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Lookers

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FY2020 Annual Report · Lookers
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2020 Annual Report & Accounts
The year of our people

Contents

Strategic Review 
6  

Chairman’s Statement 

10   2020 at a Glance 

12   Our Business and Locations 

14  Business Model and Strategy

16  

In Conversation with our CEO 

18   Operating Review 

22   COVID-19 Response 

24   Financial Review 

28   Key Performance Indicators

30   Risk Overview and Management 

38   Viability Statement 

40   Section 172 Statement and Non-financial  

Information Statement 

Governance 
50   Board of Directors 

56   Group Executive Team

58   Chairman’s Statement on Corporate Governance 

70   Report from the Chairman of the Nomination Committee 

74  Report from the Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee  

80   Corporate Social Responsibility Review 

84  Directors’ Remuneration Report 

108   Directors’ Report 

111   Directors’ Responsibilities Statement 

Financial Statements 
114 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the members of Lookers plc 

124   Principal Accounting Policies 

136   Statement of Consolidated Total Comprehensive Income 

137   Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position  

138  Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  

138   Company Statement of Changes in Equity  

139   Consolidated Cash Flow Statement  

140   Notes to the Financial Statements  

177   Trading outlets 

178   Glossary of terms 

180   Corporate Information

180   Trading outlets

181   Glossary of terms

183   Corporate information

2       |      

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       3

 
 
Strategic 
Review

4       |       Strategic Review

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       5

Chairman’s statement

Introduction
I was appointed Chairman of the Board on 4 September 2006 and it 
is with some sadness that I present my final Chairman’s Statement. 
The recruitment process for my successor is progressing as planned 
and I will step down when an appointment is confirmed later this 
year.

From the middle of May 2020 we progressively opened all our 
locations in a manner consistent with appropriate local regulations. 
We implemented new operational processes to ensure the 
appropriate COVID-19 secure protocols were in place protecting 
both staff and customers. This included the complete redesign of our 
sales processes to offer a fully contactless experience. 

Like all businesses, over the years Lookers has experienced many 
challenges and none greater than those of 2020. The COVID-19 
global pandemic resulted in the complete closure and severe 
disruption to our normal business operations and trading patterns 
throughout much of the year. This had a material impact on our 
financial performance. During this time, we made many changes and 
enhancements to our operating model which not only helped 
mitigate the impact of COVID-19 but also served to act as a catalyst 
for permanent change and improvement across the business.

In addition, in June 2020 we requested the FCA temporarily 
suspend our shares whilst we investigated potentially fraudulent 
transactions in one of our operating divisions, concluded a 
substantial independent investigation and delayed the publication of 
both the full year 2019 results and interim 2020 results. Following 
the successful conclusion of these matters, we requested and were 
granted restoration of our shares to the official list of the London 
Stock Exchange on 29 January 2021.

In June 2020 we also announced a material restructuring 
programme to prepare the business for a more sustainable future 
and to optimise the many opportunities we believe lie ahead. 

The combination of these issues resulted in material uncertainty 
throughout much of the year. 

Strategy
Following this period of uncertainty and reflecting on our learnings 
throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we refreshed our strategy.  The 
customer remains front and centre of everything we do, underpinned 
by the right brands in the right locations. Our strategic building 
blocks are centred on delivering operational excellence, providing an 
engaging and safe environment for all our colleagues and 
customers, enabling technology both front and back of house and 
simplifying and strengthening our policy framework.

Our strategic initiatives are focused on continuing with increasing our 
efficiency and improved cash management, digital investment, 
preparing for electrification which we see as the biggest opportunity 
in a generation and our controls enhancement programme. 

COVID-19
On 23 March 2020, in order to protect the safety and welfare of our 
people and customers and in response to the UK Government’s 
social distancing advice, we temporarily closed all our trading 
locations. Following the introduction of new operating measures, the 
Group partly reopened 31 locations to provide essential repairs and 
maintenance to key workers’ vehicles alongside 10 parts distribution 
centres.

In November 2020 further restrictions came into effect and as a 
result we were only able to provide our customers with pre-booked 
aftersales appointments and to provide both new and used vehicles 
sales using our Click & Drive contactless solution as the showrooms 
remained closed. In December 2020 various regional and tiered 
restrictions were implemented across England, Scotland and Ireland.

On 4 January 2021 a third national lockdown commenced which 
saw our vehicle showrooms closed. This situation continued until  
12 April 2021 (Northern Ireland - 30 April 2021) when we were 
delighted to be able to re-open the entire business as normal. 

We remain committed to providing the best possible service whilst 
ensuring the wellbeing of both our colleagues and customers.

Restructuring
In June 2020 the Board undertook a review of the Group to 
consider the future operating model in light of potential demand, a 
reduced dealership estate and structural changes taking place 
across the industry. As a result, the Board took the difficult decision 
to commence redundancy consultations across all areas of the 
business, which resulted in approximately 1,500 redundancies and 
the closure or consolidation of 12 sites. The Board carefully 
considered all options and regrettably considered this action as 
being necessary in the current environment to sustain, protect and 
enhance the business over the long term. 

Performance in 2020
The financial performance of the Group during the year was 
significantly impacted by the disruption caused by the COVID-19 
global pandemic together with a number of non-underlying one-off 
costs resulting from the Group’s restructuring programme, 
impairment of goodwill and costs in relation to the investigation and 
resolution of legacy accounting issues.

Statutory profit before tax for the year was £2.0m (2019: restated 
loss of £45.7m). Excluding the impact of non-underlying items, the 
Group recorded an underlying profit before tax* of £14.1m (2019: 
restated £4.0m).

The first six months of the year (H1) proved very challenging with the 
complete closure and lockdown of operations for over two months. 
As we emerged from lockdown, performance in the second six 
months of the year (H2) improved materially. This was driven by 
strong outperformance of the retail new car market, improved used 
car margins, the early benefits of the Group’s restructuring initiatives 
and several operational improvements implemented during 
lockdown. Underlying profit before tax* in H2 was £50.2m  
(2019: loss (£18.1m)).  Our performance in H2 brings me 
confidence that we can deliver our 1.5% - 2.0% target return on 
sales over the long term.

*Alternative performance measure - see Note 30 to the Financial Statements

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“I am extremely grateful for the support and patience 
that we have received from our stakeholders, including 
the UK government, throughout what has been a very 
challenging period for both the business and our people.” 

6       |       Strategic Review

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       7

 
We were also pleased to appoint Robin Churchouse as an 
independent Non-Executive Director and Chair of Audit and Risk 
Committee in December 2020 and January 2021 respectively, and 
Paul Van der Burgh as Non-Executive Director in April 2021 and 
then as Senior Independent Director from May 2021.

As the search for my successor continues the Board has asked me 
to remain as Chair in order to ensure an orderly handover, and I 
therefore stood for reelection at the 2021 AGM.

I would like to thank all my Board colleagues, past and present, for 
their continued support and contribution to the Group.

Dividends
The Board remains mindful of its relationships and commitments to 
all stakeholders. The dividend policy remains that subject to 
satisfactory trading prospects, dividends are covered around 3.0 to 
3.5 times underlying earnings and paid in approximately one third 
(interim dividend) and two thirds (final dividend) split.

In the light of the financial performance during the period, continued 
uncertainty around COVID-19 and as part of its ongoing actions to 
protect the Group’s balance sheet the Board has decided not to 
recommend any dividends for the year.

Current trading and financial outlook
In line with COVID-19 restrictions, the Group’s showrooms remained 
closed until 12 April 2021 (Northern Ireland - 30 April 2021). 
Despite these restrictions, the Group continued to take orders and 
fulfill vehicle handovers through its dealership teams, call centres 
and website. These activities were underpinned by our Click & Drive 
and contact-less technology platform. 

As we announced on 25 May 2021 and  28 June 2021, trading 
across the Group has been robust since the reopening of our 
dealerships. We continue to experience strong consumer demand 
and ongoing outperformance of the UK retail new car market. Used 
vehicle margins also remain strong, benefitting from improving 
residual values and greater operational focus. In addition to these 
market trends, the Group continues to benefit from its enhanced 
hybrid omni-channel customer offer, and the decisive self-help 
restructuring initiatives implemented last year.

As we look forward into the second half of 2021, there remains some 
uncertainty driven by the ongoing impact of COVID-19 and notable 
supply restrictions in both new and used vehicles which have been 
tightening in recent weeks - the former in part due to the current 
worldwide semiconductor chip shortage. 

Notwithstanding these uncertainties, given the strength of 
performance during the first half of 2021, the Board remains 
confident about the outlook for the remainder of 2021.

Conclusion
2020 was a very challenging year. I am extremely proud of how our 
people responded, showing real dedication and flexibility. I would like 
to personally thank the whole Lookers team for their understanding 
and dedication during such a challenging time for the Group.

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We have always enjoyed strong relationships with our Original 
Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Brand Partners and are grateful for 
their support across a range of financial and other measures during 
the year.

The investigation into our financial systems and accounting controls, 
the delay in the publication of our 2019 results and the subsequent 
temporary suspension of our shares were a great disappointment. 
With these matters now resolved we can look to the future with 
increased confidence.

Lookers is a great business with great brands and great people. It is 
difficult to look too far ahead at the moment, but I am reassured that 
we have the resilience to weather the current storm and the agility to 
emerge as a business which can build on its strong foundations. We 
can now move forward from here focussing on the many thousands 
of customers who rely on us for their mobility. 

It has been a great privilege to chair Lookers, and I wish all my 
colleagues, past and present, our stakeholders, and my successor as 
Chair every future success.

Phil White
Chairman 
30 June 2021

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       9

Refinancing
Throughout the year the Board was focused on preserving cash and 
protecting the Group’s liquidity position. As at 31 December 2020 
net debt* was £40.7m (2019: £59.5m).  This reduction has been 
delivered through increased control and focus on all aspects of 
working capital management and a robust approach to capital 
allocation.

In May 2021 we agreed with our Banking Club a new credit facility 
providing an initial £150m expiring in September 2023. I would like 
to take the opportunity to thank our Banking Club for all their 
support over the last 18 months.

Regulatory relations
As previously reported, we have been working internally to review our 
governance, systems and controls including as they relate to our 
regulated activities. On 2 March 2021 we announced that the FCA 
had advised the Board of its decision to close the investigation 
against Lookers Motor Group Limited for the possible mis-selling of 
regulated products between January 2016 and June 2019.  The 
FCA closed the investigation without applying any sanction but noted 
several concerns relating to the historic culture, systems and controls 
of the Group which the Board fully accepted.

The Group is satisfied that the FCA confirmation represents an 
adjusting event after the balance sheet date as this provides proof 
that there was not an obligating event and have therefore released 
the £10.4m provision made in the 2019 Financial Statements in 
2020.

8       |       Strategic Review

Management and Board changes
2020 was a year of significant change as we sought to refresh and 
reshape the Board to prepare for the significant opportunities and 
challenges ahead. Richard Walker, Sally Cabrini, Stuart Counsell and 
Tony Bramall all left the Board during 2020.

We were delighted to appoint Mark Raban as Chief Executive Officer 
in February 2020 and Duncan McPhee as Chief Operating Officer in 
January 2021.

Anna Bielby was appointed as Interim Chief Financial Officer in 
January 2021 for a term of six months. Since then she has made a 
very valuable contribution to the Group. She has agreed to extend 
her assignment and will leave the Group at the end of July 2021 
following completion of a number of big projects. A search for Anna’s 
replacement is underway. 

Heather Jackson was appointed Senior Independent Director and 
Chair of the Remuneration Committee in July 2020 and November 
2020 respectively. On 13 April 2021 Heather advised the Board of 
her decision to step down to focus on her increasing non-executive 
directorships and business interests.

Victoria Mitchell assumed the role of Chair of Lookers Motor Group, 
the FCA regulated entity, in July 2020. 

*Alternative performance measure - see Note 30 to the Financial Statements

 
2020 at a glance

Click&Drive

Implemented and launched completely online system for buying a car

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£3.70 billion

revenue

(2019: £4.81bn)

150

franchise 
dealerships*

(2019: 151)

32

manufacturer 
brands*

(2019:32)

*Cars and light commercial vehicles

Sold nearly

165,000

new & used cars and light 
commercial vehicles

(2019: 213,000)

NOTE: Throughout the Annual Report & 
Accounts, Alternative Performance Measures 
(APMs) have been used which are non-GAAP 
measures that are presented to provide readers 
with additional financial information that is 
regularly reviewed by management. Definitions 
of APMs are made within the Glossary of Terms 
on page 181.

10       |       Strategic Review

11.1%

gross profit margin (2019: 10.7%)

£30.9m

operating profit/(loss) (2019: £(12.8)m)

£14.1m

underlying profit before tax (2019: £4.0m)

£2.0m

profit/(loss) before tax (2019: £(45.7)m)

£40.7m**

net debt (2019: £59.5m)

**Bank loans and overdrafts less cash and cash equivalents. Lease liabilities, 
vehicle rental liabilities and stocking loans are not included in net debt.

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       11

 
Our business and locations

Car & commercial vehicles

1

13

1

3

1

Aston Martin

Audi

Bentley

BMW

Citroen

1

7

Cupra

Dacia

1

1

1

DS

4

Honda

Hyundai

Jaguar

10

1

1

1

Ferrari

1

Jeep

14

16

Ford

4

Kia

3

Land Rover

Lexus

Maserati

Mercedes-Benz

MINI

8

1

1

7

Nissan

Peugeot

Polestar

Renault

4

10

3

10

2

Seat

12

Skoda

smart

Toyota

Vauxhall

Volkswagen

4

3

VW Commercials

Volvo

Motorcycles

1

1

1

BMW

Honda

Yamaha

12       |       Strategic Review

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TPS

TPS

TPS

TPS

( x2 )

TPS

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       13

 
Business model and strategy

Our strategy is to have the right brands in the right locations. We 
deliver on our strategy by operating a diverse business in the UK 
motor sector, supported by a variety of OEM Brand Partners which 
we represent across the UK. This structure helps reduce our 
exposure to anomalies or fluctuations in demand, which may affect 
specific manufacturers or geographic locations.

We aim to put the customer and safe customer outcomes at the 
centre of everything we do. Underpinning this strategy is our focus 

on people, simplicity and consistency, operational excellence and 
technology to ensure that we deliver a great customer experience 
achieving customer loyalty and retention. We aim to serve our 
customers through whatever means they choose, and so should 
they decide to engage with us in person, by phone or through the 
internet we are here to deliver a simple, engaging and transparent 
customer experience every time.  

People driven
Our people are our most 
important asset. We aim to 
build an empowering and safe 
environment with a culture 
based on always doing the  
right thing. 

We are Lookers
We aim to keep things simple 
with consistent processes 
and systems, so our people 
are equipped with the right 
tools to do the right thing for 
our customers.

Customers 
for life

Operational 
excellence
Committed to best in class 
performance and delivering long 
term sustainability for our brand 
partners. Relationship based on 
mutual respect and trust.

Technology enabled
Technology is a key business 
enabler. We aim to deploy 
technology creatively in all 
areas of the business to drive 
real competitive advantage 
and benefit our customers, our 
people and our brand partners.

Customers for life
Continuous focus on putting customers at the heart of everything we 
do ensuring right first time, safe outcomes, building loyalty and a long 
lasting relationship.

What we do:
•  We sell new and used vehicles through retail, motability, fleet  
  and leasing channels with an aftersales business that offers  

servicing, parts, repair, MOT and body repair.

•  We aim to have the right brands in the right locations.  We  
  continuously review and refresh and in 2020 we carried out  
restructuring of existing sites whilst launching a new and  

  exciting all electric brand to the UK called Polestar. 

•  Our people are our greatest asset. Our people support excellent  
  customer experience to deliver our business model.

•  Our model is underpinned by the customer lifecycle. Our  
  customers typically buy a new car from us, provide a used car  

in part exchange to support our used business and use  

  Lookers’ aftersales department for servicing, parts and repair.  
  Our happy customers are customers for life.

•  Our business model is agile, and we have continued to adapt  
to evolution (for example digitisation though Click & Drive)  
  alongside our regulatory requirements. We also adapted well  

to the challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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We aim to achieve this through investment in the following areas:

•  People driven 
  We have a hard working, committed, resilient and talented team  
  at Lookers and we see our people as our most important asset.   
  To continue to succeed we will continue to drive staff  
  engagement through a number of reward, recognition and  
  well-being initiatives. We aim to build an empowering and  
safe environment with a culture based on always doing the  
right thing.

•  We are Lookers 
  As a result of several years of acquisition driven growth, the  
  Group has become quite fragmented and complex. We are now  
firmly focused on driving simplicity, consistency and transparency  
in our operating model. We aim to keep things simple with  
  consistent processes, systems and controls so our people are  
  equipped with the right tools to do the right thing for our  
  customers.  

•  Operational excellence 
  We are committed to delivering best in class performance and  
to deliver long term sustainability for our OEM Brand Partners.   
  We aim to foster relationships that are built on mutual respect.   
  From operational profit, volume, margin and cost control to  
  customer satisfaction, brand scorecard performance,  
  compliance and staff engagement our aim is to be the best. It is  
through this  approach that we hope to grow our existing brand  

  partner relationships and attract new OEM Brand Partners to  

the Group.

•  Technology enabled 
  We see technology as a key business enabler.  We aim to deploy  
technology creatively in all areas of the business to drive real  
  competitive advantage that benefits our customers, our people  
  and our OEM Brand Partners. We have made significant  
  advances over the past 12 months in standardising and  
  developing the various sales and aftersales platforms all with  

the customer experience remaining front and centre. To support  
this, as a progressive business, we will continue to drive  
  efficiencies through a cycle of continuous improvement and  

technology upgrades which will enhance the user experience  
  and drive operational efficiency. We recognise the importance  
  of the omni-channel experience and whilst the transition  

towards online is moving at pace, we are equally focused on  

  developing our instore experience.

How we create value:
•  For our customers: 
  We aim to have customers for life. And we strive to increase  
the customer experience and our customer satisfaction  
scores

•  For our people: 
  We employ over 6,500 people and our feedback tells us that  
  our people are engaged with the business

•  Customers for life 
  Built on trust and driven to be the best, is our purpose. The  
  Lookers business has been around for over 100 years during  
  which time we have delivered a great customer experience.  We  
  are trusted with every journey. The Group recently appointed a  
  Director of Customer Engagement to focus on improving the  
  customer experience through better data management, 
  enhanced customer insights, simplified and transparent  
  marketing communications and a consistent approach to our  
  Customer Contact Hub operations.  We are now ready to build  
  on this with continuous focus on putting our customers at the  
  heart of everything we do ensuring right first time, safe  
  outcomes, building loyalty and a long-lasting relationship.  

In a rapidly changing, ever evolving and competitive marketplace 
we continue to develop our retail proposition.  In addition to our 
core strategy we are working on a number of other initiatives, to 
further develop our business for a long, sustainable and successful 
future. These are:

•  Electrification and sustainability 
  We have recently appointed a Business Development Director  
  and Group Energy Manager in order to accelerate our progress  

in electrification and sustainability.

•  SMART repair  
  We are in the process of recruiting a senior manager to head up  
  our SMART repair and bodyshop operations. We see SMART  

repair as being a significant contributor to aftersales profitability  
in the future.

•  Retention 
  The process is underway to improve customer retention through  
improved extended warranty and service plan sales, improved  
finance renewals performance and a robust approach towards  
lapsed customers.

Our goal is to be recognised as the local dealer of choice by our 
customers, the brand partner of choice by our OEM Brand Partners 
and the employer of choice by our people throughout both the UK 
and Ireland. 

•  For our shareholders:  
  We sell cars and generate revenue, we have a laser focus on 
   margin and we manage our cost base appropriately. Over the  
  medium to long term we aim to create value for our  

shareholders via capital growth and dividends

14       |       Strategic Review

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In conversation:
Mark Raban  
Chief Executive Officer

“I am most proud of the 
fantastic Lookers team 
who have continued to 
show great resolve, trust 
and loyalty as we navigated 
our way through the 
challenges of 2020, a year 
that we will not forget!”

How would you describe 2020 for Lookers?
Last year was without doubt one of the toughest years in the 
Group’s history. Shortly before we were due to publish our 2019 
financial results in March 2020, we discovered some potentially 
fraudulent transactions in one of our operating divisions. We 
delayed the publication of our results and immediately instructed 
an independent investigation. At the same time, the first national 
COVID-19 lock down commenced and we closed virtually our 
entire operations furloughing the vast majority of our colleagues. 
Completing the investigation in such conditions was challenging 
and after delaying our results we requested that our shares be 
temporarily suspended in July 2020. 

We concluded our investigation and finally published our 2019 
accounts in November 2020. Although our 2018 and 2017 
comparatives were materially restated we were pleased to achieve 
an unqualified audit opinion.

16       |       Strategic Review

Dealing with the investigation and the impact of COVID-19 
together was a “perfect storm” for the Group which placed 
considerable pressure on our colleagues, shareholders, pension 
trustees, OEM Brand Partners, suppliers and our Banking Club. I 
am very grateful for the way all our stakeholders stepped up to 
support the Group during this difficult time.
Against this background, from a financial perspective, I am 
particularly pleased that in 2020 we managed to increase our 
underlying profit and reduce our net debt.

Finally, I am most proud of the fantastic Lookers team who have 
continued to show great resolve, trust and loyalty as we navigated 
our way through the challenges of 2020, a year that we will not 
forget!

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invention of the automotive vehicle itself. Battery and plug in hybrid 
powered vehicles currently account for over 10% of the UK new 
car market and under government policy by 2030 all new vehicles 
sold will be electric powered.

All our OEM Brand Partners have invested significantly in electric 
product development and have good pipelines of electric vehicles 
coming to market over the next few years. Initial customer “range 
anxiety” and comparatively high vehicle pricing has been an issue 
for early adopters but as technology improves many new models 
will have extended range capability.

There are many hurdles to overcome as we move towards pure 
electrification but as charging infrastructure is rolled out and 
vehicle pricing normalises, I believe we will see a material increase 
in the adoption of electric vehicles at a greater rate than currently 
anticipated.

Electrification is a fantastic opportunity for Lookers. In 2020 we 
launched our first new electric only partnership with Polestar. We 
aim to build on this success creating a centre of excellence and 
product knowledge for both sales and aftersales.

What are the priorities for the next 12 months?
We have four key priorities:
•  Investment and development of the Group’s omni-channel  
  customer experience, enhancing choice through a flexible  
  combination of digital engagement and high quality  
  forecourt service. We are excited about our continued digital  
investment plans. Having invested significantly in our online  
  capability over recent months we aim to build on this investing  
  further in both front and back of house technology solutions to  
  ensure the customer remains at the centre of everything we do.
•  Harnessing growth from the transition to electric vehicles  
  through infrastructure investment and connected car services,  
  alongside the roll-out of new aftersales services. We believe this  

is a material opportunity for the Group moving forward.

•  Continued focus on driving operational excellence through  
  further productivity improvements, effective cash management  
  and a robust approach to capital allocation.
•  Focus and investment in people and systems to support the  
  Group’s simplification, controls, engagement and transparency  

initiatives.

Mark Raban
Chief Executive Officer
30 June 2021

Are all the legacy issues behind you now?
Our fraud and accounting investigation is complete; our historic 
financials have been restated and our shares were restored to the 
London Stock Exchange at the end of January 2021. In addition, in 
March 2021 the enforcement division of the FCA confirmed that 
they had closed their investigation into our historic sales processes 
without further sanction. We remain absolutely committed to 
delivering safe and transparent customer outcomes as part of our 
“customers for life” strategy. I am personally leading a cultural 
development programme across the Group that aims to build on 
the Group’s core values of simplicity, engagement and 
transparency. We have recently rolled out a new remuneration and 
incentive programme for our sales team, to underpin and 
encourage these values.

We are continuing our programme of strengthening our systems 
and controls environment and are well underway with progress 
towards a single, standardised dealer management system 
throughout the entire dealership network.

I continue to strongly believe that the right culture and behaviours 
underpinned by robust systems and controls will provide the right 
customer outcomes and give us significant competitive advantage.

How did the COVID-19 global pandemic impact the business?
The COVID-19 global pandemic touched every aspect of 
everyone’s lives. My first thoughts remain with all of those that have 
been personally impacted by the virus and the nation’s key workers, 
including our own technicians, who have done a fantastic job at 
looking after others.

History teaches us that at times of crisis the pace of change, 
development and invention often accelerates. Over the last 12 
months the Group has developed significantly. In order to mitigate 
the impact of COVID-19 we rolled out many operational changes 
and enhancements to enable the Group to continue to operate in 
this “new world”. Our colleagues and customers were quick to 
respond to and accept these new ways of working. New technology 
solutions like Click & Drive, our online sales proposition, 
unaccompanied test drives, remote document signing and 
contactless sales experience are initiatives which will all continue 
and develop as the Group moves forward post COVID-19.

As we reflect on the learnings of the last year, I am more convinced 
than ever that we must continue to strive to allow our customers to 
interface with us in a way that is driven by and satisfies them. Many 
customers want to be able to experience a hybrid online / offline 
process and we aim to create technology which allows them this 
seamless interconnectivity.

My overriding memory of the global pandemic is again rooted in 
the reaction and response from the Lookers team who throughout 
have looked out for each other and our customers with great care.

What are your views on electric vehicles?
The pathway to the entire replacement of the internal combustion 
engine in favour of battery powered electric vehicles is already well 
underway. This represents the biggest industry change since the 

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       17

 
 
 
 
Operating review

Analysis of revenue

Revenue

New cars

Used cars

Aftersales

Leasing and other

Less: intercompany

2020 £m

2019 £m
(restated)

1,709.3

 1,779.1

383.8

148.4

(320.7)

2,226.4

2,326.3

495.3

153.3

(394.8)

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Variance

2020 LFL £m

2019 LFL £m

LFL variance

-23.2%

-23.5%

-22.5%

-3.2%

1,690.3

1,757.1

378.0

136.0

(313.6)

3,647.8

2,135.3

2,214.3

470.0

137.3

(376.0)

4,580.9

-20.8%

-20.6%

-19.6%

-0.9%

-20.4%

Total

3,699.9

4,806.5

-23.0%

Market overview
The new car market in 2020 was severely disrupted by the 
COVID-19 global pandemic. UK new vehicle registrations at 1.63m 
was the lowest level on record since 1992 and represented a 
decline of 29.4% versus 2019. New vehicle registrations to fleet 
customers were 0.88m representing 54.2% of the total market, 
declining by 31.7%. New vehicles registrations to retail customers 
declined by 26.6%.

Registrations of diesel and petrol engines continued to decline being 
48% and 33% below 2019 respectively. There are notable 
regulatory pressures facing our OEM Brand Partners in achieving 
emissions targets. As a result of changing customer preferences and 
the evolving legislative landscape the registrations of alternative fuel 
vehicles continued to gain market share and showed a growth of 
67%.  The Board believes that the continued migration towards pure 
electric vehicles represents a significant opportunity for the Group.

In the period the Group outperformed the new car market and 
currently enjoys a 6.2% (2019: 5.8%) share of the UK retail market. 

The used car market remains an area of material opportunity for the 
Group. In 2020 there were approximately 6.8m used vehicle 
transactions. Throughout the COVID-19 global pandemic consumers 
have continued to favour private transportation and in the period 
after the first lockdown in particular the Group experienced strong 
demand for cheaper used cars as consumers sought second and 
third vehicles for the household.  

18       |       Strategic Review

Aftersales represents the servicing and repair of vehicles and sale of 
franchised parts. In the UK the car parc is approximately 36.7m cars 
and light commercial vehicles, with a significant proportion under 
three years old. This represents a significant opportunity for 
franchised motor dealers, and we are focused on developing the 
aftersales business and investing in our offering through initiatives to 
increase volumes and margins.

The internet remains the primary means for our customers to 
research and determine which new or used cars they are interested 
in buying. As the Group responded to COVID-19 we made many 
enhancements to our online capabilities including launching Click & 
Drive, online finance applications, remote document authorisation 
and contactless handover. These initiatives have helped to mitigate 
the financial impact of COVID-19 trading restrictions and to ensure 
the continued safety of customers and our colleagues.

Operations summary
Total revenue of £3,699.9m (2019: £4,806.5m) was 23.0% lower 
than 2019. Like-for-like (LFL*) revenue declined by 20.4% with 
revenue from new cars, used cars and aftersales all declining as a 
result of the temporary closure of the Group’s dealerships as a 
consequence of the COVID-19 global pandemic.

*See Glossary of terms on page 181.

Note: Leasing and other includes revenue from non-leasing vehicle sales made by the Group’s leasing businesses.

Analysis of gross profit

Gross profit

2020 £m

New cars

Used cars

Aftersales

Leasing and other

Total

Gross Margin %

109.2

117.9

164.6

19.3

411.0

11.1%

2019 £m
(restated)

147.0

138.1

211.9

16.1

513.1

10.7%

Variance

2020 LFL £m

2019 LFL £m

LFL variance

-25.7%

-14.6%

-22.3%

19.9%

-19.9%

107.6

116.8

161.7

18.0

404.1

11.1%

143.3

135.1

198.3

17.7

494.4

10.8%

-24.9%

-13.5%

-18.5%

1.7%

-18.3%

Gross profit decreased by 19.9% to £411.0m (2019: £513.1m) 
driven by the revenue shortfall. Gross margin at 11.1% was 0.4 
percentage points ahead of 2019. Gross margin in the first six 

months of the year (H1) was broadly flat recovering in the second six 
months of the year (H2) as the Group drove stronger used vehicle 
margin.

New cars

New cars

Retail unit sales

Fleet unit sales

Total unit sales

Gross margin %

2020

46,665

39,890

86,555

6.4%

2019

Variance

2020 LFL

2019 LFL

LFL variance

59,212

53,694

112,906

6.6%

-21.2%

-25.7%

-23.3%

45,784

39,834

85,618

6.4%

55,179

52,687

107,866

6.7%

-17.0%

-24.4%

-20.6%

The sale of new cars represented 26.6% (2019: 28.7%) of total 
gross profit. The COVID-19 global pandemic had a material impact 
on UK new car registrations during 2020. The start of lockdown 
during March resulted in a market decline of 44.4%, before the full 
impact was felt in April and May, with the market recording a decline 
of 97.3% and 89.0% respectively. This had a material impact on the 
overall H1 new car market which declined by 48.5%. Against this on 

a like-for-like basis, the Group’s sale of new units declined by 45.2% 
representing a modest outperformance against the UK market.

In H2 the new car market showed some recovery with UK new 
vehicle registrations declining by 6.2%. The Group’s new vehicle 
sales performance improved materially in H2, benefitting from 
several operational initiatives and recording an outperformance of 
the total market by 16.2%.

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Operating review

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Used cars

Used cars

Retail unit sales

Gross margin %

2020

78,341

6.6%

2019

Variance

2020 LFL

2019 LFL

LFL variance

100,764

-22.3%

5.9%

76,968

6.6%

94,629

6.1%

-18.7%

The sale of used cars represented 28.7% (2019: 26.9%) of total 
gross profit. Like-for-like used unit sales declined by 18.7% which is 
a resilient result given the serious disruption caused by various 
lockdown restrictions throughout the year.

Gross margin was 0.7 percentage points ahead of 2019. In H1 gross 
margin was below last year’s levels as the Group took active 
measures to reduce overall used car stock levels and significantly 
improve the ageing profile in response to the initial lockdown. These 
measures together with an improved market and robust residual 
values drove improved margin during H2.

We continue to focus on robust stock management and sourcing 
good quality vehicles, both of which help to improve profitability. The 
used car market remains of significant importance to our business 
model and continues to represent a significant opportunity for the 
Group. During the period we made several enhancements to our 
business processes including unaccompanied test drives, a number 
of online enhancements and contactless handover all of which have 
helped mitigate the impact of lockdown restrictions and provide a 
catalyst for permanent positive change.

Aftersales

Aftersales

Revenue £m

Gross margin %

2020

383.8

42.9%

2019

495.3

42.8%

Variance

2020 LFL

2019 LFL

LFL variance

-22.5%

378.0

42.8%

470.0

42.2%

-19.6%

Aftersales is a key part of the Group and represented 40% (2019: 
41.3%) of total gross profit. On a like-for-like basis aftersales 
revenues were 19.6% down versus 2019. At the outset of lockdown, 
the Group asked for volunteers from its technicians and parts teams 
in order to maintain a presence at 41 aftersales locations supporting 
key workers.

We continue to focus on increasing the penetration of service plans. 
We now have 168,986 live service plan agreements, which is up 5% 
on 2019. Service plan contracts are a strong retention tool for the 
Group, creating a long lasting and sustainable relationship with our 
customers. 

Our workshops remained fully operational throughout H2 operating 
with upweighted COVID-19 secure protocols to protect both our 
customers and colleagues. We implemented online service check in 
which has proved popular with customers and has helped to drive 
productivity. 

We remain fully committed to our ongoing technician apprentice 
scheme which has developed significantly over the past year.

20       |       Strategic Review

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       21

 
COVID-19 response

Key events 2020 timeline

23 March

Temporary closure of all trading locations announced. Following the introduction of new operating measures, 
the Group subsequently partly reopened 31 locations providing essential repairs and maintenance to key 
workers vehicles and 10 parts distribution centres.

20 April

11 May

18 May

1 June

Group launched new website functionality allowing customers to reserve vehicles, pay a deposit, complete an 
online finance application and receive vehicle delivery and handover at home. We subsequently developed this 
by launching our Click & Drive online offer.

Successfully implemented and tested new operating procedures and the Group reopened all its aftersales 
facilities gradually rebuilding capacity.

Group implemented a new contactless vehicle handover and delivery process delivering nearly 4,000 new and 
used retail vehicle orders in May. Unaccompanied test drives initiated.

Group fully reopened all dealerships in England in accordance with government policy and updated operating 
procedures.

8 June

Group fully reopened all dealerships in Northern Ireland.

29 June

Group fully reopened all dealerships in Scotland. All UK dealerships fully operational from this point.

5 November

New lockdown restrictions in place, pre-booked aftersales service being provided with new and used car sales 
activity carried out via Click & Drive.

December

Various regional and tiered restrictions implemented across England, Scotland, NI and ROI.

4 January 2021

A third national lockdown was implemented. Pre-booked aftersales service being provided with new and used 
car sales activity carried out via Click & Drive.

12 April 2021
(30 April 2021 - NI)

All dealerships fully reopened and trading normally.

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Responding to COVID-19
The COVID-19 global pandemic remains an unprecedented 
challenge. Our response to the pandemic and its consequences 
has been guided by three key principles: 
•  Protecting colleagues and customers
•  Managing the financial consequences and protecting  

•  The Group accessed the Government’s Coronavirus Job  
  Retention Scheme (CJRS) and other Government initiatives to  
  protect cash flow. The Group benefited during the year from  
  £34.9m of receipts under the CJRS arrangements, and a  
  £10.2m business rates holiday. In addition the Group deferred a  
  VAT payment of £15.6m that it settled in full in March 2021.

The Board would like to thank its financing and Banking Club  
who have been very supportive through this difficult period.

Proactive engagement and communication with all 
stakeholders
The Board is very grateful for the support of all stakeholders 
throughout this challenging period. Our OEM Brand Partners have 
been particularly supportive from both an operational and financial 
perspective which has highlighted the underlying strength of the 
UK franchised dealer model.

Employees: Communication and engagement with our colleagues 
is a key priority for the Group.  We made every effort to keep our 
teams engaged including the use of our Workplace by Facebook 
application and various video messages from the Executive 
Management Team. Team wellbeing remains a key focus with 
additional measures and support for those needing them.

Customers: We have remained in active dialogue with both our 
retail and corporate customer base. We were particularly proud to 
support key workers with subsidised servicing and repair and 
continued safe fleet deliveries into the NHS during the lockdown 
period.

Suppliers: We have been grateful for the support from our key 
suppliers. We have sought to agree fair terms and have continued 
to adhere to normal payment practices unless an alternative 
arrangement has been mutually agreed.

Landlords: Unless otherwise agreed the Group continued to pay 
rent throughout the period in accordance with our lease 
obligations. We were very grateful to certain landlords who 
responded positively to our request for deferred payment terms.

Shareholders: We sought to engage proactively with shareholders 
and issued a number of trading and operational updates ensuring 
the market was informed of our trading performance.

the business

•  Proactive engagement and communication with all stakeholders 

Protecting colleagues and customers
Our first thoughts are for those impacted by the virus and their 
families. The Group’s key priority was and remains to protect our 
colleagues and customers and to do everything possible to prevent 
the further spread of the virus.

We provided a comprehensive suite of new operating procedures 
and protocols to all colleagues and we keep these under constant 
review as the situation continues to develop. 

We have upgraded our cleaning regimes and continue to work with 
our supply chain partners to ensure that personal protective 
equipment, hand sanitiser and masks are available. 

We introduced a comprehensive contactless handover process 
and rapidly rolled out unaccompanied tests drives. Our vehicle 
cleaning process is based on a 40-point check giving our 
customers additional peace of mind when taking delivery of their 
vehicle or undertaking a test drive.

Our new Click & Drive website functionality provides an additional 
route for our customers to remotely order a vehicle and have it 
delivered to their home if required.

We rapidly rolled out new technology solutions to support remote 
working from home wherever possible including our customer 
contact colleagues, the head office team and certain dealership 
administrative and sales functions.

Managing the financial consequences and protecting the 
business 
The Board took decisive action in managing the Group’s finances 
in order to protect the business for the long term. These actions 
included:

•  The vast majority of colleagues were immediately furloughed  
  as all trading locations were temporarily closed. 
•  All members of the Board and various members of senior  
  management took 30% pay cuts. These were removed on  
  1 September 2020. Executive bonus entitlement was also  
  waived.
•  Various capital expenditure programmes were delayed.
•  Dividends were suspended.
•  All discretionary costs were reviewed and reduced.
•  Restructuring activity including further site closures and  

redundancies were accelerated. These were regrettable but  

  necessary to protect the long-term future of the business.
•  The Group’s fleet business was reviewed and restructured to  

focus on margin retention and working capital control.

22       |       Strategic Review

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Cash flow
The Group’s net cash inflow from operating activities is £37.8m 
(2019: restated £79.0m).

The prior year net cash inflow includes the benefit of increases 
stocking funding in 2019 (from 81% in 2018 to 93% in 2019) 
alongside a small delay in payments of trade and other payable 
balances at the end of that year.

In 2020, we have seen the unwind of those 2019 year end actions 
which did not repeat in 2020. We have also seen the continued 
focus on working capital, in particular tighter controls around the 
management of inventory and debtors. The year end Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position shows a significant year on year 
reduction in inventory and debtors and we have also seen an 
improvement in the ageing profiles. Stock funding at the balance 
sheet date has remained consistent at 93%.

Property, plant and equipment capital expenditure totalled £13.8m 
(2019: £45.8m) reflecting significantly lower spend as a result of 
the COVID-19 pandemic as the Board took the decision to delay 
and cancel certain initiatives in order to protect the cash position of 
the Group.

The Group realised £18.0m from the disposal of freehold 
properties during the year (2019: £17.6m) and continues to 
benefit from its strong property portfolio. The net book value of 
freehold and leasehold properties was £301m (equivalent to  
77 pence per share) at the year-end.

Net debt* (excluding lease liabilities, vehicle rental liabilities and 
stocking loans) at 31 December 2020 was £40.7m (2019: 
£59.5m). This includes the benefit of £15.6m of deferred VAT 
agreed under Government schemes. 

Bank funding
At 31 December 2020, the Group had a revolving credit facility 
(RCF) of £238m provided by five banks (The Bank of Ireland, 
Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds and NatWest). 

In May 2021, the Group agreed an amendment and extension to 
its RCF, with the same banks. The amended RCF is for an initial 
£150m and will expire on 30 September 2023. Under the 
amended facility, interest is charged at a margin of between 3.25% 
and 4.25% (above SONIA) based on the level of utilisation. The 
facility is subject to quarterly covenant tests on leverage, interest 
cover and a minimum EBITDA* per rolling twelve month period.

The Board has run a number of scenarios and stress tests in order 
to test the appropriateness of these facilities and based on the 
results of those tests, the Board supports the preparation of the 
Annual Report & Accounts on a Going Concern basis.

Financial review

Financial performance
Despite operating against a backdrop of COVID-19 for the majority 
of the year, the Board is pleased with the financial performance  
of the business, recording an underlying profit before tax* of  
£14.1m ahead of 2019 restated £4.0m and a profit before tax of 
£2.0m (2019: restated loss of £45.7m).

The first half of the year was materially impacted by the COVID-19 
pandemic which led to the closure of the Group’s operations for a 
significant period. Despite this, restructuring, strong cost control 
actions and the development of the Group’s omni-channel offering 
(including the launch of Click & Drive) led to a resilient performance 
in the second half, underpinned by significant outperformance of 
the retail UK new car market.

Revenue for the year was £3,699.9m which was 23.0% lower than 
last year (£4,806.5m). Like-for-like* revenue declined by 20.4% 
with revenue from new cars, used cars and aftersales all impacted 
by the COVID-19 pandemic. In line with revenue, gross profit 
decreased by £102.1m to £411.0m (2019: £513.1m). Gross profit 
margin was higher than the prior year at 11.1% (2019: 10.7%) 
largely as a result of strong used margins in the second half of the 
year, driven by a buoyant market and robust residual values.

Underlying net operating expenses at £368.0m (2019: £476.2m) 
were 22.7% below last year. The Group’s Statement of 
Consolidated Income includes the benefit of both a £34.9m 
receipt from the Government’s job retention scheme and £10.2m 
of rates reductions under the Government’s business rates holiday 
scheme. Excluding the elements of government support included 
within net operating expenses (as opposed to cost of sales),  
underlying net operating expenses were 14.6% below last year as 
a result of ongoing focus and control of the Group’s cost base. 

During the year, the Group’s bank borrowings were based on a 
floating rate linked to LIBOR. Net finance costs were slightly below 
the prior year at £28.9m (2019: £32.9m). Given the unprecedented 
COVID-19 situation, the Board made the decision to make 
substantial drawings against the Group’s revolving credit facility 
and hold these sums in cash, creating an inefficient liquidity 
position and increasing financing costs; however, this was offset by 
lower interest cost on vehicle rental liabilities and reduced stock 
levels. 

Taxation
The Group’s taxation charge for the year is £6.1m (2019: credit of 
£3.9m) which is composite of a corporation tax credit of £0.4m and 
a deferred tax charge of £6.5m. The Group’s tax charge is 
considerably higher this year as a result of a significant increase in 
profits chargeable for taxation, capital gains resulting from property 
disposals, and the revaluation of the Group’s deferred tax liabilities 
following the 11 March 2020 Budget announcement that the 
standard rate of corporation tax would remain at 19% instead of 
reducing to 17% from 1 April 2020. The current tax recoverable 
recorded in the Group statement of financial position has reduced 
from £9.8m to £1.1m following receipts received from HMRC 
during the year.

*Alternative performance measures – see Note 30 to the Financial Statements

24       |       Strategic Review

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       25

 
Financial review

Dividends
As a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board 
previously communicated that it will not be recommending a 
dividend for the year ended 31 December 2020. 

The Board remains mindful of its relationships with, and 
commitments to, all stakeholders and recognises the importance of 
dividends to shareholders and will reinstate the payment of 
dividends as soon as it believes that it is prudent to do so.

As noted in our 2019 Annual Report & Accounts, the Board has 
become aware of an issue concerning technical compliance with 
the 2006 Act in relation to the payment of interim and final 
dividends in 2013, 2014 and 2015.
The effect of these irregularities is that the interim and final 
dividends paid in 2013, 2014 and 2015 were paid to shareholders 
at a time when the Company did not hold adequate distributable 
reserves. However, there were sufficient reserves held in 
subsidiaries of the Company which could have been distributed to 
the Company in order to provide the Company with adequate 
reserves.

To satisfy the steps required to rectify these irregularities, the 
Company will put forward a resolution at the Company’s 
forthcoming General Meeting. The Company has put in place the 
necessary controls and processes to ensure that a similar issue will 
not reoccur.

Pension schemes
The Group has two defined benefit pension schemes, The Lookers 
Pension Plan and The Benfield Motor Group Pension Plan. Both 
schemes are closed to entry for new members and closed to future 
accrual.

During June 2020 the former Dutton Forshaw Pension Plan 
trustees resolved to transfer all remaining assets and liabilities to 
The Lookers Pension Plan.
During the year the Group concluded its triennial valuation of The 
Lookers Pension Plan and received approval from its lenders to 
increase pension deficit payments to £12m plus expenses and 
PPF levy, all subject to increases linked to CPI. The revised 
contributions were effective from 1 July 2020.

The Group’s triennial valuation of the Benfield Pension Plan was 
concluded in February 2021 with a continuation of deficit 
contributions of £0.3m plus expenses and PPF levy. 

At 31 December 2020, the aggregate IAS 19 pension deficit is 
£79.3m (31 December 2019: £55.7m). The year on year increase 
arises as a result of the decrease in both corporate bond yields and 
discount rate, which has been partly offset by an increase in the 
schemes’ asset values. The total actuarial loss on the Group’s 
defined benefit pension schemes in the year was £32.5m (2019: 
gain of £7.1m).

Relatively small changes in the bases of valuation can have a 
significant effect on the calculated deficit hence the movement in 
the calculated deficit can be subject to high levels of volatility.

Non-underlying items
The Group recorded net non-underlying costs of £12.1m during 
the year. The Board has taken the view that each of the following 
items relate to costs or income which are not incurred in the normal 
course of business or due to their size, nature and irregularity are 
not included in its assessment of financial performance. Non-
underlying items have been presented separately on the face of 
the Statement of Total Comprehensive Income. 

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The principal items are as follows:

Prior period adjustments - Group

Restructuring costs and associated asset impairment £12.5m
During the year, the Board took decisive restructuring actions to 
position the Group for a strong and sustainable future. This 
included the identification of 12 sites (2019: 15) for either closure, 
consolidation or refranchising. The Group now operates from a 
portfolio of 150 dealerships.

The Board also undertook a review of the Group’s operating model 
in light of both its strategy and the structural changes taking place 
across the industry. This led to 1,500 redundancies being made. 
These costs are now complete.

(a) IFRS 16 leases
During the course of our year end procedures we identified a 
number of leases which had been omitted in error from our IFRS 
16 lease calculations. These omissions have a material impact on 
balance sheets at 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019. As a 
result, and in line with IAS8, we have included this as a prior year 
adjustment. The most significant impact of this adjustment on the 
Group’s 2019 Consolidated statement of financial position is an 
increase in right of use assets and lease liabilities of £11.3m and 
£12.8m respectively. Full details of this adjustment are set out in 
Notes 1 and 13.

Professional fees - £9.2m
In our 2019 Annual Report & Accounts we detailed the Accounts 
investigation. During the year, the Group incurred certain 
professional fees in relation to procedures carried out by a number 
of different advisory firms. These costs are now complete.

During 2020, and into 2021, the Group has continued to improve 
its controls and governance and is making progress against the 
remediation. To date the Group has:

•  Made progress in the formalisation of accounting policies,  
  processes and procedures, focussing initially on financial  
  reporting risk and judgemental areas
•  Restructured the Finance team and recruited a Group  
  Financial Controller
•  Implemented a Financial Reporting attestation process for  
  senior financial and operational management
•  Continued to standardise the Group’s Dealer Management  
  System with more dealerships now aligned to the Group’s  
  agreed “blueprint.”

Goodwill and intangible impairments £3.6m
In the first half of the year the Group made a non-cash impairment 
charge of £2.6m against its Ford cash generating unit, following a 
deterioration in market conditions. The Group also fully impaired its 
Lomond brand in the second half of the year, resulting in a non-
cash charge of £1.0m.

FCA provision £10.4m credit
In March 2021, the FCA advised the Board that it had decided to 
close its investigation against Lookers Motor Group Ltd for the 
possible mis-selling of regulated products between January 2016 
and June 2019.  The FCA investigation was closed without 
applying any sanction but noted several concerns relating to the 
historic culture, systems and controls of the Group which the Board 
fully accepted. The Group is satisfied that the FCA confirmation 
represents an adjusting event after the balance sheet date as this 
provides evidence that there was not an obligating event and have 
therefore released the £10.4m provision - created in the 2019 
Annual Report & Accounts - into non-underlying items in 2020.

(b) Rental fleet vehicles
In addition, as part of our year-end procedures, we identified that 
certain balances and transactions in the Group’s Get Motoring UK 
Limited subsidiary had been incorrectly treated in respect of IFRS 
16 in the Group’s 2019 Annual Report & Accounts. Whilst the 
impact of this is not material to the Group’s Financial Statements, 
the correct accounting treatment does impact the classification 
and treatment of particular financial statement line items and these 
have therefore been corrected. See Note 1 for details.

Prior period adjustment – Company
Dividend receipts
In preparing subsidiary Financial Statements, the Directors 
identified a number of adjustments that had not been made in the 
2019 Group Financial Statements and that impacted dividends 
paid by these subsidiaries to Lookers plc in 2019 and prior. This 
has required an adjustment to the Lookers plc Financial 
Statements. See Note 1d.

*Alternative performance measures 
The Group uses a number of Alternative Performance 
Measures (APMs) which are non-IFRS (International Financial 
Reporting Standards) measures in establishing their financial 
performance. The Group believes the APMs provide useful, 
historical financial information to assist investors and other 
stakeholders to evaluate the performance of the business and 
are measures commonly used by certain investors for 
evaluating the performance of the Group. APMs should be 
considered in addition to IFRS measures and are not intended 
to be a substitute for IFRS measurements.

More details of the APMs and a reconciliation of the IFRS 
measures used in the Annual Report & Accounts to those 
APMs used for KPI monitoring are included in Note 30 to the 
Financial Statements.

Gain on property disposal £3.1m credit
Following the closure of 15 dealerships in 2019, and a further 12 
this year, a number of freehold properties no longer required within 
the Group have been disposed, generating a gain of £3.1m.

Anna Bielby
Interim Chief Financial Officer
30 June 2021

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Key performance indicators

The Group has a number of financial and non-financial KPIs to monitor the performance of the business against its strategic objectives. 
The Board’s target is to improve performance across all KPIs whilst maintaining a balanced approach to risk and the future development 
of the business. 

Financial KPIs

KPI

Definition

Performance

Link to risk factor

Revenue

Total revenue generated across the Group. 

2020: £3,699.9m   2019: restated 

1,3,4,5,6,7

This statutory measure is a key metric that shows 
our business performance and is linked to our 
long term strategy.

£4,806.5m

A decrease of 23.0%, largely as a 
result of COVID-19 and the closure of 
our operations for a significant period 
of time.

Gross profit 
margin

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue. 

2020: 11.1%  

2019: 10.7%

1,3,4,5,6,7

This is a key metric as it shows growth in 
profitability. Our target is to increase the Group’s 
gross profit margin. This metric is linked to our 
long term strategy.

An increase of 0.5 percentage points, 
driven by strong used car margins, 
particularly in H2.

2020: £14.1m     2019: restated 

1,2,3,4,5,6,7

£4.0m

Despite the challenging year, strong 
cost control and government support 
has allowed us to increase underlying 
profit before tax.

2020: 2.93p     

2019: restated 
0.83p

1,2,3,4,5,6,7

An increase of 2.10p reflecting 
higher year on year earnings.

2020: £40.7m  

2019: £59.5m

1,2,5,6,7

Our net debt balance continues to 
reduce. We managed net debt well 
during the year through strong 
working capital disciplines. We also 
benefitted from lower capex and the 
Government’s VAT deferral scheme.

2020: 42.9% 

2019: 42.8%

 1,6,7

Aftersales gross profit margin is 
broadly in line with 2019.

Underlying 
profit before 
tax*

Profit before tax before the impact of non-
underlying items. This is a key metric for our 
stakeholders and is also linked to remuneration.

Our target is to increase underlying profit before 
tax year on year, and to exceed market 
expectation. This metric is linked to our long term 
strategy.

Underlying 
basic earnings 
per share*

The ratio of underlying profit after tax to the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares in 
issue during the financial year. 

Net debt*

Aftersales 
Gross profit 
margin

Our target is to increase underlying basic 
earnings per share year on year. This metric is 
linked to our long term strategy.

Total borrowings excluding lease liabilities, vehicle 
rental liabilities and stocking loans less cash and 
cash equivalents. 

This is an important metric as the Group has a 
number of obligations and it is important that we 
continue to generate cash and manage working 
capital effectively in order to remain compliant 
with banking covenants. 

This KPI supports our operational or shorter term 
objectives.

Aftersales represents a key part of the Group’s 
profitability and it is important that this is 
monitored closely. This is the first time that this 
metric has been included in our Annual Report & 
Accounts as a KPI.

Our target is to maintain gross profit margins 
against a backdrop of changing technologies.

This metric is linked to our long term strategy.

* Alternative performance measures defined in Note 30 of the Financial Statements.

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Non-financial KPIs

KPI Objective

Definition

Performance

Link to risk factor

New car 
performance v 
SMMT

Group new car 
sales

Group used car 
sales

This metric shows the annual performance over 
the year of the Group’s new car registrations (in % 
terms) relative to the market, by comparing to data 
provided by the Society of Motor Manufacturers 
and Traders (SMMT).

This important performance indicator is a new KPI 
this year and supports our long term strategy.

2020: +9.6 percentage points 
2019: -5.4 percentage points

1,6, 7

The Group outperformed the UK 
retail market for 8 consecutive 
months from May 2020 to December 
2020. This trend has continued in 
2021.

Number of new vehicles sold in units. 

2020: 86,555 

2019: 112,906 

1,6,7

This KPI supports our operational and medium 
term objectives. This metric may evolve in the 
future as OEM Brand Partners relationships and 
business models change.

Vehicle sales were lower than 2019, 
largely as a result of our dealership 
closures due to COVID-19.

Number of used vehicles sold in units. 

2020: 78,341 

2019: 100,764 

1,6,7

This KPI supports our operational and medium 
term objectives.

Vehicle sales were lower than 2019, 
largely as a result of our dealership 
closures due to COVID-19.

Employee 
satisfaction

In 2020 we introduced a pulse survey to measure engagement across a number of topics. 
The response rate was 53% and the overall results suggest that our colleagues are 
engaged with the business with particular strengths across personal growth, co-operation 
and teamwork alongside recommending Lookers as a great place to work. 

6,7 

We are also clear that further investment and support is needed on recognition and 
wellbeing and these are two cornerstones of our approach in 2021. We intend to repeat this 
pulse survey in Q3 of 2021 and are expecting to see improvements across the responses.

This KPI supports our operational or shorter term objectives.

The Group continues to track a number of other performance 
indicators and will review and evolve the externally published KPIs 
as required. 

Other KPIs which the Group may share in the future, but for which 
consistent data points do not exist at present include Lookers’ 

Customer Satisfaction score (at the moment the Group is tracking 
above industry average), enhanced People metrics covering 
Diversity and Inclusion and indicators around digitisation and sales 
of electric vehicles.

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       29

 
 
   
 
   
 
   
Risk overview and management

Enterprise risk management framework 
As with all organisations, Lookers is exposed to a wide range of 
risks, both internal and external, as part of our on-going activities. 
The identification and management of those risks is integral to the 
achievement of our long-term goals which rely on our ability to 
identify and control those things that can hurt us and exploit 
opportunities that arise, both within our business and the wider 
market. We identify risks and assess the effectiveness of our 
control environment on an ongoing basis through robust risk 
management processes and reporting. As a part of this, we 
undertake horizon scanning to identify emerging risk, maintain 
ongoing dialogue with the business, provide management 
information to the Executive and the Board and keep up to date 
with developments in the automotive sector and wider economy. To 
assist, we have developed an Enterprise Risk Management 
Framework (ERMF) designed to deliver a common language that 
helps us define and categorise the risks that we face. It sets the 
high-level principles and underpinning minimum requirements for 
the identification, assessment, management and monitoring of 
each of those risk categories in line with Lookers’ defined risk 
appetite.  

Three lines of defence
Lookers applies a “three lines of defence” governance model 
across its business.  The principal aim of this model is to ensure 
that Lookers exercises ownership of risk in the business, and 
independent oversight and challenge of those risks and their 
management by its second line departments (Risk and 
Compliance). Internal Audit (the third line) are in place to provide 
independent assurance to the Board of the effectiveness of our 
controls. In summary the accountabilities between lines are split as 
follows:
•  The first line of defence (the business) are accountable for  
  owning, taking and managing the risk
•  The second line of defence (Risk and Compliance) operate  
independently of the first line.  They do not own the risk but  
instead independently oversee, advise and challenge the first  
line activity 

•  The third line of defence (Internal Audit) provide independent  
  assurance to the Board of the controls 

Risk appetite framework
Our risk appetite framework defines the level of risk we are willing 
to take across the different risk categories and allows us to track 
mitigating action when our tolerance metrics suggest that we are 
moving away from where we want to be. Risk appetite is key for our 
decision-making process, including ongoing business planning, 
new product approvals and business change initiatives.  

In setting the risk appetite, the Board outlines the “tone from the 
top” and provides a basis for ongoing dialogue between 
management and Board with respect to our current and evolving 
risk profile, allowing strategic and financial decisions to be made 
on an informed basis. 

Financial reporting 
The Executive Directors oversee the preparation of the Group’s 
annual corporate plan; the Board reviews and approves it and 
monitors actual performance against it on a monthly basis. When 
deemed appropriate, revised forecasts are prepared and presented 
for Board review and approval. To ensure that information 
consolidated into the Group’s Financial Statements is in 
compliance with relevant accounting standards and the Group’s 
own accounting policies, internal reporting data is reviewed 
regularly.

The Audit and Risk Committee reviews the appropriateness of the 
Group’s accounting policies each reporting period. The Audit and 
Risk Committee considers reports from Executive Management, 
Internal Audit, the Risk and Compliance teams and the Group’s 
external auditor, the application of IFRS and the reliability of the 
Group’s system of control over financial reporting.

During 2020 the Group’s control environment has continued to 
evolve, including internal controls over financial reporting. The 
Financial Risk Policy and supporting Policy Standards have been 
further developed. A review of the underpinning processes and 
procedures has been undertaken and documented, including a 
strengthened balance sheet reconciliation process and a 
dedicated risk and control register. In addition, the Finance function 
has been strengthened with an enhanced operating model 
introduced across the period.

The Board continues to oversee a programme of work to further 
enhance finance controls. These enhancements address the issues 
previously identified in the Financial Review. 

Controls have been designed to ensure that the Group’s financial 
reporting presents a true and fair reflection of the Group’s financial 
position. Many of these improvements have been implemented 
although the process of further improving controls will continue 
during 2021.

Overview of principal risks and uncertainties  
Appreciating that the operation of any business entails an element 
of risk, the Board maintains a policy of continuous identification, 
management and review of risks which may threaten the 
achievement of our strategic objectives. 

These risks are those that could cause the greatest damage if not 
effectively identified, assessed and managed. The Board keeps the 
Group’s risk appetite under periodic review in light of changing 
market conditions and the Group’s performance and strategic 
focus.

The tables opposite give an overview of the principal risks and their 
impact, aligned to the corresponding controls and mitigating 
actions. These risks are not intended to represent an exhaustive list 
of all potential risks and uncertainties, and the factors outlined 
below should be considered in conjunction with the Group’s system 
for managing risk as described below and in the Governance 
section of the Annual Report & Accounts.

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Financial risks

No.

Principal risk and description

Impact

Mitigating activity

1

Liquidity and funding risk 
•  The risk that Lookers does not  
  hold enough liquid assets to meet  
  our financial obligations.  Funding  
  risk is the risk that Lookers is  
  unable to meet its strategic and  
  business objectives due to lack of  
funding availability. Liquidity risk is  
the shorter-term risk that Lookers  
  may be unable to access cash, or  
  bank facilities such as deposits,  
  overdrafts or loans, required to 
  meet its day-to-day business  
  requirements. 

•   A failure of cash  
  management to ensure all  

financial obligations are met  
  when they fall due or failure  
to fund the future needs and  

  growth of the business.

•  We ensure that this risk is managed by  
  preparing regular financial forecasts to  
  evaluate our funding and liquidity  
  requirements for the foreseeable future.  
  These forecasts are reviewed and approved,  
  and appropriate solutions are put in place. 

•  Reputational damage with  
  external stakeholders.

•  We ensure that monthly budget  
  management accounts are monitored.  

•  Failure of the Group to  
  secure Bank funding,  
leading to a dramatic  
  reduction in profitability  
  which may adversely change  

the lending decision  

  by banks.

•  Failure of the Group to  
  secure Bank funding,  

leading to lack of cash to    
  meet short term funding    
  needs owing to banking    
  convents being breached. 

•  We ensure that debt to equity ratios remain  

in line with policies.

•  We ensure that the position with our  
  Banking Club is kept under continual review  
including compliance with our covenants.

•  We ensure that cash and short term   
  deposits exceed short term liabilities.

•  The management of this risk has been  
  under close daily review throughout the  
  period of the COVID-19 outbreak and  

tactical measures put in place as appropriate 
to ensure an appropriate level of liquidity  
  and funding until such time as the business   
  returns to our normal trading environment.

•  The Group applied for and received support  

from the Government’s emergency    
  measures for business, notably the    
  Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme  

•  We strive to achieve optimal working capital  
  efficiency and debt repayment forecasting. 
  We continually maintain open dialogue with  

the Banking Club

Pension risk

No.

Principal risk and description

Impact

Mitigating activity

2

Pension risk
•  The risk that Lookers does not  
  adequately manage pension  

liabilities.

•  The risk that Lookers fails to  
  manage funding of its pension  
  schemes.

•  Failure to manage the  
  pension deficit leading to an  
increase in the deficit which  
impacts on the level of  
  deficit payments we are  
  required to make to the  
  scheme. Indirectly it may    
  also have an adverse  

implication on share price   

  and credit rating.

•  We maintain relationships with pension  
trustees and deliver against pension  
investment plans. We have kept both the  
trustees and regulator informed as we have  
  managed the threats posed by the business  
  being temporarily closed as a result of  
  COVID-19.

•  We regularly review investment performance  
  and liability. The investment strategy aims to  
  partly mitigate the impact of increases in  

liabilities, for example by investing in assets  
that will increase in value if future inflation  
  expectations rise. The assets held are also  
  well diversified reducing the impact.

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Risk overview and management

Regulatory risk

Conduct risk

No.

Principal risk and description

Impact

Mitigating activity

No.

Principal risk and description

Impact

Mitigating activity

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3

Regulatory risk
•  Where the Group’s activities are  
  subject to regulatory compliance  
there is risk of failure to comply  
  with applicable laws, regulations,  
  and codes.

•  Potential poor customer  
  outcomes, financial loss or  
imposition of penalties,  
  damages or fines on the    
  Group.  

•  We have continued to invest in capability  
  and capacity of the Risk and Compliance  
function to support the business and  

  manage our relationship with regulators and  
  other stakeholders.

•  Failure to address  

forthcoming regulatory  

  developments.

•  We have a Legal function which supports  
  colleagues in identifying and limiting  
  Legal risks.

4

Conduct risk 
•  Conduct risk is the risk that our  
  behaviours, attitudes, motivations  
  and actions lead to unfair   
  customer outcomes or poor  
  standards of conduct in our  

trading activities. 

•  Failure to maintain  
  appropriate regulatory  
  permissions for Lookers’    
  activities.

•  Failure to manage regulatory  
  relationships effectively.

•  Failure to comply with  
  appropriate reporting  
  disclosure and associated   
  requirements.

•  We have reviewed and refreshed our  
  regulatory rule mapping to ensure    
  applicable regulations remain covered and  
that we have an appropriate compliance  
framework.

•  We conduct horizon scanning processes to  
identify changes in regulatory expectations.  

  These include any changes that may be  
  required as a result of the FCA supervisory  
  review and enforcement process.

•  We ensure that we maintain open and  

transparent relationships with our regulator.  
In the period we have continued to work  
  closely not only with our Supervisory team  
  but also the Enforcement team who have  
  now closed their investigation into our  
  historic sales practices without sanction and  
the Primary Market Oversight division who  

  ended their active interest following the  
  publication of the 2019 year-end accounts  
  and restoration of our shares.

•  We have also engaged appropriate external  
  advisors to provide knowledge and   
  assurance to enable the Board to assess its  
  compliance with its legal and regulatory  
  obligations as and when appropriate.

•  We have identified a number of gaps in our  
financial reporting and financial control  

  processes which we have and are continuing  

to address and enhance by formalising  

  procedures, training staff, recruiting   
  additional staff and implementing  
  compliance reviews.

•  Ineffective governance and  
  monitoring arrangements   
leading to unfair customer  

  outcomes.

•  A culture that does not put  

the customer at the heart of  

  everything we do.

•  Failure to securely maintain  
  and monitor our customer   
  data. 

•  Failure to have procedures  
in place to identify and treat  

  vulnerable customers  
  appropriately.

•  Failure to design products in  
  accordance with the firm’s  
  values or to meet customer  
  needs. 

•  Failure to manage and  
investigate complaints  

  appropriately. 

•  We ensure that fair customer outcomes are  
  embedded within our corporate strategy.

•  We ensure that identification and fair  

treatment of vulnerable customers is integral  
to the Lookers’ way of doing business. 

•  We ensure new financial promotions, sales  
  process and products design processes are  
  based on robust market research and deliver  
  clear and simple products that meet the  
  needs of our customers.

•  We deliver effective training to help our  
  people understand how they can deliver the  
  best customer outcomes.

•  We have invested considerably during the  
  year in capability and capacity within the  
  Compliance function to support the   
  business and manage our relationship with  

the regulators and other stakeholders. 

•  Our remuneration incentives, commissions  
  and performance management practices  
  are being designed to drive the right  
  behaviours helping to deliver fair customer  
  outcomes.

•  We continually work towards ensuring the  
  accuracy, security and consistency of the  
  customer data that we hold.

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Risk overview and management

Financial crime risk

Strategic and business risk 

No.

Principal risk and description

Impact

Mitigating activity

No.

Principal risk and description

Impact

Mitigating activity

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5

Financial crime risk 
•  The risk that Lookers is used to  
launder the proceeds of crime,  
finance terrorist activities, commit  
fraud or evade financial sanctions.  

  This includes any actions    
  perpetrated against Lookers  

involving fraud, theft, dishonesty   
(including bribery and corruption),  
internal or external, misconduct or  
  misuse of information relating to a  

financial market.  

•  We fail to protect our  
  customers, and our business  
from breaching obligations  
  designed to prevent and    
  deter the risk of financial    
  crime, including internal and  
  external fraud against the   
  Group or its customers.

•  Failure to comply with the   
  Group’s obligations under   
the Corporate Criminal  
  Offence legislation and the  
  subsequent consequences.

•  We continue to embed the financial crime  
  policies and procedures that we put into  
  place over 2019 and have trained our  
  colleagues accordingly to ensure that they  
  understand their obligations to report all anti  
  money laundering-related suspicions or  
  concerns.

•  We ensure that colleagues understand their  
  obligations and put in place processes that  
  allow them to report all suspicions of internal  
fraud/malpractice by colleagues, contractors, 

  customers or suppliers.

•  We ensure that anonymous reporting  
  processes are in place via the whistleblowing 
  process.

•  We have in place an Anti-bribery and  
  Corruption Policy and the appropriate  
  underpinning processes and procedures.

•  Where instances of financial crimes arise  

these are thoroughly investigated and where  
  appropriate criminal prosecution is pursued. 

6

Strategic and business risk 
The risk that insufficient strategic 
planning and/or poor execution 
result in a failure to deliver our 
strategy and create shareholder 
value, including to:

•  adequately manage relationships  
  with the manufacturers.

•  adapt to changing market   
  demands including autonomous  
  driving, EVs and shared mobility  
  demands.

•  adequately monitor and react to  
  changes following the UK’s  
  departure from the EU.

•  Monitor and react to any potential  
  new COVID-19 variants that lead  
to additional restrictions and/or  
interruption to the supply chain.

The risk that developments in the 
wider market, including the 
worldwide shortage in semiconductor 
chips impacts on the ability of the 
firm to execute its strategy.

•  Failure to demonstrate the  
  value-add of the franchise  
  model resulting in  
  manufacturers moving to    
  direct to customer  
  sales model. 

•  Failure to meet customers’  
  demand for greener vehicles  
  and adapt the business  
  model to potentially lower   
  demand of diesel vehicles   
  resulting in revenue and    
  profits suffering damage.   

•  Failure to create or protect  
  shareholder value.

•  Failure to proactively monitor  
  and react to issues following  
the departure of the UK  
from the EU, and the  
  developing world-wide  
  shortage of semiconductor  
  chips impacting supply  
  chain.

•  General economic  
  uncertainty or downturn in  
  consumer confidence  
  arising from Brexit or other  
  macro-economic issues  
  e.g. COVID-19 resulting in   

loss of revenue and  

  operating profit. 

•  We have comprehensive management  
information which tracks performance  
  against strategic objectives and allows  
  dynamic adjustments to be made to   
inventories, pricing and procurement  

  processes in order to respond to  
  market forces.

•  We maintain manufacturer and brand  
  diversity in order to reduce risk. 

•  We continually work on improving existing  
  day-to-day business relationships with  
  manufacturers and consider their needs  
  when setting our own business objectives  
  and strategies.

•   We ensure that research is conducted, and  
industry leading advice is sought when  

  setting the strategic objectives.

•  The impact on our market of the COVID-19  
  outbreak is being carefully managed so that  
the firm is best placed when the restrictions  

  are relaxed.

•  We have worked hard on digital and   
  contactless journeys, ensuring that we can  
  meet the needs of our OEM Brand Partners  
  and customers whilst ensuring safety,  
  compliance and confidence in a COVID-19  
  environment.

•  We are working closely with our OEM Brand  
  Partners who manage the global automotive  
  supply chain to develop the necessary  
  mitigating actions to ensure continuity of  
  supply to mitigate issues such as the  
  world-wide shortage of semiconductor chips 
  and changes in trade relations with the EU.

•  We mitigate economic risk by managing a  
  balanced portfolio of new vehicle sales, used  
  vehicle sales and after sales and continually  
  optimising our dealerships and operating  
  model.

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Risk overview and management

Operational risk

No.

Principal risk and description

Impact

Mitigating activity

7

Operational risk 
Operational risk is defined as a failure 
of our people, policies or procedures 
and is divided into a number of 
subcategories (Level 2 Risks) 
including:

Information, IT and cyber security 
and business continuity risk
•  The risk of ineffective underlying  
IT infrastructure supporting the  
  Group’s day-to-day operations and  
  generating timely management  

information.  

•  The Group processes personal  

information which leads to a risk of  
failure to protect confidential or  
  sensitive data which could result in  
  significant operational and  
  reputational damage.
•  The Group is responsible for the  
  safeguarding of data, in  
  accordance with the Data   
  Protection Act 2018 (DPA)  
  and related legislation. 
•  As the Group clearly defines its  
  digital presence it is also mindful  
  of the additional Cyber risks that  
  require identification from   
  management.

Health, safety and wellbeing risk 
•  The risk that the Group does not  
  have adequate learning and  
  development, resource and  
  succession planning  
  arrangements in place.  
•  The risk that Lookers is unable to  
  meet its business objective  

including legal and regulatory  
  compliance owing to poor health  
  and safety management and  
failures to comply with legal  

  obligations.

Third party supplier and  
outsourcing risk 
•  The risk that third-party suppliers  
  and/or critical outsourcing   
  providers are not appropriately  
  managed on an ongoing basis,  

including the impacts in the event  

  of supplier failure.

•  The Group is unable to meet its  
  current and future business  
  objectives because of  

Information Technology systems  
failures, failing to keep pace with  
technological change, or    
logistical crisis and inadequate  
investment in systems and  

  controls. 
•  Business interruption without  
  robust business continuity  
  provisions could materially  
impact the ability to service  
  customers and clients, resulting  
in reputational damage and  

  associated financial loss.
•  The Group could be subject to  
  Cyber-attack resulting in    
  business interruption, theft of  
  data or ransom.

•  Failure of the Group to develop,  
  retain and motivate highly skilled  
  employees, in a safe working  
  environment that are necessary  

to support operations.

•  The Group fails to meet HSE  

legislation leading to the risk of  
  personal injury and/or fines and  

legal action.

•  The Group fails to meet its legal  
  and regulatory compliance 
  because of inappropriate   
  sourcing decisions including  
  outsourcing, errors or omissions  
in supplier contracts and/or  

  supplier failure. 

•  We have established Operational Risk  
  policies which are regularly reviewed.
•  We have implemented incident  
  management processing to ensure major  
incidents are dealt with appropriately and  

  problems are logged and actively  
  progressed to resolution. 
•  We undertake risk and control  
  assessments to monitor compliance.  
•  We continually monitor our mandatory  
  regulatory training to ensure that all   
  colleagues are kept informed. 

•  We continually invest in our IT  

infrastructure. 

•  We are making risk management  
improvements involving people,  

  processes and technology as well as  
  prioritising the work according to our  
  assessments of security and resilience  
  exposure. 
•  We have continued to tighten our  
  control of personal data in accordance  
  with the DPA 2018 requirements.
•  We are undertaking a wide-ranging   
  programme of work to enhance our   
  Cyber and information security controls.

•  We operate a robust Health and Safety  
  system to ensure compliance with HSE  

legislation. In addition, we have  

  developed detailed health and safety  
  protocols to ensure social distancing and  
  safe working practices as we begin to  
  reopen after the COVID-19 lockdown.  
  This includes ensuring the right level of  
  personal protective equipment (PPE) is  
  available at all of our sites. 

•  We ensure that incident reporting 

including lessons learnt exercises take  
  place to meet health and safety obligations. 

•  We have established Third Party  
  Supplier and critical outsourcing  
  policies which are regularly reviewed.  

•  We ensure where relevant that all  
  suppliers are subject to audits to ensure  
  our suppliers are compliant with legal  
  and regulatory requirements.

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Viability statement

In accordance with the Corporate Governance Code, the Board 
have assessed the viability of the Group over the three-year period 
to 31 December 2023.

The Board believe this period to be appropriate as:

i) The Group’s detailed plan encompasses this period; and
ii) We typically look to obtain a revolving credit facility for at  
  least three years.

Process and scenarios considered
The Group’s detailed plan considers the profit and loss, cash flows, 
debt and other key financial ratios over the period including 
compliance with existing covenant arrangements. These metrics 
are subjected to sensitivity analysis, in which a number of the main 
underlying assumptions are adjusted and tested to consider 
alternative risk-based scenarios. The detailed plan takes into 
account the Group’s response to COVID-19, including the 
development of Click & Drive, see pages 22 to 23 for more detail 
on  the Group’s responses to COVID-19.

As detailed in Risk Overview and Management on page 30 the 
Group identifies risks on an ongoing basis through a robust risk 
management process. We have stress tested our detailed plan 
taking into account severe but plausible scenarios which are 
aligned to the Group’s risk appetite and principal risks as 
documented on pages 31 to 36. The Board has also considered 
the availability of the Group’s banking facility, which runs until 30 
September 2023, and the likelihood of securing a new facility 
thereafter.

The Board’s assessment of the Group’s viability over the period has 
been made with reference to:

•  The impact on the Group of the COVID-19 pandemic, and  
  potential longer-term impacts on consumer confidence;
•  the long-term impact of automotive technological change;
•  digital disruption to our markets and pricing; and 
•  potential business model changes of our key suppliers.

We have also considered the emerging issue of semi-conductor 
shortages, and the likely impact on stock availability. Whilst 
accepting that this could reduce sales volumes in the short term, in 
a severe but plausible scenario we do not consider there to be a 
significant impact on our overall viability assessment. The impact of 
Brexit has been considered and it is not deemed to have a 
significant impact on this assessment. Modelling these risks tests 
the Group’s ability to withstand a material reduction in revenue and 
margin.

While it is impossible to foresee all risks (or take into account risks 
which are currently immaterial but could turn out to be significant) 
mitigating activities could be performed, for example reducing 
capital expenditure, discretionary spend or making changes to 
dividend payments. 

In the most severe scenario modelled, the test indicates that the 
Group has sufficient headroom in its banking facility and would not 
breach any of the associated covenants. Details of the Group’s 
financing arrangements can be found in Note 22 of the Financial 
Statements.

Viability statement
Having assessed the current position of the Group, its prospects 
and principal risks and taking into account the assumptions above, 
the Board has determined that it has a reasonable expectation that 
the Group is financially sound and stable and therefore will be able 
to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over 
a period of three years from 1 January 2021.

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Section 172 statement and  
non-financial information statement

The Board is accountable to shareholders for the management, 
performance and long-term success of the Company. The Directors 
have regard to their duty under section 172 of the Companies Act 
2006 to act in the way which they consider, in good faith, would be 
most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit 
of its members as a whole and, in doing so, consider (amongst 
other matters):  

(i)    the likely consequences of any decision in the long term;  

(ii)   the interests of the Company’s employees; 

(iii)   the need to foster the Company’s business relationships with  

  suppliers, customers and others;  

(iv)   the impact of the Company’s operations on the community  

  and the environment; 

(v)   the desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for  

  high standards of business conduct; and  

(vi)   the need to act fairly as between members of the Company.

Section 172 requires Directors to have regard to wider stakeholder 
interests when discharging their duty to promote the success of the 
Company. The Board understands that the long-term prosperity 
and success of the Group is dependent on understanding and 

respecting the views and needs of our stakeholders including 
shareholders, customers, employees, and the wider communities in 
which we operate across the UK and Republic of Ireland.

It is the Board’s view that our ability to engage effectively with our 
stakeholders is critical to the success of the Group. Details of our 
stakeholder engagement in relation to Workforce Engagement, 
Corporate Social Responsibility, our Modern Slavery policy and 
Relations with shareholders are detailed in the Non-Financial 
Information Statement below and are also covered in part in this 
statement. The various sections of our Strategic Report, including 
our COVID-19 update, and the Corporate Social Responsibility 
Report are also key documents of reference when considering how 
the Company has interacted with its stakeholders.  

The Board recognises the support of all of its stakeholders, 
including its employees, OEM Brand Partners, shareholders, 
Banking Club and also its regulators during the challenges faced 
by the Group during 2020 and would like to extend its thanks to all 
of those who helped the Group resolve the issues faced.  

The following table provides information on the ongoing 
stakeholder engagement methods used by the Group, information 
on areas of note for 2020 and management actions on matters 
applicable to each stakeholder group. 

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Our shareholders
The Board recognises that the 
Company’s relationship with its 
shareholders are of critical importance. It 
is against this backdrop that the Board 
engages with shareholders and investors 
on a regular basis on matters of policy 
and strategy. We have regular 
communications such as trading results, 
annual reports and stock exchange 
announcements. 

Meetings are regularly held with analysts 
and major shareholders and our PR 
advisers.

Shareholders are encouraged to attend 
the Annual General Meeting where they 
have an opportunity to ask questions of 
Board members and senior executives. 
The Company also adheres to its 
obligations in respect of material votes 
against any resolutions at General 
Meetings and further engages with 
shareholders accordingly. 

The Chairman and Company Secretary 
are available to answer shareholder 
queries via CoSec@lookers.co.uk 

The Board was extremely disappointed 
that the share listing was suspended 
during 2020.  The Board considered 
carefully the implication of this to 
shareholders and the senior executives 
worked extremely hard to ensure the 
issues that had led to this were resolved 
so that the listing could be restored, 
which it believed was in the best interests 
of all stakeholders. 

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic the 
Board had to consider the safety of 
shareholders and comply with 
Government rules and was disappointed 
to have to hold a closed Annual General 
Meeting (AGM) and General Meeting in 
2020 and AGM in 2021.  

Feedback from our PR advisers, brokers 
and other sources on significant issues 
raised following the release of 
information is provided to the Board and 
the Board uses this feedback to help 
better inform any decision making 
process.

The Board sponsored and oversaw a 
systems and controls remediation 
programme to ensure that the Company 
was able to have its shares restored to 
the Official List and to be traded on the 
London Stock Exchange. The Board was 
extremely pleased that following the 
considerable effort made to enhance the 
governance of the Group in order to 
satisfy the FCA that we can meet the 
obligations to maintain a premium listing, 
the share listing was restored in January 
2021.  

As at the time of writing the Government 
restrictions and guidelines indicate that 
the Company will be able to hold the 
Accounts General Meeting as an “open” 
meeting, with all shareholders able to 
attend. However, it is relatively soon after 
the lifting of restrictions and we 
anticipate that the event will be quite 
different to usual because of social 
distancing requirements. We are 
monitoring Government advice on the 
format of the Accounts General Meeting, 
which could change ahead of the 
meeting. The Board is keen to resume 
the usual format for its AGM in future.

At the General Meeting held in 
December 2020, significant votes 
against the Remuneration Report were 
received.  Details of how this has been 
addressed are included in the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report on page 84.  

The level of debt was significantly 
reduced during the year providing more 
stability to the liquidity of the Group to 
the benefit of our stakeholders. 

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Section 172 statement and  
non-financial information statement

Engagement method

Considerations

Actions taken

Engagement method

Considerations

Actions taken

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Our colleagues
We keep in touch with our colleagues 
through regular updates from the 
Executive team. This includes ensuring 
that all people working with us are aware 
of financial and economic factors 
affecting the Group’s performance.  

Regular staff surveys are conducted.  
Staff consultations are undertaken, 
where appropriate, on matters impacting 
them.  

A schedule of quarterly listening 
sessions hosted by a Non-Executive 
Director have been implemented.  

We encourage and nurture a culture that 
is open and supportive with a healthy 
approach to speaking up. We are 
committed to the highest possible 
standards of openness and 
accountability and acknowledge that 
there may be occasions when people 
become aware of or suspect 
wrongdoing.

As such, we operate a Whistleblowing 
Policy that encourages our people to 
raise any concerns of wrongdoing as 
soon as possible in the knowledge that 
their concerns will be taken seriously and 
investigated appropriately whilst 
protecting its confidential nature and 
their anonymity. To ensure objectivity and 
independence, our Chief Risk Officer is 
the nominated point of escalation with 
oversight of each case being given by a 
Non-Executive Director.

Operating a safe environment for our 
colleagues is of paramount importance 
and we have worked hard during the 
period to ensure that our COVID-19 
protocols are in place and working 
appropriately.

Our people are central to our business. 
We strive to create a culture of diversity 
and inclusion. We provide a workplace 
with attractive benefits and opportunities 
for career progression. 

The quarterly listening sessions are an 
opportunity for the Non-Executive Board 
to hear feedback from staff directly and 
raise the profile of the Non-Executive 
Directors across the business. Any issues 
or suggestions arising from these are 
communicated to management on a no 
names basis.  

During 2020 a new Head of HR was 
appointed, who has subsequently been 
promoted to Chief People Officer. One of 
the key tasks for this executive is to 
improve the way in which management 
interacts and communicates with our 
colleagues and seeks their views. One 
such consultation taking place is to seek 
views on how the Head Office will 
operate in a post COVID-19 environment.  

The Group operates various employee 
ownership share schemes.  

Staff surveys are undertaken, with the 
results and proposed actions reported 
across the business and to the ExCo and 
Board.  

Statistics on staff turnover, attrition, 
internal promotions and recruitment 
statistics that indicate the level of 
engagement within the organisation are 
presented to the Board.  

Our Health and Safely team continually 
audit our dealerships and liaise with the 
appropriate public bodies where needed. 
This is in turn reported to the Board to 
give them the assurance that our 
COVID-19 protocols are effective.

The Board recognises the incredible 
amount of hard work and great results 
achieved by all teams across the business 
during what was a very difficult year for 
the Group. Senior Executives have made 
sure that the appreciation of the 
management team has been 
communicated, and the Board would like 
to reiterate the thanks.

Careful consideration to the furlough of 
staff was given and staff safety during the 
pandemic was of prime consideration. 
The Group utilised the Government’s 
Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme to 
support the retention of staff as far as was 
possible.  More information on this is 
included in the separate statement on 
page 82.

Revised staff remuneration and incentive 
schemes were discussed during the year 
and introduced for management and 
sales staff in early 2021. The aim of these 
was to improve the balance between 
basic salary and OTE in order to drive the 
correct behaviours and to make them 
more consistent and easier for our 
colleagues to understand.  Further 
changes will be implemented over the 
course of 2021 for aftersales staff.  We 
also standardised work hours to improve 
work/life balance.

Our training and competency scheme has 
been embedded and all sales staff and 
sales management are required to 
complete a number of mandatory 
e-learning modules and receive a monthly 
one-to-one.

Redundancies were made during the year 
via a properly consulted and documented 
process. Whilst this was an incredibly 
difficult decision to have to make, the 
Board had to consider Stakeholders as a 
whole, including our colleagues who 
would remain, and took a difficult decision 
to ensure a strong business remained as 
we emerge out of lockdown.  

Action taken following the results of staff 
surveys include the introduction of various 
initiatives. More information on this and 
some of the other workforce matters 
described above can be found in the  
Corporate Social Responsibility 
Statement on pages 81 to 82.

Our customers
We obtain the views of our customers in 
a number of different ways, including 
customer listening and from 
manufacturer, in-house and online 
surveys. 

Our customer listening sessions have a 
direct influence on business decisions. 
For example, during the session at the 
end of 2020 our customers told us how 
much they enjoyed unaccompanied test 
drives. We have continued to offer these 
despite the relaxing of COVID-19 
restrictions in this area.   

We use Reputation.com to benchmark 
our performance and reputation against 
our industry peers. This partnership has 
also increased the number of customer 
reviews we receive with our average star 
rating on google increasing from an 
average of 4.1 in 2019, to 4.2 in 2020 
and 4.4 2021 year to date.  We now have 
over 20,000 five star reviews on Google.  

We are also able to benchmark against 
manufacturers in relation to customers 
using research including net promoter 
scores, manufacturer balanced scorecard 
metrics and customer satisfaction 
measures.  

We undertake mystery shopping 
exercises to gain insights into the sales 
process and ensure that we are 
obtaining good customer outcomes. 

Reporting and insights are regularly 
shared and reviewed with senior 
management and the Board.

The Board considers that the fostering 
and promotion of a culture of treating 
customers fairly and behaving ethically in 
all our interactions is of paramount 
importance. As a retailer, we appreciate 
that our reputation for excellent 
customer service is key to our success, 
and that retaining the trust of our 
customers is crucial to our business. Our 
strapline “Lookers for Life” embodies our 
focus on having positive and long-lasting 
and sustainable relationships with our 
customers.

Ensuring a fantastic customer 
experience is fundamental to the 
success of Lookers. Customer 
complaints metrics are reviewed at 
Board meetings with updates given on 
numbers of complaints, speed with 
which complaints are resolved, complaint 
themes, and root cause analysis 
undertaken to improve customer 
outcomes.

Training and development is critical not 
only to deliver a compliant experience for 
our customers but also to help our 
customer facing teams with the softer, 
more emotional aspects of customer 
experience. Over the next four months 
we will be rolling out GREAT customer 
experience. This is a simple framework 
that has been designed following 
feedback from our top performing sales 
colleagues; those that are exceeding 
sales targets by consistently 
demonstrating great behaviours. 

Training has been designed to introduce 
the framework and the behavioural skills 
required with the objective of maximising 
sales, by delivering a GREAT customer 
experience and good customer 
outcomes. 

GREAT Customer Experience training 
compliments the Sales Process 
Awareness – L1 & L2 training that all our 
sales colleagues and new starters are 
required to complete.  Sales Process 
Awareness delivers the “What” we need 
to do and GREAT focuses on the “How”. 

The Group has worked hard to improve 
its score on Reputation.com over the 
past six months and all divisions have a 
score above that of the national average.  

The Board continues to oversee a 
cultural change programme for the 
Group as part of the transformation 
programme reported in our 2019 Report 
and Accounts. The independent Board 
Committee comprised of certain Non-
Executive Directors that was established 
to ensure the proper implementation of 
actions identified has made considerable 
progress and a lot of work has been 
done to set the cultural tone from the 
top.  Whilst the Board believes that the 
situation is vastly improved the process 
of change and improvement is ongoing. 
Enhancements to the way we monitor 
both culture and behaviours and 
embedding these across the Group is an 
ongoing area of focus. 

We have reviewed our remuneration 
frameworks to ensure that the structure 
of our incentives promote the right 
behaviours. This has included the 
introduction of compliance underpins. 

During 2020 we identified examples 
where there were inconsistencies 
between the outstanding balance of 
some settled finance agreements and 
the amount that had been passed back 
to the customer. Remediation action was 
taken to ensure that the impacted 
customers were put back into the 
position that they would have been prior 
to the error. In any such instance, it is 
important to the Board that management 
conduct a thorough root cause analysis 
of the problem and take action to 
improve our training, processes and 
systems to ensure the issues do not 
reoccur. We view this as a continual 
improvement process.

We have designed our sales processes 
and sales oversight framework to ensure 
good customer outcomes. 

We do however acknowledge that things 
can go wrong and commit that where 
they do, we have measures in place to 
take corrective action promptly. 

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Section 172 statement and  
non-financial information statement

Engagement method

Considerations

Actions taken

Engagement method

Considerations

Actions taken

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Our customers (continued)
Senior management receive feedback 
from dealerships on customer feedback 
and report to the Board.   

As with our colleagues, operating a safe 
environment for our customers is of 
paramount importance and we have 
worked hard during the period to ensure 
that our COVID-19 protocols are in place 
and working appropriately.

In addition to our Quality Assurance 
framework, we undertake mystery 
shopping exercises and customer 
listening sessions to gain insights into 
the sales process and ensure that we are 
obtaining good customer outcomes.

In addition, during 2020, the Board took 
the decision to recommence certain 
capital expenditure to improve both 
equipment and premises as a direct 
consequence of health and safety 
considerations.

Health and safety at our dealerships is of 
prime importance and the operation of 
the Group’s business during the 
COVID-19 pandemic was an ongoing 
Board discussion during 2020.  Our 
Health and Safely team continually 
audited our dealerships and liaised with 
the appropriate public bodies where 
needed. This was in turn reported to the 
Board to give them the assurance that 
our COVID-19 protocols were effective.

Click & Drive was introduced in order to 
allow customers to continue to purchase 
cars whilst our dealerships were shut.  
We wanted to ensure that our customers 
were able to still take possession of 
vehicles in the most safe and frictionless 
environment as possible. The restrictions 
forced us to look at things differently and 
enhance our online capabilities which 
has made a real improvement to our 
customer experience and the transaction 
process. 

During the periods that the dealerships 
were open, we ensured that all 
precautions were taken to reduce the 
risk of transmission of COVID-19 to best 
protect our customers and staff.  More 
information is included in our specific 
COVID-19 statement on pages 22 to 23.  

Our suppliers
The Group deals with a wide range of 
third-party suppliers.

Our OEM Brand Partners are clearly 
central to our strategic aims and as such 
our senior management team work 
closely with them to ensure a close and 
continuous dialogue.  

Our funding relationships are also core to 
the achievement of our strategic aims. 
The Finance team maintain regular, open 
and constructive dialogue with our 
Banking Club.

The management of our wider third party 
suppliers is also recognised as critical to 
the Group’s success and as such we 
keep these relationships under continual 
review.

The Group is fortunate to have as its key 
suppliers the leading automotive 
manufacturers. Almost all of our 
manufacturer partners use a variety of 
ways to measure the performance of our 
dealerships such as balanced 
scorecards, customer feedback surveys 
and dealership audits. 

We engage fully with these assessments 
and use the data to improve our 
processes, reviewing dealership KPIs on 
a monthly basis and sharing best 
practice across divisions to improve 
processes and performance. The Board 
receives these measures and factors 
these into the decision-making process.

The Board received regular updates from 
the Director of Finance (Corporate) on 
the facilities with our funders and 
lending banks, both in terms of corporate 
debt and stocking funding.

Third party supplier risk is managed as a 
category within the Board approved 
Enterprise Risk Management Framework 
which sets the high level principles and 
minimum requirements that the Board 
and Executive expect the Group to align 
to when entering into and then 
managing a third party relationship.

The franchised dealer model is strong, 
resilient and supportive. The management 
team worked closely with our OEM 
Brand Partners during 2020 and a 
number of initiatives were agreed with 
them to support the Dealer network. 
These included the removal of targets 
and introduction of guaranteed margin, 
extension to funding periods, suspension 
of brand audits and standards, 
suspension of training fees and 
reduction of demo and courtesy vehicle 
requirements.  

We worked closely with our OEM Brand 
Partners during 2020 to reduce the 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on 
our operations.  

The Group was focussed on amending 
and extending its banking facilities 
during 2020 and into 2021. The banks 
have been very supportive throughout a 
protracted period of uncertainty.  The 
Board is pleased to have been able to 
secure the necessary revolving credit 
funding from its lending banks and 
stocking funding from both manufacturer 
and third party funders to ensure the 
Group can operate to the benefit of all 
stakeholders. More information is 
included on page 25.  

As a part of the embedding our 
Enterprise Risk Management framework, 
we have worked through an assessment 
of the risks and controls associated with 
our third-party management. This has 
seen us look to invest further in 
procurement and ongoing supplier 
management.

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Section 172 statement and  
non-financial information statement

Non-financial information  
statement

Engagement method

Considerations

Actions taken

This section of the Strategic Review constitutes Lookers plc’s Non-Financial Information Statement, produced to comply with sections 
414CA and 414CB of the Companies Act. The information listed is incorporated by cross-reference.

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Our communities and the environment:
Environmental policies are regularly 
reviewed.  

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we 
were pleased to be able to keep our 
aftersales facilities open to offer support 
to the NHS and key worker community.  
This included 41 locations from 23 
March 2020 with a phased approach to 
see the remaining aftersales centres 
being open by mid-May.

The Board and Executive Committee 
have been considering how to accelerate 
our approach towards EV and 
sustainability and have made two key 
hires to lead on this.  More information 
can be found in our Corporate and Social 
Responsibility statement on page 80.  

Lookers supports its communities 
through a number of different initiatives 
including supporting colleagues to 
volunteer in our communities, creating an 
award-winning apprenticeship 
programme which creates routes into 
work for young people and charitable 
giving. 

The Group recognises that its activities 
have an impact on the environment and 
is therefore keen to promote and support 
initiatives that minimise the effect of 
such activities through adherence to its 
environment policy. We monitor the areas 
of our business that may impact on the 
environment including contamination, 
asbestos, waste oil, waste recycling 
together with energy, water and fuel 
efficiency. Lookers monitors its energy 
consumption and continues to 
implement energy saving initiatives such 
as solar PV installations, biomass boilers 
and energy saving technologies such as 
smart controls. We recognise the 
importance of committing to reducing 
our carbon emissions. We work to review 
our use of resources and the emissions 
of the products that we sell with the goal 
of improving our carbon footprint and 
reducing our emissions.

Taking the above into account, the Board considered several key 
areas impacting stakeholders during the course of 2020. The 
Board was cognisant of its duties under section 172 and the 
impact on its various stakeholders when making decisions, some of 
which were extremely difficult to make but vital to the ongoing 
success of the Group. A summary of the key decisions is below; 
more information is described within the Chairman's Statement 
and COVID-19 Response sections of the Strategic Report and in 
the table above.

•   Introduction of new remuneration and incentive schemes and a  
  cultural change programme.
•  Capital expenditure programme to improve equipment  
  and premises.
•  Extension of banking facilities.
•  Suspension of the share listing and subsequent actions to  

secure restoration.
•  Closure of 12 sites.
•  Board and senior management pay cuts.
•  Dividend suspension.
•  Furlough of staff and redundancies.

Reporting requirement

Policies and standards which  
govern our approach

Page(s) in the Annual Report & Accounts

Environmental matters and  
greenhouse gases

Environmental policy*

Section 172 Statement – Page 46

Corporate social responsibility review, 
including mandatory carbon reporting – 
Pages 80 to 81

Employees

Employee Gender Pay Reporting**

COVID-19 response – Pages 22 to 23

Health and Safety Policy*

Section 172 Statement – Page 42

Ethical Policy Statement*

Diversity Policy**

Code of Conduct Policy*

Corporate social responsibility statement, 
including ethical employment and diversity, 
human rights, recruiting, retaining and 
developing our people, communicating with 
our people, COVID-19 impact and stay safe 
and healthy – Pages 81 to 82

Volunteering Standards*

Section 172 Statement – Page 46

Corporate Social Responsibility review – 
Pages 80 to 82

Corporate social responsibility review, human 
rights – Page 81

Social matters and  
Community Engagement

Respect for human rights

Modern Slavery Act Statement** 

Data Privacy Policy*

Information and Cyber-Security Policy*

Anti-corruption and anti-bribery

Anti-bribery and Anti-Corruption 
Fraud Risk Management Policy

Operational and other risks – Page 34

Modern Slavery - Page 81

Description of the business 
model

Description of principal risks and 
impact of business activity

Non-financial key performance 
indicators

Business model and strategy – Pages 14 to 15

Risk overview and management -  
Pages 30 to 36

Non-financial key performance indicators - 
Page 29

*Certain Group policies are internal standards and guidelines and are not published externally.
**These policies are published elsewhere and are not contained within this Annual Report & Accounts. 

This report was approved by the Board of Directors and is signed 
on its behalf by:

Mark Raban 
Chief Executive Officer 
30 June 2021

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Governance

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Board of Directors

We are committed to ensuring the right balance of skills and 
experience in the Board and regularly review its composition in 
line with our Company purpose. 

We made a number of changes to the Board throughout the 
year and subsequently. In December 2020, we were pleased to 
welcome Robin Churchouse as Independent Non-Executive 
Director and Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee. In January 
2021, Anna Bielby was appointed as Interim Chief Financial 
Officer and Duncan McPhee was promoted to Chief Operating 
Officer.  Both have been appointed to the Board as Executive 
Directors.  On 1 April 2021 Paul Van der Burgh was appointed 
as a Non-Executive Director.  Heather Jackson stepped down 
from the Board on 30 April 2021.

Full details of changes made to the Board during 2020 and up 
to the date of this report are described within the Nomination 
Committee Report on page 72.

Key: 
•  PLC: Board of Directors of Lookers plc; 
•  ARC: Audit and Risk Committee; 
•  NomCo: Nomination Committee; 
•  RemCo: Remuneration Committee; 
•  LMGB: Board of Directors of  
  Lookers Motor Group Limited; 
•  ExCo: Executive Committee; 
•  OpsCo: Operations Committee. 

Mark Raban
Chief Executive Officer

Appointed: July 2019 (CFO)  
(February 2020 (CEO)) 

Membership:  
PLC, LMGB, ExCo, OpsCo

Skills and Experience:
•  30 years retail experience
•  Significant experience with acquisitions,  

integration and disposals

Mark has 30 years retail experience including finance and 
acquisitions director at Inchcape Retail Limited, finance & 
commercial director at Care UK and finance director at 
Selfridges. Mark played a significant role in the IPO of 
Marshall Motor Holding and its subsequent growth in his 
role as chief financial officer.

Mark is a natural leader and his deep sector knowledge 
alongside his strong finance and turnaround background 
makes him a strong and invaluable Chief Executive Officer 
of the Group.

Mark supplements these talents with significant finance 
experience including financial planning and analysis; 
business development initiatives and project 
management; working capital improvement, cash 
management and debt financing; turnaround and 
performance improvement.

External Appointments:
•  Director of Precise Finance Limited

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Board of Directors

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Phil White CBE 
Non-Executive Chairman

Victoria Mitchell 
Non-Executive Director,  Chair of LMGB  
and Interim Chair of RemCo 

Robin Churchouse 
Non-Executive Director and  
Chair of ARC

Anna Bielby 
Interim Chief Financial Officer

Appointed: September 2006  
(Non-Executive Chairman), November 2019 (interim 
Executive Chairman until 31 March 2020 when he returned 
to his Non-Executive role). Phil once again took on the interim 
role of Executive Chairman on 1 July 2020 in order to guide 
the business through the restoration of its premium listing on 
the Official List of the London Stock Exchange. Following 
release of the interim results on 29 January 2021, he 
returned to his position as Non-Executive Chairman. 

Membership: 
PLC (Chair), NomCo (Chair), RemCo*

Skills and Experience:
•  Qualified chartered accountant
•  Considerable board governance experience, at both  
  non-executive and executive level

Phil was chief executive of National Express plc for nearly  
10 years until 2006. Prior to this, Phil joined West Midlands 
Travel Limited as finance director in 1994 before taking on 
the role of managing director in 1995 where he stayed for 
two years until his promotion at National Express Group. Phil 
brings his wealth of experience as a chair of FTSE and other 
companies to the Group, ensuring Board effectiveness and 
corporate governance. Within the board, he helps ensure 
clarity, critical thinking, constructive debate and challenge 
and the running of an effective Board. Externally, he ensures 
there is effective engagement with our investors over our 
strategy, long-term sustainability and corporate governance.

External Appointments:
•  Non-Executive Director of VP plc
•  Non-Executive Director of Vibroplant Trustees Limited
•  Non-Executive Director of Vantage Motor Group Limited
• 
• 

 Non-Executive Director of Vantage Garages (Blackburn) Limited
 Non-Executive Director of Vantage Motor Group Automotive 
Limited

•  Non-Executive Director of Vantage Motor Group Holdings Limited

*Not during periods of Executive office

52       |       Governance

Appointed: December 2019

Appointed: December 2020

Appointed:  January 2021

Membership:  
PLC, LMGB (Chair), ARC, NomCo, RemCo (Interim Chair)

Membership:  
PLC, LMGB, ARC (Chair), NomCo, RemCo

Skills and Experience:
•  Experienced chief operating officer
•  Strong risk and legal experience

Victoria has a 30-year history of working in the financial 
services industry. She is skilled in financial services and risk 
management.

Victoria was formerly chief operating officer of Capital One 
(Europe) plc after previously holding the positions of chief risk 
officer and chief legal counsel.

As well as her legal background, Victoria also brings board 
experience across operations and risk within the financial 
services sector. Victoria’s deep regulatory experience and 
understanding of regulation and risk in the financial services 
sector is of the upmost importance to the long-term 
sustainability of the Group.

External Appointments:
•  Non-executive director of The West Bromwich  
  Building Society
•  Non-executive director of N Brown Group plc

Skills and Experience:
•  Qualified chartered accountant and experienced  
  chief financial officer, with a background in risk and  
  operations management
•  Extensive financial services regulatory experience,  
  alongside a track record in mergers and acquisitions and  

strategic consulting  

Robin has over 30 years financial services experience in 
leading and advising finance, risk, operational and strategic 
teams in a wide range of regulated financial services 
organisations. Most recently, he was chief financial officer of 
Yorkshire Building Society, having held a variety of senior 
executive roles there after working as finance and commercial 
director for a number of mortgage servicing companies, and 
as both a strategy consultant and financial services regulator.  
Robin graduated in law at Cambridge and qualified as a 
chartered accountant with Price Waterhouse.

Robin’s experience as an accountant and his strong 
professional and financial services background are key 
attributes to the long-term sustainability of the Group.

External Appointments:
•  Non-executive director of Belmont Green Financial Limited 
•  Non-executive director of Commercial and Northern Limited

Membership:  
ExCo, OpsCo 
Anna stepped down from the Board with effect from 30 June 
2021 but remains as Interim Chief Financial Officer until 31 
July 2021.

Skills and Experience:
•  Qualified chartered accountant
•  Retail and plc experience

Anna trained as a chartered accountant with PwC, where she 
worked for 14 years specialising in retail and was an audit 
director. She brings plc experience, having worked at KCOM 
Group for five years in a number of senior financial roles, 
latterly as chief financial officer.

External Appointments:
•  Director of BLB (UK) Limited

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       53

 
 
 
Board of Directors

Duncan McPhee 
Chief Operating Officer

Paul Van der Burgh 
Non-Executive Director and  
Senior Independent Director

Philip Kenny 
General Counsel and Company Secretary

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Appointed: January 2021 

Membership:  
PLC, LMGB, ExCo, OpsCo

Skills and Experience:
•  25 years retail operations experience

Duncan has over 25 years of experience in the motor retail 
industry including spending the last 12 years at Lookers in a 
number of senior management roles, the previous 9 years at 
Franchise Director level and most recently, he has been Chief 
Retail Operations Officer with responsibility for the dealership 
portfolio and OEM Brand Partners relationships.  Before 
joining Lookers, he spent 10 years with Arnold Clark in 
Scotland, including five years as general manager.

Duncan’s deep sector expertise and insight is of paramount 
importance to the Board. His strategic thought, customer 
centric mindset and pragmatic approach are a real asset to 
the long-term sustainability of the Group.

External Appointments:
•  Director of Bryn Edwin Management Company Limited

Appointed: April 2021

Membership:  
PLC, LMGB, ARC, NomCo, RemCo 

Skills and Experience:
•  Highly experienced in the global automotive industry
•  35 years experience, with senior executive positions  
  at leading multinational brands around the world

Paul has extensive experience in the global automotive 
industry, having held senior executive positions at leading 
multinational brands around the world for 20 years.

He spent 15 years at Toyota and Lexus, most recently as the 
president and managing director of Toyota (GB).  Prior to this, 
Paul held a variety of roles at Ford in the UK and the 
Americas. Paul has also been an executive director of the 
Society of Motor Manufacturers & Traders. 

He is well known and highly respected throughout the motor 
industry for all he has achieved in his career.  His in-depth 
understanding of the industry and the changing dynamics in 
the market are invaluable to the long-term sustainability of 
the Group.

External Appointments:
•  None

Appointed: December 2019 

Membership:  
PLC*, LMGB*, ExCo, OpsCo 
* as Company Secretary

Skills and Experience:
•  Qualified Solicitor (2007)
•  Significant experience in corporate finance and  
  commercial law
•  Specialising in aerospace, IT and the textile industries

Philip graduated from the University of Central Lancashire in 
2004 with a Bachelor of Laws. He has 14 years legal 
experience as a qualified solicitor including as counsel for 
defence information: military air and information at BAE 
Systems plc and director, general counsel and company 
secretary at Best Dressed Group Limited (incorporating 
Jigsaw Clothing).

Philip has significant experience in sitting on and advising 
both plc and private company boards of Directors in all areas 
of business and commercial/corporate finance law including 
IPR, IT, general commercial, data, terms and conditions, cross 
border, employment, litigation, corporate finance and capital 
markets, company secretarial matters and mergers and 
acquisitions.

External Appointments:
•  Legal consultant - PK Business Consulting Limited
•  Director, Perfect Human Limited

54       |       Governance

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       55

 
Group Executive Team

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Mark Raban 
Chief Executive Officer

Anna Bielby 
Interim Chief Financial Officer

Duncan McPhee 
Chief Operating Officer

Philip Kenny 
General Counsel and Company Secretary

See page 50 for full profile

See page 53 for full profile

See page 54 for full profile

See page 55 for full profile

Marcus Kenny
Chief Risk Officer

Andy Garrett 
Chief Information Officer

Chris Whitaker
Chief People Officer

Appointed: Joined in an interim capacity in May 2019 and 
switched to permanent (and became a Director of Lookers 
Motor Group Ltd) in October 2019

Appointed: October 2020

Membership:
ExCo & OpsCo

Membership:
LMGB, ExCo, OpsCo

Skills and Experience:
•  Extensive regulatory and strategic change expertise having  

led a number of regulatory and strategic remediation  
  programmes and high profile acquisitions and disposals.
•  Multi-channel retail and PLC experience.
•  Proven regulatory relationship management experience  
  with both the FCA (authorisations, supervision and Primary  
  Market Oversight) and PRA.
•  Developed and implemented contemporary Enterprise    
  Risk Management frameworks appropriate for the varying  

size and complexity of various firms and their varied markets.

•  Successful track record in developing and leading risk    
  and compliance teams with the right levels of capability   
  and capacity.

Marcus is a senior governance, risk and compliance 
professional with a unique blend of capability and experience 
across a variety of sectors including retail, insurance, consumer 
credit and banking.

External Appointments:
•  None

56       |       Governance

Skills & Experience:
•  Over 10 years experience driving technology enabled    
  change and transformation in major omni-channel retailers.
•  Proven C-suite IT professional in all aspects of IT strategy,  
  delivery and day-to-day operations.
•  Has led significant technology changes to stabilise and  
  now modernise the Lookers business.  
•  Leading the digital transformation at Lookers including  
  key strategic projects across the business. 

Andy started his career in Technology at Fujitsu and has 
worked for several big retailers over the years, such as B&Q, 
Screwfix and Travis Perkins; holding a range of senior roles in 
both Technology & Business Change.

Now as Chief Information Officer the purpose of his role is to 
lead on the digital transformation of the organisation and 
deliver the Technology that underpins it. 

Andy also attends the LMGB and Audit and Risk Committee 
by invite.

External Appointments:
•  None

Appointed: March 2021  
(interim from 1st December 2020)

Membership:
ExCo & OpsCo

Skills and Experience:
•  25 years of HR leadership experience gained at a leading  

listed technology services business, and within the  

  public sector.
•  Deep expertise in Reward, Change Management, the    
impact of the UK governance code on remuneration  

  matters, and mergers and acquisitions.
•  Significant experience of attending and advising PLC    
  Boards, Remuneration and Nomination Committees on all  
  people related issues.

Chris brings extensive HR & Leadership experience gained 
across all HR disciplines and carries expertise in Reward and 
Change Management. Chris is leading the Group’s review of 
Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in 2021. 

Chris attends and advises Remuneration and Nomination 
Committee by invite. 

External Appointments:
•  None

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s statement on  
corporate governance

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Introduction from the Chairman
As I report in my opening Chairman’s statement, 2020 proved to be 
an extremely difficult year for the Group. During the year the Board 
had to address many legacy issues including the newly discovered 
potentially fraudulent transactions and accounting irregularities 
which we set out in detail in our reports for 2019. 

were in 2019. Governance will continue to be a focus, recognising 
the role this will play in the delivery of our strategy and purpose.  
More information on the work undertaken in 2020 and so far in 
2021 is described in the Risk Overview and Management section 
of the Strategic Report on page 30 and in the Report from the 
Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee on pages 74 to 79.

This led to both external and internal accounting investigations, the 
findings of which resulted in detailed discussions with our auditors 
and regulators. As a consequence of these issues, combined with 
the global COVID-19 pandemic, we were unable to publish our 
2019 Annual Financial Statements or our June 2020 interim 
financial results on time. A request to the FCA to temporarily 
suspend our shares ensued. 

Once concluded, our full year results for the year 2019 were 
published on 25 November 2020 and our unaudited interim 
results for the six months ended 30 June 2020 were published on 
29 January 2021. During the period of suspension, the Board 
instigated a review into the Group’s systems and controls, both 
financial and non-financial, insofar as they related to the 
Company’s ability to adhere to its listing obligations. As a 
consequence of this, the Group took the opportunity to enhance its 
control framework including updating policies, procedures and 
processes.

Corporate governance statement
The Board is responsible for the culture and values of the Group, 
and the system for internal controls. The Board has taken action in 
following recommendations made in relation to improvements in its 
governance, systems and controls and financial reporting 
described above and elsewhere in this Report. It is confident that 
there are processes and practices in place within the Group to 
promote the long-term sustainable success of the business and 
protect the interests of our stakeholders.

The UK Corporate Governance Code published by the Financial 
Reporting Council in July 2018 (the Code) sets out principles for 
good corporate governance. The Code is available on the FRC 
website, www.frc.org.uk. Good governance supports the Board’s 
decision-making and ensures risks are identified and appropriately 
managed to enable the long-term sustainable success of the 
Company. In 2020, the Group complied with the provisions of the 
Code other than:

On the publication of the interim results on 29 January 2021 and 
in conjunction with the conclusion of the control framework 
improvements, we requested and were granted restoration of our 
shares to the official list of the London Stock Exchange on 29 
January 2021. 

On behalf of the Board, I apologise unreservedly for the uncertainty 
caused by this and I would like to thank my Lookers colleagues for 
their tireless work during this period to both ensure we continued 
to trade as effectively and compliantly as possible but also for their 
inherent desire to do the right things. I would also like to thank our 
stakeholders for their ongoing support of the Company during this 
difficult time.  

As far as legacy issues are concerned, and as previously reported, 
we have been working internally to review our governance, systems 
and controls as they relate to our regulated activities. On 2 March 
2021 we announced that the FCA had advised the Board of its 
decision to close the investigation against Lookers Motor Group 
Ltd for the possible mis-selling of regulated products between 
January 2016 and June 2019. The FCA closed the investigation 
without applying any sanction but noted several concerns relating 
to the historic culture, systems and controls of the Group which the 
Board fully accepted. The £10.4m financial provision contained 
within the 2019 Financial Statements has now been released 
following confirmation of the outcome. 

In summary, the Board continued to respond to ongoing challenges 
seen by the Group during 2020 by driving transformative change 
through all aspects of our business.  The change process is 
ongoing, but I am pleased to report on the significant changes 
made and that the Group is now in a stronger position than we 

i)  Provision 5 in relation to the methods used to engage with the  
  workforce. The Board has used an alternative method to engage  
to those recommended by the Code. More detail on the method  

  used is given on page 61. 
ii)  Provision 12 regarding the Senior Independent Director  
  meeting the Non-Executive Directors to appraise the Chair’s  
  performance. The rationale for this is explained on page 64.  
iii)  Provision 19 concerning the tenure of the Chair. An explanation  
  of the reasons for this position are provided on page 67. 

Board leadership and the Company’s purpose

Culture
Treating customers fairly is central to our culture and is 
fundamental to the delivery of our business strategy. The Board is 
ultimately responsible for the oversight of the Company’s culture 
and ensuring that this reflects our customer-centric values. The 
Board believes that tone is set from the top and in the importance 
of leading by example.

Considerable progress was made during the second half of 2020, 
continuing into 2021, to document our values and ensure they are 
reflected in the behaviours of our colleagues and other stakeholders 
and in the undertaking of activities which support our strategic, 
operational and risk management objectives.  A significant part of 
the Board evaluation for 2020 related to behaviours and setting the 
tone across the business.  

58       |       Governance

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |      59

 
Chairman’s statement on  
corporate governance

We recognise that governance and culture is central to achieving 
fair treatment of our customers and returns for our shareholders. 
2019 and 2020 were the ultimate test of where the Lookers 
culture was and where we wanted to be. We believe, in the 
management of the challenges across this period, from the 
financial reporting issues to the emergence of the COVID-19 
pandemic, that we have shown adaptability and acceptance of 
challenge on and of our culture. We acknowledged and have 
addressed areas where there is need for improvement and we 
continue to embed and build trust with our colleagues and 
stakeholders, acting with integrity, identifying our mistakes if made, 
putting things right where so and preventing them from occurring 
again in the future.  

Purpose
Our purpose and values from the showroom to the boardroom are 
set out below:
•   We are proud to serve the communities around us
•   We inspire and excel in the work we do and the talent we build
•   We promote a workplace culture that rewards merit, values  
  diversity and cares for the environment
•   We work with our suppliers in a spirit of partnership
•   We faithfully represent the values and culture of our global OEM  
  Brand Partners through commitment to technology, training and  
  people development; and
•   We trade responsibly and govern to ensure the long-term  

sustainability of the Company

This was a key focus for the Board during 2020 with work being 
done to document, communicate and update practices (including 
in relation to how staff are incentivised) to fully embed the required 
culture to address previous issues across the business. We believe 
that the Group now has a stronger culture which reinforces and 
rewards the right behaviours by ensuring our colleagues have the 
knowledge, tools and motivation to do the right thing. Culture is 
seen as a key driver to the success of our business and our 
disclosures within the Strategic Report highlight the importance of 
this on our operations. 

Looking to the future
The CEO sponsored ongoing enterprise wide cultural change 
programme looking at our mission, strategy and, very importantly 
behaviours and key operating principles, continues. This programme 
will include the continued focus on all the issues identified by 
Grant Thornton in an independent review undertaken and 
subsequent internal investigations. Transparency and doing the 
right thing sit right at the heart of this change programme. We 
believe that the Group’s future high level of business performance 
will be made possible by the fundamental values that underpin 
each of its actions. Keeping these values in mind, we build our 
customers’ and stakeholders’ trust in us, our employees’ dedication 
to the Group, a comfortable work environment and effective 
business practices. 

More information is included in our Business Model and Strategy 
on pages 14 to 15, our section 172 Statement on pages 40 to 46 
and the Corporate Social Responsibility Review on pages 80 to 82.  

Stakeholder engagement
In its decision-making, the Board considers the interests of its 
investors, key stakeholders, and the wider communities in which it 
operates. Further information on stakeholder engagement 
activities can be found in the Corporate Social Responsibility 
Statement at page 82 and the section 172 statement on pages  
41 to 46.

Shareholders
The Company places considerable importance on communications 
with shareholders and responds to them on various issues. It has an 
ongoing programme of dialogue and meetings with major 
institutional shareholders, where a range of relevant issues 
including strategy, performance, remuneration, management and 
governance are discussed.

The Chairman always makes himself available to meet any major 
shareholder, as required.

All Company announcements are posted on our website  
www.lookersplc.com/investors/regulatory-news as soon as they 
are released. Our website contains a dedicated investor relations 
section, with an archive of past announcements and presentations, 
historical financial performance, share price data and a calendar of 
events. 

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The principal communication with private investors is through the 
Annual Report & Accounts (ARA), the Interim Report and the 
Annual General Meeting (AGM). A presentation is usually made at 
the AGM to facilitate greater awareness of the Group’s activities. 
The Board were unable to offer this at the AGM or separate 
General Meeting held on 29 June and 28 December 2020 due to 
Governmental restrictions imposed as a consequence of the global 
COVID-19 pandemic, although investors were given the 
opportunity to submit questions beforehand. As explained in the 
Notice of Annual General Meeting posted to shareholders on 7 
June 2021, because of the timing of publishing the 2020 ARA, the 
Company’s AGM only considered matters that are not related to the 
ARA. A separate General Meeting to approve the ARA related 
business will be convened (the “Accounts General Meeting”).  Whilst 
the 2021 AGM had to be held as a closed meeting due to 
COVID-19 restrictions, the Accounts General Meeting is currently 
expected to be held without Government restrictions, although we 
will be operating with social distancing measures. Shareholders will 
again be given the opportunity to submit questions in advance. 

Under normal circumstances, shareholders are given the 
opportunity to ask questions of the Board and of the Chairs of each 
Board Committee and to meet the Directors informally after the 
meeting. The Board values the opportunity given by the AGM to 
meet with shareholders in person and to take their questions.  

Separate resolutions are proposed for each item of business, with 
voting conducted by a poll. All valid proxy appointment forms are 
recorded and counted and, after a vote has been counted, 
information regarding the votes is published on the Company’s 
website. The Notice is posted to shareholders at least twenty-one 
days before the date of the Annual General Meeting. Should a 
significant proportion of the votes cast be against the resolution, 
the Company would explain, when announcing the result, what 
action it intends to take to understand the reasons behind the 
result. At the General Meeting held on 28 December 2020 there 
were concerns raised by shareholders in relation to the 
Remuneration Report, with 29% of those shares voted being 
against the passing of the resolution to approve it. The Company 
announced that the Remuneration Committee would reflect on this 
and communicate with shareholders in relation to the specific 
actions it intended to take. A statement was published on the 
Company’s website setting out the Board’s understanding of the 
reasons for the objections and more information is also included in 
the Directors’ Remuneration Report on page 84.  

Workforce engagement
The Code recommends ways in which the Board should engage 
with employees by either a director appointed from the workforce, 
a formal workforce advisory panel or a designated non-executive 
director. During 2020 the Board agreed that rather than adopt one 
of these options, it should have collective responsibility for 
workforce engagement and  a quarterly listening session 
programme has commenced in 2021 whereby via rotation a Non-
Executive Director will meet with different groups of employees to 
gather views. The Board believes that this will provide both the 
ability to receive a wider range of feedback from a large and 
geographically diverse range of employees and also aid visibility of 

the Board across the workforce. Feedback from these sessions is 
relayed to the Board and executives on an anonymised basis. More 
information on this and the employment initiatives undertaken 
during 2020 are explained within the business model and strategy 
and section 172 Statement. 

The Group has whistleblowing arrangements in place whereby the 
workforce can raise concerns in confidence.  The Audit and Risk 
Committee routinely reviews this and reports arising from its 
operation, as explained in the Report of the Chairman of the Audit 
and Risk Committee.

Division of responsibilities

The Board
The Board currently comprises the Non-Executive Chairman, Chief 
Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Senior Independent 
Director, two independent Non-Executive Directors and, until 30 
June 2021, the Interim Chief Financial Officer. The biographies of 
the Directors on pages 50 to 55 provide details of their roles and 
details of their external appointments.

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
The Chairman leads the Board and the Chief Executive Officer 
manages the Group and implements the strategy and policies 
adopted by the Board. The division of responsibilities between the 
role of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer is clear and is set out 
in writing. The Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer work 
together to set the Board’s agenda, supported by the Company 
Secretary.  The Chairman ensures a culture of openness and 
debate and facilitates constructive discussions between the 
Executive and Non-Executive Directors. Managing these 
relationships has been of particular importance during what has 
been a difficult year for the Group.  

Senior Independent Director
It is the primary responsibility of the Senior Independent Director to 
act as a sounding board for the Chairman, and to provide a 
communication channel between the Chairman and the Non-
Executive Directors ensuring that the views of each Non-Executive 
Director are given due consideration. The Company Secretary would 
minute any unresolved concerns expressed by any Director. In 
normal circumstances, the Senior Independent Director will lead the 
other Non-Executive Directors in the annual performance evaluation 
of the Chairman. As explained elsewhere in this report, a different 
approach was taken to the evaluation in 2020.  The Senior 
Independent Director would also usually chair the Nomination 
Committee in respect of the Chairman’s succession.  However, due to 
the timing of the search for a Chairman’s successor and the 
departure of Heather Jackson as Senior Independent Director, the 
current search for a new Chairman is being led by Victoria Mitchell 
and she is also taking the Chair for relevant meetings of the 
Nomination Committee where Chair succession is discussed. 

60       |       Governance

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       61

 
Chairman’s statement on  
corporate governance

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Board balance and independence
The Board has a balance of Executive and Non-Executive Directors 
such that no individual or small group of individuals can dominate 
the Board’s decision-making process. The Board reviewed the 
overall balance of skills, experience, diversity, independence and 
knowledge, making additional appointments in 2020 and 2021 to 

enhance the balance between Executives and Non-Executives.  
The Nomination Committee Report on pages 70 to 73 provides 
more details on the changes to the Board and process for 
appointment of new Directors.  The Non-Executive Directors are 
encouraged by the Chairman to provide constructive challenge and 
scrutiny of management performance.

The table below sets out the Directors in place during 2020 and as at the date of this report.  The numbers in the table indicate the 
balance of Directors (Executive versus Non-Executive) excluding the Chairman to evidence the Company’s compliance with the Code.

Period

2020

Executive  
Directors

Independent  
Non-Executive Directors

Non-Independent  
Non-Executive Directors

Chairman

1 January – 4 February

Mark Raban 
Richard Walker

2  

5 February – 12 March

13 March – 28 February

1 March – 30 March

31 March – 29 June

30 June

1 July – 7 December

8 December –   
31 December

2021

1 January – 4 January

5 January – 28 January

29 January – 31 March

1 April – 30 April

1 May – 30 June

Mark Raban 
Cameron Wade
Richard Walker

Mark Raban 
Richard Walker

Mark Raban 

Mark Raban 

Mark Raban 

Mark Raban 

Mark Raban 

Mark Raban 

Anna Bielby 
Mark Raban

Anna Bielby 
Duncan McPhee
Mark Raban 

Anna Bielby 
Duncan McPhee
Mark Raban 

Anna Bielby 
Duncan McPhee
Mark Raban 

3

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

3

3

3

Sally Cabrini 
Stuart Counsell
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell

Sally Cabrini 
Stuart Counsell
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell

Sally Cabrini 
Stuart Counsell
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell

Sally Cabrini  
Stuart Counsell
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell
Richard Walker

Sally Cabrini 
Stuart Counsell
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell 
Richard Walker

Stuart Counsell 
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell

Stuart Counsell 
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell

Robin Churchouse 
Stuart Counsell
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell 

Robin Churchouse 
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell 

Robin Churchouse 
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell 

Robin Churchouse 
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell 

Robin Churchouse 
Heather Jackson
Victoria Mitchell
Paul Van der Burgh

Robin Churchouse 
Victoria Mitchell
Paul Van der Burgh

4

Tony Bramall 

1

Phil White1

4

Tony Bramall 

1

Phil White1

4

Tony Bramall 

1

Phil White1

5

Tony Bramall 

1

Phil White1

5

Tony Bramall 

1  

Phil White2

3

3

4

3

3

3

4

3

Tony Bramall 

1

Phil White2

Tony Bramall 

1  

Phil White1

Tony Bramall 

1

Phil White1

Phil White1

Phil White1

Phil White2

Phil White2

Phil White2

62       |       Governance

1 Executive Chairman  2 Non-Executive Chairman. Further details of changes made to the Board in the year under review are included in 
the Nomination Committee report on page 72.

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       63

 
 
 
Chairman’s statement on  
corporate governance

Time commitment and external appointments
The time commitment of Non-Executive Directors is set out on 
appointment and is regularly monitored. Details of the Board’s 
external appointments can be found on pages 50 to 55.  The 
Board has considered each of these appointments, noting the 
Directors’ other commitments, and is satisfied that each of the 
Non-Executive Directors is able to devote sufficient time to the 
Group’s business. 

Board operation
The Board meets regularly throughout the year. It is responsible, 
with the support of Board Committees and the Executive 
Committee, for setting the purpose, values, culture, and strategy of 
the Group. The Board has a schedule of matters reserved that is 
regularly monitored. Matters reserved for decision by the Board 
include decisions in relation to the Group’s strategy, oversight of 
the system of internal control, compliance and risk management, 
major capital expenditure, approval of bank borrowings, and major 
changes to the Group’s corporate structure.

The Group maintains appropriate Directors’ and Officers’ liability 
insurance in respect of legal action against its Directors.

Induction and training
The Chairman takes overall responsibility for the Directors, training 
and development. Following appointment to the Board, Directors 
receive a comprehensive induction to enable them to acquire a 
detailed understanding of the Group’s business, strategy and the 
key risks and issues. This includes meetings with the Chairman, the 
Chairs of the Board Committees, the Company Secretary, senior 
management and other key individuals from around the business 
and visits to a range of dealerships. 

Throughout the year, updates on developments in legal and 
governance matters are provided to all Directors. All Directors are 
required to complete our e-learning training modules which 
includes training on a variety of legal and regulatory topics. The 
Board has received specific refresher training via an interactive 
online session with Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer on the 
obligations, responsibilities and liabilities of directors on a premium 
listed company. This occurred in November 2020 and all new 
subsequent Directors have also received an in-house version of 
this training.

Board evaluation
The Board last commissioned an external Board evaluation in 
2019, the results of which were shown in last year’s Annual Report 
& Accounts. In 2020 an internal evaluation was carried out via the 
completion of questionnaires by the Board of Directors and 
representatives of the management team. The questionnaire was 
sent out towards the end of 2020 and was designed to allow free 
form responses rather than a series of tick boxes.  The information 
gathered as part of this exercise was then collated into a detailed 
discussion paper by the Chairman which was deliberated on at a 
special meeting of the Board in March 2021. This more informal 
process allowed Directors and senior management to speak freely 
about issues and concerns which was important after what had 
been a very difficult period for the Group.  

64       |       Governance

Because of the events of 2020 and the numerous changes to the 
Board over the period, it was not deemed practical to have 
separate appraisals for the individual Directors and the Chairman 
as the performance and behaviours of the Board and how the 
members worked together were discussed in detail as part of the 
wider process.  The challenges experienced by the Group during 
2020 meant that a considerable amount of extra input was needed 
by the Non-Executive Directors over the year. Careful consideration 
was given to  the split of duties between Non-Executive and 
Executive roles of the Directors and as a result of the challenges 
faced there was often some overlap in responsibilities. The 2020 
Board evaluation highlighted this and allowed this to be discussed 
and addressed once again. It was noted that from the beginning of 
2021 we have been able to move back to a normal split of 
responsibilities and we believe that the Board is now operating 
more effectively.  The recent changes to the Board have introduced 
additional skills which will continue to enhance its performance. 
This  has allowed us to move into 2021 in a very positive way and 
we will continue to build on this during the year.  As we moved 
forward through 2021, we are conscious that we have a relatively 
new Board with the exception of the Chairman. This brings about 
both opportunities and challenges and these will be monitored and 
optimised accordingly.

Key recommendations arising from the evaluation discussions 
included:
•  The need to return to normality with a clear distinction between  
  Executive and Non-Executive roles;
•  More meetings to be held across the various dealerships and  
  amongst the workforce;
•  Continue to rebalance the Board to ensure its composition  
  captures all the necessary skills;
•  The Board needs to be more accessible and visible to the Group  
  as a whole post the elimination of COVID-19 restrictions;
•  To put greater emphasis on strategic planning post COVID-19;
Increased profile for the Committees with particular regard to  
• 
the Audit and Risk Committee and the Internal Audit function.

Role of the Company Secretary
In furtherance of their duties, the Directors have full access to the 
advice and services of the Company Secretary and may take 
independent professional advice at the Company’s expense. The 
Company Secretary attends all meetings and is responsible for 
advising the Board and its Committees, through the respective 
Chairs, on corporate governance and matters of procedure. The 
appointment and removal of the Company Secretary is a matter for 
the Board.

Board procedures
The Company Secretary, on behalf of and at the instruction of the 
respective Committee Chair who remains responsible, ensures that 
the Directors receive accurate, timely and clear information and 
provides advice and support in relation to regulatory and 
governance matters. Monthly financial, operational and risk 
management information is provided to the Directors.

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The requirement of the Code in relation to the recent and relevant 
financial experience of the Chairman of the Audit Committee were 
met throughout 2020.  The requirement for the Chair of the 
Remuneration Committee to have served on a remuneration 
committee for over 12 months was also met during 2020.  

Regular and ad hoc reports and presentations are circulated, with 
all Board and Committee papers being issued in advance of 
meetings by the Company Secretary and made available to all 
Directors on a Board portal. A range of governance documents to 
assist the Board in their duties are also included on the Board 
portal. In addition to formal Board meetings, the Chairman 
maintains regular contact with the Chief Executive and the other 
Directors to discuss specific issues. The Board meets regularly and 
is given adequate time to probe and debate issues.

Board committees
The Board has established a Nomination Committee, 
Remuneration Committee and Audit and Risk Committee. Details 
of the responsibilities of each of these Committees, their 
membership and the work undertaken by each during 2020 are 
given in the individual reports of those Committees which appear 
on pages 70 to 73, 84 to 106 and 74 to 79 respectively. The Terms 
of Reference of these Committees, together with documents 
setting out the responsibilities of the Board, the Chairman, Chief 
Executive and Senior Independent Director, can be found on the 
website www.lookersplc.com/investors/corporate-governance.

Board and Committee attendance
The following table shows the attendance of Directors at scheduled Board meetings and at meetings of the Audit and Risk Committee 
(ARC), Remuneration Committee and Nomination Committee during 2020:

Director

Number held 

Number attended

Tony Bramall

Sally Cabrini1

Robin Churchouse2

Stuart Counsell

Heather Jackson

Victoria Mitchell

Mark Raban

Cameron Wade3

Richard Walker1

Phil White4

Board

15

15

9

1

15

15

15

15

1

9

15

ARC

11

n/a

2

0

11

11

11

n/a

n/a

1

n/a

1 Sally Cabrini and Richard Walker stepped down from the Board on 29 June 2020.
2 Robin Churchouse was appointed on 8 December 2020.
3 Cameron Wade stepped down from the Board on 12 March 2020.
4 Phil White was only a member of the Remuneration Committee between 1 April and 30 June 2020. 

Directors who are not members of a Committee are able to attend by invitation.  

Remuneration

Nomination

9

n/a

4

1

9

8

9

n/a

n/a

1

1

5

n/a

3

1

5

5

5

n/a

n/a

n/a

5

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       65

 
Chairman’s statement on  
corporate governance

In addition to the schedule of regular attendance at meetings 
detailed above, the Board met formally on a further 43 occasions 
during 2020. Informal Director updates were also held on a daily 
basis at certain times during the year. Participation levels by 
Directors at these ad hoc and informal meetings was high and 
reflects the considerable extra time and effort involved in seeking 
to address the issues seen by the Group in the year. The items 
considered at these meetings included:
• 

the investigation into fraud and accounting irregularities and the  
resultant delays in the 2019 audit, publication of the 2019 ARA  

  and 2020 Interim Financial Statements
• 
the impact of COVID-19, including receipt of regular trading  
  updates, health and safety and furlough of staff, rent reviews  
  and the debt position  
•  corporate culture
• 
•  Board and senior management composition
•  FCA engagement
•  banking and refinancing

the suspension of the listing and work needed to gain restoration

These items were a key part of the considerations by the Board  
in accordance with section 172, as explained further on pages  
40 to 46.

The increased number of ARC meetings held during 2020 is also 
reflective of the additional input needed to consider the financial 
reporting and control issues faced by the Group during the year.  

Succession planning, election, and diversity
The Code includes a recommendation that the Chairman of the 
Board does not remain in post in excess of 9 years from the date of 
their first appointment to the Board. The Code acknowledges that, 
if a clear explanation is provided, the Code permits a limited time 
extension where this would facilitate effective succession planning 
and the development of a diverse board. The Chairman has been in 
post for over 15 years and so is currently not in compliance with 
this provision of the Code.  We announced in our 2018 Annual 
Report & Accounts that we had started the succession planning 
process for the Chairman. As described in our 2019 report, in view 
of the Executive management changes in November 2019, it was 
decided to postpone the recruitment process for a new Chairman 
until the handover process to a new Chief Executive Officer was 
completed, in order to maintain the stability of the Group during a 
period of significant change. At the request of the Board, Phil White 
assumed the role of Interim Executive Chairman on 1 November 
2019 until 31 March 2020 to oversee the transition in the 
Business arising from the Board changes and the accounting and 
governance issues identified.

Although the appointment of a new Chief Executive Officer was 
concluded in February 2020, in view of the executive management 
changes in 2019 and the significant challenges faced by the 
Group in 2020, including the Grant Thornton investigation, the 
Board carefully considered the position and agreed to delay its 
search for a new Chairman. It concluded that it continued to benefit 
from the Chairman’s corporate knowledge and experience during 
this difficult period, and asked that he again fulfil an Executive role 
from 1 July 2020 until the 2020 interim results were published on 
29 January 2021. 

66       |       Governance

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The succession planning and recruitment process for a new Non-
Executive Chairman is underway. The Nomination Committee, in 
the absence of Phil White, discussed how best to proceed in terms 
of Phil’s intention to stand down at the 2021 Annual General 
Meeting and it was agreed that it was in the best interests of 
stakeholders that Phil White be asked to extend his tenure on an 
interim basis.  Phil White has confirmed that he is willing to 
continue in office on an interim basis and the Nomination 
Committee agreed that his re-election would therefore be put to 
shareholders at the AGM.

The Board recognises the importance of effective succession and 
once the current Chairman has stood down, the policy for the 
tenure of the Chairman will be no longer than nine years, subject to 
extension for a limited time if necessary to aid succession planning 
or continuity in certain circumstances in accordance with the 
provisions of the Code.  

Succession planning, rotation of Directors and the process of 
appointing new Directors is managed by the Nomination 
Committee which makes recommendations to the Board. Lookers 
recognises and embraces the benefits of having a diverse Board 
and sees increasing diversity at Board level as an essential element 
of maintaining competitive advantage. Further information about 
the succession planning process, including its consideration of 
diversity in its succession plans and gender diversity metrics is 
detailed in the Nomination Committee Report on page 71.

We are keen to do more to look at diversity in its widest sense. We 
are building frameworks to ensure that everyone is paid fairly 
based on talent and performance. We want to be renowned as a 
place where talented individuals can thrive and be at their best, 
combining all aspects of diversity and representation including 
areas such as age, background, gender and sexual orientation.  

Some progress has been made during 2020, however, the 
challenge presented by both the internal and external distractions 
during the year has limited this. The Board recognises the need for 
continued focus on this issue during 2021. More information on 
workforce diversity is included in Corporate and Social 
Responsibility Report on page 81.  

Risk management and internal control

Accountability
The Board recognises the importance of maintaining a sound 
system of internal control to safeguard shareholders’ investment 
and the Company's assets. The Board is responsible for ensuring a 
robust framework is in place for risk management and internal 
control against the backdrop of fulfilling the Group’s objectives.

The Board has established a system of control that addresses the 
mitigation of business and operational risks as well as risks to 
financial reporting. The system of internal control is designed to 
manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business 
objectives and can provide reasonable assurance against material 
misstatement or loss.

How risk is managed
The Board determines the Group’s overall risk strategy and risk 
appetite. The Board, in conjunction with management, identifies the 
principal risks to which the Group is exposed and establishes a risk 
management framework and internal controls to identify, assess, 
monitor and mitigate its risk exposure. Further details on the 
Group’s risk management framework and how risks are evaluated 
and mitigated are detailed on pages 30 to 36.

Lookers operates a three lines of defence model, which provides a 
framework of responsibilities and accountabilities across the 
organisation. This is detailed more fully on page 30.

The effectiveness of the Group’s internal controls is reviewed by the 
Board and the Audit and Risk Committee. The management of risk is 
independently overseen and challenged by the Group’s Risk 
Management and Compliance Teams who constitute the second line 
of defence. Internal audit, as the third line of defence, undertakes 
independent assurance activities and provides reports to the Board 
and senior management on the quality and effectiveness of 
governance, risk management and internal controls.

Following the first COVID-19 lockdown in March 2020, the 
functioning and structure of the internal audit department has 
been reviewed and a new permanent head of internal audit was 
appointed during 2020. These changes have evidenced materially 
better risk and internal control governance.  

Review of risk management during the year
In 2020, the Group continued to review and improve its processes 
for identifying, evaluating, managing and monitoring the risks faced 
by the Group. The key focus of the risk strategy was to continue the 
work started in 2019 to review the design and implementation of a 
new enterprise risk management framework to strengthen controls 
over the business operations. Over the year management was 
heavily involved in risk assessment and related actions arising from 
COVID-19 and the management of the internal fraud and financial 
reporting control issues. Our response is detailed in the Risk 
Overview and Management section on pages 30 to 36.

The Board has closely monitored the progress of the 
implementation of these controls by management and receives an 
update at each meeting on the project tasked with addressing the 
financial, operational and compliance controls identified in 2019.  
In addition, it receives regular reports on risk management and 
internal controls via the Audit and Risk Committee.

Identifying, evaluating and managing risks, including  
emerging risks
There is a process in place for the identification, assessment and 
management of risk, which is covered in further detail in the Risk 
Overview and Management section on page 30. This includes 
consideration of the principal risks to the Group and any emerging 
risks identified, with the input of management and Internal Audit.  
This includes a robust assessment, at least annually, by the Audit 
and Risk Committee of the probability and potential impact of the 
risks which the Group may face. Reporting has been developed to 
track the Group’s performance against Board agreed risk appetite 
and escalate new and emerging risks to the Audit and Risk 
Committee and the Board as appropriate.

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       67

 
Chairman’s statement on  
corporate governance

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Internal control
The Board is responsible for overseeing the Group’s system of 
internal controls, reviewing its effectiveness at least once a year 
and reporting to shareholders that it has done so. It does so 
through its governance arrangements and oversight of the 
Enterprise Risk Management Framework (see above).

Financial reporting
The Executive Directors oversee the preparation of the Group’s 
annual corporate plan; the Board reviews and approves it and 
monitors actual performance against it on a regular basis. When 
deemed appropriate, revised forecasts are prepared and presented 
for Board review and approval.

To ensure that information consolidated into the Group’s Financial 
Statements is in compliance with relevant accounting standards 
and the Group’s own accounting policies, internal reporting data is 
reviewed regularly.

The Audit and Risk Committee reviews the appropriateness of the 
Group’s accounting policies for each reporting period. The Audit 
and Risk Committee considers reports from Executive 
Management, Internal Audit, the Risk and Compliance team and 
the Group’s external auditor, the application of IFRS and the 
reliability of the Group’s system of control over financial reporting.

Internal control effectiveness
The Board confirms it has performed its annual review of the 
effectiveness of internal controls. Controls have been designed to 
ensure that the Group’s financial reporting presents a true and fair 

68       |       Governance

reflection of the Group’s financial position. The Board has 
acknowledged the significant weakness in the control environment 
identified by the Grant Thornton investigation and its own internal 
reviews. Responding to these weaknesses, it considered and 
approved significant improvements to the Group’s internal control 
and financial reporting structure. Many of these improvements 
have been implemented although the process of improving 
controls will continue during the remainder of 2021.

Assessment of position
The Financial Statements aim to provide a fair, balanced and 
understandable assessment of the Group’s business model, 
strategy and performance and prospects in relation to material 
financial, economic, social, environmental and governance issues. 
The material focus areas have been determined considering the 
following:
•   Specific quantitative and qualitative criteria
•  Matters critical in relation to achieving strategic objectives
•   Principal and emerging risks identified in the risk management  
  process
•   Identification and application of appropriate accounting  

standards

Phil White
Chairman
30 June 2021

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       69

 
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Anna Bielby’s appointment as Interim Chief Financial Officer was 
for an initial term of six months.  She has agreed to extend her 
assignment and will leave the Group at the end of July following 
finalisation of a number of key projects. She did not seek election 
as a Director at the 2021 Annual General Meeting, and stepped 
down from the Board with effect from 30 June 2021.

As detailed on page 9, I have agreed to extend my tenure and 
therefore, whilst previously announced that I would not be standing 
for re-election, I stood for re-election at this year’s AGM.

Diversity
Lookers recognises the benefits of having a diverse Board and 
sees increasing diversity at Board level as an essential element of 

maintaining both a competitive advantage and good corporate 
governance. Appointments to the Board are based on merit and 
objective criteria reflecting the skills, knowledge, experience, 
diversity and independence needed to ensure a balanced and 
effective Board. The Committee’s diversity policy has set a target of 
ensuring that the proportion of women on the Board is not less 
than 20% by 2022 and not less than 33% by 2024. With these 
targets in mind, we continue to review the composition of the 
Board, ensuring any appointments continue to be based on merit.

More information on the considerations in relation to diversity of 
the workforce is given in the Corporate Social Responsibility 
Review on page 81.

The gender balance as at 31 December was:

Board Members

Senior Management*

All staff**

2020

2019

Male

5

19

4,991

Female

2

1

1,603

Male

5

25

6,636

Female

3

3

1,988

*Includes representatives of the Executive Committee (including the Company Secretary) and senior direct reports, 
excluding Executive Directors.
** Excludes Non-Executive Directors.

Report from the Chairman of the 
Nomination Committee 

Dear Shareholder 

As Chair of the Nomination Committee, I am pleased to be able to 
update you on the ongoing work which has been carried out during 
2020, and 2021 so far, in terms of refreshing the Board and the 
leadership.  As reported in my report for 2019, the Nomination 
Committee and the Board have been reflecting upon the 
leadership needs of the Group, together with the skills, knowledge, 
independence, diversity and experience needed from the Board 
and senior management.

Composition and attendance
The Nomination Committee is composed solely of the Non-
Executive Directors and met five times during 2020 to consider a 
number of ongoing significant changes to the Board and senior 
management.  Any Non-Independent Director, the CEO and Chief 
People Officer are able to attend meetings of the Committee by 
invitation as appropriate.  

The attendance at meetings by each member of the Committee is 
set out on page 65.

The role of the Nomination Committee
The role of the Nomination Committee is to establish a framework 
for appointments of Executive and Non-Executive Directors and 
senior management. The Nomination Committee further assists the 
Board in ensuring its size, structure and composition is regularly 
reviewed and refreshed and makes recommended changes to the 
Board, so that it is effective and able to operate in the best interests 
of the shareholders. In addition, the Nomination Committee 
oversees the development of a diverse pipeline for succession to 
the Board and senior management roles.

Succession planning
Recognising that improvements were needed in terms of the 
process for succession planning during 2020, in the first quarter of 
2021 the Nomination Committee spent some time considering 
Board and senior executive succession, which included the 
mapping of skills and experience in order to identify any gaps. This 
included i) setting out the succession to fill any sudden and 
unforeseen departures, ii) medium term planning for the orderly 
replacement of Directors as they reach the end of their tenure 
period and iii) long term planning to ensure that the alignment of 
skills now and in the future were right to ensure the delivery of the 
Company’s strategy and objectives.  This included identifying 
appropriate staff within the business who could, over time and with 
the necessary support and training, be candidates for future senior 
executive roles.  

A number of emerging skill requirements were identified for senior 
management and these will be filled either by training or 
recruitment.  At Board level, the Nomination Committee feels that 
following Board refreshment, it went into 2021 with the right mix of 
people to carry forward the strategy of the Group. However,  the 
Company is in a fast paced environment and the needs may 
change over time and the succession plan will need to be flexible 
to adapt.  The Committee will continue to review this and ensure 

the succession of the Chair, Chair of RemCo and a permanent CFO 
are a priority. The recruitment process for these positions is well 
underway as at the date of this report.

As part of succession planning, the length of service of the Board 
as a whole is considered.  The Committee is cognisant that as a 
result of the recent refreshment of the Board, the end of tenure 
periods of the Non-Executive Directors are all very close together 
and how to ensure a gradual and orderly succession will need to be 
addressed in the future.

Appointment of Directors
The Nomination Committee leads the process, as set out below, for 
appointments to Board and senior management positions (other 
than for the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer which are 
matters considered by the Company’s Board).

The Nomination Committee determines:
•  Where external candidates are sought, whether a search agency  
  will be used and the process for their appointment;
•  Specification for the role, (including a definition of the role and  
  capabilities required) taking into account the current balance of  

skills and experience on the Board;

•  Whether there is internal talent available to fill any vacancy;
•  Other ways it can access a diverse pool of candidates including  
  a wide range of backgrounds;
•  The content of the role specification and usage of open  
  advertising where appropriate;
•  The structure of the interview process;
•  The interview panel;
•  Referencing requirements and candidate checks;
•  Shareholder consultation; and
•  Engagement with the Remuneration and other Board   
  committees as appropriate.

Once the above are agreed, a timetable for the appointment is 
approved and the process commences.

Recent appointments to the Board were facilitated in a variety of 
ways. Anna Bielby was appointed on an interim basis following a 
personal recommendation; Duncan McPhee was promoted 
internally; Paul Van der Burgh was appointed following an 
approach made by the Board on his retirement as president of 
Toyota GB; and Robin Churchouse was recruited via a search 
agency.  The external agency used to assist with the appointment 
of Robin Churchouse had no connection with the Company or 
individual Directors. All external appointments were subject to 
interviews by the Non-Executive Directors.  

All Directors stand for election or re-election by shareholders at the 
next AGM following their appointment to the Board. Details of the 
Directors who stood for election/re-election and 2021 AGM, with 
supporting information on their contribution to the Group, were 
included in the Notice of AGM. The Committee recommended to 
the Board that all Directors standing for election or re-election at 
the 2021 AGM be recommended for approval by shareholders.  

70       |       Governance

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       71

 
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Objectives for 2021
As the new Board and senior management structure continues to 
embed over the remainder of 2021, the Nomination Committee 
will continue to review our succession plans for the short, medium 
and long term for the Board and senior management positions.  A 
core element for this programme will be to develop the training and 
resources available to support internal progression to senior 
management positions and the Board. 

The Nomination Committee will continue to keep under review the 
options for workforce engagement as described elsewhere in this 
report. 

Our key priorities during 2021 are the appointment of a new 
Chairman and a permanent Chief Financial Officer; our searches 
for both are well underway. The Chairman does not participate in 
meetings to discuss his successor and the current search is being 
managed by a sub-group of the Nomination Committee, led by 
Victoria Mitchell. 

Phil White
Chairman
30 June 2021

Report from the Chairman of the 
Nomination Committee 

In addition to gender diversity, a diverse range of experience and 
backgrounds is also important. Part of the Nomination Committee’s 
deliberations on the appointment of an additional Non-Executive 
Director subsequent to the year-end sought to diversify the Non-
Executive pool of experience and it is believed that Paul Van der 
Burgh’s experience in the motor industry will aid the Board’s 
understanding of the workforce and its customers.  The additional 
Board appointments to fill key roles on the Board will be made with 
the need to continue to ensure a broad range of skills and 
experience in mind.

Changes to the Board
As explained in our 2019 Annual Report & Accounts, during 2020 
the Board recognised the need to bring in new skills and 
experience to guide the business through the next stage of 
development. With our dealerships re-opened after the first 
COVID-19 lockdown, we believed it was time to put in place plans 
for the future of Lookers and agreed an orderly transition to refresh 
the Board. As part of this process, and as recommended by the 
Committee, the following changes to the Board took place 
between 1 January 2020 and the date of this report:

The Committee has noted the Parker Review in relation to Ethnic 
Diversity of UK Boards and confirms that it is cognisant of all 
diversity issues when considering succession and potential Board 
candidates but recognises that there is substantially more to be 
done in this area.  

5 February 2020

•  Mark Raban appointed as Chief Executive Officer 
•  Cameron Wade appointed as Chief Operating Officer and to the Board

1 March 2020

•  Richard Walker returned to Non-Executive role

12 March 2020

•  Cameron Wade stepped down from the Board

30 March 2020

•  Jim Perrie appointed as Interim Chief Financial Officer (not to the Board)

31 March 2020

•  Phil White returned to Non-Executive role

29 June 2020

•  Richard Walker stepped down from the Board
•  Sally Cabrini stepped down from the Board

1 July 2020

•  Heather Jackson appointed as Senior Independent Director
•  Victoria Mitchell appointed as Chair of Lookers Motor Group Ltd, the Group’s FCA regulated entity
•  Phil White resumed the role of Executive Chairman to oversee a transitional period

25 November 2020

•  Heather Jackson appointed as Chair of the Remuneration Committee

8 December 2020

•  Robin Churchouse appointed as Non-Executive Director

31 December 2020

•  Stuart Counsell stepped down from the Board
•  Tony Bramall stepped down from the Board

1 January 2021

•  Robin Churchouse appointed as Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee

5 January 2021

•  Anna Bielby appointed as Interim Chief Financial Officer and as an Executive Director

29 January 2021

•  Phil White returned to Non-Executive role
•  Duncan McPhee promoted to Chief Operating Officer and appointed as an Executive Director

1 April 2021

•  Paul Van der Burgh appointed as a Non-Executive Director

30 April 2021

•  Heather Jackson stepped down from the Board

5 May 2021

•  Paul Van der Burgh appointed as Senior Independent Director
•  Victoria Mitchell appointed as Interim RemCo Chair

30 June 2021

•  Anna Bielby stepped down as an Executive Director but remains as Interim Chief Financial Officer

Details of the experience of the Directors in situ as at the date of this report and the key attributes they bring to the Board are detailed 
on pages 50 to 55.

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Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       73

Report from the Chairman of the  
Audit and Risk Committee

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Composition and attendance
The Committee’s membership is composed solely of independent 
Non-Executive Directors.  During 2020 membership consisted of:

On Stuart Counsell’s resignation on 31 December 2020, I was 
appointed as Chair of the Committee, a role for which I had been 
specifically assessed and recruited.

Stuart Counsell (Chair – resigned 31 December 2020)
Heather Jackson
Richard Walker (reappointed 5 March 2020, resigned 29 June 2020)
Robin Churchouse (appointed 8 December 2020)
Sally Cabrini (resigned 29 June 2020)
Victoria Mitchell

The Committee members have, through their current and previous 
business activities, broad experience in financial, risk and 
commercial matters. Biographies of all members are shown on 
pages 50 to 55.

The Committee met on eleven occasions during the year. The table 
on page 65 provides details of attendance. Through the year a 
broad range of management were also invited to attend meetings 
of the Committee, including the CEO, CFO, CRO, Head of Internal 
Audit, Company Secretary and Group Chair. 

Dear Shareholder

The Committee is specifically responsible for:

I am pleased to present my first report as Chair of the Audit and 
Risk Committee (“the Committee”).  The report details the 
Committee’s role, responsibilities and activities during 2020, 
including how it considered and responded to developments in the 
business and the wider environment.

Having joined the Board in December 2020, and assumed the role 
of Chair of the Committee from 1 January 2021, this review relies 
heavily on a review of the papers and minutes of the Committee’s 
meetings through 2020, as well as conversations with the 
members of the Committee who are still in office.

The year under review was clearly a very challenging one for the 
Group, with the ongoing impact of internal and external regulatory 
reviews, ongoing risk and regulatory improvement and remediation 
programmes, and the management of the Group’s response to 
fraudulent activities, accounting irregularities and the impact of 
COVID-19.  I cover all of these in more detail below, and they are 
also discussed in the Chairman’s Report on pages 6 to 9.

Role and responsibilities
The Committee is an essential part of the Group’s governance 
framework. Its fundamental purpose is to oversee and advise the 
Board on the Group’s financial reporting, risk management, internal 
audit and internal controls.  

1.  Monitoring the integrity of the Financial Statements, including  
ensuring they present a fair, balanced and understandable  
view of the Group’s performance and position;

2.  Reviewing, and challenging, the Group’s accounting and 

financial reporting processes;

3.  Advising the Board in assessing material accounting  

judgements, estimates and issues;

4.  Advising the Board in assessing the Group’s going concern  

and viability statements;

5.  Overseeing the Group’s overall risk profile, strategy, appetite  
and risk management framework, including the review of 
risk management arrangements, key risk policies, reports on  
risk positions, and activity by the Group’s risk and compliance  
functions;

6.  Monitoring the risk culture throughout the Group, and how  

effectively it supports good risk management;

7.  Reviewing the role and effectiveness of the Group’s risk and  

compliance functions, including the adequacy of the  
resources available to these functions;

8.  Monitoring the scope, adequacy and effectiveness of the  
Group’s internal control, internal financial control and risk  
management systems, as well as the implementation of any  
remediation and improvement programmes;
9.  Reviewing the arrangements in place to deal with  

whistleblowing, fraud, bribery and anti-money laundering; 
10.  Reviewing the role and effectiveness of the Group’s internal  
audit function, including the adequacy of the resources  
available to the function;

11.  Reviewing the annual workplan for the Group’s internal audit  
function, as well as the results of the function’s work and  
resolution of any identified issues;

12.  Reviewing the role, effectiveness and independence of the 

Group’s external audit arrangements.

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Report from the Chairman of the  
Audit and Risk Committee

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Key matters impacting the Committee
During 2020 two issues understandably dominated the 
Committee’s agenda, namely:

• 

the ongoing investigations, enhancements and remediation of  
regulatory sales issues; and,
the investigation of potentially fraudulent transactions, other  

• 
  accounting irregularities, and the impact of these on the  
  Group’s 2019 and prior year accounts.

Taking these in turn:

Regulated sales – systems and controls
The FCA’s consideration of the issues has now concluded and 
whilst no enforcement action and/or fines were imposed, 
significant concerns relating to the historic culture, systems and 
controls of the Group were emphasised, which the Board fully 
accepted. The Group cooperated fully with the FCA on these 
issues.

The S166 reviews, which were undertaken by Grant Thornton, were 
received in November 2019 and February 2020.  They identified a 
significant number of issues and improvements with which the 
Group agreed, and which it committed to resolve. A key focus for 
the Committee (as well as for the Group as a whole, and both the 
Board of the Company and its principal trading subsidiary, Lookers 
Motor Group Limited (LMGL)) in 2020 was the implementation and 
embedding of these recommendations. This included establishing 
a risk sub-committee within LMGL (where the regulated activity 
sits) to monitor and advise on the Company’s response. This sub-
committee included three members of the Committee, and in July 
2020 was integrated into the LMGL Board.

The restructuring actions taken by the Group include the 
appointment of a Chief Risk Officer, and the introduction of a broad 
range of risk and compliance enhancements within LMGL and the 
broader Group. This has included the development of a revised 
governance structure and the design and implementation of a new 
enterprise risk management framework, as well as a refresh and 
re-approval of the Group’s key risk policies. During 2020 the 
Committee played a key role in reviewing, challenging and 
recommending to the Board all of these improvements. A 
significant amount of work has been carried out, and in 2021 the 
focus of the Group and the Committee has shifted to fully 
embedding the new framework.

Fraud, accounting irregularities and 2019 accounts
In March 2020 the Group announced an investigation into 
potentially fraudulent transactions within one of its divisions. This 
investigation, which was undertaken with the help of Grant 
Thornton, uncovered a significant number of accounting 
irregularities including systems and control weaknesses, non-
compliance with policies and accounting standards and poor 
accounting practices. The nature of these issues, including their 
scale, was fully disclosed in the 2019 Report and Accounts.  
The Committee was closely involved in the work performed by the 
Group and its advisors (Grant Thornton and PwC) to both identify 

the exact nature, scale and quantum of the accounting issues, their 
impact on the 2019 and prior year results, and the remedial 
actions required to ensure they do not re-occur.  This included 
liaising regularly with the external auditors, Deloitte, who, as part of 
their audit work, reviewed and challenged the issues identified and 
their impact on the 2019 accounts.

Throughout the second half of the year the Committee spent 
significant time reviewing and challenging the final analyses of all 
of the issues and their impact on the 2019 accounts.  This included 
a particular focus on:
•  Fictitious transactions - identified within one division, but with  
  challenges including not just the impact of those items but also  
  ensuring no wider issues existed;
•  Policy misapplications – across a number of areas including  
  cash and bank classifications, lease accounting across  
  different subsidiaries and staff car schemes; 
•  Property, plant and equipment and intangibles – with, in  
  particular, inappropriate treatment of costs associated with  
  capital projects;
•  Control weaknesses – on accounting for manufacturers’  
  bonuses, and also more broadly across divisional and head  
  office functions.  

In 2021, our focus has been on resolving the knock on impacts of 
delays in finalising the 2019 Accounts on our 2020 interim results 
and subsidiary accounts, on returning our financial reporting to a 
normalised timetable, on transitioning to a new external auditor and 
on embedding and building on the improvements to our financial 
reporting and broader finance function.

Committee activities
Looking at the Committee’s responsibilities (as set out above) and 
the work undertaken in 2020:

1.  Monitoring the integrity of the Financial Statements
2.  Reviewing, and challenging, the Group’s accounting and  

financial reporting processes;

3.  Advising the Board in assessing material accounting  

judgements, estimates and issues;

4.  Advising the Board in assessing the Group’s going concern and  

viability statements; 

Much of the work in these areas during the year is covered above 
(see “Fraud, accounting irregularities and 2019 accounts”).  In 
terms of the 2019 accounts, the Committee also looked in detail at 
a wide range of areas including:

•  Leasing – with the Group retrospectively adopting IFRS 16  

 for the 2019 accounts, the Committee reviewed management’s 
implementation of the standard and its key judgements. 

•  Goodwill and intangibles – the Committee reviewed the results  
  of the Group’s annual assessment of the carrying value of 
   goodwill and intangibles. This includes challenging the  

judgements and assessments used including long term growth  
rates, forecast cashflows, forecast timeframes and discount  
rates. The Committee considered and challenged the  
  methodology, as well as the consideration of reasonable  
“downside” sensitivity analyses.  For the 2019 results the  

  Committee also focussed on ensuring that the impact of wider  
  accounting adjustments had been correctly recognised.
• 
Inventories – the Committee reviewed and challenged  
  management’s assessment of the fair value of inventories,  
including both standard and judgemental provisions, with a  
  particular focus on used car valuations which are more volatile;
•  Pensions – the Group operates 3 defined pension schemes,  
  and for each of these the Committee reviewed the assumptions  
  used by management and the Group’s external actuaries.  This  

included discussion of appropriate approaches to deficit  
reduction;

•  Alternative performance measures – the Committee  
  considered the treatment of certain items as non-underlying  
  and agreed with management’s view  that they were either not  
incurred in the normal course of business, or due to their size,  
  nature and irregularity should not be included in the assessment  
  of core trading.
•  Regulatory provisions – the Committee reviewed the proposed  
  provision for a fine from the FCA in relation to its review of the  
  Group’s past regulated sales processes;
•  Customer remediation – the Committee reviewed and agreed  
  management’s approach to identifying and calculating  
  provisions required for known customer detriment and redress;
•  Brexit – the Committee considered the potential impacts of  
  Brexit on the Group’s prospects, including possible impacts on  
  new vehicle prices, vehicle parts supply and used vehicle values,  
  as well as broader macro-economic repercussions. Whilst even  
  after 31 December 2020 the outlook remains uncertain, the  
  Committee was satisfied with the mitigating actions taken by  
  management;
•  Going concern and viability statements – the Committee’s  
  considerations were significantly complicated by the impact of  
  COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns and economic  

impacts. The Group’s reaction to COVID-19 is laid out in more  
  detail in this report (and in the 2019 accounts).  The Committee  
  monitored these actions, and discussed in detail the Group’s  
forecasts and funding arrangements, as well as a number of  
stressed scenarios tested against financing covenants and  
  broader financial sustainability.  The Committee was satisfied  
that the assumptions used were appropriate, and, taking into  
  account discussions with the external auditors, were satisfied  
 that it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis.  The 
Committee satisfied itself as to the appropriateness of the going 
concern and viability statements;

As part of the process for the completion of the 2020 accounts 
the Committee looked in detail at a reduced number of areas, 
reflecting the progress made by management in resolving legacy 
issues. Those areas specifically considered were:

Inventories

•  Going concern and viability
•  Goodwill and intangibles
• 
•  Pensions
•  Regulatory provisions
•  Commercial Income
•  Non-underlying items

The Committee reviewed and agreed management’s approach for 
estimating commercial income owed from manufacturers, and 
agreed with management’s judgement that the non-underlying 
items presented within these accounts were consistent with the 
Group’s policy and their separate presentation more accurately 
reflected the underlying results of the Group. The Committee’s 
actions regarding the other areas were consistent with those 
performed as part of the 2019 accounts process.

As set out in the Financial Review and Note 1 to the Financial 
Statements, the 2020 Annual Report & Accounts includes three 
prior period adjustments which impact the year ended 31 
December 2019.

(i)  An adjustment to the Lookers plc Company Statement of  
  Financial Position in order to correct retained earnings in the  
years ended 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018,  
resulting from adjustments to subsidiary retained earnings that  

  were made after the completion of the 2019 Group Financial  
  Statements.

(ii) An adjustment to the Group Financial Statements in order to  
  correctly account for a number of leases which have been  
  omitted in error from our IFRS 16 right of use lease calculations  
  on adoption of this standard. This adjustment is non-cash and  
  not material to the Group’s net assets or reported profit.

(iii) An adjustment to the application of IFRS 16 in the Group’s Get  
  Motoring UK Limited subsidiary. This adjustment is non-cash  
  and is not material to the Group’s net assets or reported profit.

An overarching responsibility of the Committee is to make certain 
that the Group’s accounts present a fair, balanced and 
understandable view of the Group’s performance and position.  
Inherent in this is that they provide shareholders with the 
information they need to assess the Group’s position, performance, 
business model and strategy.  In doing this the Committee 
specifically considered, alongside the broader picture the 
following:

•  That satisfactory verification and remedial processes were 
  undertaken by management in respect of the adjustments  

required in 2019 and prior years, and that adequate explanation  

  of those items was included in the accounts;

76       |       Governance

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report from the Chairman of the  
Audit and Risk Committee

•  That key events during the year were fairly reported, as well as  
  any significant post balance-sheet date events;
•  That key messages and judgements within the financial and  
  narrative sections are consistent;
•  That alternative performance measures were clearly explained  
  and appropriate to explaining the underlying performance of  

the business.

5.  Overseeing the Group’s overall risk profile, risk strategy, risk  
  management framework and risk appetite 
6.  Monitoring the risk culture throughout the Group, and how  
  effectively it supports good risk management.
7.  Reviewing the role and effectiveness of the Group’s risk and  
  compliance functions.
8.  Monitoring the scope, adequacy and effectiveness of the  
  Group’s internal control, internal financial control and risk  
  management systems, as well as the implementation of any  

remediation and improvement programmes;

9.  Reviewing the arrangements in place to deal with  
  whistleblowing, fraud, bribery and anti-money laundering; 

Whilst the Board has overall responsibility for the Group’s internal 
control environment and for assessing its effectiveness, the 
Committee, along with the LMGL Board, plays a critical role in 
helping it to fulfil this responsibility.  It does this through more 
detailed review and challenge, in particular of the Group’s risk 
management structures, strategies and appetites.  As previously 
noted, 2020 was a year of continued change for the Group’s risk and 
internal control structures.  The Committee spent a significant 
amount of time reviewing and monitoring the development of a 
revised governance structure and the design and implementation of 
a new enterprise risk management framework, as well as a refresh 
and re-approval of the Group’s key risk policies.
Specific areas considered by the Committee during the year include:

•  Receiving regular updates from the CRO on over-arching risk  
  management and compliance activities and developments,  

including health and safety matters;

•  Receiving updates from the CRO on regulatory compliance  
  performance and reviews (including regulated complaints  
  performance and quality assurance programmes), and on  
  progress in embedding of revised sales processes;
•  Receiving updates on all interactions with the FCA;
•  Monitoring progress in implementing and embedding the  
  enhancements to the Group’s governance framework (including  
  ongoing compliance with the FCA’s Senior Management  
  Regime), risk and compliance management and broader  

internal controls;

•  Receiving updates and reports on the impact of COVID-19 on  

the Group’s activities, and on the Group’s response;

•  Progress reports on incidents of actual or potential customer  
  harm, and associated remediation programmes to ensure  
  customers were made good; 
•  Receiving updates from the Chief Information Officer on  
  general IT controls and their maintenance and continuous  

improvements, including specifically cyber security and GDPR;

•  Receiving briefings and reports on whistleblowing, money  
laundering and related financial crime matters, regulatory  

  developments and “horizon risks”;

78       |       Governance

•  Reviewing and approving an enhanced suite of risk  
  management policies including conduct risk, regulatory risk,  
  operational risk and financial crime risk policies;
•  Reviewing the Risk and Compliance functions forward looking  
  plans and resourcing requirements.

The Committee plays a significant role in preparing the Group’s 
overall risk assessment and identification of key risks, which are set 
out on pages 31 to 36.

The Committee, as noted above, is responsible for monitoring the 
scope, adequacy and effectiveness of the Group’s internal control, 
internal financial control and risk management systems.  Clearly the 
events of 2020 evidence that the systems in place were not fully 
effective.  With this in mind:

• 

In terms of the 2019 Accounts, the Committee satisfied itself  
that the extensive additional work undertaken in preparing,  
reviewing and auditing of those accounts compensated for  
shortcomings in the systems of control;

•  There has been significant improvement in the systems and  

their effectiveness during 2020, and this continues into 2021.   
In the latter part of the year an external review was undertaken  
to confirm adequate progress on key financial controls, and this  
review, along with extensive internal work and challenge, was  
  critical in the Group being comfortable to apply for re-listing of  
its shares in January 2021 and the accompanying duty to  
  comply with its ongoing obligations as a premium listed company;
•  Combined with the work undertaken internally, and by our new  
  auditors on the 2020 Accounts,  the Committee is satisfied that  

the combination of internal controls and more substantive  
internal finance and external audit work has provided adequate  

  assurance over these accounts.

As noted elsewhere, whilst we are satisfied that our systems and 
controls are adequate, we remain committed to a programme of 
further and continuous improvement and embedding.

10.  Reviewing the role and effectiveness of the Group’s internal  
audit function, including the adequacy of the resources and  
budgets available to the function;

11.  Reviewing the annual workplan for the Group’s internal audit  
function, as well as the results of the function’s work and  
resolution of any identified issues;

2020 saw continued development of the Internal Audit function 
and programme, including the appointment of a new Head of 
Internal Audit in September 2020.  Throughout the year internal 
audit reports and their associated actions were reviewed by the 
Committee, as well as enhancements to the risk register and risk 
dashboards. Areas considered included GDPR, Cyber Security and 
financial controls. A full review of the forward looking internal audit 
plan was considered, and a programme agreed that will see further 
development of our approach and use of internal audit through 
2021.

12.  Reviewing the role, effectiveness and independence of the  

Group’s external audit arrangements;

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The Committee is responsible for assessing the effectiveness of 
Deloitte’s audit including their independence and objectivity.  
During 2020 Deloitte informed the Board that it intended to resign 
as auditors following completion of the 2019 audit.  The steps that 
the Committee took to assess Deloitte’s independence and 
objectivity were set out in the 2019 Accounts.

We note that the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has 
commenced an investigation into the audits by Deloitte LLP of the 
Financial Statements of the Group for the years ended 31 
December 2017 and 31 December 2018.

Following on from Deloitte’s indicative intention to resign, the 
Committee ran a tender process with two firms for the provision of 
external audit services:

•  Both confirmed their independence;
•  The process was run so as to ensure both had fair and equal  
information and access to Committee members, the Group’s  

  Chair, the CEO, CFO, CRO and other senior managers;
•  Both were invited to present to the Committee.

The Committee, taking into account sector and public company 
experience, independence, ability to challenge and audit quality, 
recommended that BDO LLP be appointed for the year ended 31 
December 2020.

In considering BDO’s independence and objectivity in the context 
of the 2020 Accounts the Committee has taken into account:

•  The short tenure of BDO;
•  The Committee’s own interactions with BDO.

Taking all of these into account, the Committee is satisfied with 
BDO’s independence and level of challenge.

BDO received £nil non audit fees (2019: Deloitte £nil).

Looking forward
The Group clearly faced significant challenges throughout 2019 and 
2020.  There has been much change and improvements in the 
systems of governance, financial management, risk and compliance 
management, internal audit and broader control areas over that 
period. As we have moved into 2021 the focus is shifting to:

•  Clearing the backlog issues  caused by the delays in finalising  

the 2019 Accounts;

•  Re-establishing normal financial reporting and transitioning to a  
  new external auditor;
•  Embedding and continuously building on the improvements to  

systems and controls.

The Committee will continue to play its part in successfully 
managing the Group safely through uncertain times including the 
impacts of Brexit, COVID-19, broader economics and a changing 
motor market, doing so in a way that protects the interests of all of 
our stakeholders including customers, colleagues, funders, 
shareholders and regulators.

•  BDO’s annual independence statement, and their compliance  
  with relevant laws, regulations and other professional and  
  ethical statements;
•  The business’s feedback on BDO’s approach and performance;

Robin Churchouse
Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee
30 June 2021

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate social 
responsibility review 

Corporate social responsibility management
Whilst our focus is on creating a great place to work, the Board sets 
a clear standard when it comes to corporate social, environmental 
and ethical issues.

We continue to seek to achieve waste reduction within our 
businesses and can report that during 2020 we recycled (95.9%) 
of all waste (2019: 95.9%). 

We have increased site EV charge capacity across the entire estate 
by 15% during 2020. Our journey to vehicle electrification is now 
well underway combined with a cohesive sustainability programme. 
We are investing in dedicated senior resource to drive these 
programmes and an experienced Business Development Director 
has been recruited to develop EV combined with sustainability. This 
appointment is supported by the new Group Energy & 
Sustainability Manager and the property team and will drive 
progress over 2021. 

Mandatory carbon reporting
As has been noted in previous years, the Group reports each year 
to the Environment Agency under the Government’s CRC Energy 
Efficiency Scheme. The Group now aligns its carbon reporting with 
the new requirements under Streamlined Energy and Carbon 
Reporting (SECR); its first report is due in Q2 2021.

This is our eighth year of mandatory carbon reporting and covers 
the period 1 January to 31 December 2020 to align to the SECR 
reporting.

Our carbon reporting methodology is the Greenhouse Gas 
Protocol and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 
(Strategic Report and Directors’ Report) Regulations. Our reporting 
boundary is the financial control method and covers all occupied 
premises and vehicles operated by the Group, whether owned or 
leased, relating to our UK based operations. Data relating to our 
business in the Republic of Ireland has been excluded. As this 
business accounts for 1.1% of our turnover, this exclusion is not 
considered material.

We report under Scope 1 and Scope 2 in respect of emissions 
from diesel and petrol consumed, gas burnt, and electricity 
purchased. The information relating to emissions from gas and 
electricity has been extracted in full from the data that we have 
reported to the Environment Agency under CRC reporting.

This data is collected and collated by an independent supplier to 
the Group. The information relating to emissions resulting from the 
use of diesel and petrol has been extracted from data supplied by 
the Group’s main fuel card provider. The intensity ratio being 
adopted is emissions (tonnes of CO2) per million pounds of 
turnover.

Each operating company includes social, environmental and ethical 
issues in their risk assessment processes to ensure any potential 
problems are identified and contingency strategies are in place.

Lookers and the environment
The Group recognises that its activities have an impact on the 
environment and is therefore keen to promote and support 
initiatives that minimize the effect of such activities through 
adherence to its environmental policy.

We continue to monitor the areas of our business that may impact 
on the environment including contamination, asbestos, waste oil, 
waste recycling together with energy, water and fuel efficiency. The 
Group has recently appointed a Group Energy & Sustainability 
Manager with key responsibility for driving improvements in energy 
and sustainability throughout Lookers.

We continue to reduce energy consumption and related carbon 
emissions. This is achieved through a number of
areas including:

•  Regular energy surveys of our dealership estate
•  Regular monitoring of energy consumption
•  Deployment of energy-saving technologies including, biomass  
  heating and cooling, solar PV installations and the increasing  
  use of smart controls
•  Deployment of energy monitoring and metering solutions to  

further improve data capture and reporting.

As ever, the reduction of carbon emissions continues to be a high 
priority for the Group, and we continue with our reporting 
responsibilities in respect of energy consumption and 
management in the following three areas:

1.  Lookers has completed the Energy Saving and Opportunities  
  Scheme reporting and the Streamlined Energy and Carbon  
  Reporting for 2019 and 2020. During 2020 Lookers’ total  
  carbon emissions fell by 28%, however this reduction is in  
  context of the reduction in operations due to COVID-19.
2.  Greenhouse Gas Reporting (GHG). This is our eighth year of  
reporting and the results are shown at the end of this section.
3.  Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS). This reporting  
requirement was introduced by the European Union and we  

  have been compliant since 2015.

Our continuous programme of dealership newbuilds and 
refurbishments offers us the opportunity to deploy the latest and 
most efficient building materials together with systems to control 
the use of water, heating, cooling and lighting.

80       |       Governance

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Our mandatory carbon reporting data for the years to 31 December 2020 and 2019 are:

Scope 1

Gas

Vehicle fuels

Total

Scope 2

Electricity

Statutory total

2020
(tCO2e)

5,252

13,345

18,597

7,050

25,647

2020
(tCO2e/£m)

1.41

3.58

4.99

1.89

6.88

2019*
(tCO2e)

6,310

17,707

24,017

9,119

33,136

2019*
(tCO2e/£m)

1.32

3.70

5.02

1.91

6.93

* Prior year disclosures updated to 31 December 2019 (2019: 31 March 2019). 

With effect from the current reporting period, we are also required 
to disclosure the annual quantity of energy consumed by the Group 
from activities and that consumed resulting from the purchase of 
electricity, heat, steam or cooling in kilowatt hours.  The data for the 
year to 31 December 2020 is below:

Gas

Vehicle fuels

Electricity

Total

 2020 (kWh)

28,289,432

56,407,456

30,097,246

114,794,134

This energy is materially consumed in the UK.  As the business 
conducted outside of the UK is de minimis, as described earlier, we 
have not reported on energy usage outside of the UK. 

Ethical employment and diversity
We are committed to encouraging equality and diversity amongst
our workforce and eliminating unlawful discrimination. Everyone
has a part to play in the application of the policy, which extends to 
the treatment of job applications, employees (including former 
employees), customers, clients, suppliers and visitors.  Diversity 
factors include geography, background, education, disability, 
gender, sexual orientation, religion, belief, age, culture, personality, 
workstyle and cognitive or personal strengths.  

The purpose of this policy on diversity is to provide equality, 
fairness and respect for all in our workplace, promote positive 
measures to prevent discrimination occurring and set standards 
and monitor conduct to support the policy.

It is the Group’s policy to offer equal opportunities to disabled
persons applying for vacancies and provide them with
the same opportunities for employment, training, career
development and promotion as are available to all employees,
within the limitations of their aptitude and abilities. In the event
of members of staff becoming disabled, every effort is made
to ensure that their employment with the Group continues and
appropriate arrangements are made.

We are continuously seeking to improve our gender split and 
gender pay gap, with a focus on attracting more women and 
changing perceptions of our industry.  We have signed up to the 
Automotive 30% Club (the Club), an initiative to promote the 
industry to women and seek to have 30% of management roles 
filled by women by 2030 and our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is 
undertaking a number of initiatives with the Club.  

We recognise that we are behind the curve when it comes to the 
consideration of wider diversity issues.  The newly appointed Chief 
People Officer (CPO) has the remit of leading this forward over the 
course of 2021 and will launch a diversity audit in order to 
understand where we are currently and how we can move forward 
to improve the position. 

Human rights
All of our direct employees are based in the UK or Republic of 
Ireland and are covered by UK and Irish employment law. Our 
supply chain in the motor division is predominantly major 
international motor manufacturers who take this issue very 
seriously.  We are committed to acting with integrity in all our 
business relationships and to implementing and enforcing 
effective systems and controls to ensure slavery and human 
trafficking is not taking place anywhere in our supply chains. 
Further details can be found in our Modern Slavery Statement 
which is available on our website at www.lookersplc.com/
modern-slavery-statement.

Recruiting, retaining and developing our people
We are committed to building success together by putting our 
people first. We actively encourage promoting talent from within, 
demonstrated recently by a number of senior level promotions. Our 
people policies provide guidance on key issues including equal 
opportunities, disciplinary and grievances, recruitment and 
selection, discrimination and harassment.

The CPO reports directly into the CEO and is responsible for 
developing the HR function alongside a Senior team , supported 
by divisional HR Managers. 

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       81

 
 
 
 
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Corporate social 
responsibility review 

Communicating with our people
We believe the way we communicate has a huge impact on how 
our people feel about the Group. We communicate with our people 
on a regular basis through team briefings, digital magazines, 
Workplace by Facebook, Microsoft Teams and more. On a quarterly 
basis a Non-Executive Director (with support from the Chief People 
Officer) holds a listening session with colleagues. Feedback from 
this session is shared with the Board and action points agreed with 
Executives.

to support with any financial or wellbeing concerns. The HR team 
worked closely with managers to ensure that contact was 
maintained with those furloughed to have continuous dialogue 
about wellbeing and support available and that regular reviews 
took place with employees who continued to work to ensure we 
were operating in COVID-19 safe environment.  The Health and 
Safety team worked closely with the operational team to ensure 
the safety of employees and customers throughout the period. 

Pulse surveys are undertaken and actions are monitored monthly 
within the HR team and reported at least bimonthly to the OpsCo 
and ExCo and Boards as applicable. All results are also 
communicated across the business. Initiatives agreed as result of 
this included the following in 2020:

Introduction of consistent pay and reward 

•  Meet the ExCo media introducing the members of our   
  management team 
• 
•  Mental Health training for 163 management level employees 
•  Encouragement throughout the year for our people to book and  
take their annual leave entitlement to rest and relax ensuring we  

  promote a healthy work life balance. 
•  An increase in recognition interventions through the course of  
  2021 including personal thank you letters to nominated  

individuals from the COO. 
Introducing feel good rewards for all team member as   

• 
  demonstrated with Easter Chocolates. 

COVID-19 impact
At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 Lookers 
furloughed 6,800 employees. These were predominately 
operational roles, with a small number of aftersales employees 
returning to the business to support with emergency/key worker 
aftersales requirements early in April 2020.  We maintained 
between 90-100% of earnings during April 2020 for all 
employees.  In May, furloughed workers were paid in line with CJRS 
guidelines, with the exception of managers who received 80% of 
basic pay uncapped.  In June, all employees who remained 
furloughed were paid in line with the CJRS.  A monthly update was 
emailed to all employees to highlight any changes to pay/
mandated holidays and included contact details for queries.  A 
selection matrix was used to determine those employees that were 
to be unfurloughed and requested to return to the business.  This 
was to ensure we were fair and transparent during the process of 
furlough/unfurlough of our employees. 

During the pandemic, those who were at work and were in variable 
paid roles continued to receive their average pay, capped at 
£3,500. This was to compensate for their missed opportunity to 
earn bonus due to business trading conditions.  Those who were in 
management or salaried roles received 100% of basic pay.  In July 
2020, all pay plans were re-instated, including operational 
management bonus plans.  Employees who were shielding were 
furloughed, and were paid in line with all other colleagues.  

All employees were made aware of the whistleblowing policy, and 
provided with the details for the Employee Assistance Programme 

Stay safe and healthy
Lookers is committed to providing a safe and healthy environment 
to all who work or visit our premises. We continuously promote high 
standards of health and safety provision, which will minimise risks 
and avoid accidents and ill health.

The Board retains ultimate responsibility for health and safety at 
Lookers. Senior management take responsibility for the 
implementation of day-to-day health and safety standards, with the 
support of dedicated Health and Safety Advisors who assist with 
Health, Safety and Environmental risk. The Health and Safety 
Advisors undertake activity such as site visits, accident 
investigation, Health and Safety training and guidance for 
management on best practice. The activity of this team has been 
crucial in the defining and implementation of our COVID-19 
Secure protocols, designed to keep both our colleagues and 
customers safe as we reopened our business.

All colleagues are issued with the Group Health and Safety Policy 
and have access to a detailed Health and Safety guide. Health and 
Safety training is mandatory for all employees.

The Group has significantly streamlined the Health and Safety 
Management systems and standardised documentation and 
processes.

All managers have access to a Health referrals system for their 
teams and where required we offer health surveillance.

The statistics for the Group, under UK Health and Safety 
regulations for the years ended 31 December are:

2020

2019

Number of fatalities

Injuries resulting in absence over three days

-

14

Major injuries reported under RIDDOR*

12**

Dangerous occurrences reported  
under RIDDOR*

Number of enforcement notices issued by HSE

Number of prohibition notices issued by HSE

-

-

-

-

23

17

-

-

-

*Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations 1995
** 11 injuries / 1 illness reported to HSE

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Directors’ remuneration report

Dear Shareholder, 

I’m pleased to introduce the Directors’ remuneration report for the 
year ended 31 December 2020. This letter sets out the 
performance for the year and the resulting pay outcomes, the work 
undertaken by the Committee during 2020 and the 
implementation of the policy for 2021.

The Remuneration Committee is composed solely of the 
independent Non-Executive Directors. Sally Cabrini chaired the 
Remuneration Committee until she stepped down at the AGM on 
29 June 2020.  Heather Jackson took the chair at meetings of the 
Committee for an interim period before formally being appointed 
as Chair of the Committee with effect from 25 November 2020. 
Following Heather’s decision to step down from the Board I was 
appointed Committee Chair on 5 May 2021. I would like to thank 
Sally and Heather for their service to the business.

Context for executive pay and review of policy 
Our approach to pay during the year was determined by the 
existing Directors’ Remuneration Policy that was approved at our 
AGM in 2017. This has continued to shape our thinking and 
approach during the year. The Committee was pleased that over 
90% of shareholders voted in support of the revised Remuneration 
Policy which was tabled at the General Meeting in December 
2020. The formulation of this policy followed a close review of its 
effectiveness and an ever-changing economic background. While 
we originally intended to put a revised policy to a shareholder vote 
at the 2021 AGM, the Committee has determined that the timing is 
not right for this given the challenges being faced by the business. 
We will continue to monitor market sentiment and the alignment of 
the policy with the business strategy and will engage with 
shareholders to the extent that seeking approval for a revised 
policy is deemed to be appropriate ahead of the usual three year 
timescale.

We recognise there was a significant vote against the Annual 
Report on Remuneration for 2020 and understand that this was 
related to termination payments for Robin Gregson. Robin Gregson 
stood down from the Board in July 2019 and continued to receive 
basic salary and full benefits for a further period of 3 months while 
a handover of responsibilities was undertaken. The Board was 
comfortable this was a fair and reasonable arrangement in the 
circumstances. However, the Committee is mindful of the views of 
shareholders in relation to this issue, and we will ensure that we 
minimise the cost of any departures from the Board. We have 
demonstrated this with the treatment of Cameron Wade, Andy 
Bruce and Nigel McMinn, all of whose unvested incentive awards 
lapsed on cessation. The Committee has taken independent advice 
following shareholder feedback on CEO pay and are comfortable 
that the current level of remuneration is reasonable and 
competitive given the scale and complexity of the business.

Changes to Board
During 2020 and early 2021 there were several changes across 
the Executive and Non-Executive Director roles. Full details are 
included in the Report of the Chairman of the Nomination 
Committee on page 72.

In relation to the two new Executive Directors appointed to the 
Board during the year:

1.  Anna Bielby’s interim contract as Chief Financial Officer expires  
  on 31 July 2021. She was appointed on a base salary of  
  £300,000 with a 10% salary allowance linked to the production  
  of the 2020 Annual Report & Accounts. This was agreed to  

reflect the interim appointment, and Anna has no entitlement to  

  any variable pay during the term of the interim appointment.

2.  Duncan McPhee was appointed as Chief Operating Officer with  
  a base salary of £280,000 and other remuneration provisions in  

line with the Directors’ Remuneration Policy.

Changes to remuneration
As reported in the 2019 Directors’ Remuneration Report, in order 
to support the Group following cash constraints and disruption to 
the business caused by the ongoing outbreak of the coronavirus, 
the Directors volunteered to accept reductions in remuneration as 
follows for periods during 2020: 

•  Non-Executive Directors (April to July 2020 inclusive,  
  Fee of £50,000 p.a. (reduced from £65,000 p.a.); 

•  Non-Executive Chairman (April to June 2020 inclusive):  
  Fee of £97,500 p.a. (reduced from £130,000 p.a.); 

•  Executive Chairman (July to August 2020 inclusive):  
  Fee of £245,000 p.a. (reduced from £350,000 p.a.);

•  Chief Executive Officer (April to August 2020 inclusive):  
  Salary of £315,000 (reduced from £450,000).

Following a review of the increased role and responsibilities of the 
Non-Executive Chairman, it was agreed that the fee for this role 
would increase from £130,000 to £160,000 per annum with 
effect from 1 February 2021. It was also agreed that additional 
allowances of £20,000 for the role of the Chairman of Lookers 
Motor Group and £10,000 for the role of Senior Independent 
Director would be introduced with effect from this date.

Performance and incentive outcomes during 2020
As reported in the 2019 Directors’ Remuneration Report, it was 
agreed that there would not be an annual bonus award for the 
Chief Executive Officer for 2020 given the disruption caused by 
COVID-19 and the challenges faced by the business.

2020 was a year of change and uncertainty, not only within 
Lookers but nationally. This uncertainty continues into 2021 and 
will be reflected in our approach to executive remuneration for this 
period.

None of the Executive Directors serving during the year had 
outstanding LTIP awards due to vest based on performance to 31 
December 2020.

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Incentive awards for 2020 and 2021
In recognition of the external environment and the delay to the 
publication of our 2019 Annual Report & Accounts, no long-term 
incentive awards were made in 2020. The Committee believed that 
it would be inappropriate to grant long term incentives when there 
was an external investigation into the Group uncertainty of financial 
accounts and ongoing disruption from COVID-19. 

The Committee believes that long term incentive arrangements, 
linked to the Company’s performance, are an integral part of the 
Directors’ Remuneration Policy.  It has been agreed that an LTIP 
award will be made in respect of 2021. The details of this award 
will be finalised when the Group’s financial performance in the first 
half of 2021 is known. These awards will be in accordance with the 
existing Remuneration policy.

Page 90

Remuneration summary

Pages 88 to 97

Annual report on remuneration 

In line with the approved Directors’ Remuneration Policy, Executive 
Directors will be able to earn up to 150% of salary subject to the 
achievement of stretching bonus targets for 2021, against 
financial, team and individual objectives, with majority weighting 
(60%) on financial measures. Further detail is available on page 87. 

Contents 
This Directors’ Remuneration Report has been prepared on behalf 
of the Board by the Committee in accordance with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and the Large and 
Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) 
(Amendment) Regulations 2013 and in addition to this statement, 
is split into the following sections. 

This sets out payments and awards made to the Directors and details the link between Company performance 
and remuneration for 2020 and, together with this statement, is subject to an advisory shareholder vote at the 
General Meeting convened to approve the Annual Report & Accounts & Financial Statements.

Pages 101 to 106

This sets out key sections of the Company’s policy on Directors’ Remuneration which was approved at the 
December 2020 General Meeting.

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Directors’ remuneration report

In conclusion
This was a year of change across the Board, the Company and our 
industry. Together with our advisors we continue to monitor 
changes within corporate governance developments and best 
practice during 2021 to determine whether we need to revise our 
approach to remuneration going forward.

We are always keen to listen to shareholder feedback and very 
much look forward to engaging with you in future. 

Remuneration summary
Our strategy is focused on having the right brands and locations 
alongside excellent execution. Underpinning this strategy is our 
commitment to providing an outstanding retail experience and 
good outcomes for our customers. We have developed a reward 
strategy and elements of remuneration that align with this business 
strategy.

By Order of the Board
Victoria Mitchell
Interim Chair of Remuneration Committee
30 June 2021

Lookers business strategy

Base salary

Grow the business through organic growth and acquisition

Provide great service and expertise to customers through our 
people, technology and brand

Purpose and link to strategy

Fair

Competitive

Shareholder-aligned

To ensure that the Executive Directors are 
fairly rewarded for their individual 
contributions to the Group’s overall 
performance.

To provide a competitive remuneration 
package to Executive Directors, including 
long-term incentive plans, to motivate 
individuals.

A substantial proportion of the 
remuneration of the Executive Directors is 
performance related. Executive Directors 
should build up a significant holding of 
shares in the Company.

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Elements of reward

Purpose

Operation in 
2021

In-employment and 
post-employment 
shareholding 
requirement

Ensure alignment 
between the interests of 
Executive Directors and 
shareholders

Shareholding at 31 
December 2020:

M Raban: 2% vs 
requirement of 200% of 
salary 

The deferral of bonus 
into shares and the 
holding period are 
measures that seek to 
facilitate the increase of 
the Executive’s holding 
towards the requirement

Base salary and pension 
benefits

Annual bonus

Long-term incentive 
plan

Attract and retain 
Executives of high calibre 
and provide funding for 
future pension

Incentivise and motivate 
the achievement of 
business objectives  and 
reward performance 
against annual targets

Align interests with 
shareholders by 
providing long-term 
incentives delivered in 
the form of shares

Base salaries: 
M Raban: £450,000 

D McPhee: £280,000

A Bielby: £300,000

Pension allowance: 
Up to 5% of salary

A Bielby has a 10% of 
salary allowance linked to 
production of the 2020 
Annual Report & 
Accounts. This was 
agreed on appointment 
to reflect the interim 
appointment.

Benefits include: 
Participation in the 
Company’s car schemes, 
health insurance, life 
assurance and the 
opportunity to join the 
SAYE

Maximum bonus:

Normal LTIP opportunity:

150% of salary

CEO: 150% of salary

The performance targets 
for the 2021 bonus will 
be based on profit before 
tax, net debt, team and 
personal objectives

Up to 50% of bonus 
earned is deferred into 
shares. For 2021, 35% of 
the bonus will be 
deferred

Subject to regulatory, 
customer and 
performance underpin 
bonus is subject to malus 
and clawback

A Bielby is not entitled to 
any variable pay during 
the term of her interim 
appointment

Other Executives: 100% 
of salary

The Committee has 
agreed that an award will 
be made in respect of 
2021, but that the details 
of this award will be 
finalised when the 
Group’s financial 
performance for the first 
half of 2021 is known.

Subject to regulatory, 
customer and 
performance underpin

3-year performance 
period and 2 year holding 
period

LTIP is subject to malus 
and clawback

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Directors’ remuneration report

Considerations when determining remuneration policy and practice
The remuneration policy and practices have been operated in accordance with the principles and provisions in the Code. The table below 
sets out how the Committee has addressed various aspects in the Code:

Aspect

Clarity

How this is addressed in remuneration policy and practice

•  The Committee’s policy has been clearly set out in this report, including the individual elements of  

remuneration and their operation.

•  The Committee sets out the targets and performance against them in each Directors’ Remuneration Report,  
  as well as any exercise of discretion.

Simplicity

•  The remuneration policy is simpler than the previous policy in a number of ways including in relation to   
  bonus deferral and shareholding requirements.

Risk

•  The structure of remuneration is in line with normal market practice.

•  The incentive metrics are well understood by Executives and shareholders alike as they are in common use  

in the market.

•  The Committee believes that the incentive structure does not encourage undue risk-taking. There are a  
  number of mechanisms available to the Committee, including discretions within incentive plans that allow  
  adjustment in the case that the Committee believes the outcomes are excessive. 

• 

In particular, the underpins, discretion and malus and clawback provisions attached to incentive plans under  
the current policy contain specific reference to customer outcomes and regulatory compliance.

•  There has been no use of these discretion, malus and clawback provisions during 2020.

Predictability

•  The policy table and the illustrations of remuneration provide an indication of the possible levels of  

remuneration that may result from the application of the policy under different performance scenarios.

•  The Committee believes that the range of potential total remuneration scenarios is appropriate for the roles  
  and responsibilities of the Executive Directors and in the context of the performance required for incentive  
  awards to pay out.

Proportionality

•  The policy has been designed to give overall flexibility in operation, particularly in relation to incentive plan   
  metrics. This allows the Committee to implement the policy from year to year using the metrics that most    
  closely align with the Group’s strategy. This is demonstrated by the change in the proposed metrics for 2021.

•  The policy contains discretion to allow the Committee to adjust remuneration outcomes to ensure that they are  

reflective of overall performance in the short and long term. This discretion has not been used for 2020.

Alignment to 
culture

•  As well as aligning with the strategy of the business, the policy has been formed to allow focus on  
  broader stakeholders.

• 

In particular, there is an increased focus on customer outcomes through incentive metrics and discretion by  
the Committee. This is demonstrated in the metrics used for the 2021 bonus.

Annual report on remuneration
The information included in this report has been prepared in 
accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and 
the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts 
and Reports) Regulations 2008 (as amended) (the Regulations). 
The report also meets the relevant requirements of the Listing 
Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority, and the principles and 
provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code relating to 
remuneration matters. Remuneration disclosures are, where stated, 
subject to audit in accordance with the relevant statutory 
requirements.

The Committee is satisfied that the remuneration policy operated 
as intended during 2020. In particular, no bonus award was made 
in respect of performance for 2020 and no LTIP was granted 
during the year given the circumstances faced by the business. In 
assessing the appropriateness of the policy, the Committee carries 
out remuneration benchmarking using companies of similar size 
and complexity for the Directors at least every three years. The 
Committee is satisfied that the current levels of remuneration are 
appropriate in the light of the information provided.

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Directors’ remuneration report

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Single total figure of remuneration (audited)
The table below sets out the single total figure of remuneration and breakdown for each Director in respect of the 2020 financial year. 
Comparative figures for the 2019 financial year have also been provided.

Salary and fees (audited)
No salary increases took place during the year. The table below sets out the salary rates applicable during the year.   

£’000

Salary/ 
Fees

Benefits (12)

Annual 
bonus

LTIP (11)

Pension

Total

Total fixed 
pay

Total  
variable pay

2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019

Executive Directors

Mark Raban (1)

381 139

Cameron Wade (2)

33

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

Directors carrying out Non-Executive and Executive roles

Richard Walker (3)

98

116

Phil White (4)

269 167

Non-Executive Directors

Tony Bramall (5)

Sally Cabrini (6) 

Robin Churchouse (7)

Stuart Counsell (8)

Heather Jackson (9)

Victoria Mitchell (10)

61

28

5

60

69

69

46

52

-

52

11

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

22

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

404 147 404 147

35

-

35

-

98

116

98

116

269 167 269 167

61

28

5

60

69

69

46

52

-

52

11

5

61

28

5

60

69

69

46

52

-

52

11

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Notes:
1  Mark Raban joined the Group as Chief Financial Officer on 15 July 2019 and was appointed to the Board on this date. He was appointed to the role of  

Chief Executive Officer on 5 February 2020.

2  Cameron Wade joined the Group as Chief Operating Officer on 5 February 2020 and was appointed to the Board on this date. He subsequently stepped down  

from the Board on 12 March 2020.

3  Richard Walker fulfilled a part-time Executive role from 1 November 2019 to 29 February 2020. Prior to this, Richard was a Non-Executive Director. He  

subsequently stepped down from the Board on 29 June 2020.

4  Phil White became interim Executive Chairman effective between 1 November 2019 and 31 March 2020, and between 1 July 2020 and 31 January 2021.  

Prior to 1 November 2019 and between 1 April 2020 and 30 June 2020, Phil was the Non-Executive Chairman.

5  Tony Bramall stepped down from the Board on 31 December 2020.
6  Sally Cabrini stepped down from the Board on 29 June 2020.
7  Robin Churchouse was appointed to the Board as a Non-Executive Director on 8 December 2020.
8  Stuart Counsell stepped down from the Board on 31 December 2020.
9  Heather Jackson was appointed to the Board as a Non-Executive Director on 25 November 2019.
10  Victoria Mitchell was appointed to the Board as a Non-Executive Director on 20 December 2019.
11  The aggregate Directors’ emoluments excluding pension and LTIP awards in 2020 was £1,073,000 (2019: £1,347,000).
12  Benefits are participation in the Company’s car schemes, health insurance and life assurance premiums. 

Director

Mark Raban (1)

Cameron Wade (2)

Salary from  
1 January 2020

Salary from  
5 February 2020

Reduced salary from  
1 April 2020 to 31 August 2020

£300,000

-

£450,000

£310,000

£315,000

-

Notes:
1.  Mark Raban was Chief Financial Officer until 5 February 2020 and was appointed to the role of Chief Executive Officer from 5 February 2020. Mark’s salary   
  was reduced by 30% to £315,000 for the period from April to August 2020 inclusive to support the business during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
2.  Cameron Wade was appointed to the Board in the role of Chief Operating Officer on 5 February 2020 and stepped down from the Board on 12 March 2020. 

Following the departure of the previous Executive Directors, Phil White became interim Executive Chairman and Richard Walker took on 
an Executive role on a part-time basis from 1 November 2019. The annual rates of fees they received during 2020 are set out below:

Director

Interim Executive 
Director fee from  
1 January 2020

Non-Executive 
Director fee for  
March 2020

Reduced Non-Executive 
Director fee for April to 
June 2020 inclusive

Fee for July 2020 
(notice period)

Richard Walker (1) 

£450,000

£65,000

£50,000

£65,000

Notes:
1.  Richard Walker returned to his Non-Executive Director role with effect from 1 March 2020. He subsequently stepped down from the Board on 29 June 2020.  
  His fees were reduced by £15,000 p.a. from April to June 2020 inclusive to support the business during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Director

Interim Executive 
Chairman fee from  
1 January 2020

Reduced Non-
Executive Chairman 
fee from April to June 
2020 inclusive

Interim Executive 
Chairman Fee for July  to 
August 2020 inclusive

Fee from  
1 September 2020

Phil White (1)

£350,000

£97,500

£245,000

£350,000

Notes:
1.  Phil White returned to his Non-Executive Chairman role with effect from 1 April 2020. He subsequently was re-appointed to the Executive Chairman role  
  with effect from 1 July 2020. His fees were reduced by 30% for the period from 1 April 2020 to 31 August 2020 to support the business during the  
  COVID-19 pandemic.

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Directors’ remuneration report

The Non-Executive Director fees applying during 2020, were 
reduced from £65,000 to £50,000 for the period between  April 
and July 2020 to support the business during the COVID-19 
pandemic.

In the light of the additional workload and responsibilities of the 
roles, including additional time commitment for various projects 
being undertaken during the year, it was agreed that the fees for 
Heather Jackson and Victoria Mitchell would be increased to 
£85,000 for a transition period with effect from 1 August 2020 to 
31 January 2021. 

Annual bonus (audited)
As reported in the 2019 Directors’ Remuneration Report, it was 
agreed that there would not be an annual bonus award for 
Executive Directors in respect of 2020 given the disruption caused 
by COVID-19 and the challenges faced by the business.

LTIP awards vesting during the year (audited)
None of the Executive Directors serving during the year had 
outstanding LTIP awards due to vest based on performance to 31 
December 2020.

Pension entitlements and cash allowances (audited)
The cash in lieu of pension payments to Executive Directors during 
the year was 5% of salary per annum.

Payments for loss of office (audited)
On 12 March 2020, Cameron Wade stepped down from the Board 
as Chief Operating Officer with immediate effect. No further 
payments were made to Cameron. In particular, he was not eligible 
for any bonus in respect of his service as an Executive Director and 
his outstanding share awards lapsed on termination. 

Payments to past Directors (audited)
Andy Bruce and Nigel McMinn stepped down from the Board as 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer on 1 November 
2019 and left the Company on 31 December 2019. Both former 
Directors were entitled to payments in lieu of the remaining 
proportion of their notice period calculated by reference to base 
salary and benefits, payable in monthly instalments and subject to 
mitigation. However, in response to the Company’s circumstances 
and the ongoing investigations, the Committee considered it 
appropriate to suspend the notice payments in March 2020.

In the course of the year, the Committee considered whether it was 
appropriate to reinstate the notice payments due to Andy Bruce 
and Nigel McMinn and permit the exercise of their vested share 
awards, alongside considering whether it should seek to claw back 
any share awards and bonus amounts paid to any of the 
Company’s former Directors.  

After careful consideration and having taken legal advice on the 
extent of its powers to apply malus and clawback to the former 
Directors’ remuneration, the Committee approved that (1) malus be 
applied to the vested LTIP awards granted in 2016 to Andy Bruce 
and Nigel McMinn, which were previously suspended, such that the 
number of shares under award be reduced to nil; (2) settlement 
payments of £170,112 and £79,875 be made to Andy Bruce and 

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Nigel McMinn respectively, equal to a portion of the suspended 
notice payments, but with a reduction in the total amounts to reflect 
the Committee’s decision to clawback 100% of the gross amount 
of each of Andy Bruce and Nigel McMinn’s FY2018 annual 
bonuses, on the grounds of material misstatement in the 
Company’s accounts; and (3) the suspension on the ability of Andy 
Bruce and Nigel McMinn to exercise their vested LTIP awards 
granted to them in 2015 be lifted, which was determined by the 
Committee in its discretion to be appropriate, taking into account 
that the 2015 LTIP awards were granted some time before the 
discovery of financial misstatements in the Company’s accounts, 
the Committee’s decision to clawback 100% of the former 
Directors’ FY 2018 bonuses and the benefit to the Company of 
avoiding protracted legal proceedings. Andy Bruce’s 2015 LTIP 
award is over 274,615 shares with a value of £191,681based on a 
share price of £0.698 on vesting as at 25 June 2021, whilst Nigel 
McMinn’s 2015 LTIP award is over 209,884 shares with a value of 
£146,499 based on a share price of £0.698 as at 25 June 2021.
In addition the Committee resolved to lift the suspension of the 
ability to exercise Andy Bruce and Nigel McMinn’s outstanding 
ESOS awards, granted on 5 January 2011 and 30 June 2014. 
Andy Bruce’s 2011 ESOS award is over 269,836 shares with a 
value of £188,346 based on a share price of £0.698 as at 25 
June 2021 and his 2014 ESOS award is over 289,256 shares 
with a value of £201,901 based on a share price of £0.698 as at 
25 June 2021. Nigel McMinn’s 2014 ESOS award is over 221,074 
shares with a value of £154,310 based on a share price of £0.698 
as at 25 June 2021.

The Committee also agreed to pay £15,000 + VAT to each of Andy 
Bruce and Nigel McMinn by way of contribution to their legal fees.

As previously reported, Robin Gregson’s 2017 LTIP award 
completed its performance period as at 31 December 2019. 
However, in the course of the year, the Committee considered 
whether, in light of the restatements to Lookers’ Financial 
Statements following the completion of investigations, it would be 
appropriate to clawback all or a percentage of (i) Robin Gregson’s 
FY2018 annual bonus; (ii) the LTIP awards made to him in each of 
2015 and 2016; and (iii) whether it should seek to apply malus to 
his LTIP awards for the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 such that the 
number of shares subject to those awards would be reduced to nil. 
Having taken legal advice on the extent of its powers to apply 
malus and clawback to Robin Gregson’s remuneration in respect of 
both the bonus amount and LTIP awards, the Committee has 
determined that taking this course of action would be appropriate. 
The Company is therefore currently in correspondence with Robin 
Gregson in order to seek to apply clawback and malus.

LTIP awards granted during the year (audited)
Robin Gregson stepped down from the Board as Chief Financial 
Officer in July 2019. He was treated as a good leaver and 
therefore retained his long term incentive awards granted in 2017, 
2018 and 2019, subject to time pro-rating and performance. 
While the performance period for the 2017 and 2018 awards is 
completed, the Committee has not yet approved the vesting of 
these awards, but is working with the business to undertake an 
exercise to review the performance against the targets in the light 
of the restatements to Lookers’ Financial Statements following the 
completion of investigations.

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Statement of Directors’ shareholdings (audited)
The table below summarises the Directors’ shareholdings as at 31 December 2020, or the date they stepped down from the Board if 
earlier. The shareholding as a percentage of salary is determined by reference to the share price on 31 December 2020 of £0.21 and 
effective salary as at that date. 

Shareholding 
requirement*

(% of salary)

Number of 
shares held 
(including by 
connected 
persons)

Vested but 
unexercised 
share 
options)

Unvested 
share 
interests not 
subject to 
performance

Overall shareholding

Number of 
shares

% of salary

Unvested 
share interests 
subject to 
performance

Directors carrying out Non-Executive and Executive roles

Mark Raban

Cameron Wade (1)

200%

200%

50,000

-

Directors carrying out Non-Executive and Executive roles

Richard Walker

Phil White

Non-Executive Directors

Tony Bramall

Sally Cabrini

Robin Churchouse

Stuart Counsell

Heather Jackson

Victoria Mitchell

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

53,716

75,658,051

-

-

226,559

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

50,000

-

-

53,716

75,658,051

-

-

226,559

-

-

2%

0%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Notes:
1.  Cameron Wade’s outstanding share interests lapsed on cessation on 12 March 2020.
[There were no subsequent changes in shareholdings for Directors who remain in service as at the date of approval of this report.]
* See policy on page 103.

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Performance graph and table
The chart below shows the Company’s ten-year annual Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance against the FTSE All-Share Total 
Return Index, which is considered to be an appropriate comparison to other public companies of a similar size. 

Percentage change in remuneration of Directors and employees
The table below sets out the percentage change in salary, taxable benefits and annual bonus paid to each Director in respect of 2019 
and 2020, compared to that of the average change for employees in the Group as a whole.

The table below the chart sets out the total single figure of remuneration for the Chief Executive over each of the last ten years. 

% increase from 2019 to 2020

Salary and fees

Benefits

Annual Bonus

n
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0
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e
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e
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D
1
3

t
a
0
0
1
o
t
d
e
s
a
b
e
r
(

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 0

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 1

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 2

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 3

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 4

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 5

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 6

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 7

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 8

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 1 9

3 1 / 1 2 2 0 2 0

Lookers

FTSE All Share

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Peter 
Jones

Peter 
Jones

Peter 
Jones(1)

Andy 
Bruce

Andy 
Bruce

Andy 
Bruce

Andy 
Bruce

Andy 
Bruce

Andy 
Bruce(2)

Richard 
Walker(3)

Richard 
Walker

Mark 
Raban(4)

583

739

1,436

806

894

1,628

553

633

463

75

43

373

63% 100% 100% 100% 87%

67%

20%

34%

-

-

100%

-

-

100%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Chief 
Executive 
Officer

Total single 
figure 
(£’000)

Annual 
bonus 
(% of max)

LTIP 
vesting
(% of max)

Notes:
1.  Peter Jones retired on 31 December 2013.
2.  Andy Bruce was appointed on 1 January 2014 and stepped down on 1 November 2019.
3.  Richard Walker became interim Executive Director on 1 November 2019.
4.  Mark Raban was appointed Chief Executive Officer on 5 February 2020.

Executive Directors

Mark Raban (1) 

Cameron Wade (2) 

27%

-

Directors carrying out Non-Executive and Executive roles

Richard Walker (3) 

Phil White (4) 

Non-Executive Directors

Tony Bramall

Sally Cabrini (5) 

Robin Churchouse (6) 

Stuart Counsell

Heather Jackson (7) 

Victoria Mitchell (8) 

Employee average

All employees

8%

61%

33%

17%

-

15%

6%

6%

1%

0% 

 0%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10%

-22%

Notes:
1.  Mark Raban was Chief Financial Officer between 15 July 2019 and 4 February 2020 inclusive and Chief Executive Officer with effect from 5 February 2020.  

The percentage increase is based on the difference between his annual rate of pay as Chief Financial Officer and the total pay received during 2020.

2.  Cameron Wade served during 2020 only. 
3.  Richard Walker fulfilled a part-time Executive role and a Non-Executive role during 2019 and 2020. Richard stepped down from the Board on 29 June 2020.  

The percentage increase is based on the difference between his 2019 pay and his annualised rate of pay assuming he had remained in service as a  

  Non-Executive Director for the remainder of 2020.
4.  Phil White fulfilled a part-time Executive role and a Non-Executive role during 2019 and 2020. 
5.  Sally Cabrini stepped down from the Board on 29 June 2020. The percentage increase is based on the difference between her 2019 pay and her annualised  

rate of pay assuming she had remained in service as a Non-Executive Director for the remainder of 2020.

6.  Robin Churchouse served during 2020 only.
7.  Heather Jackson was appointed to the Board as a Non-Executive Director on 25 November 2019.  The percentage increase is based on the difference  

between her annualised rate of pay for 2019 and her actual pay for 2020.

8.  Victoria Mitchell was appointed to the Board as a Non-Executive Director on 20 December 2019. The percentage increase is based on the difference between 

her annualised rate of pay for 2019 and her actual pay for 2020.

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Directors’ remuneration report

Chief Executive Officer pay ratio
The table below compares the 2020 single total figure of remuneration for the Chief Executive Officer with the Group’s employees paid at 
the 25th percentile (lower quartile), 50th percentile (median) and 75th percentile (upper quartile) of its UK employee population:

Year

2020

2019

Method

Option B

Option B

25th percentile 
pay ratio

21:1

26:1

Median
 pay ratio

15:1

20:1

75th percentile 
pay ratio

11:1

13:1

As required by the regulations, the CEO single figure used to 
determine the 2020 pay ratios is based on the sum of the total 
single figures of remuneration for Richard Walker (as Acting CEO) 
between 1 January 2020 and 4 February 2020 inclusive and for 
Mark Raban from 5 February 2020. This gives a total of £415,463. 

The remuneration figures for the employee at each quartile  
were determined with reference to the financial year ended  
31 December 2020.

Option B, as prescribed under the reporting regulations, was used 
to calculate these figures. The Committee is comfortable that this 
approach provides a fair representation of the Chief Executive 
Officer to employee pay ratios and is appropriate in comparison to 
alternative methods.

Under this option, the latest available gender pay gap data (i.e. from 
April 2020) is used to identify the best equivalent for three Group 
UK employees whose hourly rates of pay are at the 25th, 50th and 
75th percentiles for the Group. A total pay and benefits figure for 
2020 is then calculated for each of those employees. This is also 
sense checked against a sample of employees with hourly pay rates 
either side of the identified individuals to ensure that the 
appropriate representative employee is selected. The pay ratios 
outlined above are then calculated using the total pay and benefits 
of the selected employee for each quartile point.

No elements of pay were estimated or excluded in the calculations, 
and all pay and benefits were valued in line with the single figure 
methodology. Full-time equivalent total pay and benefits was 
determined by up-rating elements of pay based on average full-
time equivalent hours for the financial year, where appropriate. All of 
the identified employees were employed for the full financial year. 

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The table below sets out the salary and total pay and benefits for the three quartile point employees:

25th percentile (P25)

Median (P50)

75th percentile (P75)

Salary

Total pay and benefits

£18,138

£19,383

£25,598

£27,638

£33,429

£36,293

The Committee considers that the median pay ratio is consistent 
with the relative roles and responsibilities of the Chief Executive 
Officer role and the identified employee. Base salaries of all 
employees, including our Executive Directors, are set with 
reference to a range of factors including market practice, 
experience and performance in role. The remuneration package of 
our Executive Directors is weighted towards variable pay (including 
the annual bonus and LTIP) due to the nature of their roles, and this 

means the CEO pay ratio is likely to fluctuate depending on the 
outcomes of incentive plans in each year. The ratios have 
decreased between 2019 and 2020, which is primarily due to a 
reduction in the total pay of the CEO of around 20%. The 
Committee believes that the ratios are at a level that are 
appropriate in a year when Executive Directors did not earn any 
variable pay in the form of bonus or LTIP pay-outs, given the role 
and responsibilities of the Chief Executive Officer. 

Relative importance of spend on pay
The table below sets out the total spend on pay in 2019 and 2020 compared with distributions to shareholders and which was the most 
significant outgoing for the Company in the last financial year:

Spend on staff pay  
(including Directors)1

Profit distributed by way of 
dividend and share buy-back2

2020

£234.3m

£0m

2019

£300.2m

£15.9m

% increase

-22%

-100%

Notes:
1 Excluding share based compensation – see Note 5 to the Financial Statements. 2020 is net of £34.9m of Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme receipts. 
2 No dividends were paid and no share buy-backs occurred in the year ended 31 December 2020. 

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Directors’ remuneration report

Benefits and pension
No changes are intended to be made to the benefits available to 
the Directors during 2021.

Consistent with the proposed Directors’ Remuneration Policy, 
Executive Directors receive a pension contribution of up to 5% of 
salary, which is aligned with the current pension for the wider 
workforce, as follows:

Director

Pension provision

Anna Bielby  

3% of salary between Lower Earnings Limit 
and Upper Earnings Limit

Duncan McPhee  

6% of salary above the Upper Earnings 
Limit (equivalent to 4.9% of total salary)

Mark Raban

5% of salary

Non-Executive Directors are not eligible to receive pension 
contributions. 

Incentives for 2021
Bonus awards of up to 150% of salary may be earned by 
Executive Directors in respect of performance during 2021.  
The following metrics and weightings will apply:

Metric

Weighting

Financial objectives:

• Underlying Profit Before Tax

Team objectives, including those related to 
Dealer Management System, Business 
Development Centres and Culture.

Individual objectives

40%

20%

25%

15%

No bonuses will be paid if a minimum level of Underlying Profit 
Before Tax is not earned.

Details of the targets are commercially sensitive and will be 
disclosed in the 2021 Directors’ Remuneration Report, alongside 
performance against them. 

65% of the bonus earned will be paid in cash and 35% will be 
deferred into shares for three years. 

Anna Bielby has a 10% of salary allowance linked to production of 
the 2020 Annual Report & Accounts. This was agreed to reflect the 
interim appointment. Anna is not entitled to any variable pay during 
the term of the interim appointment.

It has been agreed that an LTIP award will be made in respect of 
2021. The details of this award will be finalised when the Group’s 
financial performance for the first half of 2021 is known. These 
awards will be in accordance with the existing Remuneration Policy.

£ pa

2021 Salary/Fees

• Net debt

Statement of implementation of Directors’ remuneration  
policy in 2021

Salaries and fees
The salaries and fees to be paid to Directors in 2021 are set out in 
the table below. Following a review of the role and responsibilities 
of the Non-Executive Chairman, it was agreed that the fee for this 
role would increase from £130,000 to £160,000 per annum with 
effect from 1 February 2021. Save for an adjustment to the 
structure of the fees for the Non-Executives, there were no further 
changes in salary or fee levels between 2020 and 2021.

Executive Directors

Anna Bielby (1) 

Duncan McPhee (2) 

Mark Raban

£300,000

£280,000

£450,000

Non-Executive Directors

Non-Executive Chairman

£160,000

Non-Executive Director  
base fee 

Lookers Motor Group 
Chairman additional fee (3) 

Senior Independent Director 
additional fee (4) 

£65,000

£20,000

£10,000

Notes:
1.  Anna Bielby was appointed to the role of Interim Chief Financial Officer on  
  5 January 2021.
2.  Duncan McPhee was appointed to the role of Chief Operating Officer on  
  29 January 2021.
3.  Additional fee for Lookers Motor Group Chairman was introduced effective  

from 1 February 2021.

4.  Additional fee for Senior Independent Director was introduced effective  

from 1 February 2021.

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Consideration by the Directors of matters relating to Directors’ 
remuneration

PwC has no other connection with the Company or with individual 
Directors.

The Committee
The Committee is responsible for reviewing and recommending 
the framework and policy for remuneration of the Executive 
Directors and of senior management.

The members of the Committee during 2020 were:
•  Sally Cabrini, (Chair of the Remuneration Committee until she  

stepped down from the Board on 29 June 2020);

•  Stuart Counsell;
•  Phil White (between 1 April and 30 June 2020 only);
•  Richard Walker (for a meeting in May 2020 only);
•  Heather Jackson (Chair of the Remuneration Committee  

from 25 November 2020);

•  Victoria Mitchell; and
•  Robin Churchouse, from 8 December 2020.

The Committee met nine times during 2020. The attendance at 
meetings by each member of the Committee is set out in the 
Corporate Governance Statement on page 65.   
The primary role of the Committee is to:
•  set the Directors’ remuneration policy applying to  
  Executive Directors;
•  approve the quantum and structure of the remuneration  
  packages for the Executive Directors, and from 2019, for  
  other senior Executives;
•  determine the balance between base pay and performance  
related elements of the package to align senior Executives’  
interests with those of shareholders; and

•  approve annual and long-term incentive payments for  

senior Executives.

Summary of activity during 2020
The Committee carried out the following during 2020:
•  Reviewed and determined:

•  salary levels for the Executive Directors and fees for  
  the Chairman;
•  the outcome of targets under the annual bonus plan and LTIP;

•  Set targets for the 2020 annual bonus plan;
•  Considered LTIP awards and determined that no LTIP award  
  would be granted for 2020;
•  Considered emerging developments in executive pay;
•  Completed a consultation exercise with shareholders on the  
  Directors’ Remuneration Policy;
•  Approved remuneration arrangements for appointments to and  
  departures from the Board;
•  Reviewed the 2019 Remuneration Report; and
•  Reviewed the 2020 gender pay gap report.

The Committee previously appointed PwC and received advice 
over the year on all aspects of remuneration, including the review 
of the Directors’ Remuneration Policy and its operation. PwC is a 
member of the Remuneration Consultants’ Group and complies 
with its Code of Conduct which includes guidelines to ensure that 
advice is independent and free of undue influence. During the year, 
PwC was paid fees of £125,400 in respect of advice to the 
Committee relating to Directors’ pay, based on a time-spent basis. 

Members of the Senior Management team, including the Chief 
People Officer, the General Counsel and Company Secretary, the 
Chairman (including periods of Executive office) and the Executive 
Directors have provided input to the Committee in determining the 
remuneration of the Directors. None of the individuals were present 
when their own remuneration was being discussed.

The Committee undertook a consultation exercise including 
investors and their representative proxy bodies during 2020 ahead 
of seeking approval for a new Directors’ Remuneration Policy. 
Although we were not proposing significant changes to the policy, 
we were pleased with the support demonstrated by shareholders, 
culminating in votes in favour from over 90% of shareholders at 
the General Meeting in 2020. The Committee is happy to take on 
board feedback from shareholders and to meet with shareholders 
to discuss any aspect of remuneration.

The Committee receives reports on an annual basis on the level of 
pay rises awarded across the Group and takes these into account 
when determining salary increases for Executive Directors. In 
addition, the Committee receives regular reports from the Human 
Resources team on workforce remuneration and on the structure 
of remuneration for senior management in the tier below the 
Executive Directors and uses this information to ensure a 
consistency of approach for the most senior managers in the 
Group.  The Committee approves the award of any long-term 
incentives. The Chairman of the Remuneration Committee has 
attended meetings with the Chief People Officer to develop a 
greater level of understanding in relation to pay and people 
practices in the business, but the Committee has not engaged 
directly with employees in relation to how executive pay policy 
aligns with wider pay policy. 

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Directors’ remuneration policy
The Directors’ Remuneration Policy was approved by shareholders 
at a General Meeting held on 28 December 2020. The following 
section reproduces certain sections of the approved Directors’ 
Remuneration Policy.

Remuneration policy
The policy of the Committee, the principles underlying which are 
unchanged from the previous policy approved at the 2017 AGM, is 
to ensure that the Executive Directors are fairly rewarded for their 
individual contributions to the Group’s overall performance and to 
provide a competitive remuneration package to include long-term 
incentive plans, to motivate individuals and align their interests with 

those of shareholders, customers and other stakeholders. In 
addition, the Committee’s policy is that a substantial proportion of 
the remuneration of the Executive Directors should be 
performance related and that they be required to build up a 
significant holding of shares in the Company, which are retained for 
two years post-employment.

This policy has been determined by the Committee, with input from 
management and external advisers. The Committee members have 
no conflicts of interest arising from cross-directorships and no 
Director is involved in any decisions as to his or her own 
remuneration.

Future policy table

BASE SALARY

Attract and retain high calibre Executive Directors to deliver the strategy.

Operation 

Paid in monthly instalments during the year.

Maximum potential value
Salaries are generally set at or below market median, with an 
emphasis on incentive pay. 

Reviewed annually to reflect role, responsibility and performance 
of the individual and the Company, and to take into account rates 
of pay for comparable roles in similar companies.

When selecting comparators, the Committee has regard to the 
Group’s size and business sector.

There is no prescribed maximum increase, but normally increases 
will be in line with those for the wider workforce, unless there are 
reasons such as a change in Executive Director’s role and/or 
responsibilities, or to apply salary progression for an Executive 
Director who has been appointed below market level.

Performance metrics
None

PENSION

Attract and retain Executive Directors for the long term by providing funding for retirement.

Operation 
All Executive Directors are entitled to participate in money 
purchase arrangements, or to receive a cash allowance in lieu of 
pension contributions.

 N.B. Any pensions paid as salary supplements are not counted 
for the purposes of determining bonus or LTIP levels. 

Maximum potential value
5% of salary. 

Performance metrics
None

Directors’ remuneration report

Statement of voting
The latest votes in respect of remuneration matters were cast at a General Meeting on 28 December 2020 for the Directors’ 
Remuneration Policy and the 2019 Annual Report on Remuneration as follows:

To approve the Directors’  
Remuneration Policy

To approve the 2019 Annual Report  
on Remuneration 

Votes for

Votes against

Abstentions

Number

%

Number

%

Number

256,362,073

92.2%

21,743,451

7.8%

228,792

197,690,603

71.1%

80,413,403

28.9%

230,310

The Committee took note that while the vast majority of 
shareholders voted in favour of the policy, a number of 
shareholders voted against last year’s Annual Report on 
Remuneration. The Board understands that the reason for the 
number of votes cast against was primarily concerned with notice 
being served for our previous Chief Financial Officer with effect 
from his date of stepping down from the Board rather than from the 
date of announcement.  While Mark Raban was recruited to the 
role of CFO in July 2019, there was a significant amount of 
handover work to be completed and therefore there was a 

requirement for Robin Gregson to continue employment until 
September to assist with this. The Remuneration Committee 
determined at the time that it was fair given the circumstances 
surrounding Robin’s departure that a full 12 month notice period 
should be provided for from his termination date. We will take on 
board the response to this decision in future and continue a 
dialogue with shareholders.

Victoria Mitchell,  
Interim Chair of Remuneration Committee,
30 June 2021

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Directors’ remuneration report

Future policy table

BENEFITS

Provide benefits consistent with role. 

Operation
Currently these consist of participation in the Company’s car 
schemes, health insurance, life assurance premiums, D&O 
insurance and the opportunity to join the Company’s savings 
related share option scheme (SAYE). 

The Committee reviews the level of benefit provision from time to 
time and has the flexibility to add or remove benefits to reflect 
changes in market practice or the operational needs of the Group.

Maximum potential value
The cost of providing benefits is borne by the Company and 
varies from time to time.

Performance metrics
None

ANNUAL BONUS

Incentivises achievement of business objectives by providing a reward for performance against annual targets.

Maximum potential value
Up to 150% of salary.

Performance metrics
Performance conditions are determined annually by the 
Committee and threshold and maximum targets are set for each 
condition.

At least 50% of the bonus is subject to financial targets. The 
measures vary from year to year to reflect priorities and business 
strategy.

In exceptional circumstances such that the Committee believes 
the original measures and/or targets are no longer appropriate, 
the Committee has discretion to amend performance measures 
and targets during the year.

Operation
A proportion of the bonus earned (up to 50%) is deferred into 
shares for two years and the remaining amount is paid in cash.

Annual bonus awards are subject to provisions which enable the 
Committee to recover (clawback) or withhold (malus) value in the 
event of a misstatement of the accounts for the financial year in 
respect of which the bonus was paid, an error in the assessment 
of the extent to which the applicable performance target had 
been met, fraud, employee misconduct, failure of risk 
management and regulatory failure within two years of the 
payment date of the cash bonus and within two years of the 
vesting date of the deferred shares.

A sliding scale operates between threshold and target 
performance, and between target and maximum performance. 
No bonus is payable where performance is below the threshold.

The proportions of bonus payable for different levels of 
performance may vary based on the nature of measures and the 
level of stretch in the targets. 

Payment of any bonus is subject to the overriding discretion of 
the Committee. The Committee may adjust the bonus outcome 
(either upwards or downwards) from the formulaic outcome to 
ensure that any bonus paid reflects individual and underlying 
Company performance, customer outcomes and regulatory 
compliance.

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Future policy table

LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN (LTIP)

Alignment of interests with shareholders by providing long-term incentives delivered in the form of shares.

Operation
Grant of nil-cost options, which vest at least 3 years from grant 
subject to the achievement of performance conditions and may 
not be exercised after the tenth anniversary of grant.

Maximum potential value
Maximum annual award over shares with a market value of 150% 
of base salary for the CEO and 100% of base salary for other 
Executive Directors. 

A two-year holding period applies to all vested awards, during 
which time Executive Directors may not sell shares, save to settle 
tax due. 

In exceptional circumstances, such as to secure an external 
appointment or in specific retention scenarios, an award up to 
250% of salary may be made.

LTIP awards are subject to provisions which enable the 
Committee to recover (clawback) or withhold (malus) value in the 
event of a misstatement of the accounts for the financial year in 
respect of which the LTIP award vested, an error in the 
assessment of the extent to which the applicable performance 
target had been met, fraud, employee misconduct, failure of risk 
management and regulatory failure within two years of the 
vesting of the LTIP award.

The Committee has discretion to: 

(i)   adjust the vesting of LTIP awards and/or the number of  

shares underlying unvested LTIP awards on the  
occurrence of a corporate event or other reorganisation;

(ii)  amend the formulaic outcome of LTIP awards upwards or  
downwards to reflect the Committee’s assessment of  
individual and underlying business performance,   
customer outcomes and regulatory compliance. 

Performance metrics
Awards are based on a combination of performance metrics, with 
at least 50% being financial measures. 

Threshold and maximum targets are set at grant.

The Committee has discretion to amend the performance 
conditions/targets attached to outstanding awards granted under 
this policy in the event of a major corporate event or significant 
change in economic circumstances, or a change in accounting 
standards having a material impact on outcomes.

SHARE OWNERSHIP REQUIREMENT

To ensure alignment between the interests of Executive Directors and shareholders.

Maximum potential value
Not applicable

Performance metrics
Not applicable

Operation
200% of salary for all Executive Directors, to be reached over a 
five-year period from appointment to the Board. 

Executive Directors must retain 50% of any deferred shares and 
shares they acquire under the LTIP, after allowing for the sale of 
shares to pay tax and other deductions, until such time as they 
have built up the required holding level. 

Executive Directors must retain a shareholding on cessation of 
employment for two years equal to the lower of 200% of salary 
and the actual shareholding on cessation. Shares bought by 
Executive Directors and shares granted prior to this policy coming 
into force are not subject to this holding requirement.

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Directors’ remuneration report

Approach to recruitment remuneration 
The Committee’s approach to recruitment remuneration is to offer 
a market competitive remuneration package sufficient to attract 
high calibre candidates who are appropriate to the role but without 
paying any more than is necessary.

and non-performance related awards, reflecting the profile of the 
awards forgone. The terms of these awards will reflect those 
forgone so far as is possible to provide an equivalent opportunity, 
including taking into account the likelihood of meeting 
performance conditions.

Any new Executive Director’s regular remuneration package would 
include the same elements and be in line with the policy table set 
out earlier in this Directors’ remuneration policy, including the same 
limits on performance related remuneration.

Where it is necessary to “buy-out” an individual’s awards of variable 
remuneration made by a previous employer, the Committee will 
make replacement awards through a combination of performance 

Where an internal candidate is promoted to the Board, the original 
grant terms and conditions of any bonus or share awards made 
before that promotion will continue to apply, as will their 
membership of any of the Group’s pension arrangements.
Reasonable relocation and other similar expenses may be paid if 
appropriate.

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Directors’ service contracts, notice periods and termination payments
Executive Directors have service contracts with a 12-month notice period by the Company and 6 months by the Executive Director, with 
the elements of variable remuneration dealt with in accordance with the rules of the relevant scheme, as more fully described in the table 
below:

Provision

Policy

Notice periods and compensation 
for loss of office in Executive 
Directors’ service contracts

12 months’ notice by the Company and 6 months’ notice by Executive Director.

Payment in lieu of any part of the notice period not served may be made by the Company 
equal to basic salary, pensions and benefits for that part of the notice period only. The payment 
of any sum in lieu of notice will be phased over the notice period and subject to mitigation.

Treatment of annual bonus on 
termination

Treatment of unvested LTIP awards

A bonus for the financial year of termination may be paid at the discretion of the Committee 
having regard to applicable performance conditions and normally with time pro-rating being 
applied. Any bonus would normally be subject to deferral in shares, although the Committee 
has discretion to pay the bonus fully in cash.

Good leavers (i.e. leavers in circumstances of death, injury, disability, redundancy, retirement or 
transfer of employing business outside Group) will be allowed to retain their deferred share 
awards. The Committee has discretion to treat any other leaver as a good leaver. The deferred 
share awards of any leaver who is not a good leaver will lapse on cessation of employment.

Awards for good leavers will normally vest following the end of the applicable vesting period.

Good leavers (i.e. leavers in circumstances of death, injury, disability, redundancy, retirement or 
transfer of employing business outside Group) will be allowed to retain their LTIP awards. The 
Committee has discretion to treat any other leaver as a good leaver. The awards of any leaver 
who is not a good leaver will lapse on cessation of employment.

Awards for good leavers will normally vest following the end of the applicable performance 
period subject to an assessment of the extent to which performance targets have been met 
and the application of time pro-rating.

The Committee has discretion to allow awards to vest immediately on a cessation of 
employment subject to an assessment of the extent to which performance targets have been 
met.

The Committee has the discretion to waive the requirement to pro-rate for time.

Good leavers may exercise their LTIP awards within 6 months of vesting (1 year for death).

On a change of control, awards will vest immediately subject to an assessment of the extent to 
which the performance targets have been met. The number of shares subject to LTIP awards is 
reduced pro-rata to reflect the proportion of the vesting period completed before cessation. 
The Committee has the discretion to waive the requirement to pro-rate.

Outside appointments

One outside appointment is permitted subject to Board approval.

Executive Directors may retain the fees paid in respect of any external appointment.

Non-Executive Directors

All Non-Executive Directors are subject to annual re-election. No compensation is payable if a 
Non-Executive Director is required to stand down.

In the event of the negotiation of a compromise or settlement 
agreement between the Company and a departing Director, the 
Committee may make payments it considers reasonable in 
settlement of potential legal claims. Such payments may also 
include reasonable reimbursement of professional fees in 
connection with such agreements.

The Committee may also include the reimbursement of repatriation 
costs or fees for professional or outplacement advice in the 
termination package, if it considers it reasonable to do so. It may 
also allow the continuation of benefits for a limited period.

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Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       105

Directors’ remuneration report

Non-Executive Directors’ fee policy
The policy for the remuneration of the Non-Executive Directors is as set out below. Non-Executive Directors are not entitled to a bonus, 
they cannot participate in the Company’s share option schemes and they are not eligible for pension arrangements.

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FEES

To attract Non-Executive Directors who have a broad range of experience and skills to oversee the implementation of our 
strategy.

Operation
Non-Executive Director fees are determined by the Board within 
the limits set out in the Articles of Association.

Maximum potential value
Reviewed annually to reflect role, responsibility and performance 
of the individual and the Company.

An additional fee may be paid for additional duties and/or 
specific roles.

Annual rate set out in the Annual Report on remuneration for the 
current year and the following year.

Paid in 12 equal monthly instalments during the year.

No prescribed maximum annual increase.

Expenses, including travel to and from Board meetings, are 
reimbursed by the Company including any tax payable on those 
expenses.

By Order of the Board
Victoria Mitchell
Interim Chair of Remuneration Committee
30 June 2021

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Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       107

Directors’ report

Content of the report
Lookers plc is a public limited company incorporated in the United 
Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006, with registered number 
111876 in England and Wales. The Directors present their report for 
the year ended 31 December 2020. Our Strategic Review on pages  
6 to 47 contains the information to be presented by way of a 
management report in accordance with DTR 4.1.8, i.e. a fair review of 
the Company’s business and a description of the principal risks and 
uncertainties it faces.  It also includes certain other information on 
which reports and statements are required by the UK Corporate 
Governance Code (this includes our section 172 statement and 
information on stakeholder and UK workforce engagement) and an 
indication of the likely future developments in the Group’s business. The 
Board approved the Strategic Review set out on pages 6 to 47 and the 
Viability Statement set out on page 38.  Additional information on which 
the Directors are required by law to report is set out below or within the 
following sub-sections of the Governance section:

•  Board of Directors
•  Chairman’s statement on Corporate Governance
•  Report from the Chairman of the Nomination Committee
•  Report from the Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee
•  Corporate Social Responsibility Review (including energy  
  consumption and efficiency reporting, greenhouse gas  
  emissions disclosures and disclosures in relation to the  
  employment of disabled persons)
•  Directors’ Remuneration Report (including details on  
  compensation for loss of office)
•  Directors’ Report
•  Directors’ Responsibility Statement

Dividends
As explained in the Chairman’s Statement on page 9, the Board is 
not recommending the payment of a dividend for the year to 31 
December 2020.  

Directors who served during the year
The following were the Directors of the Company who served during 
the year:

Name

Tony Bramall1

Sally Cabrini2

Robin Churchouse3

Stuart Counsell1

Heather Jackson5

Mark Raban

Richard Walker2

Victoria Mitchell

Cameron Wade4

Phil White

1   Stuart Counsell and Tony Bramall resigned as Directors of the Company  
  with effect from 31 December 2020.
2   Sally Cabrini and Richard Walker did not stand for re-election at the AGM  

on 29 June 2020.

3   Robin Churchouse was appointed as a Director of the Company on  
  8 December 2020.
4    Cameron Wade was appointed a Director of the Company on  
  5 February 2020 and resigned with effect from 12 March 2020.
5   Heather Jackson resigned from her position after the year-end and her  

resignation was effective 30 April 2021.

108       |       Governance

Directors’ interests and conflicts
The Directors have a statutory duty to avoid conflicts of interest.  
There are procedures in place to deal with any conflicts or potential 
conflicts of interest and to ensure that all such interests are disclosed 
and (where appropriate) approved by the Board. The Board maintains 
a register of interests to identify and, where appropriate, manage 
conflicts or potential conflicts of interest. At each Board meeting, the 
Board considers the register and any potential conflicts of Directors 
in order to provide the necessary approvals.

Details of the Directors’ interests in the Company’s shares and 
securities are disclosed in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on 
page 93.  

Directors’ indemnity provisions
The Company (and its subsidiaries) has made qualifying third-party 
indemnity provisions for the benefit of all the Directors. Such 
indemnity provisions were in force during the year and remain in 
force at the date of this report.

Share buy-back and share capital
The Company’s issued share capital is made up of ordinary shares of 
5p each with full voting, dividend and capital distribution, including 
distribution rights. They do not confer any right of redemption. On a 
poll every ordinary shareholder is entitled to one vote for each share 
of which they are the holder.  

Details of the current shares in issue and changes during the year is 
shown in Note 24 to the Financial Statements.  

The powers of the Directors to issue or buy back shares are 
restricted to those approved by shareholders at a general meeting. 

At the AGM in June 2020, pursuant to section 570 of the Companies 
Act 2006, shareholders approved the issue of shares for cash up to 
5% of the existing issued share capital and an additional 5% (only to 
be used in connection with an acquisition or specified capital 
investment) in each case without the application of pre-emption 
rights. That authority expired at the conclusion of the 2021 AGM, at 
which a resolution was proposed for its renewal.  

At the AGM in June 2020, pursuant to section 701 of the Companies 
Act 2006, shareholders approved that the Company could make 
market purchases of shares up to 10% of the existing issued share 
capital.  This authority, which has not been used, expired at the 
conclusion of the 2021 AGM, at which a resolution was proposed for 
its renewal.  

The Company operates a number of share option schemes  
available to all staff and/or executives. More information is included 
in Note 25 to the Financial Statements.

Financial instruments
Details of the Group’s use of financial instruments is included in  
Note 22 to the Financial Statements. That Note provides details of 
the financial risk management objectives and policies and the policy 
on hedging and the exposure to price risk, credit risk, liquidity risk 
and cash-flow risk.

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Donations
Charitable donations amounted to £2k paid in the year (2019: 
£623k). No political donations were made in the current or prior 
financial year.

Research and development
The Group is committed to developing its offering and devotes time 
to researching emerging technologies and developing its practices 
and service to customers, for example in relation to the electrification 
of vehicles.  More information on this is included in the Strategic 
Report on pages 6 to 47.  

Auditor
In the case of each of the persons who are Directors of the Company 
at the date when this report was approved:
•  So far as each is aware, there is no relevant audit information (as  
  defined by the Companies Act 2006) of which the Company’s  
  auditor is unaware; and
•  Each of the Directors has taken all the steps that he/she ought  

to have taken as a Director to make himself/herself aware of any  
relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s  

  auditor is aware of that information.

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance 
with the provisions of S418 of the Companies Act 2006.

Substantial shareholdings
As at 31 December 2020, the following interests in the ordinary 
share capital of the Company had been disclosed to the Company 
in accordance with DTR 5 concerning notification of major 
shareholdings or voting rights arising from the holding of certain 
financial instruments:

Interests disclosed to the Company that have occurred between 
31 December and the date of this report are as follows:

Number of  
Shares

% Voting  
Rights

Interest

D. C. A. Bramall

78,598,051

20.14

Indirect

Guernsey Investments 
Limited

44,699,087

11.45

Direct

Articles of association
The Company is required to conduct its business in accordance 
with its Articles of Association, changes to which have to be 
approved by shareholders.

Subsequent events
Details of events occurring subsequent to the year-end are made 
within Note 27 to the Financial Statements.

Information to be disclosed under LR 9.8.4R

Listing Rule

Detail

Page reference

9.8.4R (1), (2) 
and (5) to (14)

9.8.4R (4)

Not applicable

Long-term incentive 
schemes

n/a

92

This report was approved by the Board of Directors and is signed 
on its behalf by:

Phillip Kenny
Company Secretary 
30 June 2021

Number of  
Shares

% Voting  
Rights

Interest

D. C. A. Bramall

75,658,051

19.44

Indirect

Artemis Fund 
Managers Limited

Guernsey Investments 
Limited

JO Hambro Capital 
Management

39,604,611

10.15

Indirect

39,034,087

10.03

Direct

22,129,189

5.62

Indirect

Aberforth Partners LLP

19,727,002  

5.07

Indirect

JPMorgan Asset 
Management Holdings 
Inc

19,528,035

5.02

Indirect

Tweedy Browne

Not stated

5.01

Direct

Aggregate of Standard 
Life Aberdeen plc 
affiliated investment 
management entities

12,378,153

3.14

Indirect

Norges Bank

11,716,384

3.01

Direct

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       109

 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ responsibilities statement

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The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report & 
Accounts and the Financial Statements in accordance with 
international accounting standards in conformity with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and applicable law and 
regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare Financial Statements 
for each financial year.  Under that law the Directors are required to 
prepare the Group financial in accordance with international 
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006.  The Company Financial Statements applied 
FRS 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’. Under company law the 
Directors must not approve the Financial Statements unless they are 
satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of 
the Group and Company and of the profit or loss for the Group and 
Company for that period. The Directors are also required to prepare 
Financial Statements in accordance with international financial 
reporting standards adopted pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 
1606/2002 as it applies in the European Union. 

In preparing these Financial Statements, the Directors are required to:

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them   
  consistently;

•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable  
  and prudent;

•  state whether they have been prepared in accordance with  
international accounting standards in conformity with the  
requirements of the Companies Act 2006, subject to any material  

  departures disclosed and explained in the Financial Statements;

•  state whether they have been prepared in accordance with  

international financial reporting standards adopted pursuant to  

  Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 as it applies in the European 
  Union, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained  

in the Financial Statements;

•  prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern basis  
  unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will 
  continue in business; 

•  prepare a Directors’ report, a strategic report and Directors’  

remuneration report which comply with the requirements of the  

  Companies Act 2006.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that 
the Financial Statements comply with the Companies Act 2006 and, 
as regards the Group Financial Statements, Article 4 of the IAS 
Regulation.  

responsible for ensuring that the Annual Report & Accounts, taken 
as a whole, are fair, balanced, and understandable and provides the 
information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s 
performance, business model and strategy. 

Website publication
The Directors are responsible for ensuring the Annual Report & 
Accounts and the Financial Statements are made available on a 
website. Financial Statements are published on the Company’s 
website in accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom 
governing the preparation and dissemination of Financial 
Statements, which may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions.  
The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the 
responsibility of the Directors. The Directors’ responsibility also 
extends to the ongoing integrity of the Financial Statements 
contained therein.

Directors’ responsibilities pursuant to DTR4
The Directors confirm to the best of their knowledge:

•  The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with  
the applicable set of accounting standards and Article 4 of the  
IAS Regulation and give a true and fair view of the assets,  
liabilities, financial position and profit and loss of the Group and  

  Company.

•  The Annual Report & Accounts includes a fair review of the  
  development and performance of the business and the financial  
  position of the Group and Company, together with a description of  

the principal risks and uncertainties that they face.

•  The Annual Report & Accounts, taken as a whole, are fair,  
  balanced and understandable and provide the information  
  necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s position and  
  performance, business model and strategy.

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Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       111

They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention 
and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The Directors are 

Mark Raban
Chief Executive Officer
30 June 2021

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial 
Statements

112       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       113

Independent auditor’s report to the 
members of Lookers plc

Opinion on the Financial Statements
In our opinion:

• 

the Group Financial Statements have been properly prepared in  

the Group Financial Statements have been properly prepared in  

the Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the state of  
the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs as at 31  
  December 2020 and of the Group’s loss for the year then  
  ended;
• 
  accordance with international accounting standards in   
  conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006;
• 
  accordance with international financial reporting standards:  
  adopted pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 as it  
  applies in the European Union;
• 
  prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally  
  Accepted Accounting Practice; and
• 
  with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; and, as  
regards the Group Financial Statements, Article 4 of the  
IAS Regulation.

the Parent Company Financial Statements have been properly  

the Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance  

We have audited the Financial Statements of Lookers plc (the 
‘Parent Company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the year 
ended 31 December 2020 which comprise the statement of total 
consolidated comprehensive income, the consolidated and 
company statement of financial position, the consolidated and 
company statement of changes in equity, the consolidated 
statement of cash flows and Notes to the Financial Statements, 
including a summary of significant accounting policies. The 
financial reporting framework that has been applied in their 
preparation is applicable law and international accounting 
standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006 and international financial reporting standards, adopted 
pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 as it applies in the 
European Union. The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied in the preparation of the Parent Company financial 
statements is United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including 
Financial Reporting Standard 101 “Reduced Disclosure 
Framework” (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting 
Practice).

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International 
Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the 
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Statements 
section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have 
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion. Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to 
the Audit and Risk Committee. 

Independence
Following the recommendation of the Audit and Risk Committee, 
we were appointed by the Directors on 22 January 2021 to audit 
the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2020 
and subsequent financial periods. The period of total uninterrupted 
engagement including previous renewals and re-appointments of 
the firm is 1 year, covering the year ended 31 December 2020.

We remain independent of the Group and the Parent Company in 
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the Financial Statements in the UK, including the FRC’s 
Ethical Standard as applied to listed public interest entities, and we 
have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with 
these requirements. The non-audit services prohibited by that 
standard were not provided to the Group or the Parent Company. 

Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the Financial Statements, we have concluded that the 
Directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the 
preparation of the Financial Statements is appropriate. 

The Group’s disclosure on application of the going concern basis 
of preparation for the Financial Statements is included in the 
principal accounting policies disclosed on pages 124 to 135.

The Group is reliant on its finance facilities to ensure that it can 
meet its liabilities as they fall due. These have been renegotiated 
subsequent to the year-end and require the Group to maintain 
specified financial ratios and certain other financial covenants 
including an assessment of liquidity and minimum cumulative 
EBITDA requirements tested quarterly.

Due to the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the 
global shortage of semiconductor chips, there is an increased risk 
that the business may fail to comply with the required covenant 
conditions which may affect the Group’s ability to operate as a 
going concern. 

Management have prepared estimates of future trading 
performance and costs and the impact of this performance on 
future covenant requirements and liquidity. In completing this 
model management have included the ongoing effects of the 
COVID-19 pandemic and taken into consideration latest guidance 
from manufacturers on the potential impact of the shortage of 
semiconductor chips on new car stock available over the period 
under review.

Management have also prepared a number of reverse stress tests 
that models changes in the forecast performance to test how 
resilient the business is to reasonably possible events, including an 
analysis of what mitigating actions may be required to rectify 
forecast loss of headroom in key covenants. As a result of the 
judgements required by management in their forecasts and 
assessments we considered going concern and viability to be a key 
audit matter.

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•  We reviewed the facility and covenant headroom  
calculations, and re-performed sensitivities on  
  management’s base case and downside scenarios;
•  We considered the reasonableness of mitigating factors  

available to management in respect of the ability to restrict  
  discretionary expenditure, close further parts of the business  

and sell surplus assets; and

•  We reviewed the going concern disclosures, and assessed  

its consistency with management’s forecasts.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any 
material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, 
individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group 
and Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a 
period of at least twelve months from when the Financial 
Statements are authorised for issue. 

In relation to the Parent Company’s reporting on how it has applied 
the UK Corporate Governance Code, we have nothing material to 
add or draw attention to in relation to the Directors’ statement in 
the Financial Statements about whether the Directors considered it 
appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with 
respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of 
this report.

Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Group and the 
Parent Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern 
basis of accounting and our response to the key audit matter 
included the following procedures:

 We obtained management’s assessment that supports the Board’s 
conclusions with respect to the disclosures provided around going 
concern and viability and performed the following:

•  We considered the consistency of management’s cash flow  

forecasts with other areas of the audit, such as the  
impairment model; 

•  We challenged the rationale for the assumptions utilised in  
the forecasts including new and used car sales, using our  
knowledge of the business, the sector and wider  
commentary available from competitors and peers with the  
support of internal business restructuring experts. We  
challenged the underlying assumptions behind the forecasts  
(including reasonably possible downside scenarios  
identified), by reference to third party industry and economic  
reports to assess whether the forecasts prepared by  

  management are reasonable;
•  We considered the appropriateness of management’s  

forecasts by testing their mechanical accuracy, assessing  
historical forecasting accuracy and understanding    
  management’s consideration of downside sensitivity  

analysis;

•  We obtained an understanding of the renewed financing  
facilities, including the nature of the facilities, repayment  
terms, covenants and attached conditions as well as  
amendments to the facilities prior to the Directors’ approval  
of the Financial Statements. We assessed whether the terms  
and conditions therein were consistent with those applied by  

  management in their base case and downside scenario  

forecasts;

Coverage of areas subject to a full scope audit

84% of Group revenue

75% of Group net assets

Key audit matters

Inventory Valuation and Provisioning for Used Vehicles 

Management Override of Controls 

Valuation of Goodwill and Other Intangibles 

Materiality

Commercial Income Recognition 

Classification of Non-underlying Items 

Going Concern and Viability 

Group Financial Statements as a whole

£1.84m (based on 0.05% of revenue)

2020

3

3

3

3

3

3

114       |        Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Independent auditor’s report to the 
members of Lookers plc

Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional 
judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the Financial 
Statements of the current period and include the most significant 
assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) 
that we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: 
the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit, and 
directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the Financial Statements as 
a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a 
separate opinion on these matters.

An overview of the scope of our audit
Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the 
Group and its environment, including the Group’s system of internal 
control, and assessing the risks of material misstatement in the 
Financial Statements.  We also addressed the risk of management 
override of internal controls, including assessing whether there was 
evidence of bias by the Directors that may have represented a risk of 
material misstatement.

Overall our audit procedures accounted for 84% of the Group’s 
revenue and 75% of the Group’s total net assets.  Components were 
scoped in to address aggregation risk and to ensure sufficient 
coverage was obtained over Group balances on which to base our 
audit opinion. The scope of our audit is summarised below:

•  We focused primarily on the audit work at ten significant  
components, which were subject to full scope audit    

  procedures. The ten components considered significant were  
  Lookers plc, Bolling Investments Limited, Lookers Motor  
  Group Limited, The Dutton-Forshaw Motor Company Limited,  
  Charles Hurst Limited, Addison Motors Limited, Colebrook  
and Burgess Limited, MB South Limited, Drayton Group  

  Limited and Warwick Holdings Limited.
•  At the parent entity we also tested the consolidation process  

and carried out analytical procedures to confirm our   
conclusion that there were no significant risks of material  
  misstatement of the aggregated financial information of the  

remaining entities not subject to audit.

•  Dutton-Forshaw Holdings Company Limited and Lookers  
  Motor Holdings Limited were audited to a set component  
  materiality to provide additional coverage of net assets.
•  Three leasing entities including Get Motoring UK Limited,  
  Lookers Leasing Limited and Fleet Financial Limited were  

subject to risk based agreed upon procedures.

All audit work was performed by the UK engagement team including 
a Group team as well as component team, with the use of external 
experts where necessary. The Group engagement team directed and 
supervised the work of the component team, attended planning calls 
with the component team where the scope of their work was 
discussed, and also attended further planning calls with divisional 
management. The Group engagement team reviewed the working 
papers of the component team and attended meetings with them 
and the respective divisional management teams following 
completion of the work.

The Parent Company is accounted for by the head office finance 
team. The audit work in respect of the Parent Company was 
completed by the Group engagement team. The remaining 
components of the Group were considered non-significant and 
these components were principally subject to analytical review 
procedures by the Group engagement team.

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Key Audit Matter

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter

Management override of controls

Our audit response involved the following:

The Group addressed a number of accounting 
irregularities in the prior year following a series of 
investigations. These were a combination of 
correctional adjustments for fictitious 
transactions, inappropriate or inconsistent 
accounting standards being applied over a 
number of years and errors arising from control 
deficiencies.

There are three principal ways in which 
management might be likely to override the 
controls:

•  Overriding the Group’s revenue recognition    
  policies meaning that profits on sales are  
  moved from one accounting period to another;

•  Changes to accounting estimates affecting the  
relevant charge to the profit and loss account;  

  and

•  Posting of manual journals outside the normal  
  accounting process to fraudulently misstate    

the relevant balance.

Due to the unpredictable way in which such 
override could occur and recognising the known 
issues from the prior year, this was an area of 
increased risk of fraud and error for the audit.

•  an assessment of the scope of the review carried out by management and  

the forensic accountants in the prior year including the procedures  

  performed;

•  use of internal forensic specialists to support the audit team in evaluating   
the scope and findings of the investigation. This included an assessment of  
the evidence pertaining to the adjustments identified and other evidence   

  gathered as part of the investigation. The forensic specialists also  

supported the audit team in tailoring the audit response to those findings; 

•  Assessment of whether there was any understatement of liabilities,  

incorrect capitalisation of PPE or issues in relation to offsetting of cash and  
  overdrafts which were all identified as key adjustments in the prior year at   
  head office;

•  use of data analytics tools to interrogate accounting journals and other  
  adjustments to the Financial Statements. In doing so determining key risk   
  characteristics based on our understanding of the Group and its divisions   
  and verification of a sample of entries made that met the risk criteria,  
  agreeing the journals to supporting documentation;

•  challenge of estimates and judgements applied by management in the  
  preparation of the Financial Statements to assess their appropriateness  
  and determine whether there is any evidence of the existence of  
systematic bias. See other key audit matters documented below;

•  consideration of the nature of unadjusted audit differences to assess  
  whether there are any indications of bias or deliberate misstatement;

• 

testing of revenue recognition and cut-off around the year end to check    
revenue had been recognised in the correct period;

•  a critical assessment of the consolidation (including recharges and intra  
  Group eliminating entries) and verification through supporting  
  documentation for all related journals posted over our set thresholds. This   

included the consideration of manual or late journals posted in the  

  consolidation. 

  Key observations

Based on the procedures performed, we did not identify any material bias in 
management’s estimates and consider the key judgements and assumptions 
used to be appropriate. Our testing of journal entries and other adjustments 
did not identify any inappropriate items.

116       |        Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Independent auditor’s report to the 
members of Lookers plc

Key Audit Matter

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter

Key Audit Matter

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter

Our audit response involved the following:

•  challenge of the appropriateness of the CGUs identified including the  
  allocation changes made during the current year with reference to the  
  accounting standards;

•  assessment of management’s considerations on which specific assets/ 
  groups of assets give rise to the most concern in relation to impairment by  
  challenging the underlying cash flows in the impairment model; 

•  consideration of the rationale for key inputs made by management in the   
  cash flow forecasts and how these linked back to the going concern  

forecasts;

•  consideration of IAS 36 requirements in respect of the assumptions related  

to growth and discount rates to understand any areas of estimation  

  uncertainty;

•  use of our internal valuation experts to review the appropriateness of the    
  discount rates adopted;

•  use of third party market data to assess the appropriateness of growth  

rates applied;

•  assessment of the accuracy and the mechanics behind management’s  

impairment model.

  Key observations

Based on the work performed, we concluded that the assumptions applied in 
the impairment model are appropriate.

Valuation of goodwill and other intangible 
assets

The Group’s accounting policies are disclosed on 
pages 124 to 135. See critical accounting 
judgements and key sources of estimation 
uncertainty on page 128, disclosure on page 149 
(Note 10) and the Audit and Risk Committee 
Report on page 77.

Where there are low contribution dealerships then 
there is a risk that goodwill and intangible assets 
attributed to those cash generating units (“CGU”) 
may be impaired. At the year-end, impairments 
were recognised to goodwill amounting to £2.6 
million and to intangible assets amounting to £1 
million. 

The Group’s assessment of impairment in 
accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets” is 
a judgemental process which requires estimates 
concerning the estimated cash flows, discount 
rates and growth rates based on management’s 
view of future business prospects. 

Management performed a full impairment 
assessment for goodwill to determine if the 
carrying value of goodwill is supported. 

The key assumptions applied by the Directors in 
the impairment reviews are:

•  cash flow forecasts are consistent with those   
  used as part of the going concern review,  

including assumptions of future growth, gross  

  margin and central cost allocation; and 

•  discount rates. 

We considered this to be a key audit matter as the 
value of goodwill is supported by forecasts of 
future cash flows of the business. There is 
inherent uncertainty within these forecasts arising 
from changing industry and economic conditions 
and thus significant management judgement and 
assumptions are required.

Inventory valuation and provisioning for used 
vehicles

The Group’s accounting policies are disclosed on 
pages 124 to 135. See critical accounting 
judgements and key sources of estimation 
uncertainty on page 128, disclosure on page 158 
(Note 16) and the Audit and Risk Committee 
Report on page 77.

The used inventory balance, included within 
goods for resale, totalled £196.7 million (2019: 
£221.6 million) at the year-end. 

The assessment of net realisable value of used 
vehicles inventory can fluctuate as a result of 
market factors and the condition of vehicles. 
These factors lead to difficulty in estimating the 
likely sale price of a vehicle and thus the level of 
provisioning required.  

As a result of the inherent judgement in the 
provision requirements for used inventory we 
considered this to be a key audit matter. 

Our audit response involved the following:

•  attendance of stock counts to assess the identification of obsolete stock as  
  well as the condition of the stock to check any impact on the provision was  
  considered;

•  verification of the ageing of inventory across the divisions to assess  
  whether the ageing profiles which flow into the provision calculations are    
  accurate on a sample basis;

•  challenging the net realisable value of used vehicles by comparing the  
  carrying value on a sample of vehicles to third party data, and also by  

reference to a selection of post year-end sales; and

•  assessment of the historical accuracy of management’s estimate of  
  provisions held by way of review of utilisation of the prior year provision.

  Key observations

Based on the work performed, we concluded that the valuation and 
provisioning for used vehicles at year-end are appropriate.

Commercial income recognition

Our audit response involved the following:

The Group’s accounting policies are disclosed on 
pages 124 to 135. See critical accounting 
judgements and key sources of estimation 
uncertainty on page 128 and the Audit and Risk 
Committee Report on page 77.

Commercial income receivable at the year-end 
was £34.1 million (2019: £46.3 million). The risk 
has been focused to the valuation of commercial 
income receivable held on the balance sheet at 
the year-end.

Commercial income arises from volume related 
and vehicle specific rebates derived from the 
Group’s manufacturer partners and is significant 
to the Group’s overall results.

This is due to a large number of differing 
agreements in place which can lead to a level of 
judgement being required to assess whether 
recognition criteria has been met at the year-end. 

•  review of post year end receipts/credit notes to assess subsequent  

recovery on a sample basis;

•  a retrospective review of the recoverability of prior year commercial income  

receivable;

•  challenge of the integrity of the recorded data by management, through    
recalculating a sample of commercial income receivable at the year -end    

  with reference to the terms and volumes of vehicles sold in the    
  manufacturer agreements; and

•  an assessment of the suppliers’ financial stability and therefore their ability  

to settle the commercial income receivable.

  Key observations

Based on the work performed, we consider that the valuation of commercial 
income receivable at year end is appropriate.  

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Independent auditor’s report to the 
members of Lookers plc

Key Audit Matter

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter

We challenged the Directors’ rationale for the designation of certain items as 
non-underlying items, assessed such items against the Group’s accounting 
policy and consistency of treatment with prior periods, taking into account the 
significant changes in the business that have occurred during the year. We also 
performed the following procedures:

•  challenged the appropriateness of those items disclosed as non-underlying,  
  with particular consideration to European Securities and Markets Authority  
(ESMA) guidance, to assess whether the items are outside the ordinary  

  course of business and as such may distort comparability;

•  considered the consistency of treatment for non-underlying items between  
  debit and credit items;

•  challenged the treatment of the FCA provision release (£10.4m) as an  
  adjusting post balance sheet event in line with IAS 10; and

•  assessed the extent to which non-underlying items relate to previous  
  underlying business performance to evaluate whether they are comparable.

  Key observations

Based on the work performed, we consider that those items disclosed as non-
underlying on the face of the statement of total consolidated comprehensive 
income have been appropriately classified.

Classification of non-underlying items

The Group’s accounting policies are disclosed on 
pages 124 to 135. See critical accounting 
judgements and key sources of estimation 
uncertainty on page 127 and the Audit and Risk 
Committee Report on page 77.

In the statement of total consolidated 
comprehensive income, the Group presents both 
non-underlying and underlying operating profit 
and profit before tax.

During the current year a net £12.1 million 
expense (2019: £49.7 million) has been 
presented as non-underlying items. Refer to Note 
30 for management’s reconciliation of non-
underlying items to the Group’s statutory profit 
measure. 

Management judgement is required when 
applying their accounting policy and determining 
the classification of items as non-underlying 
within the Group’s statement of total consolidated 
comprehensive income. We have determined that 
there is a potential for possible manipulation of 
the Group’s underlying performance results 
through classifications of items due to the level of 
judgement involved and the importance of 
underlying profit to readers of the Financial 
Statements. 

Our application of materiality
We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and 
performing our audit, and in evaluating the effect of misstatements.  
We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which 
misstatements, including omissions, could influence the economic 
decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of the 
Financial Statements. 

In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that 
any misstatements exceed materiality, we use a lower materiality 
level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing 
needed. Importantly, misstatements below these levels will not 
necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of 
the nature of identified misstatements, and the particular 
circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their effect on 
the Financial Statements as a whole. 

Component materiality  
Component materiality ranged from £50,000 to £1,656,000 in the 
audit of each component based on the size and our assessment of 
the risk of material misstatement of that component. We further 
applied performance materiality levels of 60% of the component 
materiality to our testing to ensure that the risk of errors exceeding 
component materiality was appropriately mitigated.

Reporting threshold  
We agreed with the Audit and Risk Committee that we would report 
to them all audit differences in excess of £36,800. We also agreed 
to report differences below this threshold that, in our view, 
warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. 

Other information
The Directors are responsible for the other information. The other 
information comprises the information included in the Annual 
Report & Accounts other than the Financial Statements and our 
auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the Financial Statements 
does not cover the other information and, except to the extent 
otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form 
of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the 
other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other 
information is materially inconsistent with the Financial Statements 
or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise 
appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material 
inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are 
required to determine whether this gives rise to a material 
misstatement in the Financial Statements themselves. If, based on 
the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report 
that fact.

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We have nothing to report in this regard.

Corporate governance statement
The Listing Rules require us to review the Directors’ statement in 
relation to going concern, longer-term viability and that part of the 
Corporate Governance Statement relating to the Parent Company’s 
compliance with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance 
Statement specified for our review. 

Based on the work undertaken as part of our audit, we have 
concluded that each of the following elements of the Corporate 
Governance Statement is materially consistent with the Financial 
Statements or our knowledge obtained during the audit. 

Going concern and longer-
term viability

•  The Directors’ statement with regards to the appropriateness of adopting the going concern    
  basis of accounting and any material uncertainties identified set out on page 125; and

•  The Directors’ explanation as to its assessment of the entity’s prospects, the period this  
  assessment covers and why the period is appropriate set out on page 38.

Other Code provisions 

•  Directors’ statement on fair, balanced and understandable set out on page 68; 

•  Board’s confirmation that it has carried out a robust assessment of the emerging and principal  

risks set out on page 30; 

•  The section of the Annual Report & Accounts that describes the review of effectiveness of risk  
  management and internal control systems set out on page 68; and

•  The section describing the work of the Audit and Risk Committee set out on page 74.

Other Companies Act 2006 reporting
Based on the responsibilities described below and our work 
performed during the course of the audit, we are required by the 

Companies Act 2006 and ISAs (UK) to report on certain opinions 
and matters as described below.  

Strategic report and 
Directors’ report 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors’ report for the financial year for   

• 
  which the Financial Statements are prepared is consistent with the Financial Statements; and

the Strategic report and the Directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with  

• 
  applicable legal requirements.

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and Parent Company and its 
environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in 
the strategic report or the Directors’ report.

Directors’ remuneration

In our opinion, the part of the Directors’ remuneration report to be audited has been properly 
prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006.

Matters on which we are 
required to report by 
exception

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies 
Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate  

for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

the Parent Company Financial Statements and the part of the Directors’ remuneration report to  

• 
  be audited are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

•  certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

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A further description of our responsibilities is available on the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/
auditorsresponsibilities.  This description forms part of our 
auditor’s report.

Use of our report
This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a 
body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies 
Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might 
state to the Parent Company’s members those matters we are 
required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other 
purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or 
assume responsibility to anyone other than the Parent Company 
and the Parent Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, 
for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Gary Harding (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor
3 Hardman Street
Spinningfields
Manchester
M3 3AT
30 June 2021

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and 
Wales (with registered number OC305127).

Independent auditor’s report to the 
members of Lookers plc

Responsibilities of Directors
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibility Statement, 
the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the Financial 
Statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view, and for such internal control as the Directors determine is 
necessary to enable the preparation of Financial Statements that 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the Financial Statements, the Directors are 
responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Parent Company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, 
matters related to going concern and using the going concern 
basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate 
the Group or the Parent Company or to cease operations, or have 
no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial 
Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the Financial Statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an 
auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is 
a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit 
conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a 
material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from 
fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Financial 
Statements.

Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, 
including fraud
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with 
laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our 
responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in 
respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our 
procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 
is detailed below. 

Based on our understanding and accumulated knowledge of the 
Group and the sector in which it operates we considered the risk of 
acts by the Group which were contrary to applicable laws and 
regulations, including fraud and whether such actions or non-
compliance might have a material effect on the Financial 
Statements. These included but were not limited to those that 
relate to the form and content of the Financial Statements, such as 
the Group accounting policies, international accounting standards, 
the UK Companies Act 2006 and the UK Corporate Governance 
Code; those that relate to the payment of employees; and industry 
related such as compliance with health and safety and FCA 
compliance. All team members were briefed to ensure they were 
aware of any relevant regulations in relation to their work and 
potential fraud risks.

We assessed the susceptibility of the financial statements to 
material misstatement including fraud and evaluated 
management’s incentives and opportunities for fraudulent 
manipulation of the financial statements (including the risk of 
override of controls as referred to in the key audit matter section 
above), and determined that the principal risks were related to 
posting inappropriate journal entries, revenue recognition, 
commercial income, lease accounting and management bias in 
accounting estimates. 

Our audit procedures included, but were not limited to:  

•  Use of forensic specialists to consider the outcome of the  

investigations in the prior year, and the resulting impact this  

  would have on the procedures to be performed;
•  Obtaining an understanding of the control environment in  
  monitoring compliance with laws and regulations;
•  Consideration of the processes in place in relation to furlough  
  and substantive testing of amounts received to ensure valid  

recognition;

•  Enquiring of management, the Audit and Risk Committee, along  
  with internal and external legal counsel concerning actual and  
  potential litigation and claims;
•  Performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or  
  unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material  
  misstatement due to fraud;
•  Reading minutes of meetings of those charged with  
  governance, reviewing internal audit reports and reviewing  
  correspondence with the FCA;
•  Challenging assumptions and judgements made by  
  management in their significant accounting estimates, in  
  particular in relation to the Group’s defined benefit pension  

scheme liabilities, commercial income debtor recognition, and  
forecasts used within impairment models utilised to assess  
  goodwill impairment; (as referred to in the key audit matter  

sections above);

•  A critical assessment of the consolidation and consideration of  
  manual or late journals posted at consolidated level;
• 

Identification and testing of journal entries, in particular any  
journal entries posted with unusual account combinations or  
including specific keywords using data analytics; and

•  Agreement of the Financial Statement disclosures to underlying  

supporting documentation; 

Our audit procedures were designed to respond to risks of material 
misstatement in the Financial Statements, recognising that the risk 
of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher 
than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may 
involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, 
misrepresentations or through collusion. There are inherent 
limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further 
removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the 
events and transactions reflected in the Financial Statements, the 
less likely we are to become aware of it.

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Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal accounting policies 

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of 
these Financial Statements are set out below. These policies have 
been consistently applied to all years presented, unless stated 
otherwise. 

•  Disclosure of the future impact of new International Financial  
  Reporting Standards in issue but not yet effective at the  

reporting date; Comparative narrative information.

General information 
Lookers plc is a public limited company incorporated in the United 
Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006, with registered number 
111876 in England and Wales. The address of the registered office 
is given in Note 15 to the Financial Statements. The nature of the 
Group’s operations and its principal activities are set out in the 
Directors’ Report. The main activities of the Group are the sale, hire 
and maintenance of motor vehicles and motorcycles, including the 
sale of tyres, oil, parts and accessories, and the FCA-regulated 
activities of credit broking and insurance distribution. 

1.Basis of preparation 
The consolidated Financial Statements of the Company are 
prepared in accordance with international accounting standards in 
conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and 
in accordance with international financial reporting standards 
adopted pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 as it applies 
in the European Union.

The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical 
cost basis. The Company has elected to take exemption under 
section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present the 
Company profit and loss account. The loss for the Company for the 
year was £33.9m (2019: restated loss £9.3m). 

The Company has applied FRS 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure 
Framework’ in the year ended 31 December 2020.  

The following exemptions from the requirements of IFRS have 
been applied in the preparation of the Company’s Financial 
Statements and, where relevant, equivalent disclosures have been 
made in the Group Financial Statements of the ultimate controlling 
party, in accordance with FRS 101: 

•  Presentation of a Statement of Cash Flows and related Notes; 
•  Disclosure of the objectives, policies and processes for  
  managing capital; 
•  Disclosure of key management personnel compensation; 
•  The requirements in IAS 24 (Related Party Disclosures) to  
  disclose related party transactions entered into between two or  
  more members of a group; 
•  Disclosure of the categories of financial instruments and the  
  nature and extent of risks arising on these financial instruments; 
•  The effect of financial instruments on the Statement of  
  Comprehensive Income; 
• 

Information about financial instruments that have been  
reclassified or derecognised, transfers of financial assets, credit  
losses recorded in a separate account, netting arrangements,  
loan defaults or breaches and collateral; 

•  Comparative period reconciliations for the number of shares  
  outstanding;

Adoption of new and revised standards 
From 1 January 2020, the following standards became effective in 
the Group’s consolidated Financial Statements: 
–  Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in  

IFRS Standards; 

–  Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8 – Definition of Material; 
–  Amendments to IFRS 3 – Definition of a Business; 
–  Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 – Interest Rate  
  Benchmark Reform; and 
–  Amendment to IFRS 16 in relation to COVID-19 Related  
  Rent Concessions 

The accounting policies have been applied consistently throughout 
the reporting period. The standards that became applicable for the 
current period did not have any impact on the Group’s accounting 
policies and did not require adjustments. 

The Group has not early adopted other standards, amendments to 
standards or interpretations that have been issued but are not yet 
effective. 

Amendment to IFRS 16 – COVID-19 Related Rent Concessions 
The amendment provides lessees with relief in the form of an 
optional exemption from assessing whether a rent concession 
related to COVID-19, and that meets certain conditions, is a lease 
modification. Lessees can elect to account for qualifying rent 
concessions in the same way as they would if they were not lease 
modifications. In applying the practical expedient, a lessee would 
generally account for a forgiveness or waiver of lease payments as 
a variable lease payment, and recognise the concession in the 
period in which the event or condition that triggers those payments 
occurs. The lessee also makes a corresponding adjustment to the 
lease liability, in effect derecognising the part of the lease liability 
that has been forgiven or waived. On adoption of the amendment, 
the Group has recognised a credit of £0.1m in the consolidated 
income statement.

New and revised IFRSs in issue but not yet effective 
The following standards were in issue but were not yet effective at 
the balance sheet date. These standards have not yet been early 
adopted by the Group, and will be applied for the Group’s financial 
years commencing on or after 1 January 2021: 
–  Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 –  

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2; 

–  Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020; 
–  Amendments to IAS 16 – Property, Plant and Equipment –  
  Proceeds before Intended Use; 
–  Amendments to IAS 37 – Onerous Contracts –  
  Cost of Fulfilling a Contract; 
–  Amendments to IFRS 3 (May 2020) – Reference to the  
  Conceptual Framework; 
–  IFRS 17 – Insurance Contracts; and 
–  Amendments to IAS 1 – Classification of Liabilities as Current or  
  Non-current.

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The Directors do not expect that the adoption of the standards 
listed above will have a material impact on the Financial Statements 
of the Group in future periods.

2. Going concern
The consolidated Financial Statements are prepared on a going 
concern basis.  The Group’s business activities, together with the 
factors likely to affect its future development, performance and 
position are set out in the Strategic Review section of the Annual 
Report & Accounts. In addition, Note 22 to the Annual Report & 
Accounts includes the Group’s objectives, policies and processes 
for managing its capital, its financial risk management objectives, 
details of its financial instruments and its exposures to credit risk 
and liquidity risk. 

The Directors have considered the future prospects and 
performance of the Group and have made an assessment of going 
concern considering the Group’s cash and liquidity position, current 
performance and outlook, which assessed the restrictions put in 
place by the UK Government to control the impact of the 
COVID-19 pandemic, using the information available up to the date 
of issue of these Financial Statements. The details of this 
assessment conducted by the Directors is set out below.

During the lockdown restrictions throughout 2020 and 2021, 
management worked closely with its key OEM Brand Partners, who 
have positively supported the business and are continuing to do so. 
Management has continued to take action to protect the balance 
sheet and cash flow including accepting UK Government support 
measures including the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and 
the Expanded Retail Discount 2020/21 for business rates in 
addition to other self-help measures through a significant cost 
reduction programme, the deferral of capital expenditure, 
identification of property assets available for sale and cessation of 
the FY20 dividend. 

Additionally, management has taken a number of longer term 
actions to protect cash including continued investment in the 
development of the Group’s end-to-end online ordering capability 
through the use of Click & Drive, a comprehensive review of 
working capital management, and changed operational practices 
to de-risk the intra-month cash requirements. 

At the date of approval of the consolidated Financial Statements, 
the UK is returning to some level of normality as lockdown 
restrictions are eased, however the Directors are cautiously 
monitoring the potential impact for future disruption. The UK 
Government is very well progressed in the roll out of the 
vaccination programme which should help the UK manage the 
future impact from the pandemic.

Banking facilities and funding position
As at 31 December 2020 the Group had £238m of committed 
revolving credit facilities due to expire on 31 March 2022. In 
recognition of the trading uncertainty through 2020 the financial 
covenants were renegotiated and included a suspension of the 
interest cover ratio and replacement with EBITDA and Liquidity 
covenants. The Group has satisfied each of those financial 
covenants.

The Group’s revolving credit facilities were successfully 
renegotiated with its existing Banking Club in May 2021, for an 
initial amount of £150m and with an extension to September 
2023. The profitability and cash generation of the Group has 
rebased the size of facility required to support the ongoing working 
capital needs of the Group following the restructuring of operations 
and reduced footprint of the Group and closure of sites in 2020. 
The amended facilities return to more normal covenant tests 
including core leverage, interest cover and EBITDA testing on a 
quarterly basis.

The Group has not made use of any borrowing under the 
COVID-19 Corporate Financing Facility or the Coronavirus Large 
Business Interruption Loan Scheme.

In addition to the revolving credit facility, the Group has stocking 
funding lines which were utilised at £210.0m as at 31 December 
2020 (2019: £337.1m).

Assessment of the Group’s financial position
The Group experienced significant disruption as a result of the 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the details of which are set out 
in the Operating Review on page 18 and the Financial Review on 
page 25.

The Directors have considered the potential impact of ongoing 
measures to manage the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and 
considered the possible medium term-risks on the macro-
economic impact the restrictions could have on the UK economy 
across the period to June 2022. The Directors have also 
considered the potential disruption to supply of new vehicles 
following the worldwide shortage of semiconductor chips. 
Management has modelled a number of adverse scenarios to 
assess the potential impact that COVID-19 and possible stock 
shortages may have on the Group’s operations in addition to the 
scenarios discussed in the Viability Statement. 

The Directors acknowledge that there remains uncertainty 
regarding the timing of a full return to the UK economic activity 
following the easing of restrictions in the UK and the potential for 
some further disruption to the UK economy. The Group has 
demonstrated significant resilience to issues faced during 2020. 

The business has adapted to a new omni-channel operating 
platform and has shown great resilience to the issues faced in 
2020 and 2021. This is underpinned by a strong balance sheet 
which has been reinforced by the renegotiation of the core funding 
facilities. The support received from OEM Brand Partners, the UK 
Government and other key partners has contributed to a strong 
financial position and places the Group in a strong position to 
manage its way through other future potential disruptions.

The conclusion of a trade deal between the UK and the EU has 
created more confidence with supply chains. The impact of Brexit 
has thus far been immaterial and the Directors do not expect it to 
cause any material impact to the supply chain or cause any issues 
with access to skilled labour.

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Principal accounting policies 

To support the assessment of the Group’s ability to continue as a 
going concern, the Directors have modelled a Base Case and three 
downside scenarios as follows.

The Group has equally reacted well to previous COVID-19 
lockdowns as demonstrated by the performance in the four 
months to April 2021, where the Group has consistently 
outperformed the market.

The reverse stress test scenario models a decrease in sales 
volumes and aftersales revenues not factoring in management 
taking any significant mitigating actions. If the Group experienced a 
significant reduction in aftersales or vehicle sales revenue, the 
Board would take a series of actions to protect the business as 
evidenced in 2020.

Based on the findings above, the Directors are confident in the 
scenarios tested that there are no liquidity issues and that any 
potential breaches in financial covenants can reasonably be 
prevented or avoided through mitigating actions, as we have 
demonstrated very well in 2020. 

In view of the various sensitivities and additional stress testing, the 
Board concludes that preparing the accounts on the basis of Going 
Concern is appropriate.

•  A medium-term downside scenario, where further lockdown  
  measures occur in quarter 4 of 2021 followed by a recession in  
the first half of 2022 caused by macro-economic conditions.

•  A medium-term downside scenario, where potential stock  

restrictions are caused by the impact of semiconductor chip 
shortages. This sensitivity reduces volumes of new, used and  
fleet sales from September 2021 to March 2022. This would be  

  partly offset by a reduction in operating costs. Normal trading  
  performance is expected to resume from April 2022. As this  
  potential issue continues to evolve, a second more severe  

sensitivity was run to further test the Group’s resilience. The  
  additional sensitivity reduces volumes of new and fleet volumes  
further and extends the downturn out to June 2022. This is  
  partly offset by an increase in used volumes - though these are  
still below the Base Case - and reflects both slightly stronger 

   gross margins and a modest reduction in operating costs.

•  A reverse stress test scenario, which is designed to breach  
  either liquidity or financial covenants. This scenario is driven  
from Base Case and sensitises a reduction in vehicles sales  
volumes and aftersales revenue only from April 2021. The  
scenario assumes a constant reduction in aftersales revenues  
from April 2021 and various reductions in vehicle volumes at  
increments over the period to June 2022. It does not reflect any  

  mitigating actions which the Board could take.

In each of the scenarios the Directors have assumed that property 
disposals between May 2021 and June 2022 are postponed and 
therefore increase the net debt by the same value. Throughout 
2020 and despite the impact of COVID-19, Management achieved 
several surplus property disposals with a net profit to book value.
Under the base case and medium-term downside scenarios, the 
Group is forecast to comply with the financial covenants set out in 
its funding agreements and operate comfortably within its banking 
facility limits.  The Government has reacted to the impact of 
COVID-19 by initiating demonstrable financial support to the 
macro-economy and implemented a world leading roll out of the 
vaccine. 

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3. Judgements and estimates 

Accounting judgements 
The Financial Statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with International Reporting Standards (IFRS) adopted by the 
European Union and with those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable for companies under IFRS. The Group Financial Statements 
comply with article 4 of EU IAS Regulation.

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Judgement

Effect on Financial Statements 

Recognition and 
measurement of provisions 
and contingencies.

Classification of non-
underlying items

Consideration of whether the Group has a legal 
or constructive obligation arising from a past 
event and the likelihood of such an obligation 
crystallising in an outflow of economic benefit 
requires a significant judgement in the Financial 
Statements.

In this financial year significant judgement was 
made in relation to the release of the “FCA 
provision” recognised in the prior year. The 
provision was recognised for liabilities that may 
have arisen from the FCA’s review of historic 
sales practices and Enforcement Investigation.

In March 2021 the FCA advised the Board that it 
had decided to close its investigation. The FCA 
investigation was closed without applying any 
sanction but noted several concerns relating to 
the historic culture, systems and controls of the 
Group which the Board fully accepted. As a result 
of this outcome the Board concluded that this 
was an adjusting post balance sheet event and 
the £10.4m provision was released.

Judgement required whether transactions are 
outside the course of normal business and 
whether the presentation of exceptional items will 
assist in providing a meaningful comparison of the 
Group’s trading results with previous periods.

The Group has treated the impact of the 
COVID-19 pandemic as being within its 
underlying activities and has therefore not 
disclosed any related revenues or costs as  
non-underlying.

Alternative accounting 
judgement that could 
have been applied 

Effect of that 
alternative accounting 
judgement 

A non-underlying post 
balance sheet event 
with release of the 
£10.4m provision in 
2021.

Liabilities and net 
operating expenses 
would decrease, 
increasing net assets 
and shareholders’ 
funds.

Non-underlying items 
classified within 
underlying results.

Any of the non-
underlying items 
detailed in Note 4 
would be reclassified to 
the underlying result.

In 2019 capitalisation of development expenditure was considered a key accounting judgement. This is no longer considered a key 
accounting judgement due to lower levels of expenditure in the year.

126       |        Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       127

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal accounting policies 

Accounting estimates 
The preparation of Financial Statements in conformity with IFRSs 
requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the 
reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the 
Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and 
expenses during the reporting year. Although these estimates are 
based on management’s best knowledge of the amount, events or 
actions, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates. 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an 
ongoing basis. The estimates and associated assumptions are 

based on historical experience and various other factors that are 
believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Revisions to 
accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the 
estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the 
period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both 
current and future periods. The Directors consider the following to 
be the key estimates applicable to the Financial Statements, which 
have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the 
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial 
year or in the long term: 

Potential impact within 
the next financial year? 

Potential impact in 
the longer term? 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Key estimate area

Key assumption 

Goodwill and 
intangible assets 

Retirement benefit 
obligations

Recognition of 
commercial income

Inventory valuation

We undertake an exercise to estimate future cash flows 
from each CGU when we conduct our annual impairment 
review. We have key assumptions over the growth rates of 
revenue and operating margin which impacts the profit 
assumed and hence cash flow generation in each CGU. 
These key assumptions include our best estimates of the 
impact of COVID-19. The key area for estimation 
uncertainty surrounds the growth rates applied to 
revenue. Numerical disclosure regarding key assumptions 
used are made in Note 10. 

The main assumptions in determining the Group’s 
retirement benefit obligations are: discount rate, mortality 
rate and rate of inflation. Disclosure of these assumptions 
are made within Note 26. Due to the relative sizes of the 
pension schemes it is only considered to be the Lookers 
Pension Plan that could be materially affected by key 
estimates. The key area for estimation uncertainty 
surrounds the discount rate applied of 1.3% (2019: 2.1%). 

The Group is party to a number of commercial 
arrangements with its OEM Brand Partners that result in 
manufacturer bonus credits being earned. The key area for 
estimation uncertainty in relation to these arrangements 
surrounds the interpretation of whether the commercial 
income bonus targets have been met and are therefore 
appropriate to be recognised as income and accruals at 
the balance sheet date. The total amount accrued at the 
balance sheet date amounts to £34.1m (2019: £46.3m) 

The fair value of inventories is reviewed by management 
regularly, applying a mix of standard and judgemental 
provisions to adjust values, where appropriate, down to 
prevailing market values.

The key area for estimation uncertainty is the assessment 
of net realisable value of vehicle inventory, which can 
fluctuate as a result of market factors and the condition of 
vehicles.

The inventory provision as at 31 December 2020 
represents 0.6% of the gross inventory balance  
(2019: 0.7%).

128       |        Financial Statements

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4. Basis of consolidation 
The consolidated Financial Statements comprise the accounts of 
the Company and its subsidiary undertakings. An undertaking is 
regarded as a subsidiary if the Group has control over its operating 
and financial policies. Control is achieved when the Company has 
the power over the investee; is exposed, or has rights, to variable 
returns from its involvement with the investee; and has the ability to 
use its power to affect its returns. The profits and losses of 
subsidiary undertakings are consolidated as from the effective 
date of acquisition or to the effective date of disposal. 

The Group uses the purchase method of accounting to account for 
the acquisition of subsidiaries. The cost of an acquisition is 
measured as the fair value of the assets acquired, equity 
instruments issued, and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date 
of completion, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. 
Identifiable assets acquired, liabilities and contingent liabilities 
assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their 
fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any 
minority interest. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair 
value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is 
recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair 
value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is 
recognised directly in the Income Statement. 

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on 
transactions between Group companies are eliminated. Unrealised 
losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence 
of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of 
acquired subsidiaries are changed where necessary to ensure 
consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. 

5. Foreign currencies  
Items included in the Financial Statements of all Group 
undertakings are measured using that entity’s functional currency, 
which is the currency of the primary economic environment in 
which the entity operates. The consolidated Financial Statements 
are presented in Sterling, which is the Parent Company’s functional 
and presentation currency. 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional 
currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the 
transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the 
settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period-
end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated 
in foreign currencies are recognised in the consolidated income 
statement, except when deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow 
hedges and qualifying net investment hedges.  

The results and financial position of all Group undertakings that 
have a functional currency different from the presentation currency 
are translated into the presentation currency with: (i) assets and 
liabilities for each balance sheet translated at the closing rate at 
the date of that balance sheet; (ii) income and expenses for each 
income statement translated at average exchange rates for the 
period; and (iii) all resulting exchange differences recognised as a 
component of other comprehensive income. In the case of 
subsidiaries acquired during a financial period, the average 
exchange rate takes into account the period of ownership only.  

Exchange differences arising from the translation of the net 
investment in foreign entities, and of borrowings and other 
currency instruments designated as hedges of such investments, 
are recognised in the retained earnings reserve within other 
comprehensive income.  

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a 
foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign 
entity and translated at the closing rate.  

The principal exchange rates applied in the preparation of the 
Financial Statements were as follows:  

GBP:EUR at the end of the year 
GBP:EUR average for the year 

2020 
1.11 
1.13 

2019        
1.18                        
1.14                

6. Revenue 
Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a 
contract with a customer. Amounts collected on behalf of third 
parties are excluded. Revenue is recognised by the Group when it 
transfers control over a product or service to a customer. 

Revenue is measured at invoice price, excluding value added taxes, 
and principally comprises external vehicle sales, parts, servicing 
and bodyshop sales. Vehicle and parts sales are recognised when 
control over the vehicles or parts have been transferred to the 
customer. This is generally at the time of delivery to the customer. 
Service and bodyshop sales are recognised when the work has 
been completed.

Revenue also comprises commissions receivable for arranging 
vehicle financing and related insurance products. Commissions are 
based on agreed rates and income is recognised at the time of 
approval of the vehicle finance by the finance provider. 

Where the Group is acting as agent on behalf of a principal,  
(eg assigning finance), the commission earned is also recorded at 
an agreed rate when the transaction has occurred. The income 
received in respect of warranty policies sold and administered by 
the Group is recognised over the period of the policy on a straight-
line basis. 

In terms of its leasing operations the Group makes an assessment 
whether substantially all risks and rewards incidental to ownership 
of the underlying asset are transferred on the commencement of 
the lease. Where substantially all risks and rewards are transferred 
the lease is classified as a finance leases, otherwise the lease is 
classified as an operating lease.

Under finance lease arrangements all revenues are recognised at 
the point risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. Under 
operating lease arrangements the initial amounts received in 
consideration are held as deferred income and the remaining 
deferred revenue, which effectively represents rentals received in 
advance, is taken to the income statement on a straight-line basis 
over the related lease term.

All Company income is from recharges within the Group. 

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       129

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal accounting policies 

7. Commercial income 
Commercial income, including manufacturer bonuses, is credited to 
cost of sales. Volume related and vehicle specific rebates from 
suppliers are credited to the carrying value of inventory to which 
they relate. Once the inventory is sold, the rebate amount is then 
recognised in the income statement. 

11. Dividends 
Final dividends proposed by the Board and unpaid at the end of 
the year are not recognised in the Financial Statements until they 
have been approved by the shareholders at the Annual General 
Meeting. Interim dividends are recognised when they are paid. 

8. Non-underlying items 
In preparing the Financial Statements the Board has taken the view 
to present the statutory statement of total comprehensive income 
incorporating the disclosure of underlying and non-underlying 
items separately. Non-underlying items are presented separately in 
the statement of total comprehensive income and have been 
defined by the Board as: Relating to costs or incomes which are 
not incurred in the normal course of business or due to their size, 
nature and irregularity, and are not included in the assessment of 
financial performance in order to reflect management’s view of the 
core-trading performance of the Group. 

9. Finance costs 
Finance cost comprises interest payable on borrowings, 
consignment, repurchase liabilities, stocking loans, lease liabilities, 
interest on pension scheme obligations and debt issue costs. 
Interest income is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of 
Total Comprehensive Income as it accrues using the effective 
interest method. 

10. Taxation 
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable 
and deferred tax. The tax currently payable is based on taxable 
profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported 
in the Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive Income 
because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or 
deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are 
never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is 
calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively 
enacted by the balance sheet date. 

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on taxable 
temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and 
liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated Financial 
Statements. However, if the deferred tax arises from initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a 
business combination that at the time of the transaction affects 
neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss, it is not accounted for. 
Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have 
been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date 
and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is 
realised, or the deferred tax liability is settled. Deferred tax assets 
are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable 
profit will be available against which the temporary differences can 
be utilised. Deferred tax is not provided on temporary differences 
arising on investments in subsidiaries, as the Group controls the 
timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable 
that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable 
future. 

12. Segmental reporting 
A business segment is a component that engages in business 
activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; 
whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity’s chief 
operating decision maker (the Board of Directors) to make 
decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and 
assess its performance; and for which discrete financial 
information is available.  The Group has only one reportable 
segment.

13. Goodwill and impairment 
All business combinations are accounted for by applying the 
purchase method. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an 
acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the net 
identifiable assets of the acquired entity at the date of the 
acquisition. Goodwill is allocated to cash generating units (CGUs), 
which are franchise groups and other business units. 

An impairment test is performed annually as detailed below. 
Goodwill and intangible licences are then held in the balance sheet 
at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. 

For the purposes of impairment testing of goodwill, indefinite life 
intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and right of use 
assets are allocated to their respective cash generating units 
based on their manufacturer profile and the Directors assess the 
value in use for each cash generating unit. Value in use is 
calculated by applying the Board approved budget/forecast and 
applying a suitable cost of capital to discount cash flows to 
perpetuity.

14. Intangible assets 
IT development assets are stated at cost less accumulated 
amortisation and any impairment losses. Any subsequent 
expenditure on capitalised intangible assets is capitalised only 
when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the 
specific asset to which it relates. This category of asset includes 
purchased computer software licences, computer software and 
internally generated intangible assets. These assets are amortised 
by equal instalments over the specific software licence period 
(typically 12 months) or over their useful economic life (typically up 
to five years) as appropriate. All amortisation charges are made 
within net operating expenses. 

Internally generated intangible assets relate to activities that 
involve the development of computer systems designed to 
enhance the selling process so to achieve increased orders for 
both vehicles and aftersales work. Expenditure arising from the 
Group’s development is recognised only if all of the following 
conditions are met: 

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It is probable that the asset created will generate future  

•  An asset is created that can be separately identified; 
• 
  economic benefits; 
•  The development cost of the asset can be measured reliably; 
•  The Group has the intention to complete the asset and the  
  ability and intention to use or sell it; 
•  The product or process is technically and commercially feasible;  
  and 
•  Sufficient resources are available to complete the development  
  and to either sell or use the asset. 

Where these criteria have not been achieved, development 
expenditure is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Total 
Comprehensive Income in the year in which it is incurred. 

Intangible licences relate to the values ascribed following the 
advice of third-party consultants to franchise operating licences in 
connection with historic business combinations. The Directors have 
considered that as a result of the high barriers to entry in the 
marketplace and the historic length of the respective franchise 
operating licences that these assets have no foreseeable limit to 
the period over which they are expected to generate net cash 
inflows and as such have been classified as having an indefinite 
useful economic life. 

As intangible licenses have an indefinite useful economic life, they 
are subjected to the Group’s annual impairment review as detailed 
in the Goodwill and impairment policy.

15. Property, plant and equipment 
Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation is provided to write 
off the cost less the estimated residual value of other assets by 
equal instalments over their estimated useful economic lives. On 
transition to IFRS as at 1 January 2004, all land and buildings were 
restated to fair value as permitted by IFRS 1, which is then treated 
as the deemed cost. All other assets are initially measured at cost. 

Freehold buildings and long leasehold properties are depreciated 
over 50 years on a straight-line basis to their estimated residual 
values. Short leasehold properties are amortised by equal 
instalments over the periods of the respective leases. 

Other property, plant and equipment disclosed in Note 12 includes 
plant and machinery, motor vehicles, fixtures, fittings, tools and 
equipment (including computer equipment and terminals) and 
assets in the course of construction. These assets (excluding 
assets in the course of construction) are depreciated on a straight-
line basis at rates varying between 10% and 33% per annum over 
their estimated useful lives. Assets in the course of construction are 
initially measured at cost and are depreciated when they are 
brought into economic use.   

The residual value of all assets, depreciation methods and useful 
economic lives, if significant, are reassessed annually. The 
depreciation charge in respect of property, plant and equipment is 
recognised within net operating expenses within the income 
statement. 

Motor vehicles hired to customers under rental agreements over 
one year are included within property, plant and equipment. These 
vehicles are depreciated to their residual value over the period of 
their lease.  Vehicle residual values are based on the industry 
standard CAP values and are regularly reviewed. 

All costs in relation to the maintenance of property, plant and 
equipment are recognised in the income statement as an expense 
as incurred. 

16. Leases 
(a) As a lessee  
The Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at 
inception of a contract. The Group recognises a right-of-use asset 
and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease 
agreements in which it is the lessee, except for short-term leases 
(defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months or less) and 
leases of low value assets. For these leases, the Group recognises 
the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line 
basis over the term of the lease unless another systematic basis is 
more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits 
from the leased asset are consumed. The lease liability is initially 
measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not 
paid at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate 
implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the 
Group uses its incremental borrowing rate.  The weighted average 
incremental borrowing rate applied to lease liabilities is 4.2% 
(2019: 4.5%). 

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability 
comprise: 

•  Fixed lease payments (including in-substance fixed payments),  

less any lease incentives; 

•  Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, initially  
  measured using the index or rate at the commencement date; 
•  The amount expected to be payable by the lessee under  

residual value guarantees; 

•  The exercise price of purchase options, if the  lessee is  

reasonably certain to exercise the options;  

•  And payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease 
term reflects the exercise of an option to terminate the lease. 

The lease liability is presented as a separate line in the Statement 
of Financial Position. The lease liability is subsequently measured 
by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease 
liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the 
carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made. Payments of 
lease liabilities are disclosed within financing activities and the 
associated interest cost is disclosed within operating activities 
within the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. 

130       |        Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       131

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal accounting policies 

The Group remeasures the lease liability (and makes a 
corresponding adjustment to the related right-of-use asset) 
whenever: 
•  The lease term has changed or there is a change in the  
  assessment of exercise of a purchase option, in which case the  
lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease  

  payments using a revised discount rate; 
•  The lease payments change due to changes in an index or rate  
  or a change in expected payment under a guaranteed residual   

value, in which cases the lease liability is remeasured by  
  discounting the revised lease payments using the initial  
  discount rate (unless the lease payments change is due to a  
  change in a floating interest rate, in which case a revised  
  discount rate is used); 
•  A lease contract is modified, and the lease modification is not  
  accounted for as a separate lease, in which case the lease  
liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease 

  payments using a revised discount rate. 

Liabilities associated with the financing of these vehicles are 
recorded as vehicle rental finance liabilities in either current or non-
current liabilities. Once the vehicle is no longer utilised for rentals it 
is transferred to inventory at its carrying amount and becomes 
available for sale as part of the Group’s ordinary course of business.

Income from operating leases is recognised on a straightline basis 
over the period of the rental agreement.

On the commencement of finance lease arrangements a finance 
lease receivable is recognised equal to the net investment in the 
lease, whilst the underlying leased asset is derecognised from the 
Group’s balance sheet. Rentals received over the lease term 
reduce the finance lease receivable.

17. Investments in subsidiaries 
Investments in subsidiaries held on the statement of financial 
position are stated at cost less provision for impairment. 

In accordance with the amendment to IFRS 16 COVID-19 Related 
Rent Concession the Group took the optional exemption from 
assessing whether a rent concession related to COVID-19, and that 
meets certain conditions, is a lease modification. In applying the 
practical expedient, adjustments to the lease liabilities have been 
made to derecognise the part of the liability that has been forgiven 
or waived in the period.

18. Impairment of assets 
At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of 
its non-financial assets (other than inventories, contract assets and 
deferred tax assets) to determine whether there is any indication of 
impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s 
recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill and intangible assets 
with indefinite lives are tested annually for impairment.  

The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the 
corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before the 
commencement day and any initial direct costs. They are 
subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and 
impairment losses. 

Whenever the Group incurs an obligation for costs to dismantle and 
remove a leased asset, restore the site on which it is located or 
restore the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms 
and conditions of the lease, a provision is recognised and measured 
under IAS 37. The costs are included in the related right-of-use asset, 
unless those costs are incurred to produce inventories.  

Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of 
lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. If a lease 
transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-
of-use asset reflects that the Group expects to exercise a purchase 
option, the related right-of-use asset is depreciated over the useful 
life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts at the 
commencement date of the lease. The right-of-use assets are 
presented as a separate line in the Statement of Financial Position. 
The Group applies IAS 36 Impairment of Assets to determine 
whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for any 
identified impairment loss. 

(b) As a lessor
The Group operates a number of vehicle leasing businesses in 
which it acts as a lessor either under finance or operating leases. 
Vehicles leased under operating leases greater than one year are 
classified as property, plant and equipment and depreciated to 
their residual values over the course of the lease agreement. 

For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the 
smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from 
continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of 
other assets or CGUs. Goodwill arising from a business 
combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are 
expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.  

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its 
value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based 
on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present 
value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market 
assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to 
the asset or CGU. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount 
by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable 
amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair 
value less disposal costs, and value in use. 

Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income. They are allocated first to reduce the 
carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to 
reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a 
pro rata basis. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not 
reversed. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to 
the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the 
carrying amount that would have been determined, net of 
depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been 
recognised.  

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19. Inventories 
Motor vehicle inventories are stated at the lower of net purchase 
price and net realisable value. A review of the net realisable values 
of inventories is conducted on a regular basis and values are 
adjusted to prevailing market value. The market value is assessed 
with reference to external benchmarking publications and applying 
historical industry knowledge on the pricing of those vehicles by 
reference to make and specific models. We also ensure inventories 
that exist at the year-end are valued correctly by sampling against 
further post year-end actual sales data. Whilst this data is deemed 
representative of current values it is possible that ultimate sales 
values can vary from those applied. 

Parts inventories are valued on a first-in, first-out basis and are 
written down to net realisable value by providing for obsolescence 
on a time in stock based formula approach. 

Consignment vehicle inventories are regarded as being effectively 
under the control of the Group and are included within inventories 
on the balance sheet as the Group has the ability to direct the use 
of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the 
asset. Control includes the ability to prevent other entities from 
directing the use of, and obtaining the benefits from, an asset even 
though legal title has not yet passed. The corresponding liability is 
included in trade payables. 

Motor vehicles are transferred from contract hire activities at the 
end of their lease term to inventory at their book value. No cash 
flow arises from these transfers. 

20. Rental fleet vehicles 
Motor vehicles purchased by the Group and hired to customers 
under short term operating leases are included within current 
assets and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the course of 
the rental agreement to their estimated residual value on 
termination of that agreement. Income from such rentals is 
recognised on a straight- line basis over the period of the rental 
agreement. Motor vehicles hired to customers over longer-term 
rental agreements are capitalised within other property, plant and 
equipment. 

21. Vehicle financing  
Stocking loans are finance arrangements to fund new and used 
vehicles before sale with repayment periods set by the finance 
house.

Consignment vehicle creditors are recorded for any vehicles 
recognised as consignment vehicle inventory.

Repurchase commitment liabilities are recognised when the Group 
enters into repurchase commitments as part of the operation its 
Company staff car schemes.

Liabilities are disclosed as vehicle rental finance liabilities if they 
are incurred by the Group’s leasing operations in order to procure 
vehicles.

22. Pensions 
The Group operates the “Lookers Pension Plan”, the “Dutton 
Forshaw Group Pension Plan” and the “Benfield Group Pension 
Plan” which are defined benefit pension schemes providing 
benefits based on final pensionable salary. The defined benefit 
schemes define the amount of pension benefit that an employee 
will receive on retirement, dependent on one or more factors 
including age, years of service and salary. All schemes are closed to 
new members and to future accrual. The last triennial valuation of 
the “Lookers Pension Plan” was carried out at 31 March 2019 by 
Aon Hewitt Limited and has been updated to 31 December 2020 
by a qualified independent actuary. The last triennial valuation of 
the “Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan” was carried out at 31 
March 2016 by Aon Hewitt Limited and has been updated to 31 
December 2020 by a qualified independent actuary. The last 
triennial valuation of the Benfield Group Pension Plan was carried 
out at 31 March 2019 by Deloitte Total Reward and Benefits 
Limited and has been updated to 31 December 2020 by a 
qualified independent actuary. 

Under IAS 19 (Revised), the defined benefit deficits are included 
on the Group’s balance sheet. Liabilities are calculated based on 
the current yields on high quality corporate bonds and on market 
conditions. Surpluses are only included to the extent that they are 
recoverable through reduced contributions in the future or through 
refunds from the schemes. 

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments 
and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited, net 
of deferred tax, each year to reserves and shown in the Statement 
of Comprehensive Income. Interest expense or income is 
calculated on the net defined benefit liability or asset respectively 
by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or 
asset. 

The Group also provides pension arrangements for employees and 
certain Directors under defined contribution schemes. 
Contributions for these schemes are charged to the Statement of 
Consolidated Income in the year in which they are payable. 

23. Share based payments 
The Group issues equity-settled options to certain employees. 

These are measured at fair value (excluding the effect of non-
market-based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair 
value determined at the grant date of the options is expensed on a 
straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s 
estimate of shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for the 
effect of non-market-based vesting conditions. 

Fair value is measured by use of a Black Scholes model. The 
expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on 
management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, 
exercise restrictions, and behavioural considerations. 

132       |        Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       133

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
i

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n
a
n
c
a

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l

S
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s

Equity instruments 
Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at fair 
value on initial recognition net of transaction costs. 

25. Share capital and reserves
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. All ordinary shares rank 
equally and have the same rights attached. Incremental costs 
directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in share 
premium as a deduction from the proceeds. 

Premium recognised on allocation of shares is recorded within the 
share premium account and is not available for distribution. 

The capital redemption reserve has arisen following the purchase 
by the Group of its own shares and comprises the amount by which 
distributable profits were reduced by these transactions in 
accordance with S733 of the Companies Act 2006.

26. Assets held for sale 
Non-current assets are classified as held for sale when their 
carrying amount is to be recovered principally through a sale 
transaction rather than continuing use. In order to be classified as 
held for sale, the asset must be available for immediate sale in its 
present condition subject only to terms that are usual and 
customary, and the sale must be highly probable. Non-current 
assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount 
and fair value less cost to sell.  

27. Government grants
Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable 
assurance that the grant will be received and all attached 
conditions will be complied with. The grant is recognised as income 
on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for 
which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. The grant 
income is included within either cost of sales or net operating 
expenses depending on where the related costs are accounted for. 
All grants relate to expense items.

Principal accounting policies 

24. Financial instruments 
Recognition of financial instruments 
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the 
Group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the 
instrument. 

amount of the financial asset net of any loss allowance. If a 
financial asset is no longer credit-impaired due to an improvement 
in credit risk that objectively relates to a subsequent event, the 
‘effective interest rate’ reverts to being applied to the carrying 
amount before any loss allowance. 

Initial and subsequent measurement of financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and 
other short-term deposits held by the Group with maturities of less 
than three months. In common with sector practice, vehicle 
stocking loans are included within trade creditors rather than cash 
and cash equivalents. In the consolidated statement of cash flows, 
cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and cash equivalents, as 
defined above, net of bank overdrafts.

Trade, Group and other receivables 
Trade receivables, Group and other receivables are initially 
measured at their transaction price. Trade receivables and other 
receivables are held to collect the contractual cash flows which are 
solely payments of principal and interest. Therefore, these 
receivables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using 
the effective interest rate method. Group receivables have no credit 
terms.

Where the Group enters into vehicle purchase agreements with 
suppliers a repurchase debtor is recognised should the supplier 
have a contractual commitment to repurchase the vehicle. The 
repurchase debtor is initially recorded at the committed repurchase 
value. Repurchase debtors are due within 1 year.

Impairment of financial assets 
A provision for impairment is established on an expected credit 
loss model under IFRS9. The amount of the provision is the 
difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the expected 
value of the amounts recovered.

The probability of default and expected amounts recoverable are 
assessed using reasonable and supportable past and forward-
looking information that is available without undue cost or effort. 
The expected credit loss is a probability- weighted amount 
determined from a range of outcomes (including assessments 
made using forward looking information) and takes into account 
the time value of money. Credit losses are measured on a collective 
basis and all instalments have been grouped based on their similar 
collective characteristics. Some financial assets which have been 
written off because there is no reasonable expectation of recovery 
(e.g. where the counterparty enters formal administration 
proceedings) or are subject to enforcement activity. For trade 
receivables including Group receivables, expected credit losses are 
measured by applying an expected loss rate to the gross carrying 
amount. The expected loss rate comprises the risk of a default 
occurring and the expected cash flows on default based on the 
aging of the receivable. The risk of a default occurring always takes 
into consideration all possible default events over the expected life 
of those receivables (“the lifetime expected credit losses”). 

Amortised cost is the amount initially recognised less repayments 
of principal, plus or minus the ‘effective interest’ which amortises 
any difference between the amount initially recognised and the 
maturity amount over the expected life of the instrument.

Expected credit losses are considered over the maximum 
contractual period during which the entity is exposed to credit risk 
by extrapolating expectations beyond periods covered by 
reasonable and supportable forecasts. 

Bank loans
Bank loans are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction 
costs incurred, and are subsequently stated at amortised cost. Any 
difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the 
redemption value is recognised in the consolidated income 
statement over the period of the borrowings, using the effective 
interest method.

Effective interest rate method 
The ‘effective interest’ is calculated using the rate that exactly 
discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts (considering 
all contractual terms) through the expected life of the financial 
asset or financial liability to its carrying amount before any loss 
allowance. 

For trade receivables, differences between the contractual and 
expected cash flows are discounted at the original effective 
interest rate used in the amortised cost measurement. 
 Impairment losses and subsequent reversals of impairment losses 
are adjusted against the carrying amount of the receivable and 
recognised in profit or loss. 

Financial liabilities and equity 
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according 
to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An 
equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest 
in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities. 

Initial and subsequent measurement of financial liabilities  

The ‘effective interest rate’ is applied to the carrying amount of a 
financial asset before any loss allowance, unless the financial 
assets becomes credit-impaired, (i.e. an event has occurred which 
has a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows), in 
which case the ‘effective interest rate’ is applied to the carrying 

Trade, Group and other payables 
Trade, Group and other payables (which include repurchase 
commitments, stocking loans and consignment creditors) are 
initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs and 
subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

134       |        Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       135

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Total Consolidated Comprehensive Income 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019

Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position 
As at 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2020

i

F
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l

Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
Net operating expenses 
Operating profit/(loss) 

  Underlying operating profit 
  Non-underlying items 

Finance costs 
Profit/(loss) before taxation 

  Underlying profit before taxation 
  Non-underlying items 

Tax (charge)/credit 

Loss for the year (attributable to shareholders of the Company) 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operation  
(may be recycled to profit and loss)** 
Actuarial (losses)/gains on pension scheme obligations (not recycled to profit and loss) 
Deferred tax on pension scheme obligations (not recycled to profit and loss) 
Total other comprehensive (expense)/income for the year 

Note 

2 

4 

6 
3 

4 

7 

26 
7 

2020 
£m 
3,699.9 
(3,288.9) 
411.0 
(380.1) 
30.9  

(Restated)* 
2019 
£m
4,806.5
(4,293.4)
513.1
(525.9)
(12.8)

43.0 
(12.1) 

(28.9) 
2.0 

14.1 
(12.1) 

(6.1) 

(4.1) 

0.3 
(32.5) 
7.3  
(24.9) 

36.9
(49.7)

(32.9)
(45.7)

4.0
(49.7)

3.9 

(41.8)

(0.4)
7.1 
(1.2)
5.5

Total comprehensive expense for the year (attributable to shareholders of the Company) 

(29.0) 

(36.3)

Loss per share: 
Basic loss per share (p) 
Diluted loss per share (p)*** 

*See Note 1 for details.

9 
9 

(1.05) 
(1.05) 

(10.74)
(10.74)

**In the year ended 31 December 2019 the exchange difference loss of £0.4m was incorrectly disclosed directly in equity.

***In the years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 the basic and diluted earnings per share are equal as a result of 
the Group incurring a loss for the year. 

S
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s

Non-current assets
Goodwill 
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Right of use assets 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Deferred tax assets 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Current tax receivable 
Rental fleet vehicles 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Assets held for sale 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Bank loans and overdrafts 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Current tax payable 

Note 

10 
11 
12 
13 
15 
23 

16 
17 

18 
19 
14 

22 
20 
22 

Group  
2020 
£m 

79.3 
110.8 
399.9 
117.6 
- 
- 
707.6 

655.2 
124.6 
1.1 
30.1 
243.0 
13.0 
1,067.0 

(Restated)* 
2019 
£m 

(Restated)* 
2018 
£m 

Company 
2020 
£m 

(Restated)*  (Restated)* 
2018 
£m

2019 
£m 

81.9 
114.2 
429.2 
119.0 
- 
- 
744.3 

111.7 
113.4 
416.8 
110.6 
- 
- 
752.5 

 956.5  
 168.3  
 9.8  
32.0 
150.3 
10.0 

 972.9  
 182.6  
 -    
32.9 
152.8 
8.0 
1,326.9  1,349.2 

- 
11.1 
0.7 
0.8 
126.8 
14.2 
153.6 

- 
327.4 
3.4 
- 
0.1 
- 
330.9 

- 
13.5 
0.8 
1.1 
126.8 
9.5 
151.7 

- 
356.1 
11.7 
- 
17.4 
- 
385.2 

-
12.0
0.9
1.2
126.8
12.2
153.1

-
399.3
8.8
-
19.2
-
427.3

1,774.6 

2,071.2 

2,101.7 

484.5 

536.9 

580.4

116.9 
911.8 
19.1 
- 

1,047.8 

119.4 
 1,261.5  
20.1 
- 

110.0 
 1,220.4  
19.8 
3.3 
1,401.0  1,353.5 

36.5 
61.1 
0.5 
- 
98.1 

40.6 
149.2 
0.7 
- 
190.5 

25.9
139.1
0.6
-
165.6

Net current assets/(liabilities) 

19.2  

(74.1) 

(4.3) 

232.8 

194.7 

261.7

Non-current liabilities 
Bank loans 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Provisions 
Pension scheme obligations 
Deferred tax liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Shareholders’ equity 
Ordinary share capital 
Share premium 
Capital redemption reserve 
Retained earnings 
Total  equity 

*See Note 1 for details.

22 
20 
22 
21 
26 
23 

24 

166.8 
39.8 
125.3 
- 
79.3 
33.2 
444.4 

90.4 
42.3 
126.8 
10.4 
55.7 
34.0 
359.6 

128.7 
39.3 
117.0 
 -    
68.9 
33.0 
386.9 

158.4 
- 
0.4 
- 
77.0 
- 
235.8 

81.4 
- 
0.4 
- 
56.6 
- 
138.4 

118.7
-
0.6
-
69.4
-
188.7

1,492.2 

1,760.6 

1,740.4 

333.9 

328.9 

354.3

282.4 

310.6 

361.3 

150.6 

208.0 

226.1

19.5 
78.4 
15.1 
169.4 
282.4 

19.5 
78.4 
15.1 
197.6 
310.6 

19.4 
78.4 
15.1 
248.4 
361.3 

19.5 
78.4 
15.1 
37.6 
150.6 

19.5 
78.4 
15.1 
95.0 
208.0 

19.4
78.4
15.1
113.2
226.1

The loss after tax for the Company was £33.9m (2019: restated loss of £9.3m). The Financial Statements of Lookers plc,  
registered no. 111876 were approved by the Directors on 30 June 2021. 

Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors 

Mark Raban 
Director

136       |        Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       137

 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  
As at 1 January 2019, 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2020

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019

i

F
n
a
n
c
a

i

l

Year ended 31 December 2019 
As at 1 January 2019 
Correction of errors* 
As at 1 January 2019 (restated) 
Loss for the year (restated)* 
Total other comprehensive income for the year 
Total comprehensive expense for the  
year (restated) 
New shares issued 
Share based compensation 
Dividends paid 
As at 31 December 2019 

Year ended 31 December 2020 
As at 1 January 2020 
Loss for the year 
Total other comprehensive expense for the year 
Total comprehensive expense for the year 
Share based compensation 
As at 31 December 2020 

Note 

24 
25 
8 

25 

Share 
capital 
£m 
19.4 
- 
19.4 
- 
- 

- 
0.1  
- 
- 
19.5 

19.5 
- 
- 
- 
- 
19.5 

Share 
premium 
£m 
78.4 
- 
78.4 
- 
- 

Capital 
redemption 
reserve 
£m 
15.1 
- 
15.1 
- 
- 

- 
-  
- 
- 
78.4 

78.4 
- 
- 
- 
- 
78.4 

- 
- 
- 
- 
15.1 

15.1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
15.1 

Retained 
earnings 
£m 
249.0 
(0.6) 
248.4 
(41.8) 
5.5 

(36.3) 
- 
1.4 
(15.9) 
197.6 

197.6 
(4.1) 
(24.9) 
(29.0) 
0.8 
169.4 

Total 
equity 
£m
361.9
(0.6)
361.3
(41.8)
5.5 

(36.3)
0.1 
1.4 
(15.9)
310.6

310.6
(4.1) 
(24.9) 
(29.0)
0.8 
282.4

*Opening reserves as at 1 January 2019 have been restated by £0.6m and the loss for the year ended 31 December 2019 has 
been restated by £0.2m, a result of corrections to lease accounting entries in one of the Group’s subsidiaries, and adjustments in 
relation to the Group’s adoption of IFRS 16. See Note 1.

Retained earnings include £16.5m (2019: £16.5m) of non-distributable reserves relating to properties which had been revalued 
under UK GAAP, but treated as deemed cost under IFRS.

Company Statement of Changes in Equity 
As at 1 January 2019, 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2020

Year ended 31 December 2019 
As at 1 January 2019 
Correction of errors* 
As at 1 January 2019 (restated) 
Loss for the year (restated)* 
Total other comprehensive income for the year 
Total comprehensive expense  
for the year (restated)* 
New shares issued 
Share based compensation 
Dividends paid 
As at 31 December 2019 (restated)* 

Year ended 31 December 2020 
As at 1 January 2020 
Loss for the year 
Total other comprehensive expense  
for the year 
Total comprehensive expense for the year 
Share based compensation 
As at 31 December 2020 

Note 

24 
25 
8 

25 

Share 
capital 
£m 
19.4 
- 
19.4  
- 
- 

- 
0.1  
- 
- 
19.5 

19.5 
- 

- 
- 
- 
19.5 

Share 
premium 
£m 
78.4 
- 
78.4  
- 
- 

Capital 
redemption 
reserve 
£m 
15.1 
- 
15.1  
- 
- 

- 
-  
- 
- 
78.4 

78.4 
- 

- 
- 
- 
78.4 

-  
- 
- 
- 
15.1 

15.1 
- 

- 
-  
- 
15.1 

Retained 
earnings 
£m 
123.9  
(10.7) 
113.2  
(9.3) 
5.6 

(3.7) 
- 
1.4  
(15.9) 
95.0 

95.0 
(33.9) 

(24.3) 
(58.2) 
0.8  
37.6 

Total 
equity 
£m
236.8 
(10.7)
226.1 
(9.3)
5.6 

(3.7)
0.1
1.4 
(15.9)
208.0

208.0
(33.9)

(24.3)
(58.2)
0.8 
150.6

Cash flows from operating activities 
(Loss) for the year 
Tax charge/(credit) 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment, rental fleet and right of use assets 
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Gain on lease surrenders 
Gain on disposal of right of use asset associated with rental fleet vehicles 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Share based compensation 
Impairment of property, plant and equipment 
Impairment of right of use assets 
Impairment of intangible assets (underlying) 
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets (non-underlying) 
Finance costs excluding pension related finance costs and debt issue costs 
Debt issue costs 
Difference between pension charge and cash contributions 
Purchase of rental fleet vehicles 
Purchase of right of use assets associated with rental fleet vehicles 
Purchase of vehicles for long term leasing 
Changes in provisions 
Changes in inventories 
Changes in receivables 
Changes in payables 
Cash generated from operations 
Finance costs paid 
Finance costs paid - finance leases 
Tax refunded/(paid) 
Net cash inflow from operating activities 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Purchase of intangibles 
Finance lease rentals collected 
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares 
Receipt of funding advanced for vehicle leasing arrangements 
Repayment of funding advanced for vehicle leasing arrangements 
Repayment of loans 
Draw down on RCF 
Repayment on RCF 
Repayment of lease liabilities 
Receipt of lease incentives 
Dividends paid 
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities 
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

Analysis of cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Bank overdraft 
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

Note  

3 
3, 4 
13 
3 
3 
25 
12, 14 
4 
3 
4 
6 
6 

21 

22 
22 
22 
22 
22 
8 

19 

2020 
£m 

(4.1) 
6.1  
51.2  
(3.1) 
(1.2)  
(1.9) 
4.8  
0.8  
5.0  
0.4  
-  
3.6  
27.3  
0.5  
(8.9) 
(21.8) 
(1.9) 
(27.8) 
(10.4)  
355.1 
43.4 
(359.8) 
57.3 
(21.2) 
(6.1) 
7.8  
37.8 

(13.8) 
(3.0) 
4.0 
18.0 
5.2 

-  
74.8 
(84.1) 
(0.6) 
150.0  
(72.0) 
(15.3) 
-  
-  
52.8  
95.8  
31.4 
127.2  

243.0  
(115.8) 
127.2 

S
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s

(Restated)* 
2019 
£m

(41.8)
(3.9)
52.3 
(4.9)
(0.4)
(3.3)
6.1 
1.4 
4.3 
1.8 
0.4 
30.4 
30.6 
0.4 
(6.1)
(17.4)
(3.3)
(35.5)
10.4 
57.4
14.7 
25.3 
118.9
(24.3)
(6.3)
(9.3)
79.0

(45.8)
(7.9)
6.2
17.6 
(29.9)

0.1 
76.5 
(69.0)
(1.4)
186.9 
(224.2)
(16.2)
1.2 
(15.9)
(62.0)
(12.9)
44.3 
31.4 

150.3 
(118.9)
31.4 

*Opening reserves at 1 January 2019 have been restated by £10.7m and loss for the year ended 31 December 2019 has been 
restated by £2.2m in relation to unlawful dividends. See Note 1d.  

*See Note 1 for details.

138       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       139

 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

1a Statement of Total Consolidated Comprehensive Income (restated)
For the year ended 31 December 2019

Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
Net operating expenses 
Operating loss 

  Underlying operating profit 
  Non-underlying items 

Finance costs 
Loss before taxation 

  Underlying profit before taxation 
  Non-underlying items 

Tax credit 

Loss for the year (attributable to shareholders of the Company) 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operation  
(may be recycled to profit and loss) 
Actuarial losses on pension scheme obligations 
Deferred tax on pension scheme obligations 
Total other comprehensive income for the year 

  As previously 
reported 
  31 December 
2019 
£m 
4,787.2  
(4,274.1) 
513.1  
(526.3) 
(13.2) 

(Restated)  
Correction of  31 December  
2019 
£m
4,806.5
(4,293.4)
513.1 
(525.9)
(12.8) 

errors 
£m 
19.3 
(19.3) 
- 
0.4  
0.4  

36.5  
(49.7) 

(32.3) 
(45.5) 

4.2  
(49.7) 

3.9  

(41.6) 

(0.4) 
7.1  
(1.2) 
5.5  

0.4  
- 

(0.6) 
(0.2) 

(0.2) 
- 

- 

(0.2) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

36.9
(49.7)

(32.9)
(45.7)

4.0 
(49.7)

3.9 

(41.8)

(0.4)
7.1 
(1.2)
5.5 

Total comprehensive expense for the year (attributable to shareholders of the Company) 

(36.1) 

(0.2) 

(36.3)

(Loss) per share: 
Basic (loss) per share (p) 
Diluted (loss) per share (p) 

(10.69) 
(10.69) 

(0.05) 
(0.05) 

(10.74)
(10.74)

In preparing the IFRS16 adjustments for the year ended 31 December 2020 the Directors identified errors in the underlying calculations. These 
errors originated at the point of initial adoption for the leases in question, so adjustments to the statement of financial position at 1 January 
2019 were required to increase the amounts recorded within right of use assets by £7.3m, to increase total lease liabilities by £8.4m and to 
decrease retained earnings by £1.1m. Adjustments to the statement of financial position at 31 December 2019 were required to increase the 
amounts recorded within right of use assets by £11.3m, to increase total lease liabilities by £12.8m and to decrease retained earnings by £1.5m. 
The impact of these adjustments has been to increase the loss for the year ended 31 December 2019 by £0.4m, being the net impact of a 
£0.6m increase in finance costs and £0.2m reduction in net operating expenses. The adjustments had no overall impact on cashflows, however 
cash inflows from operating activities increased by £0.6m and cash outflows from financing activities decreased by £0.6m.

In addition, as part of our year end procedures, we identified that certain balances and transactions in the Group’s Get Motoring UK Limited 
subsidiary had been incorrectly treated in respect of IFRS 16. Rental fleet vehicles acquired via sale and repurchase agreements had 
incorrectly been recognised as owned assets within current assets. As the Group has the right to control the vehicles only for a period of time 
the transactions should have been treated as leases. In addition, adjustments have been recorded to change the treatment of the subsequent 
rental of these vehicles, in which the Group acts as lessor, from operating leases to finance leases as these sub-leases are for substantially 
the entire period of the lead leases. The combined impact of these adjustments to the statement of financial position at 1 January 2019 is 
an increase to trade and other receivables of £21.8m (being the recognition of a repurchase debtor at the contractual repurchase amount 
(£20.8m) and finance lease receivable (£1.0m)), a reduction in rental fleet vehicles of £21.3m, and an increase in retained earnings of £0.5m. 
Adjustments to the statement of financial position at 31 December 2019 have increased trade and other receivables by £28.1m (being the 
recognition of a repurchase debtor at the contractual repurchase amount (£26.7m) and finance lease receivable (£1.4m)), reduced rental 
fleet vehicles by £27.4m, and increased retained earnings by £0.7m. The impact of these adjustments has been to reduce the loss for the 
year ended 31 December 2019 by £0.2m. Despite no overall impact to cashflows, the adjustments described above decrease both cash 
inflows from operating activities and cash outflows from investing activities by £6.2m in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the 
year ended 31 December 2019. In addition the treatment of proceeds from sale of rental fleet vehicles has been corrected, alongside the 
treatment of proceeds from sale of vehicles for long term leasing, to remove both the proceeds and associated profits from the face of the 
cashflow statement, with adjustments recorded against changes in inventories. These adjustments have no overall impact on the Consolidated 
Statement of Cash Flows, or any sub-categories included within.

Further, the profit on sale of owned rental fleet vehicles in the Group’s Get Motoring UK Limited subsidiary had been incorrectly recorded net 
within the statement of consolidated comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2019 as disposals of fixed assets but should 
have been presented as sales of inventories. Adjustments to recognise sale proceeds and costs separately have increased revenues and cost 
of sales by £19.3m, with no change to profit for the year.

Separately, purchase of vehicles for long term leasing and purchase of rental fleet vehicles were incorrectly presented as investing cash 
outflows.  In accordance with IAS 7, as these vehicles are subsequently held for sale the cashflows should be presented within operating  
activities.  As a result these have been reclassified in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2019, 
decreasing cash flows from operating activities and cash outflows from investing activities by £97.2m.

i

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t
a
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At 
1 January 
2019 
(restated) 
£m

111.7 
113.4 
416.8 
110.6 
752.5

972.9 
182.6
- 
32.9
152.8 
8.0 
1,349.2 

1b Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (restated) 
As at 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019

As previously 
reported  

Group 
Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Right of use assets 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Current tax receivable 
Rental fleet vehicles 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Assets held for sale 

31 December  Correction 
of errors 
£m 

2019 
£m 

At 
  31 December 
2019 
(restated) 
£m 

As previously 
reported 
1 January 
2019 
£m 

Correction 
of errors 
£m 

81.9  
114.2  
429.2  
107.7  
733.0  

956.5  
140.2  
9.8  
59.4  
150.3  
10.0  
1,326.2  

- 
- 
- 
11.3 
11.3 

- 
28.1 
- 
(27.4) 
- 
- 
 0.7 

81.9  
114.2  
429.2  
119.0 
744.3 

956.5  
168.3 
9.8  
32.0 
150.3  
10.0  
1,326.9 

111.7  
113.4  
416.8  
103.3 
745.2 

972.9  
160.8 
-  
54.2 
152.8  
8.0  
1,348.7  

- 
- 
- 
7.3 
7.3 

- 
21.8 
- 
(21.3) 
- 
- 
0.5 

Total assets 

2,059.2  

12.0  

2,071.2  

2,093.9  

7.8  

2,101.7 

Current liabilities 
Bank loans and overdrafts 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Current tax payable 

119.4  
1,261.5  
18.5  
-  

1,399.4  

- 
- 
1.6  
- 
1.6  

119.4  
1,261.5  
20.1  
-  

1,401.0  

110.0  
1,220.4  
18.6  
3.3  
1,352.3  

- 
- 
1.2  
- 
1.2  

110.0 
1,220.4 
19.8 
3.3 
1,353.5 

Net current liabilities 

(73.2) 

(0.9) 

(74.1) 

(3.6) 

(0.7) 

(4.3)

Non-current liabilities 
Bank loans 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Provisions 
Pension scheme obligations 
Deferred tax liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Shareholders’ equity 
Ordinary share capital 
Share premium 
Capital redemption reserve 
Retained earnings 
Total  equity 

90.4  
42.3  
115.6  
10.4  
55.7  
34.0  
348.4  

- 
- 
11.2  
- 
- 
- 
11.2  

90.4  
42.3  
126.8  
10.4  
55.7  
34.0  
359.6  

128.7  
39.3  
109.8  
- 
68.9  
33.0  
379.7  

- 
- 
7.2  
- 
- 
- 
7.2  

128.7 
39.3 
117.0 
- 
68.9 
33.0 
386.9 

1,747.8  

12.8  

1,760.6  

1,732.0  

8.4  

1,740.4 

311.4  

(0.8) 

310.6  

361.9  

(0.6) 

361.3 

19.5  
78.4  
15.1  
198.4  
311.4  

- 
- 
- 
(0.8) 
(0.8) 

19.5  
78.4  
15.1  
197.6  
310.6  

19.4  
78.4  
15.1  
249.0  
361.9  

- 
- 
- 
(0.6) 
(0.6) 

19.4 
78.4 
15.1 
248.4 
361.3

140       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       141

 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

1c Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (restated)

1d. Company Statement of Financial Position (restated)

As  
previously 
reported  
  31 December 
2019 
£m 

Correction of 
errors 
£m 

At 
31 December 
2019 
(restated) 
£m

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss for the year 
Tax charge 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment, rental fleet and right of use assets 
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Gain on lease surrenders 
Gain on disposal of right of use asset associated with rental fleet assets 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Share based compensation 
Impairment of property, plant and equipment 
Movement in right of use assets 
Impairment of intangible assets (underlying) 
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets (non-underlying) 
Finance costs excluding pension related finance costs and debt issue costs 
Debt issue costs 
Difference between pension charge and cash contributions 
Proceeds from sale of vehicles for long term leasing 
Proceeds from sale of rental fleet vehicles 
Purchase of fleet vehicles 
Purchase of right of use assets associated with rental fleet vehicles 
Purchase of vehicles for long term leasing 
Changes in provisions 
Changes in inventories 
Changes in receivables 
Changes in payables 
Cash generated from operations 
Finance costs paid 
Finance costs paid - finance leases 
Tax refunded/(paid) 
Net cash inflow from operating activities 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment and own use vehicles 
Purchase of vehicles for long term leasing 
Purchase of rental fleet vehicles 
Purchase of intangibles 
Finance lease rentals collected 
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Net cash outflow from investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares 
Receipt of funding advanced for vehicle leasing arrangements 
Repayment of funding advanced for vehicle leasing arrangements 
Repayment of loans 
Draw down on RCF 
Repayment on RCF 
Repayment of lease liabilities 
Receipt of lease incentives 
Dividends paid 
Net cash outflow from financing activities 
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

Analysis of cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Bank overdraft 
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

142       |       Financial Statements

(41.6) 
(3.9) 
54.1  
(5.2) 
(0.4) 
- 
6.1  
1.4  
4.3  
1.8  
0.4  
30.4  
30.0  
0.4  
(6.1) 
11.3  
58.7  
- 
- 
- 
10.4  
23.1  
20.6  
25.3  
221.1  
(24.3) 
(5.7) 
(9.3) 
181.8  

(45.8) 
(35.5) 
(61.7) 
(7.9) 
- 
17.6  
(133.3) 

0.1  
76.5  
(69.0) 
(1.4) 
186.9  
(224.2) 
(15.6) 
1.2  
(15.9) 
(61.4) 
(12.9) 
44.3  
31.4  

150.3  
(118.9) 
31.4 

(0.2) 
- 
(1.8)  
0.3 
- 
(3.3) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0.6  
- 
- 
(11.3) 
(58.7) 
(17.4) 
(3.3) 
(35.5) 
- 
34.3 
(5.9) 
- 
(102.2)  
- 
(0.6) 
- 
(102.8) 

- 
35.5 
61.7 
- 
6.2 
- 
103.4 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(0.6) 
- 
- 
(0.6) 
- 
- 
-  

- 
- 

(41.8)
(3.9)
52.3 
(4.9)
(0.4)
(3.3)
6.1 
1.4 
4.3 
1.8 
0.4 
30.4 
30.6 
0.4 
(6.1)
- 
-
(17.4)
(3.3)
(35.5)
10.4 
57.4 
14.7
25.3 
118.9 
(24.3)
(6.3)
(9.3)
79.0

(45.8)
-
-
(7.9)
6.2
17.6 
(29.9)

0.1 
76.5 
(69.0)
(1.4)
186.9 
(224.2)
(16.2)
1.2 
(15.9)
(62.0)
(12.9)
44.3 
31.4 

150.3 
(118.9)
31.4

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S
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As previously 
reported  
 1 January 2019 

£m 

12.0  
0.9  
1.2  
126.8  
12.2  
153.1  

399.3  
8.8  
19.2  
427.3  

580.4  

25.9  
128.4  
0.6  
154.9  

Correction of 
errors 
£m 

At 
1 January 
2019 
(restated) 
£m

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-  

- 
- 
- 
-  

-  

- 
10.7 
- 
10.7  

12.0 
0.9 
1.2 
126.8 
12.2 
153.1 

399.3 
8.8 
19.2 
427.3 

580.4 

25.9 
139.1 
0.6 
165.6 

Company 
Non-current assets 
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Right of use assets 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Deferred tax assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Current tax receivable 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Bank loans and overdrafts 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 

As 
previously 

reported 31  Correction of 
errors 
£m 

December 2019 
£m 

At 
  31 December 
2019 
(restated) 
£m 

13.5  
0.8  
1.1  
126.8  
9.5  
151.7  

356.1  
11.7  
17.4  
385.2  

536.9  

40.6  
136.3  
0.7  
177.6  

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-  

- 
- 
- 
-  

-  

- 
12.9 
- 
12.9  

13.5  
0.8  
1.1  
126.8  
9.5  
151.7  

356.1  
11.7  
17.4  
385.2  

536.9  

40.6  
149.2  
0.7  
190.5  

Net current assets 

207.6  

(12.9) 

194.7  

272.4  

(10.7) 

261.7 

Non-current liabilities 
Bank loans 
Lease liabilities 
Pension scheme obligations 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Shareholders’ equity 
Ordinary share capital 
Share premium 
Capital redemption reserve 
Retained earnings 
Total  equity 

81.4  
0.4  
56.6  
138.4  

- 
- 
- 
-  

81.4  
0.4  
56.6  
138.4  

118.7  
0.6  
69.4  
188.7  

- 
- 
- 
-  

118.7 
0.6 
69.4 
188.7 

316.0  

12.9  

328.9  

343.6  

10.7  

354.3 

220.9  

(12.9) 

208.0  

236.8  

(10.7) 

226.1 

19.5  
78.4  
15.1  
107.9  
220.9  

- 
- 
- 
(12.9) 
(12.9) 

19.5  
78.4  
15.1  
95.0 
208.0  

19.4  
78.4  
15.1  
123.9  
236.8  

- 
- 
- 
(10.7) 
(10.7) 

19.4 
78.4 
15.1 
113.2 
226.1

In preparing the subsidiary Financial Statements for Lookers Motor Group Limited and Lookers Motor Holdings Limited for the year 
ended 31 December 2019 the Directors identified a number of further adjustments affecting these subsidiaries that were not already 
adjusted in the 2019 Group Financial Statements. These adjustments were in relation to impairments to investment carrying values and 
goodwill held within the subsidiaries and reduced the distributable reserves within these entities. To the extent that the dividends paid 
by the subsidiaries in the year ended 31 December 2019 and previous periods exceeded their restated distributable reserves, these 
amounts are repayable by Lookers plc and have been restated as amounts repayable to Group undertakings.

The impact on the retained earnings of Lookers plc has been to reduce the total by a cumulative figure of £10.7m as at 31 December 
2018 and by a cumulative figure of £12.9m at 31 December 2019. Amounts payable to Group undertakings have increased by an 
equal amount as at 31 December 2018 and 31 December 2019 respectively.

These adjustments do not affect the previously disclosed financial performance of the Group.

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       143

 
   
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
i

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Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

2. Segmental reporting 

4. Non-underlying items

The Group presents segmental information to better reflect the Group’s revenue streams and the single-segment trading nature 
of the business’ operations. No further disclosures have been made given the single segment trading nature of the business’ 
operations which are predominantly transacted in the United Kingdom. All channels have been shown as gross totals prior to the 
elimination of intercompany trading activity so as to provide more granular detail around the Group’s internal trading activities.

New cars 
Used cars 
Aftersales 
Leasing and other 
Less: intercompany 
Revenue 

2020 

£m 

 1,709.3    
 1,779.1    
 383.8    
 148.4    
(320.7)  
 3,699.9   

2019 
(restated) 
£m 
 2,226.4  
 2,326.3  
 495.3  
 153.3  
(394.8) 
 4,806.5  

Mix* 
42.5% 
44.3% 
9.5% 
3.7% 
- 

   100% 

Mix*
42.8%
44.7%
9.5%
3.0%
-
100%

*Mix calculation excludes the effect of intercompany revenues.

3. Profit/(loss) before taxation

The following have been included before arriving at profit/(loss) before taxation:

Staff costs 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and right of use assets 
Depreciation of rental fleet assets 
Gain on disposal of right of use asset associated with rental fleet vehicles 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Impairment of intangible assets (underlying element) 
(Gain) on disposal of rental fleet vehicles 
Loss/(gain) on disposal of leased vehicles 
Cost of inventories recognised as an expense 
Non-underlying items 
Restructure of regulated activities (underlying element) 
Low value leased assets 
Utilities and rates 
Other expenses 
Total cost of sales and operating expenses 

Services provided by the Group’s auditor 
The analysis of auditor’s remuneration is as follows: 

Group 
Audit of the Company 
Audit of the Group and Company’s subsidiaries 
Total audit fees 

Note 

2020 

5 
12,13 
18 

11 
11 

4 

£m 
 235.1  
47.2  
4.0  
(1.9) 
4.8  
-  
(0.5) 
0.2 
2,779.2  
12.1  
-  
0.4  
20.7  
567.7  
3,669.0  

2019 
(restated) 
£m
301.6 
49.3 
3.0
(3.3)
6.1 
0.4 
- 
(0.5)
3,770.3 
49.7 
2.1 
0.4 
33.8 
606.4 
4,819.3 

2020 
£m 
 20.0  
1,130.0  
1,150.0  

2019 
£m
 20.0 
2,030.0 
2,050.0 

Fees paid in 2020 are in relation to BDO LLP and in 2019 are in relation to Deloitte LLP. Neither BDO LLP or Deloitte LLP provided 
non-audit services to the Group in either the year ended 31 December 2020 or 31 December 2019.

BDO LLP undertook stocktake procedures in relation to the year ended 31 December 2020 as an agreed upon procedures 
engagement prior to being appointed as auditor.

Details of the Company’s policy on the use of auditors for non-audit services, the reasons why the auditor was used rather than 
another supplier and how the auditor’s independence and objectivity was safeguarded are set out in the Report from the Chairman 
of the Audit and Risk Committee.

Audit fees paid in 2019 have been restated to show the final agreed fees payable to Deloitte LLP for the audit of the Group and 
subsidiaries in the year ended 31 December 2019.

The following details items of income and expenditure that the Group has classified as non-underlying in its statement of total 
comprehensive income. 

Non-underlying items at operating profit 
1 - Gain on property disposals 
2 - Impairment of property, plant and equipment 
2 - Impairment of right of use assets 
2 - Gain on lease surrenders 
2 - Restructuring costs 
3 - Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets 
4 - Value added tax (VAT) 
5 - Restructure of regulated activities 
5 - FCA provision 
6 - Accrual for potential tax penalties 
7 - Professional fees 
8 - Finance overpayments 
Non-underlying items at operating profit 

Note 

12,14 
12 
13 

10,11 

21 

2020 

£m 

(3.1) 
3.4  
0.4 
(1.2) 
9.9  
3.6  
-  
-  
(10.4) 
-  
9.2  
0.3  
12.1  

2019 
(restated) 
£m

(4.9)
3.7 
1.8 
(0.4)
9.2 
30.4 
(6.2)
4.7 
10.4 
1.0 
-
-
49.7 

1 – Property disposals relate to the net gains on the sale of a number of freehold properties during the current and prior year.

2 – During the year the Board took decisive restructuring actions to position the Group for a strong and sustainable future. This  
included the closure, consolidation or refranchising of 12 sites (2019: 15 sites). In addition to the Group-wide restructuring,  

    costs relating to site closure and impairment losses have been recognised during  the current and prior year net of £1.6m 
(2019: net of £0.6m income) insurance income. The restructuring and site changes were completed during the year. 

3 – During the current and prior year the Directors have concluded that impairment charges against the carrying value of certain    
    elements of the Group’s intangible asset base are required (Ford CGU goodwill impairment £2.6m - see Note 10; Lomond brand  

impairment £1.0m - see Note 11).

4 – During the prior year the Group benefitted from a change in how HMRC view VAT treatment for dealer deposit contributions    
    which was previously uncertain and has given rise to a one-off credit of £5.6m in respect of prior periods. In addition a one- 
    off VAT charge totalling £2.0m was made in relation to manufacturer deposit contributions and following a challenge over  

 accounting for VAT on Motability sales, the Group recognised a credit of £2.6m in year ended 31 December 2019.  

5 – Costs totalling £4.7m in respect of the Group-wide FCA focused restructure plan were recorded as non-underlying in the  
    prior year. These costs represented the infrequently occurring set-up expenditure for the establishment of new processes and  
 controls and governance structure in order to improve internal control, risk assurance systems and internal audit as well as  

    delivering best practice and an enhanced customer experience. A provision of £10.4m was recorded in the year ended    
    31 December 2019 in respect of FCA matters. This provision was released in the year ended 31 December 2020. See Note 21  

for further details. 

6 – An accrual of £1.0m was recognised in the prior year in respect of potential tax penalties arising from the understatement of    

taxable profits in prior years in some of the Group’s subsidiary undertakings. 

7 – Professional fees incurred in relation to dealing with the Group’s share suspension and investigation into prior period accounting  

irregularities have been treated as non underlying items. 

8 – £0.3m of additional costs have been incurred during the current year in respect of rectifying historic issues in relation to  
    finance overpayments.

144       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       145

 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

i

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5. Information regarding employees

Group

Employee costs:  
Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other pension costs - defined contribution scheme 
Share based compensation 

Less: Furlough scheme (CJRS) income 

2020 
£m 
 242.6  
 21.0  
 5.6  
 0.8  
270.0 
 (34.9) 
235.1  

2019 
£m
 270.7 
 24.7 
4.8 
1.4 
301.6
-
301.6 

During the year ended 31 December 2020 the Group received Government funds of £34.9m in relation to assistance with the 
COVID-19 pandemic.

Average number employed during the year:  
Aftersales 
Sales 
Administration 

Company

Employee costs:  
Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other pension costs - defined contribution scheme 
Share based compensation 

Less: Furlough scheme (CJRS) income 

2020 
No. 
 1,891  
 1,832  
 3,766  
 7,489  

2020 
£m 
 18.7  

 1.9    
 0.3  
 0.8  
21.7 
 (1.2) 
20.5  

2019 
No.
2,091 
2,194 
4,376 
8,661 

2019 
£m
 14.8 
 1.8 
1.5 
1.4 
19.5
-
19.5 

During the year ended 31 December 2020 the Company received Government funds of £1.2m in relation to assistance with the 
COVID-19 pandemic.

The average number employed by the Company during the year was 319 (2019: 310).

Key management personnel compensation: 
Short-term employee benefits  
Post-employment benefits  
Termination benefits  
Share options 

2020 
£m 
4.4 
0.1 
- 
- 
 4.5    

2019 
£m
6.0 
0.2 
0.8 
0.3 
7.3

The key management compensation given above includes Executive Directors and key operational staff. During the year the 
aggregate gains made on the exercise of share options by Directors was £nil (2019: £nil). Further details of Directors’ remuneration 
is included in the Directors’ Remuneration Report.

6. Finance costs 

Finance costs: 
On revolving credit facility 
On other bank borrowings 
On consignment, repurchase vehicle liabilities and stocking loans 
On vehicle rental finance liabilities 
On lease liabilities 
Debt issue costs 

Net pension costs: 
On defined benefit pension obligation 
On pension scheme assets 

Finance costs 

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Note 

26 
26 

2020 

£m 

(3.9) 
(1.6) 
(14.0) 
(1.7) 
(6.1) 
(0.5) 
(27.8) 

(6.1) 
5.0  
(1.1) 

2019 
(restated) 
£m 

(3.3)
(2.7)
(16.1)
(2.2)
(6.3)
(0.4)
(31.0)

(8.1)
6.2 
(1.9)

(28.9) 

(32.9)

Amounts disclosed in the year ended 31 December 2019 have been reanalysed to show a more detailed split of finance costs and 
have been restated for prior year adjustments. See Note 1.

7. Taxation

Current tax credit: 
Current year 
Adjustment in respect of prior years 

Deferred tax charge/(credit): 
Deferred tax - origination and reversal of temporary differences  
Deferred tax rate adjustment 
Adjustment in respect of prior years 

Total tax charge/(credit) 

Tax on items (credited)/charged to other comprehensive income: 
Tax on pension scheme obligations 

2020 
£m 

-  
(0.4) 
(0.4) 

3.5  
5.0 
(2.0)  
6.5  

6.1  

(7.3) 
(7.3) 

2019 
£m

(1.2)
(2.5)
(3.7)

0.2 
-
(0.4)
(0.2)

(3.9)

1.2 
1.2

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Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

7. Taxation (continued)

9. Loss per share 

Reconciliation of total tax 
Profit/(loss) before tax 
Standard rate of corporation tax at 19% (2019: 19%) 
Disallowable items 
Capital gains 
Share based compensation 
Adjustment in respect of prior years 
Deferred tax rate adjustment 
Difference on overseas tax rate 
Total tax 

2020 

£m 

2019 
(restated) 
£m

2.0  
0.4  
1.4  
1.3  
0.5  
(2.4) 
5.0  
(0.1) 
6.1  

(45.7)
(8.7)
6.5 
- 
0.7 
(2.9)
- 
0.5 
(3.9)

In the 11 March 2020 budget it was announced that the UK tax rate will remain at the current rate of 19% and not reduce to 17% 
from 1 April 2020. Deferred tax assets and liabilities have been recalculated based on a rate of 19% as at 31 December 2020 
which has given rise to an overall increase in the Group’s deferred tax base and an increased charge in the current period.

A UK corporation tax rate of 25% was announced in the Chancellor’s budget of 3 March 2021 along with a temporary extension to 
the loss carry-back rules allowing up to £2.0m of tax losses to be carried back to the proceeding three periods. The 25% rate will 
apply from 1 April 2021 and the carry-back of losses is expected to apply to years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 
2021. If these two measures had been substantively enacted at the balance sheet date the Group’s deferred tax liability would have 
increased by £10.4m and the current tax asset increased by £0.3m.

8. Dividends

Group

Interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2020 nil p (2019: 1.48p) 
Final dividend for the year ended 31 December 2019 nil p (2018: 2.60p) 

2020 
£m 

-  
-  
-  

2019 
£m

5.8 
10.1 
15.9 

The Directors do not propose a final dividend in respect of the financial year ended 31 December 2020 (2019: nil).

As noted in the Financial Review on page 25, the Board has become aware of an issue regarding technical compliance with the 
2006 Act in relation to the payment of interim and final dividends in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The effect of these irregularities is 
that the dividends paid in 2013, 2014 and 2015 were paid to shareholders at a time when the Company did not hold adequate 
distributable reserves. However, there were sufficient reserves held in subsidiaries of the Company which have been distributed to 
the Company in order to provide the Company with adequate reserves.

To satisfy the steps required to rectify these irregularities, the Company will put forward a resolution to retrospectively rectify these 
dividends at the Company’s forthcoming General Meeting.

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders (£m) 
Weighted average number of shares in issue 
Basic loss per share (p) 

2020 

2019 
(restated)
(41.8)
  390,138,374   389,182,654 
(10.74)

(1.05) 

(4.1) 

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders (£m) 
Dilutive effect of share based payment options and weighted average  
number of shares in issue 
Diluted loss per share (p) 

(4.1) 

(41.8)

 390,138,374   389,182,654 
(10.74)

(1.05) 

Profit/(loss) before tax (£m) 
Add: Non-underlying items (£m) 
Underlying profit before tax (£m) 
Tax rate 
Underlying tax (£m) 
Underlying earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders (£m) 
Weighted average number of shares in issue 
Underlying basic earnings per share (p) 

2.0  
12.1  
14.1 
19.0% 
(2.7) 
11.4 

(45.7)
49.7 
4.0
19.0%
(0.8)
3.2
  390,138,374   389,182,654 
0.83

2.93 

In the years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 the basic and diluted earnings per share are equal as a result of 
the Group incurring a loss for the year. This has therefore created an anti-dilutive impact.  The diluted weighted average number of 
shares in issue in 2020 was 398,084,323 (2019: 393,961,890). 

10. Goodwill 

Group

Cost 
At 1 January and 31 December 

Aggregate impairment 
At 1 January 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 

Carrying amount at 31 December 

2020 
£m 
122.4  

2019 
£m 
122.4 

40.5  
2.6  
43.1  

79.3  

10.7
29.8 
40.5 

81.9 

Following the Group’s annual impairment review and a deterioration in expected market conditions and site closures underpinning 
the value in use calculations, an impairment charge of £2.6m has been recognised during the year (2019: £29.8m). The 
2020 charge of £2.6m was recognised in the first half of the year. No additional goodwill impairment was required following 
management’s year-end impairment reviews. 

In 2020 the Group has merged the operational activities of the former Renault Nissan Dacia CGU with that of the former Vauxhall 
CGU to form one new revised CGU. No impairments were identified during the annual impairment review on either the new or old 
CGU allocation basis. 

Details of the £1.0m impairment of intangible assets is given in Note 11.

148       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       149

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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11. Intangible assets 

Group

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Additions 
Reclassifications to property, plant and equipment 
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated amortisation and impairment 
At 1 January 2019 
Charge for the year 
Impairment charge 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Charge for the year 
Impairment charge 
At 31 December 2020 

Carrying amount 
As at 1 January 2019  
As at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2020 
As at 31 December 2020 

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Licenses and  
brands 
£m 

IT 
development 
£m 

102.6  
- 
102.6  

102.6  
- 
- 
102.6  

1.5  
- 
0.6  
2.1  

2.1  
- 
1.0  
3.1  

101.1  
100.5  
99.5  

31.7  
7.9  
39.6  

39.6  
3.0  
(0.6) 
42.0  

19.4  
6.1  
0.4  
25.9  

25.9  
4.8  
- 
30.7  

12.3  
13.7  
11.3  

Total 

£m 

134.3 
7.9 
142.2 

142.2 
3.0 
(0.6)
144.6 

20.9 
6.1 
1.0 
28.0 

28.0 
4.8 
1.0 
33.8 

113.4 
114.2 
110.8 

Intangible assets are considered as part of the Group’s annual impairment review (see Note 10).

An impairment charge of £1.0m has been made relating to the Group’s Lomond brand. Following a review of the Group’s marketing 
positioning the Board are now of the view that the value previously attributed to the Lomond brand has now been diminished and as 
such have recorded an impairment charge in the year as a non-underlying item. 

At 31 December 2020 there is an amount of £nil {2019: £nil) committed for future capital expenditure.

10. Goodwill (continued) 

The following table summarises goodwill and intangibles with an indefinite useful economic life allocated by CGU: 

CGU

2020 
Goodwill

JLR

Audi

Charles Hurst

Ford

Mercedes-Benz

Volkswagen

BMW

Vauxhall Renault Nissan Dacia

Fleet & Leasing

£m

9.0

22.1

9.4

4.8

15.2

6.9

-

2.8

9.1

79.3

2020 
Licences 
and brands
£m

-

27.9

-

2.9

28.2

15.9

21.7

2.9

-

99.5

2020  
Total

2019 
Goodwill

£m

9.0

50.0

9.4

7.7

43.4

22.8

21.7

5.7

9.1

178.8

£m

9.0

22.1

9.4

7.4

15.2

6.9

-

2.8

9.1

81.9

2019 
Licences 
and brands
£m

-

28.9

-

2.9

28.2

15.9

21.7

2.9

-

2019  
Total

£m

9.0

51.0

9.4

10.3

43.4

22.8

21.7

5.7

9.1

100.5

182.4

The Group’s three year strategic review considers the Group’s profit and loss, cashflows, debt and other key financial ratios over 
the period. There are a number of key assumptions within these forecasts and these have been based on management’s past 
experience and knowledge of the market. 

The value-in-use of each CGU is calculated using cash flow projections for a five-year period; from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 
2025. These projections are based on the Board approved strategic plan to 31 December 2023. The key assumptions in the 
strategic plan on which the cash flow projections are based relate to expectations of sales volumes and margins and expectations 
around changes in the operating cost base. The assumptions made are based on the Board’s understanding of the extent and 
duration of the COVID-19 related trading restrictions currently imposed in addition to the current macro-economic context and 
outlook, past experience adjusted for expected charges, and external sources of information. 

The key assumptions that have been used in determining the value in use of each cash generating unit in the impairment model are 
set out in the table below:

Assumption

2020

2019

2018

Three to five year revenue growth

0.0% to 1.4%

0.0% to 1.0%

0.0% to 1.4%

Three to five year operating expenses growth

0.0% to 2.0%

0.0% to 2.0%

0.0% to 1.1%

Post year five growth rate

Discount rate

0%

9.87%

0%

8.51%

0%

8.70%

The pre-tax adjusted discount rate used has been calculated using the Group’s estimated cost of capital and benchmarked against 
externally available data. 

As noted above, an impairment of £2.6m has been recognised in the current year to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill in the 
Ford CGU. This impairment was recorded during the preparation of the Group’s interim Financial Statements and appreciated the 
uncertainty COVID-19 was causing the business and on the market conditions at that time. In accordance with IFRIC 10 Interim 
Financial Reporting and Impairment, impairments recorded in interim Financial Statements are not permitted to be reversed should 
changes in facts and circumstances result in the recoverable amount of the CGU being higher than its carrying amount at the 
subsequent impairment test date. Having performed a number of additional sensitivity tests including modelling the impact of the 
Group’s sensitised going concern model and increasing the WACC rate by 1.0% no additional disclosures are considered necessary 
as neither of these models resulted in any impairment. In addition a reverse stress test on the base case model was performed in 
order to eradicate the headroom on the CGU that started with the least headroom in the base case model. In order to achieve this a 
change in circumstances beyond what the Board considers to be a reasonable change in circumstances and assumptions would be 
required. As a result, no additional sensitivity disclosures have been disclosed.

150       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       151

   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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11. Intangible assets (continued) 

Company

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Additions 
Reclassifications to property, plant and equipment 
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated amortisation and impairment 
At 1 January 2019 
Charge for the year 
Impairment charge 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 2020 

Carrying amount 
As at 1 January 2019 
As at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2020 
As at 31 December 2020 

At 31 December 2020 there is an amount of £nil {2019: £nil) committed for future capital expenditure.

IT 
development 
£m 

30.7 
7.9 
38.6 

38.6 
3.0 
(0.6)
41.0 

18.7 
6.0 
0.4 
25.1 

25.1 
4.8 
29.9 

12.0 
13.5 
11.1 

S
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12. Property, plant and equipment 

Group

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Movements in foreign exchange 
Additions 
Disposals 
Transfers 
Transfers to inventories 
Transfers to assets held for sale 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Movements in foreign exchange 
Additions 
Disposals 
Transfers 
Transfer from intangible assets 
Transfers to inventories 
Transfers to assets held for sale 
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
At 1 January 2019 
Movements in foreign exchange 
Charge for the year 
Impairment loss 
Disposals 
Transfers to inventories 
Transfers to assets held for sale 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Movements in foreign exchange 
Charge for the year 
Impairment loss 
Disposals 
Transfers to inventories 
Transfers to assets held for sale 
At 31 December 2020 

Carrying amount 
As at 1 January 2019 
As at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2020 
As at 31 December 2020 

Freehold 
property 

Leasehold 
property 

£m 

£m 

Motor  
vehicles for 
rental 
£m 

Other 
£m 

Total 
£m 

268.5  
(1.0) 
3.7  
(9.7) 
15.3  
- 
(6.6) 
270.2  

270.2  
1.1  
3.0  
(14.1) 
(2.5) 
- 
- 
(7.8) 
249.9 

19.8  
- 
2.5  
3.1  
(0.6) 
- 
(1.5) 
23.3  

23.3  
-  
2.9  
0.2  
(3.1) 
- 
(0.8) 
22.5 

248.7  
246.9  
227.4 

77.4  
- 
10.5  
(1.6) 
6.6  
- 
- 
92.9  

92.9  
- 
1.2  
(3.0) 
3.2 
- 
- 
(2.4) 
91.9 

16.6  
- 
3.0  
- 
(1.3) 
- 
- 
18.3  

18.3  
- 
2.5  
-  
(2.2) 
- 
- 
18.6  

60.8  
74.6  
73.3 

98.5  
- 
35.5  
(0.4) 
- 
(32.5) 
- 
101.1  

101.1  
-  
28 .9 
(2.8) 
4.2 
- 
(34.6) 
- 
96.8 

30.9  
- 
19.0  
- 
(0.4) 
(17.6) 
- 
31.9  

31.9  
-  
16.8  
- 
(1.9) 
(18.0) 
- 
28.8 

67.6  
69.2  
68.0 

84.9  
(0.1) 
31.6  
(10.2) 
(21.9) 
- 
- 
84.3  

84.3  
0.1  
8.5  
(13.3) 
(4.9) 
0.6 
- 
- 
75.3 

45.2  
(0.1) 
9.5  
1.2  
(10.0) 
- 
- 
45.8  

45.8  
0.1 
10.0  
1.3  
(13.1) 
- 
- 
44.1  

39.7  
38.5  
31.2 

529.3 
(1.1)
81.3 
(21.9)
- 
(32.5)
(6.6)
548.5 

548.5 
1.2 
41.6 
(33.2)
- 
0.6
(34.6)
(10.2)
513.9 

112.5 
(0.1)
34.0 
4.3 
(12.3)
(17.6)
(1.5)
119.3 

119.3 
0.1 
32.2 
1.5 
(20.3)
(18.0)
(0.8)
114.0 

416.8 
429.2 
399.9

Assets in the course of construction relate to build costs that have been incurred but the property is not yet in use and are included 
in Other. The total of these assets held at 31 December 2020 is £4.3m (2019: £3.6m). These assets will be transferred to Freehold 
or Leasehold property when complete. Other includes plant and machinery, fixtures, fittings and  tools and equipment. 

Included within freehold property is freehold land at a cost of £7.5m (2019: £7.5m) which is not depreciated. At 31 December 2020 
there is an amount of £7.3m (2019: £7.2m) committed for future capital expenditure.

152       |       Financial Statements

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Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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12. Property, plant and equipment (continued) 

During the year ended 31 December 2020 the total net book value of disposals from property and other amounted to £12.0m 
(2019: £9.6m). Total proceeds received was £14.5m (2019: £14.7m) resulting in a gain on disposals of £2.5m (2019: £5.1m).

Following the Group’s restructuring program, an impairment charge of £1.5m (2019: £3.0m) has been recorded representing an 
adjustment to the expected recoverable values of assets. In the prior year, a further £1.3m has been recognised as an impairment 
loss against the carrying amount of affected assets following a fire at one of the Group’s dealerships during 2019. At the balance 
sheet date £9.4m (2019: £5.1m) of properties have been reclassified into assets held for sale. See Note 14 for further details. 

Company

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Disposals 
Transfers from intangible assets 
Transfers from fellow Group companies 
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
At 1 January 2019 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Transfers from fellow Group companies 
At 31 December 2020 

Carrying amount 
As at 1 January 2019 
As at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2020 
As at 31 December 2020 

Other 
£m 

3.6 
0.2 
3.8 

3.8 
(1.3)
0.6 
0.3 
3.4 

2.7 
0.3 
3.0 

3.0 
0.5 
(1.0)
0.2 
2.7 

0.9 
0.8 
0.7 

13. Right of use assets 

Group

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Correction of errors* 
As 1 January 2019 (restated) 
Additions 
Retirements and surrenders 
At 31 December 2019 

Cost 
At 1 January 2020 
Additions 
Retirements and surrenders 
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
At 1 January 2019 
Correction of errors* 
At 1 January 2019 (restated) 
Charge for the year 
Impairment charge 
Retirements and surrenders 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Charge for the year 
Impairment charge 
Retirements and surrenders 
At 31 December 2020 

Carrying amount 
As at 1 January 2019 
As at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2020 
As at 31 December 2020 

S
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e
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Property 
£m 

Other 
£m 

240.1  
18.2 
258.3 
24.5  
(5.3) 
277.5  

277.5  
12.7  
(11.0) 
279.2  

138.9  
10.9 
149.8 
12.5  
1.8  
(3.4) 
160.7  

160.7  
12.4  
0.4  
(10.5) 
163.0  

108.5 
116.8 
116.2 

6.0  
- 
6.0 
6.2  
(5.9) 
6.3  

6.3  
3.7  
(2.9) 
7.1  

3.9  
- 
3.9 
2.8  
-  
(2.6) 
4.1  

4.1  
2.6  
- 
(1.0) 
5.7  

2.1 
2.2 
1.4 

Total 
£m 

246.1 
18.2
264.3
30.7 
(11.2)
283.8 

283.8 
16.4 
(13.9)
286.3

142.8 
10.9
153.7
15.3 
1.8 
(6.0)
164.8 

164.8 
15.0 
0.4 
(11.5)
168.7 

110.6 
119.0 
117.6

At 31 December 2020 there is an amount of £nil (2019: £nil) committed for future capital expenditure. 

*Details of the correction of errors are shown in Note 1.

Included within the Other category are leases for motor vehicles and IT equipment. 

A charge of £0.4m (2019: £1.8m) has been recognised following the cessation of trade from certain dealerships during the year 
thereby giving rise to an impairment charge which has been treated as a non-underlying item (see Note 4) 

Further details regarding leased assets are provided in the following Notes: 

Disclosure of lease costs of low value assets

Gains on property disposals

Lease interest costs

Movements in lease liabilities

Note

3

4

6

22

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Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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13. Right of use assets (continued) 

Company

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
At 31 December 2019 

Cost 
At 1 January 2020 
Additions 
Retirements and surrenders 
At 31 December 2020 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
At 1 January 2019 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 2019 

At 1 January 2020 
Charge for the year 
Retirements and surrenders 
At 31 December 2020 

Carrying amount 
As at 1 January 2019 
As at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2020 
As at 31 December 2020 

Other 
£m 

2.3 
0.6 
2.9 

2.9 
0.5
(1.0) 
2.4 

1.1 
0.7 
1.8 

1.8 
0.8
(1.0) 
1.6 

1.2
1.1
0.8

Included within the Other category are leases for IT equipment.   

14. Assets held for sale 

Lower of carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell 
At 1 January 
Net transfers from property, plant and equipment 
Impairment charge 
Disposals 
At 31 December 

Group 
2020 
£m 
10.0  
9.4  
(3.5) 
(2.9) 
13.0  

Group 
2019 
£m 
8.0  
5.1  
- 
(3.1) 
10.0  

Company 
2020 
£m 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Company 
2019 
£m 
-
-
- 
-
-

All items included as at 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 relate to properties held by the Group and have been 
transferred into assets held for sale following the cessation of trade at certain dealerships and the subsequent commencement of 
procedures to dispose of these vacant properties from the Group’s portfolio. Properties held within assets held for sale are being 
actively marketed for disposal and there is an expectation that such properties will be disposed of within 12 months of the balance 
sheet date. Where necessary, provision for impairment to bring the assets carrying value in-line with its estimated fair value less 
costs of disposal have been recorded whilst the assets were held within property, plant and equipment and prior to their subsequent 
transfer into assets held for sale. 

During the year the total carrying amount disposed from held for sale amounted to £2.9m (2019: £3.1m). Total proceeds received 
amounted to £3.5m (2019: £2.9m) resulting in a gain on property disposals of £0.6m (2019: loss of £0.2m). As a result of the 
restructuring events during the years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 certain properties have been transferred 
from property, plant and equipment into assets held for sale. In 2020 an impairment charge of £3.5m has been incurred in respect 
of recording these properties at fair value less cost to sell.

156       |       Financial Statements

15. Investments in subsidiary undertakings 

Company

Cost and Net Book Value 
At 1 January and 31 December 

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2020 
£m 
126.8  

2019 
£m
126.8 

Details of the subsidiary undertakings of Lookers plc (Registered Office: Lookers House, 3 Etchells Road, West Timperley, 
Altrincham, WA14 5XS, England) are as follows:

Registered Office: Lookers House, 
3 Etchells Road, West Timperley, 
Altrincham, WA14 5XS England
Addison Motors Limited (m)
Addison TPS Limited (m)
Aston Green Limited (d)
Benfield Motor Group Limited (d)
Benfield Pension Trustees Limited (d)
Billingham Motors Limited (d)
Bluebell (Crewe) Limited (d)
Bolling Investments Limited (p)
Bramall & Jones VW Limited (h)
Bristol Trade Centre Limited (d)
Burton Trade Centre Limited (d) 
Castle Bromwich Motors Limited (d)
Chipperfield Garage Limited (d) 
Chipperfield Holdings Limited (d) 
Colborne (HGG) 2012 Limited (d)
Colbornes Trade Parts Limited (m)
Colebrook & Burgess (Teesside) Limited (d) 
Colebrook & Burgess Holdings Limited (h)
Colebrook & Burgess Limited (m)
Cox & Co (Lookers) Limited (d) 
Drayton Group Limited (m) 
Dutton-Forshaw Holdings Limited (h) 
Dutton-Forshaw Limited (d)
*Get Motoring UK Limited (l)
Harpers Carlisle Limited (p)
Howdens of Harrogate Limited (d) 
Jackson & Edwards Limited (d)
Kings Langley Land Rover Limited (d) 
Knights North West Limited (d)
Look 4 Car Credit Limited (d)
Lookers (J & S Leaver) Limited (d)
Lookers (St. Helens) Limited (d)
Lookers Bedale Garage Limited (d)
Lookers Birmingham Limited (d) 
Lookers Colborne Limited (m) 
Lookers Directors Limited (d) 
Lookers GB & E Limited (d) 
Lookers JV Limited (d)
Lookers Leasing Limited (l)
*Lookers Motor Group Limited (m)
*Lookers Motor Holdings Limited (h) 
*Lookers Motors Limited (d)
*Lookers North West Limited (d) 
*Lookers Norwich Limited (d)
*Lookers of Barnsley Limited (d)
*Lookers of Bradford Limited (d)
*Lookers of Burton Limited (d)
*Lookers of Colwyn Bay Limited (d)
*Lookers of Dewsbury Limited (d)
*Lookers of Macclesfield Limited (d) 

*Lookers of Manchester Limited (d) 
*Lookers of Northwich Limited (d)
*Lookers of Rochdale Limited (d)
*Lookers Pension Plan Trustee Limited (d) 
*Lookers Secretaries Limited (d)
Lookers South East Limited (d) 
Lookers Southern Limited (d)
Lookers Thornton Engineering Limited (d) 
Martins (Middlesbrough) Limited (d) 
Martins (Stockton) Limited (d) 
Martins (Sunderland) Limited (d)
Martins-Wellington Limited (d)
MB South Limited (m) 
Meteor Group Limited (d) 
NNK Holdings Limited (h)
Picking (Liverpool) Limited (d) 
Platts Harris Limited (a)
PLP Motors Limited (d)
Pollendine Motors (Frinton) Limited (d) 
Radford (Bavarian) Limited (d) 
Roadshow Limited (d)
Rosedale Finance & Leasing Limited (d)
S. Jennings Group Limited (h)
S. Jennings Limited (m)
The Dovercourt Motor Company Limited (d)
The Dutton-Forshaw Group Limited (h)
The Dutton-Forshaw Motor Company 
Limited (m)
*The Dutton-Forshaw Trustee Company 
Limited (d)
Truc-Bodies Limited (d)
Vehicle Rental Services Limited (d) 
Vikings Canterbury Limited (d) 
Warwick Holdings Limited (p)
Incorporated and registered in  
Northern Ireland. Registered Office:  
62 Boucher Road, Antrim, Belfast, 
Northern Ireland, BT12 6LR
Adelaide Finance Limited (d) 
Bairds Cars Limited (d) 
Balmoral Motors Limited (d)
Charles Hurst Holdings Limited (h) 
Charles Hurst JV Limited (d) 
Charles Hurst Limited (m)
Charles Hurst Motors Limited (d)
Fleet Financial Limited (l) 
Guthrie & Anderson Limited (d)
Hurstco Limited (d)
Savilles Auto Village Limited (d)
*The Charles Hurst Corporation Limited (h) 
Thompson-Reid Tractors Limited (d)
Town & Country Fuels Limited (d) 
Ulster Garages Limited (d)

Incorporated and registered in Scotland
**Arran Oils Limited (d)
**Ballcop (No.1) Limited (dissolved 20 April 
2021) (d)
**Ballcop (No.2) Limited (dissolved 20 April 
2021) (d)
**Ballcop (No.3) Limited (d)
**Ballcop (No.4) Limited (d)
**Ballcop (No.5) Limited (d)
**Ballcop (No.7) Limited (d)
**Ballcop (No.8) Limited (d)
**Ballcop (No.9) Limited (d)
**Ballcop (No.10) Limited (d)
**Ballcop (No.11) Limited (d)
**Hurst Energy Services Limited (d)
**Hurst Fuels (Caledonia) Limited (d)
**Inverclyde Sales & Service Limited (d)
***J M Sloan & Company (Car Hire) Limited (d)
***J M Sloan & Company Limited (d)
**JN Holdings Limited (d)
****Lomond Motors (East) Limited (m)
****Lomond Motors Limited (m)
****Lomond TPS Limited (m)
***Shields Automotive Limited (d)
***Taggarts Motor Group Limited (d)

Incorporated in Republic of Ireland
Charles Hurst Dublin Limited (m)

All subsidiary companies are wholly owned 
through ownership of ordinary share 
capital.
*These subsidiaries are directly owned 
by Lookers plc whilst the remaining are 
indirectly owned.
**Registered Office: 528/540 Windmill Hill 
Street, Motherwell, ML1 2AQ
***Registered Office: 1 Brasswell Park, 
Annan Road, Dumfries, DG1 3JA
****Registered Office: 520 Hillington 
Road, Braehead, Glasgow, G52 4UB

Principal activities key: 
(a) Sale and maintenance of agricultural 
vehicles - business disposed November 2020
(d) Dormant
(h) Intermediate non-trading holding 
company
(l) Lessor of vehicles
(m) Sale and maintenance of vehicles; 
distribution of spare parts
(p) Property management company

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       157

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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19. Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Bank overdraft 
Cash and cash equivalents per statement of cash flows 

Group 
2020 
£m 
243.0  
(115.8) 
127.2  

2019 

£m 
150.3  
(118.9) 
31.4  

Company 
2020 
£m 
0.1  
(36.5) 
(36.4) 

2019 

£m
17.4 
(40.6)
(23.2)

Total restricted cash for the Group at 31 December 2020 is £0.2m (2019: £0.3m) and for the Company is £0.1m (2019: £0.2m).

20. Trade and other payables 

Current: 
Trade payables 
Repurchase commitments 
Stocking loans 
Consignment vehicle creditors 
Group payables 
Other tax and social security payable 
Other creditors 
Deferred income 
Vehicle rental finance liabilities 
Accruals 

Non current: 
Deferred income 
Vehicle rental finance liabilities 

Group 
2020 
£m 
 138.1  
 20.8  
 210.0  
 382.3  
 -    
 29.4  
 24.2  
7.2 
 55.4  
44.4  
911.8  

7.3  
 32.5  
39.8  

2019 

£m 
 206.9  
 47.6  
 337.1  
 533.7  
 -    
 0.8  
 16.3  
 6.4  
 62.2  
 50.5  
1,261.5  

 7.3  
 35.0  
42.3  

Company 
2020 
£m 
 7.9  
- 
- 
- 
 22.5  
 16.1  
1.4 
0.7 
- 
 12.5  
61.1  

2019 
(restated) 
£m 
 8.9 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 125.5 
 - 
 1.5 
 - 
- 
 13.3 
149.2 

2018 
(restated) 
£m 
4.4
-
-
-
127.4
-
0.2
-
-
7.1
139.1

- 
- 
 -  

- 
- 
 - 

-
-
-

Further details of the prior period restatement affecting Group payables in the year ended 31 December 2019 are made in Note 1.

16. Inventories 

Group 

Goods for resale 
Vehicle spare parts for resale 
Consignment vehicles 

2020 
£m 
 255.7  
 17.2  
382.3  
655.2  

2019 
£m 
 398.7 
 24.1 
533.7 
956.5 

Total write-offs of £nil (2019: £nil) have been incurred during the year and there have been no reversals of past write-downs (2019: 
none). Stocking loans provided by third party finance houses are secured over the vehicles used for the provision of such finance.

Included within goods for resale are vehicles leased out to staff employees on short-term lease arrangements via a third party 
but are still actively marketed for immediate sale to third parties by the Group as the Group has not relinquished control of these 
vehicles. As at 31 December 2020 these total £23.6m (2019: £33.0m). 

At 31 December 2020 the Group had entered into a number of future purchase commitments amounting to £4.8m (2019: £11.6m) 
which are not recognised in the Financial Statements.

17. Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 
Group receivables 
Other receivables 
Repurchase debtor 
Finance lease receivables 
Prepayments 

Group 
2020 
£m 
74.5  
 -    
12.8  
21.8 
1.1 
14.4  
124.6 

2019 
(restated) 
£m 
 111.6  
 -    
 8.0  
26.7 
1.4 
20.6 
168.3 

2018 
(restated) 
£m 
119.8  
-  
17.3 
20.8 
1.0 
23.7 
182.6 

Company 
2020 
£m 
0.3  
309.6  
 10.4  
- 
- 
7.1  
327.4 

2019 

£m 
 1.1 
 343.5
 7.7
-
-
3.8
356.1

Balances held within Group receivables relate to balances due from subsidiary undertakings of the Company. All amounts are 
unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.

18. Rental fleet vehicles 

Cost 
At 1 January  
Correction of errors 
At 1 January (restated) 
Transfer from Group inventories 
Additions 
Transfer to group inventories 
At 31 December  

Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January  
Correction of errors 
At 1 January (restated) 
Charge for the year 
Transfer to Group inventories 
At 31 December  
Carrying amount at 1 January 
Carrying amount at 31 December 

Group 
2020 

£m 
33.7 
- 
33.7 
12.3 
21.8 
(35.1) 
32.7  

1.7  
- 
1.7 
4.0  
(3.1) 
2.6  
32.0 
30.1 

2019 
(restated) 
£m 

57.1
(22.4)
34.7
25.4
17.4
(43.8) 
33.7 

2.9 
(1.1)
1.8
3.0 
(3.1)
1.7 
32.9
32.0

Rental vehicles included in current assets reflect those vehicles which are purchased for the purpose of short-term rentals and 
which are expected to be disposed of in less than one year.

158       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       159

   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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21. Provisions 

Provision in respect of regulatory matters 
At 31 December  

At 1 January 
Created in the year 
Released during the year 
At 31 December 

Group 
2020 
£m 
 -    
-  

2019 

£m 
 10.4  
 10.4  

Company 
2020 
£m 
 -    
 -    

2019 

£m
 -
 -

Provisions for  Provisions for 
other charges  other charges 
2019 £m
 -    
 10.4  
 -  
10.4  

2020 £m 
 10.4  
- 
(10.4) 
-  

In the year ended 31 December 2019, after careful consideration of the open matters with the FCA (namely the past business 
review, ongoing enforcement review and the events that led to the delay in publishing the Annual Report & Accounts and the 
suspension of shares on 1 July 2020) the Board concluded that it is more likely than not that the Group will incur an outflow of 
economic resources in respect of at least some of these matters and recorded a provision at 31 December 2019. The spectrum 
of possible outcomes, including restitution of customer detriment, additional costs associated with the regulated activities and 
potential sanctions, was considered broad and the considered outcome based on that range was considered to be £10.4m. 

On 2 March 2021 the Group announced that the FCA had advised the Board of its decision to close the investigation against 
Lookers Motor Group Limited, the Group’s FCA regulated entity, for the possible mis-selling of regulated products, and associated 
issues relating to potential customer detriment. In closing the case, the FCA further advised the Board that it did not intend to use 
its statutory powers to apply any sanctions against the Group in relation to the matters under investigation. As the investigation 
specifically covers the period from January 2016 to June 2019, the Group is satisfied that the FCA confirmation represents an 
adjusting event after the balance sheet date as this provides evidence that there was not an obligating event and have therefore 
released the £10.4m provision into non-underlying items in the year ended 31 December 2020.

22. Financial instruments 

Carrying amount of financial assets 
The carrying amounts of financial assets by category were: 

Financial assets measured at amortised cost: 
Cash at bank and in hand 
Trade receivables 
Other receivables 

S
t
a
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e
m
e
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Group
2020 

£m 
 243.0   
 74.5    
 35.7 
353.2 

2019 
(restated) 
£m 
150.3 
111.6  
36.1  
298.0 

2018 
(restated) 
£m 
152.8
119.8
39.1
311.7

None of the assets are materially credit-impaired and there has been no significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. 
The amounts disclosed above also represent the maximum exposure to credit risk ignoring cash flows from realisation of the assets 
and impairment losses. 

The gross carrying amounts of trade receivables is as follows: 

Current (not past due) 
Past due up to three months 
Past due from three months up to six months 
Past due over six months 
Total gross amount at 31 December 
Less: General loss allowance at 31 December 
Less: Specific credit provision 
Trade receivables 

The loss allowance based on the simplified approach for lifetime expected credit losses is as follows: 

Current (not past due) 
Past due up to three months 
Past due from three months up to six months 
Past due over six months 
Total loss allowance at 31 December 

  2020 weighted 
 average loss rate 
2.4%  
3.0% 
5.0% 
8.0% 

2019 weighted 
average loss rate 
1.0% 
2.0% 
4.0% 
8.0% 

Group
2020 
£m 
61.6 
12.9 
2.0 
1.6 
78.1  
(2.0)  
(1.6) 
74.5  

Group
2020 
£m 
1.5 
0.4 
0.1 
- 
2.0  

2019 
£m 
86.9 
23.9 
2.4 
2.4 
115.6 
(2.4)
(1.6)  
111.6 

2019 
£m
1.4 
0.8 
0.1 
0.1 
2.4 

With the exception of one (2019: none) specific provision the Group has not disaggregated out customer risk profiles to account for 
variation in credit risk grades as the majority of the debt is held with a number of OEM Brand Partners with similar risk profiles. At 31 
December 2020 a specific provision of £1.6m has been allocated against aged debts.

A reconciliation of the changes in the loss allowance is set out below: 

As at 1 January 
Derecognition including write-off’s 
(Credit)/charge for the year 
As at 31 December 

Group 
2020 
£m 
2.4  
(0.1) 
(0.3) 
2.0  

2019 
£m 
2.1 
(0.1)
0.4 
2.4

160       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       161

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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22. Financial instruments (continued) 

Carrying amount of financial liabilities 
The carrying amounts of financial liabilities by category were: 

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost: 
Bank overdrafts 
Secured bank loans (current and non-current) 
Trade and other payables 
Vehicle rental finance liabilities 
Total lease liabilities 

Current 
Bank overdraft 
Secured bank loans 

Non-current 
Secured bank loans 
Total borrowings 

Bank loans and overdraft repayable: 
Less than one year 
More than one year and not more than two years 
More than two years and not more than five years 
More than five years 

Total lease liabilities 
Current 
Non-current 

Lease liabilities repayable: 
Less than one year 
More than one year and not more than two years 
More than two years and not more than five years 
More than five years 
Less: finance charges allocated to future years 

Group
2020 
£m 
 115.8    
 167.9    
 819.8    
 87.9    
 144.4   
1,335.8  

 115.8   
1.1 
116.9  

166.8 
283.7  

Group
2020 
£m 
116.9 
159.5 
3.3 
4.0 
283.7  

2019 
£m 
 20.1  
 126.8  
146.9 

2019 
£m 
20.1  
18.5  
47.5 
126.4  
(65.6) 
146.9  

2019 
£m
118.9 
90.9 
 1,192.1 
 97.2
 146.9 
1,646.0 

118.9 
0.5 
119.4 

90.4 
209.8 

2019 
£m
    119.4 
1.1 
84.7 
4.6 
209.8 

2018 
£m
19.8
117.0
136.8

2018 
£m
19.8
17.7
46.8
111.2
(58.7)
136.8

Group
2020 
£m 
 19.1   
125.3    
144.4  

Group
2020 
£m 
 19.1  
 18.8 
 46.8 
 121.9 
(62.2) 
144.4  

The Group is party to a number of lease arrangements as a lessee and are primarily long leasehold property leases for a number 
of dealerships, workshops and office space across the Group. The Group also holds a number of leases for motor vehicles and 
IT equipment used to support the Group’s operations. The Group is not materially exposed to variable lease payments however a 
number of the property leases have contractual clauses including rent reviews, contract extension and contract termination options 
which, dependent upon any significant business reorganisation activities, may affect the future cashflows of the Group.  

During the financial year ended 31 December 2020 the Group successfully completed a sale and leaseback transaction from its 
property portfolio. This transaction resulted in a nominal gain being recognised immediately in the income statement as a result of 
the previous property carrying amount being less than the sale price (established at fair value) at the point of leaseback. The effect 
of this transaction gave rise to an inflow in the consolidated cash flow statement.

22. Financial instruments (continued) 

Trade and other payables 
Current 
Non-current 

Movement in financial liabilities 
Other loans 
RCF 
Lease liabilities 
Vehicle rental finance liabilities 

Net RCF 

Loan 
At Jan 
2020  movement  repayment 
£m 
£m 
(0.6) 
- 
- 
78.0  
- 
- 
(84.1) 
- 
(84.7)  
78.0  

£m 
10.1  
80.8  
146.9  
97.2  
335.0  

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Group
2020 
£m 
 875.2 
 32.5  
907.7  

2019 
£m
 1,254.3 
 35.0 
1,289.3

Lease 
incentives 
£m 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-  

Lease 
repayment 
£m  
- 
- 
(15.3) 
-  
(15.3)  

Loan  Non-cash  At 31 Dec 
2020
£m
9.5 
158.4 
144.4 
87.9 
 400.2 

receipt  movement 
£m 
- 
(0.4) 
12.8 
- 
12.4  

£m 
- 
- 
- 
74.8  
74.8  

Cash and cash equivalents 
Bank overdraft 
Net debt excluding lease and  
vehicle rental liabilities 
Net debt including lease and 
vehicle rental liabilities 

(150.3) 
118.9  

59.5  

303.6  

At Jan 
Loan 
2019  movement  repayment 

Net RCF 

Lease 
incentives 

Lease 
repayment 

(243.0) 
 115.8   

40.7 

273.0

receipt  movement 

Loan  Non-cash  At 31 Dec 
2019 
(restated)

Movement in financial liabilities 
Other loans 
RCF 
Lease liabilities 
Vehicle rental finance liabilities 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Bank overdraft 
Net debt excluding lease and  
vehicle rental liabilities 
Net debt including lease and  
vehicle rental liabilities 

(restated) 
£m 
11.5  
118.7  
136.8  
89.7  
356.7 

(152.8) 
108.5  

85.9  

312.4  

£m 
- 
(37.3) 
- 
- 
(37.3) 

£m 
(1.4) 
- 
- 
(69.0) 
(70.4) 

£m 
- 
- 
1.2  
- 
1.2  

£m  
- 
- 
(16.2) 
- 
(16.2) 

£m 
- 
- 
- 
76.5  
76.5  

£m
- 
(0.6) 
25.1  
- 
24.5  

10.1 
80.8 
146.9 
97.2 
335.0 

(150.3)
118.9 

59.5 

303.6

Non-cash movements in relation to lease liabilities relate to the recognition and de-recognition of lease liabilities and accrued and 
repaid interest and amortisation of the Group’s debt issue costs in relation to movements on the Group’s RCF.

Movements in relation to vehicle rental finance liabilities relate to specific funding sourced or repaid during the financial year in relation 
to vehicles leased out by the Group in its capacity as a lessor.

At 31 December 2020 the Group had a revolving credit facility of £238.0m with a further of £50.0m available for future acquisitions. 
This facility had been renegotiated on 21 December 2018 with the Banking Club who had provided the previous term loan and 
previous revolving facility. As noted in the Accounting Policy around Going Concern, during 2020 the financial covenants were 
renegotiated, including a suspension of the interest cover ratio and replacement with EBITDA and liquidity covenants. The Group 
satisfied each of those covenants.  The revolving credit facility expires on 31 March 2022 and has an option for a further one year 
extension subject to syndicate approval. The facility is secured via a debenture over certain assets (predominantly property) of the 
Group.

In May 2021 the Group renegotiated its revolving credit facilities with its existing Banking Club for an initial amount of £150m with an 
extension to September 2023. The amended facilities include core leverage, interest cover and EBITDA covenants which are tested on 
a quarterly basis commencing 30 June 2021.

162       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020      |       163

   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

22. Financial instruments (continued) 

22. Financial instruments (continued) 

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An analysis of the Group’s fixed and floating rate borrowings and lease liabilities is as follows: 

2020 
Other loans 
RCF 
Lease liabilities 
Total borrowings 

2019 
Other loans 
RCF 
Lease liabilities 
Total borrowings 

Floating rate                            Fixed rate

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest rate 
% 
1.6 
2.0 
- 
2.0 

£m 
9.5 
158.4 
- 
167.9 

  Weighted 
average 
effective 
  interest rate 
% 
- 
- 
4.5 
4.5 

£m 
- 
- 
144.4 
144.4 

Total 
interest 
bearing 

On which 
no interest 
is paid 

£m  
9.5 
158.4 
144.4 
312.3 

£m 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Floating rate                            Fixed rate

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest rate 
% 
2.2 
2.1 
- 
2.1 

£m 
10.1 
80.8 
- 
90.9 

  Weighted 
average 
effective 
  interest rate 
% 
- 
- 
4.5 
4.5 

£m 
- 
- 
146.9 
146.9 

Total 
interest 
bearing 

On which 
no interest 
is paid 

£m  
10.1 
80.8 
146.9 
237.8 

£m 
- 
- 
- 
- 

A maturity analysis of the Group’s undiscounted inflows from operating lease receivables is as follows:

Year ended 

31 December 2020 
31 December 2019 

Within 1 year 
£m 

Within  
1-2 years 
£m 

Within 
2-3 years 
£m 

Within 
3-4 years 
£m 

Within 
4-5 years 
£m  

After 
5 years 
£m 

18.6 
19.5 

9.6 
11.0 

4.4 
4.5 

0.6 
0.9 

- 
- 

- 
- 

Finance lease receivables of £1.1m (2019: £1.4m) are due within one year.

2020 
Total 
£m
9.5
158.4
144.4
312.3

2019 
Total 
£m
10.1
80.8
146.9
237.8

Total £m

33.2
35.9

Financial risk management objectives 
The Board manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Group through internal risk reports which analyse exposures 
by degree and magnitude of risks. These risks include market risk (including currency risk, fair value interest rate risk and price risk), 
credit risk, liquidity risk and capital risk. The Group does not enter into or trade financial instruments (including derivative financial 
instruments) for speculative purposes. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counter party will default on its contractural obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. The 
Group is exposed to credit risk on its financial assets which consist of cash balances with banks, and trade and other receivables to 
the extent that settlement is cash-related.

Foreign currency risk management 
The Group undertakes certain transactions denominated in foreign currencies, hence exposures to exchange rate fluctuations arise. 
Foreign exchange risk arises as a result of having monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-Sterling balances. Exchange 
rate exposures are managed within approved policy parameters utilising natural hedges where appropriate.

The carrying amount of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at the reporting date is 
as follows:

Euro 

Assets

Liabilities

Group 
2020 
£m 
1.1 

2019 

£m 
2.2 

Group 
2020 
£m 
6.2 

2019 

£m
8.8

The majority of the Group’s business is carried out in sterling. However for the limited number of transactions in foreign currency 
the Group is mainly exposed to Euros. The following table details the Group’s sensitivity on financial assets and liabilities to a 10% 
change in pounds sterling against the respective foreign currency. 10% is the rate used when reporting foreign currency risk 
internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the possible change in foreign exchange 
rates. The sensitivity analysis of the Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk at the reporting date has been determined based on 
the change taking place at the beginning of the financial year and held constant throughout the reporting period.

Financial assets 
Financial liabilities 

2020 
£m 
+10% 
change 
(0.1) 
(0.6) 

2020 
£m 
-10% 
change 
0.1 
0.7 

2019 
£m 
+10%  
change 
(0.2) 
(0.8) 

2019 
£m 
-10% 
change
0.2 
1.0 

Interest price risk 
This risk results from financial instruments bearing fixed interest rates; changes in floating interest rates therefore affect the fair 
value of these fixed rate financial instruments. The Group has no debt subject to fixed interest rates and is, therefore, not exposed to 
interest price risk. 

Interest cash flow risk 
This risk results from financial instruments bearing floating interest rates. Changes in floating interest rates affect cash flows on 
interest receivable or payable. The Group is exposed to interest rate risk on its floating rate debt, namely all loans and borrowings. 
The interest rate exposure of the Group is managed within the constraints of the Group’s business plan and the financial covenants 
under its revolving credit facilities.

Interest rate risk management
The sensitivity analysis below have been determined based on the exposure to changes in interest rates at the reporting date and 
stipulated change taking place at the beginning of the financial year and held constant throughout the reporting period. Based 
on historical experience, a 50 basis point change is used when reporting interest risk internally to the Board and represents the 
Board’s assessment of the possible change in interest rates. Interest rate risk is the risk that a change in interest rates adversely 
effects the Group’s performance or ability to settle financial obligations and comprises two elements. 

Group 
2020 
£m 
0.5 

2019 
£m
0.7  

Market risk 
The Group has exposures to the following risks inherent in its financial instruments.

Profit or loss and equity 

A decrease of 50 basis points has an equal and opposite effect to that disclosed above.   

164       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       165

Credit risk management 
Trade receivables are spread across a large number of counterparties across the UK and Ireland. The Group does not have any 
significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty or any group of counterparties having similar characteristics. The credit 
risk on liquid funds and derivative financial instruments is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit-ratings 
assigned by international credit-rating agencies. 

The carrying amount of financial assets recorded in the Financial Statements, net of any allowances for losses, represents the 
Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk.

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
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Company 
2020 
£m 
 0.5    
 0.4    
0.9  

Company 
2020 
£m 
0.5 
0.4 
0.1 
(0.1) 
0.9  

2019 
£m
0.7 
0.4 
1.1

2019 
£m
0.7 
0.4 
0.1 
(0.1)
1.1 

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

22. Financial instruments (continued)

Liquidity risk management 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. Ultimate responsibility for 
liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors, which has built an appropriate liquidity risk management framework for 
the management of the Group’s short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity management requirements. The Group manages 
liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities by continuously monitoring 
forecast and actual cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. At the year-end the Group is in 
a net current assets position of £19.2m (2019: net current liabilities of £74.1m) and has more than sufficient headroom available on 
the Group’s working capital facility to draw down long-term repayable funds into available cash to ensure that all current liabilities 
can be met in-line with their contractual maturities.   

The following table details the Group’s and the Company’s remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities. 
The tables below have been drawn up based on the undiscounted contractual maturities of the financial liabilities including interest 
that will accrue to those liabilities except where the Group is entitled and intends to repay the liability before its maturity.

22. Financial instruments (continued) 

Details of the Company’s lease liabilities are as follows:

Total lease liabilities 
Current 
Non-current 

Lease liabilities repayable: 
Less than one year 
More than one year and not more than two years 
More than two years and not more than five years 
(Less): interest allocated to future years 

2020 
Bank overdraft and loans 
Total lease liabilities 
Vehicle rental finance liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

2019
Bank overdraft and loans 
Total lease liabilities 
Vehicle rental finance liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Less than 
1 year 
£m 
116.9 
19.1 
55.4 
819.8 
1,011.2 

119.4 
20.1 
62.2 
1,192.1 
1,393.8 

Over 
1 year 
£m 
166.8 
187.5 
32.5 
- 
386.8 

90.4 
192.4 
35.0 
- 
317.8 

Total 

£m
283.7
206.6 
87.9
819.8
1,398.0

209.8
212.5 
97.2
1,192.1
1,711.6

Included within the analysis above are balances relating to consignment stock where the liability is contractually due for payment 
when the related vehicle is adopted by the Group. Adoption usually occurs for the purpose of selling the vehicle to the end customer 
at which point the cash outflow in respect of the liability matches the cash inflow from the sale. 

An analysis of the Company’s borrowings is as follows:

Current 
Bank overdrafts 

Non-current 
Secured bank loans 

Bank loans and overdrafts repayable 
Less than one year 
More than one year and not more than two years 
More than two years and not more than five years 
More than five years 

Details of the Company’s RCF borrowings are as per the analysis for the Group position.

Company 
2020 
£m 
36.5 

2019 
£m
40.6

 158.4    
194.9  

81.4 
122.0 

Company 
2020 
£m 
 36.5    
 158.4    
 -    
 -    
194.9  

2019 
£m
40.6 
-
81.4 
-
122.0 

Capital risk management 
The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the 
return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The Group’s overall strategy remains unchanged 
since the prior year.

The capital structure of the Group consists of cash and cash equivalents, debt and borrowings, and equity holders of the parent, 
comprising issued share capital, share premium, a capital redemption reserve and retained earnings. The Group is not subject to any 
externally imposed capital requirements.

The Board reviews the capital structure on a semi-annual basis. As part of this review, the Board considers the cost of capital and 
the risks associated with each class of capital.  

Gearing ratio 
The gearing ratio at the year-end is as follows: 

Total borrowings excluding lease and leasing liabilities 
Cash at bank and in hand 
Net debt 
Total equity 
Net debt to equity ratio 

Group 
2020 
£m 
 283.7   
(243.0)  
40.7  
282.4 
14.4% 

2019 
£m
209.8  
(150.3) 
59.5  
310.6  
19.2%

Debt is defined as long-term and short-term borrowings as detailed above. In accordance with sector practice and the Group’s 
accounting policy, stocking loans are included as trade and other payables. Equity includes all capital and reserves of the Group that 
are managed as capital. 

The gearing ratio inclusive of lease and leasing liabilities is as follows:

Net debt (including lease and vehicle rental liabilities) 
Total equity 
Net debt (including lease and vehicle rental liabilities) to equity ratio 

Group 
2020 

£m 
273.0 
282.4 
96.7% 

2019 
(restated) 
£m
303.6
310.6 
97.7%

166       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       167

   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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23. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is calculated in full on temporary differences under the liability method using a tax rate of 19% (2019: 17%) and 
movements in the year are as follows:

Group 
2020 
£m 
34.0  
6.5 
(7.3) 
33.2  

2019 
£m 
33.0  
(0.2) 
1.2  
34.0  

Intangible 
assets 
£m 
18.0  
2.0 
20.0 

Accelerated 
tax 
depreciation 
£m 
27.3  
2.0 
29.3 

Share 
options 
£m 
(0.2) 
0.2  
- 
- 

Employee 
benefits 
£m 
(9.7) 
1.9 
(7.3) 
(15.1) 

Company 
2020 
£m 
(9.5) 
1.9 
(6.6) 
(14.2) 

Capital 
gains 
£m 
4.1  
(0.6) 
3.5 

Provisions 
£m 
(1.2) 
0.9  
- 
(0.3) 

As at 1 January 
Charged/(credited) to the Income Statement 
(Credited)/charged to Other Comprehensive Income 
As at 31 December 

Group 

Deferred tax liabilities: 
As at 1 January 2020 
Movement in year via income statement 
As at 31 December 2020 

Deferred tax assets: 
As at 1 January 2020 
Movement in year via income statement 
Movement in year via statement of other comprehensive income 
As at 31 December 2020 

Leases 
£m 
(4.3) 
0.1 
- 
(4.2) 

Net deferred tax liability: 
As at 1 January 2020 
As at 31 December 2020 

Company 

Deferred tax assets: 
As at 1 January 2020 
Movement in year via income statement 
Movement in year via statement of other comprehensive income 
As at 31 December 2020 

Accelerated 
tax depreciation 
£m 
0.5  
- 
- 
0.5  

Share 
options 
£m 
(0.3) 
0.3  
- 
-  

Employee 
benefits 
£m 
(9.6) 
1.6  
(6.6) 
(14.6) 

Provisions 
£m 
(0.1) 
- 
- 
(0.1) 

2019 
£m
(12.2)
1.5
1.2
(9.5)

Total 
£m
49.4 
3.4 
52.8

Total 
£m
(15.4)
3.1 
(7.3)
(19.6)

34.0 
33.2 

Total 
£m
(9.5)
1.9 
(6.6)
(14.2)

The Board are satisfied with the recognition of a deferred tax asset in the Company due to the probability of future taxable profits 
becoming available.

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24. Share capital 

Group and Company 
Authorised: 
Ordinary shares of 5p each 

Allotted, called up and fully paid: 
As at 1 January 
Allotted under share option schemes 
As at 31 December 

All ordinary shares rank equally and have the same rights attached.

25. Share-based compensation

2020 
Shares 

£m 

2019 
Shares

£m 

480,000,000  

 24.0  

480,000,000  

24.0

390,138,374  
-  
390,138,374  

 19.5  
 -    
19.5  

389,038,358  
1,100,016  
390,138,374  

19.4
 0.1
19.5

The Company has a share option scheme for all employees of the Group and an Executive share option scheme (ESOS).  

Employee ShareSave Scheme 
The Employee ShareSave scheme is available to all eligible employees and is based on Save As You Earn (SAYE) savings contracts 
with options exercisable within a period from the conclusion of a three year term as appropriate from the date of grant. Under the 
terms and conditions of this scheme, for every month (up to no more than six months) an employee fails to contribute the agreed 
monthly amount determined under the rules of the scheme, the last date exercisable will be delayed by one month. 

Details of the Employee ShareSave Scheme options outstanding during the year are as follows:

Outstanding at the beginning of the year 
Granted during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Cancelled during the year 
Forfeited during the year 
Lapsed during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 

2020  Weighted average 
exercise price 

Number of  
share options 
 2,667,221  
 7,944,257  
 -    
  (604,103) 
 (2,185,036) 
  (211,956) 
  7,610,383  

Number of 
(in £)  share options 
 0.90   11,265,412  
- 
 0.40  
(2,080) 
 -    
(8,024,206) 
1.04  
(154,161) 
 0.55  
(417,744) 
 0.48  
2,667,221  
 0.48  

2019  Weighted average 
exercise price 
(in £)
0.91 
-
0.86 
0.89 
0.89 
1.32 
0.90 

Options granted in the year ended 31 December 2020 have a weighted average exercise price of 40 pence and have been issued 
with a fair value calculated as 10p (2019: no issue). No options were granted in 2019. The options outstanding at 31 December 
2020 have an exercise price in the range of 40 pence to 87 pence and a weighted average contractual life of 20 months  
(2019: range of 84 pence to £1.07 and a weighted average contractual life of 24 months). All share options are settled via equity.

168       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       169

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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25. Share-based compensation (continued)

26. Pensions 

Executive Share Option Scheme (ESOS LTIPs)
The Executive Share option scheme was available to all eligible senior management of the Group. Options are exercisable at the 
nominal share value and the vesting period is three years. If the options remain unexercised after a period of ten years from the date 
of grant the options expire. 

The Group operates three defined benefit pension schemes, The Lookers Pension Plan (operated by Lookers plc company), The 
Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan and the Benfield Group Pension Plan. The summary of the assets, liabilities and surplus or 
deficits of these schemes are summarised below. The Group’s risk management strategy for pension liabilities is summarised on 
page 31 within the Strategic Review section. 

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Details of the Executive Share option Scheme options outstanding during the year are as follows:

Outstanding at the beginning of the year 
Granted during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Cancelled during the year 
Forfeited during the year 
Lapsed during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 

2020  Weighted average 
exercise price 

Number of  
share options 
 3,872,442  
 -    
 -    
 -    

 (411,786) 

 -    
 3,460,656  

Number of 
(in £)  share options 
0.00  
0.00  
0.00  
0.00  
0.00  
0.00  
0.00  

6,376,480  
2,216,058  
(1,012,419) 
- 
(3,707,677) 
- 
3,872,442  

2019  Weighted average 
exercise price 
(in £)
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00

The weighted average option price at the date of exercise for share options exercised during the period was £nil (2019: £nil). The 
options granted in the year ended 31 December 2019 were issued with a fair value calculated as 82p. The options outstanding at 
31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 had a weighted average exercise price of £nil and a weighted average contractual life 
of 8 months (2019: 11 months). 

The estimate of the fair value of the services received in respect of share option schemes is measured using the Black-Scholes 
option pricing model. The inputs into the Black-Scholes model are as follows: 

Expected volatility 
Expected life 
Risk-free rate 
Expected dividend yields 

2020 
36% - 50% 
3 years 
0.02% 
 1.00% - 4.00% 

2019
36%
3 years
0.02%
4.00%

Volatility was measured by reference to the changes in the Company’s share price between 1 January 2015 and 1 March 2020.

The total share based payment charge recorded in the year ended 31 December 2020 was £0.8m (2019: £1.4m).

During the previous year the Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan merged with the Lookers Pension Plan. Some assets were 
retained in the Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan to cover any remaining scheme liabilities and associated costs with closing the 
scheme.

Defined benefit obligation 
Scheme assets 
(Deficit) 
Amounts recognised in the income statement 
Actuarial (losses)/gains recognised in the statement of  
comprehensive income 
Cumulative fair value losses on actuarial movements  

Defined benefit obligation 
Scheme assets 
(Deficit)/surplus 
Amounts recognised in the income statement 
Actuarial gains recognised in the statement of  
comprehensive income 
Cumulative fair value losses on actuarial movements  

The Lookers 
Pension Plan 
2020 
£m 
(322.0) 
245.0  
(77.0) 
2.6  

The Dutton Forshaw 
Group Pension Plan 
2020 
£m 
- 
-  
-  
0.1  

The Benfield 
Pension Plan 
2020 
£m 
(15.8) 
13.5  
(2.3) 
-  

Total 
2020 
£m
(337.8)
258.5 
(79.3)
2.7 

(30.9) 
(41.4) 

0.3  
0.3  

(1.9) 
(2.9) 

(32.5)
(44.0)

The Lookers 
Pension Plan 
2019 
£m 
(283.1) 
226.4  
(56.7) 
2.8  

The Dutton Forshaw 
Group Pension Plan 
2019 
£m 
(2.7) 
4.4  
1.7  
0.1  

The Benfield 
Pension Plan 
2019 
£m 
(14.2) 
13.5  
(0.7) 
-  

Total 
2019 
£m
(300.0)
244.3 
(55.7)
2.9 

6.8  
(10.5) 

0.1  
-  

0.2  
(1.0) 

7.1 
(11.5)

The Lookers Pension Plan - Group and Company   
“The Lookers Pension Plan”, provides benefits based on final pensionable salary and is administered by Aon Hewitt Limited. The 
scheme has been registered with the Registrar of Pensions. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Group, 
being held in separate funds by the Trustees of the Lookers Pension Plan. 

A valuation update was made as at 31 December 2020 by a qualified independent actuary, using the projected unit credit method 
to take account of the IAS 19 (Revised) requirements. Scheme liabilities have been calculated using a consistent projected unit 
valuation method and compared to the scheme’s assets at their 31 December market value. The assets of the scheme are held 
separately from those of the Employer. The value of the insured pensions (£3.4m) is omitted from both assets and liabilities below for 
clarity.

Fair value and major categories of assets: 

Equities 
Target return funds 
Corporate bonds 
Cash 
Total fair value of assets 

Market value 
2020 
£m 
27.9 
108.0 
105.4 
3.7 
245.0  

Plan % 
2020 
11.4 
44.1  
43.0  
1.5  
100.0  

Market value  
2019 
£m 
36.7 
84.4 
56.6 
48.7 
226.4  

Plan % 
2019
16.2
37.3 
25.0 
21.5 
100.0

None of the equity assets of the scheme are held in quoted investments. For those assets that are not quoted, excluding cash, the 
investments are valued on a daily basis by the investment managers.

170       |       Financial Statements

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Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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26. Pensions (continued) 

Amounts recognised in the income statement: 

Non investment expenses 
Finance costs on obligation 
Finance income 
Past service cost 
Total defined benefit expense 

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation: 

Opening defined benefit obligation 
Finance costs 
Actuarial losses 
Past service cost 
Bulk transfer from the Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan 
Benefits paid 
Total defined benefit obligation 

2020 
£m 
1.3 
5.8  
(4.7) 
0.2  
2.6  

2020 
£m 
283.1  
5.8  
44.8  
0.2  
2.9  
(14.8) 
322.0  

2019 
£m
0.9
7.7 
(5.8)
-
2.8 

2019 
£m
271.2
7.7
15.0 
-
-
(10.8)
283.1

Demographic changes was a gain of £nil (2019: £3.1m), other actuarial experience from financial assumptions was a loss of £44.8m 
(2019: £29.0m) with an experience gain of £nil (2019: £10.9m).   

Changes in the fair value of scheme assets: 

Opening fair value of scheme assets 
Finance income 
Actuarial gains 
Contributions 
Bulk transfer from the Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan 
Benefits paid 
Non investment expenses 
Closing fair value of scheme assets 

2020 
£m 
226.4  
4.7  
13.9  
11.3  
4.8  
(14.8) 
(1.3) 
245.0  

2019 
£m
201.8
5.8
21.8 
8.7 
-
(10.8)
(0.9)
226.4 

None of the scheme’s assets were invested in Lookers plc or property occupied by Lookers plc. The Group made contributions 
of £11.3m in 2020 (2019: £8.7m) to fund accruing pensions and expects to maintain a similar level of pension contributions in the 
future to fund current service costs and deficit repayments. 

Since the defined benefit scheme is closed to future accrual there is no funding required for future service, the funding required will 
be in relation to any current deficit and highly dependent on the future performance of the fund. Any agreed contributions will be 
reconsidered at each triennial valuation. 

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26. Pensions (continued) 

The most recent triennial valuation of the Lookers Pension Plan was carried out as at 31 March 2019. This was agreed between 
the trustees and the Group in December 2020 and includes annual contributions of £12.0m, subject to annual inflation increases 
and continuing over the recovery period of 7 years and 10 months. By funding the defined benefit pension scheme, the Group 
is exposed to the risk that the cost of meeting its obligations is higher than anticipated. This could occur for several reasons, for 
example: 

• Investment returns on the schemes’ assets may be lower than anticipated, especially if falls in asset values are not matched by    
  similar falls in the value of the schemes’ liabilities;   

• The level of price inflation may be higher than that assumed, resulting in higher payments from the schemes; 

• Scheme members may live longer than assumed, for example due to advances in healthcare. Members may also exercise (or not   
  exercise) options in a way that leads to increases in the schemes’ liabilities, for example through early retirement or commutation of  
  pension for cash, and; 

• Legislative changes could also lead to an increase in the schemes’ liabilities. 

The trustees investment objectives and the processes undertaken to measure and manage the risks inherent in the scheme 
investment strategy are documented in the scheme’s Statement of Investment Principles. The trustees and the Group review the 
investment strategy at the time of each funding valuation, with informal reviews carried out during the period between valuations. 
The trustees review the investment strategy based on professional advice from their investment advisors. The strategy determines 
the proportion of assets which are growth or matching assets and what policy is to be followed to hedge against increases in 
interest rates and inflation. It also considers the funding level of the scheme and the point at which a de-risking strategy might be 
appropriate. The risks that may be applicable to the investment strategy are primarily that investment returns on the scheme’s assets 
may be lower than anticipated, especially if falls in asset values are not matched by similar falls in the value of the schemes’ liabilities. 
The average duration of the defined benefit obligation at 31 December 2020 is 17 years (2019: 17 years). 

Actuarial assumptions 
Discount rate 
Price inflation 
Future pension increases 
Life expectancy at age 65 for: 
  current pensioners - males 
  current pensioners - females 
  future pensioners - males 
  future pensioners - females 

2020 
1.30% 
2.30%-2.90% 
2.20%-2.85% 

2019
2.10%
1.90%-2.90%
1.80%-2.85%

87.0 
88.7 
87.4 
89.5 

86.7 
88.7 
87.2 
89.5   

The table below gives a broad indication of the impact on the scheme valuation for changes in the key assumptions: 

Change in assumption 
Reduce discount rate by 0.1% p.a. 
Increase inflation assumptions by 0.1% p.a. 
Change mortality assumptions to SAPS SINA (-1 year) CMI 2011 (1%) 

       Approximate impact on current deficit
(2019 +£4.8m) 
(2019 +£3.7m) 
(2019 +£11.3m)

+5.4m 
+£4.2m 
+£14.5m 

A change in more than one of these assumptions in the same direction would clearly have a more significant and potentially 
materially adverse impact on the deficit of the scheme.

172       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       173

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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26. Pensions (continued) 

The Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan - Group   
“The Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan”, provides benefits based on final pensionable salary and is administered by Aon Hewitt 
Limited. The scheme has been registered with the Registrar of Pensions. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those 
of the Group, being held in separate funds by the Trustees of the Dutton Forshaw Group Pension Plan. 

A valuation update was made as at 31 December 2020 by a qualified independent actuary, using a projected unit credit method 
to take account of the IAS 19 (Revised) requirements. Scheme liabilities have been calculated using a consistent projected unit 
valuation method and compared to the scheme’s assets at their 31 December market value. 

Fair value and major categories of assets of the scheme: 

Corporate bonds 
Cash 
Total fair value of assets 

All assets excluding cash are unquoted investments.  

Amounts recognised in the Income Statement: 

Non investment expenses 
Finance costs 
Finance income 
Total defined benefit expenses 

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation: 

Opening defined benefit obligation 
Finance costs 
Actuarial losses 
Bulk transfer to the Lookers Pension Plan 
Benefits paid 
Closing defined benefit obligation 

Financial changes was a loss of £0.2m (2019: £0.1m). 

Changes in the fair value of scheme assets: 

Opening fair value of scheme assets 
Finance income 
Actuarial gains 
Bulk transfer to the Lookers Pension Plan 
Benefits paid 
Non investment expenses 
Closing fair value of scheme assets 

Market value  
2020 
£m 
-  
- 
- 

Plan % 
2020 
-    
-    
-    

Market value 
2019 
£m 
2.5  
1.9  
4.4  

Plan % 
2019
57.1 
42.9 
100.0 

2020 
£m 
0.1 
- 
-  
0.1  

2020 
£m 
2.7  
- 
0.2  
(2.9) 
-  
-  

2020 
£m 
4.4  
-  
0.5  
(4.8) 
-  
(0.1) 
-  

2019 
£m
0.1 
0.1 
(0.1)
0.1 

2019 
£m
2.8
0.1
0.1 
- 
(0.3)
2.7 

2019 
£
4.5
0.1
0.2 
- 
(0.3)
(0.1)
4.4 

26. Pensions (continued) 

Actuarial assumptions 

Discount rate 
Price inflation 
Future pension increases 
Life expectancy at age 65 for: 
  current pensioners - males 
  current pensioners - females 
  future pensioners - males 
  future pensioners - females 

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2020 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 

N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 

2019
2.10%
1.90%-2.90%
2.85%

86.7 
88.7 
87.3 
89.4 

The table below gives a broad indication of the impact on the scheme valuation for changes in the key assumptions: 

Change in assumption                                                                                                              Approximate impact on current surplus 
(2019 + £negligible)
Reduce discount rate by 0.1% p.a. 
(2019 + £negligible)
Increase inflation assumptions by 0.1% p.a. 
(2019 + £0.1m)
Change mortality assumptions to SAPS SINA (-1 year) CMI 2011 (1%) 

N/A 
N/A 
N/A 

A change in more than one of these assumptions in the same direction would clearly have a more significant and potentially 
materially adverse impact on the surplus of the scheme.

The Benfield Group Pension Plan - Group 
“The Benfield Motor Group Pension Plan” provides benefits based on final pensionable salary. The Plan, which is a funded scheme, 
is administered by Deloitte. The scheme has been registered with the Registrar of Pensions. The assets of the scheme are held 
separately from those of the Group, being held in separate funds by the Trustees of the Benfield Motor Group Pension Plan. 

A valuation update was made as at 31 December 2020 by a qualified independent actuary to take account of the IAS 19 
requirements. Scheme liabilities have been calculated using a consistent projected unit valuation method and compared to the 
scheme’s assets at their 31 December market value.  

Fair value and major categories of assets of the scheme: 

Equities 
Corporate bonds 
Cash 
Total fair value of assets 

All assets excluding cash are unquoted investments.  

Amounts recognised in the Income Statement: 

Non investment expenses 
Finance costs 
Finance income 
Total defined benefit expenses 

Market value  
2020 
£m 
6.2 
7.2 
0.1 
13.5  

Plan % 
2020 
46.2 
53.3 
0.5  
100.0  

Market value 
2019 
£m 
9.1 
4.2 
0.2 
13.5  

Plan % 
2019
67.6
31.2
1.2
100.0 

2020 
£m 
- 
0.3 
(0.3) 
- 

2020 
£m 
14.2  
0.3 
1.8  
(0.5) 
15.8  

2019 
£m
- 
0.3 
(0.3)
-

2019 
£m
12.6
0.3
2.0 
(0.7)
14.2

The Group contributed an additional £nil in 2020 (2019: £nil) to fund accruing pensions and expects to make no pension 
contributions in 2021 following the transfer of the remaining assets and liabilities to the Lookers Pension Plan in 2020.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation: 

Opening defined benefit obligation 
Finance costs 
Actuarial losses 
Benefits paid 
Closing defined benefit obligation 

174       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       175

Demographic changes was a gain of £nil (2019: £0.2m), other actuarial experience from financial assumptions was a loss of £1.8m 
(2019: £1.5m) with an experience loss of £nil (2019: £0.7m). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

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26. Pensions (continued) 

Changes in the fair value of scheme assets: 

Opening fair value of scheme assets 
Finance income 
Actuarial (losses)/gains 
Contributions by employer 
Benefits paid 
Closing fair value of scheme assets 

2020 
£m 
13.5  
0.3  
(0.1) 
0.3  
(0.5) 
13.5  

2019 
£m
11.4
0.3
2.2
0.3 
(0.7)
13.5 

The Group made contributions of £0.3m (2019: £0.3m) during the year and expect to make a similar level of contributions in the 
future to fund current service costs and deficit repayments. 

Since the defined benefit scheme is closed to future accrual there is no funding required for future service, the funding required will 
be in relation to any current deficit and highly dependent on the future performance of the fund. Any agreed contributions will be 
reconsidered at each triennial valuation.

The most recent actuarial valuation of the Benfield Group Pension Plan was carried out as at 31 March 2019. This was agreed 
between the trustees and the Group. Contributions of £0.3m were made to the plan in 2020. No administrative expenses are 
currently required to be made to the Plan. By funding the defined benefit pension scheme, the Group is exposed to the risk that the 
cost of meeting its obligations is higher than anticipated. This could occur for several reasons, for example: 

• Investment returns on the scheme’s assets may be lower than anticipated, especially if falls in asset values are not matched by     
  similar falls in the value of the schemes’ liabilities; 

• The level of price inflation may be higher than that assumed, resulting in higher payments from the schemes; 

26. Pensions (continued) 

Actuarial assumptions 

Discount rate 
Price inflation 
Future pension increases 
Life expectancy at age 65 for: 
  current pensioners - males 
  current pensioners - females 
  future pensioners - males 
  future pensioners - females 

S
t
a
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e
m
e
n
t
s

2020 
1.30% 
2.30%-2.90%  
2.85% 

2019
2.10% 
1.90%-2.90% 
2.85% 

87.0  
88.7  
87.9  
89.9  

86.7  
88.7  
87.9  
89.9 

The table below gives a broad indication of the impact on the scheme valuation for changes in the key assumptions: 

Change in assumption                                                                                                              Approximate impact on current deficit
Reduce discount rate by 0.1% p.a. 
Increase inflation assumptions by 0.1% p.a. 
Change mortality assumptions to SAPS SINA (-1 year) CMI 2011 (1%) 
A change in more than one of these assumptions in the same direction would clearly have a more significant and potentially 
materially adverse impact on the deficit of the scheme. 

(2019 + £0.2m) 
(2019 + £0.1m) 
(2019 + £0.6m) 

+£0.2m 
+£0.1m 
+£0.7m 

Defined contribution scheme 
The Group and Company provide pension arrangements for certain Directors and employees under defined contribution schemes 
and have a defined contribution Stakeholder Pension Scheme for employees. The Income Statement account charge for the year in 
respect of defined contribution schemes was £5.6m (2019: £4.8m).

• Scheme members may live longer than assumed, for example due to advances in healthcare. Members may also exercise (or not  
  exercise) options in a way that leads to increases in the schemes’ liabilities, for example through early retirement or commutation of  
  pension for cash, and;

27. Subsequent events 

• Legislative changes could also lead to an increase in the scheme’s liabilities. 

The trustees investment objectives and the processes undertaken to measure and manage the risks inherent in the scheme 
investment strategy are documented in the scheme’s Statement of Investment Principles. The trustees and the Group review the 
investment strategy at the time of each funding valuation, with informal reviews carried out during the period between valuations. 
The trustees review the investment strategy based on professional advice from their investment advisors. The strategy determines 
the proportion of assets which are growth or matching assets and what policy is to be followed to hedge against increases in 
interest rates and inflation. It also considers the funding level of the scheme and the point at which a de-risking strategy might be 
appropriate. The risks that may be applicable to the investment strategy are primarily that investment returns on the scheme’s assets 
may be lower than anticipated, especially if falls in asset values are not matched by similar falls in the value of the schemes’ liabilities. 
The average duration of the defined benefit obligation at 31 December 2020 is 15 years (2019: 15 years).

COVID-19 
On 4 January 2021 a third national lockdown was implemented. The business has been able to continue to operate with pre-
booked aftersales service being provided supplemented by new and used car sales activity being carried out via Click & Drive.  
This activity has continued in earnest up to 12 April 2021 when all of the Group’s dealerships fully re-opened and began  
trading normally. The Board continues to consider the effects of COVID-19 as being within its underlying activities. 

FCA regulatory matters 
On 2 March 2021 the Group announced that the FCA had advised the Board of its decision to close the investigation against 
Lookers Motor Group Limited, the Group’s FCA regulated entity, for the possible mis-selling of regulated products, and associated 
issues relating to potential customer detriment. In closing the case, the FCA further advised the Board that it did not intend to use 
its statutory powers to apply any sanctions against the Group in relation to the matters under investigation. As the investigation 
specifically covers the period from January 2016 to June 2019, the Group is satisfied that the FCA confirmation represents an 
adjusting event after the balance sheet date as this provides evidence that there was not an obligating event and have therefore 
released the £10.4m provision into non-underlying items in the year ended 31 December 2020.

Banking facilities 
In May 2021 the Group successfully renegotiated its revolving credit facilities with its existing Banking Club for an initial amount of 
£150m with an extension to September 2023. The amended facilities include core leverage, interest cover and EBITDA covenants 
which are tested on a quarterly basis commencing 30 June 2021.

176       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       177

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020

28. Related party transactions 

30. Reconciliation of Alternative Performance Measures 

The following table provides the total amount of transactions that have been entered into with related parties for the relevant 
financial year: 

Sales to 
related 
parties  
£m 

Purchases from 
from related 
parties 
£m 

Amounts  
owed by 
related 
parties £m  

Amounts 
owed to 
related 
parties £m

Key management personnel of the Group: 
Other Director interests: 

2020 
2019 

 -    
 0.9  

 0.1  
 0.4  

 -    
 - 

 -  
-

During both the years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019, Group companies made purchases at market prices 
from Bramall Properties Limited. During the year ended 31 December 2019, Group companies made sales at market prices to 
Winterquay Limited, Bramall Properties Limited and Vantage Motor Group Limited. These are considered to be related parties due 
to them having directors common to those of Lookers plc.

Details of key management remuneration are shown in Note 5.

29. Ultimate controlling party 

There is no controlling party of the Company’s share capital.

The Group uses a number of Alternative Performance Measures (APM) which are non-IFRS measures in establishing their financial 
performance. Like for Like is the collection of dealerships and other trading businesses that have both a full year of trading activity 
in the current year and prior year. The Group believes the APM provide useful, historical financial information to assist investors 
and other stakeholders to evaluate the performance of the business and are measures commonly used by certain investors for 
evaluating the performance of the Group. In particular, the Group uses APM which reflect the underlying performance on the 
basis that this provides users of the Financial Statements with additional useful information to better assess the core business 
performance of the Group. Details of the definitions of APM are made within the Glossary on pages 181 to 182. A reconciliation of 
the statutory measures to the APM is set out below:  

Like-for-like revenue 
Revenue (£m) 
Less: Non like-for-like revenue 
Like-for-like revenue (£m) 

Gross profit margin 
Revenue (£m) 
Gross profit (£m) 
Gross profit margin (%) 

EBITDA and underlying EBITDA
Operating profit/(loss) (£m) 
Add: Depreciation (£m) - Note 3 
Add: Amortisation (£m) - Note 3 
EBITDA (£m) 
Add: Non-underlying items (£m) - Note 4 
Underlying EBITDA (£m) 

Underlying operating profit (£m) 
Operating profit/(loss) (£m) 
Add: Non-underlying items (£m) - Note 4 
Underlying operating profit (£m) 

Underlying profit before tax and underlying basic EPS 
Profit/(loss) before tax (£m) 
Add: Non-underlying items (£m) - Note 4 
Underlying profit before tax (£m) 
Tax rate (%) 
Underlying tax (£m) - Note 9 
Underlying profit after tax (£m) 
Weighted average number of shares in issue - Note 9 
Underlying basic EPS (p) 

Property portfolio and property portfolio by share  
Property, plant and equipment (£m) 
Less: Other property, plant and equipment (£m) - Note 12 
Less: Motor vehicles (£m) - Note 12 
Property portfolio (£m) 
Share capital at 31 December - Note 24 
Property portfolio per share (p) 

Net debt excluding lease liabilities and rental vehicle finance liabilities 
Bank loans and overdrafts (£m) 
Less: Cash and cash equivalents (£m) 
Net debt (£m) 

2020 

3,699.9 
(52.1) 
3,647.8 

3,699.9 
411.0 
11.1% 

30.9 
51.2 
4.8 
86.9 
12.1 
99.0 

30.9  
12.1 
43.0 

2019 
(restated)
4,806.5
(225.6)
4,580.9

4,806.5
513.1
10.7%

(12.8)
52.3
6.1
45.6
49.7
95.3

(12.8)
49.7 
36.9

2.0  
12.1 
14.1 
19.0% 
(2.7) 
11.4 
390,138,374  
2.93  

399.9  
(31.2) 
(68.0) 
300.7 
390,138,374  
77.1  

(45.7)
49.7 
4.0
19.0%
(0.8)
3.2
 389,182,654 
0.83 

429.2 
(38.5)
(69.2)
321.5
 390,138,374 
82.4 

283.7  
(243.0) 
40.7 

209.8 
(150.3)
59.5

178       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       179

 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Franchise & Distribution Outlets

Glossary of terms

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Ford Transit Centre
Chelmsford
Colchester
Gateshead
Leeds
Middlesbrough
Sheffield

Honda
Orpington

Hyundai
Dundonald

Jaguar
Aston Clinton 
Belfast
Glasgow
West London

Jeep
Belfast

Kia
Belfast
Chester
Newcastle
Stockport

Land Rover
Aston Clinton 
Battersea
Belfast
Bishop’s Stortford
Chelmsford
Colchester
Glasgow North
Glasgow South
Lanarkshire
West London

Lexus
Belfast

Maserati
Belfast

Mercedes-Benz
Ashford
Brighton
Canterbury
Eastbourne
Gatwick
Maidstone
Shrewsbury
Stafford
Stoke-on-Trent
Stourbridge
Tonbridge
Walsall
Wolverhampton
Worcester

MINI
Crewe
Stafford
Stoke-on-Trent

Nissan
Belfast
Carlisle
Chester
Gateshead
Leeds
Newcastle
Newtownabbey
Newtownards

Peugeot
Belfast

Polestar
Manchester

Renault
Belfast
Carlisle
Chester
Newcastle
Newtownabbey
Newtownards
Stockport

Seat
Manchester
Stockport

Skoda
Guildford
Manchester
Newcastle
Stockport

Smart
Ashford
Brighton
Eastbourne
Gatwick
Maidstone
Shrewsbury
Stoke-on-Trent
Tonbridge
Wolverhampton
Worcester

Toyota
Belfast
Dundonald
Newtownabbey

Vauxhall
Belfast
Birmingham
Chester
Ellesmere Port
Lisburn
Liverpool
Newtownabbey
Portadown
Selly Oak
St Helens

Volkswagen
Blackburn
Blackpool
Carlisle
Darlington
Guildford
Battersea
Newcastle
Northallerton
Preston
Silverlink
Teesside
Walton-on-Thames

Volkswagen - CV
Glasgow
Guildford
Newcastle
Teesside

Volvo
Colchester
Glasgow
Stockport

Aston Martin
Belfast

Audi
Ayr 
Basingstoke 
Dublin
Farnborough 
Edinburgh 
Glasgow 
Guildford 
Hamilton
Newcastle 
Stirling 
Teesside 
Tyneside 
Wearside 

Bentley
Belfast

BMW
Crewe
Stafford
Stoke-on-Trent

Citroen
Belfast

Cupra
Stockport

Dacia
Belfast
Carlisle 
Chester 
Newcastle 
Newtownabbey
Newtownards
Stockport 

DS
Belfast

Ferrari
Belfast

Ford
Braintree
Chelmsford
Colchester
Gateshead
Leeds
Middlesbrough
Sheffield
South Shields
South Woodham 
Ferrers
Sudbury

Accident Repair Centres
Belfast  (+ CarsmeticNI)
Carluke
Chelmsford
Glasgow
Maidstone
Middlesbrough
Newcastle

Fleet Financial
Belfast

Lookers Leasing
Harrogate

Motorcycles
BMW - Belfast
Honda - Belfast
Yamaha - Belfast

Parts Centres
Belfast (+ PSA Parts Distribution)
Birmingham
Chelmsford
Gateshead
Ipswich
Middlesbrough
Preston
Sheffield

Service Centres
Jaguar Chelmsford
VW - Wimbledon

TPS
Edinburgh
Glasgow North
Glasgow South
Newcastle
Teesside

Tyres
Belfast - Boucher Road
Belfast - Sydenham Road

Used Car Supermarkets
Belfast
Budget Direct
Dublin
Dundonald
Lisburn
Newtownabbey
Newtownards
Portadown
Van Centre

Vehicle Rental Services
Beaconsfield

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Introduction 
In the reporting of the Financial Statements, the Directors have adopted various Alternative Performance Measures (APMs) of financial 
performance, position or cash flows other than those defined or specified under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 
These measures are not defined by IFRS and therefore may not be directly comparable with other companies’ APMs, including those in 
the Group’s industry. APMs should be considered in addition to IFRS measures and are not intended to be a substitute for IFRS 
measurements. 

Purpose 
The Directors believe that these APMs provide additional useful information on the underlying performance and position of the Group. 
APMs are also used to enhance the comparability of information between reporting periods by adjusting for irregularity factors which 
affect IFRS measures, to aid the user in understanding the Group’s performance. 

Consequently, APMs are used by the Directors and management for performance analysis, planning, reporting and incentive setting 
purposes.  The key APMs that the Group has focused on this period are as follows: 

Performance measure 

Definition 

Like-for-like (LFL) 

These are calculated where dealerships have contributed 
twelve months of revenue and profit contribution in both the 
current and comparative periods presented. 

Gross profit margin 

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue. 

Why we measure it 

To provide a consistent overview of 
comparative trading performance 

A measure of the significant revenue 
channels’ operational performance 

A key metric of the Group’s non-
underlying business performance. 

Relate to costs or incomes which are not incurred in the normal 
course of business or due to their size, nature and irregularity 
are not included in the assessment of financial performance in 
order to reflect management’s view of the core-trading 
performance of the Group. 

Operating profit before deducting depreciation and 
amortisation

A key metric of the Group’s underlying 
business performance

EBITDA before the impact of non-underlying items as defined 
above

A key metric of the Group’s non-
underlying business performance

Non-underlying items

Earnings before 
interest, depreciation 
and amortisation 
(EBITDA)

Underlying earnings 
before interest, 
depreciation and 
amortisation  
(underlying EBITDA)

Underlying operating 
profit 

Operating profit before the impact of non-underlying items as 
defined above.  

A key metric of the Group’s underlying 
business performance. 

Underlying profit before 
tax 

Profit before tax before the impact of non-underlying items as 
defined above.  

A key metric of the Group’s underlying 
business performance 

Profit after tax 

Profit after tax before the impact of non-underlying items as 
defined above. 

A key metric of the Group’s underlying 
business performance 

Underlying earnings per 
share (EPS)  

Earnings per share before the impact of non-underlying items 
as defined above.  

A key metric of the Group’s underlying 
business performance 

Net debt

Property portfolio 

New car unit sale

Bank loans and overdrafts less cash and cash equivalents. 
Lease liabilities, vehicle rental liabilities and stocking loans are 
not included in net debt. 

A measure of the Group’s net 
indebtedness that provides an indicator 
of the overall balance sheet strength 

The net book value of freehold and leasehold properties as at 
the balance sheet date. 

A key metric of the Group’s statement of 
financial position 

A new vehicle sale which has generated revenue for the Group.  A measure of statistical volumes and 
indicator of operational performance  

Used car unit sale 

Any vehicle sold that isn’t a new car unit sale.  

A measure of statistical volumes and 
indicator of operational performance 

180       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       181

 
Glossary of terms (continued)

Corporate information

Performance measure 

Definition 

Car parc 

The approximate number of vehicles on the UK road network. 

New car market 

Total number of annual new vehicle unit registrations made in 
the UK as defined by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and 
Traders (SMMT).  

Why we measure it 

A measure of the UK market size and 
indicator for growth opportunities 

A measure of the UK market size and 
indicator for growth opportunities 

New car market share 

The Group’s annual share of the new car market calculated as 
a percentage of the Group’s new car unit sales to the new car 
market size. 

Our relative performance against the 
UK market 

Details of the reconciliations of APMs to statutory measures are in Note 30 to the Financial Statements.  The ‘Code’ The UK Corporate 
Governance Code is a part of UK company law with a set of principles of good corporate governance aimed at companies listed on the 
London Stock Exchange. It is overseen by the Financial Reporting Council.  A copy is available at www.frc.org.uk

Financial PR Advisers
MHP Communications 
60 Great Portland Street 
London 
W1W 7RT

Bankers
National Westminster Bank Plc 
250 Bishopsgate 
London 
EC2M 4AA

Lloyds Bank Plc 
25 Gresham St 
London 
EC2V 7HN

Barclays Bank Plc 
3 Hardman Street 
Manchester 
M3 3HF

HSBC UK Bank Plc 
1 Centenary Square 
Birmingham 
B1 1HQ

Bank Of Ireland 
40 Mespil Road 
Dublin 4 
D04 C2N4 
Ireland 

Registered Office
Lookers plc 
3 Etchells Road 
West Timperley 
Altrincham 
WA14 5XS

Tel:  0161 291 0043

Email: CoSec@lookers.co.uk

Registrar
Link Group
10th floor
Central Square
29 Wellington Street
Leeds
LS1 4DL

Tel:  0371 664 0300  
overseas +44 371 664 0300.  

Email: enquiries@linkgroup.co.uk and  
www.linkgroup.eu

Auditor
BDO LLP 
3 Hardman Street 
Spinningfields 
Manchester 
M3 3AT

Corporate Brokers
Peel Hunt LLP 
100 Liverpool Street 
London  
EC2M 2AT

Numis Securities Ltd 
The London Stock Exchange Building 
10 Paternoster Square 
London 
EC4M 7LT

Solicitors 
Eversheds Sutherland Ltd
Eversheds House
70 Great Bridgewater Street
Manchester
M1 5ES

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP
100 Bishopsgate
London  
EC2P 2SR

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184       |       Financial Statements

Lookers plc Annual Report & Accounts 2020       |       185