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Li-S Energy Limited

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FY2020 Annual Report · Li-S Energy Limited
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LI-S ENERGY LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT 2020 

 
 
 
 
2020 FINANCIAL REPORT 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Directors’ Report 

Auditor’s Independence Declaration 

Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 

Statement of Financial Position 

Statement of Cash Flows 

Statement of Changes in Equity 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

Directors’ Declaration 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

1 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

25 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT 

The directors of Li-S Energy Limited (“Li-S Energy” or the “Company”) present their report together with the financial statements of the 
Company for the financial period from incorporation on 12 July 2019 to 30 June 2020. 

DIRECTORS 

The following persons were Directors in office at any time during or since the beginning of the financial year: 

Glenn Molloy 
Robin Levison 
Anthony McDonald 
Greg Pullen 

INFORMATION ON DIRECTORS      

Details of the current Directors’ and experience are detailed below: 

Glenn Molloy (Age 65) 
Appointed as Executive Chairman on 12 July 2019. 

Member of the PPK Group Limited Board since listing on 21 December 1994. 

Chairman of the PPK Group Limited Audit Committee since 14 August 2017. 

Founder of the former entity Plaspak Pty Limited in 1979, appointed Executive Director in September 2009. 

Glenn Molloy founded the former entity Plaspak Pty Ltd in 1979 and has acted as a director of PPK since that time. He has extensive 
experience  on  public  company  boards,  and  in  advising  publicly  listed  and  private  entities  on  commercial  aspects  of  mergers, 
acquisitions and divestment activities. He is a Non-Executive Director of PPK’s associated unlisted company 3D Dental Technology 
Limited and is Chairman of BNNT Technology Limited. 

Robin Levison CA MBA FAICD (Age 62) 

Appointed as a Non-Executive Independent Director on 12 July 2019. 

Member of the PPK Group Limited Board since 22 October 2013, alternative member of the BNNT Technology Limited Board since 
28 February 2019, member of the Craig International Ballistics Pty Ltd Board since 16 December 2019 and member of the 3D Dental 
Technology Limited Board since 5 March 2020. 
Member of the PPK Group Limited Audit Committee 14 August 2017, resigned 25 January 2018. 
Executive Chairman from 22 October 2013 to 29 April 2015 and re-appointed from 28 February 2016. 
Non-Executive Chairman from 29 April 2015 to 28 February 2016. 
Non-executive Director and Chairman of Founders First Limited. 

Robin Levison has 19 years of public company management and board experience. During this time, he has served as Managing 
Director at Industrea Limited and Spectrum Resources Limited and has held senior roles at KPMG, Barclays Bank and Merrill Lynch.   
Robin  holds  a  Master  of  Business  Administration  from  the  University  of  Queensland,  is  a  Member  of  the  Institute  of  Chartered 
Accountants Australia and NZ and is a Graduate and Fellow of Australian Institute of Company Directors. Robin recently retired as 
Chair of the University of Queensland Business, Economics and Law Alumni Ambassador Council.  

Anthony John McDonald LL.B, (Age 62) 

Appointed as a Non-Executive Independent Director on 12 July 2019. 

Member of the PPK Group Limited Board since 13 September 2017. 
Member of the PPK Group Limited Audit Committee since 25 January 2018. 

Tony McDonald graduated with a Bachelor of Laws from the Queensland University of Technology in 1981 and was admitted as a 
solicitor in 1981.  He has been involved in the natural resource sector for many years both within Australia and internationally and for 
the past 18 years has held senior management roles in this sector.  He is a Director of Santana Minerals Limited. 

1 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gregory Pullen PhD MBA GAICD (Age 64)   
Appointed as a Non-Executive Independent Director on 26 March 2020. 

Senior Manager Commercialisation and Translation, Deakin University  
Greg heads the team responsible for assessing and protecting novel Intellectual Property, developing commercialisation plans and 
finding partners for these new technologies. He holds a PhD in Immunology from Monash University, an MBA from Deakin University, 
and is a Graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors. He is currently a Director on three other company boards – Athena 
Medicines Limited, FLAIM Systems Limited and BNNT Technology Limited. 

Greg has worked for several universities in licensing and technology development roles, and has significant business development 
experience in the medical devices, pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. Greg has worked for major Australian companies such 
as CSL, where he was a member of the commercial team that licensed the Gardasil HPV vaccine to Merck, as well as several listed 
biotechnology companies and the Australian subsidiaries of international diagnostic and medical device companies. 

INFORMATION ON COMPANY SECRETARY      

Ken Hostland CA/CPA (Canada), MBA (Age 62) 

Appointed Company Secretary on 12 July 2019. 

Ken has experience as a company secretary for public and private companies and has been appointed Chief Financial Officer of the 
Company. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 

Li-S Energy Limited (Li-S Energy) was incorporated on 12 July 2019 as one of the initial application projects identified in the Joint Venture 
Research Agreement with Deakin University and announced by PPK Group Limited on 16 October 2019. The principal activity of Li-S 
Energy is to develop and commercialise a new type of battery based on Lithium Sulphur (Li-S) and using boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) 
as both an integrated protective insulation layer and a component in composite anodes which will allow faster charging rates, greater 
energy capacity and increased battery cycle life.  

This project has been under research at Deakin University for some 6 years and Deakin University has a patent pending titled “Flexible 
Lithium-Sulfur Batteries”. Li-S Energy has the exclusive global license to commercialise products using the patent for a period of twenty 
years. Li-S Energy has a two year Research and Development agreement with Deakin University to provide the resources and support to 
develop the Li-S battery using BNNT as the enabler and an agreement with PPK Aust. Pty Ltd (PPK Aust.) to source the financing for the 
development and commercialisation of the Li-S battery. 

During the year, the main focus has been on obtaining the financing for the project and continuing the ongoing development work by 
Deakin University.  Funding has been obtained, initially by PPK Aust. through shareholder loans to Li-S Energy and then a $3,250,000 
capital raising from sophisticated investors. 

The Company had no employees in the financial year and the activities undertaken were performed by the Directors or employees of 
the shareholder companies. 

There have been no other significant changes in the nature of these activities during the year. 

REVIEW OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL RESULTS 

The Company had a loss of $35,148, which was after administration and finance costs of $71,368, primarily for incorporation and 
legal costs and a foreign exchange gain on its investment in Zeta Energy LLC. The Company also incurred $428,080 for Deakin 
University’s development costs on the Li-S project, which have been capitalised as an intangible, and $93,851 for equipment that has 
been purchased and is recoverable from Deakin University under the Research and Development agreement. Li-S Energy has also 
purchased equipment to be used by Deakin University exclusively for the Li-S project and this will be leased to Deakin University in 
lieu of charging for cost of the premises where the project is being undertaken and has been recognised as a prepaid lease cost. 

On 16 June 2020, Li-S Energy acquired an economic interest in Zeta Energy LLC,  a Delaware limited liability company that is in a 
pre-IPO period, by issuing 2.0% of Li-S Energy’s share capital (pre Li-S Energy’s capital raise) to Zeta Energy LLC and receiving 2.0% of 
the non-voting limited liability economic interest in Zeta Energy LLC (pre-IPO capital raise). Li-S Energy made a further cash investment 
of $500,000 in the company for a total investment of circa 2.2416% of Zeta Energy LLC. Zeta Energy LLC was valued at 
USD70,000,000, prior to its capital raise, thus the investment by Li-S Energy is valued at USD1,730,000. 

Zeta Energy LLC  is developing and commercialising battery technology developed at Rice University in Houston, Texas and has an 
exclusive license to seven US and foreign patents and approximately 30 pending patents.  The battery being developed uses a hybrid 
anode created from graphene and carbon nanotubes. Zeta Energy LLC is in the prototype development stage, within the next years 
would have built a low volume pilot facility and within the next 2 years would expect to have commercial sales.  

2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Li-S Energy commenced a capital raising in May 2020 of $3,250,000 to issue 5,000,000 shares to sophisticated shareholders at $0.65 
per share which was completed in June 2020 and the shares were issued in July 2020. After costs to raise capital of $220,000, the 
net funds of $3,030,000 were used to repay the loan to PPK Aust. of $1,033,109, the loan to BNNT Technology Limited of $152,009 
for the purchase of equipment and the remaining funds to finance ongoing development work and early commercialisation of the  Li-
S battery products. 

Li-S Energy has also entered into an agreement with BNNT Technology Limited to purchase up to 100 grams of BNNT, at $1,000 per 
gram before the price can be negotiated, for development of the Li-S battery. 

Li-S battery development has been impacted by COVID-19 with Deakin University having to restrict access to campus buildings and 
staff required to work from home. Directors are of the understanding that completion dates of the project will be adjusted to recognise 
the impact of COVID-19. 

On 30 June 2020, Li-S Energy became a public company. 

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE STATE OF AFFAIRS 

There have been no significant changes in the state of affairs. 

DIVIDENDS  

No dividends were declared or paid during the year. 

MATTERS SUBSEQUENT TO THE END OF THE FINANCIAL YEAR 

The Company’s main operations are at Deakin University’s campus located at Geelong, Victoria. To slow the spread of COVID-19 in 
Victoria,  the  Victorian  government  imposed  Stage  4  restrictions  for  metropolitan  Melbourne  from  2  August  2020  and  Stage  3 
restrictions for regional Victoria from 5 August 2020, which includes Geelong.  

Deakin University has had its own restrictions with access to campus by staff, students and visitors restricted to help maintain health 
and safety protocols, with staff and visitor access reviewed case-by-case. As a result, limits have been placed on the number of staff 
and contractors permitted in the workspace at one time.  We are however continuing with the installation of new equipment during 
this time whilst adhering to these restrictions. It is unknown whether stricter restrictions will be imposed and what the impact of these 
would be on the operations of the Company. 

The Company issued 5,000,000 ordinary shares to sophisticated investors on 15 July 2020 for which the funds of $3,250,000 had 
been received prior to the financial year end, were held in trust, and are disclosed as an equity reserve on the statement of financial 
position. 

There have been no other matter or circumstance that has arisen since the end of the financial year which is not otherwise dealt with 
in this report or in the Financial Statements that has significantly affected or may significantly affect the operations of the Company, 
the results of those operations or the state of affairs of the Company in subsequent financial years. 

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS  

The company intends to develop and commercialise Li-S battery products. 

OPTIONS AND UNISSUED SHARES 

There were no options issued or unissued shares during the financial year. 

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 

BNNT is committed to: 
▪ 
▪  minimising the consumption of resources utilised by its operations.  

the effective management of environmental issues having the potential to impact on its business; and 

The Company has otherwise complied with all government legislation and regulations with respect to disposal of waste and other materials 
and has not received any notices of breach of environmental laws and/or regulations.  

REMUNERATION REPORT (audited) 

The Directors are considered to the be the key management personnel and did not receive any remuneration during the year. 

3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS 

The number of meetings of Directors held during the year and the number of meetings attended by each Director is as follows: 

DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS 

Number 

Number 

Eligible to attend 

Attended 

4 

4 

4 

1 

4 

4 

4 

1 

G Molloy 

R Levison 

A McDonald 

G Pullen 

PROCEEDINGS ON BEHALF OF COMPANY 

No person has applied for leave of the Court under section 237 of the Corporations Act 2001 for leave to bring proceedings on 
behalf of the Company, or to intervene in any proceedings to which the Company is a party, for the purpose of taking responsibility 
on behalf of the Company for all or any part of those proceedings. 

DIRECTORS’ INDEMNIFICATION 

The Company has not, during or since the end of financial year, except to the extent permitted by law, indemnified or agreed to 
indemnify any current or former officer of the Company against a liability incurred as such by an officer.  The Company did not have 
any insurance premiums paid during the reporting period. 

AUDITOR’S INDEMNIFICATION 

To the extent permitted by law, the Company has agreed to indemnify its auditors, Ernst & Young Australia, as part of the terms of its 
audit engagement agreement against claims by third parties arising from the audit (for an unspecified amount). No payment has been 
made to indemnify Ernst & Young during or since the financial year. 

AUDITORS INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION 

A copy of the Auditor’s Independence Declaration as required  under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) for the year 
ended 30 June 2020 and a copy of this declaration forms part of this Directors’ Report.  

Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors. 

GLENN MOLLOY  
Executive Chairman 

Brisbane, 26 August 2020 

ROBIN LEVISON  
Non-Executive Independent Director 

4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ernst & Young 
111 Eagle Street 
Brisbane  QLD  4000 Australia 
GPO Box 7878 Brisbane  QLD  4001 

  Tel: +61 7 3011 3333 
Fax: +61 7 3011 3100 
ey.com/au 

Auditor’s Independence Declaration to the Directors of LI-S Energy 
Limited 

As lead auditor for the audit of the financial report of LI-S Energy Limited for the financial year ended 
30 June 2020, I declare to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been: 

a)  no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 in 

relation to the audit; and   

b)  no contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit. 

Ernst & Young 

Brad Tozer 
Partner 
26 August 2020 

A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited 
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation 

5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
for the period from incorporation to 30 June 2020 

Revenue from contracts with customers 

Cost of sales 

GROSS PROFIT 
Administration expenses 

Finance costs 

Foreign exchange gain (loss) on financial assets at fair 
value through the profit or loss 

LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE 

Income tax (expense) benefit attributable to profit     

LOSS AFTER INCOME TAX EXPENSE 

LOSS IS ATTRIBUTED TO: 

Owners of Li-S Energy Limited 

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
Items that may be re-classified to profit or loss 

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) NET OF 
INCOME TAX 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE 
YEAR 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE 
YEAR IS ATTRIBUTABLE TO: 

Owners of Li-S Energy Limited 

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements 

Notes  

5 

2020 
$ 
- 

- 

- 
(62,330) 

(9,038) 

36,220  

(35,148) 

- 

(35,148) 

(35,148) 

- 

- 

(35,148) 

(35,148) 

6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
As at 30 June 2020 

CURRENT ASSETS 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 
Other current assets 

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 

NON-CURRENT ASSETS 
Intangible assets 
Investment 
Other non-current assets 

TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS 

TOTAL ASSETS 
CURRENT LIABILITIES 

Trade and other payables 
Interest bearing loans 
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

NET ASSETS  

EQUITY 

Contributed equity 

Share premium reserve 

Equity reserve 

Retained earnings (accumulated losses) 

Capital and reserves attributable to owners of Li-S Energy Limited 

TOTAL EQUITY  

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements  

Notes  

9 
10 
11 

12 
13 
11 

14 
15 

16 

17 

17 

2020 

$ 

3,036,100 
116,524 
37,347 

3,189,971  

428,080 
2,547,136 
37,348 

3,012,564 

6,202,535 

11,549 
1,185,118 
1,196,667 

1,196,667 

5,005,868 

663,366 

1,347,650 

3,030,000 

(35,148) 

5,005,868 

5,005,868 

7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
for the period from incorporation to 30 June 2020 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Cash payments to suppliers 

BAS received 

Notes  

2020 

$ 

(251,538) 

500 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 

4 

(251,038) 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Payments for purchases of intangibles 

Purchase of investment  

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Proceeds from other borrowings 

Proceeds from capital raise at incorporation 

Proceeds from capital raise - Australia 

Payment of transaction costs for issued share capital - Australia 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 

Net increase (decrease) in cash held 

Cash at the beginning of the financial year 

Cash at the end of the financial year 

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements  

(419,042) 

(500,000) 

(919,042) 

1,176,080 

100 

3,250,000 

(220,000) 

4,206,180 

3,036,100 

- 

3,036,100 

16.1 

16.3 

16.3 

4.2 

9 

8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
for the period from incorporation to 30 June 2020 

ENTITY 

As at 16 July 2019 

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year 

Profit (loss) for the year 

Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year 

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year 

Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners 

Issue of share capital 

Issue of share capital on purchase of investment 

Notes 

16.1, 17 

16.1, 17 

Contributed 
Equity 

$ 

- 

- 

- 
- 

100 

Share 
Premium 
Reserve 
$ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

$ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,030,000 

663,266 

1,347,650 

- 

Equity 
Reserve 

Accumulated 
Losses 

Total Attributable 
to Owners of Li-S 
Energy Ltd 
$ 

- 

Total Equity 

$ 

- 

(35,148) 

(35,148) 

- 

- 

(35,148) 

(35,148) 

3,030,100 

2,010,916 

- 

3,030,100 

2,010,916 

- 

$ 

- 

(35,148) 

- 

(35,148) 

- 

- 

- 

Total transactions with owners in their capacity as owners 

663,366 

1,347,650 

3,030,000 

At 30 June 2020 

663,366 

1,347,650 

3,030,000 

(35,148) 

5,005,868 

5,005,868 

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements  

9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
for the year ended 30 June 2020 

NOTE 1  CORPORATE INFORMATION  

The  financial  statements  of  Li-S Energy  Limited  (“Li-S Energy”  or “the  Company”)  for  the year  ended  30  June  2020  were  authorised for  issue  in 
accordance with a resolution of the Directors on 26 August 2020 as required by the Corporation Act 2001. 

Li-S Energy is a for-profit public company limited by shares, incorporated and domiciled in Australia.  

Li-S  Energy  Limited  (Li-S  Energy)  was  incorporated  on  16  July  2019  as  one  of  the  initial  application  projects  identified  in  the  Joint  Venture  Research 
Agreement  with  Deakin  University and  announced  by PPK  Group  Limited  on  16  October  2019. The  principal  activity  of  Li-S  Energy  is  to develop  and 
commercialise a new type of battery based on Lithium Sulphur (Li-S) and using boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) as both an integrated protective insulation 
layer and a component in composite anodes which will allow faster charging rates and increased battery cycle life.  

NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

2.1 Basis of Preparation and Statement of Compliance 

These general purpose financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001, 
Australian Accounting Standards and other authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting Standards Board.  Compliance with Australian 
Accounting Standards results in full compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board. 

The financial statements have been prepared on an accruals basis and are based on historical costs, except for plant and equipment and intangible 
assets which are measured at the lower of carrying amounts and fair value, less costs to sell, and impairment is recognised when the fair value of the 
asset is less than the historical cost.  

2.2 New and revised standards that are effective for these financial statements 

The Company applied AASB 16 Leases for the first time. Several other amendments and interpretations apply for the first time for the year ending 30 
June 2020, but do not have an impact on the Company.  The Company has not early adopted any standards, interpretations or amendments that have 
been issued but are not yet effective. 

AASB 16 Leases 

AASB 16 Leases supersedes AASB 117 Leases and Interpretation 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease sets out the principles 
for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for most leases under a single on-balance 
sheet method. 

The Company adopted AASB 16 with the date of initial application of 16 July 2019, the date the Company was incorporated. 

The Company has no leases. 

AASB Interpretation 23 Uncertainty Over Income Tax Treatments 

AASB Interpretation 23 addresses the accounting for income taxes when tax treatments involve uncertainty that affects the application of AASB 12 
Income Taxes. It does not apply to taxes or levies outside the scope of AASB 12, nor does it specifically include requirements relating to interest and 
penalties associated with uncertain tax treatments. The Interpretation specifically addresses the following: 

•  Whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatments separately; 
• 
• 
• 

The assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities; 
How an entity determines taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates; 
How an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances. 

The Company determines whether to consider each uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments 
and uses the approach that better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty. 

The Company applies significant judgement in identifying uncertainties over income tax treatments.  

Upon adoption of the Interpretation, the Company considers the Interpretation did not have an impact on the financial statements.. 

AASB 2017-7 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures 

The amendments clarify that an entity applies AASB 9 to long-term interests in an associate or joint venture to which the equity method is not applied 
but that, in substance, form part of the net investment in the associate or joint venture (long-term interests). This clarification is relevant because it 
implies that the expected credit loss model in AASB 9 applies to such long-term interests. 

The  amendments  also  clarified  that,  in  applying  AASB  9,  an  entity  does  not  take  account  of  any  losses  of  the  associate  or  joint  venture,  or  any 
impairment losses on the net investment, recognised as adjustments to the net investment in the associate or joint venture that arise from applying 
AASB 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures. 

These amendments had no impact on the financial statements as the Company does not have any long-term interests in associates and joint ventures. 

10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Amendments to AASB 3 Business Combinations 

The  amendments  clarify  that,  when  an  entity  obtains  control  of  a  business  that  is  a  joint  operation,  it  applies  the  requirements  for  a  business 
combination achieved in stages, including remeasuring previously held interests in the assets and liabilities of the joint operation at fair value. In doing 
so, the acquirer remeasures its entire previously held interest in that joint operation. 

An entity applies those amendments to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting 
period beginning on or after 1 July 2019. 

These amendments had no impact on the financial statements of the Company as there is no transaction where joint control was obtained in stages. 

Amendments to AASB 11 Joint Arrangements 

A party that participates in, but does not have joint control might obtain joint control of the joint operation in which the  activity of the joint operation 
constitutes a business as defined in AASB 3. The amendments clarify that the previously held interests in that joint operation are not remeasured. 

An  entity  applies  these  amendments  to  transactions  in  which  it  obtains  joint  control  on  or  after  the  beginning  of  the  first  annual  reporting  period 
beginning on or after 1 July 2019. 

These amendments had no impact on the financial statements of the Company as there is no transaction where the Company participated in a joint 
operation where subsequently joint control was obtained. 

Amendments to AASB 112 Income Taxes 

The  amendments  clarify  that  the  income  tax  consequences  of  dividends  are  linked  more  directly  to  past  transactions  or  events  that  generated 
distributable profits than to distributions to owners. Therefore, an entity recognises the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other 
comprehensive income or equity according to where it originally recognised those past transactions or events. 

An entity applies the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 July 2019.  When the entity first applies those amendments, it 
applies them to the income tax consequences of dividends recognised on or after the beginning of the earliest comparative period. 

Since the Company’s current practice is in line with these amendments, the had no impact on the financial statements of the Company. 

Amendments to AASB 123 Borrowing Costs 

The  amendments  clarify  that  an  entity  treats  as  part  of  general  borrowings  any  borrowing  originally  made  to  develop  a  qualifying  asset  when 
substantially all of the activities necessary to prepare that asset for its intended use or sale are complete. 

The entity applies the amendments to borrowing costs incurred on or after the beginning of the annual reporting period in which the entity first applies 
those amendments. An entity applies those amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 July 2019. 

Since the Company’s current practice is in line with these amendments, they had no impact on the financial statements of the Company. 

2.3 New and revised standards that are issued but not effective for these financial statements 

AASB 2014–10 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards  – Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint 
Venture 

The amendments address a current inconsistency between AASB 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and AASB 128 Investments in Associates 
or Joint Ventures. 

The amendments clarify that, on a sale or contribution of assets to a joint venture or associate or on loss of control or significant influence is retained 
in a transaction involving and associate or joint venture, any gain or loss recognised will depend on whether the assets or subsidiary constitute a 
business, whereas gain or loss attributable to other investors’ interests is recognised when the assets or subsidiary do not constitute a business. 

This amendment effectively introduces an exception to the general requirement in AASB 10 to recognise full gain or loss on the loss of control over a 
subsidiary.  The exception only applies to the loss of control over a subsidiary that does not contain a business, if the loss of control is the result of a 
transaction involving an associate or a joint venture that is accounted for using the equity method.  Corresponding amendments have also been made 
to AASB 128. 

The mandatory effective date of AASB 2014–10 has been deferred to 1 January 2022 by AASB 2017–5. When these amendments are first adopted, 
the amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the financial statements of the Company. 

AASB 2018-6 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Definition of a Business 

AASB 2018-6 amends AASB 3 to clarify the definition of a business, assisting entities to determine whether a transaction should be accounted for as 
a business combination or as an asset acquisition. 

11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

The amendments: 

• 

• 

• 
• 

• 

clarify that to be considered a business, an acquired set of activities and assets must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive 
process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs; 
remove the assessment of whether market participants are capable of replacing any missing inputs or processes and continuing to produce 
outputs; 
add guidance and illustrative examples to help entities assess whether a substantive process has been acquired; 
narrow the definitions of a business and of outputs by focusing on goods and services provided to customers and by removing the reference 
to an ability to reduce costs; and 
add an optional concentration test that permits a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of activities and assets is not a business. 

When these amendments are first adopted for the year ending 30 June 2021, the amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the financial 
statements of the Company. 

AASB 2018-7 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Definition of Material 

AASB 2018-7 principally amends AASB 101 and AASB 108.  The amendments refine the definition of material and its application by improving the 
wording and aligning the definition across the Australian Accounting Standards and other publications.  The amendment also includes some supporting 
requirements in AASB 101 in the definition to give it more prominence and clarifies the explanation accompanying the definition of material. 

When these amendments are first adopted for the year ending 30 June 2021, the amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the financial 
statements of the Company. 

AASB 2019-1 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – References to the Conceptual Framework 

AASB 2019-1 amends Australian Accounting Standards, Interpretations and other pronouncements to reflect the issuance of the revised Conceptual 
Framework for Financial Reporting (Conceptual Framework). 

The application of Conceptual Framework is limited to for profit entities that have public accountability.   

When these amendments are first adopted for the year ending 30 June 2021, the amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the financial 
statements of the Company. 

2.4 Foreign currency translation 

Functional and presentation currency 

The financial statements are presented in Australian Dollars ($AUD), which is also the functional currency of the Company. 

Foreign currency transactions and balances 

Foreign currency transactions during the period are converted to Australian currency at rates of exchange applicable at the dates of 
the  transactions  (spot  exchange  rate).    Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses,  whether  realised  or  unrealised,  resulting  from  the 
settlement  of  such  transactions,  amounts  receivable  and  payable  in  foreign  currency  at  the  reporting  date,  and  from  the  re-
measurement of monetary items at year end exchange rates are recognised in profit and loss. 

Non-monetary items are not retranslated at year end and are measured at historical cost (translated using the exchange rate at the 
date of the transaction), except for non-monetary items measured at fair value which are translated using the exchange rates at the 
date when fair value was determined. 

2.5 Revenue and revenue recognition 

Revenue will arise mainly from the sale of Li-S battery products. 

To determine whether to recognise revenue, the Company will follow a 5-step process: 

Identifying the contract with a customer; 
Identifying the performance obligation; 

1. 
2. 
3.  Determining the transaction price; 
4.  Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and 
5.  Recognising revenue when/as performance obligations are satisfied. 

Revenue is recognised, based on the transaction price allocated to the performance obligation, after consideration of the terms of the 
contract and customary business practices. The transaction price is the amount of the consideration that the Company expects to be 
entitled to receive in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf 
of third parties (ie sales taxes and duties). The consideration promised in a contract with a customer may include  fixed amounts, 
variable amounts or both. 

12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised: 

Sale of goods 

Revenue  will  arise  mainly  from  the  sale  of  Li-S  battery  products  and  will  be  recognised  at  a  point  in  time  when  they  leave  the 
manufacturing  plant  and  control  has  passed  to  the  buyer.  Revenue  is  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  consideration  received  or 
receivable, net of returns, trade allowances and duties and taxes paid. 

2.6 Operating expenses 

Operating expenses are recognised in the profit or loss upon utilisation of the services or at the date of their origin. 

2.7 Finance costs 

All borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the 
period  that  is  necessary  to  complete  and  prepare  the  asset  for  its  intended  use  or  sale.    Other  finance  and  borrowing  costs  are 
expensed in the period in which they are incurred and reported in finance costs. 

2.8 Cash and cash equivalents 

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash includes cash on hand, and at call deposits with banks or financial institutions, 
net of bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management. 

2.9 Trade receivables and other receivables 

The Company makes use of a simplified approach in accounting for trade and other receivables and records the loss allowance at 
the amount equal to the expected lifetime credit losses. The Company uses its historical experience, external indicators and forward-
looking  information  to  calculate  the  expected  credit  losses  using  a  provision  matrix  which  is  based  on  the  historical  credit  loss 
experience  for  the  customer  segments.  At  every  reporting  date,  the  historical  credit  loss  experience  is  reviewed  and  updated,  if 
appropriate,  and changes in  the  forward-looking  estimates are  analysed.    For  this  financial  year,  the  Company  did  not  have  any 
expected lifetime credit losses. 

All financial assets, except for those at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), are subject to review for impairment at least at each 
reporting date to identify whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. 

2.10 Intangible assets 

Research and Development 

Research  is  recognised  as  an  expense  as  incurred.  Costs  incurred on development (relating to the  design and  testing of  new  or 
improved products) are recognised as intangible assets when it is probable that the project will, after considering its commercial and 
technical feasibility, be completed and generate future economic benefits and its costs can be measured reliably. The expenditure 
capitalised comprises all directly attributable costs, including costs of materials, services, direct labour and an appropriate proportion 
of  overheads.  Other  development  expenditures  that  do  not  meet  these  criteria  are  recognised  as  an  expense  as  incurred. 
Development  costs  previously  recognised  as  an  expense  are  not  recognised  as  an  asset  in  a  subsequent  period.  Capitalised 
development costs are recorded as intangible assets at cost less any accumulated amortisation and impairment losses and amortised 
over the period of expected future sales from the related projects. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed annually when 
the asset is not yet ready for use, or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. 

2.11 Financial instruments 

Initial recognition and measurement 

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of 
another entity. 

The Company’s investment in Zeta Energy LLC is at fair value through profit and loss. 

i) Financial assets 

Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other 
comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss. 

Financial assets are classified according to the characteristics of their contractual cash flow and the Company’s business model for 
managing them. Except for those trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company 
has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial 
asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do contain a significant financing component 
for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price as disclosed in Note 2.9. 

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash 
flows that are “solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)” on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to 
as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. Financial assets with cash flows that are not SPPI are classified and 
measured at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL)”, irrespective of the busines model. 

13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

The Company’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate 
cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the 
financial assets, or both. Financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost are held within a business model with the 
objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows while financial assets classified and measured at fair 
value through OCI are held within a business model with the objective of holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling. 

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in 
the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date (ie the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell 
the asset). 

Subsequent measurement 

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories: 

• 
• 
• 

• 

Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments) 
Financial assets at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative gains and losses (debt instruments) 
Financial assets designated at fair value through the OCI with no recycling of cumulative gains or losses upon 
derecognition (equity instruments) 
Financial assets at FVTPL 

Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments) 

Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest (EIR) method and are subject to 
impairment. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised. 

The Company’s financial assets at amortised cost includes trade receivables. 

Financial assets fair value through OCI (debt instruments) 

For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, interest income, impairment losses or reversals are recognised in the statement of 
profit and loss and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value 
changes are recognised in OCI. Upon derecognition the cumulative fair value change recognised in OCI is recycled to profit or loss. 

The Company has no debt instruments at fair value through OCI. 

Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI (equity instruments) 

Upon initial recognition, the Company can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity instruments designated at fair 
value though OCI when they meet the definition of equity under AASB 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for 
trading. The classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis. 

Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognised as other income in the 
statement of profit or loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Company benefits from such proceeds 
as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated 
at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment assessment. 

The Company has no equity instruments at fair value through OCI. 

Financial assets at FVTPL 

Financial assets at FVTPL are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in 
the statement of profit and loss. 

This category includes derivative instruments and listed equity investments which the Company had not irrevocably elected to 
classify at fair value through OCI. Dividends on listed equity investments are recognised as other income in the statement of profit 
or loss when the right of payment has been established. 

Derecognition 

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group similar financial assets) is primarily 
derecognised (ie removed from the Company’s statement of financial position) when: 

• 
• 

The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or 
The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the 
received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a “pass-through” arrangement, and either (a) the 
Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred 
nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset. 

14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a “pass-through” arrangement, 
it evaluates if, and to what extent, it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained 
substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the 
transferred asset to the extent of its continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The 
transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has 
retained. 

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original 
carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay. 

ii) Financial liabilities 

Initial measurement and recognition 

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at FVTPL, loans and borrowings, payables,, or as 
derivatives as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. 

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly 
attributable financial statements. 

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, and derivative 
financial instruments. 

Subsequent measurement 

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, financial liabilities are classified in two categories: 

• 
• 

Financial liabilities at FVTPL 
Financial liabilities at amortised cost (loans and borrowings) 

Financial liabilities at FVTPL 

Financial liabilities at FVTPL include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated up initial recognition as 
FVTPL. 

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This 
category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are designated as hedging instruments in 
hedge relationships as defined by AASB 9. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are 
designated as effective hedging instruments. 

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. 

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at FVTPL are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the 
criteria in AASB 9 are satisfied. 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost (loans and borrowings) 

After initial recognition, interest bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. 
Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation 
process. 

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral 
part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit or loss. 

Derecognition 

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing 
financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are 
substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of 
a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss. 

iii) Offsetting of financial instruments 

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a 
current enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the 
assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. 

15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.12 Trade and other payables 

These amounts represent unpaid liabilities for goods received and services provided to the Company prior to the end of the financial 
year.  The  amounts  are  unsecured  and  are  normally  settled  within  30  days.  Trade  and  other  payables  are  presented  as  current 
liabilities. 

2.13 Income Tax 

The income tax expense for the period is the tax payable on the current period's taxable income based on the notional income tax 
rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences between the 
tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements, and to unused tax losses. 

Deferred tax assets are only recognised for deductible temporary differences, between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for 
financial  reporting  purposes and  their  respective  tax  bases,  at  the  tax  rates  expected  to apply  when  the  assets  are  recovered  or 
liabilities settled, based on those tax rates which are enacted or substantially enacted for each jurisdiction. Exceptions are made for 
certain temporary differences arising on initial recognition of an asset or liability if they arose in a transaction other than a business 
combination that at the time of the transaction did not affect either accounting profit or taxable profit. 

Deferred tax assets are only recognised for deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses if there is reasonable certainty 
that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.  

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  not  recognised  for  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amount  and  tax  bases  of 
investments  in  subsidiaries,  associates  and  interests  in  joint  ventures  where  the  parent  entity  is  able  to  control  the  timing  of  the 
reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Current  and  deferred  tax  balances  relating  to  amounts  recognised  directly  in  other  comprehensive  income  or  equity  are  also 
recognised directly in other comprehensive income or equity. 

2.14 Leases 

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to 
control the use of an identifiable asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. 

Company as a lessee 

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-
value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use 
the underlying assets. 

2.14.1 Right-of-use assets 

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (ie the date the underlying asset is available 
for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any 
remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct 
costs incurred,  and lease payments made  at  or  before the commencement  date less any  lease  incentives received.  Right-of-use 
assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets. 

If ownership of the leased asset transfer to the Company at the end of the lease term or the costs reflects the exercise of a purchase 
option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset. 

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment.  

There were no leases where the Company was the lessee. 

2.14.2 Lease liabilities 

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments 
to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease 
incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual 
lease guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the 
Company  and  payments  of  penalties  for  terminating  the  lease,  if  the  lease  term  reflects  the  Company  exercising  the  option  to 
terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred 
to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs. 

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement 
date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of  lease 
liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount 
of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (ie changes to 
future  payments  resulting  from  a  change  in  an  index  or  rate  to  be  used  to  determine  such  lease  payments)  or  a  change  in  the 
assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset. 

16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.14.3 Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets 

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption (ie those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from 
the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option) and the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases 
that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expenses 
on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  There were no short-term or low-value leases during the financial year. 

There were no short-term or leases of low-value assets. 

2.14.4 Company as lessor 

There were no leases where the Company was the lessor. 

2.15 Equity 

Share capital represents the fair value of shares that have been issued. Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares 
are deducted from share capital, net of any related income tax benefit. 

2.16 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets 

Provisions for product warranties, legal disputes, onerous contracts or other claims are recognised when the Company has a present 
legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required from 
the Company and amounts can be estimated reliably. Timing or amount of the outflow may still be uncertain. 

Provisions are measured at the estimated expenditure required to settle the present obligation, based on the most reliable evidence 
available at the reporting date, including the risks and uncertainties associated with the present obligation. Where there are a number 
of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations 
as a whole. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material. 

Any reimbursement that the Company can be virtually certain to collect from a third party with respect to the obligation is recognised 
as a separate asset. However, this asset may not exceed the amount of the related provision. 

No liability is recognised if an outflow of economic resources as a result of present obligation is not probable. Such situations are 
disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the outflow of resources is remote in which case no liability is recognised. 

2.17 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions 

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that 
affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of 
contingent liabilities.  Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment 
to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities in future periods. 

Impairment of intangibles – development costs 

The Company capitalises costs for product development projects. Initial capitalisation of costs is based on Management’s judgement, 
after  making  inquiries  from  engineers,  scientists  and  other  qualified  professionals  that  technological  and  economic  feasibility  is 
confirmed.  In  determining  the  amounts  to  be  capitalised,  Management  makes  assumptions  regarding  the  expected  future  cash 
generation of the project, discount rates to be applied and expected period of benefits.  

This includes significant investment in the development of new manufacturing processes to produce 99% pure BNNT in commercial 
quantities in batch production and ultimately in continuous production. Further investment is incurred in BNNT application projects to 
undertake the research and development of new and existing technologies and products where BNNT can be used to create and/or 
improve these technologies and products.  

Intangible assets not yet ready for use require an annual impairment test.  Management has used significant judgement to determine 
there  was no  objective evidence  of  impairment  as a  result of  one  or  more  events  that occurred  after  the  initial  recognition of  the 
intangible asset which might have an impact on the estimated future cash flows from the investment that can be reliably estimated.  
Based on the information available to Management, there was no impairment charge of the intangibles at the reporting date. 

Deferred Tax Asset 

Deferred tax asset is only recognised to the extent that there is reasonable certainty of realising future taxable amounts sufficient to 
recover the carrying value. Due to carry forward tax losses and an expectation that the current challenging industry conditions would 
continue  in  the  short term,  the  Directors  assessed that  deferred  tax  assets  would only  be  recognised  to  the  extent  of,  and  offset 
against, available deferred tax liabilities. 

No deferred tax assets were recognised during the year (Note 5).  

17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.18 Goods and Services Tax (GST) 

Revenues  and  expenses  are  recognised  net  of  GST  except  where  GST  incurred  on  a  purchase  of  goods  and  services  is  not 
recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case the GST is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part 
of the expense item.  

Receivables and payables are stated with the amount of GST included. The net amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the 
taxation  authority  is  included  as  part  of  receivables  or  payables  in  the  balance  sheet.  Cash  flows  are  included  in  the  cash  flow 
statement on a gross basis and the GST component of cash flows arising from investing and financing activities, which is recoverable 
from, or payable to, the taxation authority are classified as operating cash flows. Commitments and contingencies are disclosed net 
of the amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority.

2.19 Going Concern 

The Directors consider the Company’s going concern and based on:  

• 
• 
• 
• 

previous project plans and budgets provided to complete the project; 
there was $1,846,296 of cash in the bank, net of loan repayments that occurred in July 2020 ; 
continued interest from potential investors in the Li-S Energy projects as evidenced by the capital raising in June 2020; and 
the likelihood of ongoing support from PPK Group Limited. 

The Directors have formed a view that the Company will continue as a going concern. 

NOTE 3 SEGMENT INFORMATION 

The Company applies AASB 8 Operating Segments whereby segment information is presented using a "management approach" i.e. 
segment information is provided on the same basis as information used for internal reporting purposes by the chief operating decision 
makers. 

Operating segments have been determined on the basis of reports reviewed by the Directors. The Directors are considered to be the 
chief  operating  decision  makers  of  the  Company.  The  only  reportable  segments  for  30  June  2020  is  the  development  and 
commercialisation of the Li-S battery. 

NOTE 4 CASH FLOW INFORMATION 

4.1      Reconciliation of cash flows from operating activities 
Profit (loss) after income tax attributed to owners of Li-S Energy Limited 
Cash flows in operating activities but not attributable to 
operating result: 
Non-cash flows in operating profit: 
Foreign exchange gains (losses) 

Net changes in working capital: 

(Increase) decrease in trade and other receivables 
(Increase) decrease in prepayments 
Increase (decrease) in trade and other payables 

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities 

4.2   Reconciliation of Cash 
For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash 
includes: 
Cash at bank and on hand 
Cash held in trust 

4.3     Non-cash financing and investing activities 
During the period, the Company had no non-cash adjustments 

Notes 

2020 

$ 

(35,148) 

(36,220) 

(116,523) 
(74,695) 
11,548 

(251,038) 

600 
3,035,500 

3,036,100 

9 

- 

- 

18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 5  INCOME TAX EXPENSE 

(a) The prima facie tax payable (benefit) on the profit (loss) before income 
tax is reconciled to the income tax expense as follows: 
Profit (loss) before tax  

Prima facie tax payable (benefit) at 27.5% 

(Non-assessable income) non-deductible expenses 
Current year losses for which no deferred tax asset was 
recognised 
Current year temporary differences for which no deferred tax asset or 
liability was recognised 

Income tax expense (benefit) 

The applicable weighted average effective tax rate is as 
follows: 
(b) The components of tax expense comprise: 

Current tax 

Deferred tax 

Income tax expense (benefit) 

(c) Deferred tax recognised on other comprehensive income through 
Available-for-sale Financial Asset reserve relating to valuing investments 
at fair value 

(d) Not recognised in the Statement of Financial Position 

Unrecognised deferred tax assets / deferred tax liabilities 

Tax losses 

Temporary differences 

Total 

NOTE 6  AUDITOR’S REMUNERATION 

Remuneration of the auditor of the Company for: 
-  auditing or reviewing the financial report  
-  non-audit services (accounting / technical advice) 

Notes 

2020 

$ 

(35,148) 

(9,666) 

9,666 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,666 

- 

9,666 

2020 

$ 

8,000 
- 

8,000 

Notes 

NOTE 7  KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL REMUNERATION 

The Directors are considered to the be the key management personnel and did not receive any remuneration during the year. 

NOTE 8  DIVIDENDS 

(a) Dividends paid 
2020 No interim dividend was declared or paid  
(b) Dividends declared after balance date  
The directors have not declared a final ordinary fully dividend for 
the 2020 financial year  
(c) Franked dividends 

Franking credits available for subsequent financial years based on a tax rate of 27.5% 

- 

- 

- 

Notes 

2020 
$ 

19 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 8  DIVIDENDS (continued) 

The above amounts represent the balance of the franking account as at the end of the financial year, adjusted for: 
(a) franking credits that will arise from the payment of the current tax liability; 
(b) franking debits that will arise from the payment of dividends recognised as a liability at the reporting date;  
(c) franking credits that will arise from the receipt of dividends recognised as receivables at the reporting date; and 
(d) franking credits that may be prevented from being distributed in subsequent financial years. 

The amounts include franking credits that would be available to the parent entity if distributable profits of subsidiaries were 
paid as dividends. 

NOTE 9  CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - CURRENT 

Current 
Cash at bank and on hand 
Cash held in trust 

NOTE 10 OTHER RECEIVABLES – CURRENT 

Current 
Other receivables 
Receivable from Deakin University 

Notes 

Notes 

2020 

$ 

600 
3,035,500 

3,036,100 

2020 

$ 

22,673 
93,851 

116,524 

The Company purchased equipment which, under the Research and Development agreement, are costs to be incurred by Deakin 
University. 

NOTE 11  PREPAYMENTS 

CURRENT  
Lease 

NON-CURRENT 

Lease 

Notes 

2020 

$ 

37,347 

37,347 

37,348 

37,348 

The Company purchased equipment to be used by Deakin University, exclusively for the Li-S project, and in return Deakin 
University will provide the premises at no cost. 

20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 12  INTANGIBLE ASSETS - NON-CURRENT 

Development Costs 

Less: Accumulated amortisation and impairment 

Total intangibles 

Reconciliations 

2020 

Carrying amount at start of year 

Additions 

Disposals 

Transfers 

Impairment 

Depreciation & amortisation expense 

Carrying amount at end of year 

Notes 

2020 

$ 

428,080 

- 

428,080 

Total 

- 

428,080 

- 

- 

- 

- 

428,080 

The intangible asset is for the development of the Li-S project undertaken by Deakin University under the Research and 
Development Agreement. 

NOTE 13  INVESTMENT 

Investment in Zeta Energy LLC 

Notes 

2020 

$ 

2,547,136 

On 16 June 2020, Li-S Energy acquired an economic interest in Zeta Energy LLC by issuing 2.0% of Li-S Energy’s share capital (pre 
capital raise) to Zeta Energy LLC and receiving 2.0% of the non-voting limited liability economic interest in Zeta Energy LLC (with a pre 
capital raise value of USD70,000,000) translated at $0.6962 for a value of AUD2,010,916. The shares issued to Zeta Energy LLC were 
valued at $0.65 per share being the same price that the new shares were issued to sophisticated investors (see Note 16.3).  Li-S Energy 
made a further cash investment of $500,000 in Zeta Energy LLC.  

Li-S Energy has a contingent liability in that if it doesn’t complete its initial public offering by 31 December 2021 then 50% of the share 
swap will be cancelled retroactive to 16 June 2020. 

NOTE 14  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

Trade payables - unsecured 

NOTE 15  INTEREST BEARING LOANS 

PPK Aust. Pty Ltd  
BNNT Technology Limited 

Notes 

Notes 

2020 

$ 

11,549 

2020 

$ 

1,033,109 
152,009 

1,185,118 

The shareholders have provided financing, as per the Shareholders Agreement, in the form of short term loans to fund the 
development costs incurred by Deakin University and the purchase of equipment for the Li-S battery project. The loans are interest 
bearing at 4.5% per annum, unsecured and were repaid on 20 July 2020 from funds received in the capital raising. 

21 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
NOTE 16  SHARE CAPITAL 

16.1 Issued capital 
51,020,409  ordinary shares fully paid 

   Movements in ordinary share capital 
     Balance at date of incorporation 
     Share split on a 500,000 for 1 basis - restated 
New shares issued, net of transaction costs 

2020 
$ 

100 
100 
663,266 
663,366 

On 20 February 2020, the Directors resolved to split the shares on a 500,000 for 1 basis with total paid up capital remaining at 
$100. 

The shares have no par value.  Ordinary shares participate in dividends and the proceeds of winding up in proportion to the number 
of shares held.  Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote at shareholder meetings. 

16.2 Share movements 

Movements in number of ordinary shares 
Balance at date of incorporation 
Share split on a 500,000 for 1 basis - restated 
New shares issued, net of transaction costs 

16.3  New shares issued subsequent to the end of the reporting period 

Issued for cash to fund the development of the Li-S @$0.65 per share 
Less transaction costs for issued share capital 

NOTE 17  RESERVES 

Share premium reserve 
Equity reserve 

Movement in reserves 

Share premium reserve 

Balance at date of incorporation 
Value of investment in Zeta Energy LLC in excess of shares issued to Zeta Energy LLC 
Closing balance 

Equity reserve 

Balance at date of incorporation 
Capital from new shares issued subsequent to end of reporting period 
Closing balance 

17.1 Share premium reserve 

100 
50,000,000 
1,020,409 
51,020,409 

$ 
3,250,000 
(220,000) 
3,030,000 

$ 
1,347,650 
3,030,000 
4,377,650 

$ 

- 
1,347,650 
1,347,650 

$ 

- 
3,030,000 
3,030,000 

The share premium reserve is to recognise the difference between the value of the investment in Zeta Energy LLC (see Note 13) of 
$2,010,916 and the 1,020,409 shares issued to Zeta Energy LLC (see Note 16.3) at $0.65 per share. 

17.2 Equity reserve 

The equity reserve is to recognise the cash received of $3,250,000 prior to 30 June 2020 for the 5,000,000 shares at $0.65 per 
share, net of transaction costs of $220,000, that were issued subsequent to the end of the reporting period. 

22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 17  RESERVES (continued) 

Capital Risk Management  

The Company considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, reserves and retained earnings. 
In managing its capital, the Company’s primary objective  is to ensure its continued ability to  provide a consistent return for its 
equity shareholders through capital growth and distributions. In order to achieve this objective, the Company seeks to maintain a 
gearing ratio that balances risks and returns at an acceptable level and to maintain a sufficient funding base to enable the Company 
to meet its working capital and strategic investment needs. In making decisions to adjust its capital structure to achieve these 
aims, either through new share issues or incurring debt, the Company considers not only its short-term position but also its long-
term operational and strategic objectives. 

NOTE 18  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

Financial risk Management  

The Directors have overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the financial risk management framework. The 
Company’s activities expose it to a range of financial risks including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s risk 
management policies and objectives are therefore designed to minimise the potential impacts of these risks on the results of  the 
Company where such impacts may be material.  

18.1 Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of the Company’s financial instruments will fluctuate because of 
changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: interest rate risk, equity price risk and currency risk. Financial 
instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings, deposits, debt and equity investments. 

(i) Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a security will fluctuate due to changes in interest rates. 
Exposure to interest risk arises due to holding floating rate interest bearing liabilities, investments in cash and cash equivalents 
and loans to related parties and other persons. The Company was not exposed to interest rate risk during the year. 

The company's exposure to its floating interest rate financial assets and liabilities follows: 

Sensitivity disclosure analysis 
Financial Assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Notes 

2020 

$ 

3,036,100 

3,036,100 

The Company has performed sensitivity analysis relating to its interest rate risk based on the Company's year end exposure. This 
sensitivity demonstrates the effect on after tax results and equity which could result from a movement in interest rates of +/- 1%. 

Change in after tax profit 
- increase in interest rate by 
1% 
- decrease in interest rate by 
1% 

30,361 

(30,361) 

A Sensitivity analysis was not performed on the interest bearing loans as these were repaid on 20 July 2020. 

(ii) Currency Risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial item will fluctuate as a result of movements in foreign 
exchange  rates.  The  Company’s  exposure  to  foreign  exchange  relates  to  its  investment  in  Zeta  Energy  LLC,  a  company 
domiciled in USA. The Company manages the foreign exchange risk by monitoring the potential benefits of the strategic and 
economic benefits of this investment and, the ability to divest the investment should the need arise. 

18.2 Credit Risk 

Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. At 
balance date, the Company does not have material exposure to liquidity risk.  

23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 18  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 

18.3 Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities.  The 
Company’s objective to mitigate liquidity risk is by monitoring forecast cash flows and ensuring that adequate facilities or financing 
options are maintained. At balance date, the Company does not have material exposure to liquidity risk. 

NOTE 19  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

See note 15 for related party loans and notes 10,11 and 12 for related party transactions that occurred during the reporting 
period.  

Li-S Energy has the following related party agreements in place: 

Deakin University 

•  Research and Development Agreement to conduct the services for the Li-S battery project for a period of 2 years 
Technology License Agreement provides exclusive global rights to commercialise Li-S battery products using the 
• 
Patent Pending titled “Flexible Lithium Sulfur Batteries” for a period of 20 years and Deakin University receives a 
royalty of 1.5% of the gross sales 

PPK Aust. Pty Ltd 

•  Shareholders Agreement in which PPK Aust. Pty Ltd must manage the funding of Li-S Energy and commercialise the 

• 

• 

Li-S battery products 
Loan Agreement to a maximum amount of $772,756 to fund the Li-S battery project, interest bearing at 4.5% and 
maturing in 36 months from the date the loan is advanced or such other date the parties agree in writing. 
Loan Agreement to a maximum amount of $500,000 to fund the acquisition of shares in Zeta Energy LLC, interest 
bearing at 4.5% and maturing within 5 days of receiving the funds from the capital raising or such other date the parties 
agree in writing. 

BNNT Technology Limited 

•  Shareholders Agreement in which BNNT Technology Limited must provide its technical skills and know how  
•  Supply Agreement in which BNNT Technology Limited has agreed to supply 100 grams of BNNT per annum at $1,000 

• 

per gram for a 2 year period 
Loan Agreement to a maximum amount of $500,000 to fund the Li-S battery project, interest bearing at 4.5% and 
maturing in 36 months from the date the loan is advanced or such other date the parties agree in writing. 

NOTE 20  EVENTS SUBSEQUENT TO THE END OF THE REPORTING PERIOD 

The Company’s main operations are at Deakin University’s campus located at Geelong, Victoria. To slow the spread of COVID-19 in 
Victoria,  the  Victorian  government  imposed  Stage  4  restrictions  for  metropolitan  Melbourne  from  2  August  2020  and  Stage  3 
restrictions for regional Victoria from 5 August 2020, which includes Geelong.  

Deakin University has had its own restrictions with access to campus by staff, students and visitors restricted to help maintain health 
and safety protocols, with staff and visitor access reviewed case-by-case. As a result, limits have been placed on the number of staff 
and contractors permitted in the workspace at one time.  We are however continuing with the installation of new equipment during 
this time whilst adhering to these restrictions. It is unknown whether stricter restrictions will be imposed and what the impact of these 
would be on the operations of the Company. 

Other than the issuance of shares as per note 16.3, there have been no other matter or circumstance that has arisen since the end 
of the financial year which is not otherwise dealt with in this report or in the Financial Statements that has significantly affected or may 
significantly affect the operations of the Company, the results of those operations or the state of affairs of the Company in subsequent 
financial years. 

24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
LI-S ENERGY LIMITED 
ACN 634 839 857 
C/O PPK GROUP LIMITED 
LEVEL 27, 10 EAGLE STREET 
BRISBANE QLD 4000 

DIRECTORS' DECLARATION 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

1. 

In the opinion of the Directors of Li-S Energy Limited; 

a)  The  financial  statements  and  notes  of  Li-S  Energy  Limited  are  in  accordance  with  the 

Corporations Act 2001, including 

(i)  Giving  a  true  and  fair  view  of  is  financial  position  as  at  30  June  2020  and  of  its 

performance for the financial year ended on that date; and 

(ii)  Complying with Australia Accounting Standards (including the Australian Accounting 

Interpretations) and the Corporations Regulations 2001; and 

b)  There are reasonable grounds to believe that Li-S Energy Limited will be able to pay its debts 

as and when they become due and payable. 

2.  Note  2  confirms  that  the  financial  statements  also  comply  with  International  Financial 

Reporting Standards. 

Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors: 

GLENN MOLLOY 
Executive Chairman 

Dated this 26th day of August 2020 

ROBIN LEVISON 
Executive Director 

25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ernst & Young 
111 Eagle Street 
Brisbane  QLD  4000 Australia 
GPO Box 7878 Brisbane  QLD  4001 

  Tel: +61 7 3011 3333 
Fax: +61 7 3011 3100 
ey.com/au 

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of LI-S Energy Limited 

Opinion 

We have audited the financial report of LI-S Energy Limited (the Company), which comprises the 
statement of financial position as at 30 June 2020, the statement of profit or loss and other 
comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity, and statement of cash flows for the year then 
ended, notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies, and 
the directors' declaration. 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial report of the Company is in accordance with the 
Corporations Act 2001, including: 

a) 

giving a true and fair view of the Company's financial position as at 30 June 2020 and of its 
financial performance for the year ended on that date; and 

b) 

complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001. 

Basis for Opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. Our responsibilities under 
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial 
Report section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the auditor 
independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 and the ethical requirements of the 
Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board’s APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional 
Accountants (the Code) that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia. We have also 
fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code.  

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. 

Information Other than the Financial Report and Auditor’s Report Thereon 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information is the directors’ report 
accompanying the financial report. 

Our opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information and accordingly we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
report or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this 
other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited 
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation 

26 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor's Report 
LI-S Energy Limited  
Page 2 

Responsibilities of the Directors for the Financial Report 

The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation of the financial report that gives a 
true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act 2001 
and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the 
financial report that gives a true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to 
fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial report, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters relating to going concern and using the 
going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to 
cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Report 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material 
misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material 
if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of this financial report. 

As part of an audit in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards, we exercise professional 
judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

► 

► 

► 

► 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial report, whether due to 
fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit 
evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not 
detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from 
error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the 
override of internal control. 

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit 
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an 
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.  

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 
estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.  

Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting 
and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to 
events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a 
going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw 
attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial report or, if such 
disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit 
evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions 
may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.  

A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited 
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation 

27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor's Report 
LI-S Energy Limited  
Page 3 

► 

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial report, including the 
disclosures, and whether the financial report represents the underlying transactions and events 
in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

We communicate with the directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of 
the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we 
identify during our audit. 

Ernst & Young 

Brad Tozer 
Partner 
Brisbane 
26 August 2020 

A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited 
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation 

28