against related depreciation costs. Where grants are received in advance 
of the related expenses, they are initially recognised in the balance sheet and released to match the related expenditure. Non-monetary 
grants are recognised at fair value.

operating result
Operating loss is stated as loss before tax, finance income and costs.

57

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (CONtINUED)

exceptional items
Exceptional items are those items that, in the judgement of management, need to be disclosed separately by virtue of their nature, size or 
incidence. Exceptional items have been classified separately in order to draw them to the attention of the reader of the accounts and, in 
the opinion of the Board, to show more accurately the underlying results of the Group.

retirement benefit costs 
The Group operates a defined contribution pension scheme for employees.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due. For these schemes, the assets 
of the schemes are held separately from those of the Group in independently administered funds. Payments made to state-managed 
retirement benefit schemes are dealt with as payments to defined contribution schemes where the Group’s obligations under the schemes 
are equivalent to those arising in a defined contribution retirement benefit scheme.

Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement except to the 
extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity. The R&D tax credit is calculated using the 
current rules as set out by HMRC and is recognised in the income statement during the period in which the R&D programmes occurred. 

i)       current tax
The tax credit is based on taxable loss for the year. Taxable loss differs from net loss as reported in the income statement because 
it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never 
taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively 
enacted by the statement of financial position date.

ii)       Deferred tax
Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in 
the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is 
accounted for using the statement of financial position liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable 
temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available 
against  which  deductible  temporary  differences  can  be  utilised.  Such  assets  and  liabilities  are  not  recognised  if  the  temporary 
difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other 
assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, and 
interests in joint ventures, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that 
the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each statement of financial position date and reduced to the extent that 
it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised 
based on tax laws and rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the statement of financial position date. Deferred 
tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited in other comprehensive 
income, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in other comprehensive income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset 
when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income 
taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

property, plant and equipment
Fixtures and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment loss.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets (other than land and properties under construction) less their 
residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method, on the following bases:

Plant and machinery  
Fixtures, fittings and equipment 
Computer equipment 
Lab equipment  

6% to 25%
15%
25%
6% to 25%

The gain or loss arising on the disposal or scrappage of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the 
carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in income.

Internally-generated intangible assets – research and development expenditure
Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.

An internally-generated intangible asset arising from the Group’s product development is recognised only if all of the following conditions 
are met:
•	
•	
•	
•	 how	the	intangible	asset	will	generate	probable	future	economic	benefits.	Among	other	things,	the	entity	can	demonstrate	the	

the	technical	feasibility	of	completing	the	intangible	asset	so	that	it	will	be	available	for	use	or	sale;
its	intention	to	complete	the	intangible	asset	and	use	or	sell	it;
its	ability	to	use	or	sell	the	intangible	asset;	

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (CONtINUED)

existence of a market for the output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself or, if it is to be used internally, the usefulness 
of the intangible asset;
the	availability	of	adequate	technical,	financial	and	other	resources	to	complete	the	development	and	to	use	or	sell	the	intangible	
asset; and
its	ability	to	measure	reliably	the	expenditure	attributable	to	the	intangible	asset	during	its	development.

•	

•	

Research expenditure is written off as incurred. Development expenditure is also written off, except where the Directors are satisfied as to 
the technical, commercial and financial viability of individual projects. In such cases, the identifiable expenditure is deferred and amortised 
over the period during which the Group is expected to benefit. This period normally equates to the life of the products the development 
expenditure relates to. Where expenditure relates to developments for use rather than direct sales of product the cost is amortised straight-
line over a 2-15-year period. Provision is made for any impairment.

Amortisation of the intangible assets recognised on the acquisitions of Nova R&D, Inc. and eV Products, Inc. are recognised in the income 
statement on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of between five and fifteen years.

patents and trademarks
Patents and trademarks are measured initially at purchase cost and are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. 

Impairment of tangible and intangible assets excluding goodwill
At each statement of financial position date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine 
whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount 
of  the  asset  is  estimated  to  determine  the  extent  of  the  impairment  loss  (if  any).  Where  the  asset  does  not  generate  cash  flows  that 
are independent from other assets, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset 
belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual CGUs, 
or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of CGUs for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified. 

An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset 
may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows 
are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate of 14.86% (2019: 13.47%) that reflects current market assessments of 
the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. See note 
14 for further detail. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) 
is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at 
a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is increased to the revised estimate of its 
recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined 
had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or CGU) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately 
in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a 
revaluation increase.

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs comprise direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour 
costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is calculated 
in the statement of financial position at standard cost, which approximates to historical cost determined on a first in, first out basis. Net 
realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, selling 
and distribution. Work in progress costs are taken as production costs, which include an appropriate proportion of attributable overheads. 

Provision is made for obsolete, slow moving or defective items where appropriate. Items which have not shown activity for between 12-
18 months will be provided for at a rate of 50%, and those which have not shown activity in 18 months or longer will be provided for at a 
rate of 100% after consideration is given to the full or residual value where appropriate. Given the nature of the products and the gestation 
period of the technology, commercial rationale necessitates that this provision is reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

provisions for liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is more likely than 
not that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Such provisions are 
measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance 
sheet  date.  The  discount  rate  used  to  determine  the  present  value  reflects  current  market  assessments  of  the  time  value  of  money. 
Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Financial instruments

recognition and initial measurement 

(i) 
Trade  receivables  are  initially  recognised  when  they  are  originated.  All  other  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  initially 
recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

59

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (CONtINUED)

Financial instruments (continued)

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) or financial liability is initially measured 
at fair value plus, for an item not at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its 
acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

(ii) 
Financial assets 

classification and subsequent measurement

Classification 

(a) 
On  initial  recognition,  a  financial  asset  is  classified  as  measured  at:  amortised  cost;  Fair  Value  through  Other  Comprehensive 
Income (FVOCI) – debt investment; FVOCI – equity investment; or FVTPL. 

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Company changes its business model for 
managing financial assets in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the first reporting period 
following the change in the business model. 

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions: 

•				It	is	held	within	a	business	model	whose	objective	is	to	hold	assets	to	collect	contractual	cash	flows;	and

•				Its	contractual	terms	give	rise	on	specified	dates	to	cash	flows	that	are	solely	payments	of	principal	and	interest	on	the	principal	

amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent 
changes in the investment’s fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis. 

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. 

Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less impairment.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits.

Subsequent measurement and gains and losses 

(b) 
Financial assets at FVTPL – these assets (other than derivatives designated as hedging instruments) are subsequently measured at 
fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in profit or loss. 

Financial assets at amortised cost – these assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 
The  amortised  cost  is  reduced  by  impairment  losses.  Interest  income,  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  and  impairment  are 
recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial liabilities and equity 

Financial instruments issued by the Group are treated as equity only to the extent that they meet the following two conditions: 

(a) They include no contractual obligations upon the Group to deliver cash or other financial assets or to exchange financial assets 
or financial liabilities with another party under conditions that are potentially unfavourable to the Group; and

(b) Where the instrument will or may be settled in the Group’s own equity instruments, it is either a non-derivative that includes no 
obligation to deliver a variable number of the Group’s own equity instruments or is a derivative that will be settled by the Group 
exchanging a fixed amount of cash or other financial assets for a fixed number of its own equity instruments.

To the extent that this definition is not met, the proceeds of issue are classified as a financial liability. Where the instrument so 
classified takes the legal form of the Group’s own shares, the amounts presented in these financial statements for called up share 
capital and share premium account exclude amounts in relation to those shares. 

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified 
as held for trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at 
fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are 
subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and 
losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss. 

Where a financial instrument that contains both equity and financial liability components exists these components are separated 
and accounted for individually under the above policy.

Intra-group financial instruments 

Where the Group enters into financial guarantee contracts to guarantee the indebtedness of other companies within its Group, 
the Group considers these to be insurance arrangements and accounts for them as such. In this respect, the Group treats the 
guarantee  contract  as  a  contingent  liability  until  such  time  as  it  becomes  probable  that  the  Group  will  be  required  to  make  a 
payment under the guarantee.

60

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

2. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS (CONtINUED)

Financial instruments (continued)

Impairment 

(iii) 
The Group recognises loss allowances for expected credit losses (ECLs) on financial assets measured at amortised cost, debt 
investments measured at FVOCI and contract assets (as defined in IFRS 15). 

The Group measures loss allowances at an amount equal to lifetime ECL, except for other debt securities and bank balances for 
which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly 
since initial recognition, which are measured as twelve-month ECL. 

Loss  allowances  for  trade  receivables  and  contract  assets  are  always  measured  at  an  amount  equal  to  lifetime  ECL.  When 
determining  whether  the  credit  risk  of  a  financial  asset  has  increased  significantly  since  initial  recognition  and  when  estimating 
ECL, the Group considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This 
includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company’s historical experience and informed 
credit assessment and including forward-looking information.

The Group assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more than 30 days past due.

The Group considers a financial asset to be in default when: 

•			The	borrower	is	unlikely	to	pay	its	credit	obligations	to	the	Group	in	full,	without	recourse	by	the	Group	to	actions	such	as	

realising security (if any is held); or

•				The	financial	asset	is	more	than	90	days	past	due.	

Lifetime ECLs are the ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. 

Twelve-month ECLs are the portion of ECLs that result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting 
date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months). 

The maximum period considered when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which the Group is exposed to 
credit risk. 

measurement of ecls 
ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. 
the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Group expects 
to receive). ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset. 

credit-impaired financial assets 
At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost and debt securities at FVOCI are 
credit impaired. A financial asset is “credit impaired” when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated 
future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Write-offs 
The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect 
of recovery.

Share-based payments
Equity-settled  share-based  payments  to  employees  and  others  providing  similar  services  are  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  equity 
instruments at the grant date and spread over the period during which the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options, 
which is based on a period of employment of three years from grant date. Details regarding the determination of the fair value of equity-
settled share-based transactions are set out in note 34.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting 
period, based on the Group’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. The vesting date is determined based on the date 
an employee is granted options, usually three years from date of grant. At each statement of financial position date, the Group revises its 
estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest as a result of the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions. The impact 
of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in profit or loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, 
with a corresponding adjustment to equity reserves.

cash
Cash,  for  the  purposes  of  the  statement  of  cash  flows,  comprises  cash  in  hand  and  deposits  repayable  on  demand,  less  overdrafts 
repayable on demand.

61

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

3. 

crITIcAl AccouNTING juDGemeNTS AND KeY SourceS oF eSTImATIoN uNcerTAINTY

In  the  application  of  the  Group’s  accounting  policies,  which  are  described  in  note  3,  the  Directors  are  required  to  make  judgements, 
estimates  and  assumptions  about  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  not  readily  apparent  from  other  sources.  The 
estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual 
results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the 
period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision 
affects both current and future periods.

Critical judgements in applying the Group’s accounting policies

The following are the critical judgements that the Directors have made in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies and that 
have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

Development costs
As described in note 2, the Group expenditure on development activities is capitalised if it meets the criteria as per IAS 38. Management 
have exercised and applied judgement when determining whether the criteria of IAS 38 is satisfied in relation to development costs. As 
part of this judgement process, management establish the future Total Addressable Market relating to the product or process, evaluate the 
operational plans to complete the product or process and establish where the development is positioned on the Group’s technology road 
map and asses the costs against IAS 38 criteria. This process involves input from the Group’s Chief Technical Officer plus the operational, 
financial and commercial functions and is based upon detailed project cost analysis of both time and materials. 

performance obligations arising from customer contracts 
As described in note 2, the Group recognises revenue as performance obligations are satisfied when control of the goods and services 
is  transferred  to  the  customer.  Management  have  exercised  and  applied  judgment  in  determining  what  the  performance  obligation  is 
and whether they are satisfied over time or at a point in time. In applying this judgement, management consider the nature of the overall 
contract deliverable, legal form of the contract and economic resource required for the performance obligation to be satisfied. Management 
disaggregate the revenues by sales of goods and services, revenue from development grants (such as Innovate UK) and revenue from 
contract customers. Typically, revenue from the sales of goods and services are recognised at a point in time. Revenue from development 
grants and contract customers are recognised either over time or at a point in time depending on the characteristics of the specific contract 
when applying IFRS 15.    

cash Generating units
Management have exercised judgement in determining the number of cash generating units (CGUs). As set out in note 14, management 
have determined that there are two CGUs – the US and UK. This is on the basis that management believes this is the lowest level cash 
inflows and asset base can be separated. Whilst cash inflows can be separate at a lower level, management do not believe that the asset 
base can be separated at a lower level. The identification of two CGUs is also the way management oversees and monitors the Group’s 
performance.

Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the statement of financial position date, 
that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year 
are discussed below.

Development costs

i) 
The key source of estimation uncertainty relates to the estimation of the asset’s recoverable amount, which involves assumptions 
in relation to future uncertainties including discount rates and growth rates. For further details, see note 14. 

As disclosed in note 15, development costs are capitalised in accordance with the accounting policy noted above. These capitalised 
assets are amortised over the period during which the Group is expected to benefit. 

contract revenue

ii)     
This policy requires forecasts to be made of the outcomes of long-term contracts, which include assessments and judgements on 
changes in expected costs. A change in the estimate of total forecast contract costs would impact the stage of completion of those 
contracts and the level of revenue recognised thereon, which could have a material impact on the results of the Group. 

r&D Tax credit

iii)     
The R&D tax credit is calculated using the current rules as prescribed by HMRC. The estimation is based on the actual UK R&D 
projects that qualify for the scheme that have been carried out in the period. Management form an estimation of the tax credit on a 
prudent basis and then obtain additional professional input from the current tax providers prior to submission of the claim to HMRC. 
The Group has assumed 100% of the R&D tax credit is recoverable. If only 95% of the claim were to be accepted by HMRC, this 
would have the effect of reducing the tax receivable and corresponding tax credit by £52k to £979k. 

recoverability of receivables and amounts recoverable on contract 

iv) 
Management  judge  the  recoverability  at  the  balance  sheet  date  and  provide  where  appropriate.  The  provision  for  impairment 
represents management’s best estimate of losses incurred in the portfolio at the balance sheet date, assessed on customer risk 
scoring and commercial discussions. Further, management estimate the recoverability of any AROC balances relating to customer 
contracts. This estimate includes an assessment of the probability of receipt, exposure to credit loss and the value of any potential 
recovery. Management base this estimate using the most recent and reliable information that can be reasonably obtained at any 

62

 
Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

3. 

crITIcAl AccouNTING juDGemeNTS AND KeY SourceS oF eSTImATIoN uNcerTAINTY (CONtINUED)

point  of  review.  A  material  change  in  the  facts  and  circumstances  could  lead  to  a  reversal  of  impairment  proportional  to  the 
expected cash inflows supported by this information.    

Impairment reviews 

v)  
Management conduct annual impairment reviews of the Group’s non-current assets on the consolidated statement of financial 
position. This includes goodwill annually, development costs where IAS 36 requires it and other assets as the appropriate standards 
prescribe.  Any  impairment  review  is  conducted  using  the  Group’s  future  growth  targets  regarding  its  key  markets  of  nuclear 
detection, medical imaging and security screening. The current carrying value of this class of assets is £40m as set out on the 
Group’s consolidated statement of financial position. Sensitivities are applied to the growth assumptions to consider any potential 
long-term impact of current economic conditions, such as COVID-19. Any provision is made where the recoverable amount is less 
than the current carrying value of the asset. Further details as to the estimation uncertainty and the key assumptions are set out 
in note 14.

4. 

operATING SeGmeNTS

products and services from which reportable segments derive their revenues
For management purposes, the Group is organised into two geographical business units from which the Group currently operates (US 
and  UK)  and  it  is  on  these  operating  segments  that  the  Group  is  providing  disclosure.  Both  business  units  operate  in  the  three  key 
markets of the Group (nuclear detection, medical imaging and security screening). However, typically, the US business unit focuses on 
medical imaging and the UK on nuclear detection and security screening. However, this arrangement is flexible and can vary based on the 
geographical location of the Group’s customer.    

The chief operating decision maker is the Board of Directors, who assess performance of the segments using the following key performances 
indicators:  revenues,  gross  profit  and  operating  profit.  The  amounts  provided  to  the  Board  with  respect  to  assets  and  liabilities  are 
measured in a way consistent with the financial statements.

The turnover, profit on ordinary activities and net assets of the Group are attributable to one business segment, i.e. the development of 
digital colour X-ray imaging enabling direct materials identification, as well as developing a number of detection products in the industrial 
and consumer markets.

Analysis by geographical area
A geographical analysis of the revenue from the Group’s customers by destination is as follows:

United Kingdom

North America

Asia

Europe

Australasia

Total revenue

2020
£’000

2,541

7,606

893

2,075

5

2019
£’000

2,267

4,869

5,452

1,905

24

13,120

14,517

Total revenue from contracts with customers was £12,835k (2019: £13,497k).

The Group has aggregated its market sectors into two reporting segments being the operational business units in the UK and US. The 
UK operations consists of Kromek Group Plc and Kromek Limited. The US operations consists of Kromek Inc, eV Products Inc, and Nova 
R&D Inc. The Board currently consider this to be the most appropriate aggregation due to the main markets that are typically addressed 
by the UK and US and necessary skillsets and expertise.

63

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

4. 

operATING SeGmeNTS (CONtINUED)

A geographical analysis of the Group’s revenue by origin is as follows:

Year ended 30 April 2020

revenue from sales
Revenue by segment:
-Sale of goods and services

-Revenue from grants

-Revenue from contract customers

Total sales by segment

Removal of inter-segment sales

Total external sales

Segment result – operating (loss)/profit before exceptional items

Interest received

Interest expense

Exceptional items

(loss)/profit before tax

Tax credit

(loss)/profit for the year

Reconciliation to adjusted EBITDA:

Net interest

Other operating income

Tax

Depreciation of PPE right-of-use asset

Amortisation

Share-based payment charge

One-off customer financing discount

Exceptional items

Adjusted eBITDA

other segment information

Property, plant and equipment additions

Right-of-use assets

Depreciation of PPE and right-of-use asset

Release of capital grant

Intangible asset additions

Amortisation of intangible assets

Statement of financial position

Total assets

Total liabilities

64

uK operations 
£’000

uS operations
£’000

Total for Group
£’000

8,312

285

811

9,408

(2,600)

6,808

(1,906)

60

(326)

-

(2,172)

904

(1,268)

266

-

(904)

545

1,148

225

-

-

12

5,888

1,136

545

(33)

3,973

1,148

40,997

(13,925)

7,205

-

342

7,547

(1,235)

6,312

(2,833)

-

(278)

(13,062)

(16,173)

901

(15,272)

278

-

(901)

640

994

-

746

13,062

(453)

1,077

3,429

640

-

1,526

994

23,660

(5,665)

15,517

285

1,153

16,955

(3,835)

13,120

(4,739)

60

(604)

(13,062)

(18,345)

1,805

(16,540)

544

-

(1,805)

1,185

2,142

225

746

13,062

(441)

6,965

4,565

1,185

(33)

5,499

2,142

64,657

(19,590)

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

4. 

operATING SeGmeNTS (CONtINUED)

Year ended 30 April 2019 as restated (see note 2)

uK operations 
£’000

uS operations
£’000

Total for Group
£’000

revenue from sales
Revenue by segment:
-Sale of goods and services

-Revenue from grants

-Revenue from contract customers

Total sales by segment

Removal of inter-segment sales

Total external sales

Segment result – operating (loss)/profit

Interest received

Interest expense

loss before tax

Tax credit

(loss)/profit for the year

Reconciliation to adjusted EBITDA:

Net interest

Other operating income

Tax

Depreciation of PPE and right-of-use asset

Amortisation

Non-recurring other income

Share-based payment charge

Adjusted eBITDA

other segment information

Property, plant and equipment additions

Right-of-use asset

Depreciation of PPE and right-of-use asset

Intangible asset additions

Amortisation of intangible assets

Statement of financial position

Total assets

Total liabilities

6,718

1,020

82

7,820

(1,251)

6,569

(1,652)

155

(197)

(1,694)

1,020

(674)

42

-

(1,020)

432

1,085

-

184

49

569

1,051

432

1,309

1,085

41,370

(7,097)

4,694

-

4,534

9,228

(1,280)

7,948

746

-

(322)

424

(383)

41

322

-

383

447

721

-

11

1,925

3,075

3,257

447

1,632

721

11,412

1,020

4,616

17,048

(2,531)

14,517

(906)

155

(519)

(1,270)

637

(633)

364

-

(637)

879

1,806

-

195

1,974

3,644

4,308

879

2,941

1,806

34,374

(8,312)

75,744

(15,409)

Inter-segment sales are charged on an arms-length basis.

No other additions of non-current assets have been recognised during the year other than property, plant and equipment, and intangible 
assets.

No impairment losses were recognised in respect of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets including goodwill.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Group’s accounting policies described in note 2. Segment (loss) 
represents the (loss) earned by each segment. This is the measure reported to the Group’s Chief Executive for the purpose of resource 
allocation and assessment of segment performance.

65

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

4. 

operATING SeGmeNTS (CONtINUED)

revenues from major products and services
The Group’s revenues from its major products and services were as follows:

Product revenue

Research and development revenue

Consolidated revenue 

2020
£’000

10,314

2,806

13,120

2019
£’000

12,060

2,457

14,517

Information about major customers
Included  in  revenues  arising  from  US  operations  are  revenues  of  approximately  £2,234k  (2019:  £4,092k)  that  arose  from  the  Group’s 
largest customer. Included in revenues arising from UK operations are revenues of approximately £1,542k (2019: £1,066k) that arose from 
a major customer.

5. 

loSS BeFore TAx For The YeAr

Loss before tax for the year has been arrived at after (crediting)/charging:

Net foreign exchange losses/(gains)

Research and development costs recognised as an expense

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Release of capital grant

Amortisation of internally-generated intangible assets

Cost of inventories recognised as expense

Exceptional items - impairment of trade receivables and AROC (see note 8)

Early settlement costs

Staff costs (see note 7)

6. 

AuDITor’S remuNerATIoN

The analysis of the auditor’s remuneration is as follows:

Fees payable to the company’s auditor and their associates for 
other services to the Group

–The audit of the Company and its subsidiaries

total audit fees

-   Interim assurance

-   Taxation and other services

total non-audit fees

total

66

2020
£’000

(653)

5,457

1,185

(33)

2,142

4,654

13,062

746

8,776

2019
£’000

82

5,432

879
-
1,806

4,152
-
-
7,696

2020
£’000

2019
£’000

110

110

12

70

82

192

62

62

10

24

34

96

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

7. 

STAFF coSTS

The average monthly number of employees (excluding non-executive directors) was:

Directors (executive)

Research and development, production

Sales and marketing

Administration

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Pension scheme contributions

Share-based payments

2020
Number

2019
Number

2

116

8

13

139

2020
£’000

7,432

754

365

225

8,776

2

95

7

12

116

Restated
2019
£’000

6,602

570

329

195

7,696

The current period classification of certain wage and salary expenses has been revised and comparatives have been represented on a 
consistent basis. There is no impact to the statement of profit and loss as all of the reclassifications occur within the administrative expense 
line item on the income statement.

The  total  Directors’  emoluments  (including  non-executive  directors)  was  £580k  (2019:  £728k).  The  aggregate  value  of  contributions 
paid to money purchase pension schemes was £21k (2019: £21k) in respect of three directors (2019: three directors). For a breakdown 
of remuneration by director, refer to the Directors’ emoluments table on page 36. There has been no exercise of share options by the 
Directors in the period and therefore no gain recognised in the year (2019: nil).

The highest paid director received emoluments of £221k (2019: £306k) and amounts paid to money purchase pension schemes was £10k 
(2019: £10k). 

Key management compensation:

Wages and salaries and other short-term benefits

Social security costs

Pension scheme contributions

Share-based payment expense

Key management comprise the Executive Directors and senior operational staff.

2020
£’000

980

130

28

185

1,323

2019
£’000

1,127

136

27

184

1,474

67

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

8. 

excepTIoNAl ITemS

Exceptional items, booked to operating costs, comprised the following:

Impairment of trade receivables and AROC 

Total exceptional items

2020
£’000

13,062

13,062

2019
£’000

-

-

The  immediate  and  ongoing  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  has  created  significant  economic  uncertainty  on  a  global  scale.  The 
expected credit losses are reviewed annually, or when there is a significant change in external factors potentially impacting credit risk, such 
as COVID-19, and are updated where management’s expectations of credit losses change.

Management group and measure the expected credit losses of trade receivables based on operational market and geographical region. 
As illustrated in note 4, the Group operates across a number of geographical areas. 

This impairment relates to two separate contracts with specific customers within this geographical area who were identified as having a 
significantly elevated credit risk. The assessment carried out by management suggested delays in delivery due to travel restriction and 
subsequent doubt over expected future cash flow, increasing the likelihood of credit default by these specific debtors in the next 12 months 
due. This charge of £13,062k has therefore been presented as an exceptional item arising as a result of COVID-19 in accordance with the 
Group’s accounting policy, as it is considered to be one-off in nature, size and incidence. It represents a full write down of invoiced debtors 
and AROC. The amounts have been fully written down as management have concluded that any collateral is not considered to be material. 

From a tax perspective, this impairment has increased the taxable losses in the period, however no deferred tax asset has been recognised 
as it is not yet certain that there will be future taxable profits available. 

Asia still represents a significant technology opportunity for the Group, however, the Group is currently uncertain of timescales to full market 
traction. Any subsequent reversal of the amount recognised in future years would also be recognised as an exceptional item.

2020 
£’000

60

60

2020 
£’000

365

239

604

2019 
£’000

155

155

2019 
£’000

293

226

519

9. 

FINANce INcome

Bank deposits

Total finance income

10. 

FINANce coSTS

Interest on bank overdrafts, loans and borrowings

Interest expense for lease arrangements

Total interest expense

68

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

11. 

TAx

recognised in the income statement

Current tax credit:

UK corporation tax on losses in the year

Adjustment in respect of previous periods

Foreign taxes paid

Total current tax

Deferred tax:

Origination and reversal of timing differences

Adjustment in respect of previous periods

Total deferred tax

2020 
£’000

1,030

(129)

-

901

904

-

904

Restated* 
2019 
£’000

642

(5)

-

637

-

-

-

Total tax credit in income statement

1,805

637

* see note 2

A UK corporation rate of 19% (effective 1 April 2020) was substantively enacted on 17 March 2020, reversing the previously enacted 
reduction in the rate from 19% to 17%. This will increase the Company’s future current tax charge accordingly. The deferred tax asset at 
30 April 2020 has been calculated at 19% (2019: 17%).

reconciliation of tax credit
The charge for the year can be reconciled to the profit in the income statement as follows:

Loss before tax

Tax at the UK corporation tax rate of 19% (2019: 19.0%)

(Non-taxable income)/expenses not deductible 

Effect of R&D

Rate differences effect of R&D

Share scheme deduction under Part 12 CTA 2009

Unrecognised movement on deferred tax

Adjustment in respect of previous periods

Effects of overseas tax rates

Total tax credit for the year

* see note 2

2020
£’000

18,345

3,486

(3,754)

553

(255)

1

239

(129)

1,664

1,805

Restated*
 2019
£’000

1,270

241

(223)

771

-

9

(96)

(5)

(60)

637

Further details of deferred tax are given in note 21. There are no tax items charged to other comprehensive income.

The effect of R&D is the tax impact of capitalised development costs being deducted in the year in which they are incurred.

Adjustment in respect of previous periods relate to additional R&D tax credits the Group receives following final submission.  

The  rate  of  corporation  tax  for  the  year  is  19%  (2019:  19%).  A  UK  corporation  rate  of  19%  (effective  1  April  2020)  was  substantively 
enacted on 17 March 2020, reversing the previously enacted reduction in the rate from 19% to 17%. Accordingly, deferred tax has been 
provided in line with the rates at which temporary differences are expected to reverse.  

The other tax jurisdiction that the Group currently operates in is the US. Any deferred tax arising from the US operations is calculated at 
28.89% which represents the federal plus state tax rate. 

69

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

12. 

DIVIDeNDS

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2019: £nil). 

13. 

loSSeS per ShAre

The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following data:

losses

Losses for the purposes of basic and diluted losses per share being net losses attributable to owners 
of the Group

Number of shares

2020 
£’000

(16,540)

2020
Number

Restated*
2019
£’000

(633)

2019
Number

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic losses per share

344,644,492

275,073,400

Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares:

   Share options

1,084,826

2,581,104

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of diluted losses per share

345,729,318

277,654,504

Basic (p)

Diluted (p)

* see note 2

2020 

(4.8)

(4.8)

2019 

(0.2)

(0.2)

Due to the Group having losses in each of the years, the fully diluted loss per share for disclosure purposes, as shown in the income 
statement, is the same as for the basic loss per share.

14. 

ImpAIrmeNT oF INTANGIBle ASSeTS INcluDING GooDWIll

cost

At 1 May 2019

At 30 April 2020

Accumulated impairment losses

At 1 May 2019

At 30 April 2020

carrying amount

At 30 April 2020

At 30 April 2019

£’000

1,275

1,275

-

-

1,275

1,275

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated, at acquisition, to the cash generating units (CGUs) that are expected to benefit 
from that business combination. Before recognition of impairment losses, the carrying amount of goodwill had been allocated as follows:

70

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

14. 

ImpAIrmeNT oF INTANGIBle ASSeTS INcluDING GooDWIll (CONtINUED)

cGu

US

UK

Total

Goodwill
£’000

1,275

-

1,275

Intangibles
£’000

10,242

11,636

21,878

The goodwill arose on the acquisition of Nova R&D, Inc. in 2010, and represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration given over 
the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired. 

Goodwill has been allocated to Kromek USA (a combination of eV Products and Nova R&D Inc.) as a cash generating unit (CGU). This is 
reported in note 4 within the segmental analysis of the US operations. 

Impairment tests
The Group tests goodwill annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indications that goodwill might be impaired, by comparing 
the carrying value of the goodwill to its value in use on a discounted cash flow basis.  

The  Group  tests  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  for  impairment  if  an  indicator  exists.  The  Board  considers  the  potential  impact  of 
COVID-19 on the future prospects of the business to be an indicator of impairment and has carried out an impairment test by comparing 
the carrying value of each CGU to its value in use on a discounted cash flow basis.

In undertaking the impairment test, management considered both internal and external sources of information. The impairment testing did 
not identify any impairments in either CGU.

Forecast cash flows
Management  has  prepared  cash  flow  forecasts  for  10  years  plus  a  perpetuity.  This  exceeds  the  five  years  as  set  out  in  the  standard 
but has been used on the basis that the entity is in the early stage of its maturity and will not have reached steady state after five years. 
Management have visibility over contracts in place and in the pipeline that enable it to forecast accurately for 10 years and the cash flows 
are based on the useful economic life of the ‘know how’, which is considered to be the essential asset.  

uS
The key assumptions to the value in use calculations are set out below:

-  Growth  rate.    The  2020  model  does  not  include  any  revenue  growth  in  years  1  and  2  (see  below  for  comparatives).  The 
cumulative aggregate growth rate ‘CAGR’ of revenue in the 10-year model is 28%. This growth rate comprises both capacity 
increases  as  a  result  of  increases  in  raw  material  to  finished  product  efficiencies  and  price  increases,  factoring  in  existing 
contracts and those in the pipeline and is reflective of historical growth rates as well as the Company’s share of the overall 
markets the US CGU operates in. No growth is assumed after 10 years.

-  Discount rates.  Management have derived a pre-tax discount rate of 14.86% using the latest market assumptions for the risk-
free rate, the equity premium and the net cost of debt, which are all based on publicly available sources, as well as adjustments 
for forecasting risk for which management considered the historical growth of the entity as well as the visibility of cash flows 
from a contracted perspective, which are all based on publicly available sources. The discount rate is lower than that used in 
2019. The key drivers of this change are the changes in market assumptions for US corporate bond yields and risk-free rates. 

uK 

-  Growth rate.  The model does not include any growth in years 1 and 2 (see below for comparatives). The CAGR in the 10-year 
model is 18%. This growth rate comprises both capacity increases as a result of increases in raw material to finished product 
efficiencies and price increases, factoring in existing contracts and those in the pipeline and is reflective of historical growth rates  
as well as and the Company’s share of the overall markets the UK CGU operates in. No growth is assumed after 10 years.

-  Discount rates.  Management have derived a pre-tax discount rate of 13.14% using the latest market assumptions for the risk-
free rate, the equity premium and the net cost of debt, which are all based on publicly available sources, as well as adjustments 
for forecasting risk for which management considered the historical growth of the entity as well as the visibility of cash flows 
from a contracted perspective. The discount rate is lower than that used in 2019. The key drivers of this change are the changes 
in market assumptions for UK corporate bond yields and risk-free rates.

71

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

14. 

ImpAIrmeNT oF INTANGIBle ASSeTS INcluDING GooDWIll (CONtINUED)

Sensitivities
The headrooms in the base case models are £17,613k (US CGU) and £25,519k (UK CGU). The table below sets out the impact of the 
following reasonable changes in assumption on the headroom of each CGU:

Discount Rate +2%

CAGR falls to 23% (US) and 15% (UK) 

Combination of Discount Rate +2% and CAGR decreases above

2019

US Reduction in Headroom
£’000

UK Reduction in Headroom
£’000

(9,136)

(20,775)

(29,560)

(10,669)

(22,514)

(28,485)

The goodwill arose on the acquisition of Nova R&D, Inc. in 2010, and represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration given over 
the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired.

Goodwill has been allocated to Kromek USA (a combination of eV Products and Nova R&D Inc.) as cash generating unit (CGU). This is 
reported in note 4 within the segmental analysis of the US operations.

The Group tests goodwill annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indications that goodwill might be impaired, by comparing 
the net book value of the goodwill and non-current assets for the CGU to its value in use on a discounted cash flow basis.

The recoverable amount has been determined on a value in use basis on each cash-generating unit using the management approved 10 
year forecasts for each cash-generating unit. The base 10-year projection is year-on-year growth over the next 10 years, with overheads 
remaining relatively stable. The annual growth rate of the CGU for the next 10 years is expected to be 70%. These cash flows are then 
discounted at the Company’s weighted average cost of capital of 11.97% (2018: 12.37%).

Based on the results of the current year impairment review, no impairment charges have been recognised by the Group in the year ended 
30 April 2019 (2018: £nil). Management have considered various sensitivity analyses in order to appropriately evaluate the carrying value 
of goodwill.

Having  assessed  the  anticipated  future  cash  flows,  the  Directors  do  not  consider  there  to  be  any  reasonably  possible  changes  in 
assumptions  that  would  lead  to  such  an  impairment  charge  in  the  year  ended  30  April  2019.  For  illustrative  purposes,  a  compound 
reduction in revenue of 10% in each of years 1-10 whilst holding overheads constant would not affect the conclusion of the review.

The Directors have reviewed the recoverable amount of the CGU and do not consider there to be any impairment in 2019 or 2018.

72

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

15.  oTher INTANGIBle ASSeTS

Development 
costs
£’000

patents,
trademarks & 
other intangibles
£’000

cost

At 1 May 2019

Additions

Exchange differences

At 30 April 2020

Amortisation

At 1 May 2019

Charge for the year

Exchange differences

At 30 April 2020

carrying amount

At 30 April 2020

At 30 April 2019

19,085

5,256

346

24,687

3,754

1,549

44

5,347

19,340

15,331

7,202

243

144

7,589

4,368

593

90

5,051

2,538

2,834

Total
£’000

26,287

5,499

490

32,276

8,122

2,142

134

10,398

21,878

18,165

The Group amortise the capitalised development costs on a straight-line basis over a period of 2-15 years rather than against product 
sales directly relating to the development expenditure. Provision is made for any impairment.

Patents and trademarks are amortised over their estimated useful lives, which is on average 10 years.

The carrying amounts of the acquired intangible assets arising on the acquisitions of Nova R&D, Inc. and eV Products, Inc. as at the 30 
April 2020 was £705k (2019: £952k), with amortisation to be charged over the remaining useful lives of these assets which is between 3 
and 13 years.

The amortisation charge on intangible assets is included in administrative expenses in the consolidated income statement.

Further details on impairment testing are set out in note 14.

73

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

16. 

properTY, plANT AND equIpmeNT

lab 
equipment
£’000

Assets under 
construction
£’000

computer 
equipment
£’000

plant and 
machinery
£’000

Fixtures and
Fittings
£’000

-

20

-

-

20

-

-

-

-

20

-

494

5,606

(6,100)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

494

1,131

144

15

16

10,651

1,181

5,985

224

1,306

18,041

825

124

8

957

349

306

5,435

648

90

6,173

11,868

5,216

427

14

100

11

552

191

45

2

238

314

236

Total
£’000

12,703

6,965

-

251

19,919

6,451

817

100

7,368

12,551

6,252

cost or valuation

At 1 May 2019

Additions

Transfer between classes

Exchange differences

At 30 April 2020

Accumulated depreciation and 
impairment

At 1 May 2019

Charge for the year

Exchange differences

At 30 April 2020

carrying amount

At 30 April 2020

At 30 April 2019

17. 

rIGhT-oF-uSe ASSeT

The Group early adopted IFRS 16 and from 1 May 2018 recognised right-of-use assets for leases previously classified as operating leases 
applying IAS 17. Details of the Group’s right-of-use assets and their carrying amount are as follows:

cost 

Opening right-of-use asset on 1 May 2019

New leases in the year

Effect of movements in exchange rates

cost at 30 April 2020

Depreciation 

Depreciation charged to right-of-use asset on 1 May 2019

Charge for the year

Exchange differences

Depreciation at 30 April 2020

carrying amount

At 30 April 2020

At 30 April 2019

74

2020
£’000

4,308

134

123

4,565

333

368

12

713

3,852

3,975

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

18. 

SuBSIDIArIeS

A  list  of  the  subsidiaries,  including  the  name,  country  of  incorporation,  and  proportion  of  ownership  interest  is  given  in  note  3  to  the 
Company’s separate financial statements.

19. 

INVeNTorIeS

Raw materials

Work-in-progress

Finished goods

2020
£’000

3,202

3,015

199

6,416

2019
£’000

1,394

1,656

177

3,227

The cost of inventories recognised as an expense during the year in respect of continuing operations was £4,654k (2019: £4,152k). 

The write-down of inventories to net realisable value amounted to £616k (2019: £751k). The reversal of write-downs amounted to £150k 
(2019: nil). The partial release of the write-downs was because of a revised estimate of the net realisable value of certain inventory lines 
based upon actual sales made of the inventory during the period.

20. 

AmouNTS recoVerABle oN coNTrAcTS AND TrADe AND oTher receIVABleS 

contracts in progress at the balance sheet date:

Amounts due from contract customers included in trade and other receivables

ECL impairment

Contract costs incurred plus recognised profits less recognised losses to date

Less: progress billings

Less: ECL impairment

Trade and other receivables

Amount receivable for the sale of goods

Amounts recoverable on contracts (see note 20)

Other receivables

Prepayments and accrued income

Current tax assets

2020
£’000

12,195

(12,023)

172

12,730

(535)

(12,023)

172

2020
£’000

6,076

172

662

1,300

1,031

9,241

2019
£’000

12,362

-

12,362

12,929

    (567)

-

12,362

2019
£’000

5,592

12,362

848

1,195

987

20,984

Amount receivable for the sale of goods
Trade receivables disclosed above are classified as financial assets at amortised cost. 

The average credit period taken on sales of goods is 54 days. The Group initially recognises an impairment allowance of 100% against receivables 
over 120 days. However, this is subject to management override where there is evidence of recoverability, most notably, where specific support is 
being provided to strategic partners in the marketing of new products. 

75

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

20. 

AmouNTS recoVerABle oN coNTrAcTS AND TrADe AND oTher receIVABleS (CONtINUED)

Amount receivable for the sale of goods (continued)
Before accepting any new customer, the Group uses an external credit scoring system to assess the potential customer’s credit quality and defines 
credit limits by customer. 

The Group does not hold any collateral or other credit enhancements over any of its trade receivables, with the exception of stock recovered from 
customers in respect of the doubtful debts disclosed below.

Ageing of past due but not credit impaired receivables at the statement of financial position date was:

31-60 days 

61-90 days

91-120 days

121+ days

Total

2020
£’000

222

38

4

1,915

2,179

2019
£’000

113

113

-

893

1,119

In determining the recoverability of a trade receivable, the Group considers any change in the credit quality of the trade receivable from the date 
credit was initially granted up to the reporting date. 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables is approximately equal to their fair value.

Ageing of impaired receivables at the statement of financial position date was:

31-60 days 

61-90 days

91-120 days

121+ days

Total

2020
£’000

-

-

-

1,323

1,323

2019
£’000

-

-

-

116

116

At  30  April  2020,  trade  receivables  are  shown  net  of  an  impairment  allowance  of  £1,323k  (2019:  £116k)  arising  from  the  ordinary  course  of 
business, as follows:

Balance at 1 May 2019

Provided during the year

(Released) during the year

Impact of foreign exchange

Balance at 30 April 2020

2020
£’000

116

1,204

-

3

1,323

2019
£’000

303

-

(193)

6

116

The doubtful debt provision records impairment losses unless the Group is satisfied that no recovery of the amount owing is possible, at which 
point the amounts considered irrecoverable are written off against the trade receivables directly. 

76

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

21. 

DeFerreD TAx lIABIlITIeS

The following are the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the Group and movements thereon during the current and 
prior reporting period.

restated 
fair value 
revaluation of 
acquired 
intangibles
£’000

restated 
accelerated  
capital 
allowances
£’000

restated 
short-term  
timing 
differences
£’000

At 1 May 2019 

Prior year adjustment (note 2)

Restated at 1 May 2019

(Credit)/charge to profit or loss

At 30 April 2020

339

121

460

(71)

389

1,069

2,446

3,515

1,441

4,956

restated 
tax
losses
£’000

(1,254)

(1,531)

(2,785)

restated 
total
£’000

-

868

868

(2,044)

(868)

(154)

(168)

(322)

(194)

(516)

(4,829)

-

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where the Group has a legally enforceable right to do so. The following is the analysis of the 
deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes:

Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax assets

*see note 2

2020
£’000

4,829

(4,829)

-

Restated*
2019
£’000

3,974

(3,106)

868

At the statement of financial position date, the Group has unused tax losses of £27,614k (2019: £20,632k) available for offset against 
future profits. A deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of £4,484k (2019: £6,763k) of such losses. The asset is considered 
recoverable because it can be offset to reduce future tax liabilities arising in the Group. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in 
respect of the remaining £23,130k (2019: £13,869k) as it is not yet considered sufficiently certain that there will be future taxable profits 
available. All losses may be carried forward indefinitely subject to a significant change in the nature of the Group’s trade with US losses 
having a maximum life of 20 years.

22. 

TrADe AND oTher pAYABleS

payable within one year:

Trade payables and accruals

Deferred income

payable in more than one year:

Deferred income

Deferred tax liability (note 2)

2020
£’000

8,632

163

8,795

2020
£’000

1,021

-

1,021

2019
£’000

4,871

13

4,884

2019
£’000

-

868

868

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. The average credit period taken 
for trade purchases is 40 days. For all suppliers, no interest is charged on the trade payables. The Group has financial risk management policies 
in place to ensure that all payables are paid within the pre-agreed credit terms.

77

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

22. 

TrADe AND oTher pAYABleS (CONtINUED)

Deferred income relates to government grants received which have been deferred until the conditions attached to the grants are met.

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their fair value.

23. 

leASe oBlIGATIoN

The Group has measured lease liabilities at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the Group’s incremental 
borrowing rate at the date of initial application. Details of the Group’s liability in respect of right-of-use assets and their carrying amount 
are as follows:

Opening lease liability at 1 May 2019

New leases entered into during the year

Finance costs

Payments made during the year

Impact of foreign exchange

At 30 April 2020

Presented as:

Lease liability payable within 1 year

Lease liability payable in more than 1 year

At 30 April 2020

2020
£’000

4,211

134

240

(539)

122

4,168

324

3,844

4,168

Rental charges associated with other low value leased assets that fall within the expedient threshold have been expensed to the profit and 
loss accounts (£15k). 

24. 

proVISIoNS For lIABIlITIeS

At 1 May 

Charged to profit or loss

Fully utilised

Impact of foreign exchange

At 30 April

2020
£’000

-

-

-

-

-

2019
£’000

424

-

(424)

-

-

During the prior year, the Company was given notice on one of its sites. The site’s dilapidations provision reflects management’s best 
estimates and ability to measure the likely costs that may be incurred restoring the building back to its original state. The Group had no 
future obligations as at 30 April 2019 relating to the old site as full and comprehensive corrective dilapidations were undertaken so the 
provision has been utilised in full.

78

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

25. 

BorroWINGS

Secured borrowing at amortised cost

Revolving credit facility and capex facility

Other borrowings

Total borrowings

Amount due for settlement within 12 months

Amount due for settlement after 12 months

2020
£’000

4,900

706

5,606

3,669

1,937

2019
£’000

3,000

2,446

5,446

3,133

2,313

During the prior year, the Group successfully renewed its revolving credit facility, which also incorporates a Capex facility. Previously a 
24-month facility, this facility is now a 36 months deal with a plus 1, plus 1 option with regards to years 4 to 5. In addition to the extension 
of the renewal period, the quantum of the facility has increased from £3.0m to £5.0m. In October 2019, an additional £2.0m was drawn 
down to help facilitate capital expenditure purposes. This is repaid on a quarterly basis in an amount equal to 1/20th of the drawn Capex 
loan. Once repaid, the Group was able to draw down the repaid amount against the original RCF. This facility is secured by a debenture 
and a composite guarantee across the Group. The terms of the RCF are a nominal interest rate of LIBOR+2.5% and a repayment term of 
six months from date of drawdown. The fair value equates to the carrying value.

Other borrowings comprise a loan with the landlord in the US.

In the prior year, the Group secured a £2.3m loan with the landlord of the new Zelienople premises in relation to additional leasehold 
improvements. A proportion of this loan was repaid early during the year and the balance was rescheduled over a shorter time period. This 
loan is repaid in equal instalments on a monthly basis and attracts interest at 7.50% per annum. Following partial repayment in the year, 
this facility no longer requires a standby letter of credit.

As seen on the face of the Statement of Financial Position, the investment of £1.25m into a money market account at 30 April 2019 is 
zero at 30 April 2020.

At 30 April 2020, the total loan with the landlord was £0.7m (2019: £2.4m). Of this, £0.1m is due within 12 months (2019: £0.1m) and 
£0.6m (2019: £2.3m) is due after 12 months.  

The RCF borrowing is secured by a floating charge over the Group’s assets.

Finance lease liabilities are secured by the assets leased. The borrowings are at a fixed interest rate with repayment periods not exceeding 
five years.

The weighted average interest rates paid during the year were as follows:

Revolving credit facility

Other borrowing facilities

26.  DerIVATIVeS FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS AND heDGe AccouNTING

At 30 April 2020 and 30 April 2019, the Group had no derivatives in place.

2020
%

3.30

5.20

2019
%

3.10

5.30

79

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

27. 

ShAre cApITAl

Allotted, called up and fully paid:

344,635,089 (2019: 260,435,618) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

12,000 (2019: 84,199,741) Ordinary shares issued at £0.01 each

Total 344,647,089 (2019: 344,635,089) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

During the year, 12,000 shares (2019: 191,000) were allotted under EMI share option schemes.

28. 

ShAre premIum AccouNT

2020
£’000

3,446

-

3,446

Balance at 1 May 2019 

Premium arising on issue of equity shares

Expenses arising on issue of equity shares

Balance at 30 April 2020

29. 

TrANSlATIoN reSerVe

Balance at 1 May 2019 (as restated*)

Exchange differences on translating the net assets of foreign operations

Balance at 30 April 2020

*see note 2

2019
£’000

2,604

842

3,446

£’000

61,600

-

-

61,600

£’000

934

1,047

1,981

Exchange differences relating to the translation of the net assets of the Group’s foreign operations, which relate to subsidiaries only, from 
their functional currency into the parent’s functional currency, being sterling, are recognised directly in the translation reserve.

30. 

AccumulATeD loSSeS

Balance at 1 May 2019 (as restated*)

Net loss for the year

Effect of share-based payment credit

Balance at 30 April 2020

*see note 2

80

£’000

(27,498)

(16,540)

225

(43,813)

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

31.  NoTeS To The cASh FloW STATemeNT

Loss for the year

Adjustments for:

Finance income

Finance costs

Income tax credit

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and ROU 

Amortisation of intangible assets

Share-based payment expense

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital

(Increase) in inventories

Decrease/(increase) in receivables

Increase in payables

Increase/(decrease) in provisions

Cash used in operations

Income taxes received

Net cash used in operating activities

*see note 2

cash and cash equivalents

Cash and bank balances

2020 
£’000

(16,540)

(60)

604

(1,805)

1,185

2,142

225

(14,249)

(3,189)

11,787

4,932

-

(719)

898

179

Restated* 
2019 
£’000

(633)

(155)

519

(637)

879

1,806

195

1,974

(213)

(8,663)

1,384

(424)

(5,942)

1,165

(4,777)

2020 
£’000

9,444

2019 
£’000

20,616

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, net of outstanding 
bank overdrafts. The carrying amount of these assets is approximately equal to their fair value.

81

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

32. 

recoNcIlIATIoN oF lIABIlITIeS ArISING From FINANcING AcTIVITIeS 

Balance at 1 May 2019

Cash flows;

-  Repayments

-  Additions

Non-cash

-  Additions

-  Effect of moving exchange rates

- 

Interest applied

Balance at 30 April 2020

33. 

ShAre-BASeD pAYmeNTS

Borrowings
£’000

5,446

(2,105)

2,100

-

93

72

5,606

lease 
liability
£’000

4,211

(539)

-

134

122

240

4,168

equity-settled share option scheme
The Company has a share option scheme (EMI scheme) for all employees of the Group. Options are exercisable at a price equal to the 
average quoted market price of the Company’s shares on the date of grant. The average vesting period is three years. If the options remain 
unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of grant the options expire. Options are forfeited if the employee leaves the Group 
before the options vest.

Details of the share options outstanding during the year are as follows:

Outstanding at beginning of the year

Granted during the year

Exercised during the year

Forfeited during the year

Outstanding at the end of the year

Exercisable at the end of the year

Number 
of share 
options

2020
Weighted average 
exercise price (£)

Number 
of share 
options

2019
Weighted average 
exercise price (£)

10,028,470

2,295,200

(12,000)

(919,000)

11,392,670

9,299,470

0.17

0.21

0.015

0.22

0.15

0.17

9,851,070

882,600

(191,000)

(514,200)

10,028,470

8,875,570

0.17

0.20

0.015

0.28

0.17

0.17

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for share options exercised during the year was £0.015 (2019: £0.015). The 
options outstanding at 30 April 2020 had a weighted average exercise price of £0.15 (2019: £0.17) and a weighted average remaining 
contractual life of four years (2019: four years). The range of exercise prices for outstanding share options at 30 April 2020 was 1.5p to 
79p (2019: 1.5p to 79p). In 2020, the aggregate of the estimated fair values of the options granted is £40k (2019: £46k). The inputs into 
the Black-Scholes model are as follows:

Weighted average share price

Weighted average exercise price

Expected volatility

Expected life

Risk-free rate

Expected dividend yields

82

2020

22p

22p

29.85%

 6 years

0.74

0%

2019

26p

20p

29.30%

6 years

0.57

0%

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

33. 

ShAre-BASeD pAYmeNTS (CONtINUED)

equity-settled share option scheme (continued)
Expected  volatility  was  determined  by  calculating  the  historical  volatility  of  similar  listed  businesses  over  the  previous  three  years.  The 
expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise 
restrictions, and behavioural considerations.

The Kromek Group plc 2013 long Term Incentive plan
On 10 October 2013, a new Long Term Incentive Plan was adopted. Under the plan, awards will be made annually to key employees. 
Subject to the satisfaction of the required TSR performance criteria, these grants will vest evenly over a three-year reporting period, with 
the first having ended on 30 April 2014, and the remainder on subsequent year end dates. 

During October 2019, 1,298,330 (2019: 1,443,829) options were granted under the 2013 LTIP to a number of key employees, including 
two executive directors of the Group. The fair value of these options granted was £124k (2019: £183k). The amounts recognised as a 
share-based payment expense for the year ended 30 April 2020 was £61k (2019: £12k).

The 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan award was valued using the Monte Carlo pricing model. The inputs into the Monte Carlo pricing model 
are as follows:

Weighted average share price

Weighted average exercise price

Expected volatility

Expected life

Risk-free rate

Expected dividend yields

2020

22p

1p

35.00%

  3 years

0.32

0%

2019

22p

1p

35.00%

3 years

0.32

0%

During 2017/18, a new incentive award scheme was introduced for a number of key employees regarding an Average Valuation creation 
of the Company, referred to as the “VC”. This has awarded key employees 8,007,162 options under the scheme. However, these options 
only vest after five years (at 1p per share) and are subject to challenging specific performance criteria over that period commencing 1 May 
2017. The quantity of options that vest is weighted, such that the maximum amount only vests on achievement of all performance criteria.

The  Group  recognised  total  expenses  of  £225k  (2019:  £195k)  related  to  all  equity-settled  share-based  payment  transactions.  This  is 
inclusive of both the equity-settled share option scheme and the 2013 LTIP.

34. 

reTIremeNT BeNeFIT SchemeS

Defined contribution schemes
The Group operates defined contribution retirement benefit schemes for all employees. Where there are employees who leave the schemes 
prior to vesting fully, the contributions payable by the Group are reduced by the amount of forfeited contributions.

The employees of the Group’s subsidiaries in the US are members of a state-managed retirement benefit scheme operated by the US 
government. The subsidiaries are required to contribute a specified percentage of payroll costs to the retirement benefit scheme to fund 
the benefits. The only obligation of the Group with respect to the retirement benefit scheme is to make the specified contributions.

The  total  cost  charged  to  income  of  £365k  (2019:  £329k)  represents  contributions  payable  to  these  schemes  by  the  Group  at  rates 
specified in the rules of the schemes. As at 30 April 2020, contributions of £50k (2019: £23k) due in respect of the current reporting period 
had not been paid over to the scheme.

35. 

FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS

Financial Instruments
The Group’s principal financial instruments are cash and trade receivables. 

The Group has exposure to the following risks from its operations:

capital risk 
The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as going concerns while maximising the return 
to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The Group’s overall strategy has remained unchanged between 
2019 and 2020.

The capital structure of the Group consists of net debt, which includes the borrowings disclosed in note 26 after deducting cash and cash 
equivalents, and equity attributable to equity holders of the Company, comprising issued capital, reserves and accumulated losses as 
disclosed in notes 27 to 30.  

83

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

35. 

FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS (CONtINUED)

capital risk (continued)
The Group is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

The Group’s primary source of capital is equity. By pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk and focusing on the 
effective collection of cash from customers, the Group aims to maximise revenues and operating cash flows. 

Cash flow is further controlled by ongoing justification, monitoring and reporting of capital investment expenditures and regular monitoring 
and reporting of operating costs. Working capital fluctuations are managed through employing the revolving credit facility available, which 
at the year-end was £4.9m (2019: £3.0m). Details of the revolving credit facility have been included in note 25.

The Group considers that the current capital structure will provide sufficient flexibility to ensure that appropriate investment can be made, 
if required, to implement and achieve the longer-term growth strategy of the Group. 

market risk
The Group may be affected by general market trends, which are unrelated to the performance of the Group itself. The Group’s success will 
depend on market acceptance of the Group’s products and there can be no guarantee that this acceptance will be forthcoming.

Market opportunities targeted by the Group may change and this could lead to an adverse effect upon its revenue and earnings.

Foreign currency risk 
The Group’s operations are split between the UK and the US, and as a result the Group incurs costs in currencies other than its presentational 
currency of pounds sterling. The Group also holds cash and cash equivalents in non-sterling denominated bank accounts.

The following table shows the denomination of the year end cash and cash equivalents balance: 

£ sterling

US$ (sterling equivalent)

€ (sterling equivalent)

2020 
£’000

8,285

612

547

2019 
£’000

24,229

(4,156)

543

Had the foreign exchange rate between sterling, US$ and € changed by 3% (2019: 4%), this would affect the loss for the year and net 
assets of the Group by £493k (2019: £1,483k including the prior year adjustment). 3% (2019: 4%) is considered a reasonable assessment 
of foreign exchange movement as this has been the movement noted between 2019 and 2020 (2018 and 2019). 

credit risk 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. The Group 
has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral where appropriate, as a means of 
mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Group only transacts with entities that are rated the equivalent of investment grade 
and above. This information is supplied by independent rating agencies where available, and if not available, the Group uses other publicly 
available financial information and its own trading records to rate its major customers. The Group’s exposure and the credit ratings of its 
counterparties are continuously monitored and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is spread amongst approved counterparties. 
Credit exposure is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by the risk management committee annually. 

Trade  receivables  consist  of  a  small  number  of  customers,  spread  across  diverse  industries  and  geographical  areas.  Ongoing  credit 
evaluation is performed on the financial condition of accounts receivable.

The Group’s standard credit terms are 30 to 60 days from date of invoice. Invoices greater than 60 days old are assessed as overdue. The 
maximum exposure to credit risk is the carrying value of each financial asset included on the statement of financial position as summarised 
in note 20.

Amounts recoverable on contract arise following revenue recognised over time in line with IFRS 15. The balance of £172k at 30 April 2020 
will convert into invoiced revenues following product dispatch to the customer. The Group retain physical possession of the inventory, 
which passes to the customer on payment of invoice. Under these contracts, the Group retains the right to be compensated at a minimum 
for the full value of the contract in the event of early termination.

The Group’s management considers that all the above financial assets that are not impaired or past due for each of the reporting dates 
under review are of good quality.

As a result of COVID-19, the Group has adopted the simplified approach when measuring the trade receivable expected credit losses. 
To measure the expected credit losses, trade and other receivables have been grouped based on market and geographical region. The 
expected loss rates are reviewed annually, or when there is a significant change in external factors potentially impacting credit risk, and are 
updated where management’s expectations of credit losses change. Management have increased the expected loss rates for trade and 
other receivables by £13,062k, which has been summarised further in note 8.

84

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

35. 

FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS (CONtINUED)

liquidity risk
Ultimate  responsibility  for  liquidity  risk  management  rests  with  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  has  established  an  appropriate  liquidity 
risk  management  framework  for  the  management  of  the  Group’s  short-,  medium-  and  long-term  funding  and  liquidity  management 
requirements. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, by 
continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. Further, 
the Group has a US dollar overdraft facility with a right to offset, which allows US dollars to be drawn at any time provided that the Group 
maintain sufficient credit balances on other currency accounts to facilitate an offset. Following the offset, the Group has to be in a minimum 
net credit position of £100 at any time. It is management’s intent to offset this overdraft with other credit balances. The purpose of this 
offset  account  is  to  allow  the  Group  operational  flexibility  in  meeting  its  multicurrency  liabilities  and  to  be  able  to  utilise  credit  from  its 
multicurrency customers. The Group has sufficient cash reserves to facilitate this right of offset.

The  following  table  details  the  Group’s  remaining  contractual  maturity  for  its  non-derivative  financial  liabilities  with  agreed  repayment 
periods. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which 
the Group can be required to pay. The table includes both interest and principal cash flows. The contractual maturity is based on the 
earliest date on which the Group may be required to pay.

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest rate
%

Less 
than 
1 month
£’000

1-3 
months
£’000

3 months 
to 1 year
£’000

1-5 years
£’000

5+ years
£’000

Total
£’000

revolving credit Facility 
at 30 April 2019

other Borrowing Facilities 
at 30 April 2019 

lease obligations 
at 30 April 2019

revolving credit and capex  
Facility at 30 April 2020

other Borrowing Facilities 
at 30 April 2020 

lease obligations 
at 30 April 2020

3.1

5.3

5.0

3.3

5.2

5.4

-

11

21

32

-

14

26

40

-

33

65

98

-

28

53

81

3,000

-

-

3,000

89

527

1,786

2,446

187

1,183

2,755

4,211

3,276

3,500

127

245

1,710

1,400

537

4,541

9,657

-

-

4,900

706

1,206

2,638

4,168

3,872

3,143

2,638

9,774

Significant accounting policies
Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted (including the criteria for recognition, the basis of measurement and 
the bases for recognition of income and expenses) for each class of financial asset, financial liability and equity instrument are disclosed 
in note 2.

Financial covenants
The total RCF the Group has with HSBC has three covenants:

•	 A	maximum	cap	on	the	net	debt	/	EBITDA	ratio.	This	is	tested	on	a	quarterly	basis	ending	31	January,	30	April,	31	July	and	31	October.	
Following the renegotiation of this covenant with HSBC, it will first be tested for the quarter ending 31 July 2021 having secured a 
covenant holiday in the quarters ending 31 October 2020, 31 January 2021 and 30 April 2021; 

•	 a	maximum	cap	on	the	EBIT	/	finance	charges	ratio.	This	is	tested	on	an	annual	basis	ending	30	April.	Following	the	renegotiation	of	
this covenant with HSBC, it will first be tested for the 12 months ending 30 April 2022 having secured a covenant holiday for the year 
ending 30 April 2021; and

•	 a	minimum	tangible	net	worth	of	the	Group’s	balance	sheet.	The	tangible	net	worth	is	defined	as	shareholders’	funds	less	intangible	
assets plus non-redeemable preference shares. This is tested on a quarterly basis on 31 October 2020, 31 January 2021 and 30 April 
2021. 

85

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

35. 

FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS (CONtINUED)

Financial covenants (continued)
There is also a further covenant specifically relating to the working capital element of the RCF the Group has with HSBC as follows:

•	

the	 working	 capital	 element	 of	 the	 RCF	 is	 not	 to	 exceed	 a	 maximum	 cap	 of	 the	 combined	 total	 of	 Group	 inventories	 and	 trade	
receivables less than 90 days old. This is tested on a quarterly basis ending 31 January, 30 April, 31 July and 31 October.

categories of financial instruments

Financial assets

Investment in money market accounts

Cash and bank balances 

Loans and receivables 

Financial liabilities

Amortised cost 

2020 
£’000

-

9,444

6,969

2019 
£’000

1,250

20,616

18,802

(18,957)

(14,513)

Fair Values of Financial Assets and Financial liabilities
The following hierarchy classifies each class of financial asset or liability depending on the valuation technique applied in determining its 
fair value:

Level 1: The fair value is calculated based on quoted prices traded in active markets for identical assets of liabilities.

Level 2: The fair value is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either 
directly or indirectly. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell and asset or paid to transfer a liability 
in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Level 3:  The fair value is based on inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

In these financial statements, all of the above financial instruments are considered to be Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. There have 
been no transfers between categories in the current or preceding year. The fair value of financial instruments held at fair value have been 
determined based on available market information at the balance sheet date of 30 April 2020.

36. 

relATeD pArTY TrANSAcTIoNS

Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation 
and are not disclosed in this note. Transactions between the Group and its related parties are disclosed below.  

Director’s transactions

Other than those disclosed within this note and the shareholding transaction with directors noted in the Directors’ Report, there have been 
no other transactions with related parties. 

37. 

eVeNTS AFTer The BAlANce SheeT DATe

As a result of COVID-19, the Group’s US operations successfully secured £0.8m of Paycheck Protection Program Loans in the US.

Other than the renegotiation of the Group’s banking covenants as disclosed in note 2, there have been no further events after the reporting 
date that require disclosure in line with IAS10 events after the reporting period.

86

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Company statement of financial position

As at 30 April 2020

Non-current assets

Investment in subsidiaries

Amounts due from subsidiary company

Investment in money market account

current assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Net current assets

Non-current liabilities

Borrowings

Total liabilities

Net assets

equity

Share capital

Share premium account

Merger reserve

Accumulated losses

Total equity

Note

3

5

6

7

7

11

12

13

2020 
£’000

4,000

60,284

-

64,284

196

6,020

6,216

70,500

(342)

(3,500)

(3,842)

2,374

(1,400)

(1,400)

(5,242)

65,258

3,446

61,600

3,221

(3,009)

65,258

2019 
£’000

4,000

46,902

1,250

52,152

157

16,943

17,100

69,252

(349)

(3,000)

(3,349)

13,751

-

-

(3,349)

65,903

3,446

61,600

3,221

(2,364)

65,903

The loss for the year was £645k (2019: loss £679k). 

The financial statements of Kromek Group plc (registered number 08661469) were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised 
for issue on 6 October 2020. They were signed on its behalf by:

Dr Arnab Basu mBe
Chief Executive Officer 

87

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Company statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 30 April 2020

equity attributable to equity holders of the company

Share capital
£’000

Share 
premium
account
£’000

merger
reserve
£’000

Accumulated
 losses 
£’000

Total 
equity
              £’000

Balance at 1 may 2018

2,604

42,625

3,221

(1,685)

46,765

Loss for the year and total comprehensive losses for 
the year

Issue of share capital net of expenses

-

842

-

18,975

-

-

(679)

(679)

-

19,817

Balance at 30 April 2019

3,446

61,600

3,221

(2,364)

65,903

Loss for the year and total comprehensive loss for 
the year

Issue of share capital net of expenses

-

-

-

-

-

-

(645)

-

(645)

-

Balance at 30 April 2020

3,446

61,600

3,221

(3,009)

65,258

88

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Company statement of cash flows

For the year ended 30 April 2020

Note

10

Net cash used in operating activities

Investing activities

Investment receipts from money market account

Interest received

Net cash generated from investing activities

Financing activities

Borrowings received

Borrowings repaid

Net proceeds from issue of share capital

Loans made to Group companies

Net interest paid

Net cash from financing activities

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

2020 
£’000

(630)

1,250

11

1,261

2,100

(200)

-

(13,382)

(72)

(11,554)

(10,923)

16,943

2019 
£’000

(650)

-
-

-

-

-

19,817

(3,934)

(68)

15,815

15,165

1,778

cash and cash equivalents at end of year

6,020

16,943

89

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the Company financial statements

For the year ended 30 April 2020

1. 

SIGNIFIcANT AccouNTING polIcIeS

The separate financial statements of the Company are presented as required by the Companies Act 2006. As permitted by that Act, the 
separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) adopted by the 
European Union.

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the remeasurement of certain financial instruments 
to fair value. The principal accounting policies adopted are the same as those set out in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements 
except as noted below.

Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less, where appropriate, provisions for impairment.

The Company’s financial statements are included in the consolidated financial statements of Kromek Group plc. Accordingly, the Company 
has  taken  advantage  of  the  exemption  from  publishing  an  income  statement,  and  the  losses  for  the  Company  are  shown  within  the 
Company Statement of Financial Position.

2. 

AuDITor’S remuNerATIoN

The auditor’s remuneration for audit and other services is disclosed in note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

3. 

SuBSIDIArIeS

Details of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries as at 30 April 2020 are as follows:

Name

Kromek Limited (Direct)

Kromek Germany Limited 
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

Kromek, Inc. 
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

NOVA R&D, Inc. 
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

eV Products, Inc. 
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

Place of incorporation
(or registration) and operation

NETPark, Sedgefield, 
TS21 3FD, United Kingdom

NETPark, Sedgefield, 
TS21 3FD, United Kingdom

143 Zehner School Road,
Zelienople, PA 16063, 
United States of America

833 Marlborough Avenue, 
Riverside CA 92507, 
United States of America

143 Zehner School Road,
Zelienople, PA 16063, 
United States of America

Durham Scientific Crystals Limited
(Indirect through Kromek Limited)

NETPark, Sedgefield, 
TS21 3FD, United Kingdom

Class of 
shares 
held

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Proportion
of ownership 
interest %

100

100

100

100

100

100

Activity

Scientific research 
and development

Sales and marketing

Holding company

Scientific research 
and development

Scientific research 
and development

Dormant company

The Company owns 100% of the share capital in Kromek Limited. Kromek Limited owns 100% of the share capital in Kromek Inc. and 100% 
of the share capital in Kromek (Germany) Limited. Kromek Inc. owns 100% of the share capital in eV Products Inc. and NOVA R&D Inc.  

The investments in subsidiaries are all stated at cost.

At 1 May 2019 

At 30 April 2020

£,000

4,000

4,000

The  economic  impact  of  COVID-19  has  created  uncertainty  in  the  markets  in  which  the  Company’s  investments  operate,  which  is 
considered to be an indicator of impairment. Management have considered this, in conjunction with the full impairment review that has 
been  undertaken  on  the  Group’s  cash-generating  units  of  which  the  Company’s  investments  form  part.  The  results  of  this  review  are 
disclosed in note 14 within the consolidated financial statements, including a sensitivity analysis. In this review no impairment has been 
identified with regard to the Company’s investments in subsidiaries.

At 30 April 2020 the Company was owed £60,284k from its immediate subsidiary company, Kromek Limited. This has been classified as 
a receivable due in more than one year on the face of the balance sheet as this most accurately reflects the likely repayment timeframe 
of the balance outstanding. This assessment and amount is based on the future discounted cash flows of Kromek Limited. The loan is 
unsecured and interest free. At 30 April 2019 the balance was £46,092k.

Amounts owed by Group undertakings have been assessed in line with IFRS 9 and an assessment is made of the expected credit loss. 
No expected credit loss was identified based on the future cash inflows of receivables.

90

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the Company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

4. 

STAFF coSTS

The average monthly number of employees (excluding non-executive directors) was:

2020 
Number

2019 
Number

Research and development, production

Sales and marketing

Administration

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Pension scheme contributions

5. 

TrADe AND oTher receIVABleS

Prepayments

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings are unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.

6. 

TrADe AND oTher pAYABleS

Trade payables and accruals

Social security and other taxation

2

1

4

7

2020 
£’000

565

71

23

659

2020 
£’000

196

196

2020 
£’000

283

59

342

2

1

3

6

2019 
£’000

400

50

22

472

2019
£’000

157

157

2019 
£’000

326

23

349

Trade  payables  and  accruals  principally  comprise  amounts  outstanding  for  trade  purchases  and  ongoing  costs.  The  average  credit 
period taken for trade purchases is 30 days. For all suppliers no interest is charged on the trade payables. The Group has financial risk 
management policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid within the pre-agreed credit terms. The Directors consider that the 
carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their fair value.

91

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the Company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

7.        BorroWINGS

Details regarding the borrowings of the Company are disclosed in note 25 to the consolidated financial statements.

8. 

FINANcIAl ASSeTS

Intercompany balances
The carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value. There are no past due or impaired receivable balances.

cash and cash equivalents
These comprise cash held by the Company and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less. The carrying 
amount of these assets approximates their fair value.

9. 

FINANcIAl lIABIlITIeS

Trade and other payables
Trade payables principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. The average credit period taken for 
trade purchases is 30 days. The carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their fair value.

10.   NoTeS To The STATemeNT oF cASh FloWS

2020 
£’000

(645)

61

(584)

(39)

(7)

(630)

2020
£’000

3,446

-

3,446

2019 
£’000

(679)

68

(611)

(117)

78

(650)

2019 
£’000

2,604

842

3,446

Loss for the year

Adjustments for:

Finance costs

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital

Increase in receivables

(Decrease)/Increase in payables

Net cash used in operating activities

11. 

ShAre cApITAl

Allotted, called up and fully paid:

344,635,089 (2019: 260,435,618) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

12,000 (2019: 84,199,741) Ordinary shares issued at £0.01 each

Total 344,647,089 (2019: 344,635,089) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

92

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the Company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

12.      ShAre premIum AccouNT

Balance at 1 May 2019

Premium arising on issue of equity shares

Expenses arising on issue of equity shares

Balance at 30 April 2020

13.      AccumulATeD loSSeS

Balance at 1 May 2019

Net loss for the year

Balance at 30 April 2020

2020 
£’000

61,600

-

-

61,600

£’000

(2,364)

(645)

(3,009)

14.      FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS

The Company’s principal financial instruments are cash and trade receivables. 

The Company has exposure to the following risks from its operations:

capital risk 
The Company manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Company will be able to continue as going concerns while maximising the 
return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. 

The capital structure of the Company consists of equity attributable to equity holders of the Company, comprising issued capital, reserves 
and accumulated losses as disclosed in notes 27 to 30 to the consolidated financial statements. 

The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

Cash flow is controlled by ongoing justification, monitoring and reporting of capital investment expenditures and regular monitoring and 
reporting of operating costs. 

The Company considers that the current capital structure will provide sufficient flexibility to ensure that appropriate investment can be 
made, if required, to implement and achieve the longer-term growth strategy of the Company. 

market risk
The Company may be affected by general market trends, which are unrelated to the performance of the Company itself. The Company’s 
success  will  depend  on  market  acceptance  of  the  Company’s  products  and  there  can  be  no  guarantee  that  this  acceptance  will  be 
forthcoming. 

Market opportunities targeted by the Company may change and this could lead to an adverse effect upon its revenue and earnings.

Foreign currency risk 
The Company currently does not undertake transactions denominated in foreign currencies. 

93

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

Notes to the Company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

14.      FINANcIAl INSTrumeNTS (CONtINUED)

credit risk 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. The 
Company  has  adopted  a  policy  of  only  dealing  with  creditworthy  counterparties  and  obtaining  sufficient  collateral  where  appropriate, 
as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Company only transacts with entities that are rated the equivalent 
of  investment  grade  and  above.  This  information  is  supplied  by  independent  rating  agencies  where  available,  and  if  not  available,  the 
Company  uses  other  publicly  available  financial  information  and  its  own  trading  records  to  rate  its  major  customers.  The  Company’s 
exposure and the credit ratings of its counterparties are continuously monitored and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is 
spread amongst approved counterparties. Credit exposure is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by the risk 
management committee annually.

The Company’s management considers that all the above financial assets that are not impaired or past due for each of the reporting dates 
under review are of good quality.

liquidity risk
Ultimate  responsibility  for  liquidity  risk  management  rests  with  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  has  established  an  appropriate  liquidity 
risk management framework for the management of the Company’s short-, medium- and long-term funding and liquidity management 
requirements. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, by 
continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. 

The following table details the Company’s remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed repayment 
periods. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which 
the Group can be required to pay. The table includes both interest and principal cash flows. The contractual maturity is based on the 
earliest date on which the Group may be required to pay.

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest rate
%

3.1

3.1

Less than
 1 month
£’000

1-3 months
£’000

3 months 
to 1 year
£’000

1-5 years
£’000

5+ years
£’000

Total
£’000

-

-

-

-

3,000

-

3,500

1,400

-

-

3,000

4,900

revolving credit Facility 
at 30 April 2019

revolving credit Facility and 
capex Facility at 30 April 2020

Financial covenants

The total RCF the Company has with HSBC has three covenants:

•	 A	maximum	cap	on	the	net	debt	/	EBITDA	ratio.	This	is	tested	on	a	quarterly	basis	ending	31	January,	30	April,	31	July	and	31	October.	
Following the renegotiation of this covenant with HSBC, it will first be tested for the quarter ending 31 July 2021 having secured a 
covenant holiday in the quarters ending 31 October 2020, 31 January 2021 and 30 April 2021; 

•	 a	maximum	cap	on	the	EBIT	/	finance	charges	ratio.	This	is	tested	on	an	annual	basis	ending	30	April.	Following	the	renegotiation	of	
this covenant with HSBC, it will first be tested for the 12 months ending 30 April 2022 having secured a covenant holiday for the year 
ending 30 April 2021; and

•	 a	minimum	tangible	net	worth	of	the	Group’s	balance	sheet.	The	tangible	net	worth	is	defined	as	shareholders’	funds	less	intangible	
assets plus non-redeemable preference shares. This is tested on a quarterly basis on 31 October 2020, 31 January 2021 and 30 April 
2021. 

There is also a further covenant specifically relating to the working capital element of the RCF the Company has with HSBC as follows:

•	

the	 working	 capital	 element	 of	 the	 RCF	 is	 not	 to	 exceed	 a	 maximum	 cap	 of	 the	 combined	 total	 of	 Group	 inventories	 and	 trade	
receivables less than 90 days old. This is tested on a quarterly basis ending 31 January, 30 April, 31 July and 31 October.

94

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

KromeK Group plc

Notes to the Company financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 30 April 2020

15. 

ulTImATe coNTrollING pAreNT AND pArTY

In the opinion of the Directors, there is no ultimate controlling parent or party.

16. 

eVeNTS AFTer The BAlANce SheeT DATe

Other than the renegotiation of the Group’s banking covenants as disclosed in note 2, there have been no events after the reporting date 
that require disclosure in line with IAS10 events after the reporting period.

17. 

relATeD pArTY TrANSAcTIoNS

No dividends were paid in the period in respect of ordinary shares held by the Company’s Directors.

95

KromeK Group plc

Annual Report & Accounts 2020

96

Directors, Secretary and Advisers

DIRECTORS  

Dr A Basu  

Mr D Bulmer  

Sir P Williams

Mr L H N Kinet

Mr J H Whittingham  

Mr C Wilks 

COMPANY SECRETARY  

Mr D Bulmer 

REGISTERED OFFICE  

BANKERS  

HSBC Bank plc  

1 Saddler Street  

Durham  

DH1 3NR  

AUDITOR  

KPMG LLP  

Statutory Auditor

15 Canada Square

London

E14 5GL  

LEGAL ADVISER  

Eversheds Sutherland  

Bridgewater Place  

Water Lane  

Leeds  

LS11 5DR

NEtPark  

thomas Wright Way  

Sedgefield  

tS21 3FD

NOMINATED ADVISER AND 
BROKER 

Cenkos Securities plc

6.7.8. tokenhouse Yard

London 

EC2R 7AS    

REGISTRAR  

Link Asset Services

34 Beckenham Road

Beckenham

BR3 4tU  

PUBLIC RELATIONS ADVISER  

Luther Pendragon

48 Gracechurch Street

London 

EC3V 0EJ  

Kromek Group plc 

NEtPark,  thomas Wright Way,

Sedgefield,  County Durham,  tS21 3FD,  UK