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Learning Technologies Group plc

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FY2015 Annual Report · Learning Technologies Group plc
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Learning Technologies Group plc

ANNUAL 
REPORT 
2015 

For the year ended  31 December 2015 CONTENTS

4

9

Chairman’s Statement

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 
December 2015

17

Directors’ Report for the year ended 31 
December 2015

23

Corporate Governance Report

26

Report of the Audit Committee

28

Report of the Remuneration Committee

31

32

34

35

36

Directors’ Responsibilities Statement in 
respect of the Annual Report and the 
Financial Statements

Independent Auditor’s Report to the 
Members of Learning Technologies 
Group plc

Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of  
Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Changes  
in Equity

37

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

39

87

88

90

Notes to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements for the year ended 31 
December 2015

Company Statement of Financial 
Position

Company Statement of Changes  
in Equity

Notes to the Company Financial 
Statements for the year ended 31 
December 2015

99

Company information

4  

 plc Annual Report 2015

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT
I am pleased to report a successful year in the development of Learning Technologies Group plc (“LTG”) as a 
market-leader in the fast growing learning technologies sector.

We made a number of important strategic acquisitions and investments to 
build our end-to-end offer, whilst also driving good organic growth through our 
enhanced capabilities.  As a result, the Group delivered strong growth in revenue, 
operating profit and earnings for the financial year ended 31 December 2015.  

Market opportunity

Strategic progress

In an increasingly fast moving global service-based 
economy, organisations are becoming more 
aware of the significant impact that incremental 
improvements in staff performance can have on 
their businesses, particularly in efficiency, customer 
service and profitability. 

The global corporate training market, of which 
LTG is focused on the digital learning segment, is 
estimated to be worth £140 billion in 2016 with a 
five year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 
23%. Organisations are now looking to measure 
more precisely which learning interventions are 
most effective, using adaptive models which draw 
data from multiple sources to establish returns on 
e-learning investment.  The e-learning industry 
is highly fragmented, comprising a multitude of 
small operators with each offering a limited range 
of services.  There are few providers that are able 
to offer clients a truly comprehensive solution, 
which meets their evolving requirements for data 
driven solutions, and have the scale and in-depth 
experience to service large corporations and 
government organisations.  We believe LTG is the only 
player to provide such a broad service offering.

The market opportunity for LTG is to build the leading 
end-to-end workplace e-learning solution, which 
partners its global clients through the creation, 
implementation and maintenance of their integrated 
e-learning strategies. 

In 2015, we built on the foundations laid in 2014 
with the acquisitions of LINE and Preloaded.  In 
July, the Group acquired Eukleia Training Limited 
(“Eukleia”), a provider of e-learning services to the 
financial services sector.  This acquisition marked 
LTG’s first move into a vertical sector specialism, 
which complements the Group’s existing expertise in 
e-learning strategy and implementation.

After the year end, we announced on 29 January 
2016 that LTG had acquired the entire issued 
share capital of Rustici Software LLC (‘Rustici’), the 
expert in digital learning interoperability.  Rustici 
is the acknowledged global leader in SCORM 
conformance (the de facto industry standard for 
e-learning interoperability), which enables online 
learning content and management systems to 
communicate and work together.

At the same time, we acquired a 27.3% stake in 
Watershed Systems Inc (‘Watershed’).  Watershed 
has developed a SaaS-based learning analytics 
capability, which evaluates the impact and 
effectiveness of learning programmes, which is 
a significant advance for the e-learning industry. 
The acquisition of Rustici and our investment in 
Watershed have substantially enhanced the Group’s 
ability to capture rich data about the learner and 
analyse and assess the impact of e-learning on 
organisational performance.

 plc Annual Report 2015  5

We are beginning to see the benefits of our blended 
service strategy, through increasing take-up by our 
customers.  Our consultative and comprehensive 
approach is driving organic growth and, with the 
integration of our businesses and implementation 
of best practice, we realised impressive increases in 
profits and margins in 2015.

The success of our strategy was best exemplified by 
the landmark deal announced in December 2015, 
to design and develop a new learning architecture 
and to create and deliver blended courses that 
incorporate a combination of digital, informal 
and classroom components for the entire UK Civil 
Service, alongside our strategic partner KPMG UK 
LLP.  Civil Service Learning (‘CSL’) delivers learning 
to more than 400,000 civil servants for whom we 
are designing and developing blended learning 
across 15 curriculum areas, from leadership and 
management, diversity, EU practices, through to 
project management and digital delivery.  This 
demonstrates the credibility and scale of LTG’s 
offering and capabilities.

Dividend and Annual General Meeting

In light of the results for 2015 and to demonstrate 
our confidence in the prospects for the Group in 
2016, the Board is recommending an increased final 
dividend of 0.10p per share (2014: 0.07p per share), 
giving a total dividend for the year of 0.15p per share 
(2014: 0.10p per share).  This final dividend is subject 
to shareholder approval at the forthcoming Annual 
General Meeting to be held on 19 May 2016. 

Board changes

I am delighted to announce that Peter Gordon will 
join the Board as a Non-executive Director with effect 
from 1 April 2016.  Peter brings with him 20 years of 
venture and private capital expertise at 3i Group 
plc and over the past year has assisted LTG in the 
successful acquisitions of Eukleia and Rustici.

Current trading and outlook

The Group has enjoyed a strong start to 2016 and is 
trading in line with management’s expectations.  We 
expect the current financial year to benefit from a 
healthy order book, increased sales resulting from 
our compelling blended learning capability and 
continuing strong margins. The acquisition of Rustici 
and the investment in Watershed firmly places LTG at 
the heart of a rapidly evolving e-learning industry.

The CSL contract will require a significant “up-front” 
cash investment in 2016. The financial returns on 
this investment are expected to begin accruing in 
the second half of the current financial year with 
substantial returns expected in 2017 and 2018.

The Board is therefore confident in the Group’s 
prospects and expects to report further progress 
during 2016.

If approved, the final dividend will be paid on 4 July 
2016 to all shareholders on the register at 10 June 
2016.

Andrew Brode

Chairman

People

The Group has enjoyed a transformational year 
in which we have seen margins improve and the 
benefits of our blended offering begin to have a 
marked effect.  This could not have been achieved 
without the skill, passion and hard work of all of our 
staff.  On behalf of the Board, I would like to thank 
them for their efforts during the year.

6  

 plc Annual Report 2015

MOVING LEARNING TO THE HEART OF BUSINESS STRATEGY
a comprehensive e-learning solution

learning
technologies
group

MOVING LEARNING TO THE HEART OF BUSINESS STRATEGY

a comprehensive e-learning solution

 plc Annual Report 2015  7

Blended learning advisory

Strategic

Operational

Defining success

Personalisation

Subject matter expertise

C o n sultancy

Content
Bespoke

Generic

Video
Games with purpose
Virtual Reality (VR)
Augmented Reality (AR)
Face to face

Feedback

Learner

Company

Corporate initiatives

n
tio
c
A

C

r

e

a

t

i

o
n

A

n

alysis

e liv ery

D

Learner data

Analytics

Measurement

Platforms
PCs

Smartphones

Tablets

Portals
Localisation
Helpdesk

8  

 plc Annual Report 2015

STRATEGIC  
REPORT 

 plc Annual Report 2015  9

STRATEGIC REPORT 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Financial results 

During 2014, LTG made its first two acquisitions, 
LINE Communications Holdings Limited (‘LINE’) and 
Preloaded Limited (‘Preloaded’).  On 31 July 2015, LTG 
acquired Eukleia Training Limited (‘Eukleia’).  

In the year ended 31 December 2015, the Group 
generated revenue of £19.9 million (2014: £14.9 
million), a 33% increase.

Adjusted EBITDA increased by 107% to £4.3 
million (2014: £2.1 million).  To provide a better 
understanding of the underlying business 
performance, adjusted EBITDA excludes the 
amortisation of acquisition-related intangible assets, 
the amortisation of internal capitalised development 
costs, depreciation, share based payment charges 
and other exceptional items.  

£4.3m

£2.1m

£1.5m

2013

2014

2015

Significant increase in EBITDA 
margin to 21% (2014: 14%) 

Unadjusted 
operating profit 
increased by 441% 
to £1.8 million (2014: 
£0.3 million).

The implementation 
of operational best 
practice across 
the Group, a 
restructuring of the 
delivery teams in the 

second half of 2015 and increased economies of 
scale contributed towards a significant improvement 
in adjusted EBITDA margins in the year to 21% (2014: 
14%).  

On a like-for-like basis, as if the businesses that LTG 
owned at the end of 2015 had been owned at the 
end of 2014, the order book is broadly in line with the 
prior year. The order book is defined as the value of 
contracts won but not yet delivered.  The Civil Service 
Learning (CSL) multi-year contract win should add 
substantially to the order book during 2016 and we 
will update the market on this in due course.

The amortisation charge for acquisition-related 

intangible assets was £1.2 million (2014: £0.6 million) 
and is discussed further in Note 11. The amortisation 
charge for internally generated development costs 
was £0.2 million (2014: £0.1 million) and relates to 
the development of ‘gomo’, the Group’s award-
winning multi-device authoring tool, various software 
tools used within the Eukleia business and an 
internally generated library of governance, risk and 
compliance (‘GRC’) materials used to service clients. 
The share-based payment charge increased from 
£0.6 million in 2014 to £0.8 million in 2015. Further 
details are provided in Note 22.

Integration costs of £0.1 million (2014: £0.3 million) 
relate to restructuring costs following the acquisition 
of Eukleia in July 2015. 

Profit before tax was £1.5 million (2014: loss of £0.1 
million) and adjusted profit before tax (see Note 9) 
increased by 113% to £3.8 million in 2015 (2014: £1.8 
million). Costs of acquisitions in 2015 were £0.2 million 
(2014: £0.3 million) and finance charges related 
to contingent consideration of the acquisitions of 
Preloaded and Eukleia, were £0.2 million (2014: £0.2 
million).

The income tax expense of £0.1 million in 2015 (2014: 
£35,000) is stated after adjusting for the effect of 
the release of deferred tax on the amortisation of 
acquired intangibles and a deferred tax asset related 
to the anticipated vesting of share options. Further 
details are provided in Note 8.

On a statutory basis, basic earnings per share 
(‘EPS’) increased to 0.382 pence (2014: loss of 0.049 
pence). Based on the average number of shares 
in issue and adjusted operating profit during the 
year, adjusted basic EPS increased by 106% to 
0.809 pence (2014: 0.393 pence). Further details are 
provided in Note 9.

On 31 July 2015 the Group acquired 100% of the 
issued share capital of Eukleia, a specialist provider 
of governance, risk and compliance services to 
the financial services sector. Initial consideration 

10  

 plc Annual Report 2015

STRATEGIC REPORT (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

comprised £6.8 million cash and £1.5 million in LTG 
equity.  A capped earn-out of up to £3.5 million 
over 2 years is subject to demanding revenue 
growth targets.  Goodwill on acquisition has been 
calculated at £4.6 million with acquisition-related 
intangible assets of £4.7 million represented mainly 
by customer relationships.  Eukleia contributed £2.5 
million revenue and £0.4 million profit before tax to 
the Group in the final five months of 2015.  Further 
details of the acquisition are provided in Note 29. 

EPS up

102%

Adjusted diluted EPS increases 
to 0.756p (2014: 0.375p)

LTG partly funded its 
acquisition of Eukleia 
through the placing 
of 35,714,286 shares 
at 21 pence per 
share, raising £7.5 
million. 

Subsequent to the 
financial year end, 
on 29 January 

2016, LTG acquired Rustici, the global market leader 
in digital learning interoperability, for an initial 
consideration of USD 26.0 million of which USD 20.0 
million was paid in cash and USD 6.0 million in newly 
issued LTG shares at 29.19 pence per share.  Further 
performance based payments, capped at USD 11.0 
million, are payable based on ambitious revenue 
growth targets over the next 3 years.  80% of Rustici’s 
current revenues are from recurring subscription fees.  
LTG also acquired a 27.3% investment in Watershed, 
the developer of the next generation learning 
analytics platform, for USD 3.0 million.  Further details 
are provided in Note 30.

The Group has a strong balance sheet with 
shareholders’ equity at 31 December 2015 of £25.5 
million, equivalent to 6.3 pence per share (2014: 
shareholders’ equity of £14.4 million, equivalent to 
4.1 pence per share). The gross cash position at 31 
December 2015 was £7.3 million (2014: £4.4 million).  
The Group had no debt at 31 December 2015.

As a result of strong cash conversion, net cash 
generated from operating activities was £4.0 
million (2014: £0.9 million) and the operating cash 
conversion rate (the percentage by which cash 

generated from operations covers adjusted EBITDA) 
was 105%.  Corporation tax payments were £0.5 
million (2014: £32,000).  Cash outflows from investing 
activities were £6.2 million (2014: £4.9 million) and 
included £1.9 million in contingent consideration 
payments to Preloaded vendors following the strong 
performance of the company in 2014.  Cash inflows 
from financing activities were £5.1 million (2014: £7.2 
million) and are stated after dividend payments 
which increased to £0.4 million following a maiden 
dividend payment of £0.1 million in 2014.  Debtor 
days were 64 days (2014: 49 days), reflecting the 
extended payment terms agreed with some clients 
but combined debtor and WIP days were 34 days 
(2014: 34 days), following the implementation of 
accelerated invoicing.

Dividend up 

50%

On 3 March 2015 the 
Group incorporated 
Learning 
Technologies 
Group (Trustee) 
Limited, a wholly 
owned subsidiary 
of Learning 
Technologies Group 
plc. The purpose 
of the company is to act as an Employee Benefit 
Trust (‘EBT’) for the benefit of current and previous 
employees of the Group.  At 31 December 2015 
the EBT holds 404,340 ordinary shares in LTG.  These 
shares are held in treasury.  

Proposed full year dividend 
increased to 0.15p (2014: 0.10p)

Our strategy

LTG’s aim is to create a group of market-leading 
businesses providing complementary services in 
the fast growing learning technologies sector to 
form an international business of size and scale that 
is able to meet the demanding expectations of 
corporate and government customers.  This strategy 
is being delivered through a mixture of ‘best in class’ 
acquisitions that will help us create a comprehensive 
e-learning solution for our customers, as well as 
through targeted investment in internally generated 
intellectual property and the extension of best 
working practices to deliver strong organic growth.

 plc Annual Report 2015  11

We continue to pursue our strategy of helping 
organisations adopt learning at a strategic level. 
‘Moving learning to the heart of business strategy’ is 
achieved through our end-to-end service offering 
which enables us to partner with global clients 
throughout the creation, implementation and 
maintenance of their learning strategies. We deliver 
transformational results through learning innovation 
and the effective use of learning.  However the 
vital piece that has been missing is the ability to 
accurately measure and assess the impact of 
learning on the performance of an organisation’s 
people.

This is similar to the challenge faced by the 
marketing profession a decade ago, when they 
began the measurement revolution which has 
allowed marketeers to track individual responses to 
campaigns through to eventual sale.  We believe the 
learning industry is at the same tipping point; finally 
we are in the position where enough sufficiently 
rich data about the learner can be captured 
and assimilated to analyse and quantify the 
organisational impact.  

Our capabilities

LTG offers a wide range of learning solution 
capabilities which enables us to offer a 
comprehensive service to our customers.  These 
capabilities range from industry-leading strategic 
consultants, through implementation advisory 
services, bespoke e-learning content, Learning 
Management Systems platform implementation and 
management, to learning game design and cloud-
based authoring products.  

LEO is the Group’s main operating business which 
brings together these capabilities.  During 2015, 
the business restructured its operations to focus on 
account management, bringing the most effective 
solutions to its customers.  Although LEO had some 
tough comparatives from 2014 to beat, it delivered 
impressive margin improvements in the year.  

The Group’s increased breadth of offering enabled 
LEO to provide more comprehensive solutions to 
its customers and to help position the Group as a 
strategic partner to its clients, helping them realise 
their strategic ambitions from base principles all 
the way through to compelling blended learning 
solutions.  The CSL contract win in December 2015 

highlighted LEO’s thought leadership and wholly 
scalable e-learning solutions for large corporates 
and government. 

‘Gamification’ or more particularly games with 
purpose, is one of many exciting developments 
in the e-learning industry.  LTG is at the forefront of 
this development through its BAFTA award-winning 
business, Preloaded.

Preloaded had an exceptional year delivering 
learning game solutions to the British Museum and 
MyCognition.  In October 2015, Preloaded finished 
the development of a learning application for 
McDonalds.  This game was successfully launched 
in 42 countries across Europe and has achieved 
phenomenal take-up and retention rates.  We are 
continuing to build on this work in 2016.  Preloaded 
has seen early success in 2016 in diversifying its client 
base and leveraging the wider LTG network.      

LTG’s cloud-based multi device authoring tool, 
gomo, made good progress in 2015, following 
the launch of gomo 3.0 in March.  gomo won the 
prestigious 2015 Brandon Hall Gold Award for the Best 
Advance in Content Authoring Technology.  The SaaS 
tool enables a variety of users, from single authors 
to large multi-national enterprise solution clients, 
to collaborate and publish rich and compelling 
learning content to a variety of platforms (including 
PCs, tablets and smartphones) in real-time.  Clients 
include Nike, United Healthcare and J.P.Morgan and 
we are seeing strong retention rates as clients renew 
their annual licences.

Alongside expanding LTG’s functional capabilities, 
which are applied across a wide variety of markets, 
LTG is also looking to invest in specific sector 
specialisms, particularly in more regulated markets 
such as pharmaceuticals, healthcare and resources.

The acquisition of Eukleia in July 2015 was the 
Group’s first move into subject-matter specialism – 
Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC). Eukleia 
is an industry leader in the GRC space specialising 
in the financial services sector. The integration of 
Eukleia is already complete and the business is 
operating to plan.

The acquisition of Rustici and investment in 
Watershed post year end in January 2016 has moved 
LTG to the heart of the e-learning industry.  Rustici is 
the acknowledged global leader in SCORM, the de 

12  

 plc Annual Report 2015

STRATEGIC REPORT (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

facto industry standard for e-learning interoperability, 
enabling online learning content and learning 
management systems to communicate and work 
together. As the global market leader, Rustici was 
asked by Advanced Distributed Learning, a US 
government body, to lead the industry in creating the 
next generation of learning interoperability standards.  
It created a global standard to capture rich data on 
every aspect of learning experiences - xAPI.  

Watershed focuses on developing learning analytics 
that provide actionable insights to customers who 
want to adapt their learning strategy, creating 
more effective learning experiences and ultimately 
generating verifiable business results.  We view the 
ability to measure the impact of learning as the next 
major disruption in the learning profession and LTG is 
placed in the vanguard of this crucial change.

LTG is also looking to develop its capabilities, in 
particular through the ability to further personalise the 
learning experience, through more social learning 
environments and technology advances such as 
augmented reality.

Our market sectors

Through its established operating companies LTG has 
extensive experience in a variety of market sectors. 

These include the Defence sector where during 2015, 
LEO continue its support of the Defence Learning 
Environment, Virtual Task Trainer and redesigned and 
delivered a Chief Petty Officer training programme.

In the Automotive sector, LEO has produced mobile 
delivered sales enablement tools to teach staff and 
support customers on the new Jaguar Land Rover 
range, and create product launch training for Volvo.

LEO’s expertise across government is extensive.  
In addition to the transformational contract that 
was won with CSL in December 2015, building on 
long-standing relationships going back to 2011, 
LEO has undertaken projects for the Department 
for Education, National Health Service, and the 
Department for Work & Pensions.

LEO has a growing presence in the FMCG and luxury 
goods markets with Mars, Anheuser-Busch, L’Oreal 
and IwC amongst LEO’s clients.  In addition the 
infrastructure and transport industry sector business 
remains buoyant with HS2, Brambles and British 
Airways leveraging LEO’s extensive expertise.

The Group has strengthened its presence in the 
financial services sector through the acquisition 
of Eukleia.  Alongside Eukleia’s specialist bespoke 
content services, the company offers blended 
learning solutions such as generic content and 
instructor-led training given by industry-leading 
experts.  Clients include HSBC, Barclays and 
Deutsche Bank.  The company is looking to extend its 
compliance offering into other industry sectors and 
in the past few months has won contracts with clients 
such as Novartis and Brambles to deliver anti-bribery 
and code of conduct training. 

LTG is seeking opportunities to strengthen its position 
in other market sectors, including retail, media and 
pharmaceuticals.

Our international 
reach

£19.9m

£7.6m

£14.9m

With offices in 
London, Brighton and 
Sheffield, LTG is the 
leading e-learning 
business in the UK 
and through its office 
in Zurich LTG is able 
to service clients 
throughout Europe.
LEO has also set up operations in North and South 
America.

Revenues increased by 33%  
in 2015

2014

2015

2013

LEO Learning Inc was established in New York in 2012.  
After a successful 2014, the company had a slow 
start to 2015.  Following the appointment of a new 
Senior Vice President in March 2015, the company 
has seen impressive growth with new clients such as 
Amazon, SAP and Anheuser-Busch.  In November, 
the company opened an office in Bloomington, 
Indiana to provide a new production facility, and with 

 plc Annual Report 2015  13

the acquisition of Rustici in Nashville, Tennessee, the 
Group is further cementing its position in the world’s 
largest e-learning market – the US.  

In 2011, LEO established a joint venture in Brazil, LEO 
Brazil.  The JV has had success in winning projects 
with Brazilian firms such as Instituto Unibanco and 
Unicarioca, as well as the local operations of a 
number of multi-nationals including TIM, Shell and 
Coca-Cola.  Headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, the 
company had a particularly strong sales year, and 
our production investment programme in the first 
half of the year had a marked impact on improving 
margins in the second half of the year.  The 
company continues to invest in sales and marketing 
in order to grow the top line and opened a second 
sales office in Sao Paulo.  

Over the medium term, LTG is focused on 
strengthening its presence in the US and European 
markets and on leveraging its industry-leading 
capabilities for the benefit of its global clients.

Key Performance Indicators

The Key Performance Indicators (‘KPIs’) are sales, profit 
and cash flow. The sales of the business are tracked 
through the Order Book (unworked contracted sales). 
Profitability of the business, with its relatively low 
fixed-cost base, is managed primarily via the review 
of revenue with secondary measures of consultant 
utilisation and monthly project margin reviews. 
Working capital is reviewed by measures of debtor 
days and combined debtor and WIP days. 

Principal risks and uncertainties

In addition to the financial risks discussed in Note 
27, the Directors consider that the principal risks and 
uncertainties facing the Group and a summary of 
the key measures taken to mitigate those risks are as 
follows:

Potential downturn in the market for outsourced 
e-learning services

LTG is dependent on the market for outsourced 
e-learning services. An economic downturn or 
instability may cause customers to delay or cancel 
e-learning development projects and/or related 
services, or to use internal resources to achieve their 
business goals.

The Group seeks to mitigate this risk by diversifying 
exposure across geographical markets, increasing 
the number of market sectors in which the Group 
operates, diversifying the type of customers with 
whom the Group operates, increasing the range 
of service offerings that the Group provides and 
marketing activities to inform current and prospective 
customers about the benefits of outsourced 
e-learning services and LTG’s proven ability to fulfil 
those objectives.

Attracting and retaining talented staff

LTG is a market leader and we will ensure that 
all our operating companies are regarded as 
excellent employers within the e-learning industry. 
We benchmark ourselves against our peers regularly 
and are satisfied we offer competitive salaries and 
outstanding personal development opportunities 
that are further enhanced by LTG’s ambitious growth 
plans. We have been successful in recruiting and 
retaining high calibre staff. However we recognise we 
must continue our focus as competition for talented 
people intensifies within the learning technologies 
sector.

Project overruns

Projects may overrun and/or may fail to meet 
specified milestones. The majority of LTG’s projects 
are contracted on a fixed price basis. Project 
overruns can lead to loss of margin on projects and 
overall profitability for the Group.

The Group seeks to mitigate this risk by operating a 
formal bid review process, incorporating appropriate 
risk premiums into agreements if appropriate, 
conducting regular project reviews to assess whether 
the revenue recognised on work-in-progress is a 
fair representation of actual costs incurred and 
estimated costs to completion, and management 
meetings with clients to review progress on projects.

Reputational risk

Failings in service provision are almost certainly 
going to be caused by human error. LTG has refined 
its ISO 9001 management processes over the last 
two decades and constantly reviews and updates 
them based on ‘lessons learned’. Furthermore, all 
projects are reviewed regularly for performance 
against customer expectation, delivery milestones 
and forecast margins. Extensive work is undertaken in 

14  

 plc Annual Report 2015

STRATEGIC REPORT (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

reviewing customer feedback and any complaints 
are reported to the Board.

Integrating acquisitions

LTG aims to grow its businesses organically 
but also consolidate the sector by selective 
acquisitions of high quality companies. The 
challenge is to integrate them into the Group, 
which may require merging them with existing 
operations, without losing key staff or customers. 
LTG seeks to structure purchase terms to incentivise 
and retain key staff and ensure that customers 
receive the ‘first-class customer experience’ that is 
already a fundamental aspect of LTG’s success.  

In addition to the principal risks and uncertainties 
above, the Group faces other risks that include but 
are not limited to:

• Increased competition

• Failure to retain customer contracts

• Customer concentration

• Technology leadership

• Counterparty risk

Corporate responsibility

LTG takes its responsibilities as a corporate citizen 
seriously. The Board’s primary goal is to create 
shareholder value but in a responsible way which 
serves all stakeholders. Furthermore, LTG seeks to 
continually enhance and extend its contribution 
to society through the work the Group undertakes 
with its clients and in areas where the Group 
decides to invest and explore directly.

Governance

The Board considers sound governance as 
a critical component of LTG’s success and 
the highest priority. LTG has an effective and 
engaged Board, with a strong non-executive 
presence from diverse backgrounds, and well-
functioning governance committees. Through 

the Group’s compensation policies and variable 
components of employee remuneration, the 
Remuneration Committee of the Board seeks to 
ensure that the company’s values are reinforced 
in employee behaviour and that effective risk 
management is promoted. 

More information on our corporate governance 
can be found on page 23.

Employees and their development

LTG is dependent upon the qualities and skills 
of its employees, and the commitment of its 
people plays a major role in the Group’s business 
success. The Group invests in training and 
developing its staff through internally arranged 
knowledge sharing events and through external 
courses. 

Employees’ performance is aligned to the 
Group’s goals through an annual performance 
review process and via LTG’s incentive 
programmes. LTG provides employees with 
information about its activities through regular 
briefings and other media. LTG operates a 
number of bonus and sales commission 
schemes, share option schemes and a 
Sharesave scheme operated at the discretion of 
the Remuneration Committee. 

Diversity and inclusion

LTG’s employment policies are non-
discriminatory on the grounds of age, 
gender, nationality, ethnic or racial origin, 
non-job-related-disability, sexual orientation 
or marital status. LTG gives due consideration 
to all applications and provides training and 
the opportunity for career development 
wherever possible. The Board does not support 
discrimination of any form, positive or negative, 
and all appointments are based solely on merit.

 plc Annual Report 2015  15

Health and Safety 

Environment

LTG’s policy with regard to the environment is to 
ensure that we understand and effectively manage 
the actual and potential environmental impact of 
our activities. The Group’s operations are conducted 
such that compliance is maintained with legal 
requirements relating to the environment in areas 
where the Group conducts its business. During the 
period covered by this report LTG has not incurred 
any fines or penalties or been investigated for any 
breach of environmental regulations.

Jonathan Satchell

Chief Executive Officer

LTG endeavours to ensure that the working 
environment is safe and conducive to healthy, safe 
and content employees who are able to balance 
work and family commitments. The Group has a 
Health and Safety at Work policy which is reviewed 
regularly by the Board. The Board Executive Director 
responsible for health and safety is the COO. The 
Group is committed to the health and safety of its 
employees, clients, sub-contractors and others who 
may be affected by the Group’s work activities. The 
Group evaluates the risks to health and safety in the 
business and manages this through a Health and 
Safety Management System. The Group provides 
necessary information, instruction, training and 
supervision to ensure that employees are able to 
discharge their duties effectively. The Health and 
Safety Management System used by the Group 
ensures compliance with all applicable legal and 
regulatory requirements and internal standards and 
seeks by continuous improvement to develop health 
and safety performance. 

Community activities

LTG operates a Corporate Social Responsibility 
agenda that encourages employees to be involved 
in their local communities. In 2015 the Group 
supported charitable activities by staff which raised a 
total of £5,000 (2014: £5,000) and made charitable 
contributions totalling £29,000 during the year (2014: 
£14,000).

The Group has, with other leading companies in the 
industry, set up an industry-wide charity foundation, 
Learn Appeal (www.learnappeal.com) and is an 
active contributor to its activities.  Learn Appeal has 
developed the ‘Learn Appeal Capsule’, a standalone 
unit that includes a Raspberry Pi2 computer and SD 
card.  With a content library, LMS and Wi-Fi with up to 
1km range, the device can be used in remote areas 
without internet connectivity to allow up to 250 users 
to simultaneously access learning materials.

16  

 plc Annual Report 2015

DIRECTORS’  
REPORT 

 plc Annual Report 2015  17

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

The Directors present their report on the Group, together with the audited 
Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2015.

Principal activities

Business review and future developments 

The principal activity of the Group is the provision 
of e-learning services. The principal activity of the 
Company is that of a parent holding company 
which manages the Group’s strategic direction and 
underlying subsidiaries.

Details of the business activities and acquisitions 
made during the year can be found in the Strategic 
Report on pages 9 to 15 and in Note 29 to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements respectively.

Cautionary statement

The review of the business and its future development 
in the Strategic Report has been prepared solely to 
provide additional information to shareholders to 
assess the Group’s strategies and the potential for 
these strategies to succeed. It should not be relied 
on by any other party for any other purpose. The 
review contains forward-looking statements which 
are made by the Directors in good faith based on 
information available to them up to the time of the 
approval of the reports and should be treated with 
caution due to the inherent uncertainties associated 
with such statements.

Results and dividends

The results of the Group are set out in detail on  
page 34.

At the time of LTG’s admission to AIM in November 
2013, the Board stated that they would pursue a 
progressive dividend policy. On 30 October 2015, the 
Company paid an interim dividend of 0.05 pence 
per share (2014: 0.03 pence per share). The Directors 
propose to pay a final dividend of 0.10 pence 
per share for the year ended 31 December 2015, 
equating to a total payout in respect of the year of 
0.15 pence per share (2014: 0.10 pence per share).

Subject to shareholder approval at the Annual 
General Meeting, the final dividend will be paid on 
4 July 2016 to all shareholders on the register at 10 
June 2016.

Political donations

The Group made no political donations during the 
year (2014: nil).

Financial instruments and risk management

Disclosures regarding financial instruments are 
provided within the Strategic Report and Note 27 to 
the Financial Statements.

Capital Structure

Details of the Company’s share capital, together with 
details of the movements therein are set out in Note 
21 to the Financial Statements. The Company has 
one class of ordinary share which carries no right to 
fixed income. 

Research and development

The main area of research and development has 
been the continued work on the gomo multi-device 
authoring tool as covered in the Strategic Report on 
pages 9 to 15.

Post balance sheet events

Details of post balance sheet events can be found in 
Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

18  

 plc Annual Report 2015

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Directors

The Directors of the Company who served during the year were:

Director

Andrew Brode †

Harry Hill †

Non-executive 
Chairman

Non-executive Deputy 
Chairman

22/05/2014

22/05/2014

Leslie-Ann Reed

Non-executive Director

21/05/2015

Jonathan Satchell

Chief Executive Officer

21/05/2015

Neil Elton

Piers Lea

Group Finance Director

21/05/2015

Chief Strategy Officer

21/05/2015

Dale Solomon

Chief Operating Officer

21/05/2015

Board Committee abbreviations are as follows:  
A = Audit Committee; R = Remuneration Committee

† 

Retires by rotation and will offer himself for  
re-election at next AGM

Role at 31 
December 2015

Date of  
(re-) appointment

Retired

Board Committee

R

R

A

A

Board of Directors

 plc Annual Report 2015  19

Andrew Brode
Non-executive Chairman

Andrew Brode is a Chartered Accountant and was a former 
chief executive of Wolters Kluwer (UK) plc from 1978 to 1990. 
In 1990, he led the management buy-out of the Eclipse 
Group, which was sold to Reed Elsevier in 2000. In 1995, he 
led the management buy-in, and is Executive Chairman 
of RWS Group plc, Europe’s largest technical translations 
group, listed in the Top 30 of AIM companies. 

He is also Non-Executive Director of AIM quoted Electric 
Word plc and a number of private equity-financed media 
companies. He acquired Epic Group Limited (‘Epic’) 
together with Jonathan Satchell (Chief Executive) in 2008.

Andrew Brode is the Chair of the Remuneration Committee 
and a member of the Audit Committee of LTG.

Harry Hill
Non-executive Deputy Chairman

Harry Hill was Chief Executive Officer of Countrywide plc for 20 
years until 2008. During his tenure at Countrywide, it founded and 
subsequently sold Chesnara plc and Rightmove plc. He was also 
responsible for forming Countrywide Property Lawyers, which was 
established to take advantage of conveyancing referrals from 
within the estate agency chain. His current directorships include 
Landwood Property Group and Hunters and Clarke Hillyer. He is 
also a trustee of Launch 22, a Shoreditch-based charity seeking 
to help young entrepreneurs.

Harry Hill is on the Remuneration Committee of LTG.

Jonathan Satchell
Chief Executive Officer

Jonathan Satchell is responsible for the overall strategic development of LTG 
with a particular focus on innovation and international opportunities. He has a 
strong sales and entrepreneurial background, having started his first business 
in 1992 selling subscriptions for Accountancy TV, a joint venture of the Institute 
of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales and the BBC which created 
continued professional development content for training programmes. He has 
been involved in the education and training industry ever since, acquiring EBC 
in 1997, which he helped to transform from a provider of training videos to a 
bespoke e-learning company. The company was sold to Futuremedia in 2006.

He became interim Managing Director of Epic in 2007 and the following year 
he purchased the Company with Andrew Brode. Jonathan Satchell oversaw 
the transformation of Epic from a custom content e-learning company to an 
international and growing learning technologies agency. 

20  

 plc Annual Report 2015

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Leslie-Ann Reed
Non-executive Director

Neil Elton
Group Finance Director

Leslie-Ann Reed was appointed Chief Financial Officer of Go 
Industry Dovebid plc in 2010 until July 2012 when the business 
was sold to Liquidity Services Inc. Prior to this, she served as 
Chief Financial Officer of Metal Bulletin plc and as an adviser 
to Marwyn Investment Management. She has extensive 
international experience in the media industry having served 
as Chief Financial Officer of PolyGram Film Operations and 
also worked at Warner Communications and EMI. She qualified 
as a Chartered Accountant with Cocke, Vellacot & Hill before 
moving to Arthur Andersen to continue to develop her financial 
management expertise.

Leslie-Ann Reed is the Chair of the Audit Committee of LTG.

Neil Elton is a Chartered Accountant and was appointed 
as Group Finance Director of LTG in 2014. An experienced 
listed company Finance Director, he has worked with and 
successfully built a number of fast-growing companies. 
He joined from Sagentia Group plc, a Cambridge-based 
technology research and development company, where 
he was Group Finance Director from 2010 to 2014. Between 
2007 and 2010, he was Finance Director at Concateno plc, 
Europe’s largest tester of drugs of abuse. Prior to Concateno 
he was Finance Director at Mecom Group plc, an acquisitive 
AIM listed European media group. During the earlier part of 
his career Neil Elton worked at Trinity Mirror plc and trained at 
Arthur Andersen and Deloitte & Touche.

Piers Lea
Chief Strategy Officer

Dale Solomon
Chief Operating Officer

Piers Lea founded LINE Communications Holdings Limited in 1989, 
which was acquired by LTG in April 2014. He has over 30 years’ 
experience in distance learning and communications and is 
widely considered a thought leader in the field of e-learning. Piers 
Lea continues to aid clients in achieving results through the use of 
learning technologies.

Dale Solomon was appointed Commercial Director of Epic in 
2010. Prior to this, he spent 12 years as a learning consultant 
working with global organisations to help them achieve 
measurable return on investment. Dale Solomon was instrumental 
in the successful opening of the company’s first international 
offices in Rio de Janeiro and New York in 2011 and 2012 
respectively. He became Chief Operating Officer of LTG following 
the creation of LEO in 2014. He is now responsible for overseeing 
central support functions of the Group, including Sales, Marketing, 
Bid, IT & Facilities, Human Resources and Quality as well as the 
operations of LEO.

 plc Annual Report 2015  21

Directors’ interests in shares and contracts

Directors’ interests in the shares of LTG at 31 
December 2015 and 31 December 2014, and any 
changes subsequent to 31 December 2015, are 
disclosed in Note 7. Directors’ interests in contracts 
of significance to which LTG was a party during the 
financial year are disclosed in Note 25.

Substantial interests

As at the date of this report, LTG has been advised of the following significant interests (greater than 3%) in its 
ordinary share capital:

Shareholder

Andrew Brode

Jonathan Satchell

Liontrust Asset Management

Hargreave Hale

Piers Lea

Vasconcelos family

Nigel Wray

Ordinary Shares held

113,215,005

105,289,995

26,626,008

20,481,923

17,023,383

13,250,000

12,668,214

% held

27.19%

25.29%

6.40%

4.92%

4.09%

3.18%

3.04%

Except as referred to above, the Directors are not aware of any person who held an interest of 3% or more of the 
issued share capital of the company or could directly or indirectly, jointly or severally, exercise control.

22  

 plc Annual Report 2015

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Annual General Meeting

The Annual General Meeting (‘AGM’) will be held 
at 2pm on 19 May 2016 at DWF LLP, 20 Fenchurch 
Street, London, EC3M 4AD. The notice of the 
AGM contains the full text of the resolutions to be 
proposed.

Independent auditors

In accordance with Section 489 of the Companies 
Act 2006, a resolution proposing that Crowe Clark 
Whitehill LLP be re-appointed will be proposed at the 
Annual General Meeting.

Provision of information to auditors

Each of the persons who are Directors at the 
time when this Directors’ Report is approved has 
confirmed that:

• So far as that Director is aware, there is no relevant 

audit information of which the Company’s 
auditors are unaware, and

• That Director has taken all the steps that ought 
to have been taken as a Director in order to 
be aware of any information needed by the 
Company’s auditors in connection with preparing 
their report and to establish that the Company’s 
auditors are aware of that information.

Signed by order of the Board

Neil Elton

Group Finance Director

29 March 2016

 plc Annual Report 2015  23

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT

The Company is registered in England and Wales and listed on the Alternative 
Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange (‘AIM’).

Statement about applying the principle of 
the QCA Guidelines

The Board recognises the value of good governance 
and attempts to comply with the best practice 
outlined in the QCA guidelines wherever possible 
given the size and nature of the company.

The Company has adopted a share dealing code 
for the Board and employees of the Company 
which is in conformity with the requirements of Rule 
21 of the AIM Rules for Companies. The Company 
takes steps to ensure compliance by the Board and 
applicable employees with the terms of such code.

Board of Directors

The Board is responsible for formulating, reviewing 
and approving the Group’s strategy, budgets and 
corporate actions. The Board holds Board meetings 
at least ten times a year and at other times as and 
when required. 

Biographical details of the Directors are included on 
page 19 and 20.

At 31 December 2015, the Board comprised a Non-
executive Chairman, Chief Executive, Group Finance 
Director, Chief Strategy Officer, Chief Operating 
Officer and two independent Non-executive 
Directors. All Directors bring a wide range of skills 
and international experience to the Board. The 
Non-executive Directors hold meetings without the 
executive Directors present. The Chairman is primarily 
responsible for the working of the Board of LTG. The 
Chief Executive is primarily responsible for the running 
of the business and implementation of the Board 
strategy and policy. The Chief Executive is assisted 
in the managing of the business on a day-to-day 
basis by the Managing Directors of the operating 
businesses, the Group Finance Director and the 
Executive team of LTG.

High-level strategic decisions are discussed and 
taken by the full Board. Investment decisions (above 
a de minimis level) are taken by the full Board. 
Operational decisions are taken by the Managing 
Directors within the framework approved in the 
annual financial plan and within a framework of 
Board-approved authorisation levels. 

The Board met fourteen times during 2015 (2014: 
10). The Board regulations define a framework of 
high-level authorities that maps the structure of 
delegation below Board level, as well as specifying 
issues which remain within the Board’s preserve. The 
Board typically meets ten times a year to consider a 
formal schedule of matters including the operating 
performance of the business and to review LTG’s 
financial plan and business model. Non-executive 
Directors are appointed for a three-year term after 
which their appointment may be extended by 
mutual agreement after due consideration by the 
Board.

In accordance with the Company’s Articles of 
Association, the longest serving Director must retire 
at each Annual General Meeting and each Director 
must retire in any three-year period, so that over 
a three year period all Directors will have retired 
from the Board and been subject to shareholder 
re-election. All Directors have access to the advice 
and services of the Company Secretary and other 
independent professional advisers as required. Non-
executive Directors have access to key members 
of staff and are entitled to attend management 
meetings in order to familiarise themselves with all 
aspects of LTG.

It is the responsibility of the Chairman and the 
Company Secretary to ensure that Board members 
receive sufficient and timely information regarding 
corporate and business issues to enable them to 
discharge their duties. 

24  

 plc Annual Report 2015

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Relations with shareholders

Board committees

The Board maintains two standing committees, 
being the Audit and Remuneration Committees.

The minutes of all sub-committees are circulated for 
review and consideration by all relevant Directors, 
supplemented by oral reports from the Committee 
Chairmen at Board meetings.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is chaired by Leslie-Ann Reed 
and currently comprises Leslie-Ann Reed and Andrew 
Brode. The Audit Committee met three times during 
2015 (2014: 3). Further details on the Audit Committee 
are provided in the Report of the Audit Committee.

Remuneration Committee

The Remuneration Committee is chaired by 
Andrew Brode and also comprises Harry Hill. The 
Remuneration Committee met once during 2015 
(2014: 1). Further details on the Remuneration 
Committee are provided in the Report of the 
Remuneration Committee.

The Directors seek to build on a mutual 
understanding of objectives between LTG and its 
major shareholders by meeting to discuss long-
term issues and receive feedback, communicating 
regularly throughout the year and issuing trading 
updates as appropriate. The Board also seeks to use 
the Annual General Meeting to communicate with its 
shareholders. 

Balanced and understandable assessment 
of position and prospects

The Board has shown its commitment to presenting 
balanced and understandable assessments of LTG’s 
position and prospects by providing comprehensive 
disclosures within the Financial Report in relation to 
its activities. The Board has applied the principles of 
good governance relating to Directors’ remuneration 
as described below. The Board has determined 
that there are no specific issues which need to be 
brought to the attention of shareholders. 

Remuneration strategy

LTG operates in a competitive market. If LTG is to 
compete successfully, it is essential that it attracts, 
develops and retains high quality staff. Remuneration 
policy has an important part to play in achieving this 
objective. LTG aims to offer its staff a remuneration 
package which is both competitive in the relevant 
employment market and which reflects individual 
performance and contribution. For 2015 the 
remuneration package comprised salary, pension 
contributions, bonus or sales commission schemes, 
a Sharesave scheme and, where appropriate, share 
options. 

 plc Annual Report 2015  25

Meetings of the Board and sub-committees during 2015 were as follows:

Board meetings

Audit Committee

Remuneration 
Committee

Number of meetings held in 2015

Andrew Brode

Harry Hill

Jonathan Satchell

Neil Elton

Piers Lea

Dale Solomon

Leslie-Ann Reed

*Attendance by invitation

14

14/14

14/14

14/14

14/14

13/14

13/14

14/14

3

3/3

1/1*

3/3*

3/3*

1/1*

1/1*

3/3

1

1/1

1/1

1/1*

-

-

-

-

26  

 plc Annual Report 2015

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE 

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is chaired by Leslie-Ann Reed 
and currently comprises Leslie-Ann Reed and Andrew 
Brode. The Audit Committee has written terms of 
reference and provides a mechanism through which 
the Board can maintain the integrity of the Financial 
Statements of LTG and any formal announcements 
relating to LTG’s financial performance; to review 
LTG’s internal financial controls and LTG’s internal 
control and risk management systems; and to 
make recommendations to the Board in relation 
to the appointment of the external auditor, their 
remuneration both for audit and non-audit work, the 
nature, scope and results of the audit and the cost 
effectiveness and the independence and objectivity 
of the auditors. A recommendation regarding the 
auditors is put to shareholders for their approval in 
general meetings.

Provision is made by the Audit Committee to meet 
the auditors at least twice a year. 

Internal controls

In applying the principle that the Board should 
maintain a sound system of internal control to 
safeguard shareholders’ investment and LTG’s 
assets, the Directors recognise that they have 
overall responsibility for ensuring that LTG maintains 
systems to provide them with reasonable assurance 
regarding effective and efficient operations, internal 
control and compliance with laws and regulations 
and for reviewing the effectiveness of that system. 
However, there are inherent limitations in any system 
of control and accordingly even the most effective 
system can provide only reasonable and not 
absolute assurance against material mis-statement 
or loss, and that the system is designed to manage 
rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve the 
business objectives. 

LTG has established procedures for the running of 
the Audit Committee. This includes identification, 
categorisation and prioritisation of critical risks within 
the business and allocation of responsibility to its 
Executives and senior managers. The key features of 
the internal control system are described below: 

Control environment – LTG is committed to high 
standards of business conduct and seeks to maintain 
these standards across all of its operations. There 
are also policies in place for the reporting and 
resolution of suspected fraudulent activities. LTG has 
an appropriate organisational structure for planning, 
executing, controlling and monitoring business 
operations in order to achieve its objectives. 

Risk identification – management is responsible 
for the identification and evaluation of key risks 
applicable to their areas of business. These risks 
are assessed on a continual basis and may be 
associated with a variety of internal and external 
sources, including infringement of IP, sales 
channels, investment risk, staff retention, disruption 
in information systems, natural catastrophe and 
regulatory requirements. 

Information systems – Group businesses participate 
in periodic operational/strategic reviews and annual 
plans. The Board actively monitors performance 
against plan. Forecasts and operational results 
are consolidated and presented to the Board 
on a regular basis. Through these mechanisms, 
performance is continually monitored, risks identified 
in a timely manner, their financial implications 
assessed, control procedures re-evaluated and 
corrective actions agreed and implemented. 

Main control procedures – LTG has implemented 
control procedures designed to ensure complete 
and accurate accounting for financial transactions 
and to limit the exposure to loss of assets and fraud. 
Measures taken include segregation of duties and 
reviews by management. 

 plc Annual Report 2015  27

Monitoring and corrective action – there are clear 
and consistent procedures in place for monitoring 
the system of internal financial controls. 

This process, which operates in accordance with 
the FRC guidance, was maintained throughout the 
financial year, and has remained in place up to the 
date of the approval of these Financial Statements. 
The Board, via the Audit Committee, has reviewed 
the systems and processes in place in meetings 
with the Finance Director and LTG’s auditors during 
2015. No internal audit function is operated outside 
of the systems and processes in place, as the 
Board considers that LTG is too small for a separate 
function. The Board considers the internal control 
system to be adequate for LTG. The auditors have 
provided services in relation to the annual audit of 
the Group, advice and compliance work in relation 
to taxation, transaction services and other advisory 
work during the year. The Audit Committee reviews 
the scope and scale of the non-audit services 
undertaken by the auditors in order to ensure that 
their independence and objectivity is safeguarded.

28  

 plc Annual Report 2015

REPORT OF THE REMUNERATION COMMITTEE

Remuneration Committee

The Committee, which is chaired by Andrew Brode, 
also comprises Harry Hill.

The Remuneration Committee monitors the 
remuneration policies of LTG to ensure that they 
are consistent with LTG’s business objectives. Its 
terms of reference include the recommendation 
and execution of policy on Director and Executive 
management remuneration and for reporting 
decisions made to the Board. The Committee 
determines the individual remuneration package 
of the executive management of the Board. In 
accordance with ‘best practice’, this responsibility 
includes pension rights and any other compensation 
payments. 

The Remuneration Committee recognises that 
incentivisation of staff is a key issue for LTG, which 
depends on the skill of its people for its success. 
The Remuneration Committee seeks to incentivise 
employees by linking individual remuneration to 
individual performance and contribution, and to LTG 
results. During the year the Remuneration Committee 
approved grants of share options and confirmed a 
number of KPI-related bonus schemes for the Group 
for 2015.

The aim of the Board and the Remuneration 
Committee is to maintain a policy that:

• Establishes a remuneration structure that will 

attract, retain and motivate Executives, senior 
managers and other staff of appropriate calibre; 

• Rewards Executives and senior managers 
according to both individual and Group 
performance; 

• Establishes an appropriate balance between 

fixed and variable elements of total remuneration, 
with the performance-related element forming 
a potentially significant proportion of the total 
remuneration package;

• Aligns the interests of Executives and senior 

managers with those of shareholders through the 
use of performance-related rewards and share 
options in LTG. 

From time to time the Committee may obtain market 
data and information as appropriate when making 
its comparisons and decisions and is sensitive to the 
wider perspective, including pay and employment 
conditions elsewhere in LTG, especially when 
undertaking salary/remuneration reviews. 

The remuneration package comprises the following 
elements:

• Basic salary – normally reviewed annually 

and set to reflect market conditions, personal 
performance and benchmarks in comparable 
companies. The Chairman does not receive a 
basic salary;

• Annual performance-related bonus – executives, 

managers and employees receive annual 
bonuses related to specific KPIs or overall Group 
performance. The Non-executive Directors do not 
participate in the performance-related bonus 
scheme;

• Benefits – benefits include life assurance and 

pension contributions. The Non-executive Directors 
do not receive these benefits; 

• Share options – share option grants are reviewed 

regularly. 

Full details of each Director’s remuneration package 
and their interests in shares and share options can 
be found in Note 7 to the Financial Statements. There 
are no elements of remuneration, other than basic 
earnings, which are treated as being pensionable. 

 plc Annual Report 2015  29

Service contracts

The Executive Directors have employment contracts 
that contain notice periods of six months. Non-
executive Directors’ service contracts may be 
terminated on three months’ notice. There are no 
additional financial provisions for termination.

Share option plans

The Company operates three long-term equity 
incentive plans:

• EMI share option plan

• Unapproved share option plan

• Sharesave Scheme

Further details are provided in Note 22.

The market price of the shares at 31 December 2015 
was 30.25 pence (31 December 2014: 21.25 pence). 
The highest and lowest price during the year was 
31.00 pence and 19.00 pence respectively.

 plc Annual Report 2015  30

DIRECTORS’  
RESPONSIBILITIES
STATEMENT

 plc Annual Report 2015  31

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT IN RESPECT OF THE ANNUAL  
REPORT AND THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors’ 
Report, Annual Report and the Group and parent Company Financial Statements 
in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for 
the prevention and detection of fraud and other 
irregularities.

They are further responsible for ensuring that the 
Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report and other 
information included in the Annual Report and 
Financial Statements is prepared in accordance with 
applicable law in the United Kingdom.

The maintenance and integrity of the Learning 
Technologies Group plc website is the responsibility 
of the Directors; the work carried out by the auditors 
does not involve the consideration of these 
matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept 
no responsibility for any changes that may have 
occurred in the accounts since they were initially 
presented on the website.

Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the 
preparation and dissemination of the accounts and 
the other information included in Annual Reports may 
differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Company law requires the Directors to prepare 
Financial Statements for each financial year. Under 
that law the Directors have elected to prepare 
the Financial Statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as 
adopted by the EU and applicable law. The Directors 
must not approve the Financial Statements unless 
they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs of the Group and Company 
and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. 
In preparing these Financial Statements, the Directors 
are required to:

• Select suitable accounting policies and then 

apply them consistently;

• Make judgements and accounting estimates that 

are reasonable and prudent;

• State whether applicable accounting standards 
have been followed, subject to any material 
departures disclosed and explained in the 
financial statements;

• Prepare the Financial Statements on the going 

concern basis unless it is inappropriate to assume 
that the Company will continue in business.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate 
accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Company’s transactions and disclose 
with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial 
position of the Company and the Group and 
enable them to ensure that the Financial Statements 
comply with the Companies Act 2006 and, as 
regards the Group Financial Statements, Article 4 
of the IAS Regulation. They are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the Company and the 

32  

 plc Annual Report 2015

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF LEARNING  
TECHNOLOGIES GROUP PLC

We have audited the financial statements of 
Learning Technologies Group plc for the year 
ended 31 December 2015 which comprise the 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, 
the Consolidated and Parent Statement of Financial 
Position, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, 
the Consolidated and Parent Statement of Changes 
in Equity, and the related Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements numbered 1 to 30 and 
numbered 1 to 15 for the Parent.

The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied in the preparation of the group financial 
statements is applicable law and International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted 
by the European Union. The financial reporting 
framework that has been applied in the preparation 
of the Parent Company Financial Statements is 
applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting 
Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted 
Accounting Practice).

This report is made solely to the Company’s 
members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 
of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work 
has been undertaken so that we might state to the 
Company’s members those matters we are required 
to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no 
other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, 
we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone 
other than the Company and the Company’s 
members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, 
or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of Directors  
and auditors

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ 
Responsibilities, the Directors are responsible for 
the preparation of the financial statements and for 
being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. 
Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion 
on the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and International Standards on 
Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us 
to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical 
Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial 
Statements

An audit involves obtaining evidence about the 
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements 
sufficient to give reasonable assurance that 
the financial statements are free from material 
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This 
includes an assessment of: whether the accounting 
policies are appropriate to the Company’s 
circumstances and have been consistently applied 
and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness 
of significant accounting estimates made by the 
Directors; and the overall presentation of the financial 
statements.

In addition, we read all the financial and non-
financial information in the Strategic Report and the 
Directors’ Report and any other surround information 
to identify material inconsistencies with the audited 
financial statements and to identify any information 
that is apparently materially incorrect based on, 
or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge 
acquired by us in the course of performing the audit. 
If we become aware of any apparent material 
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the 
implications for our report.

Opinion on financial Statements

In our opinion:

• the Financial Statements give a true and fair 

view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent 
Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2015  and 
of the Group’s profit for the year then ended;

• the Group Financial Statements have been 

properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union;

• the Parent Company Financial Statements have 
been properly prepared in accordance with 
United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting 
Practice; and 

• the Financial Statements have been prepared 
in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006.

 plc Annual Report 2015  33

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the 
Companies Act 2006

In our opinion the information given in the Strategic 
Report and the Directors’ Report for the financial year 
for which the Financial Statements are prepared is 
consistent with the Financial Statements. 

Matters on which we are required to report 
by exception

We have nothing to report in respect of the following 
matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us 
to report to you if, in our opinion:

• adequate accounting records have not been 

kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate 
for our audit have not been received from 
branches not visited by us; or

• the Parent Company financials are not in 

agreement with the accounting records and 
returns; or

• certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration 

specified by law are not made; or

• we have not received all the information and 

explanations we require for our audit.

Richard Baker

Senior Statutory Auditor

For and on behalf of
Crowe Clark Whitehill LLP
Statutory Auditor
St Bride’s House
10 Salisbury Square
London
EC4Y 8EH

29 March 2016

34  

 plc Annual Report 2015

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Year ended  
31 Dec 2015

Year ended  
31 Dec 2014

Revenue

Operating expenses

Share of losses of joint venture

Operating profit

Adjusted EBITDA 

Depreciation

Amortisation of intangibles

Share-based payment costs

Integration costs

Operating profit

Fair value movement on contingent 
consideration

Costs of acquisition

Finance expense

Interest receivable

Profit/(loss) before taxation

Income tax expense

Profit/(loss) for the year

Profit/(loss) per share attributable to owners of the Parent:

Basic, (pence)

Diluted, (pence)

Adjusted earnings per share:

Basic, (pence)

Diluted, (pence)

Profit/(loss) for the year

Note

4

12

10

11

22

29

5

5

5

8

9

9

9

9

Other comprehensive income:
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss

Exchange differences on translating foreign operations

Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year attributable to  
owners of the parent Company

£’000

19,905

(18,075)

1,830

(62)

1,768

4,276

(214)

(1,419)

(776)

(99)

1,768

198

(234)

(195)

12

1,549

(120)

1,429

0.382

0.357

0.809

0.756

1,429

33

1,462

£’000

14,920

(14,433)

487

(160)

327

2,065

(171)

(659)

(583)

(325)

327

-

(296)

(162)

4

(127)

(35)

(162)

(0.049)

(0.049)

0.393

0.375

(162)

17

(145)

 plc Annual Report 2015  35

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

31 Dec 2015

31 Dec 2014

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets

Deferred tax assets

Investments

Current assets

Trade receivables

Other receivables, deposits and prepayments

Amounts recoverable on contracts

Cash and bank balances

Total assets

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Corporation tax

Amount owing to related parties

Non-current liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

Other long-term liabilities

Provisions

Total liabilities

Net assets

Shareholders’ equity

Share capital

Share premium account

Merger relief reserve

Reverse acquisition reserve

Share-based payment reserve

Foreign exchange translation reserve

Accumulated losses

Total equity attributable to the owners of the parent

Note

10

11

17

12

13

14

15

16

18

25

17

19

20

21

24

24

24

24

24

£’000

543

19,803

1,029

-

21,375

4,201

554

1,853

7,305

13,913

35,288

5,835

309

2

6,146

1,182

2,382

99

3,663

9,809

25,479

1,506

21,839

22,269

(22,933)

2,273

50

475

25,479

£’000

339

11,364

618

16

12,337

2,762

337

1,806

4,358

9,263

21,600

4,832

352

-

5,184

446

1,512

49

2,007                          

7,191                    

14,409

1,329

13,098

22,269

(22,933)

1,203

17

(574)

14,409

The Notes on pages 38 to 85 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Financial Statements on pages 34 to 85 were approved by the Board of Directors on 29 March 2016 and signed on its behalf  
by Neil Elton, Group Finance Director.

36  

 plc Annual Report 2015

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Balance at  
1 January 2014

Loss for period

Exchange differences on 
translating foreign operations

Total comprehensive  
loss for the period

Issue of shares

Costs of issuing shares

Share-based payment charge 
credited to equity

Deferred tax credit on share 
options

Transfer on exercise and lapse 
of options

Dividend paid

Transactions  
with owners

Balance at  
31 December 2014

Profit for the period

Exchange differences on 
translating foreign operations

Total comprehensive loss for 
the period

Issue of shares

Costs of issuing shares

Sale of treasury shares

Share-based payment charge 
credited to equity

Deferred tax credit on share 
options

Transfer on exercise and lapse 
of options

Dividends paid

Transactions  
with owners

Balance at  
31 December 2015

Share 
capital
£’000

Share 
premium
£’000

Merger relief 
reserve 
£’000

Reverse 
acquisition 
reserve 
£’000

Share based 
payments 
reserve
£’000

Translation
reserve
£’000

Retained 
earnings 
£’000

Total equity 
£’000

1,034

1,159

22,269

(22,933)

547

-

-

-

295

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12,211

(272)

-

-

-

-

295

11,939

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

583

356

(283)

-

656

1,329

13,098

22,269

(22,933)

1,203

-

-

-

177

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8,958

(257)

40

-

-

-

-

177

8,741

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

776

362

(68)

-

1,070

-

-

17

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

17

-

33

33

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(588)

(162)

-

1,488

(162)

17

(162)

(145)

-

-

-

-

283

(107)

12,506

(272)

583

356

-

(107)

176

13,066

(574)

14,409

1,429

1,429

-

33

1,429

1,462

-

-

-

-

-

68

(448)

(380)

9,135

(257)

40

776

362

-

(448)

9,608

1,506

21,839

22,269

(22,933)

2,273

50

475

25,479

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Note

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit/(loss) before taxation

Adjustments for:

Share based payment charge

Amortisation of intangible assets

Depreciation of plant and equipment

Share of loss of joint venture

Finance expense

Fair value movement on contingent 
consideration

Interest income

Operating cash flows before working capital 
changes

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other
receivables

(Increase) in amount recoverable on contracts

Increase/(decrease) in payables

Interest received

Income tax paid

Net cash flows from operating activities

Cash flows used in investing activities

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Development of intangible assets

Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired

Investment in joint venture

Net cash flows in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Dividends paid

Issue of ordinary share capital net of share 
issue costs

Repayment of bank loans

Sale of treasury shares

Contingent consideration payments in  
the period

Net cash flows from/(used) in financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash 
equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning  
of the year

Exchange gains on cash

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

16

 plc Annual Report 2015  37

 Year ended  
31 Dec 2015

 Year ended  
31 Dec 2014

£’000

1,549

776

1,419

214

62

195

(198)

(12)

4,005

(49)

(62)

607

4,501

12

(483)

4,030

(232)

(310)

(5,617)

(46)

(6,205)

(448)

7,379

-

40

(1,882)

5,089

2,914

4,358

33

7,305

£’000

(127)

583

659

171

160

162

-

(4)

1,604

507

(668)

(507)

936

4

(32)

908

(123)

(198)

(4,407)

(179)

(4,907)

(107)

7,756

(465)

-

-

7,184

3,185

1,170

3

4,358

38  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE 
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS 

 plc Annual Report 2015  39

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 December 2015

1. General information

Learning Technologies Group plc (‘the Company’) 
and its subsidiaries (together, ‘the Group’) provide 
a range of e-learning services and technologies 
to corporate and government clients. The principal 
activity of the Company is that of a holding 
company for the Group, as well as performing all 
administrative, corporate finance, strategic and 
governance functions of the Group. 

The Company is a public limited company, 
which is listed on the AIM Market of the London 
Stock Exchange and domiciled in England and 
incorporated and registered in England and Wales. 
The address of its registered office is 52 Old Steine, 
Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 1NH. The registered number 
of the Company is 07176993.

2. Summary of significant accounting 

policies 

The principal accounting policies applied in the 
preparation of these Consolidated Financial 
Statements are set out below. These policies have 
been consistently applied unless otherwise stated. 

a) Basis of preparation

The Consolidated Financial Statements of Learning 
Technologies Group plc have been prepared in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards as adopted by the European Union (IFRSs 
as adopted by the EU), issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board (IASB), including 
interpretations issued by the International Financial 
Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC), and 
the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies 
reporting under IFRS. The Consolidated Financial 
Statements have been prepared under the historical 
cost convention, as modified for any financial assets 
which are stated at fair value through profit or loss. 
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Learning 
Technologies Group plc are presented in pounds 
sterling, which is the presentation currency for the 

Consolidated Financial Statements. The functional 
currency of each of the group entities is the local 
currency of each individual entity and figures have 
been rounded to the nearest thousand.

The preparation of Financial Statements in 
conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical 
accounting estimates. It also requires management 
to exercise its judgement in the process of applying 
the Group’s accounting policies. The areas involving 
a higher degree of judgement and complexity, 
or areas where assumptions and estimates are 
significant to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
are disclosed in Note 3.

Going concern

At 31 December 2015 the Group had £7.3 million 
of net cash and good cash conversion. Having 
undertaken a detailed budgeting exercise, the 
Directors have a reasonable expectation that the 
Group has adequate resources to continue in 
operational existence for the foreseeable future and 
therefore continue to adopt the going concern basis 
of accounting in preparing the annual Financial 
Statements.

Adoption of new and revised International Financial 
Reporting Standards

A number of new standards and amendments to 
standards and interpretations have been issued but 
are not yet effective and in some cases have not yet 
been adopted by the EU.

The Directors do not expect that the adoption 
of these standards will have a material impact 
on the financial statements of the Company in 
future periods, except that IFRS 9 will impact both 
the measurement and disclosures of financial 
instruments, IFRS 15 may have an impact on revenue 
recognition and related disclosures and IFRS 16 will 
have an impact on the recognition of operating 
leases. At this point it is not practicable for the 
Directors to provide a reasonable estimate of the 
effect of these standards as their detailed review of 
these standards is still ongoing.

40  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

(b) Basis of consolidation

A subsidiary is defined as an entity over which the 
Group has control. The Group controls an entity when 
the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable 
returns from its involvement with the entity and has 
the ability to affect those returns through its power 
over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated 
from the date on which control is transferred to the 
Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that 
control ceases.

The share for share acquisition of Epic Performance 
Improvement Limited and its subsidiary companies 
by Epic Group Limited on 10 May 1996 was that 
of a re-organisation of entities which were under 
common control. As such, that combination also falls 
outside the scope of IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ 
(Revised 2008). The Directors have therefore decided 
that it is appropriate to reflect the combination using 
the merger basis of accounting in order to give a 
true and fair view. No fair value adjustments were 
made as a result of that combination.

The basis of consolidation of the acquisition of Epic 
Group Limited by the Company in November 2013 is 
described below:

The substance of the share for share acquisition of 
Epic Group Limited and its subsidiary companies  
by In-Deed Online plc on 8 November 2013 was 
outside the scope of IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ 
(Revised 2008) on the basis that the Directors made 
a judgement that prior to the transaction, In-Deed 
Online plc was not a business under IFRS 3 Appendix 
A. The Directors have therefore decided that it is 
appropriate to reflect the combination using the 
merger basis of accounting in order to give a true 
and fair view. No fair value adjustments were made 
as a result of that combination.

Business combinations other than noted above are 
accounted for under the acquisition method.

Under the acquisition method, the results of the 
subsidiaries acquired or disposed of are included 

from the date of acquisition or up to the date of 
disposal. At the date of acquisition, the fair values 
of the subsidiaries’ net assets are determined and 
these values are reflected in the Consolidated 
Financial Statements. The cost of acquisition is 
measured at the aggregate of the fair values, at 
the date of exchange, of assets given, liabilities 
incurred or assumed, and equity instruments 
issued by the Group in exchange for control of the 
acquiree, plus any costs directly attributable to the 
business combination. Any excess of the purchase 
consideration of the business combination over 
the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities 
acquired is recognised as goodwill. Goodwill, if 
any, is not amortised but reviewed for impairment 
at least annually. If the consideration is less than 
the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired, the 
difference is recognised directly in the statement of 
comprehensive income.

Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

Intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised 
gains on transactions are eliminated; unrealised 
losses are also eliminated unless cost cannot be 
recovered. Where necessary, adjustments are made 
to the Financial Statements of subsidiaries to ensure 
consistency of accounting policies with those of the 
Group.

(c) Joint arrangements

The Group has applied IFRS 11 to all joint 
arrangements as of 1 January 2012. Under IFRS 11 
investments in joint arrangements are classified as 
either joint operations or joint ventures depending 
on the contractual rights and obligations of each 
investor. The Company has assessed the nature of its 
joint arrangements and determined them to be joint 
ventures which are accounted for using the equity 
method.

Under the equity method of accounting, interests 
in joint ventures are initially recognised at cost and 
adjusted thereafter to recognise the Group’s share of 

 plc Annual Report 2015  41

the post-acquisition profits or losses and movements 
in other comprehensive income. When the Group’s 
share of losses in a joint venture equals or exceeds 
its interests in the joint ventures, the Group does 
not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred 
obligations or made payments on behalf of joint 
ventures.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group 
and its joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of 
the Group’s interest in the joint ventures. Unrealised 
losses are also eliminated unless the transaction 
provides evidence of an impairment of the asset 
transferred. Accounting policies of the joint ventures 
have been changed where necessary to ensure 
consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

(d) Intangible assets

All intangible assets, except goodwill, are stated 
at cost less accumulated amortisation and any 
accumulated impairment losses.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the amount by which the fair 
value of the cost of a business combination exceeds 
the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill 
is not amortised and is stated at cost less any 
accumulated impairment losses.

The recoverable amount of goodwill is tested for 
impairment annually or when events or changes in 
circumstance indicate that it might be impaired. 
Impairment charges are deducted from the carrying 
value and recognised immediately in the income 
statement. For the purpose of impairment testing, 
goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash 
generating units expected to benefit from the 
synergies of the combination. If the recoverable 
amount of the cash generating unit is less than the 
carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is 
allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any 
goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other 
assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying 
amount of each asset in the unit. An impairment 
loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a 
subsequent period. 

Acquisition-related intangible assets

Net assets acquired as part of a business 
combination includes an assessment of the fair 
value of separately identifiable acquisition-related 
intangible assets, in addition to other assets, liabilities 
and contingent liabilities purchased. These are 
amortised over their useful lives which are individually 
assessed. 

Branding  

2-5 years

Customer contracts and relationships  

2-5 years

Research and development expenditure

Research expenditure is recognised as an expense 
when it is incurred.

Development expenditure is recognised as an 
expense except that costs incurred on development 
projects are capitalised as long-term assets to 
the extent that such expenditure is expected to 
generate future economic benefits. Development 
expenditure is capitalised if, and only if, an entity can 
demonstrate all of the following:

(i) Its ability to measure reliably the expenditure 
attributable to the asset under development;

(ii) The product or process is technically and 

 commercially feasible; 

(iii) Its future economic benefits are probable;

(iv) Its ability to use or sell the developed asset; and

(v) The availability of adequate technical, financial 

  and other resources to complete the asset  
  under development.

Capitalised development expenditure is measured 
at cost less accumulated amortisation and 
impairment losses, if any. Development expenditure 
initially recognised as an expense is not recognised 
as assets in subsequent periods.

Capitalised development expenditure is amortised 
on a straight-line method over a period of between 
three and five years when the products or services 
are ready for sale or use. In the event that it is no 
longer probable that the expected future economic 

42  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

benefits will be recovered, the development 
expenditure is written down to its recoverable 
amount.

(e) Functional and foreign currencies

(i) Functional and presentation currency

  The individual Financial Statements of each entity 

in the Group are presented in the currency of 
the primary economic environment in which the 
entity operates, which is the functional currency. 

  The Consolidated Financial Statements are 

presented in Pounds Sterling, which is the Group’s 
presentation currency. 

(ii) Transactions and balances

  Transactions in foreign currencies are converted 

into the respective functional currencies on 
initial recognition, using the exchange rates 
approximating those ruling at the transaction 
dates. Monetary assets and liabilities at the end 
of the reporting period are translated at the rates 
ruling as of that date. Non-monetary assets and 
liabilities are translated using exchange rates that 
existed when the values were determined. All 
exchange differences are recognised in profit or 
loss.

(iii) Foreign operations

  Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are 
translated to Pounds Sterling at the rates of 
exchange ruling at the end of the reporting 
period. Revenues and expenses of foreign 
operations are translated at the average rate 
of exchange. All exchange differences arising 
from translation are taken directly to other 
comprehensive income and accumulated in 
equity under the foreign exchange translation 
reserve. On the disposal of a foreign operation, 
the cumulative amount recognised in other 
comprehensive income relating to that particular 
foreign operation is reclassified from equity to 
profit or loss.

  Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising from 
the acquisition of foreign operations are treated 
as assets and liabilities of the foreign operations 
and are recorded in the functional currency 
of the foreign operations and translated at the 
closing rate at the end of the reporting period. 
Exchange differences are recognised in other 
comprehensive income.

(f) Financial instruments

Financial instruments are recognised in the 
statements of financial position when the Group has 
become a party to the contractual provisions of the 
instruments.

Financial instruments are classified as liabilities or 
equity in accordance with the substance of the 
contractual arrangement. Interest, dividends, gains 
and losses relating to a financial instrument classified 
as a liability are reported as an expense or income. 
Distributions to holders of financial instruments 
classified as equity are charged directly to equity.

Financial instruments are offset when the Group has 
a legally enforceable right to offset and intends to 
settle either on a net basis or to realise the asset and 
settle the liability simultaneously.

A financial instrument is recognised initially at its fair 
value plus, in the case of a financial instrument not 
at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs 
that are directly attributable to the acquisition or 
issue of the financial instrument.

Financial instruments recognised in the statements 
of financial position are disclosed in the individual 
policy statement associated with each item.

Financial assets are derecognised when the 
contractual rights to receive cash flows from 
the financial assets have expired or have been 
transferred and the Group has transferred 
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. 
On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, 
the difference between the carrying amount and 

 
 
 
 plc Annual Report 2015  43

the sum of the consideration received and any 
cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in 
other comprehensive income is recognised in profit 
or loss. 

(i) Financial assets 

  On initial recognition, financial assets are 
classified as either financial assets at fair 
value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity 
investments, loans and receivables financial 
assets, or available-for-sale financial assets, as 
appropriate. 

  Management determines the classification of 

its financial assets at initial recognition. 

• Loans and receivables financial assets

  Trade receivables and other receivables that 

have fixed or determinable payments that are 
not quoted in an active market are classified as 
loans and receivables financial assets. Loans 
and receivables financial assets are measured 
at amortised cost using the effective interest 
method, less any impairment loss. Interest 
income is recognised by applying the effective 
interest rate, except for short-term receivables 
when the recognition of interest would be 
immaterial. The Group’s loans and receivables 
financial assets comprise ‘trade and other 
receivables’ and cash and cash equivalents 
included in the Consolidated Statement of 
Financial Position.

(ii) Financial liabilities

  Financial liabilities are recognised when, and 
only when, the Group becomes a party to the 
contractual provisions of the financial instrument.

  All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair 
value plus directly attributable transaction costs 
and subsequently measured at amortised cost 
using the effective interest method other than 
those categorised as fair value through profit or 
loss.

  Fair value through the profit or loss category 
comprises financial liabilities that are either 
held for trading or are designated to eliminate 
or significantly reduce a measurement or 

recognition inconsistency that would otherwise 
arise. Derivatives are also classified as held for 
trading unless they are designated as hedges. 

  A financial liability is derecognised when the 
obligation under the liability is discharged, 
cancelled or expires. When an existing financial 
liability is replaced by another from the same 
party on substantially different terms, or the terms 
of an existing liability are substantially modified, 
such an exchange or modification is treated as 
a derecognition of the original liability and the 
recognition of a new liability, and the difference in 
the respective carrying amounts is recognised in 
the profit or loss. 

(iii) Equity instruments

  Ordinary shares are classified as equity. 

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue 
of new shares or options are shown in equity as a 
deduction, net of tax, from proceeds. Dividends 
on ordinary shares are recognised when paid.

(g) Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less 
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, 
if any. The cost of an item of property, plant and 
equipment initially recognised includes its purchase 
price and any cost that is directly attributable to 
bringing the asset to the location and condition 
necessary for it to be capable of operating in the 
manner intended by management. 

Depreciation is calculated under the straight-line 
method to write off the depreciable amount of the 
assets over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation 
of an asset does not cease when the asset becomes 
idle or is retired from active use unless the asset is 
fully depreciated. The principal annual rates used for 
this purpose are: 

Computer equipment 
Furniture and fittings 
Office equipment 
Leasehold improvements 

33.33% 
20% 
20% 
Over the remaining  
life of the lease

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
44  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

The depreciation method, useful lives and residual 
values are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at 
the end of each reporting period to ensure that the 
amounts, method and periods of depreciation are 
consistent with previous estimates and the expected 
pattern of consumption of the future economic 
benefits embodied in the items of the property, plant 
and equipment.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying 
amount or recognised as a separate asset, as 
appropriate, only when the cost is incurred and 
it is probable that the future economic benefits 
associated with the asset will flow to the Group and 
the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. 

The carrying amount of parts that are replaced is 
derecognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing 
of property, plant and equipment are recognised 
in profit or loss as incurred. Cost also comprises the 
initial estimate of dismantling and removing the asset 
and restoring the site on which it is located for which 
the Group is obligated to incur when the asset is 
acquired, if applicable.

An item of property, plant and equipment is 
derecognised upon disposal or when no future 
economic benefits are expected from its use or 
disposal. The gain or loss on retirement or disposal 
is determined as the difference between any sales 
proceeds and the carrying amounts of the asset 
and is recognised in the income statement within 
other income / (expenses). Any revaluation reserve 
included in equity is transferred directly to retained 
profits on retirement or disposal of the asset.

(h) Long-term contracts

The amount of profit attributable to the stage of 
completion of a long-term contract is recognised 
when the outcome of the contract can be foreseen 
with reasonable certainty. Revenue for such 
contracts is stated at cost appropriate to their stage 
of completion plus attributable profits, less amounts 
recognised in previous years. Provision is made for 

any losses as soon as they are foreseen.

Contract work in progress is stated at costs incurred, 
less those amounts transferred to profit or loss, after 
deducting foreseeable losses and payments on 
account not matched with revenue.

Amounts recoverable on contracts are included in 
current assets and represent revenue recognised in 
excess of payments on account. 

(i) Impairment 

(i) Impairment of financial assets

  All financial assets (other than those categorised 

at fair value through profit or loss), are assessed at 
the end of each reporting period as to whether 
there is any objective evidence of impairment as 
a result of one or more events having an impact 
on the estimated future cash flows of the asset. 

  An impairment loss in respect of loans and 
receivables financial assets is recognised in 
profit or loss and is measured as the difference 
between the asset’s carrying amount and the 
present value of estimated future cash flows, 
discounted at the financial asset’s original 
effective interest rate.

In a subsequent period, if the amount of the 
impairment loss decreases and the decrease 
can be related objectively to an event occurring 
after the impairment was recognised, the 
previously recognised impairment loss is reversed 
through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying 
amount of the asset at the date the impairment 
is reversed does not exceed what the amortised 
cost would have been had the impairment not 
been recognised.

(ii) Impairment of non-financial assets

  The carrying values of intangible assets are 

reviewed at the end of each reporting period 
for impairment when there is an indication that 
the assets might be impaired. Impairment is 
measured by comparing the carrying values of 

 
 
 
 plc Annual Report 2015  45

that future taxable profits will be available against 
which the deductible temporary differences, unused 
tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised. The 
carrying amounts of deferred tax assets are reviewed 
at the end of each reporting period and reduced to 
the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient 
future taxable profits will be available to allow all or 
part of the deferred tax assets to be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at 
the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period 
when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, 
based on the tax rates that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted at the end of the reporting 
period.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when 
there is a legally enforceable right to set off current 
tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the 
deferred income taxes relate to the same taxation 
authority.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed 
at each reporting date and are recognised to the 
extent that it has become probable that future 
taxable profit will allow deferred tax assets to be 
recovered.

Deferred tax relating to acquired intangible assets 
is recognised outside profit or loss. Deferred tax 
items are recognised in correlation to the underlying 
transactions either in other comprehensive income or 
directly in equity. 

Deferred tax arising from a business combination is 
included in the resulting goodwill or excess of the 
acquirer’s interest in the net fair value of the acquired 

the assets with their recoverable amounts. The 
recoverable amount of the assets is the higher 
of the assets’ fair value less costs to sell and their 
value in use, which is measured by reference to 
discounted future cash flow.

  An impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss 

immediately.

In respect of assets other than goodwill, and 
when there is a change in the estimates used 
to determine the recoverable amount, a 
subsequent increase in the recoverable amount 
of an asset is treated as a reversal of the previous 
impairment loss and is recognised to the extent 
of the carrying amount of the asset that would 
have been determined (net of amortisation and 
depreciation) had no impairment loss been 
recognised. The reversal is recognised in profit or 
loss immediately. 

(j) Income taxes

Income tax for each reporting period comprises 
current and deferred tax.

Current tax is the expected amount of income taxes 
payable in respect of the taxable profit for the year 
and is measured using the tax rates that have been 
enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the 
reporting period.

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability 
method, on temporary differences arising between 
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their 
carrying amounts in the Financial Statements. 

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable 
temporary differences other than those that arise 
from goodwill or excess of the Group’s interest in the 
net fair value of the acquired company’s identifiable 
assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over 
the business combination costs or from the initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction 
which is not a business combination and at the time 
of the transaction, affects neither accounting profit 
nor taxable profit.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible 
temporary differences, unused tax losses and 
unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable 

 
46  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

company’s identifiable assets, liabilities and 
contingent liabilities over the business combination 
costs. 

(k) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand, 
bank balances, deposits with financial institutions 
and short-term, highly liquid investments that are 
readily convertible to known amounts of cash and 
which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes 
in value.

(l) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term benefits

  Wages, salaries, paid annual leave and sick 

leave, bonuses and non-monetary benefits are 
accrued in the period in which the associated 
services are rendered by employees of the 
Group.

(ii) Defined contribution plans

  A defined contribution plan is a pension plan 

under which the Group pays fixed contributions 
into a separate entity. The Group has no legal or 
constructive obligations to pay further amounts 
if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay 
all employees the benefits relating to employee 
service in the current and prior periods. The 
Group’s contributions to defined contribution 
plans are recognised in profit or loss in the period 
to which they relate. 

(m) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent 
assets

Provisions for property lease dilapidations are 
recognised when the Group has a present or 
constructive obligation as a result of past events, 
when it is probable that an outflow of resources 
embodying economic benefits will be required to 
settle the obligation, and when a reliable estimate of 
the amount can be made. Provisions are reviewed 
at the end of each financial reporting period and 
adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. Where 
the effect of the time value of money is material, 

the provision is the present value of the estimated 
expenditure required to settle the obligation.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that 
arises from past events and whose existence will only 
be confirmed by the occurrence of one or more 
uncertain future events not wholly within the control of 
the Group. It can also be a present obligation arising 
from past events that is not recognised because it is 
not probable that outflow of economic resources will 
be required or the amount of obligation cannot be 
measured reliably.

A contingent liability is not recognised but is 
disclosed in the Notes to the Financial Statements. 
When a change in the probability of an outflow 
occurs so that the outflow is probable, it will then be 
recognised as a provision.

A contingent asset is a probable asset that 
arises from past events and whose existence will 
be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-
occurrence of one or more uncertain events not 
wholly within the control of the Group. The Group 
does not recognise contingent assets but discloses 
its existence where inflows of economic benefits are 
probable, but not virtually certain. 

(n) Related parties

A party is related to an entity if:

(i) Directly, or indirectly through one or more 

intermediaries, the party:

• Controls, is controlled by, or is under common 
control with, the entity (this includes Parents, 
subsidiaries and fellow subsidiaries);

• Has an interest in the entity that gives it 
significant influence over the entity; or

• Has joint control over the entity;

(ii) The party is an associate of the entity;

(iii) The party is a joint venture in which the entity is  

  a venturer;

 
 
 plc Annual Report 2015  47

(iv) The party is a member of the key management 

  personnel of the entity or its parent;

(v) The party is a close member of the family of any 

  individual referred to in (i) or (iv);

(vi) The party is an entity that is controlled, jointly 
  controlled or significantly influenced by, or for 
  which significant voting power in such entity 
  resides with, directly or indirectly, any individual 
  referred to in (iv) or (v); or

(vii) The party is a post-employment benefit plan for 
   the benefit of employees of the entity, or of any 
   entity that is a related party of the entity.

Close members of the family of an individual are 
those family members who may be expected to 
influence, or be influenced by, that individual in their 
dealings with the entity.

(o) Revenue and other income

Group revenue represents the fair value of the 
consideration received or receivable for the 
rendering of services, net of value added tax 
and other similar sales based taxes, rebates and 
discounts after eliminating intercompany sales.  

Revenue from services is recognised on the 
percentage of completion method unless the 
outcome of the contract cannot be reliably 
determined, in which case contract revenue is only 
recognised to the extent of contract costs incurred 
that are recoverable. Foreseeable losses, if any, are 
provided for in full as and when it can be reasonably 
ascertained that the contract will result in a loss.  The 
stage of completion is determined based on the 
proportion of contract costs incurred compared to 
total estimated contract costs.

Revenue from subscriptions such as licences is 
amortised over the contractual period of the licence 
with the exception of perpetual licences where all 
revenue is recognised at time of contract.  

Interest income is recognised as other income on an 
accruals basis based on the effective yield on the 
investment.

(p) Operating segments

The Group operates as one reportable segment, 

that of the production of interactive multimedia 
programmes. An operating segment is a component 
of the Group that engages in business activities 
from which it may earn revenues and incur 
expenses, including revenues and expenses that 
relate to transactions with any of the Group’s other 
components. An operating segment’s operating 
results are reviewed regularly by the chief operating 
decision maker to make decisions about resources 
to be allocated to the segment and assess its 
performance, and for which discrete financial 
information is available.

(q) Share-based payment arrangements

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees 
and others providing similar services are measured 
at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant 
date. Details regarding the determination of the fair 
value of equity-settled share-based transactions 
are set out in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the 
equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on 
a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based 
on the Group’s estimate of equity instruments that 
will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase 
in equity. At the end of each reporting period, the 
Group revises its estimate of the number of equity 
instruments expected to vest. The impact of the 
revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised 
in profit or loss such that the cumulative expense 
reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding 
adjustment to other reserves. 

(r) Leases

The Group leases certain property under operating 
leases. Operating lease payments are recognised 
as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease 
term, except where another systematic basis is more 
representative of the time pattern in which economic 
benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

There were no leases classified under the category of 
finance leases.

48  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

3. Summary of critical accounting estimates 

and judgements

The preparation of financial information in conformity 
with IFRS requires the use of certain critical 
accounting estimates. It also requires the Directors to 
exercise their judgement in the process of applying 
the accounting policies which are detailed above. 
These judgements are continually evaluated by 
the Directors and management and are based on 
historical experience and other factors, including 
expectations of future events that are believed to be 
reasonable under the circumstances. 

The key estimates and underlying assumptions 
concerning the future and other key sources of 
estimation uncertainty at the statement of financial 
position date, that have a significant risk of causing 
a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of 
assets and liabilities within the next financial period, 
are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to 
accounting estimates are recognised in the period 
in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects 
only that period, or in the period of the revision and 
future periods if the revision affects both current and 
future periods.

Revenue recognition

The Group recognises revenue from service contracts 
with customers.

Revenue is recognised on the percentage of 
completion method unless the outcome of the 
contract cannot be reliably determined, in which 
case contract revenue is only recognised to the 
extent of contract costs incurred that are considered 
to be recoverable. Foreseeable losses, if any, are 
provided for in full as and when it can be reasonably 
ascertained that the contract will result in a loss.

The stage of completion is determined based on the 
proportion of contract costs incurred compared to 
total estimated contract costs. 

In making its judgement, management considered 
the detailed criteria for the recognition of revenue set 
out in IAS 18 ‘Revenue’. The Directors are satisfied that 
the significant risks and rewards are transferred and 
that the recognition of revenue over the duration of a 
contract is appropriate. 

Amounts recoverable on contracts

In making its judgement as to the amounts 
recoverable on contracts, management considers 
estimates of anticipated revenues and costs 
from each contract and monitors the need for 
any provisions for losses arising from adjustments 
to underlying assumptions if this indicates it is 
appropriate. The amount of profit or loss recognised 
on a contract has a direct impact on the Group’s 
results and carrying value of amounts recoverable 
on contracts. The Directors are satisfied that their 
judgement is based on a reasonable assessment of 
the future prospects for each contract. 

Contingent consideration

In some instances the cost of acquiring a business 
will not be known at the time of acquisition as it 
will depend in part on the achievement of certain 
performance criteria at a future date. Management 
exercise their judgement in discounting the future 
value of the anticipated deferred consideration.

See Note 29 for details of how these estimates and 
judgements have been applied.

Valuation of intangible assets

The determination of the fair value of assets and 
liabilities including goodwill arising on the acquisition 
of businesses, the acquisition of industry-specific 
knowledge, software technology, branding and 
customer relationships, whether arising from separate 
purchases or from the acquisition as part of business 
combinations, and development expenditure 
which is expected to generate future economic 
benefits, are based, to a considerable extent, on 
management’s judgement.

 plc Annual Report 2015  49

The fair value of these assets is determined by 
discounting estimated future net cash flows 
generated by the asset where no active market for 
the assets exists. The use of different assumptions 
for the expectations of future cash flows and the 
discount rate would change the valuation of the 
intangible assets.

Allocation of the purchase price affects the results 
of the Group as finite lived intangible assets are 
amortised, whereas indefinite lived intangible assets, 
including goodwill, are not amortised and could 
result in differing amortisation charges based on the 
allocation to indefinite lived and finite lived intangible 
assets.

The useful life used to amortise intangible assets 
relates to the expected future performance of the 
assets acquired and management’s estimate of the 
period over which economic benefit will be derived 
from the asset.

The estimated useful life principally reflects 
management’s view of the average economic life of 
each asset and is assessed by reference to historical 
data and future expectations. Any reduction in the 
estimated useful life would lead to an increase in the 
amortisation charge. 

See Notes 11 and 29 for details of how these 
estimates and judgements have been applied.

Impairment reviews

IFRS requires management to undertake an annual 
test for impairment of indefinite lived assets and, for 
finite lived assets, to test for impairment if events or 
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying 
amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Impairment testing is an area involving management 
judgement, requiring assessment as to whether the 
carrying value of assets can be supported by the net 
present value of future cash flows derived from such 
assets using cash flow projections which have been 
discounted at an appropriate rate. In calculating the 
net present value of the future cash flows, certain 
assumptions are required to be made in respect of 
highly uncertain matters including management’s 
expectations of:

• Growth in EBITDA, calculated as adjusted 

operating profit before;

• Depreciation and amortisation;

• Long-term growth rates; and

• The selection of discount rates to reflect the risks 

involved.

The Group prepares and approves a detailed annual 
budget, three year strategic plan and five-year 
management plan for its operations, which are used 
in the value in use calculations.

See Note 11 for details of how these estimates and 
judgements have been applied.

Changing the assumptions selected by 
management, in particular the discount rate and 
growth rate assumptions used in the cash flow 
projections, could significantly affect the Group’s 
impairment evaluation, and hence results.

4. Segment analysis

IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identified 
on the basis of internal reports about components 
of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the chief 
operating decision maker (which takes the form of 
the Board of Directors of the Company) as defined in 
IFRS 8, in order to allocate resources to the segment 
and to assess its performance.

The Directors of the Company consider the 
principal activity of the Group to be the production 
of interactive multimedia programmes, and to 
constitute one reportable segment, that of the 
production of interactive multimedia programmes. A 
majority of sales were generated by the operations 
in the United Kingdom in the two years ended 31 
December 2014 and 2015.

All other segments primarily comprise income and 
expenses relating to the Group’s administrative 
functions. Interest income and interest expense 
are not allocated to segments, as this type of 
activity is driven by the central treasury function, 
which manages the cash position of the Group. 
Accordingly, this information is not separately 
reported to the Board of Directors.

50  

 plc Annual Report 2015

 plc Annual Report 2015  51

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Geographical information

All revenues of the Group are derived from its principal activity, the production of interactive multimedia 
programmes. The Group’s revenue from external customers and non-current assets by geographical  
location are detailed below.

 UK 
£’000

 Switzerland 
£’000

 Italy 
£’000

Rest of 
Europe 
£’000

 United 
States 
£’000

Canada 
£’000

Rest of 
World
£’000

31 December 
2015 revenue 

Non-current 
assets

31 December 
2014 revenue 

Non-current 
assets

17,528

539

21,354

-

-

-

20

-

21

1,638

110

12,246

339

170

135

1,977

12,315

-

-

-

6

Total
 £’000

19,905

21,375

14,920

12,337

70

-

53

16

-

-

-

Information about major customers 

In both the year ended 31 December 2014 and the year ended 31 December 2015, no customer accounted for 
more than 10 per cent of reported revenues.

5. Profit/(loss) before taxation

Profit/(loss) before taxation is arrived at after charging/(crediting):-

Costs of acquisition 

Integration costs

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets

Amortisation of software development costs

Auditors’ remuneration

Other fees payable to auditors 
• Acquisition costs 
• Taxation

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

234

99

1,203

216

40

96
30

214

296

325

570

89

43

72
15

171

52  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Directors’ fees

Directors’ pension contributions

Staff costs (including Directors):

• Salaries, allowances and bonuses 
• Social security costs 
• Defined contribution pension plan costs

Rental of offices

Research and development

Finance charges

Fair value movement on contingent consideration

Interest income

6. Staff costs

The average monthly number of employees was:

Production

Administration

Management

Aggregate remuneration (including Directors):

Wages and salaries (including bonuses)

Social security costs

Share-based payments

Pension costs

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

678

21

9,305 
942 
180

540

5

195

(198)

(12)

500

3

7,565 
796 
188

365

50

162

-

(4)

Year ended  
31 Dec 2015

Year ended  
31 Dec 2014

No.

188

30

7

225

No.

163

28

7

198

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

9,305

942

776

180

11,203

7,565

796

583

188

9,132

 
 
 
 
  
 plc Annual Report 2015  53

7. Directors’ remuneration, interests and transactions

The Directors of the Company are considered to be the key management personnel of the Group.

Directors’ emoluments and benefits include:

Year ended 31 Dec 2015

Salary or fees
£’000

Bonuses 
£’000

Pension  
contribution 
£’000

Share-based 
payments 
£’000

Total 
£’000

Andrew Brode

Harry Hill

Jonathan Satchell

Neil Elton

Piers Lea

Dale Solomon

Leslie-Ann Reed

-

46

200

142

120

140

30

678

-

-

70

45

45

45

-

205

-

-

12

4

4

1

-

21

-

-

-

68

-

325

-

393

Year ended 31 Dec 2014

Salary or fees 
£’000

Bonuses 
£’000

Pension 
contribution 
£’000

Share-based  
payments 
£’000

Andrew Brode

Harry Hill

Jonathan Satchell

Neil Elton

Piers Lea

Dale Solomon

Leslie-Ann Reed

Peter Mountford

Richard Jones

-

30

200

21

62

72

15

65

35

500

-

-

25

-

-

21

-

-

-

46

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

1

3

-

-

-

-

-

163

-

133

38

334

-

46

282

259

169

511

30

1,297

Total 
£’000

-

30

225

21

63

257

15

198

74

883

54  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Directors’ emoluments and benefits are stated for the 
Directors of Learning Technologies Group plc only. 
The amounts shown were recognised as an expense 
during the year.

Total social security costs related to Directors during 
the year was £92,000 (2014: £50,000).

The above figures for emoluments do not include 
any gains made on the exercise of share options 
received under long-term incentive schemes.

There were no other short-term or long term benefits, 
post-employment benefits or termination benefits 
paid to Directors in either of the years ended 31 
December 2015 or 31 December 2014.

Directors’ interests in the shares of the Company at 31 December 2015 and 31 December 2014, and any 
changes subsequent to 31 December 2015, are as follows:

LTG
Ordinary 
Shares of 
£0.00375 
each

Andrew Brode

Harry Hill

Jonathan 
Satchell

Leslie-Ann 
Reed

Neil Elton

Piers Lea

Dale Solomon

Options

Shares

2015

2014

2015

2014

2015

2014

Weighted Average Exercise 
Price (pence)

Number

Number

-

-

-

-

19.000

-

5.468

6.066

-

-

-

-

-

-

5.428

5.428

-

-

-

-

1,000,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

113,215,005

113,215,005

2,008,000

1,830,000

107,039,995

113,214,995

750,000

160,000

-

-

17,023,383

17,023,383

21,626,013

21,866,013

-

-

22,626,013

21,866,013

240,196,383

245,283,383

 plc Annual Report 2015  55

Dale Solomon was granted 16,002,452 unapproved 
share options on 17 February 2014. The exercise 
price was 5.88 pence and the vesting of the new 
share options are subject to the achievement of 
demanding performance criteria based upon 
significant share price increases. On 21 November 
2014, he exercised 200,000 options granted in May 
2012.

Peter Mountford resigned as a Director of the 
Company with effect from 23 September 2014. Of 
the 11,033,000 share options that he held, 8,033,000 
were forfeited. The balance remains exercisable.

Richard Jones resigned as a Director of the 
Company with effect from 3 November 2014. Of the 
9,345,887 share options that he held, 5,668,473 were 
forfeited. The balance remains exercisable.

On 26 January 2015, Jonathan Satchell sold 
3,000,000 shares and on the same day Leslie-
Ann Reed acquired 750,000 shares and Neil Elton 
acquired 160,000 shares in the Company.

On 26 January 2015, the Company granted to 
Neil Elton 1,000,000 new EMI share options over 
the Company’s shares at an exercise price of 
19.000 pence per share. The vesting of the new 
share options are subject to the achievement of 
demanding performance criteria based upon 
significant share price increases.

On 29 September 2015, Dale Solomon exercised 
240,000 options granted in May 2012. On the 
same day Harry Hill acquired 165,000 shares and 
Jonathan Satchell disposed of 3,175,000 shares in 
the Company.

On 30 September 2015, Harry Hill acquired 13,000 
shares in the Company.

On 29 January 2016 Jonathan Satchell disposed of 
1,750,000 shares in the Company.

The aggregate gain made by Directors on the 
exercise of options in the year amounted to £50,000 
(2014: £31,000).

See Note 22 for further details on share option plans.  

56  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

8. Income tax

Current tax expense:

- UK Current Tax on profits for the year

- Adjustments in respect to prior years

- Foreign Current Tax on profits for the year

Total current tax

Deferred tax (Note 17):

- Origination and reversal of temporary differences

- Adjustments in respect to prior years

Total deferred tax

Income tax expense

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

546

(169)

56

433

(341)

28

(313)

120

176

-

38

214

(210)

31

(179)

35

A reconciliation of income tax expense applicable to the loss before taxation at the statutory tax rate to the 
income tax expense at the effective tax rate of the Group is as follows: 

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

Profit / (loss) before taxation

Tax calculated at domestic tax rates applicable to  
profits in respective countries:

Tax effects of:

Income not subject to tax

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

Joint venture results reported net of tax

Re-measurement of deferred tax - change in  
Share option value

Difference of deferred rate and current tax rate

Adjustments in respect to prior years

1,549

332

(70)

121

13

(138)

3

(141)

(127)

(35)

(60)

54

44

-

1

31

120                      

35                      

The weighted average statutory applicable tax rate was 21.43% (2014: 27.70%). The decrease in the weighted 
average statutory applicable tax rate reflects a relative increase in profits generated in the UK which are subject 
to lower rates of tax than in the US.

Deferred tax directly credited to equity amounted to £362,000 (2014: £356,000).

 plc Annual Report 2015  57

9. Earnings per share

Basic profit/loss per share

Diluted profit/loss per share

Adjusted basic earnings per share

Adjusted diluted earnings per share

31 Dec 2015
Pence

31 Dec 2014
Pence

0.382

0.357

0.809

0.756

(0.049)

(0.049)

0.393

0.375

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the 
profit/loss after tax attributable to the equity holders 
of the Group by the weighted average number of 
shares in issue during the year. 

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting 
the weighted average number of shares outstanding 
to assume conversion of all potential dilutive shares, 
namely share options. 

In order to give a better understanding of the 
underlying operating performance of the Group, 
an adjusted earnings per share comparative has 
been included. Adjusted earnings per share is stated 
after adjusting the profit/(loss) after tax attributable to 
equity holders of the Group for certain charges as set 
out in the following table below. 

58  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

The calculation of earnings per share is based on the following earnings and number of shares.

Profit after 
tax £’000

2015  
Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares
‘000

Pence per 
share

(Loss)/Profit 
after tax
£’000

2014  
Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares
‘000

Pence per 
share

1,429

373,505

0.382

(162)

332,027

(0.049)

1,203

776

99

234

(198)

(12)

195

120

2,417

3,846

(824)

570

583

325

296

-

(4)

162

35

-

-

-

0.647

-

1,967

1,805

(0.220)

(500)

-

-

-

0.592

-

(0.150)

3,022

373,505

0.809

1,305

332,027

0.393

Basic earnings per  
ordinary share

Effect of adjustments:

Amortisation of acquired 
intangibles

Share based payment costs

Integration costs

Cost of acquisitions

Fair value movement on 
contingent consideration

Interest receivable

Finance expense

Income tax expense

Effect of adjustments

Adjusted profit before tax

Adjusted weighted tax 
charge 21.43% (27.70%)

Adjusted basic earnings  
per ordinary share

Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares:

Share options

-

26,406

(0.053)

-

16,063

(0.018)

Adjusted diluted earnings 
per ordinary share

3,022

399,911

0.756

1,305

348,090

0.375

 plc Annual Report 2015  59

10. Property, plant and equipment

Computer 
equipment
£’000

Fixtures and 
fittings
£’000

Leasehold 
improvements
£’000

Cost

At 1 January 2014

Additions on acquisitions

Additions

Foreign exchange differences

At 31 December 2014

Additions on acquisitions

Additions

Foreign exchange differences

At 31 December 2015

Accumulated Depreciation

At 1 January  2014

Charge for the year 

At 31 December 2014

Charge for the year

At 31 December 2015

Net book value

At 31 December 2014

At 31 December 2015

867

101

114

6

1,088

48

160

-

1,296

718

102

820

135

955

268

341

201

22

3

-

226

21

58

-

305

111

54

165

62

227

61

78

90

13

1

-

104

117

14

-

235

79

15

94

17

111

10

124

Total
£’000

1,158

136

118

6

1,418

186

232

-

1,836

908

171

1,079

214

1,293

339

543

60  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

11. Intangible assets

Cost

At 1 January 2014

Additions

At 31 December 2014

Additions on acquisition

Additions

At 31 December 2015 

Accumulated amortisation

At 1 January 2014

Amortisation charged in year

At 31 December 2014

Amortisation charged in year

At 31 December 2015

Carrying amount

At 31 December 2014

At 31 December 2015

Goodwill
£’000

Customer 
contracts and 
relationships
£’000

Branding
£’000

IP and 
Software 
development
£’000

-

9,615

9,615

-

4,637

14,252

-

-

-

-

-

9,615

14,252

-

1,880

1,880

-

4,411

6,291

-

546

546

1,063

1,609

1,334

4,682

-

180

180

-

248

428

-

24

24

140

164

156

264

Total
£’000

367

11,873

12,240

252

9,606

367

198

565

252

310

1,127

22,098

217

89

306

216

522

259

605

217

659

876

1,419

2,295

11,364

19,803

 plc Annual Report 2015  61

Goodwill and acquisition-related intangible assets 
recognised have arisen from acquisitions.  Refer to 
Note 29 for further details of acquisitions undertaken 
during the year.  IP and software development 
reflects the recognition of development work 
undertaken in-house.

CGU

LEO

Preloaded

Eukleia

Goodwill
£’000

7,435

2,180

4,637

14,252

The Group tests goodwill annually for impairment or 
more frequently if there are indications that goodwill 
might be impaired. The recoverable amounts of 
the CGUs are determined from value in use. The 
key assumptions for the value in use calculations 
are those regarding the discount rates, growth rates 
and future operating margins. The Group monitors its 
pre-tax Weighted Average Cost of Capital and those 
of its competitors using market data. In considering 
the discount rates applying to CGUs, the Directors 
have considered the relative sizes, risks and the inter-
dependencies of its CGUs. The impairment reviews 
use a discount rate adjusted for pre-tax cash flows. 
The Group prepares cash flow forecasts derived 
from the most recent financial plan approved by 
the Board and extrapolates revenues, net margins 
and cash flows for the following four years based 
on forecast growth rates of the CGUs. Cash flows 
beyond this five-year period are also considered in 
assessing the need for any impairment provisions. 
The growth rates are based on internal growth 
forecasts of between 8% and 9% for the first five 
years. The terminal rate used for the value in use 
calculation thereafter is 2.25%.

No reasonably possible change in a key assumption 
would produce a significant movement in the 
carrying value of goodwill allocated to a CGU and 
therefore no sensitivity analysis is presented.

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is 
allocated, at acquisition, to the cash generating 
units (‘CGUs’) that are expected to benefit from that 
business combination. The Group has three CGUs.  
Following the acquisition of LINE and its merger 
with Epic in July 2014, to form LEO, management 
have determined that LEO represents one CGU. The 
carrying amount of goodwill has been allocated as 
follows: 

Growth rate
%

Pre-tax discount rate
%

8%

9%

9%

11.0%

12.5%

12.5%

Customer contracts, relationships and 
branding

These intangible assets include the Group’s 
aggregate amounts spent on the acquisition of 
industry-specific knowledge, software technology, 
branding and customer relationships. These 
assets arose from acquisition as part of business 
combinations.

The fair value of these assets is determined by 
discounting estimated future net cash flows 
generated by the asset where no active market for 
the assets exists. 

The cost of these intangible assets is amortised over 
the estimated useful life of each separate asset of 
between two and five years. 

IP and software development 

IP and software development costs principally 
comprise expenditure incurred on major software 
development projects and the production of generic 
e-learning content where it is reasonably anticipated 
that the costs will be recovered through future 
commercial activity.

Capitalised development costs are amortised over 
the estimated useful life of between three and five 
years.

62  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

12. Investments accounted for using the equity method

Investment in joint venture:

 Cost of investment

 Share of accumulated losses

 Foreign exchange differences

The movements in joint venture investments is as follows:

Balance at beginning of year

Share of losses for the year

Investment during the year

Foreign exchange differences

Joint venture

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

274

(271)

(3)

-

228

(209)

(3)

16

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

16

(62)

46

-

-

-

(160)

179

(3)

16

The Group acquired a 50% interest in LEO Brasil Tecnologia Educaional Ltda (‘LEO Brazil’) in November 2011, for a 
total consideration of 150,000 Brazilian Real (BRL); equivalent to approximately £49,000.

In the year ended 31 December 2014, the Group invested an additional capital sum of BRL 748,000 
(approximately £179,000) alongside that of the other party to the joint venture.

In the year ended 31 December 2015, the Group invested an additional capital sum of BRL 232,000 
(approximately £46,000) alongside that of the other party to the joint venture.

The joint venture has share capital consisting solely of ordinary shares, which are held directly by the Group. The 
nature of the investment at 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2015 is listed below.

 plc Annual Report 2015  63

Name of entity

Country of registration  
or incorporation

Principal
activity

Percentage of Ordinary 
Shares held by Group

LEO Brasil Tecnologia
Educacional Ltda (formerly 
Epic Brasil Tecnologia
Educacional Ltda)

Brazil

Bespoke e-learning

50%

The joint venture is a private company and there is no quoted market price available for its shares. The 
accounting reference date of the joint venture is coterminous with that of the Company.

There are no contingent liabilities or commitments relating to the Group’s interest in the joint venture.

Summarised financial information for the joint venture

Set out below is summarised financial information for LEO Brazil which is accounted for using the equity method. 
The information reflects the amounts presented in the Financial Statements of the joint venture adjusted for 
differences in accounting policies between the Group and the joint venture where appropriate, and not the 
Group’s share of those amounts.

Summarised statement of financial position:

Non-current assets

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Other current assets

Total current assets

Current liabilities

Other current liabilities (including trade payables)

Net (liabilities) / assets

31 December
2015
£’000

31 December
2014
£’000

29

4

178

182

(302)

(302)

(91)

51

7

207

214

(232)

(232)

33

64  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Summarised statement of comprehensive income:

Revenue

Depreciation and amortisation

Loss from continuing operations

Income tax expense / release

(Loss) for the year

Other comprehensive (expense) / income 

Total comprehensive (loss) for the year

Year ended  
31 Dec 2015
£’000

Year ended  
31 Dec 2014
£’000

629

(9)

(215)

-

(215)

-

(215)

776

(11)

(251)

-

(251)

-

(251)

Where the Group’s share of losses in a joint venture exceeds its interests in the joint venture, the Group does not 
recognise further losses as it has no further obligation to make payments on behalf of the joint venture. Such 
losses not recognised in the year ended 31 December 2015 totalled £46,000 (year ended 31 December 2014: 
£nil).

Reconciliation of summarised financial information:

Opening net assets/(liabilities) at 1 January

(Loss) for the year

Issue of share capital or capital contribution

Foreign exchange differences

Closing net (liabilities)/assets at 31 December 

Interest in joint venture at 50%

Unrecognised losses

Carrying value

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

33

(215)

92

(1)

(91)

(46)

46

-

(62)

(251)

323

23

33

16

-

16

 plc Annual Report 2015  65

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

4,241

(40)

4,201

10

30

-

40

2,772

(10)

2,762

10

-

-

10

13. Trade receivables

Trade receivables

Allowance for impairment losses

Impairment losses:

At 1 January

Additions

Amounts written-back 

At 31 December

The Group’s normal trade credit term is 30 days. Other credit terms are assessed and approved on a case-by-
case basis.

The fair value of trade receivables approximates their carrying amount, as the impact of discounting is not 
significant. No interest has been charged to date on overdue receivables.

14. Other receivables, deposits and prepayments

Sundry receivables

Prepayments 

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

38

516

554

12

325

337

66  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

15. Amount recoverable on contracts

Amount recoverable on contracts

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

1,853

1,853

1,806

1,806

16. Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following:

Cash and bank balances

17. Deferred tax assets/(liabilities)

Deferred tax assets

At 1 January

Acquisition of subsidiaries

Deferred tax charge directly to the income statement

Deferred tax charge directly to equity

At 31 December

Deferred tax liabilities

At 1 January

Deferred tax on acquired intangibles and via acquisition

Deferred tax charge directly to the income statement

At 31 December

31 Dec 2015 
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

7,305

4,358                

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

618

-

49

362

1,029

1

69

192

356

618

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

(446)

(1,000)

264

(1,182)

-

(433)

(13)

(446)

 plc Annual Report 2015  67

The deferred tax balances relate to temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and their carrying amounts in the Financial Statements. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is 
probable that the future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax assets to be recovered. An analysis of deferred 
tax assets and liabilities is as follows:

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax on share options

Temporary differences

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax on intangible assets

Temporary differences

Deferred tax liabilities

18. Trade and other payables

Trade payables

Payments received on account

Tax and social security

Contingent consideration

Accruals and others

31 Dec 2015 
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

1,029

-

1,029

548

70

618

31 Dec 2015 
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

(996)

(186)

(1,182)

(313)

(133)

(446)

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

814

1,858

1,140

405

1,618

5,835

546

1,505

672

1,290

819

4,832

The contingent consideration relates wholly to the acquisition of Preloaded Limited.

68  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

19. Other long-term liabilities

Contingent consideration

31 Dec 20154
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

2,382

2,382

1,512

1,512

Of the contingent consideration balance, £430,000 relates to Preloaded Limited and is payable over the period 
2017 to 2019.  The balancing contingent consideration balance of £1,952,000 relates to the acquisition of Eukleia 
Training Limited.  Further details are provided in Note 29.

20. Provisions

Property costs

At 1 January – brought forward

Paid in the year

Addition via acquisition

Addition 

At 31 December 

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

49

-

50

-

99

30

-

-

19

49

The provision relates to the Group’s share of dilapidation costs in respect of costs to be incurred at 
the end of property leases. 

 plc Annual Report 2015  69

Number of 
shares

Share capital
£’000

Share 
premium
£’000

Total
£’000

354,495,446

1,329

13,098

14,427

35,714,286

134

-

-

26

-

17

7,366

(257)

1,474

40

118

7,500

(257)

1,500

40

135

21. Share capital

Shares were issued during the year as follows:

At 1 January 2015

Placing of shares

Issuance costs

Issue of shares to acquire Eukleia Training Limited

6,818,182

Sale of Treasury shares

-

Shares issued on the exercise of options

4,651,903

At 31 December 2015

401,679,817

1,506

21,839

23,345

The par value of all shares is £0.00375. All shares in issue were allotted, called up and fully paid.

On 31 July 2015, the Company announced that 
it had agreed to acquire the entire issued share 
capital of Eukleia Training Limited (’Eukleia’). The 
cash element of the acquisition consideration was 
funded from part of the proceeds of the placing of 
35,714,286 new shares in the Company to raise £7.5 
million at 21 pence per share. A further 6,818,182 
new shares were issued in the Company in part 
consideration of the acquisition of Eukleia.  Further 
details are provided in Note 29.

4,651,903 ordinary shares were issued during the 
course of the year as a result of the exercise of 
employee share options. 

On 3 March 2015 the Group incorporated Learning 
Technologies Group (Trustee) Limited, a wholly owned 
subsidiary of the Company.  The purpose of the 
company is to act as an Employee Benefit Trust (‘EBT’) 
for the benefit of current and previous employees of 
the Group. During the year the EBT received 604,340 
existing shares in the Company for nominal value 
and sold 200,000 shares for a net gain of £40,000.  
At 31 December 2015 the EBT holds 404,340 ordinary 
shares in the Company.  These shares are held in 
treasury.

70  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

22. Share-based payment transactions

The Group operates an Approved and Unapproved share option plan and Sharesave option scheme.  The 
Group’s share-based payment arrangements are summarised below.

(a) Share option plans 

As part of its strategy for executive and key employee 
remuneration, on Admission to AIM the Company 
established a Share Option Scheme under which 
share options may be granted to officers and 
employees or members of the Group. Under the 
rules of the Share Option Scheme, the Company 
may grant EMI options and/or unapproved options.  
Prior to the reverse takeover by LTG in November 
2013, Epic Group Limited ran their own share option 
scheme. Option holders in this plan either exercised 
their options or modified them into share options in 

the new scheme, such that they had a neutral effect 
on the option holders immediately before and after 
the amendment of the options.  

There is no limit on the number of shares, or the 
percentage of issued share capital, that can be 
used by the Company for share options. The rules of 
the Share Option Scheme do not comply with the 
ABI’s guidelines on policies and practices in respect 
of executive remuneration.

Number of 
options

Year ended 
31 Dec 2015 
Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

Approved share option plan - Enterprise Management Incentive (‘EMI’):

At 1 January

Options granted by Company

Forfeited

Exercised during the year

At 31 December

25,248,910

4,928,370

(1,400,000)

(4,327,366)

24,449,914

6.530

20.839

18.321

2.809

9.397

Number of 
options

24,240,723

6,000,000

(3,633,861)

(1,357,952)

25,248,910

Year ended
31 Dec 2014
Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

3.790

17.060

5.880

5.880

6.530

EMI options are granted to employees of the Group and vesting criteria are subject to challenging 
performance targets such as share price growth or other criteria such as annual sales. Except where agreed 
by the Board options, will lapse if an option holder ceases to be an employee of the Group. All EMI options 
are settled by equity.

 plc Annual Report 2015  71

 Unapproved share option plan:

At 1 January

Granted by Company

Forfeited

Exercised during the year

At 31 December

Number of 
options

2015 Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

16,402,452

1,409,901

(125,000)

(275,000)

17,412,353

5.688

22.413

1.882

1.882

7.130

Number of 
options

4,070,269

22,787,747

(10,455,564)

-

16,402,452

2014 Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

5.106

5.880

5.880

-

5.688

EMI options are granted to employees of the Group 
and vesting criteria are subject to challenging 
performance targets such as share price growth or 
other criteria such as annual sales.  Except where 
agreed by the Board options will lapse if an option 
holder ceases to be an employee of the Group. All 
EMI options are settled by equity.

(b) Sharesave option scheme

The Company established the 2014 and 2015 
Learning Technologies Group plc Sharesave Scheme 
in April 2014 and April 2015 respectively. The scheme 
enables UK permanent employees of the Group to 
buy shares in the Company at a discount on maturity 
of a three-year savings contract, unless they are 
made redundant, in which case they can exercise 
their options, at the time of redundancy. The savings 
are held with the Yorkshire Building Society.

Each member of the scheme may save a fixed 
amount of up to £500 per month for three years 
at the end of which period, each employee may 
buy shares at a fixed price of 16.25 and 18.8 pence 
per share respectively (the ‘Option Price’), being a 
discount of 20% on the share price as of 28 April 
2014 and 24 April 2015 respectively. At the end of 
three years, an employee may either opt to buy 
shares at the Option Price or take the savings in cash.

72  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

 Sharesave Option Scheme:

At 1 January

Granted by Company

Forfeited

Exercised during the year

At 31 December

Number of 
options

2015 Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

3,987,857

573,500

(596,783)

(49,537)

3,915,037

16.25

18.800

16.414

16.250

16.599

Number of 
options

-

5,042,363

(1,054,506)

-

2014 Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

-

16.250

16.250

-

3,987,857

16.250

At 31 December 2014, options granted to subscribe for Ordinary Shares of the Company, and the valuation 
criteria are as follows:

 plc Annual Report 2015  73

Number of shares under option

Date of 
grant

Approved

Unapproved
scheme

Sharesave 
Scheme

Exercise 
Price
(pence)

Remaining 
vesting 
period

Fair value 
of options 
(pence)

Life (years)

Volatility

May 2012

5,790,582

Jun 2013

1,931,824

Nov 2013

7,399,138

-

-

-

Feb 2014

Feb 2014

Feb 2014

-

-

-

8,001,226

4,000,613

4,000,613

Mar 2014

400,000

Mar 2014

400,000

Mar 2014

400,000

Mar 2014

400,000

Apr 2014

-

Nov 2014

650,000

Nov 2014

250,000

Nov 2014

900,000

Nov 2014

900,000

Nov 2014

900,000

Jan 2015

500,000

Jan 2015

250,000

Jan 2015

250,000

Apr 2015

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dec 2015

200,000

200,000

Dec 2015

675,000

200,000

Dec 2015

675,000

200,000

Dec 2015

588,271

200,000

Dec 2015

200,000

Dec 2015

200,000

-

-

Dec 2015

590,099

609,901

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.882

2.718

5.880

5.880

5.880

5.880

-

-

-

Feb 2017

Feb 2017

Feb 2017

15.500

Mar 2015

15.500

Dec 2015

15.500

Dec 2016

15.500

Dec 2017

3,379,834

16.250

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

17.625

17.625

17.625

17.625

17.625

19.000

19.000

19.000

Nov 2015

Jan 2016

Jan 2017

Jan 2018

Jan 2019

Jan 2016

Jan 2016

Jan 2016

535,203

18.800

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20.250

Jan 2017

20.250

Jan 2018

20.250

Jan 2019

20.250

Jan 2020

25.250

Dec 2017

25.250

Dec 2018

25.250

Dec 2019

Totals

24,449,914

17,412,353

3,915,037

12.52

11.96

10.46

4.91

3.28

2.40

8.76

8.76

8.76

8.76

7.57

9.96

9.96

9.96

9.96

9.96

8.81

3.35

2.59

9.47

4.22

5.77

6.95

7.94

6.71

8.18

9.40

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

3

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

3

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

45%

74  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

The expense and equity reserve arising from share-
based payment transactions recognised in the 
year ended 31 December 2015 was £776,000 (year 
ended 31 December 2014: £583,000).

The weighted average share price at the date of 
exercise of options under the EMI Share Option 
Scheme was £0.2376.

The weighted average share price at the date of 
exercise of options under the Unapproved Scheme 
was £0.20.

The weighted average share price at the date of 
exercise of options under the Sharesave Scheme was 
£0.2185.

The number of options that are exercisable at 31 
December 2015 is 9,528,897 (2014: 13,256,263)

An option-holder has no voting or dividend rights in 
the Company before the exercise of a Share option.

The weighted average share price of the options 
granted during the year of the EMI Option Scheme 
was £0.1991 (2014: £0.170) and estimated fair value 
of each share option granted was £0.07234 (2014: 
£0.0964).

The weighted average share price of the options 
granted during the year in the Unapproved Share 
Option Scheme was £0.2075 (2014: £0.180) and the 
estimated fair value of each share option granted 
was £0.0622 (2014: £0.03875).

The weighted average share price at grant date of 
the Sharesave Scheme was £0.234 (2014:£0.195) and 
the estimated fair value of each share option was 
£0.0947 (2014:£0.0757). It is assumed that 75% of 
members will remain in the Group after three years.

A 1.78% (2014: 1.78%) risk-free interest rate has been 
assumed for all three schemes.

This estimated fair value was calculated by applying 
a Black-Scholes option pricing model. In the 
absence of a liquid market for the share capital of 
the Group, the expected volatility of its share price 
is difficult to calculate. Therefore the Directors have 
considered the expected volatility used by listed 
entities in similar operating environments to calculate 
the expected volatility.

 plc Annual Report 2015  75

23. Subsidiaries of the Group

The principal subsidiaries of the Group, all of which are private companies limited by shares, as at 31 December 
2015 are as follows:

Country  
of registration  
or incorporation

Principal
activity

Percentage of
Ordinary Shares
held by Company

Epic Group Limited

England and Wales

Holding company

gomo Learning Limited

England and Wales

Mobile e-learning

Leo Learning Limited 

England and Wales

     Bespoke e-learning

Leo Learning Ag (formerly 
Line Communications Ag)

Switzerland

     Bespoke e-learning

Leo Learning Inc

USA

     Bespoke e-learning

Preloaded Limited

England and Wales

     Educational Games

Learning Technologies 
Group (Trustee) Limited

England and Wales

     Employee Benefit Trust

Eukleia Training Limited

England and Wales

     Bespoke e-learning

Line Communications 
Holdings Limited 

Line Communications 
Group Limited 

England and Wales

     Dormant

England and Wales

     Dormant

Line Learning Limited

England and Wales

     Dormant

Line On-Line Limited

England and Wales

     Dormant

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

The accounting reference date of each of the subsidiaries is coterminous with that of the Company.

76  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

24. Reserves

The share premium account represents the amount 
received on the issue of ordinary shares by the 
Company in excess of their nominal value and is 
non-distributable.

The merger relief reserve arose on the acquisition 
of Leo Learning Limited (formerly Epic Performance 
Improvement Limited) by Epic Group Limited in 
1996, and the Company’s reverse acquisition of Epic 
Group Limited.

The reverse acquisition reserve was created in 
accordance with IFRS3 ‘Business Combinations’. 
The reserve arises due to the elimination of the 
Company’s investment in Epic Group Limited. Since 
the shareholders of Epic Group Limited became 

25. Related party transactions

Amount owing to joint venture:

Current

Trade balances

the majority shareholders of the enlarged group, 
the acquisition is accounted for as though there 
is a continuation of the legal subsidiary’s Financial 
Statements. In reverse acquisition accounting, the 
business combination’s costs are deemed to have 
been incurred by the legal subsidiary.

The share-based payment reserve arises from the 
requirement to value share options in existence at 
the grant date (see Note 22).

The translation reserve represents cumulative foreign 
exchange differences arising from the translation of 
the Financial Statements of foreign subsidiaries and is 
not distributable by way of dividends.

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

2

-

The amounts due to related parties were unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand.

Balances and transactions between the Company 
and its subsidiaries are eliminated on consolidation 
and are not disclosed in this Note. Balances and 
transactions between the Group and other related 
parties are disclosed below.

Remuneration of Directors and other 
transactions

During the year there were no material transactions 
between the Company and the Directors, other than 
their emoluments (disclosed in Note 7).  The Directors 

of the Company are considered to be the key 
management personnel of the entity.

During the normal course of business, the Group 
purchased translation and accommodation services 
from RWS Group Limited totalling £286,000 in the 
year ended 31 December 2015 (2014: £185,000). 
Andrew Brode is the Chairman of RWS Group Limited. 
The amount due/accrued to RWS Group Limited at 
31 December 2015 was £57,000 (31 December 2014: 
£35,000). These balances are included in trade and 
other payables (refer to Note 18). 

 
 plc Annual Report 2015  77

Transactions with joint venture

In the year ended 31 December 2015, the Group 
invested an additional capital sum of 232,000 BRL 
(approximately £46,000) in its joint venture, LEO Brazil, 
alongside that of the other party to the joint venture. 

26. Dividends paid   

Final dividend paid

Interim dividend paid 

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

248

200

448

-

107

107

On 30 October 2015, the Company paid an interim dividend of 0.05 pence per share (2014: 0.03 pence per 
share). The Directors propose to pay a final dividend of 0.10 pence per share for the year ended 31 December 
2015, equating to a total payout in respect of the year of 0.15 pence per share (2014: 0.10 pence per share). The 
final dividend paid in 2015 relates to the year ending 31 December 2014.

27. Financial instruments

The Group’s activities are exposed to a variety of 
market risk (including foreign currency risk, interest 
rate risk and equity price risk), credit risk and liquidity 
risk. The Group’s overall financial risk management 
policy focuses on the unpredictability of financial 
markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse 
effects on its financial performance. 

(a) Financial risk management policies

The Group’s policies in respect of the major areas of 
treasury activity are as follows:

(i) Market risk

(i) Foreign currency risk 

The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk on 
transactions and balances that are denominated in 

currencies other than Pounds Sterling. The currencies 
giving rise to this risk are primarily the United States 
Dollar, Swiss Franc, Euro and the Brazilian Real. 
Foreign currency risk is monitored closely on an 
ongoing basis to ensure that the net exposure is at 
an acceptable level. 

The Group maintains a natural hedge whenever 
possible, by matching the cash inflows (revenue 
stream) and cash outflows used for purposes such as 
capital and operational expenditure in the respective 
currencies.

78  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

The carrying amounts of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities at the end  
of year were as follows:

31 December 2015

Financial assets

Financial liabilities

31 December 2014

Financial assets

Financial liabilities

United States
Dollar
£’000

Brazilian
Real
£’000

Euro
£’000

Swiss
Francs
£’000

906

195

1,078

238

-

-

16

-

108

-

19

-

46

-

70

193

Total
£’000

1,060

195

1,183

431

Foreign currency risk sensitivity analysis

The following table details the sensitivity analysis to possible changes in the relative values of foreign currencies to 
which the Group is exposed as at the end of each year, with all other variables held constant:

Effects on profit after taxation/equity

United States Dollar

 - Strengthened by 10%

 - Weakened by 10%

Brazilian Real

 - Strengthened by 10%

 - Weakened by 10%

Euro

 - Strengthened by 10%

 - Weakened by 10%

Swiss Franc

 - Strengthened by 10%

 - Weakened by 10%

31 Dec 2015
increase/(decrease) 
£’000

31 Dec 2014
increase/(decrease) 
£’000

71

(71)

-

-

11

(11)

5

(5)

84

(84)

15

(15)

2

(2)

12

(12)

 plc Annual Report 2015  79

(ii) Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or 
future cash flows of a financial instrument will 
fluctuate because of changes in market interest 
rates. 

Interest rate risk sensitivity analysis 

As the Group has no third party borrowings, a 
100 basis points strengthening/weakening of the 
interest rate as at the end of each year would have 
immaterial impact on profit after taxation and/or 
equity. This assumes that all other variables remain 
constant.

(ii) Credit risk

  The Group’s exposure to credit risk, or the risk of 

counterparties defaulting, arises mainly from trade 
and other receivables. The Group manages its 
exposure to credit risk by the application of credit 
approvals, credit limits and monitoring procedures 
on an ongoing basis. For other financial assets 
(including cash and bank balances), the Group 
minimises credit risk by dealing exclusively with 
high credit rating counterparties.

  The Group establishes an allowance for 

impairment that represents its estimate of 

incurred losses in respect of the trade and 
other receivables as appropriate. The main 
components of this allowance are a specific loss 
component that relates to individually significant 
exposures, and a collective loss component 
established for groups of similar assets in 
respect of losses that have been incurred but 
not yet identified. Impairment is estimated by 
management based on prior experience and the 
current economic environment.

Credit risk concentration profile

Apart from one customer, which constituted 
approximately 12% at 31 December 2015 (2014: 
14%) of the Group’s trade receivables at that 
date, the Group did not have significant credit risk 
exposure to any single counterparty or any group 
of counterparties having similar characteristics. The 
Group defines major credit risk as exposure to a 
concentration exceeding 10% of a total class of such 
asset.

Exposure to credit risk

As the Group does not hold any collateral, the 
maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by 
the carrying amount of the financial assets as at the 
end of each reporting period.

The exposure of credit risk for trade receivables by geographical region is as follows:

United Kingdom

United States

Europe

Allowance for impairment losses

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

3,645

2,463

482

114

(40)

291

18

(10)

4,201

2,762

80  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Ageing analysis

The ageing analysis of the Group’s trade receivables is as follows:

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

2,751

1,246

1,279

211

4,241

1,287

239

2,772

(b) Capital risk management

The Group defines capital as the total equity of 
the Group attributable to the owners of the parent 
Company and net funds. The Group’s objectives 
when managing capital are to safeguard its ability 
to continue as a going concern in order to provide 
returns for shareholders and benefits for other 
stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital 
structure to reduce the cost of capital and to provide 
funds for merger and acquisition activity.

During 2015, the Group undertook a share placing 
of £7.5 million primarily in order to part finance the 
acquisition of Eukleia Training Limited. The Group has 
no external debt finance and is not subject to any 
external capital requirements.

The Company made dividend distributions of 
0.12 pence per share during the year ended 31 
December 2015 (2014: 0.03 pence per share). 

Total equity increased from £14.4 million to £25.5 
million during the year and net funds increased from 
£4.4 million to £7.3 million.

Not past due

Past due:

- Less than three months

- Three to six months

Gross amount

Trade receivables that are individually impaired were 
those in significant financial difficulties and have 
defaulted on payments. These receivables are not 
secured by any collateral or credit enhancement.

Collective impairment allowances are determined 
based on estimated irrecoverable amounts from 
the sale of goods, determined by reference to 
experience of past defaults.

Trade receivables that are past due but not 
impaired

The Group believes that no impairment allowance is 
necessary in respect of these trade receivables. They 
are substantial companies with good collection track 
record and no recent history of default. 

(iii) Liquidity risk

  Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be 

able to meet its financial obligations as they fall 
due. The Group’s exposure to liquidity risk arises 
primarily from mismatches of the maturities of 
financial assets and liabilities.

  The Group maintains a level of cash and 

cash equivalents and bank facilities deemed 
adequate by management to ensure, as far as 
possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet 
its liabilities when they fall due. All Current Liabilities 
are repayable within one year.

 plc Annual Report 2015  81

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

4,201

1,854

7,305

13,360

2,787

2,787

3,572

2

3,574

2,762

1,806

4,358

8,926

2,802

2,802

3,542

-

3,542

(c) Classification of financial instruments

Financial assets

Loans and receivables financial assets

Trade receivables

Amounts recoverable on contracts

Cash and bank balances

Financial liabilities

Fair value through the profit and loss:

Contingent consideration

At amortised cost

Trade and other payables

Amount owing to related parties

(d) Fair values of financial instruments

The financial assets and financial liabilities maturing 
within the next 12 months approximate their fair 
values due to the relatively short-term maturity of the 
financial instruments.

The group holds certain financial instruments on the 
statement of financial position at their fair value. The 
following table provides an analysis of those that 
are measured subsequent to initial recognition at 
fair value through profit or loss, grouped into levels 1 
to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is 
observable.

• Level 1 - Fair value measurements are those 

derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active 
markets for identical assets or liabilities:

• Level 2 - Fair value measurements are those 
derived from inputs other than quoted prices 
included in level 1 that are observable for the 
asset or liability, either directly or indirectly (derived 
from prices), and

• Level 3 - Fair value measurements are those 
derived from the valuation techniques that 
include inputs for the asset or liability that are not 
based on observable market data (unobservable 
inputs). The fair value of the contingent 
consideration is calculated using earnout metrics 
and related actual and forecast results. 

There have been no transfers between these 
categories in the current or preceding year.

82  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

2015

Contingent consideration

2014

Contingent consideration

Level 1
£’000

Level 2
£’000

Level 3
£’000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,787

2,787

2,802

2,802

Total
£’000

2,787

2,787

2,802

2,802

28. Commitments

The Group had no material capital commitments contracted but not provided for in the Financial Statements.  
Operating lease payments represent rental payable by the Group for its office properties.

The amounts of minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Operating leases which are due:

Within one year

In the second to fifth years inclusive

Over five years

31 Dec 2015
land and
buildings
£’000

31 Dec 2014
land and
buildings
£’000

473

704

616

1,793

312

455

-

767

 plc Annual Report 2015  83

29. Acquisitions

Eukleia Training Limited

On 31 July 2015, the Company acquired 100% of 
the issued share capital of Eukleia Training Limited 
(’Eukleia’), a provider of e-learning services to the 
financial services sector. 

The initial consideration comprised £6,822,000 cash, 
and £1,500,000 in newly issued LTG shares.

Further performance based payments, capped at 
£3,500,000 are payable on the achievement of 
demanding revenue growth targets in each of the 
years ending 31 December 2016 and 2017. Of this 
contingent consideration up to £3,150,000 is payable 
to the vendors of Eukleia.

Of the potential contingent consideration payable 
to the vendors of Eukleia, £1,872,000 has been 
recognised as a cost of acquisition, reflecting the 
discounted value of future estimated payments over 
the next 2 years.  A finance expense of £80,000 in 
the year reflects the prorated finance charge for 
the discounted element of the contingent deferred 

consideration, discounted at 10%.  Together these 
liabilities of £1,872,000 are held on the balance sheet 
under long-term liabilities (see Note 19).  Contingent 
consideration to vendors is payable in cash with LTG 
having the option to settle 25% of the consideration 
in LTG shares. 

The remaining £350,000 of contingent consideration 
is payable to Eukleia staff, the earnout criteria 
being aligned with the same revenue targets as the 
vendors.  This earnout bonus will be charged to the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income as the benefit 
accrues and does not form part of the capitalised 
consideration.

Acquisition costs of £234,000 were expensed in the 
year.

The following table summarises the consideration 
paid for Eukleia, the fair value of assets acquired and 
liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.

Consideration

Cash

Equity instruments (6,818,182 ordinary shares)

Contingent consideration due in 2017 

Contingent consideration due in 2018

Total consideration

Fair value 
£’000

6,822

1,500

819

1,053

10,194

84  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Recognised amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed

Book value 
£’000

Fair value 
£’000

Cash and cash equivalents

Property, plant and equipment

Internally generated intangible assets

Gross trade and other receivables

Trade and other payables

Amount recoverable on contracts

Corporation tax

Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities on acquisition

Intangible assets identified on acquisition

Total identifiable net assets

Goodwill

Total

1,204

186

252

1,608

(1,330)

(14)

(8)

(68)

-

-

1,830

1,204

186

252

1,608

(1,330)

(14)

(8)

(68)

(932)

4,659

5,557

4,637

10,194

The goodwill arising is attributable to the acquired 
workforce, anticipated future profit from expansion 
opportunities and synergies of the business. Fair 
value adjustments have been recognised for 
acquisition-related intangible assets and related 
deferred tax and in alignment with accounting 
policies.

Acquisition related intangible assets of £4.4 million 
relate to the valuation of the customer relationships 
which are amortised over a period of five years and 
£0.3 million which relates to the value of the Eukleia 
brand and is amortised over five years.

A deferred tax liability of £0.9 million in respect of the 
acquisition-related intangible assets was established 
on acquisition (refer to Note 17). None of the goodwill 
is expected to be deductible for income tax 
purposes.

Goodwill arising from the acquisition has been 

allocated to the Eukleia CGU.

Eukleia contributed £2.5 million of revenue for the 

period between the date of acquisition and the 

balance sheet date and £0.4 million of profit before 

tax. If the acquisition of Eukleia had been completed 

on the first day of the financial year, Group revenues 

would have been £3.7 million higher and group profit 

attributable to equity holders of the parent would 

have been £0.5 million higher.

Details regarding the strategic decision to acquire 

Eukleia can be found in the Chairman’s statement 

and Strategic report on pages 4 and 9 respectively. 

 plc Annual Report 2015  85

30. Events since the reporting date

On 29 January 2016, LTG acquired the entire issued 
share capital of Rustici Software LLC (‘Rustici’), 
the global market leader in digital learning 
interoperability for an initial consideration of USD 
26.0 million of which USD 20.0 million was paid in 
cash and USD 6.0 million in newly issued LTG shares.  
Cash consideration was adjusted to take account of 
surplus cash in Rustici at completion.

Further performance based payments, capped at 
USD 11.0 million, are payable to Rustici vendors and 
key employees based on ambitious revenue growth 
targets in each of the years ending 31 December 
2016, 2017 and 2018, payable with up to 25% in new 
LTG shares at the option of the Company, and the 
remainder in cash.

On an estimated equivalent basis to LTG’s 
accounting policies under IFRS, Rustici generated 
unaudited revenues of USD 6.6 million and EBITDA of 
USD 2.7 million in the year-ended 31 December 2015.

It is anticipated that there will be Goodwill arising on 
the acquisition. 

On 29 January 2016, LTG also invested USD 3.0 million 
in cash in Watershed Systems Inc (‘Watershed’), the 
developer of the next generation learning analytics 
platform.  Following an additional investment of USD 
1.0 million by Launch Tennessee, a public-private 
partnership, LTG’s investment represents 27.3% of the 
share capital of the company.  Watershed will be 
accounted for as an associate.

The above transactions were part funded by a USD 
20.0 million term loan provided by Barclays Bank plc.  
The loan is amortised over 5 years and repayable 
in quarterly instalments with a final bullet payment 
in January 2019.  Interest is payable based on USD 
LIBOR, plus a 2.0% margin and the loan is subject to 
various financial covenants.

 plc Annual Report 2015  86

COMPANY  
FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS

 plc Annual Report 2015  87

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (Registered number: 07176993)
As at 31 December 2015

Note

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

Fixed assets

Investment in subsidiaries

Current assets

Debtors

Cash and bank balances

Creditors

Amounts falling due within one year

Net current assets

Total assets less current liabilities

Creditors

Amounts falling due after more than one year

Net assets

Capital and reserves

Share capital

Share premium account

Share based payments reserve

Retained profits 

4

5

9

10

8

8

8

28,431

28,431

733

418

1,151

858

858

293

28,724

2,382

26,342

1,506

21,799

1,555

1,482

26,342

17,482

17,482

2,158

31

2,189

1,393

1,393

796

18,278

1,498

16,780

1,329

13,098

847

1,506

16,780

The Notes on pages 90 to 98 form an integral part of these Financial Statements. 

The Financial Statements on pages 87 to 98 were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 29 March 2016 and 
were signed on its behalf by:

Neil Elton

Group Finance Director

88  

 plc Annual Report 2015

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the year ended 31 December 2015

Note

Share capital 
£’000

Share 
premium
£’000

Share based 
payments 
reserve
£’000

At 1 January 2014

1,034

1,159

547

Profit for the 
year

Other 
comprehensive 
income

Total 
comprehensive 
income for the 
period

-

-

-

Issue of shares

7

295

Costs of issuing 
shares

Payment of 
dividends

Share based 
payment charge 
credited to 
equity

Transfer on 
exercise and 
lapse of options

Transactions with 
owners

At 31 December 2014

12

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12,211

(272)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

583

(283)

300

847

295

1,329

11,939

13,098

Retained
profits
£’000

(441)

2,054

Total
£’000 

2,299

2,054

-

-

2,054

2,054

-

-

(107)

-

-

(107)

1,506

12,506

(272)

(107)

583

(283)

12,427

16,780

 plc Annual Report 2015  89

Retained
profits
£’000

1,506

2,054

Total
£’000 

16,780

2,054

-

-

424

424

-

-

(448)

-

-

9,135

(257)

(448)

776

(68)

(448)

9,138

Note

Share capital 
£’000

Share 
premium
£’000

Share based 
payments 
reserve
£’000

At 31 December 2014

1,329

13,098

847

Profit for the 
year

Other 
comprehensive 
income

Total 
comprehensive 
income for the 
period

-

-

-

Issue of shares

7

177

-

-

-

-

12

Costs of issuing 
shares

Payment of 
dividends

Share based 
payment charge 
credited to 
equity

Transfer on 
exercise and 
lapse of options

Transactions with 
owners

At 31 December 
2015

-

-

-

8,958

(257)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

776

(68)

708

177

8,701

1,506

21,799

1,555

1,482

26,342

90  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 December 2015

1. General information

The Company is a public limited company, 
which is listed on the AIM Market of the London 
Stock Exchange and domiciled in England and 
incorporated and registered in England and Wales. 
The address of its registered office is 52 Old Steine, 
Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 1NH. The registered number 
of the Company is 07176993.

2. Summary of significant accounting 
policies

(a) Basis of preparation

The Company’s Financial Statements have been 
prepared in accordance with applicable law and 
accounting standards in the United Kingdom and 
under the historical cost accounting rules (Generally 
Accepted Accounting Practice in the United 
Kingdom). 

The Company’s Financial Statements were previously 
prepared in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by 
the European Union (IFRSs as adopted by the EU), 
IFRIC interpretations and the Companies Act 2006 
applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. 
Following the Company’s acquisition of Epic Group 
Limited in November 2013, the Directors have 
continued to apply IFRS in the preparation of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Group but 
adopted Generally Accepted Accounting Practice 
in the United Kingdom for the preparation of the 
Company’s Financial Statements. This change has 
had an impact on share premium whereby the 
reverse acquisition of Epic Group Limited has been 
accounted for at par value with no share premium. 
Under IFRS the acquisition is accounted for at the fair 
value of the consideration paid as described in Note 
2 (a) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Directors have assessed the Company’s ability to 
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable 
future in accordance with the FRC Going Concern 
and Liquidity Risk guidance (October 2009). It is 
considered appropriate to continue to prepare the 
Financial Statements on a going concern basis.  

These financial statements have been prepared 
in accordance with applicable United Kingdom 
accounting standards, including Financial Reporting 
Standard 102 – ‘The Financial Reporting Standard 
applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic 
of Ireland’ (‘FRS 102’), and with the Companies 
Act 2006. The financial statements have been 
prepared on the historical cost basis except for the 
modification to a fair value basis for certain financial 
instruments as specified in the accounting policies 
below.

This is the first year in which the financial statements 
have been prepared under FRS 102. Refer to Note 14 
for an explanation of the transition.

The Company has taken advantage of Section 408 
of the Companies Act 2006 and has not included a 
Profit and Loss account in these separate Financial 
Statements. The profit attributable to members of the 
Company for the year ended 31 December 2015 is 
£424,000 (year ended 31 December 2014: profit of 
£2,054,000).

The company has taken advantage of the following 
disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial 
statements, as permitted by FRS 102 “The Financial 
Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and 
Republic of Ireland”:

• the requirements of Section 7 Statement of Cash 

Flows

• the requirements of Section 11 Financial 

Instruments 

(b) Revenue recognition

Revenue is stated net of Value Added Tax and net 
of any applicable discounts or rebates. Revenue is 
recognised for the rendering of services when all the 
following conditions are satisfied:

• The amount of revenue can be measured reliably

• It is probable that the economic benefits 

associated with the transaction will flow to the 
Company.

 plc Annual Report 2015  91

(c) Interest revenue

Interest revenue is accrued on a time basis, by 
reference to the principal outstanding and the 
effective interest rate.

(d) Fixed asset investments

Fixed asset investments in Group undertakings are 
carried at cost less any provision for impairment. 

constructive obligations to pay further amounts 
if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay 
all employees the benefits relating to employee 
service in the current and prior years. The Company’s 
contributions to defined contribution plans are 
recognised in profit or loss in the year to which they 
relate.

(i) Related parties

(e) Foreign currencies

A party is related to the Company if:

Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded 
using the rate of exchange ruling at the date of 
the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are translated 
using the contracted rate or the rate of exchange 
ruling at the balance sheet date and the gains or 
losses on translation are included in the profit and 
loss account.

(f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand, 
bank balances, deposits with financial institutions 
and short-term, highly liquid investments that are 
readily convertible to known amounts of cash and 
which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in 
value.

(g) Income taxes

The charge for taxation is based on the profit/
loss for the year and takes into account taxation 
deferred because of timing differences between 
the treatment of certain items for taxation and 
accounting purposes.

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing 
differences between the treatment of certain items 
for taxation and accounting purposes which have 
arisen but not reversed by the balance sheet date.

(h) Pensions

Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under 
which the Company pays fixed contributions into 
a separate entity. The Company has no legal or 

(i) Directly, or indirectly through one or more 
intermediaries, the party: 

• Controls, is controlled by, or is under common 

control with, the Company (this includes 
parents, subsidiaries and fellow subsidiaries);

• Has an interest in the Company that gives it 
significant influence over the Company; or

• Has joint control over the Company;

(ii) The party is an associate of the Company;

(iii) The party is a joint venture in which the 
Company is a venturer;

(iv) The party is a member of the key 
management personnel of the Company or its 
parent;

(v) The party is a close member of the family of 
any individual referred to in (i) or (iv);

(vi) The party is an entity that is controlled, jointly 
controlled or significantly influenced by, or for 
which significant voting power in such entity 
resides with, directly or indirectly, any individual 
referred to in (iv) or (v); or

(vii) The party is a post-employment benefit plan 
for the benefit of employees of the entity, or of 
any entity that is a related party of the entity.

Close members of the family of an individual are 
those family members who may be expected to 
influence, or be influenced by, that individual in their 
dealings with the Company.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

(j)  Share-based payment arrangements   

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees 
and others providing similar services are measured 
at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant 
date. Details regarding the determination of the fair 
value of equity-settled share-based transactions 
are set out in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the 
equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on 
a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based 
on the entity’s estimate of equity instruments that 
will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase 
in equity. At the end of each reporting period, the 
entity revises its estimate of the number of equity 
instruments expected to vest. The impact of the 
revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised 
in profit or loss such that the cumulative expense 
reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding 
adjustment to other reserves. 

3. Segment reporting

The principal activity of the Company is that of 
a holding company for the Group, as well as 
performing all administrative, corporate finance, 
strategic and governance functions of the Group. 
The Directors consider this to constitute one 
reportable segment.

 plc Annual Report 2015  93

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

17,482

10,949

-

28,431

-

-

-

3,901

13,581

-

17,482

-

-

-

28,431

17,482

4. Investment in subsidiaries

Cost

At 1 January

Additions

Disposals

At 31 December

Amortisation/impairment:

At 1 January

Provision for impairment

Disposals

At 31 December

Net Book Value

Details of the Company’s acquisitions during the year ended 31 December 2015 are set out in Note 29 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries as at 31 December 2015 are set out in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

94  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

5. Debtors

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings

Deferred tax asset (see Note 6)

Other debtors

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
 £’000

602

53

78

733

2,079

35

44

2,158

Deferred tax includes £53,000 (2014: £35,000) falling due after more than one year.

6. Deferred tax assets

At 1 January

Deferred tax credit on share options in issue

7. Share capital

Details of the Company’s authorised, called-up and 
fully paid share capital are set out in Note 21 to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

The ordinary shares of the Company carry one 
vote per share and an equal right to any dividends 
declared.

8. Reserves

The share-based payment reserve arises from the 
requirement to value share options in existence at 
the fair value at the date they are granted. 

The share premium account represents the amount 
received on the issue of ordinary shares by the 
Company in excess of their nominal value and 

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
 £’000

35

18

53

-

35

35

is non-distributable. In relation to the Company’s 
reverse acquisition of Epic Group Limited (‘Epic’), 
as the Company secured more than a 90% equity 
holding in Epic on terms that the consideration for 
the shares allotted was provided for the transfer to 
the Company of equity shares in Epic, section 610 
of the Companies Act 2006 does not apply to the 
premium on those shares. Accordingly, the share 
issue has been accounted for at par value with no 
share premium.

 plc Annual Report 2015  95

9. Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Trade creditors

Contingent consideration

Other creditors and accruals

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
 £’000

6

405

447

858

16

1,290

87

1,393

Details of the Company’s contingent consideration as at 31 December 2015 are set out in Notes 18 and 19 to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

10. Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year

Contingent consideration

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014 
£’000

2,382

1,498

The interest expense relating to the movement in present value of contingent consideration in the year ending 31 
December 2015 amounted to £195,000 (2014: £162,000).

11. Related party transactions

The only key management personnel of the Company are the Directors. Details of their remuneration are 
contained in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following transactions with subsidiaries occurred in the year:

Opening amount due from related parties

Amounts (repaid)/advanced by/from related parties

Closing amount due from related parties

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
 £’000

2,079

(1,477)

602

(1,573)

3,652

2,079

The amounts owing to/from related parties are unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand.

96  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

12. Share-based payments

Details of the group share based plans are contained in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The company operates an Approved share option plan. The company’s share-based payment arrangements 
are summarised below.

Number of 
options

2015 Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

Number of 
options

2014 Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

Approved share option plan - Enterprise Management Incentive (‘EMI’):

At 31 December

3,000,000

5.88

3,000,000

5.88

At 31 December 2015, options granted to subscribe for ordinary shares of the Company, and the valuation 
criteria are as follows:

Date of grant

Approved
Scheme

Exercise Price
(pence)

Remaining 
vesting 
period

Fair value 
of options 
(pence)

Life (years)

Volatility

Nov 2013

Totals

3,000,000

5.88

Nov 2016

10.46

10

45%

3,000,000

An option-holder has no voting or dividend rights in 
the Company before the exercise of a share option.

The number of options that are exercisable at 31 
December 2015 is nil (2014: Nil).

No options were granted, forfeited, expired or 
exercised during the year (2014: nil)

A 1.78% (2014: 1.78%) risk-free interest rate has been 
assumed for all three schemes.

This estimated fair value was calculated by applying 
a Black-Scholes option pricing model. In the 
absence of a liquid market for the share capital of 
the Group, the expected volatility of its share price 
is difficult to calculate. Therefore the Directors have 
considered the expected volatility used by listed 
entities in similar operating environments to calculate 
the expected volatility.

Share based payments which were expensed in 
the entity and taken to equity in the year ended 31 
December 2015, amounted to £135,000 (year ended 
31 December 2014: £nil). The remaining difference 
between the share based payments which were 
expensed as per Note 22 and the entity, relate to the 
options over the Company’s share capital held by 
employees of subsidiaries.

 plc Annual Report 2015  97

13. Dividends paid

Final dividend paid

Interim dividend paid 

31 Dec 2015
£’000

31 Dec 2014
£’000

248

200

448

-

107

107

14. Subsequent events

Disclosures in relation to events subsequent to 31 December 2015 are shown in Note 30 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

98  

 plc Annual Report 2015

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2015

15. Transition to FRS 102

The company has adopted FRS 102 for the year ended 2015 and has restated the comparative prior year 
amounts. 

Transition to FRS 102 – reconciliations

Note 1. During the year, management reviewed the deferred tax asset that relates to the future tax relief  

 available on the exercise of share options that is recognised in the entity, and concluded that it should   
 be recognised in the subsidiary where the tax relief will be realised.

Restated company statement of financial position: 

Original shareholders’ funds

Reallocation of deferred  tax of share based options

Note 1

Restated shareholders’ funds

Restated company profit and loss for the year ended 31 December 2014:

Original profit on ordinary activities before tax

Original tax on ordinary activities

Reallocation of deferred  tax of share based options

Note 1

Restated profit for the financial year

Apart from the above change there were no further material differences.

31 Dec
2014
£’000

16,937

(157)

16,780

1 Jan
2014
£’000

2,299

-

2,299

£’000

2,019

192

(157)

35

2,054

 
  
 
 plc Annual Report 2015  99

COMPANY INFORMATION

Directors

Andrew Brode
Non-executive Chairman

Harry Hill
Non-executive Deputy Chairman

Jonathan Satchell
Chief Executive Officer

Neil Elton
Group Finance Director

Piers Lea
Chief Strategy Officer

Dale Solomon
Chief Operating Officer

Leslie-Ann Reed
Non-executive Director

Company Secretary
Neil Elton

Company number
07176993

Registered address
52 Old Steine 
Brighton 
East Sussex 
BN1 1NH

Independent auditors

Crowe Clark Whitehill LLP 
St Bride’s House 
10 Salisbury Square 
London  
EC4Y 8EH

Nominated adviser and broker

Numis Securities Limited

10 Paternoster Square 
London 
EC4M 7LT

Legal advisers

DWF LLP

Bridgewater Place 
Water Lane 
Leeds  
LS11 5DY

Registrars

Computershare Investor Services plc

The Pavilions 
Bridgewater Road 
Bristol 
BS13 8AE

Principal bankers

Barclays Bank plc

1 Churchill Place 
London  
E14 5HP

Communications consultancy

Hudson Sandler Limited 

29 Cloth Fair 
London  
EC1A 7NN

UK

London

Brighton

Sheffield

Brazil

Rio de Janeiro

Sao Paulo

USA

New York

Nashville

Europe

Zürich

learning
technologies
group

ltgplc.com