UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 OR ¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Commission file number 1-14180 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. (Exact name of registrant specified in the charter) Jurisdiction of incorporation: Delaware IRS identification number: 87-0748324 565 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10017 (Address of principal executive offices) Telephone: (212) 697-1105 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common stock, $.01 par value Name of each exchange on which registered NASDAQ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Indicate by check mark if the registrant is well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the securities Exchange act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ no ¨ indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to rule 405 of regulation s-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ no ¨ indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to item 405 of regulation s-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in part iii of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10- K. Yes þ no ¨ indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, and accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. see the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in ruler 12b-2 of the Exchange act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ¨ accelerated filer þ non-accelerated filer ¨ smaller reporting company ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange act rule 12b-2 of the act). Yes ¨ no þ at February 17, 2017, 21,427,078 shares of the registrant’s voting common stock and 9,505,673 shares of the registrant’s non-voting common stock were outstanding. as of June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the common stock, the only common equity of the registrant currently issued and outstanding, held by non- affiliates of the registrant, was approximately $448,782,710 indicate by a check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the securities Exchange act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes þ no ¨ portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for its 2017 annual Meeting of stockholders, which is to be filed subsequent to the date hereof, are incorporated by reference into part iii of this annual report on Form 10-K. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE L ORAL SPACE AND COMMUNICATIONS INC. INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 PART I item 1: Business item 1a: risk Factors item 1B: Unresolved staff Comments item 2: properties item 3: Legal proceedings item 4: Mine safety Disclosures item 5: Market for registrant’s Common Equity, related stockholder Matters and issuer purchases of Equity securities PART II item 6: selected Financial Data item 7: Management’s Discussion and analysis of Financial Condition and results of operations item 7a: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market risk item 8: Financial statements and supplementary Data item 9: Changes in and Disagreements with accountants on accounting and Financial Disclosure item 9a: Controls and procedures item 9B: other information item 10: Directors, Executive officers and Corporate governance item 11: Executive Compensation PART III item 12: security ownership of Certain Beneficial owners and Management and related stockholder Matters item 13: Certain relationships and related Transactions, and Director independence item 14: principal accountant Fees and services item 15: Exhibits and Financial statement schedule signatures PART IV 2 3 16 35 35 35 35 36 39 41 58 59 59 60 62 62 62 62 62 62 63 68 Item 1. Business Overview PART I THE COMPANY Loral space & Communications inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Loral,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us”), is a leading satellite communications company engaged, through our ownership interests in affiliates, in satellite-based communications services. Satellite Services Loral has one operating segment consisting of satellite-based communications services. Loral participates in satellite services operations through its 62.7% economic interest in Telesat Canada (“Telesat”), a leading global fixed satellite services operator, with offices and facilities around the world. Effective January 1, 2017, Telesat holdings inc. completed a corporate reorganization pursuant to which Telesat holdings inc. amalgamated with Telesat interco inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, and immediately thereafter the newly amalgamated company amalgamated with Telesat Canada. The continuing entity, existing under the laws of Canada, is named Telesat Canada. Telesat owns and leases a satellite fleet that operates in geosynchronous earth orbit approximately 22,000 miles above the equator. in this orbit, satellites remain in a fixed position relative to points on the earth’s surface and provide reliable, high-bandwidth services anywhere in their coverage areas, serving as the backbone for many forms of telecommunications. Telesat is also developing a global constellation of low earth orbit (“LEo”) satellites. LEo satellites operate in a circular orbit around the earth with an altitude typically between 500 and 870 miles. Unlike geosynchronous satellites that operate in a fixed orbital location above the equator, LEo satellites travel around the earth at high velocities requiring antennas on the ground to track their movement. LEo satellite systems have the potential to offer a number of advantages over geosynchronous orbit satellites to meet growing requirements for broadband services, both consumer and commercial, by providing increased data speeds and capacity, global coverage, and latency on par with or potentially better than terrestrial services. at December 31, 2016, Telesat provided satellite services to customers from its fleet of 15 in-orbit geostationary satellites. in addition, Telesat owns the Canadian Ka-band payload on the viasat-1 satellite, has two other geostationary satellites under construction and has an additional two prototype Ka-band satellites under construction, which will be deployed in low earth orbit. Telesat also manages the operations of additional satellites for third parties. Telesat provides video distribution and direct-to-home (“DTh”) video, as well as end-to-end communications services using both satellite and hybrid satellite- ground networks. our economic interest decreased from 62.8% to 62.7% in March 2016 when certain Telesat employees exercised share appreciation rights related to a total of 178,642 stock options granted under Telesat’s share-based compensation plan and received 129,400 non-voting participating preferred shares. Telesat Services Telesat earns the majority of its revenues by providing satellite-based services to customers, who use these services for their own communications requirements or to provide services to customers further down the distribution chain for video and data services. Telesat also earns revenue by providing ground-based transmit and receive services, selling equipment, installing, managing and maintaining satellite networks, and providing consulting services in the field of satellite communications. Telesat categorizes its revenues into: Broadcast, Enterprise, and Consulting and other. Broadcast Telesat’s broadcast services business provided approximately 52% of its revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. These services include: 3 DTH: Both Canadian DTh service providers (Bell Tv and shaw Direct) use Telesat’s satellites as a distribution platform for their services, delivering television programming, audio and information channels directly to customers’ homes. in addition, Telesat’s satellites are used by Echostar/Dish network for DTh services in the United states. Video distribution and contribution: Major broadcasters, cable networks and DTh service providers use Telesat satellites for the full-time transmission of television programming. additionally, Telesat provides certain broadcasters and DTh service providers bundled value-added services that include satellite capacity, digital encoding of video channels, authorization services and uplinking and downlinking services to and from Telesat satellites and earth station facilities. Occasional use services: occasional use services consist of satellite transmission services for the timely broadcast of video news, sports and live event coverage on a short-term basis enabling broadcasters to conduct on-the-scene transmissions using small, portable antennas. Enterprise Telesat’s enterprise services provided approximately 45% of its revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. These services include: Telecommunication carrier and integrator services: Telesat provides satellite capacity and end-to-end services for data and voice transmission to telecommunications carriers and integrators located throughout the world. These services include space segment services and terrestrial facilities for broadband, internet backhaul, cellular backhaul and services such as rural telephony to telecommunications carriers and network services integrators around the world. Government services: The United states government is the largest single consumer of fixed satellite services in the world and a user of Telesat’s international satellites. Telesat provides services to the United states government through government service integrators, rather than directly to United states government agencies. Telesat is also a significant provider of satellite services to the Canadian government. Consumer broadband services: Telesat provides Ka-band satellite capacity to customers in Canada, particularly to Xplornet Communications inc., which uses it to provide two-way broadband internet services. Telesat also provides Ka-band satellite capacity to viasat which uses it to provide similar services in the United states. Resource services: Telesat provides communications services to geographically diverse locations, both on and off shore, for the oil and gas and mining industries. Maritime and aeronautical services: Telesat is increasingly providing satellite capacity to customers serving the growing maritime and aeronautical markets bringing broadband communications services to commercial airplanes and vessels. Retail services: Telesat operates vsaT and hybrid vsaT/terrestrial networks in Canada providing end-to-end services including installation and maintenance of the end user terminal, maintenance of the vsaT hub and provision of satellite capacity. These networks include the support of point-of-sale and other applications at thousands of retail petroleum sites. Satellite operator services: Telesat provides services to other satellite operators in the form of partial channel satellite capacity, full transponder satellite capacity and, on occasion, the relocation and use of an entire satellite at a designated orbital location. Consulting and Other Telesat’s consulting and other category provided approximately 3% of its revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. Telesat’s consulting operations allow it to realize operating efficiencies by leveraging Telesat’s existing employees and the facility base dedicated to its core satellite communication business. With over 45 years of engineering and technical experience, Telesat is a leading consultant in establishing, operating and upgrading satellite systems worldwide. 4 Competitive Strengths Telesat’s business is characterized by the following key competitive strengths: Leading Global FSS Operator Telesat is one of the world’s leading Fss operators and the largest in Canada. it has a leading position as a provider of satellite services in the north american video distribution market. Telesat provides services to both of the major DTh providers in Canada, Bell Tv and shaw Direct, which together have approximately 2.2 million subscribers, as well as to Echostar (Dish network) in the United states, which has approximately 13.6 million subscribers. its international satellites are well positioned to serve a number of growing markets and serve a range of important customers in those markets. Blue Chip Customer Base Telesat offers its broad suite of satellite services to more than 400 customers worldwide, which include some of the world’s leading television broadcasters, cable programmers, DTh service providers, isps, network services integrators, telecommunications carriers, corporations and government agencies. over 45 years of operation, Telesat has established long-term, collaborative relationships with its customers and has developed a reputation for creating innovative solutions and providing services essential for its customers to reach their end users. Telesat’s customers represent some of the strongest and most financially stable companies in their respective industries. These customers have historically committed to long-term contracts for Telesat’s services, which enhances the predictability of its future revenues and cash flows and supports its future growth. Large Contracted Backlog and Young Satellite Fleet Underpin Anticipated Growth and High Revenue Visibility historically, Telesat has been able to generate strong cash flows from its operating activities due to the high operating margins in the satellite industry and its disciplined control of expenses. The stability of Telesat’s cash flows is underpinned by its large revenue backlog. Telesat has been able to generate significant backlog by entering into long-term contracts with its customers, in some cases for all or substantially all of a satellite’s orbital maneuver life. in addition to this backlog, Telesat has historically experienced a high proportion of contract renewals. Together, these two factors have produced ongoing, stable cash flows. Many of Telesat’s satellites are relatively new and will not need to be replaced for a significant period of time which defers replacement capital expenditures. Portfolio of Orbital Real Estate Telesat’s satellites occupy highly attractive orbital locations that provide it with an advantageous position in the markets in which it operates due to the scarcity of available satellite spectrum and the strong neighborhoods Telesat has developed at these locations. access to these orbital locations, coupled with the high capital intensity of the satellite industry, creates barriers to entry in those markets. Telesat is licensed by the Department of innovation, science and Economic Development Canada (“isED”) (formerly industry Canada) to occupy a number of key orbital positions that are well-suited to serve the americas and support its leading position in north america. Telesat’s international satellites also occupy highly desirable orbital locations that enable broad pan-regional service with interconnectivity between regions, making them attractive for both intra- and inter-regional services. Telesat has rights to additional spectrum, including Ka-band and reverse DBs band at certain existing orbital locations, as well as rights to use Ka-band to operate a global LEo satellite constellation. Global Operations Provide Revenue Diversification and Economies of Scale The combination of Telesat’s north american broadcast and enterprise services businesses and Telesat’s international business offers diversity in terms of both the customers and regions served as well as the services provided. Moreover, as the operator of a fleet of 15 satellites plus multiple other satellites for third parties, Telesat has attained meaningful scale to allow it to leverage its relatively fixed cost base to achieve substantial operating margins. 5 Business Strategy Telesat’s commitment to providing strong customer service and its focus on innovation and technical expertise has allowed it to successfully build its business to date. Building on its existing contractual revenue backlog, Telesat will continue to focus on increasing the utilization of its existing satellite capacity, maintaining its operating efficiency and, in a disciplined manner, using its strong cash flow to grow in-orbit satellite capacity and strengthen its business. Telesat believes its satellite fleet offers a strong combination of existing backlog and additional capacity on its existing satellites and planned satellites that provide a solid foundation upon which it will seek to continue to grow its revenue and cash flows. To achieve this growth, Telesat will seek to capture the anticipated increased demand for satellite services and capacity, (i) in the broadcast services market, from broadcast video applications, including DTh services, hDTv, Ultra hD and expansion in the number of channels and (ii) in the enterprise services market, from requirements such as maritime and aeronautical broadband, government services and supporting carrier and enterprise networks. Telesat will continue to focus on capturing the anticipated increase in worldwide demand for satellite services through a disciplined satellite expansion program that should drive incremental contracted backlog and cash flows, and further leverage its fixed cost structure. Telstar 18 vanTagE, a powerful, state-of-the-art, multi-mission satellite currently under construction, will replace Telstar 18 at 138° EL. This new satellite will bring replacement and expansion capacity to this orbital location utilizing high throughput and broad beam capacity. The satellite will offer a high degree of flexibility with coverage of China, Mongolia, indochina, indonesia, australia, new zealand and the pacific ocean. Telesat’s long-standing partner at the 138° EL location, apT, will use 57.5% of the satellite’s capacity in exchange for providing 57.5% of the capital for the satellite program. Telstar 19 vanTagE, a powerful, multi-mission, high throughput Ku-band and Ka-band satellite currently under construction, will bring additional capacity to the 63° WL orbital location where Telesat operates its Telstar 14r/Estrela do sul 2 satellite. The satellite will offer a high degree of flexibility with coverage of Brazil, the andean region, the Caribbean, the north atlantic ocean and northern Canada. hughes network systems LLC has entered into a long-term contract for all of the high throughput Ka-band capacity on Telstar 19 vanTagE serving south america. The satellite industry is characterized by a relatively fixed cost base that allows significant revenue growth with relatively minimal increases in operating costs, particularly for the provision of services using only satellite capacity. Thus, Telesat anticipates that the relatively fixed cost nature of its business, combined with increasing demand for satellite services, will over time produce growth in its operating cash flows. To further enhance liquidity, Telesat has a $200 million revolving credit facility in place that can be used for general corporate purposes including working capital and capital expenditures of which, other than $0.1 million of outstanding letters of credit, no amount was drawn as of December 31, 2016. Competition Telesat is a leading global Fss operator in a highly competitive industry, and Telesat competes against other global, regional and national satellite operators and with providers of terrestrial-based communications services. Fixed Satellite Operators other global satellite operators are intelsat s.a. (‘‘intelsat’’), sEs s.a. (‘‘sEs’’), Eutelsat s.a. (“Eutelsat”) and inmarsat. Telesat also competes with a number of nationally or regionally focused Fss operators around the world. intelsat, sEs and Eutelsat are each substantially larger than Telesat in terms of both the number of satellites they have in-orbit as well as their revenues. Telesat believes that intelsat and its subsidiaries and sEs and its subsidiaries each have global fleets of over 50 satellites, and that Eutelsat and its subsidiaries have a fleet of almost 40 satellites. Due to their larger sizes, these operators may be able to take advantage of greater economies of scale, may be more attractive to customers, and may (depending on the specific satellite and orbital location in question) have greater flexibility to restore service to their customers in the event of a partial or total satellite failure. in addition, their larger sizes may enable them to devote more resources, both human and financial, to sales, operations, product development and strategic alliances and acquisitions. 6 Regional and domestic providers: Telesat also competes against regional Fss operators, including: • • • • in north america: Ciel, viasat, hns/Echostar, hispasat and arsat; in Europe, Middle East, africa: avanti, arabsat, Es’hailsat, nilesat, gazprom, hellas sat, rsCC, Yahsat, Turksat and spacecom; in asia: asiasat, Measat, Thaicom, apT, pT Telkom, optus, sKY perfect JsaT and asia Broadcast satellite; and in Latin america: star one, arsat and hispamar. a number of other countries have domestic satellite systems against which Telesat competes in those markets. The Canadian government opened Canadian satellite markets to foreign satellite operators as part of its 1998 World Trade organization commitments to liberalize trade in basic telecommunications services. as of January 2017, approximately 80 non-Canadian Fss satellites are listed as having been approved for use in Canada. Three of these are Telesat satellites licensed by other administrations and one is a satellite on which Telesat owns the Canadian-coverage capacity. in addition, the Fss and the Mobile satellite services (‘‘Mss’’) sectors, which have historically served distinct customer requirements, are converging. as a result, Telesat faces competition from Mss operators that include inmarsat, which recently began offering a high throughput Ka-band service using a global constellation of three geostationary satellites. The growth in satellite service providers using or planning to use Ka-band, including avanti Communications, sEs/o3b, viasat/WildBlue, Eutelsat, hns/Echostar, inmarsat, sEs, Yahsat and others, will result in increased competition. over the past two years, a number of global LEo satellite systems have been announced and are now in various stages of development. Many of the new and replacement satellites expected to be deployed in the near term will be high throughput satellites (“hTs”) or will include high throughput payloads. This includes intelsat’s ‘‘Epic’’ satellites, the first two of which were launched in 2016. in addition, second generation hTs systems now in development purport to be capable of throughput that substantially exceeds the throughput of first generation hTs. This may result in a significant increase in satellite capacity which may further increase competition. Terrestrial Service Providers providers of terrestrial-based communications services compete with satellite operators. increasingly, in developed and developing countries alike, governments are providing funding and other incentives to encourage the expansion of terrestrial networks resulting in increased competition for satellite operators. Consulting Services The market for satellite consulting services is generally comprised of a few companies qualified to provide advice to governments, satellite operators, spacecraft manufacturers and other industry participants on a range of technical and commercial matters related to satellite communications and earth observation. Telesat’s competitors are primarily United states and European-based companies. Satellite Fleet & Ground Resources as of December 31, 2016, Telesat had 15 in-orbit satellites. in addition, Telesat owns the Canadian Ka-band payload on the viasat-1 satellite. Telesat operates an extensive ground infrastructure including a satellite control center (“sCC”) in ottawa, ontario, its main earth station and backup sCC at allan park, ontario, nine earth stations throughout Canada, one teleport located in the United states and one in Brazil and its telemetry tracking and control facility in perth, australia. These ground facilities are used for controlling Telesat’s satellites and for the provision of end-to-end services to Telesat’s customers. 7 Telesat’s north american focused fleet is comprised of eight satellites (anik F1r, anik F2, anik F3, nimiq 1, nimiq 2, nimiq 4, nimiq 5 and nimiq 6), plus the Canadian beams on viasat-1. Telesat’s international fleet is comprised of six satellites (anik F1, Telstar 11n, Telstar 12, Telstar 12 vanTagE, Telstar 14r/Estrela do sul 2 and Telstar 18). Telesat’s anik g1 satellite provides service for both north and south america. The table below summarizes selected data relating to Telesat’s owned in-orbit satellite capacity as of December 31, 2016 : Orbital Location Regions Covered Anik F1 107.3°WL south america Launch Date november 2000 Manufacturer’s End-of-Service Life 2016 Expected End-of- Orbital Maneuver Life (1) 2022 Model Bss702 (Boeing) 2020 2019 2022 2028 2011 2015 2023 2024 2027 2024 2012 2030 2023 2027 E3000 (EaDs astrium) Bss702 (Boeing) 2026 E3000 2039 2021 (4) 2024 (5) 2027 2035 2048 2026 (EaDs astrium) ssL 1300 a2100 aX (Lockheed Martin) a2100 aX (Lockheed Martin) E3000 (EaDs astrium) ssL 1300 ssL 1300 ssL 1300 2027 (5) ssL 1300 2032 E3000 (airbus) Anik F1R 107.3° WL north america september 2005 Anik F2 Anik F3 Anik G1 Nimiq 1 Nimiq 2 111.1° WL Canada, Continental United states 118.7° WL Canada, Continental United states 107.3° WL Canada, south america not applicable (2) not applicable (2) Nimiq 4 82° WL Canada Nimiq 5 Nimiq 6 Telstar 11N 72.7° WL Canada, Continental United states 91.1º WL Canada 37.55° WL north and Central america, Europe, africa and the maritime atlantic ocean region July 2004 april 2007 april 2013 May 1999 December 2002 september 2008 september 2009 May 2012 February 2009 Telstar 12 109.2°WL southern United states, south october 1999 november 2015 Telstar 12 VANTAGE Telstar 14R/Estrela do Sul 2 Telstar 18 (3) and Central america 15°WL Eastern United states, sE Canada, Europe, russia, Middle East, south africa, portions of south and Central america 63°WL Brazil and portions of Latin america, north america, atlantic ocean 138° EL india, south East asia, China, australia and hawaii May 2011 2026 2024 ssL 1300 June 2004 2017 2018 (6) ssL 1300 (1) Telesat’s current estimate of when each satellite will be decommissioned, taking account of anomalies and malfunctions the satellites have experienced to date and other factors such as remaining fuel levels, consumption rates and other available engineering data. These estimates are subject to change and it is possible that the actual orbital maneuver life of any of these satellites will be shorter than Telesat currently anticipates. Further, it is anticipated that the payload capacity of each satellite may be reduced prior to the estimated end of orbital maneuver life. For example, Telesat currently anticipates that it will need to commence the turndown of transponders on anik F1 prior to the end of orbital maneuver life, as a result of further degradation in available power. (2) nimiq 1 and nimiq 2 are currently located in non-Telesat orbital slots. 8 (3) 54% of the transponders on the satellite are leased to apT (the “apT transponders”), through the end of life of the satellite in consideration for apT’s funding a portion of the satellite’s cost. This transaction was accounted for as a sales-type lease, because substantially all of the benefits and risks incident to the ownership of the leased transponders were transferred to apT. Telesat has agreed with apT among other things that if Telesat is able to obtain the necessary approvals and licenses from the U.s. government under U.s. export laws, it would transfer title to the apT transponders on Telstar 18 to apT, as well as a corresponding interest in the elements on the satellite that are common to or shared by the apT transponders and the Telesat transponders. Telesat acquired two transponders from apT for an additional payment in august 2009. (4) inclined orbit operations may be utilized to reach the projected End of orbital Maneuver Life for nimiq 1 in the event the satellite is relocated. The start of inclined orbit operations will be selected accordingly. (5) End of orbital Maneuver Life for these satellites has been extended through inclined orbit operations which reduces fuel consumption through the elimination of north-south stationkeeping. (6) The End of orbital Maneuver Life for Telstar 18 is expected to be extended through inclined orbit operations to 2028. in addition, Telesat has rights to satellite capacity on other satellites including the Ka-band Canadian payload consisting of nine user beams on viasat-1. in november 2015, Telesat entered into contractual arrangements with space systems Loral, LLC (formerly known as space systems/Loral, inc.) (“ssL”) for the construction of Telstar 19 vanTagE, which it anticipates will be launched in the first half of 2018. This new state-of-the-art satellite will utilize high throughput capabilities to offer superior performance in Ku-band and in Ka-band and will be co-located with Telesat’s Telstar 14r/Estrela do sul 2 satellite at 63˚ WL, a prime orbital slot for coverage of the americas. The satellite will have high throughput Ka-band capacity in south america, over northern Canada, the Caribbean and the north atlantic ocean. it will also provide high throughput Ku-band capacity over Brazil, the andean region and the north atlantic. also in 2015, Telesat entered into a long-term satellite service arrangement with hughes network systems LLC for services using the high throughput Ka-band capacity of Telstar 19 vanTagE in south america. in December 2015, Telesat entered into contractual arrangements with ssL for the construction of Telstar 18 vanTagE, which it anticipates will be launched in the first half of 2018. The new satellite will operate from 138˚ EL. Telstar 18 vanTagE will expand Telesat’s coverage of growing satellite service markets in China, Mongolia, southeast asia, and the pacific ocean region. This satellite will utilize a combination of broad regional beams and high throughput spot beams in Ku-band to maximize throughput and spectral efficiency. it will also provide extensive C-band coverage of asia that reaches from india and pakistan in the West all the way to hawaii in the East, enabling direct connectivity from any point in asia to the americas. Telesat also entered into agreements with apT under which its partner, apT, will use certain capacity on the Telstar 18 vanTagE satellite and fund a portion of the satellite’s cost. in april 2016, Telesat announced the procurement of two prototype Ka-band satellites for operation in low earth orbit that it expects to launch in 2017. 9 Satellite Services Performance (1) Loral holds a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.7% voting interest in Telesat. We use the equity method of accounting for our investment in Telesat, and its results are not consolidated in our financial statements. our share of the operating results from our investment in this company is included in equity in net income (loss) of affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations and our investment is included in investments in affiliates in our consolidated balance sheets (see note 6 to the Loral consolidated financial statements). revenue: Total segment revenues affiliate eliminations (2) revenues from satellite services as reported operating income: Total segment operating income affiliate eliminations (2) operating income from satellite services after eliminations 2016 Year ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) 2014 $ $ $ $ 703,131 $ (703,131) — $ 366,272 $ (366,272) — $ 751,684 $ (751,684) — $ 419,969 $ (419,969) — $ 837,440 (837,440) — 443,371 (443,371) — (1) see Consolidated operating results in Management’s Discussion and analysis of Financial Condition and results of operations for significant items that affect comparability between the periods presented. (2) affiliate eliminations represent the elimination of amounts attributable to Telesat which is reflected in our consolidated financial statements under the equity method of accounting. Total Telesat assets were $4.2 billion, $4.0 billion and $4.6 billion as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The change in total assets from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015 is primarily the result of the change in foreign exchange rates. Backlog was approximately $3.2 billion and $3.5 billion as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease in backlog is due to revenues recognized partially offset by new orders and exchange rate changes. it is expected that approximately 17% of the backlog at December 31, 2016 will be recognized as revenue by Telesat in 2017. Sale of SSL on november 2, 2012, Loral completed the sale (the “sale”) of its wholly-owned subsidiary, space systems/Loral, LLC (formerly known as space systems/Loral, inc.) (“ssL”), to MDa Communications holdings, inc. (“MDa holdings”), a subsidiary of MacDonald, Dettwiler and associates Ltd. (“MDa”). pursuant to the purchase agreement (the “purchase agreement”), dated as of June 26, 2012, as amended on october 30, 2012 and March 28, 2013, by and among Loral, ssL, MDa and MDa holdings, Loral agreed to indemnify MDa and its affiliates from certain damages in a lawsuit (the “viasat suit”) brought in 2012 by viasat, inc. (“viasat”) against Loral and ssL. in september 2014, Loral, ssL and viasat entered into a settlement agreement (the “settlement agreement”) pursuant to which the viasat suit and an additional patent infringement and breach of contract lawsuit brought by viasat against ssL in september 2013 were settled. Loral was also released by MDa, MDa holdings and ssL from indemnification claims relating to the viasat lawsuits under the purchase agreement. The terms of the settlement agreement provided, among other things, for payment by Loral and ssL to viasat on a joint and several basis of $100 million, $40 million of which was paid in september 2014 in connection with entering into the settlement agreement, with the remaining $60 million payable with interest in ten equal quarterly installments of $6.9 million from october 15, 2014 through January 15, 2017. Following a mediation session held on December 1, 2014, Loral and MDa entered into an agreement titled “MDa/Loral Dispute resolution” dated December 1, 2014 (the “allocation agreement”), pursuant to which Loral and MDa agreed that Loral was responsible for $45 million, and MDa and ssL were responsible for $55 million, of the $100 million litigation settlement with viasat. 10 as of December 31, 2016, Loral had paid $43.3 million, including interest, toward the viasat settlement. pursuant to the allocation agreement, Loral paid viasat the final installment of $2.8 million in January 2017 (see note 14 to the financial statements). Other We also own 56% of XTar, LLC (“XTar”), a joint venture between Loral and hisdesat servicios Estrategicos s.a. (“hisdesat”). We account for our ownership interest in XTar under the equity method of accounting because we do not control certain of its significant operating decisions. XTar owns and operates an X-band satellite, XTar-EUr located at 29 o EL, which entered service in March 2005. The satellite is designed to provide X-band communications services exclusively to United states, spanish and allied government users throughout the satellite’s coverage area, including Europe, the Middle East and asia. The government of spain granted XTar rights to an X-band license, normally reserved for government and military use, to develop a commercial business model for supplying X-band capacity in support of military, diplomatic and security communications requirements. XTar also leases 7.2 72 Mhz X-band transponders (subject to certain temporary reductions for 2017) on the spainsat satellite located at 30 o WL owned by hisdesat, which entered commercial service in april 2006. These transponders, designated as XTar-LanT, allow XTar to provide its customers in the U.s. and abroad with additional X-band services and greater flexibility. XTar currently has contracts to provide X-band services to the U.s. Department of Defense, U.s. Department of state and various agencies of the spanish government. For more information on XTar see note 6 to the Loral consolidated financial statements. REGULATION Telesat is subject to regulation by government authorities in Canada, the United states and other countries in which it operates and is subject to the frequency coordination process of the international Telecommunication Union (“iTU”). Telesat’s ability to provide satellite services in a particular country or region is subject also to the technical constraints of its satellites, international coordination, local regulation including as it applies to securing landing rights and licensing requirements. Canadian Regulatory Environment Telesat was originally established by the government of Canada in 1969 under the Telesat Canada act. as part of the Canadian government’s divestiture of its shares in Telesat, pursuant to the Telesat Canada reorganization and Divestiture act (1991), or the Telesat Divestiture act, Telesat was continued on March 27, 1992 as a business corporation under the Canada Business Corporations act, the Telesat Canada act was repealed and the Canadian government sold its shares in Telesat. The Telesat Divestiture act provides that no legislation relating to the solvency or winding-up of a corporation applies to Telesat and that its affairs cannot be wound up unless authorized by an act of parliament. in addition, Telesat and its shareholders and directors cannot apply for Telesat’s continuation in another jurisdiction or dissolution unless authorized by an act of parliament. Telesat is a Canadian carrier under the Telecommunications act (Canada), or the Telecom act. The Telecom act authorizes the Canadian radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (“CrTC”) to regulate various aspects of the provision of telecommunications services by Telesat and other telecommunications service providers. Telesat is currently not subject to detailed rate regulation; the CrTC has, however, retained its powers under the Telecom act to impose price regulation or other regulatory measures on Telesat in the future, as necessary. in addition, section 28(2) of the Telecom act provides that the CrTC may allocate satellite capacity to particular broadcasting undertakings if it is satisfied that the allocation will further the implementation of the broadcasting policy for Canada. The exercise by the CrTC of its rights under section 28(2) of the Telecommunications act could affect Telesat’s relationship with existing customers, which could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. Telesat’s operations are also subject to regulation and licensing by isED (formerly industry Canada) pursuant to the radiocommunication act (Canada). isED has the authority to issue spectrum and earth station licenses and establish policies and standards related to the radio frequencies upon which Telesat’s satellites and earth stations depend. The Minister responsible for isED has broad discretion in exercising this authority to issue licenses, fix and amend conditions of licenses and to suspend or even revoke them. some of the spectrum licenses under which Telesat operates the anik and nimiq satellites require Telesat to comply with research and development and other industrial and public benefit commitments, to pay annual spectrum license fees and to provide all-Canada satellite coverage. 11 isED traditionally licensed satellite radio spectrum using a competitive licensing process. in 2012, isED conducted a public consultation on the licensing framework for Fss and broadcast satellite services (“Bss”) in Canada. as a result of the consultation, changes in policy were announced in november 2013. Effective January 6, 2014, all Fss and Bss licenses are awarded to qualified applicants on a first-come, first-served basis and spectrum licenses have replaced radio licenses. The term of spectrum licenses is 20 years, with a high expectation of renewal. isED may, however, issue licenses with a shorter term. isED also implemented a new spectrum licensing fee regime, which came into effect in the 2016 fiscal year. The Canadian government opened Canadian satellite markets to foreign satellite operators as part of its 1998 World Trade organization (“WTo”) commitments to liberalize trade in basic telecommunications services, with the exception of DTh television services provided through Fss or DBs facilities. satellite digital audio radio service markets were also closed to foreign entry until 2005. in september 2005, the Canadian government revised its satellite-use policy to permit the use of foreign-licensed satellites for digital audio radio services in Canada. Further liberalization of the policy may occur and could result in increased competition in Canadian satellite markets. since november 2000, pursuant to the CrTC’s Decision CrTC 2000-745, virtually all telecommunications service providers are required to pay contribution charges based on their Canadian telecommunications service revenues, minus certain deductions (e.g., terminal equipment sales and inter-carrier payments). The contribution rate varies from year to year. it was initially set at 4.5% of eligible revenues but was significantly reduced in subsequent years. The rate for 2016 was 0.53%, and an interim rate of 0.63% has been established by the CrTC for 2017. United States Regulatory Environment The Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) regulates the provision of satellite services to, from, or within the United states. Telesat has chosen to operate its U.s. licensed satellites, Telstar 11n, Telstar 12 and Telstar 12 vanTagE, on a non-common carrier basis. Consequently, it is not subject to rate regulation or other common carrier regulations enacted under the Communications act of 1934. Telesat pays FCC filing fees in connection with its space station and earth station applications and annual fees to defray the FCC’s regulatory expenses. annual and quarterly status reports must be filed with the Universal service administrative Company (“UsaC”) covering interstate/international telecommunications revenues. Based on these reports, UsaC assesses Telesat for contribution to the FCC’s Universal service Fund (“UsF”). The UsF contribution rate is adjusted quarterly and is proposed to be set at 16.7% for the first quarter of 2017. at the present time, the FCC does not assess UsF contributions with respect to bare transponder capacity (i.e. agreements for space segment only). Telesat’s United states telecom revenues that are subject to UsF contribution requirements are currently small and its UsF payments are not material. Telesat also owns and operates the portion of the viasat-1 satellite (115 o WL) payload that is capable of providing service within Canada. The viasat-1 satellite is licensed by the United states. The FCC currently grants geostationary-like satellite authorizations on a first-come, first-served basis to applicants which demonstrate that they are legally and technically qualified and that the public interest will be served by the grant. Under licensing rules, a bond must be posted starting at $1 million when a geostationary satellite authorization is granted and escalating to up to $3 million. The entire amount of the bond may be forfeited if there is a failure to meet the FCC’s milestones for the launch and commencement of operations of the satellite. according to current licensing rules, the FCC will issue new satellite licenses for an initial 15-year term and will provide a licensee with an “expectancy” that a subsequent license will be granted for the replacement of an authorized satellite using the same frequencies. at the end of the 15-year term, a satellite that has not been replaced, or that has been relocated to another orbital location following its replacement, may be allowed to continue operations for a limited period of time subject to certain restrictions. To facilitate the provision of Fss in C-, Ku- and Ka-band frequencies in the United states market, foreign licensed operators may apply to have their satellites placed on the FCC’s permitted space station List (for certain frequencies) or be granted a declaratory ruling (for other frequencies). Telesat’s anik Fl, anik Flr, anik F2, anik F3, Telstar 14r/Estrela do sul 2 and upcoming Telstar 19 vanTagE satellites are currently authorized to serve the U.s. market in accordance with these procedures. 12 The United states made no WTo commitment to open its DTh, DBs or digital audio radio services to foreign competition, and instead indicated that provision of these services by foreign operators would be considered on a case-by-case basis, based on an evaluation of the effective competitive opportunities open to United states operators in the country in which the foreign satellite was licensed (i.e., an ECo-sat test) as well as other public interest criteria. While Canada currently does not satisfy the ECo-sat test in the case of DTh and DBs service, the FCC has found, in a number of cases, that provision of these services into the United states using Canadian-licensed satellites would provide significant public interest benefits and would therefore be allowed. in cases involving Telesat, United states service providers, Digital Broadband applications Corp., DirECTv and Echostar, have all received FCC approval to access Canadian-authorized satellites under Telesat’s direction and control in Canadian-licensed orbital locations to provide DTh-Fss or DBs service into the United states. The approval of the FCC for the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat was conditioned upon compliance by Telesat with commitments made to the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of investigation and the Department of homeland security relating to the availability of certain records and communications in the United states in response to lawful United states law enforcement requests for such access. The export of United states-manufactured satellites and technical information related to satellites, earth station equipment and provision of services to certain countries are subject to state Department, Commerce Department and Treasury Department regulations. in 1999, the United states state Department published amendments to the international Traffic in arms regulations (“iTar”) which included satellites on the list of items requiring export licenses. Effective november 2014, further amendments to the iTar transferred jurisdiction of certain satellites and related technology to the Export administration regulations administered by the Commerce Department, which also impose license requirements in specified circumstances. These iTar provisions may limit Telesat’s access to certain technical information and may have a negative impact on Telesat’s international consulting revenues. if Telesat does not maintain its existing authorizations or obtain necessary future authorizations under the export control laws and regulations of the United states, Telesat may be unable to export technical information or equipment to non-U.s. persons and companies, including to its own non-U.s. employees, as required to fulfill existing contracts. if Telesat does not maintain its existing authorizations or obtain necessary future authorizations under the trade sanctions laws and regulations of the United states, Telesat may not be able to provide satellite capacity and related administrative services to certain countries subject to U.s. sanctions. Telesat’s ability to acquire new United states-manufactured satellites, procure launch services and launch new satellites, operate existing satellites, obtain insurance and pursue its rights under insurance policies or conduct its satellite-related operations and consulting activities could also be negatively affected if Telesat and its suppliers are not able to obtain and maintain required U.s. export authorizations. Regulation Outside Canada and the United States The Brazilian national telecommunications agency, anaTEL, grants exploitation rights for Brazilian satellites to companies incorporated and existing in Brazil which participate in specific auctions conducted by anaTEL and which demonstrate that they are legally, technically and financially qualified and that the public interest will be served by the grant. anaTEL may also grant exploitation and landing rights for foreign satellites when the public interest is evidenced, provided that the applicant company provides certain specific technical information on the relevant satellite and appoints a legal representative in Brazil (i.e., a company incorporated and existing in Brazil). The landing rights of foreign satellites are granted to the owner of the space segment or the company which holds the right to operate it, in whole or in part, but the satellite capacity may only be sold or negotiated in Brazil through the local legal representative. in exploitation and landing rights of Brazilian and foreign satellites, the rights are granted on an onerous basis and are valid for 15 years for Brazilian satellites (renewable once for an additional 15 years) and up to 15 years for foreign satellites (renewable once for an additional equal period). anaTEL has authorized Telesat, through its subsidiary, Telesat Brasil Capacidade de satélites Ltda. (“TBCs”), to operate a Ku-band Fss satellite at the 63° WL orbital location. in December 2008, TBCs entered into a new 15-year Concession agreement with anaTEL which obligates TBCs to operate the satellite in accordance with Brazilian telecommunications law and contains provisions to enable anaTEL to levy fines for failure to perform according to the Concession agreement terms. 13 in May 2015, TBCs was the successful bidder in an anaTEL auction for Ka-Band and planned Ku-band frequency rights at the 63° WL orbital location, and the associated 15-year Concession agreements were signed in March 2016 for Telstar 19 vanTagE. in addition, anaTEL has accredited TBCs as legal representative in Brazil of three non-Brazilian satellites; Telstar 12 vanTagE, anik F1 and anik g1. Telesat owns Telstar 18, which currently operates at the 138° EL orbital location under an agreement with apT. Telstar 18 vanTagE will replace Telstar 18 at the same orbital location, also under an agreement with apT. apT has been granted the right to use the 138° EL orbital location by The Kingdom of Tonga. apT is the direct interface with the Tonga regulatory bodies. Because Telesat gained access to this orbital location through apT, there is uncertainty with respect to its ability to maintain access to this orbital location and the frequencies. Telesat owns and operates the portion of the viasat-1 satellite (115˚ WL) payload that is capable of providing service within Canada. viasat-1 operates in accordance with a license granted by the FCC in the United states. however, by virtue of an intergovernmental arrangement between the United states and the United Kingdom, viasat-1 operates in accordance with iTU networks filed by the United Kingdom regulatory agency, oFCoM, on behalf of the isle of Man. The isle of Man is a British Crown Dependency and isle of Man satellite frequency filings are filed with the iTU by oFCoM. Mansat Ltd. has been granted rights by the isle of Man government to manage all aspects of isle of Man satellite frequency filings. Both Telesat and viasat have a commercial relationship with Mansat. viasat and Telesat have agreed to cooperate in their dealings with Mansat with respect to the viasat-1 satellite for oFCoM and iTU purposes. The Ka-band and portions of the Ku-band frequencies on Telstar 12 vanTagE, and portions of the Ka-band frequencies on Telstar 18 vanTagE and the Ka-band frequencies on Telstar 10 vanTagE, are also filed with the iTU by Mansat on behalf of Telesat. Landing Rights and Other Regulatory Requirements Many countries regulate satellite transmission signals to, and for uplink signals from, their territory. Telesat has landing rights in major market countries worldwide. in many jurisdictions, landing rights are granted on a per satellite basis and applications must be made to secure landing rights on replacement satellites. International Regulatory Environment — International Telecommunication Union The iTU, a specialized agency of the United nations, is responsible for administering access by member states to frequencies in the radio portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The iTU radio regulations set forth the process that member states must follow to secure rights for satellites to use frequencies and the obligations and restrictions that govern such use. The process includes, for example, a “first-come, first-served” system for gaining access to certain frequencies and time limits for bringing the frequencies into use. other frequencies at specified orbital locations have been reserved in perpetuity for individual administrations’ use. Canada, the United states and other member states have rights to use certain frequencies. Telesat has been authorized by its iTU filing administrators (Canada, Usa, Brazil and United Kingdom) to use certain frequencies. in addition, through commercial arrangements, Telesat has the right to use certain frequencies for which the Kingdom of Tonga has the rights. authorized frequencies include those already used by its current satellites, and additional frequencies at various geostationary orbital locations or in non-geostationary constellations that must be brought into use within specified time limits. The iTU radio regulations govern the process used by satellite operators to coordinate their operations with other satellite operators to avoid harmful interference. Each member state is required to give notice of, coordinate, and register its proposed use of radio frequency assignments with the iTU. The filing and registration process is administered by the iTU radiocommunications Bureau (the “iTU-Br”). 14 once a member state has filed with the iTU its proposed use of frequencies, other member states inform that member state and the iTU-Br of any intended use that has the potential to cause interference to either existing operations, or operations that may occur in accordance with priority rights. The member states are then obligated to negotiate with each other in an effort to coordinate the proposed uses and resolve interference concerns. if all outstanding issues are resolved in accordance with the various procedures of the iTU radio regulations, the frequencies are entered into the iTU’s Master register (“MiFr”). registered frequencies are entitled under international law to interference protection from subsequent or nonconforming uses. Under the iTU radio regulations, a member state that places a satellite or any ground station into operation without completing coordination could be vulnerable to interference from other systems and may have to alter the operating parameters of its satellite or ground station if harmful interference occurs to other users already entered in the MiFr or that have priority rights. The process of iTU filing and notification in the MiFr of frequencies spans a period of seven to eight years, or longer, depending upon the frequency band and the various provisions of the iTU radio regulations that may be invoked. Telesat’s authorized frequencies are in various stages of the coordination and notification process. Many frequencies have completed the process and have been registered in the MiFr. in other cases, coordination is on-going so that entry into the MiFr is pending. This is typical for satellite operators. Depending upon the outcome of coordination discussions with other satellite operators Telesat may need to make concessions in terms of how a frequency may be used. This, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on Telesat’s financial condition, as well as on the value of its business. The failure to reach an appropriate arrangement with such satellite operators may render it impossible to secure entry into the MiFr and result in substantial restrictions on the use and operations of Telesat’s existing satellites. in the event disputes arise during the coordination process or thereafter, the iTU radio regulations set forth procedures for resolving disputes but do not contain a mandatory dispute resolution mechanism or an enforcement mechanism. rather, the rules invite a consensual dispute resolution process for parties to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. neither the rules nor international law provide a clear remedy for a party where this voluntary process fails. although non-governmental entities, including Telesat, participate at the iTU, only national administrations have full standing as iTU members. Consequently, Telesat must ultimately rely on the administrations of Canada, the United states, Brazil, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Tonga to represent its interests, including submitting and coordinating the iTU satellite networks that provide frequency information within the iTU process described above. PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS as of December 31, 2016, Telesat owned nine issued patents, seven of which are in the United states. These patents expire between 2018 and 2030. Telesat also has several pending domestic and international patent applications. There can be no assurance that any of the foregoing pending patent applications will be issued. Moreover, there can be no assurance that infringement of existing third party patents has not occurred or will not occur. additionally, because the patent application process is confidential, there can be no assurance that third parties, including competitors, do not have patents pending that could result in issued patents which Telesat may infringe. in such event, Telesat may be restricted from continuing the infringing activities, which could adversely affect its business, or Telesat may be required to obtain a license from a patent holder and pay royalties, which would increase the cost of doing business. Telesat’s research and development expenditures are incurred for the studies associated with advanced satellite system designs and experimentation and development of space, satellite and ground communications products. This also includes the development of Telesat’s planned LEo constellation. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Telesat’s revenues from non-U.s. customers, primarily in Canada, asia, Europe and Latin america represented 66%, 66% and 68% of its consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, substantially all of its long-lived assets were located outside of the United states, primarily in Canada, with the exception of in-orbit satellites. (see item 1a – “Risk Factors – Telesat is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally.”) FOREIGN OPERATIONS 15 as of December 31, 2016, Loral had 21 full time employees. EMPLOYEES as of December 31, 2016, Telesat and its subsidiaries had approximately 391 full-time and part-time employees, approximately 3.6% of whom are subject to collective bargaining agreements. Telesat’s employee body is primarily comprised of professional engineering, sales and marketing staff, administrative staff and skilled technical workers. Telesat considers its employee relations to be good. OTHER Loral, a Delaware corporation, was formed on June 24, 2005, to succeed to the business conducted by its predecessor registrant, Loral space & Communications Ltd. (“old Loral”), which emerged from chapter 11 of the federal bankruptcy laws on november 21, 2005 pursuant to the terms of the fourth amended joint plan of reorganization, as modified. AVAILABLE INFORMATION our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports are available without charge on our web site, www.loral.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these documents also are available in print, without charge, from Loral’s investor relations Department, 565 Fifth avenue, new York, nY 10017. Loral’s web site is an inactive textual reference only, meaning that the information contained on the web site is not part of this report and is not incorporated in this report by reference. Item 1A. Risk Factors I. Financial and Telesat Investment Risk Factors Telesat’s profitability may be adversely affected by swings in the global financial markets, which may have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s customers and suppliers. swings in the global financial markets that include illiquidity, market volatility, changes in interest rates and currency exchange fluctuations can be difficult to predict and negatively affect the ability of certain customers to make payments when due. such swings may materially and adversely affect us due to the potential insolvency of Telesat’s suppliers and customers, inability of customers to obtain financing for their transponder leases, decreased customer demand, delays in supplier performance and contract terminations. Telesat’s customers may not have access to capital or a willingness to spend capital on transponder leases, or their levels of cash liquidity with which to pay for transponder leases may be adversely affected. access of Telesat’s suppliers to capital and liquidity with which to maintain their inventories, production levels or product quality may be adversely affected, which could cause them to raise prices or cease operations. as a result, we may experience a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. These potential effects of swings in the global financial markets are difficult to forecast and mitigate. Our equity investment in Telesat may be at risk because of Telesat’s leverage. at December 31, 2016, Telesat had outstanding indebtedness of $2.9 billion, which matures in 2023 and 2024, and additional borrowing capacity of $200 million under its revolving facility which matures in 2021. approximately $2.6 billion of this total borrowing capacity is secured by substantially all of the assets of Telesat. This indebtedness represents a significant amount of indebtedness for a company the size of Telesat. The agreements governing this indebtedness impose operating and financial restrictions on Telesat’s activities. These restrictions on Telesat’s ability to operate its business could seriously harm its business by, among other things, limiting its ability to take advantage of financing, merger and acquisition and other corporate opportunities, which could in time adversely affect the value of our investment in Telesat. Borrowings under Telesat’s senior secured credit facilities are at variable rates of interest and expose Telesat to interest rate risk. assuming all revolving loans are fully drawn, each quarter point change in interest rates would result in a CaD 6 million change in annual interest expense on indebtedness under the senior secured credit facilities. Telesat has entered into, and in the future it may enter into, interest rate swaps that involve the exchange of floating for fixed rate interest payments in order to reduce interest rate volatility. Telesat may not, however, maintain interest rate swaps with respect to all or any of its variable rate indebtedness, and any swaps Telesat enters into may not fully mitigate its interest rate risk, may prove disadvantageous or may create additional risks. 16 as of December 31, 2016, all of Telesat’s outstanding debt was denominated in U.s. dollars. Changes in exchange rates impact the amount that Telesat pays in interest and may significantly increase the amount that Telesat is required to pay in Canadian dollar terms to redeem the indebtedness either at maturity, or earlier if redemption rights are exercised or other events occur which require Telesat to offer to purchase the indebtedness prior to maturity, and to repay funds drawn under its U.s. dollar denominated facility. Unfavorable exchange rate changes could affect Telesat’s ability to repay or refinance this debt. a breach of the covenants contained in any of Telesat’s loan agreements, including without limitation, a failure to maintain the financial ratios required under such agreements, could result in an event of default. if an event of default were to occur, Telesat’s lenders would be able to accelerate repayment of the related indebtedness, and it may also trigger a cross default under other Telesat indebtedness. if Telesat is unable to repay or refinance its secured indebtedness when due (whether at the maturity date or upon acceleration as a result of a default), the lenders will have the right to proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure such indebtedness, which consists of substantially all of the assets of Telesat and its subsidiaries. Telesat’s ability to make payments on, or repay or refinance, its debt, will depend largely upon its future operating performance and market conditions. Disruptions in the financial markets could make it more difficult to renew or extend Telesat’s facilities at current commitment levels on similar terms or at all. in the event that Telesat is not able to service or refinance its indebtedness, there would be a material adverse effect on the value of our equity investment in Telesat. Telesat’s financial results and our U.S. dollar reporting of Telesat’s financial results will be affected by volatility in the Canadian/U.S. dollar exchange rate. portions of Telesat’s revenue and expenses and all of its debt are denominated in U.s. dollars and changes in the U.s. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate may have a negative impact on Telesat’s financial results and affect the ability of Telesat to repay or refinance its borrowings. Telesat’s main currency exposures as of December 31, 2016 lie in its U.s. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables and indebtedness, with the most significant impact being on the U.s. dollar denominated indebtedness. in addition, approximately 51% of Telesat’s revenues, 41% of its operating expenses, 90% of its interest expense and a majority of its capital expenditures for 2016 were denominated in U.s. dollars. as of December 31, 2016, a five percent increase (decrease) in the Canadian dollar against the U.s. dollar would have increased (decreased) Telesat’s net income by approximately $122 million. This analysis assumes all other variables remain constant. Loral reports its investment in Telesat using the equity method of accounting. Loral reports its investment in Telesat in U.s. dollars while Telesat reports its financial results in Canadian dollars. as a result, Telesat’s results of operations are subject to conversion from Canadian dollars to U.s. dollars. Changes in the U.s. dollar relationship to the Canadian dollar affect how Telesat’s financial results are reported in our consolidated financial statements. During 2016, the exchange rate moved from U.s. $1.00/CaD 1.3839 at December 31, 2015 to U.s. $1.00/CaD 1.3441 at December 31, 2016. 17 While we own 62.7% of Telesat on an economic basis, we own only 32.7% of its voting stock and therefore do not have the right to elect or appoint a majority of the members of its Board of Directors and our interests and those of the other Telesat shareholders may diverge or conflict. While we own 62.7% of the economic interests in Telesat, we hold only 32.7% of its voting interests. although the restrictions on foreign ownership of Canadian satellites have been removed by the government of Canada, we are still subject to our shareholders agreement with the public sector pension investment Board (“psp”) and the articles of incorporation of Telesat, which do not allow us to own more voting stock of Telesat than we currently own. also, under our shareholders agreement, the governance and management of Telesat is vested in its 10-member Board of Directors, comprised of three Loral-appointed directors, three psp-appointed directors and four independent directors, two of whom also own Telesat shares with nominal economic value and 31.1% and 6.8% of the voting interests for Telesat directors, respectively. While we own a greater voting interest in Telesat than any other single stockholder with respect to election of directors and we and psp, which owns 29.4% of the voting interests for directors and 67.3% of the voting interests for all other matters, together own a majority of Telesat’s voting power, circumstances may occur where our interests and those of psp diverge or are in conflict. For example, it is likely that any strategic transaction involving our ownership interests in Telesat that we wish to pursue will require the cooperation of psp, and psp may not share our objectives or wish to pursue transactions in which we are interested or any transaction at all. in the event that our interests differ from those of psp, psp, with the agreement of at least three of the four independent directors, may, subject to veto rights that we have under Telesat’s shareholders agreement, cause Telesat to take actions contrary to our wishes. These veto rights are, however, limited to certain extraordinary actions — for example, the incurrence of more than $100 million of indebtedness or the purchase of assets at a cost in excess of $100 million. Moreover, our right to block these actions under the shareholders agreement falls away if, subject to certain exceptions, either (i) ownership or control, directly or indirectly by Dr. Mark h. rachesky (president of Mhr Fund Management LLC, or Mhr, which, through its affiliated funds is our largest stockholder) of our voting stock falls below certain levels other than in certain specified circumstances or (ii) there is a change in the composition of a majority of the members of Loral’s board of directors over a consecutive two-year period without the approval of the incumbent directors. We may face indemnification claims for pre-closing taxes from our sale of SSL. in the fourth quarter of 2012, we completed the sale of our subsidiary, ssL, to MDa. Under the terms of the purchase agreement related to the ssL sale, we are obligated to indemnify MDa and its affiliates for certain pre-closing taxes. The final amounts of certain indemnification claims relating to pre-closing taxes have not yet been determined. Where appropriate, we intend vigorously to contest the underlying tax assessments, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful. We may not be able to settle indemnification claims at or below the value recorded in our financial statements, and indemnification claims under the purchase agreement, whether pending now or made in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, including liquidity, and results of operations. Loral Space & Communications Inc. is a holding company with no current operations; we are dependent upon, and may not receive, sufficient cash flow from our affiliates or be able to incur sufficient borrowings to meet our financial obligations. Loral is a holding company with ownership interests in Telesat and XTar and, as such, Loral has no independent operations or operating assets and has ongoing cash requirements. We are dependent upon, and may not receive, sufficient cash flow from our affiliates or be able to incur sufficient borrowings to meet our financial obligations. The ability of Telesat and XTar to make payments or distributions to Loral, whether as dividends or as payments under applicable management and consulting agreements or otherwise, will depend on their operating results, including their ability to satisfy their own cash flow requirements, and obligations including, without limitation, their debt service obligations. Moreover, covenants contained in the debt agreements of Telesat impose limitations on its ability to dividend or distribute funds to Loral. Even if the applicable debt covenants would permit Telesat to pay dividends or make distributions, Loral will not have the ability to cause Telesat to do so. see above “While we own 62.7% of Telesat on an economic basis, we own only 32.7% of its voting stock and therefore do not have the right to elect or appoint a majority of the members of its Board of Directors and our interests and those of the other Telesat shareholders may diverge or conflict.” Likewise, any dividends or distributions by XTar would require the prior consent of our spanish partner in the joint venture. although our equity in Telesat has substantial value, our shareholders agreement with psp regarding Telesat limits our ability to pledge our shares in Telesat as collateral for borrowing. For so long as the shareholders agreement is in place in its current form (see below “The initial public offering of Telesat and related governance changes that we have requested may not occur or may proceed in a manner contrary to our requests”), we may not be able to borrow or access the debt markets on a secured basis to fund our financial obligations, and our ability to borrow or access the debt markets on an unsecured basis may be limited or not available at all. 18 XTAR has not generated sufficient revenues to meet all of its substantial contractual obligations, and XTAR may be unable to pay these obligations when due, which could ultimately result in a restructuring of XTAR. XTar’s take-up rate in its service has been slower than anticipated, and, in fact, in recent years revenues have been declining. For example, XTar’s revenues declined by approximately 28% from 2015 to 2016 and 11% from 2014 to 2015. as a result, XTar has deferred certain payments owed to us, hisdesat and Telesat, including payments due under an agreement with hisdesat to lease certain transponders on the spainsat satellite (the “spainsat Lease agreement”). These lease obligations require payment by XTar up to a maximum of $28 million per year through the end of the useful life of the satellite which is estimated to be in 2021. in september 2016, XTar and hisdesat amended the spainsat Lease agreement to, among other things, reduce for 2016 and 2017 the minimum capacity required to be leased by XTar, and accordingly lease payments by XTar for 2016 and 2017 were reduced from $26 million to $18.2 million. The 2016 reduction was retroactive to January 1, 2016. in January 2017, XTar and hisdesat again amended the spainsat Lease agreement to, among other things, reduce for 2017 the minimum capacity required to be leased by XTar, and accordingly lease payments by XTar for 2017 were reduced to $9.5 million. in addition, XTar has entered into an agreement with hisdesat whereby the past due balance on the spainsat transponders of $32.3 million as of December 31, 2008, together with a deferral of $6.7 million in payments due in 2009, became payable to hisdesat over 12 years through annual payments of $5 million. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, XTar has deferred payment of liabilities of $28.8 million and $17.7 million, respectively, for its lease obligation and Catch-Up payments to hisdesat. XTar’s lease and other obligations to hisdesat, which will aggregate in excess of $70 million over the remaining life of the satellite as of December 31, 2016, are substantial, especially in light of XTar’s limited revenues to date. XTar has agreed that most of its excess cash balance would be applied towards making limited payments on these obligations, as well as payments of other amounts owed to us, hisdesat and Telesat in respect of services provided by them to XTar. Unless XTar is able to generate a substantial increase in its revenues, these obligations will continue to accrue and grow, and, absent agreement to further defer all or some these obligations, XTar may be unable to pay them when due, which ultimately could result in a restructuring of XTar. as of December 31, 2016, $6.8 million was due to Loral from XTar and we had an allowance of $6.6 million against these receivables. The soundness of financial institutions and counterparties could adversely affect Telesat or us. We and Telesat have exposure to many different financial institutions and counterparties (including those under credit, financing and insurance arrangements), including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, insurance providers and other institutions and industry participants. We and Telesat are exposed to risk, including credit risk resulting from many of the transactions executed in connection with hedging activities, in the event that any lenders or counterparties, including insurance providers, are unable to honor their commitments or otherwise default under an agreement with Telesat or us. We have explored, are exploring and expect in the future to explore various strategic transactions; this process may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations whether or not a transaction is ultimately consummated. We have previously explored, and are exploring, potential strategic transactions involving Telesat. in the future, we expect to continue to pursue strategic alternatives involving Telesat with the goal of maximizing shareholder value. The process of pursuing a strategic transaction will result in transaction costs and may result in the diversion of the attention of operating management of Telesat from business operations, the disclosure of confidential information to competitors or potential customers as part of a due diligence process and an adverse perception of Telesat in the marketplace which could, among other things, adversely affect Telesat’s ability to win new business. any of such results could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations whether or not a strategic transaction is consummated. There can be no assurance whether or when any transaction involving Loral or Telesat will occur, and, even if a transaction is consummated, there can be no assurance as to whether or to what degree such a transaction will be successful in maximizing value to our shareholders. 19 We may explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions and alliances other than those involving Telesat which require financing which may not be available at all or on favorable terms. Loral may, in addition to exploring strategic transactions involving Telesat, from time to time, explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions and alliances which may include joint ventures and strategic relationships as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. in order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds are likely to be required. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all. As part of our business strategy, we or Telesat may complete acquisitions or dispositions, undertake restructuring efforts or engage in other strategic transactions. These actions could adversely affect our or Telesat’s business, results of operations and financial condition. as part of our business strategy, we or Telesat may engage in discussions with third parties regarding, or enter into agreements relating to, acquisitions, dispositions, restructuring efforts or other strategic transactions in order to manage our or Telesat’s product and technology portfolios or further our strategic objectives. in order to pursue this strategy successfully, we must identify suitable acquisition or alliance candidates and complete these transactions, some of which may be large and complex. any of these activities may result in disruptions to our business and may not produce the full efficiency and cost reduction benefits anticipated. Instability in financial markets could adversely affect our ability to access additional capital. in past years, the volatility and disruption in the capital and credit markets reached unprecedented levels. if these conditions reoccur, there can be no assurance that we will not experience a material adverse effect on our ability to borrow money or have access to capital, if needed. Lenders may be unable or unwilling to lend money. in addition, if we determine that it is appropriate or necessary to raise capital in the future, the future cost of raising funds through the debt or equity markets may be expensive or those markets may be unavailable. if we were unable to raise funds through debt or equity markets, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The Telesat information in this report other than the information included in the audited financial statements is based solely on information provided to us by Telesat. Because we do not control Telesat, we do not have the same control and certification processes with respect to the information contained in this report on our satellite services segment that we would have if we controlled Telesat. We are also not involved in managing Telesat’s day-to-day operations. accordingly, the Telesat information contained in this report other than the information included in the audited financial statements is based solely on information provided to us by Telesat and has not been separately verified by us. II.Risk Factors Associated With Satellite Services Telesat’s in-orbit satellites may fail to operate as expected due to operational anomalies resulting in lost revenues, increased costs and/or termination of contracts. satellites utilize highly complex technology and operate in the harsh environment of space and therefore are subject to significant operational risks while in orbit. The risks include in-orbit equipment failures, malfunctions and other kinds of problems commonly referred to as anomalies. satellite anomalies include, for example, circuit failures, transponder failures, solar array failures, telemetry transmitter failures, battery cell and other power system failures, satellite control system failures and propulsion system failures. some of Telesat’s satellites have had malfunctions and other anomalies in the past. acts of war, terrorism, magnetic, electrostatic or solar storms, space debris, satellite conjunctions or micrometeoroids could also damage Telesat’s satellites. Despite working closely with satellite manufacturers to determine the causes of anomalies and mitigate them in new satellites and to provide for intrasatellite redundancies for certain critical components to minimize or eliminate service disruptions in the event of failure, anomalies are likely to be experienced in the future, whether due to the types of anomalies described above or arising from the failure of other systems or components, and intrasatellite redundancy may not be available upon the occurrence of such anomalies. There can be no assurance that, in these cases, it will be possible to restore normal operations. Where service cannot be restored, the failure could cause the satellite to have less capacity available for sale, to suffer performance degradation, or to cease operating prematurely, either in whole or in part. 20 any single anomaly or series of anomalies or other failure (whether full or partial) of any of Telesat’s satellites could cause Telesat’s revenues, cash flows and backlog to decline materially, could require Telesat to repay prepayments made by customers of the affected satellite and could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s relationships with current customers and its ability to attract new customers for satellite services. a failure could result in a customer terminating its contract for service on the affected satellite. if Telesat is unable to provide alternate capacity to an affected customer, the customer may decide to procure all or a portion of its future satellite services from an alternate supplier or the customer’s business may be so adversely affected by the satellite failure that it may not have the financial ability to procure future satellite services. it may also require Telesat to expedite its planned replacement program, adversely affecting its profitability, increasing its financing needs and limiting the availability of funds for other business purposes. Finally, the occurrence of anomalies may adversely affect Telesat’s ability to insure satellites at commercially reasonable premiums, if at all, and may cause insurers to demand additional exclusions in policies they issue. The actual orbital maneuver lives of Telesat’s satellites may be shorter than Telesat anticipates and Telesat may be required to reduce available capacity on its satellites prior to the end of their orbital maneuver lives. Telesat anticipates that its satellites will have the end of orbital maneuver life dates described above in item1-Business. For all but one of Telesat’s satellites, the expected end-of-orbital maneuver life date goes beyond the manufacturer’s end-of-service life date. a number of factors will affect the actual commercial service lives of Telesat’s satellites, including: • • • • • • the amount of propellant used in maintaining the satellite’s orbital location or relocating the satellite to a new orbital location (and, for newly-launched satellites, the amount of propellant used during orbit raising following launch); the durability and quality of their construction; the performance of their components; conditions in space such as solar flares and space debris; operational considerations, including operational failures and other anomalies; and changes in technology which may make all or a portion of Telesat’s satellite fleet obsolete. Telesat has been forced to remove satellites from service prematurely in the past due to an unexpected reduction in their previously anticipated end-of-orbital maneuver life. it is possible that the actual orbital maneuver lives of one or more of Telesat’s existing satellites may also be shorter than originally anticipated. Further, on some of Telesat’s satellites it is anticipated that the total available payload capacity may need to be reduced prior to the satellite reaching its end-of- orbital maneuver life. Telesat periodically reviews the expected orbital maneuver life of each of its satellites using current engineering data. a reduction in the orbital maneuver life of any of Telesat’s satellites could result in a reduction of the revenues generated by that satellite, the recognition of an impairment loss and an acceleration of capital expenditures. To the extent Telesat is required to reduce the available payload capacity prior to the end of a satellite’s orbital maneuver life, its revenues from the satellite would be reduced. 21 Telesat’s satellite launches may be delayed, it may suffer launch failures or its satellites may fail to reach their planned orbital locations. Any such issue could result in the loss of a satellite or cause significant delays in the deployment of the satellite which could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. Delays in launching satellites and in the deployment of satellites are not uncommon and result from construction delays, the unavailability of reliable launch opportunities with suppliers, delays in obtaining required regulatory approvals and launch failures. if satellite construction schedules are not met, a launch opportunity may not be available at the time the satellite is ready to be launched. satellites are also subject to certain risks related to failed launches. Launch failures result in significant delays in the deployment of satellites because of the need to construct replacement satellites, which typically takes up to 30 months or longer, and to obtain another launch vehicle. a delay or perceived delay in launching a satellite, or replacing a satellite, may cause Telesat’s current customers to move to another satellite provider if they determine that the delay may cause an interruption in continuous service. in addition, Telesat’s contracts with customers who purchase or reserve satellite capacity may allow the customers to terminate their contracts in the event of a delay. any such termination would require Telesat to refund any prepayment it may have received, and would result in a reduction in Telesat’s contracted backlog and would delay or prevent Telesat from securing the commercial benefits of the new satellite. Launch vehicles may also underperform, in which case the satellite may be lost or, if it can be placed into service by using its onboard propulsion systems to reach the desired orbital location, will have a shorter useful life. any launch failure, underperformance, delay or perceived delay could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. Telesat’s insurance will not protect it against all satellite-related losses. Further, Telesat may not be able to renew insurance on its existing satellites or obtain insurance on future satellites on acceptable terms or at all, and, for certain of Telesat’s existing satellites, Telesat has elected to forego obtaining insurance. Telesat’s current satellite insurance does not protect it against all satellite-related losses that it may experience, and it does not have in-orbit insurance coverage for all of the satellites in its fleet. as of December 31, 2016, the total net book value of Telesat’s six in-orbit satellites for which it does not have insurance is approximately CaD 44 million. Telesat’s insurance does not protect it against business interruption, loss of revenues or delay of revenues. in addition, Telesat does not insure the net book value of performance incentives that may be payable to a satellite’s manufacturer as these are payable only to the extent that the satellite operates in accordance with contracted technical specifications. Telesat’s existing launch and in-orbit insurance policies include, and any future policies that Telesat obtains can be expected to include, specified exclusions, deductibles and material change limitations. Typically, these insurance policies exclude coverage for damage or losses arising from acts of war, anti-satellite devices, electromagnetic or radio frequency interference and other similar potential risks for which exclusions are customary in the industry at the time the policy is written. in addition, they typically exclude coverage for satellite health-related problems affecting Telesat’s satellites that are known at the time the policy is written or renewed. any claims under existing policies are subject to settlement with the insurers and may, in some instances, be payable to Telesat’s customers. The price, terms and availability of satellite insurance has fluctuated significantly in recent years. These fluctuations may be affected by recent satellite launch or in-orbit failures and general conditions in the insurance industry. Launch and in-orbit policies on satellites may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. To the extent Telesat experiences a launch or in-orbit failure that is not fully insured, or for which insurance proceeds are delayed or disputed, it may not have sufficient resources to replace the affected satellite. in addition, higher premiums on insurance policies increase Telesat’s costs, thereby reducing its profitability. in addition to higher premiums, insurance policies may provide for higher deductibles, shorter coverage periods, higher loss percentages required for constructive total loss claims and additional satellite health-related policy exclusions. There can be no assurance that, upon the expiration of an in-orbit insurance policy, which typically has a term of one year, Telesat will be able to renew the policy on terms acceptable to it. subject to the requirements of Telesat’s senior credit facilities and the indenture governing Telesat’s 8.875% senior notes, Telesat may elect to reduce or eliminate insurance coverage for certain of its existing satellites, or elect not to obtain insurance policies for its future satellites, especially if exclusions make such policies ineffective, the costs of coverage make such insurance impractical or if self-insurance is deemed more cost effective. 22 Telesat is subject to significant and intensifying competition within the satellite industry and from other providers of communications capacity. Telesat’s failure to compete effectively would result in a loss of revenues and a decline in profitability, which would adversely affect Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. Telesat provides point-to-point and point-to-multipoint services for voice, data and video communications and for high-speed internet access. The consolidation of major Fss providers has resulted in the creation of global competitors who are substantially larger than Telesat in terms of both the number of satellites they have in orbit as well as in terms of their revenues. Due to their larger sizes, these operators are able to take advantage of greater economies of scale, may be more attractive to customers, may (depending on the specific satellite and orbital location in question) have greater flexibility to restore service to their customers in the event of a partial or total satellite failure and may be able to offer expansion capacity for future requirements. Telesat also competes against regional satellite operators who may enjoy competitive advantages in their local markets. as a result of the availability of export credit agency financing for projects that would not otherwise obtain financing from commercial lenders, new entrants, including governments that have traditionally purchased satellite capacity from established satellite operators, are acquiring their own satellites, which increases the amount of available satellite capacity in the marketplace and decreases the demand for Telesat’s services. as a condition of Telesat’s licenses for certain satellites, it is required by isED, formerly industry Canada, the governmental department overseeing Canadian investment, innovation and economic development, to invest in research and development related to satellite communication activities. Telesat’s global competitors may not face this additional financial burden. Telesat expects a substantial portion of its ongoing business will continue to be in the Canadian domestic market. This market is characterized by increasing competition among satellite providers and rapid technological development. historically, the Canadian regulatory framework has required the use of Canadian- licensed satellites for the delivery of DTh video programming in Canada. it is possible that this framework could change and allow non-Canadian satellite operators that have adequate service coverage in Canadian territory to compete for future business from Telesat’s DTh customers. Telesat’s business is also subject to competition from ground based forms of communications technology. For many point-to-point and other services, the offerings provided by terrestrial companies can be more competitive than the services offered via satellite. a number of companies are increasing their ability to transmit signals on existing terrestrial infrastructures, such as fiber optic cable, DsL (digital subscriber line) and terrestrial wireless transmitters often with funding and other incentives provided by government. The ability of any of these companies to significantly increase their capacity and/or the reach of their network likely would result in a decrease in the demand for Telesat’s services. increasing availability of capacity from other forms of communications technology can create an excess supply of telecommunications capacity, decreasing the prices Telesat would be able to charge for its services under new service contracts and thereby negatively affecting Telesat’s profitability. new technology could render satellite-based services less competitive by satisfying consumer demand in other ways. Telesat also competes for local regulatory approval in places where more than one provider may want to operate and with other satellite operators for scarce frequency assignments and a limited supply of orbital locations. Telesat’s failure to compete effectively could result in a loss of revenues and a decline in profitability, a decrease in the value of its business and a downgrade of its credit rating, which would restrict its access to the capital markets. Fluctuations in available satellite capacity could adversely affect Telesat’s results. The availability of satellite capacity has fluctuated over time, characterized by periods of undersupply of capacity, followed by periods of substantial new satellite construction which is, in turn, followed by an oversupply of available capacity. given the number of new satellites launched over the past year and the number of satellites presently under construction, many of which contain high throughput payloads, unless Telesat experiences a corresponding increase in demand, the next several years may be characterized by an oversupply of capacity. To the extent Telesat were to experience another period of oversupply of capacity, it may be forced to decrease the prices it charges for services which would adversely affect its results. Developments that Telesat expects to support the growth in demand for satellite services, such as continued growth in corporate data and internet traffic, the continued proliferation of hDTv and economic growth in Latin america may fail to materialize or may not occur in the manner or to the extent Telesat anticipates. Changes in technology could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. The implementation of new technologies that can provide increased capacity to end users at lower cost may reduce demand for Telesat’s services. The introduction of first generation hTs, such as viasat-1, Jupiter 1 and the recently launched intelsat 29e and intelsat 33e, the first of intelsat’s “Epic” line of hTs, which are able to transmit substantially more content than pre-existing satellites, may decrease demand and/or prices for traditional satellite capacity. additional hTs are currently under construction, including second generation hTs that purport to be capable of throughput that substantially exceeds the throughput of first generation hTs. While Telesat owns the high throughput Canadian payload on viasat-1 and has incorporated high throughput payloads on its Telstar 12 vanTagE satellite and the Telstar 18 vanTagE and Telstar 19 vanTagE satellites currently under construction, the introduction of more, and more capable, hTs by other operators into the markets in which Telesat participates could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. 23 a number of global low-earth-orbit satellite projects have recently been announced which, if implemented successfully, could have significant advantages over geostationary satellite systems, in particular for latency sensitive applications. in addition to new satellite technologies, new projects which could compete with traditional satellite services have recently been announced, including for the provision of telecommunications services using balloons or drones. improvements in existing technologies could adversely impact the demand for satellite services. For example, improvements in signal compression could allow Telesat’s customers to transmit the same amount of data using a reduced amount of capacity. Changes in consumer demand for traditional television services and expansion of terrestrial networks have adversely impacted the growth in subscribers to DTH television services in North America which may adversely impact Telesat’s future revenue. a substantial amount of Telesat’s revenue is earned from customers who use Telesat’s services to provide DTh television services to the public in north america. Telesat believes that DTh has certain cost, quality and efficiency advantages over terrestrial delivery systems, including fiber, for the consumption of linear television programming (i.e. traditional television viewing where the consumer receives a broad array of channels from their provider and views programming which is delivered at a scheduled time via a specified channel) either live or at a later time using a recording device such as a personal video recorder or pvr. however, for various reasons, the consumption of traditional linear television programming via DTh has recently been challenged in various regions, including north america. in many regions of the world, including north america, the terrestrial networks with which Telesat competes continue to expand. Terrestrial networks have advantages over traditional DTh services for the delivery of two-way services, such as on demand video services. Moreover, one of Telesat’s largest DTh customers also has a substantial fiber terrestrial broadcast distribution network that it is continuing to expand, which has led to certain of its own DTh customers migrating to its terrestrial network. The migration of DTh customers to terrestrial networks in order to access improved two-way services or for other reasons could decrease the demand for Telesat’s services, adversely impacting its revenue and financial performance. The growth of “over the top” (“oTT”) video distribution (e.g., netflix) may also have an adverse impact on Telesat’s business. oTT distribution is a two way (i.e. non-linear) platform that provides on demand delivery of broadcasting services to consumers through an internet service provider that may not be involved in the control or distribution of the content itself. The growth of oTT distribution may have a negative impact on the demand for the services of some of Telesat’s large DTh customers which could result in lower demand for its satellite capacity. in Canada, the CrTC has mandated that broadcast distributors, including DTh operators, provide consumers with the option of ‘‘skinny basic’’ or ‘‘pick and pay’’ packages. These packages will allow consumers to choose both the number and the specific channels they wish to receive beyond the entry level service offering as compared to the traditional subscription model which required consumers to sign up and pay for a large basic service and encouraged them to subscribe for up to several hundred channels. if consumers only subscribe to an entry level package or significantly reduce their subscriptions it could reduce the revenue Telesat’s customers receive for their DTh offerings. in turn, Telesat’s customers may choose to reduce the number of channels they deliver to consumers which would reduce the amount of satellite capacity they consume, adversely impacting Telesat’s revenue. 24 Telesat derives a substantial amount of its revenues from only a few of its customers. A loss of, or default by, one or more of these major customers, or a material adverse change in any such customer’s business or financial condition, could materially reduce Telesat’s future revenues and contracted backlog. For the year ended December 31, 2016, Telesat’s top five customers together accounted for approximately 55% of its revenues. at December 31, 2016, Telesat’s top five backlog customers together accounted for approximately 81% of its backlog. if any of Telesat’s major customers chooses to not renew its contract or contracts at the expiration of the existing terms or seeks to negotiate concessions, particularly on price, it could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. Telesat’s customers could experience a downturn in their business or find themselves in financial difficulties, which could result in their ceasing or reducing their use of Telesat’s services (or becoming unable to pay for services they had contracted to buy). in addition, some of Telesat’s customers’ industries are undergoing significant consolidation, and Telesat’s customers may be acquired by each other or other companies, including by Telesat’s competitors. such acquisitions could adversely affect Telesat’s ability to sell services to such customers and to any end-users whom they serve. some customers have in the past defaulted, and Telesat’s customers may in the future default, on their obligations to Telesat due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. such defaults could adversely affect Telesat’s revenues, operating margins and cash flows. if Telesat’s contracted revenue backlog is reduced due to the financial difficulties of its customers, Telesat’s revenues, operating margins and cash flows would be further negatively impacted. Reductions in government spending could reduce demand for Telesat’s services. governments, in particular the U.s. government, purchase a substantial amount of satellite services from commercial satellite operators, including Telesat. To the extent these governments reduce spending on satellite services, as a result of the need to reduce overall spending during periods of fiscal restraint, to reduce budget deficits or otherwise, demand for Telesat’s services could decrease which could adversely affect Telesat’s revenue, the prices it is able to charge for services and its results. Telesat operates in a highly regulated industry and government regulations may adversely affect its ability to sell its services, or increase the expense of such services or otherwise limit Telesat’s ability to operate or grow its business. as an operator of a global satellite system, Telesat is regulated by government authorities in Canada, the United states, Brazil and other countries in which it operates. in Canada, Telesat’s operations are subject to regulation and licensing by isED pursuant to the radiocommunication act (Canada) and by the CrTC, under the Telecommunications act (Canada). isED has the authority to issue licenses, establish standards, assign Canadian orbital locations, and plan the allocation and use of the radio frequency spectrum, including the radio frequencies upon which Telesat’s satellites and earth stations depend. The Minister responsible for isED has broad discretion in exercising this authority to issue licenses, fix and amend conditions of licenses, and to suspend or even revoke them. The CrTC has authority over the allocation (and reallocation) of satellite capacity to particular broadcasting undertakings. some of Telesat’s service agreements are subject to CrTC approval. Telesat is required to pay different forms of ‘‘universal service’’ charges in Canada and have certain research and development obligations that do not apply to other satellite operators with which it competes. These rates and obligations could change at any time. in the United states, the FCC regulates the provision of satellite services to, from, or within the United states. Certain of Telesat’s satellites are owned and operated through a U.s. subsidiary and are regulated by the FCC. in addition, to facilitate the provision of Fss satellite services in C-, Ku- and Ka-band frequencies in the United states market, foreign licensed operators can apply to have their satellites either placed on the FCC’s permitted space station List (for certain frequencies) or be granted a declaratory ruling (for other frequencies). Telesat’s anik Fl, anik Flr, anik F2, anik F3 and Telstar 14r/ Estrela do sul 2 and its upcoming Telstar 19 vanTagE satellites are currently authorized to serve the U.s. market in accordance with these procedures. The export from the United states of satellites and technical information related to satellites, earth station equipment and provision of services to certain countries are subject to state Department, Commerce Department and Treasury Department regulations, in particular the iTar which currently includes satellites on the list of items requiring export permits. These iTar provisions have constrained Telesat’s access to technical information and have had a negative impact on its international consulting revenues. in addition, Telesat and its satellite manufacturers may not be able to obtain and maintain necessary export authorizations which could adversely affect Telesat’s ability to procure new United states-manufactured satellites; control its existing satellites; acquire launch services; obtain insurance and pursue its rights under insurance policies; or conduct its satellite-related operations and consulting activities. 25 Telesat also operates satellites through licenses granted by, and are subject to regulations in, countries other than Canada and the United states. For example, the Brazilian national telecommunications agency, anaTEL, regulates the granting of exploitation and landing rights to the operation of Brazilian and foreign satellites and their use to transport telecommunication signals. anaTEL has authorized Telesat, through its subsidiary, TBCs, to operate Telstar 14r/Estrela do sul 2, a Ku-band Fss satellite at 63° WL pursuant to a Concession agreement and Telstar 19 vanTagE, which is currently under construction. anaTEL has also accredited Telesat as the legal representative in Brazil for Telstar 12 vanTagE, anik F1 and anik g1. Telstar 18 operates at the 138° EL orbital location under an agreement with apT, which has been granted the right to use the 138° EL orbital location by The Kingdom of Tonga. in addition to regulatory requirements governing the use of orbital locations, most countries regulate transmission of signals to and from their territory, and Telesat is required to obtain and maintain authorizations to carry on business in the countries in which Telesat operates. if Telesat fails to obtain or maintain particular authorizations on acceptable terms, such failure could delay or prevent Telesat from offering some or all of its services and adversely affect its results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. in particular, Telesat may not be able to obtain all of the required regulatory authorizations for the construction, launch and operation of any of its future satellites, for the orbital locations and spectrum for these satellites and for its ground infrastructure, on acceptable terms or at all. Even if Telesat were able to obtain the necessary authorizations and orbital locations, the licenses Telesat obtains may impose significant operational restrictions, or not protect Telesat from interference that could affect the use of its satellites. Countries or their regulatory authorities may adopt new laws, policies or regulations, or change their interpretation of existing laws, policies or regulations, that could cause Telesat’s existing authorizations to be changed or cancelled, require Telesat to incur additional costs, impose or change existing pricing, or otherwise adversely affect its operations or revenues. as a result, any currently held regulatory authorizations are subject to rescission and renewal and may not remain sufficient or additional authorizations may be necessary that Telesat may not be able to obtain on a timely basis or on terms that are not unduly costly or burdensome. Further, because the regulatory schemes vary by country, Telesat may be subject to regulations in foreign countries of which Telesat is not presently aware that it is not in compliance with, and as a result could be subject to sanctions by a foreign government. Telesat’s operations may be limited or precluded by ITU rules or processes, and Telesat is required to coordinate its operations with those of other satellite operators. The iTU, a specialized United nations agency, regulates the global allocation of radio frequency spectrum and the registration of radio frequency assignments and any associated satellite orbit. Telesat participates in the activities of the iTU. only national administrations, however, have full standing as iTU members. Consequently, Telesat must rely on the relevant government administrations to represent its interests. The iTU establishes the radio regulations, an international treaty which contains the rules concerning frequency allocations and the priority to, coordination of, and use of, radio frequency assignments. The iTU radio regulations define the allocation of radio frequencies to specific uses. The iTU radio regulations are periodically reviewed and revised at World radiocommunication Conferences, which take place typically every three to four years. as a result, Telesat cannot guarantee that the iTU will not change its allocation decisions and rules in the future in a way that could limit or preclude Telesat’s use of some or all of its existing or future orbital locations or spectrum. The iTU radio regulations also establish operating procedures for satellite networks and prescribe detailed coordination, notification and recording procedures. With respect to the frequencies used by commercial satellites, the iTU radio regulations set forth a process for protecting earlier-registered satellite systems from interference from later-registered satellite systems. in order to comply with these rules, Telesat must coordinate the operation of its satellites, including any replacement satellite that has performance characteristics that are different from those of the satellite it replaces, with other satellites. This process requires potentially lengthy and costly negotiations with parties who operate or intend to operate satellites that could affect or be affected by Telesat’s satellites. For example, in the third quarter of 2015, the russian satellite Communications Company (“rsCC”) launched a satellite to operate at 14° WL, adjacent to Telesat’s Telstar 12 when located at 15° WL. pursuant to its coordination agreement with rsCC, Telesat was required to cease using certain frequencies on its Telstar 12 satellite as soon as rsCC’s new satellite commenced service, which required Telesat to relocate some of its customers to alternate frequencies and reduced the available capacity on the satellite from which Telesat is able to earn revenue. The coordination agreement with rsCC also limited the frequencies Telesat was able to incorporate into its Telstar 12 vanTagE satellite that was launched and entered service in the fourth quarter of 2015, which may adversely affect Telesat’s ability to attract customers for Telstar 12 vanTagE. 26 in certain countries, a failure to resolve coordination issues is used by regulators as a justification to limit or condition market access by foreign satellite operators. in addition, while the iTU radio regulations require later-in-time systems to coordinate their operations with Telesat, Telesat cannot guarantee that other operators will conduct their operations so as to avoid transmitting any signals that would cause harmful interference to the signals that Telesat, or its customers, transmit. This interference could require Telesat to take steps, or pay or refund amounts to its customers, that could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. The iTU’s radio regulations do not contain mandatory dispute resolution or enforcement regulations and neither the iTU specifically, nor international law generally, provides clear remedies if the iTU coordination process fails. Failure to coordinate Telesat’s satellites’ frequencies successfully or to obtain or maintain other required regulatory approvals could have an adverse effect on Telesat’s business operations, prospects and financial condition, as well as on the value of its business. If Telesat does not make use of its spectrum rights by specified deadlines, or does not continue to use the orbital spectrum rights it currently uses, those rights may become available for other satellite operators to use. Telesat’s in-orbit satellites do not currently occupy all of the geostationary orbital (“gso”) locations for which it has obtained regulatory authorizations. in some cases, the Telesat satellite that occupies a gso location is not designed to use all of the frequency spectrum for which Telesat has been authorized. similarly, Telesat has been granted regulatory authorizations for certain spectrum in non-geostationary orbits (“ngso”) that are not yet occupied. in accordance with the iTU radio regulations, governments have rights to use certain gso locations and ngso orbits and the associated radio frequencies. Certain of these governments have in turn authorized Telesat to use gso locations, ngso orbits and associated radio frequencies in addition to those used by its current satellites. Under the iTU radio regulations, Telesat must bring into use these orbital locations, orbits and frequency assignments within a fixed period of time, or the governments in question would lose their international priority rights and the gso location or ngso orbits, and associated frequencies likely would become available for use by another satellite operator. in addition to iTU requirements, the governments that have authorized Telesat to use these orbital resources have generally conditioned such use on Telesat meeting certain milestones, including making use of the orbital spectrum by a specified time. if Telesat is unable to place satellites into currently unused gso locations or ngso orbits in a manner that satisfies the iTU radio regulations and national regulatory requirements, or if the iTU or national regulatory requirements were to change, or if Telesat is unable to maintain satellites or make use of all of the spectrum for which it has been authorized at the gso locations that it currently uses, Telesat may lose its rights to use these orbital resources and they would become available for other satellite operators to use. The loss of one or more of Telesat’s orbital resources could negatively affect its plans and its ability to implement its business strategy. Replacing a satellite upon the end of its service life will require Telesat to make significant expenditures and may require Telesat to obtain shareholder approval. To ensure no disruption in Telesat’s business and to prevent loss of its customers, Telesat will be required to commence construction of a replacement satellite approximately five years prior to the expected end of service life of the satellite then in orbit. Typically, it costs in the range of $250 million to $300 million to construct, launch and insure a satellite. There can be no assurance that Telesat will have sufficient cash, cash flow or be able to obtain third party or shareholder financing to fund such expenditures on favorable terms, if at all, or that Telesat will obtain shareholder approval to procure replacement satellites. Certain of Telesat’s satellites are nearing their expected end-of-orbital maneuver lives. should Telesat not have sufficient funds available to replace those satellites or should Telesat not receive approval from its shareholders to purchase replacement satellites, it could have a material adverse effect on Telesat’s results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. 27 Telesat’s business is capital intensive, and Telesat may not be able to raise adequate capital to finance its business strategies, or Telesat may be able to do so only on terms that significantly restrict its ability to operate its business. implementation of Telesat’s business strategy requires a substantial outlay of capital. as Telesat pursues its business strategies and seeks to respond to developments in its business and opportunities and trends in its industry, its actual capital expenditures may differ from its expected capital expenditures. There can be no assurance that Telesat will be able to satisfy its capital requirements in the future. in addition, if one of Telesat’s satellites failed unexpectedly, there can be no assurance of insurance recovery or the timing thereof and Telesat may need to exhaust or significantly draw upon its revolving credit facility or obtain additional financing to replace the satellite. if Telesat determines that it needs to obtain additional funds through external financing and is unable to do so, Telesat may be prevented from fully implementing its business strategy. The availability and cost to Telesat of external financing depends on a number of factors, including its credit rating and financial performance and general market conditions. Telesat’s ability to obtain financing generally may be influenced by the supply and demand characteristics of the telecommunications sector in general and of the satellite services sector in particular. Declines in Telesat’s expected future revenues under contracts with customers and challenging business conditions faced by its customers are among the other factors that may adversely affect Telesat’s credit and access to the capital markets. other factors that could impact Telesat’s credit rating include the amount of debt in its current or future capital structure, activities associated with strategic initiatives, the health of its satellites, the success or failure of its planned launches, its expected future cash flows and the capital expenditures required to execute its business strategy. The overall impact on Telesat’s financial condition of any transaction that it pursues may be negative or may be negatively perceived by the financial markets and rating agencies and may result in adverse rating agency actions with respect to its credit rating and access to the capital markets. Long-term disruptions in the capital or credit markets as a result of uncertainty or recession, changing or increased regulation or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect Telesat’s access to capital. a credit rating downgrade or deterioration in Telesat’s financial performance or general market conditions could limit its ability to obtain financing or could result in any such financing being available only at greater cost or on more restrictive terms than might otherwise be available and, in either case, could result in Telesat deferring or reducing capital expenditures including on new or replacement satellites. in certain circumstances, Telesat is required to obtain the approval of its shareholders to incur additional indebtedness. There can be no assurances that Telesat will receive such approval, if required. Telesat may experience a failure of ground operations infrastructure or interference with its satellite signals that impairs the commercial performance of, or the services delivered over, its satellites or the satellites of other operators for whom it provides ground services, which could result in a material loss of revenues. Telesat operates an extensive ground infrastructure including a satellite control center in ottawa, ontario, its main earth station and back up satellite control facility at allan park, ontario, nine earth stations throughout Canada, one teleport located in the United states and one in Brazil and its telemetry, tracking and control (“TT&C”) facility in perth, australia. These ground facilities are used for controlling Telesat’s satellites and for the provision of end-to-end services to Telesat’s customers. Telesat may experience a partial or total loss of one or more of these facilities due to natural disasters (tornado, flood, hurricane or other such acts of god), fire, acts of war or terrorism or other catastrophic events. a failure at any of these facilities would cause a significant loss of service for Telesat customers. additionally, Telesat may experience a failure in the necessary equipment at the satellite control center, at the back-up facility, or in the communications links between these facilities and remote earth station facilities. a failure or operator error affecting tracking, telemetry and control operations might lead to a breakdown in the ability to communicate with one or more satellites or cause the transmission of incorrect instructions to the affected satellite(s), which could lead to a temporary or permanent degradation in satellite performance or to the loss of one or more satellites. intentional or non-intentional electromagnetic or radio frequency interference could result in a failure of Telesat’s ability to deliver satellite services to its customers. a failure at any of Telesat’s facilities or in the communications links between its facilities or interference with its satellite signal could cause its revenues and backlog to decline materially and could adversely affect its ability to market its services and generate future revenues and profit. 28 Telesat purchases equipment from third party suppliers and depends on those suppliers to deliver, maintain and support these products to the contracted specifications in order for Telesat to meet its service commitments to its customers. Telesat may experience difficulty if these suppliers do not meet their obligations to deliver and support this equipment. Telesat may also experience difficulty or failure when implementing, operating and maintaining this equipment or when providing services using this equipment. This difficulty or failure may lead to delays in implementing services, service interruptions or degradations in service, which could cause Telesat’s revenues and backlog to decline materially and could adversely affect Telesat’s ability to market its services and generate future revenues and profit. Telesat’s dependence on outside contractors could result in delays related to the design, manufacture and launch of its new satellites, which could in turn adversely affect Telesat’s operating results and prospects. any delays in the design, construction or launch of Telesat’s satellites could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations. There are a limited number of manufacturers that are able to design and build satellites according to the technical specifications and standards of quality Telesat requires, including airbus Defense and space, Thales alenia space, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, MELCo, orbital and ssL. There are also a limited number of suppliers able to launch such satellites, including international Launch services, arianespace, Mitsubishi heavy industries, space Exploration Technologies Corp. (“spaceX”) and Lockheed Martin. should any of Telesat’s suppliers’ businesses fail, it would reduce competition and could increase the cost of satellites and launch services. adverse events with respect to any of Telesat’s manufacturers or launch suppliers could also result in the delay of the design, construction or launch of its satellites. For example, many of Telesat’s past launches were provided by international Launch services, an entity owned by the russian government. in response to the ongoing situation involving the russian Federation in the Ukraine, various governments have implemented economic and other sanctions against russia and its interests. U.s. law requires satellite manufacturers to obtain a license from the U.s. government for the export of certain prescribed U.s. technologies, if the export of the technology is to a russian counterparty. virtually all satellites manufactured outside of China contain prescribed U.s. technology. should the U.s. implement sanctions having the effect of blocking the export of satellites containing prescribed U.s. technologies to russian-controlled launch providers, it would lead to a reduction in launch alternatives and, as a result, could lead to increased launch costs or delays in the future, which could have an adverse impact on Telesat’s business. general economic conditions may also affect the ability of Telesat’s manufacturers and launch suppliers to provide services on commercially reasonable terms or to fulfill their obligations in terms of manufacturing schedules, launch dates, pricing or other items. Even where alternate suppliers for such services are available, Telesat may have difficulty identifying them in a timely manner, or may incur significant additional expense in changing suppliers, and this could result in difficulties or delays in the design, construction or launch of Telesat’s satellites. A natural disaster could diminish Telesat’s ability to provide communications services. natural disasters could damage or destroy Telesat’s ground stations resulting in a disruption of service to its customers. Telesat has in place certain operational procedures designed to protect its antennas and ground stations during natural disasters such as a hurricane, but these procedures may not be sufficient and the collateral effects of such disasters such as flooding may impair the functioning of its ground equipment and its ability to control its satellites. if a future natural disaster impairs or destroys any of Telesat’s ground facilities, Telesat may be unable to provide service to its customers in the affected area for a period of time. Telesat’s future reported net income could be adversely affected by impairments of the value of certain intangible assets. The assets on Telesat’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 include goodwill valued at approximately CaD 2.4 billion and other intangible assets valued at approximately CaD 324 million. a valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets (such as orbital locations) with indefinite useful lives is undertaken on an annual basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount is likely to exceed their recoverable amount. Telesat measures for impairment using a projected discounted cash flow method and confirms the assessment using other valuation methods. if the asset’s carrying value is more than its recoverable amount, the difference is recorded as a reduction in the amount of the asset on the balance sheet and an impairment charge in the consolidated statement of income (loss). Testing for impairment requires significant judgment by management to determine the assumptions used in the impairment analysis. any changes in the assumptions used could have a material impact on the impairment analysis and result in an impairment charge. Telesat cannot predict whether an event that triggers impairment will occur, when it will occur or how it will affect the reported asset values. if Telesat’s goodwill or other intangible assets are deemed to be impaired in whole or in part, it could be required to reduce or write off such assets, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition. 29 The content of third-party transmissions over Telesat’s satellites may affect Telesat since Telesat could be subject to sanctions by various governmental entities for the transmission of certain content. Telesat provides satellite capacity for transmissions by third parties. Telesat does not decide what content is transmitted over its satellites, although its contracts generally provide it with rights to prohibit certain types of content or to cease transmission or permit Telesat to require its customers to cease their transmissions under certain circumstances. a governmental body or other entity may object to some of the content carried over Telesat’s satellites, such as ‘‘adult services’’ video channels or content deemed political in nature. issues arising from the content of transmissions by these third parties over Telesat’s satellites could affect its future revenues, operations or relationship with certain governments or customers. Telesat’s failure to maintain or obtain authorizations under and comply with the U.S. export control and trade sanctions laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. The export of satellites and technical data related to satellites, earth station equipment and provision of services are subject to U.s. export control and economic sanctions laws, implemented by U.s. state Department, Commerce Department and Treasury Department regulations. if Telesat does not maintain its existing authorizations or obtain necessary future authorizations under the export control laws and regulations of the United states, it may be unable to export technical data or equipment to non-U.s. persons and companies, including to Telesat’s own non-U.s. employees, as required to fulfill existing contracts. if Telesat does not maintain its existing authorizations or obtain necessary future authorizations under and comply with the trade sanctions laws and regulations of the United states, it may not be able to provide satellite capacity and related administrative services to certain of its customers. violations of these laws and regulations can also result in civil and criminal sanctions or penalties. Telesat’s ability to acquire new satellites, launch new satellites or operate its satellites could also be negatively affected if its suppliers do not obtain required U.s. export authorizations. Telesat is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. Telesat’s operations internationally are subject to risks that are inherent in conducting business globally. Telesat is subject to compliance with the United states Foreign Corrupt practices act (“FCpa”) and other similar anti-corruption laws, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. While Telesat’s employees and contractors are required to comply with these laws, Telesat cannot be sure that its internal policies and procedures will always protect it from violations of these laws, despite Telesat’s commitment to legal compliance and corporate ethics. violations of these laws may result in severe criminal and civil sanctions as well as other penalties, and the sEC and U.s. Department of Justice have increased their enforcement activities with respect to the FCpa. The occurrence or allegation of these types of risks may adversely affect Telesat’s business, performance, financial condition and results of operations. III. Other Risks We have been pursuing and will continue to pursue a strategic transaction with respect to our interest in Telesat; there can be no assurance, however, as to when or whether we will be able to conclude any such transaction. our principal asset is our majority ownership interest in Telesat. in an effort to maximize shareholder value, we have been exploring, and are in discussions with psp regarding, potential strategic transactions to alter the status quo in our ownership of Telesat. subject to market conditions and the cooperation of psp, we continue to explore the combination of Loral and Telesat into one public company and/or the sale of Loral in connection with a sale of Telesat. also, in 2015, we exercised our right under the Telesat shareholders agreement (the “shareholders agreement”) to require that Telesat initiate a public offering, and we may further pursue this right in the event a combination transaction or a sale of Telesat is not likely to be achievable in a timely manner or on satisfactory terms. see “The initial public offering of Telesat and related governance changes that we have requested may not occur or may proceed in a manner contrary to our requests” below. There can be no assurance as to whether or when we will be able to conclude any strategic transaction or that any strategic initiatives or transaction involving Telesat or Loral may occur, or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to any initiative or transaction involving Telesat or Loral’s interest therein will be achieved. 30 We received a cash distribution from Telesat of $242.7 million; we intend to make a cash distribution to our stockholders from the proceeds of that distribution; there can be no assurance, however, as to the amount and timing of any such distribution to our stockholders. in the first quarter of 2017, we received $242.7 million in cash from Telesat, representing our share of an aggregate approximately $400 million distribution from Telesat to its shareholders and option holders. We intend to use the proceeds of such distribution, net of reasonable reserves for working capital and other liabilities, to make a distribution to our stockholders. There can be no assurance as to the amount and timing of any such distribution. The initial public offering of Telesat and related governance changes that we have requested may not occur or may proceed in a manner contrary to our requests. our shareholders agreement with psp regarding Telesat provides for either psp or Loral to initiate the process of conducting an initial public offering of the equity shares of Telesat (a “Telesat ipo”). in connection with our exploration of strategic initiatives to alter the status quo in our ownership of Telesat, in July 2015, we exercised our right under the shareholders agreement to require Telesat to conduct a Telesat ipo. specifically, we requested that Telesat issue not more than 25 million newly issued shares of Telesat voting common stock. We also requested the termination of the shareholders agreement and the elimination of certain provisions in Telesat’s articles of incorporation, both of which we believe are necessary to accommodate a successful public offering. if those provisions are eliminated, an impediment to the conversion of our non-voting Telesat shares to voting shares would be eliminated. Termination or modification of the shareholders agreement and conversion of our non-voting shares to voting shares would enable us, after a Telesat ipo and subject to the receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals, to obtain majority voting control of Telesat. Telesat selected two co-managing underwriters and informed us that it will work to implement a Telesat ipo pending our agreement with psp on governance matters following a Telesat ipo. To date, no such agreement has been reached. in the event a combination transaction that we are pursuing or a sale of Telesat is not likely to be achievable in a timely manner or on satisfactory terms (see “We have been pursuing and will continue to pursue a strategic transaction with respect to our interest in Telesat; there can be no assurance, however, as to when or whether we will be able to conclude any such transaction,” above), we may further pursue our right to a Telesat ipo. There can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms a Telesat ipo, termination or modification of the shareholders agreement or any requested changes to Telesat’s articles of incorporation may occur or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to a Telesat ipo will be achieved. if a Telesat ipo is expected to proceed under unfavorable terms or at an unfavorable price, we may withdraw our demand for a Telesat ipo. We and PSP may assert legal claims against one another relating to Telesat; there can be no assurance, however, that our claims will be successful or that the relief we seek will be granted or that PSP will not prevail on its claims. Depending upon the outcome of the strategic initiatives that we are pursuing (see “We have been pursuing and will continue to pursue a strategic transaction with respect to our interest in Telesat; there can be no assurance, however, as to when or whether we will be able to conclude any such transaction,” above), we may assert certain claims against psp for actions we believe violated our rights relating to the affairs of Telesat under the Telesat shareholders agreement and otherwise. in response to our claims, psp has informed us that it believes that it may have claims against us, although we are not aware of the legal or factual basis for any such claims. We and psp have agreed that, pending the outcome of our discussions relating to Telesat, it would be beneficial to delay the commencement of any action relating to either party’s claims and have entered into an agreement (the “Tolling agreement”) which preserves the parties’ rights to assert against one another legal claims relating to Telesat. We also included Telesat as a party to the Tolling agreement because, as a technical matter of Canadian law and for purposes of potentially seeking equitable relief, Telesat may be a necessary party. There can be no assurance that if the Tolling agreement lapses that we and psp will not pursue legal claims against one another relating to Telesat. if we pursue claims against psp, there can be no assurance that our claims will be successful or that the relief we seek will be granted. if psp pursues claims against us, there can be no assurance that psp will not prevail on its claims. 31 A public offering of stock in Telesat could adversely affect the market for, and price of, our common stock and the value of our interest in Telesat. if the Telesat ipo that we have requested occurs, it is uncertain whether the offering would include a primary offering of shares by Telesat, a secondary offering of shares by either or both of the Telesat shareholders or a combination of both types of offerings. it is also uncertain what effect the Telesat ipo (and any corporate restructuring required in connection with such offering under the terms of the Telesat shareholders agreement) would have on Loral’s governance rights in Telesat. Changes in our Telesat governance rights could adversely affect the value of our interest in Telesat and the price at which our common stock trades. in addition, a public market for Telesat equity would create a situation where there would be two separate public-market proxies for the value of Telesat – our stock and the Telesat stock. Telesat stock would represent a direct interest in Telesat, whereas the value of the common shares of Loral would also include other assets and liabilities, many of which are difficult to value. having both Telesat stock and our stock trading publicly could create confusion in the market and could adversely affect the liquidity and/or trading values of either our or Telesat’s common stock. Third parties have significant rights with respect to our affiliates. Third parties have significant rights with respect to, and we do not have control over management of, our affiliates. For example, while we own 62.7% of the participating shares of Telesat, we own only 32.7% of the voting power. also, hisdesat enjoys substantial approval rights in regard to XTar, our X-band joint venture. The rights of these third parties and fiduciary duties under applicable law could result in others acting or failing to act in ways that are not in our best interest. For example, it is likely that any strategic transaction involving Telesat or XTar that we wish to pursue will require the cooperation of our joint venture partners, and our partners may not share our objectives or wish to pursue a transaction in which we are interested or any transaction at all. The loss of executive officers and our inability to retain other key personnel could materially adversely affect our operations or ability to pursue strategic alternatives. Loral and Telesat rely on a number of key employees, including members of management and certain other employees possessing unique experience in technical and commercial aspects of the satellite services business. if Loral or Telesat are unable to retain these employees, it could be difficult to replace them. in addition, the business of Telesat, with its constant technological developments, must continue to attract highly qualified and technically skilled employees. in the future, the inability to retain or replace these employees, or the inability to attract new highly qualified employees, could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, business prospects and financial condition of Loral or Telesat. also, we have retained Michael B. Targoff, our former chief executive officer and president, as a consultant, in particular to provide assistance and guidance in the oversight of strategic matters relating to Telesat and XTar. The consulting agreement may be terminated by either the Company or Mr. Targoff at any time for any reason or for no reason on ten days prior notice. There can be no assurance that Mr. Targoff will not terminate the agreement, and, were he to do so, the ability of the Company to pursue strategic alternatives with regard to Telesat and XTar could be adversely affected. Interruption or failure of, or cyber-attacks on, Telesat’s or our information technology and communications systems could hurt Telesat’s or our ability to operate our respective businesses effectively, which could harm Telesat’s or our business and operating results. Telesat’s and our ability to operate our respective businesses depends, in part, on the continuing operation of Telesat’s and our information technology and communications systems, which are an integral part of Telesat’s and our businesses. We and Telesat rely on our information and communication systems, as well as software applications developed internally and externally to, among other things, effectively manage the accounting and financial functions, including maintaining internal controls, operate Telesat’s satellites and satellites for third parties, provide consulting services by Telesat to customers and transmit customer proprietary and/or confidential content and assist with other operations. although we and Telesat take steps to secure information technology and communications systems, including computer systems, intranet and internet sites, email and other telecommunications and data networks, the security measures implemented have not always been effective. 32 While we and Telesat continue to bolster systems with additional security measures, and, working with external experts, mitigate the risk of security breaches, systems may be vulnerable to theft, loss, damage and interruption from a number of potential sources and events, including unauthorized access or security breaches, inclement weather, natural or man-made disasters, earthquakes, explosions, terrorist attacks, floods, fires, cyber-attacks, computer viruses, power loss, telecommunications or equipment failures, transportation interruptions, accidents or other disruptive events or attempts to harm our or Telesat’s systems. in addition, Telesat’s and our facilities are also potentially vulnerable to break-ins, sabotage and intentional acts of vandalism. Moreover, some of these systems are not fully redundant, and disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. Telesat’s and our business and operations could be adversely affected if, as a result of a significant cyber event or otherwise, operations are disrupted or shut down, confidential or proprietary information is stolen or disclosed, Telesat loses customers, costs are incurred or fines are required in connection with confidential or export-controlled information that is disclosed, significant resources are dedicated to system repairs or to increase cyber security protection or we or Telesat otherwise incur significant litigation or other costs as a result of any such event. While Telesat’s or our insurance coverage could offset losses relating to some of these types of events, to the extent any such losses are not covered by insurance, a serious disruption to systems could significantly limit Telesat’s or our ability to manage and operate our business efficiently, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition. MHR may be viewed as our controlling stockholder and may have conflicts of interest with us in the future. as of December 31, 2016, various funds affiliated with Mhr and Dr. rachesky held approximately 39.9% of the outstanding voting common stock of Loral as well as all issued and outstanding shares of Loral non-voting common stock, which, when taken together, represent approximately 58.4% of the outstanding common equity of Loral as of December 31, 2016. as of February 17, 2017, representatives of Mhr occupy two of the seven seats on our board of directors. one seat on our board, previously occupied by a former managing principal of Mhr, is currently vacant. in addition, one of our other directors was selected by the creditors’ committee in our predecessor’s chapter 11 cases, in which Mhr served as the chairman. Conflicts of interests may arise in the future between us and Mhr. For example, Mhr and its affiliated funds are in the business of making investments in companies and may acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. Under our agreement with psp, subject to certain exceptions, in the event that either (i) ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by Dr. rachesky, of our voting stock falls below certain levels other than in certain specific circumstances or (ii) there is a change in the composition of a majority of the members of the Loral board of directors over a consecutive two-year period without the approval of the incumbent directors, we will lose our veto rights relating to certain actions by Telesat. in addition, after either of these events, psp will have certain rights to enable it to exit from its investment in Telesat, including a right to cause Telesat to conduct an initial public offering in which psp’s shares would be the first shares offered or, if no such offering has occurred within one year due to a lack of cooperation from Loral or Telesat, to cause the sale of Telesat and to drag along the other shareholders in such sale, subject to our right to call psp’s shares at fair market value. There is a thin trading market for our voting common stock. Trading activity in our voting common stock, which is listed on the nasDaQ national Market, has generally been light, averaging approximately 68,300 shares per day for the year ended December 31, 2016. Moreover, over 50% of our voting common stock is effectively held by Mhr and several other stockholders. if any of our significant stockholders should sell some or all of their holdings, it will likely have an adverse effect on our share price. although the funds affiliated with Mhr have restrictions on their ability to sell our shares under U.s. securities laws, we have filed a shelf registration statement in respect of the voting common stock and non-voting common stock they hold in Loral that effectively eliminates such restrictions. such funds also have other demand and piggyback registration rights in respect of their Loral voting common stock and non-voting common stock that would also, if exercised, effectively eliminate such restrictions. The market for our voting common stock could be adversely affected by future issuance of significant amounts of our voting common stock. as of December 31, 2016, 21,427,078 shares of our voting common stock and 9,505,673 shares of our non-voting common stock were outstanding. on that date, there were also outstanding 75,262 vested restricted stock units. These restricted stock units may be settled either in cash or Loral voting common stock at the Company’s option. 33 sales of significant amounts of our voting common stock to the public, or the perception that those sales could happen, could adversely affect the market for, and the trading price of, our voting common stock. Changes in tax rates or policies or changes to our tax liabilities could affect operating results. We are subject to U.s. federal, state and local income taxation on our worldwide income and foreign taxes on certain income from sources outside the United states. significant judgment is required to determine and estimate our tax liabilities, and our future annual and quarterly tax rates could be affected by numerous factors, including changes in the applicable tax laws, composition of earnings in countries or states with differing tax rates or our valuation and utilization of deferred tax assets and liabilities. in addition, we are subject to regular examination of our income tax returns by the internal revenue service and other taxing authorities. although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, we regularly evaluate the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, and there can be no assurance that any final determination by a taxing authority will not result in additional tax liability which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. The future use of tax attributes is limited. as of December 31, 2016, we had various tax attributes including federal net operating loss carryforwards, or noLs, of approximately $270.9 million, state noLs, primarily California ($6.1 million) and new York ($2.2 million), and federal and state tax credits, that are available to offset future tax liability (see notes 2 and 8 to the Loral consolidated financial statements for a description of the accounting treatment of such tax attributes). as our reorganization on november 21, 2005 constituted an “ownership change” under section 382 of the internal revenue Code, our ability to use these tax attributes existing at such effective date, is subject to an annual limitation of approximately $32.6 million, subject to increase or decrease based on certain factors. if Loral experiences an additional “ownership change” during any three-year period after november 21, 2005, future use of these tax attributes may become further limited. an ownership change may be triggered by sales or acquisitions of Loral equity interests in excess of 50% by shareholders owning five percent or more of our total equity value, i.e., the total market value of our equity interests, as determined on any applicable testing date. We would be adversely affected by an additional “ownership change” if, at the time of such change, the total market value of our equity multiplied by the federal applicable long-term tax exempt rate, which at December 31, 2016 was 1.68%, was less than $32.6 million. as of December 31, 2016, the total market value of our equity ($1.3 billion) multiplied by the federal applicable long-term tax exempt rate was approximately $21.3 million. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt practices act, or the FCpa, which generally prohibits U.s. companies and their intermediaries from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment, and requires companies to maintain adequate record-keeping and internal accounting practices to accurately reflect the transactions of the company. The FCpa applies to companies, individual directors, officers, employees and agents. Under the FCpa, U.s. companies may be held liable for actions taken by strategic or local partners or representatives. if we, our intermediaries or companies in which we have an interest, such as Telesat and XTar, fail to comply with the requirements of the FCpa, governmental authorities in the United states could seek to impose civil and/or criminal penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial conditions and cash flows. Accounting standards periodically change and the application of our accounting policies and methods may require management to make estimates about matters that are uncertain. The regulatory bodies that establish accounting standards, including, among others, the Financial accounting standards Board, or the FasB, and the U.s. securities and Exchange Commission, or the sEC, periodically revise or issue new financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The effect of such revised or new standards on our consolidated financial statements can be difficult to predict and can materially affect how we record and report our results of operations and financial condition. in addition, our management must exercise judgment in appropriately applying many of our accounting policies and methods so they comply with generally accepted accounting principles. in some cases, the accounting policy or method chosen might be reasonable under the circumstances and yet might result in our reporting materially different amounts than would have been reported if we had selected a different policy or method. accounting policies are critical to fairly presenting our results of operations and financial condition and may require management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments about matters that are uncertain. 34 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments none. Item 2. Properties Corporate We lease approximately 9,000 square feet of space for our corporate offices in new York, nY. Satellite Services Telesat’s primary sCC is located at its headquarters in ottawa, ontario. This facility operates 14 of Telesat’s 15 satellites as well as viasat-1 and numerous other satellites for third parties. Telesat’s Telstar 14r/Estrela do sul 2 satellite is operated from Telesat’s sCC in rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Telesat leases approximately 112,000 rentable square feet for its ottawa headquarters pursuant to a lease which commenced February 1, 2009 and provides for a 15 year term (terminable by Telesat Canada at any time after 10 years upon two years notice). in January 2017, Telesat gave notice that it would be terminating its lease effective January 31, 2019. The allan park earth station, located northwest of Toronto, ontario on approximately 65 acres of owned land, houses a customer support center and a technical control center. This facility is the single point of contact for Telesat’s international customers and is also the main earth station complex providing TT&C services for the satellites Telesat operates. The allan park earth station also houses Telesat’s backup sCC for the nimiq and anik satellites. The back-up satellite control center for the Telstar satellites is located at the Mount Jackson earth station. Telesat would have the functional ability to restore satellite control services via the allan park and Mount Jackson back-up control centers if Telesat’s primary sCCs became disabled. Telesat also operates 12 other earth stations in Canada, the United states, Brazil and australia. in addition to these facilities, Telesat leases facilities for administrative and sales offices in various locations throughout Canada and the United states as well as in Brazil, England and singapore. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We discuss certain legal proceedings against the Company in the notes to the Loral consolidated financial statements and refer you to that discussion for important information concerning those legal proceedings, including the basis for such actions and relief sought. see note 14 to the Loral consolidated financial statements for this discussion. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures not applicable 35 Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (a) Market Price and Dividend Information PART II Loral’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the total authorized capital stock of the Company is eighty million (80,000,000) shares consisting of two classes: (i) seventy million (70,000,000) shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, divided into two series, of which 50,000,000 shares are voting common stock and 20,000,000 shares are non-voting common stock and (ii) ten million (10,000,000) shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. Each share of voting common stock and each share of non-voting common stock are identical and are treated equally in all respects, except that the non- voting common stock does not have voting rights except as set forth in article iv(a)(iv) of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and as otherwise provided by law. article iv(a)(iv) of Loral’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that article iv(a) of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which provides for, among other things, the equal treatment of the non-voting common stock with the voting common stock, may not be amended, altered or repealed without the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the non-voting common stock, voting as a separate class. Except as otherwise provided in the amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws of Loral, each holder of Loral voting common stock is entitled to one vote in respect of each share of Loral voting common stock held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. holders of shares of Loral common stock are entitled to share equally, share for share in dividends when and as declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available for such dividends. Upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Loral, the assets of Loral available to stockholders will be distributed equally per share to the holders of Loral common stock. The holders of Loral common stock do not have any cumulative voting rights. Loral common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to Loral common stock. all outstanding shares of Loral common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. our voting common stock trades on the nasDaQ national Market under the ticker symbol “LorL.” The table below sets forth the high and low sales prices of Loral voting common stock as reported on the nasDaQ national Market from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2016. Year ended December 31, 2016 Quarter ended December 31, 2016 Quarter ended september 30, 2016 Quarter ended June 30, 2016 Quarter ended March 31, 2016 Year ended December 31, 2015 Quarter ended December 31, 2015 Quarter ended september 30, 2015 Quarter ended June 30, 2015 Quarter ended March 31, 2015 $ $ High Low 42.20 $ 40.17 41.04 40.57 51.77 $ 67.80 70.35 79.13 35.55 33.85 32.04 29.55 35.10 46.42 62.53 65.70 There is no established trading market for the Company’s non-voting common stock. all of the shares of non-voting common stock were issued pursuant to the exemption from the registration requirements of the securities act of 1933, as amended (the “securities act”) provided by section 4(2) of the securities act. (b) Approximate Number of Holders of Common Stock at February 17, 2017, there were 188 holders of record of our voting common stock and five holders of record of our non-voting common stock. 36 (c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities in 2011 and 2012, Loral repurchased 154,494 shares of its voting common stock pursuant to a share repurchase program approved by Loral’s Board of Directors. These shares have been recorded as treasury shares. (d) Dividends Loral’s ability to pay dividends or distributions on its common stock will depend upon its earnings, financial condition and capital needs and other factors deemed pertinent by the Board of Directors. Loral has not paid any dividends on its common stock for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. in the first quarter of 2017 we received a $242.7 million cash distribution from Telesat. We intend to use the proceeds of such distribution, net of reasonable reserves for working capital and other liabilities, to make a distribution to our stockholders. There can be no assurance as to the amount and timing of any such distribution. (e) Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans see note 10 to the Loral consolidated financial statements for information regarding the Company’s stock incentive plan. Compensation information required by item 11 will be presented in the Company’s 2017 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by an amendment to this annual report on Form 10-K. 37 (f) Comparison of Cumulative Total Returns set forth below is a graph comparing the cumulative performance of our voting common stock with the nasDaQ Composite index and the nasDaQ Telecommunications index from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2016. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2011 in each of our voting common stock, the nasDaQ Composite index and the nasDaQ Telecommunications index and that all dividends were reinvested. The nasDaQ Telecommunications index is a capitalization weighted index designed to measure the performance of all nasDaQ-traded stocks in the telecommunications sector, including satellite technology companies. 38 Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following table sets forth our selected historical financial and operating data for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2016. The information set forth in the following table should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and analysis of Financial Condition and results of operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. (In thousands, except per share data) 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2015 2012 Statement of operations data: Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of affiliates income tax (provision) benefit (1) (Loss) income from continuing operations before equity in net income (loss) of affiliates Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates (2) income (loss) from continuing operations (Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax (3) net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders $ (8,001) $ (28,507) (10,188) $ 45,476 (8,030) $ 8,105 (15,530) $ (1,841) (27,213) 93,315 (36,508) 84,078 47,570 (370) 47,200 35,288 (104,792) (69,504) (778) (70,282) 75 (1,502) (1,427) (24,402) (25,829) (17,371) 38,827 21,456 (4,877) 16,579 66,102 34,340 100,442 320,649 421,322 Income (loss) per share: Basic income (loss) per share Continuing operations Discontinued operations Diluted income (loss) per share Continuing operations Discontinued operations Dividend and Distribution Data: Cash dividends declared per share Cash distributions declared per share Balance sheet data: Cash and cash equivalents Total assets non-current liabilities Total liabilities Loral shareholders’ equity $ $ $ $ $ 1.54 $ (0.01) 1.53 $ 1.50 $ (0.01) 1.49 $ ― $ ― ― ― (2.25) $ (0.03) (2.28) $ (2.25) $ (0.03) (2.28) $ ― $ ― ― ― (0.05) $ (0.79) (0.84) $ (0.05) $ (0.79) (0.84) $ ― $ ― ― ― 0.70 $ (0.16) 0.54 $ 0.67 $ (0.16) 0.51 $ ― $ ― ― ― 3.27 10.45 13.72 3.22 10.35 13.57 417,606 13.60 892,147 29.00 2016 2015 December 31, 2014 2013 2012 $ 37,458 $ 264,231 87,692 93,820 170,411 58,853 $ 214,618 91,697 106,128 108,490 51,433 $ 304,626 113,262 128,986 175,640 5,926 $ 327,740 110,120 119,830 207,910 87,370 378,992 121,015 192,531 186,461 39 (1) The income tax (provision) benefit for each period included the impact of equity in net income (loss) of affiliates reflected below. During 2012, we recorded an $86.7 million income tax benefit after the statute of limitations for assessment of additional tax expired with regard to certain uncertain tax positions (“UTps”) related to old Loral and several of our federal and state income tax returns filed for 2007 and 2008. (2) our principal affiliate is Telesat. Loral also has investments in XTar and joint ventures providing globalstar service, which are accounted for under the equity method. (3) (Loss) income from discontinued operations resulted from the sale of our wholly-owned subsidiary, ssL, to MDa, in 2012 (see notes 1 and 14 to the Loral consolidated financial statements). in 2014, the loss from discontinued operations primarily comprises an increase to our indemnification liability related to the sale of ssL pursuant to the viasat suit settlement agreement and allocation agreement, and, in 2012, we recorded a gain of $308.6 million, net of tax, on the sale of ssL, which closed on november 2, 2012. 40 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements (the “financial statements”) included in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K . Loral space & Communications inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries, is a leading satellite communications company engaged, through our ownership interests in affiliates, in satellite-based communications services. Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements Except for the historical information contained in the following discussion and analysis, the matters discussed below are not historical facts, but are “forward- looking statements” as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, we or our representatives have made and may continue to make forward-looking statements, orally or in writing, in other contexts. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “expects,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “project,” “intend,” or “outlook” or other variations of these words. These statements, including without limitation those relating to Telesat, are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict or quantify. Actual events or results may differ materially as a result of a wide variety of factors and conditions, many of which are beyond our control. For a detailed discussion of these and other factors and conditions, please refer to the Risk Factors section above, the Commitments and Contingencies section below and to our other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We operate in an industry sector in which the value of securities may be volatile and may be influenced by economic and other factors beyond our control. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. 41 Overview Business Loral has one operating segment consisting of satellite-based communications services. Loral participates in satellite services operations through its ownership interest in Telesat Canada (“Telesat”), a leading global fixed satellite services operator, with offices and facilities around the world. Telesat provides its satellite and communication services from a fleet of satellites that occupy Canadian and other orbital locations. Loral holds a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.7% voting interest in Telesat as of December 31, 2016. our economic interest decreased from 62.8% to 62.7% in March 2016 when certain Telesat employees exercised share appreciation rights related to a total of 178,642 stock options granted under Telesat’s share-based compensation plan and received 129,400 non-voting participating preferred shares. at December 31, 2016, Telesat, with approximately $3.2 billion of backlog, provided satellite services to customers from its fleet of 15 in-orbit satellites. in addition, Telesat owns the Canadian payload on the viasat-1 satellite, has two other geostationary satellites under construction and has an additional two prototype Ka-band satellites under construction which will be deployed in low earth orbit (“LEo”). These LEo prototypes are expected to be launched in 2017 as the first phase of Telesat’s planned global LEo constellation that it is currently developing. Telesat also manages the operations of additional satellites for third parties. The satellite services business is capital intensive and the build-out of a satellite fleet requires substantial time and investment. once the investment in a satellite is made, the incremental costs to maintain and operate the satellite are relatively low over the life of the satellite, with the exception of in-orbit insurance. Telesat has been able to generate a large contracted revenue backlog by entering into long-term contracts with some of its customers for all or substantially all of a satellite’s life. historically, this has resulted in revenue from the satellite services business being fairly predictable. Telesat’s desirable spectrum rights, commitment to providing the highest level of customer service, deep technical expertise and culture of innovation have enabled it to successfully develop its business to date. Leveraging these strengths and building on its existing contractual revenue backlog, Telesat’s focus is on profitably growing its business by increasing the utilization of its in-orbit satellites and, in a disciplined manner, deploying expansion satellite capacity where strong market demand is anticipated. Telesat currently has under construction two geostationary satellites, Telstar 18 vanTagE and Telstar 19 vanTagE, and the aforementioned LEo prototype satellites. We believe that Telesat is well positioned to serve its customers and the markets in which it participates. Telesat actively pursues opportunities to develop new satellites, particularly in conjunction with current or prospective customers who will commit to long-term service agreements prior to the time the satellite construction contract is signed. however, while Telesat regularly pursues these opportunities, it does not procure additional or replacement satellites until it believes there is a demonstrated need and a sound business plan for such satellite capacity. Telesat anticipates that the relatively fixed cost nature of the business, combined with increasing demand for satellite services, will over time produce growth in operating income and cash flow. in 2017, Telesat remains focused on increasing utilization of its existing satellites, the construction of its new satellites and identifying and pursuing opportunities to invest in expansion satellite capacity, all while maintaining operating discipline. on november 17, 2016, Telesat entered into amended senior secured credit facilities which provide for term loan borrowings of $2.43 billion which mature on november 17, 2023 and revolving credit borrowings of up to $200 million (or Canadian dollar equivalent) which mature on november 17, 2021. Telesat also issued, through a private placement, $500 million of 8.875% senior notes which mature on november 17, 2024. on november 17, 2016, Telesat repaid all outstanding amounts under its former senior secured credit facilities and its 6.0% senior notes. 42 on February 1, 2017, Telesat amended the senior secured credit facilities to effectively reprice the then outstanding term loan borrowings of $2.424 billion. Telesat’s operating results are subject to fluctuations as a result of exchange rate variations. During 2016, approximately 51% of Telesat’s revenues, 41% of its operating expenses, 90% of its interest expense and a majority of its capital expenditures were denominated in U.s. dollars. The most significant impact of variations in the exchange rate is on the U.s. dollar denominated debt financing. as of December 31, 2016, Telesat’s U.s. dollar denominated debt totaled $2.9 billion. as of December 31, 2016, a five percent increase (decrease) in the Canadian dollar against the U.s. dollar would have increased (decreased) Telesat’s net income by approximately $122 million. This analysis assumes all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant. Sale of SSL on november 2, 2012, Loral completed the sale of ssL to MDa. pursuant to the purchase agreement dated as of June 26, 2012, as amended on october 30, 2012 and March 28, 2013, by and among Loral, ssL, MDa and MDa holdings, Loral agreed to indemnify MDa and its affiliates from certain damages in the viasat suit brought in 2012 by viasat against Loral and ssL. on september 5, 2014, Loral, ssL and viasat entered into the settlement agreement pursuant to which the viasat suit and an additional patent infringement and breach of contract lawsuit brought by viasat against ssL in september 2013 were settled. Loral was also released by MDa, MDa holdings and ssL from indemnification claims relating to the viasat lawsuits under the purchase agreement. The terms of the settlement agreement provided, among other things, for payment by Loral and ssL to viasat on a joint and several basis of $100 million, $40 million of which was paid in september 2014 in connection with entering into the settlement agreement, with the remaining $60 million payable with interest in ten equal quarterly installments of $6.9 million from october 15, 2014 through January 15, 2017. Following a mediation session held on December 1, 2014, Loral and MDa entered into the allocation agreement, pursuant to which Loral and MDa agreed that Loral was responsible for $45 million, and MDa and ssL were responsible for $55 million, of the $100 million litigation settlement with viasat. as of December 31, 2016, Loral had paid $43.3 million, including interest, toward the viasat settlement. pursuant to the allocation agreement, Loral paid viasat $11.2 million in 2016 and the final installment of $2.8 million in January 2017. General our principal asset is our majority ownership interest in Telesat. in an effort to maximize shareholder value, we have been exploring, and are in discussions with psp regarding, potential strategic transactions to alter the status quo in our ownership of Telesat. subject to market conditions and the cooperation of psp, we continue to explore the combination of Loral and Telesat into one public company and/or the sale of Loral in connection with a sale of Telesat. also, as described more fully below, we have exercised our right to require that Telesat initiate a public offering, and we may further pursue this right in the event a combination transaction or a sale of Telesat is not likely to be achievable in a timely manner or on satisfactory terms. There can be no assurance as to whether or when we will be able to conclude any strategic transaction or that any strategic initiatives or transaction involving Telesat or Loral may occur, or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to any initiative or transaction involving Telesat or Loral’s interest therein will be achieved. in the first quarter of 2017, we received $242.7 million in cash from Telesat, representing our share of an aggregate approximately $400 million distribution from Telesat to its shareholders and option holders. We intend to use the proceeds of such distribution, net of reasonable reserves for working capital and other liabilities, to make a distribution to our stockholders. There can be no assurance as to the amount and timing of any such distribution. 43 as mentioned above, we have the right under the Telesat shareholders agreement to require Telesat to conduct an initial public offering of its equity shares (a “Telesat ipo”), and, in July 2015, we exercised this right. specifically, we requested that Telesat issue not more than 25 million newly issued shares of Telesat voting common stock. We also requested the termination of the shareholders agreement and the elimination of certain provisions in Telesat’s articles of incorporation, both of which we believe are important for a successful public offering. if those provisions are eliminated, an impediment to the conversion of our non-voting Telesat shares to voting shares would be eliminated. Termination or modification of the shareholders agreement and conversion of our non-voting shares to voting shares would enable us, after a Telesat ipo and subject to the receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals, to obtain majority voting control of Telesat. Telesat selected two co-managing underwriters and informed us that it will work to implement a Telesat ipo pending our agreement with psp on governance matters following a Telesat ipo. To date, no such agreement has been reached. in the event a combination transaction that we are pursuing or a sale of Telesat as described above is not likely to be achievable in a timely manner or on satisfactory terms, we may further pursue our right to a Telesat ipo. There can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms a Telesat ipo, termination or modification of the shareholders agreement or any requested changes to Telesat’s articles of incorporation may occur or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to a Telesat ipo will be achieved. if a Telesat ipo is expected to proceed under unfavorable terms or at an unfavorable price, we may withdraw our demand for a Telesat ipo. Depending upon the outcome of the strategic initiatives discussed above, we may assert certain claims against psp for actions we believe violated our rights relating to the affairs of Telesat under the Telesat shareholders agreement and otherwise. in response to our claims, psp has informed us that it believes that it may have claims against us, although we are not aware of the legal or factual basis for any such claims. We and psp have agreed that, pending the outcome of our discussions relating to Telesat, it would be beneficial to delay the commencement of any action relating to either party’s claims and have entered into an agreement (the “Tolling agreement”) which preserves the parties’ rights to assert against one another legal claims relating to Telesat. We also included Telesat as a party to the Tolling agreement because, as a technical matter of Canadian law and for purposes of potentially seeking equitable relief, Telesat may be a necessary party. There can be no assurance that if the Tolling agreement lapses that we and psp will not pursue legal claims against one another relating to Telesat. if we pursue claims against psp, there can be no assurance that our claims will be successful or that the relief we seek will be granted. if psp pursues claims against us, there can be no assurance that psp will not prevail on its claims. Loral may, from time to time, explore and evaluate other possible strategic transactions and alliances which may include joint ventures and strategic relationships as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. in order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds are likely to be required. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all. in connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat in 2007, Loral has agreed that, subject to certain exceptions described in the shareholders agreement, for so long as Loral has an interest in Telesat, it will not compete in the business of leasing, selling or otherwise furnishing fixed satellite service, broadcast satellite service or audio and video broadcast direct to home service using transponder capacity in the C-band, Ku-band and Ka-band (including in each case extended band) frequencies and the business of providing end-to-end data solutions on networks comprised of earth terminals, space segment, and, where appropriate, networking hubs. Consolidated Operating Results please refer to Critical accounting Matters set forth below in this section. 2016 Compared with 2015 and 2015 Compared with 2014 The following compares our consolidated results for 2016, 2015 and 2014 as presented in our financial statements: General and Administrative Expenses general and administrative expenses $ 6,726 $ 6,530 $ 5,330 general and administrative expenses increased by $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily due to $0.8 million of income earned during the year ended December 31, 2015 under the viasat-1 revenue share arrangement with Telesat which expired in December 2015 (see note 15 to the financial statements) and a $0.3 million increase in professional fees, partially offset by pension charges to XTar of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a $0.3 million reduction in accrued expenses and a $0.2 million reduction in consulting charges. 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) 2014 44 general and administrative expenses increased by $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to (i) a $0.9 million increase in postretirement benefit expense resulting from the settlement of certain retiree medical liabilities, a higher pension insurance premium charged by the pBgC and amortization of actuarial losses incurred in 2014, (ii) a $0.2 million decrease in the viasat-1 revenue share due primarily to the impact of the change in the U.s. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate on Canadian dollar denominated revenue and (iii) a $0.2 million increase in consulting charges. Interest and Investment Income interest and investment income $ 194 $ 138 $ 581 interest and investment income for 2016 and 2015 consists primarily of interest on our cash balance. The decrease from 2014 to 2015 was primarily the result of a $33.7 million principal payment received on March 31, 2015. The principal payment related to a promissory note received in connection with the sale (the “Land note”). 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) 2014 Other Expense other expense 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) 2014 $ 1,449 $ 3,779 $ 3,266 other expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is primarily comprised of expenses related to the evaluation of strategic initiatives. see overview – General . Income Tax (Provision) Benefit 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) 2014 income tax (provision) benefit $ (28,507) $ 45,476 $ 8,105 For 2016, we recorded a current tax benefit of $1.0 million and a deferred tax provision of $29.5 million, resulting in a total tax provision of $28.5 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $8.0 million. For 2015, we recorded a current tax benefit of $5.8 million and a deferred tax benefit of $39.7 million, resulting in a total tax benefit of $45.5 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $10.2 million. For 2014, we recorded a current tax provision of $2.2 million and a deferred tax benefit of $10.3 million, resulting in a total tax benefit of $8.1 million on a pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $8.0 million. The deferred tax (provision) benefit for each period included the impact of equity in net income (loss) of affiliates from our consolidated statement of operations. For each period presented, the statute of limitations for the assessment of additional tax expired with regard to several of our federal and state UTps and certain other UTps were settled. as a result, the reduction to our liability for UTps provided a current tax benefit, partially offset by an additional provision for the potential payment of interest on our remaining UTps. in December 2014, we received a $10.6 million tax refund from the carryback of our 2013 federal tax loss against the taxes previously paid for 2012. For 2014, the current tax provision of $2.2 million included a reduction to the benefit recorded in 2013 from the carryback of this federal tax loss after having made lower contributions to our qualified pension plan in 2014 than originally anticipated. For 2014, the deferred tax benefit also included an increase to our federal noL carryforward from the enhanced extraterritorial income exclusion provided by former section 114 of the internal revenue Code. Without the sale, we would not have remeasured the extraterritorial income exclusion because it would have provided only a minimal cash tax benefit. 45 subsequent to the sale, to the extent that profitability from operations is not sufficient to realize the benefit from our remaining net deferred tax assets, we would generate sufficient taxable income from the appreciated value of our Telesat investment in order to prevent federal net operating losses from expiring and realize the benefit of all remaining deferred tax assets. see Critical accounting Matters — Taxation below for discussion of our accounting method for income taxes. Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Affiliates Telesat XTar 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) 84,078 $ — 84,078 $ (74,329) $ (30,463) (104,792) $ 2014 24,698 (26,200) (1,502) $ $ The following is a reconciliation of the changes in our investment in Telesat for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: opening Balance, January 1, Equity in net income (loss) of Telesat Eliminations of affiliate transactions and related amortization Unrecognized loss as of December 31, 2015 proportionate share of Telesat other comprehensive (loss) income Unrecognized other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2015 Ending balance, December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 (In thousands) — $ 140,604 1,398 (57,924) 3,045 20,827 107,950 $ 74,329 (131,038) (1,215) 57,924 20,827 (20,827) — $ $ as of December 31, 2016, we held a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.7% voting interest in Telesat. Loral’s equity in net income of Telesat is based on our proportionate share of Telesat’s results in accordance with U.s. gaap and in U.s. dollars. The amortization of Telesat fair value adjustments applicable to the Loral skynet assets and liabilities acquired by Telesat in 2007 is proportionately eliminated in determining our share of the net income or loss of Telesat. our equity in net income or loss of Telesat also reflects amortization of profits eliminated, to the extent of our economic interest in Telesat, on satellites we constructed for Telesat while we owned ssL and on Loral’s sale to Telesat in april 2011 of its portion of the payload on the viasat-1 satellite and related assets. as of December 31, 2015, we had an unrecorded equity loss in Telesat of $57.9 million, the amount by which our share of Telesat’s losses together with cash distributions we received from Telesat exceeded our recorded cumulative equity in net income of Telesat and our initial investment in Telesat. in following the equity method of accounting, our investment balance in Telesat was reduced to zero as of December 31, 2015. in addition, our equity in Telesat’s other comprehensive income that we could not record as of December 31, 2015 was $20.8 million. We recognized this $57.9 million equity loss and our $20.8 million share in the equity of Telesat’s other comprehensive income in 2016. 46 summary financial information for Telesat in accordance with U.s. gaap in Canadian dollars and U.s. dollars for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 follows (in thousands): statement of operations Data: revenues operating expenses Depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation Loss on disposition of long lived assets operating income interest expense Loss on refinancing Foreign exchange gain (loss) gain on financial instruments other income income tax provision net income (loss) average exchange rate for translating Canadian dollars to U.s. dollars ( 1 U.s. dollar equals) 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In Canadian dollars) 2014 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In U.S. dollars) 2014 931,101 (184,254) 954,157 (178,607) 920,856 (178,075) 703,131 (139,141) 751,684 (140,706) 837,440 (161,944) (259,258) (2,565) 485,024 (192,393) (16,216) 90,999 1,290 6,078 (77,827) 296,955 (242,430) (30) 533,090 (176,165) — (541,991) 9,914 4,661 (94,499) (264,990) (254,943) (304) 487,534 (200,563) — (255,411) 77,931 3,056 (67,025) 45,522 (195,781) (1,937) 366,272 (145,288) (12,246) 68,719 974 4,590 (58,772) 224,249 (190,985) (24) 419,969 (138,783) — (426,980) 7,810 3,672 (74,447) (208,759) (231,849) (276) 443,371 (182,395) — (232,275) 70,872 2,779 (60,954) 41,398 1.3253 1.2714 1.1001 Balance sheet Data: Current assets Total assets Current liabilities Long-term debt, including current portion Total liabilities shareholders’ equity period end exchange rate for translating Canadian dollars to U.s. dollars (1 U.s. dollar equals) As of December 31, 2016 2015 (In Canadian dollars) As of December 31, 2016 2015 (In U.S. dollars) 911,785 5,637,164 207,226 3,868,252 4,834,804 802,360 786,202 5,548,543 259,465 4,108,490 5,031,747 516,796 678,361 4,194,006 154,173 2,877,950 3,597,056 596,950 568,106 4,009,352 187,488 2,968,776 3,635,918 373,434 1.3441 1.3839 Telesat’s revenue decreased by $49 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 due primarily to the unfavorable impact of the change in the U.s. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate on Canadian dollar denominated revenue, lower enterprise revenue from customers in the energy and resource sector, the reduction in broadcast services for an international customer, lower equipment sales, a reduction in revenue from Canadian spectrum license fees and lower consulting activities, partially offset by higher revenue from certain government services. Telesat’s revenue excluding foreign exchange impact decreased by $34 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Telesat’s revenue decreased by $86 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 due primarily to the impact of the change in the U.s. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate on Canadian dollar denominated revenue, lower revenue from customers in the energy and resource industries and lower equipment sales. Telesat’s revenue, excluding foreign exchange impact, would have decreased by $29 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. 47 Telesat’s operating income decreased by $54 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily due to the revenue decrease described above, a $11.9 million expense related to development of LEo satellites in 2016, increased depreciation expense resulting from the first full year of depreciation for the Telstar 12 vanTagE satellite which entered service in December 2015 and increased performance-based compensation and certain employee benefits expenses, partially offset by the change in the U.s. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate on Canadian dollar denominated expenses, lower third party satellite capacity expenses, lower in-orbit insurance expenses, lower Canadian spectrum license fees, lower equipment sales and lower depreciation expense due to the end of the useful lives, for accounting purposes, of the nimiq 2 and anik F1 satellites in February 2015 and February 2016, respectively. Telesat’s operating income excluding foreign exchange impact decreased by $51 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Telesat’s operating income decreased by $23 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 primarily due to the revenue decrease described above and the start of depreciation of the Telstar 12 vanTagE satellite that entered service in December 2015. The foregoing decreases to operating income were partially offset by the impact of the change in the U.s. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate on Canadian dollar denominated expenses, a decrease in depreciation expense due to the end of useful life, for accounting purposes, of the nimiq 2 satellite in February 2015, a decrease in amortization of intangible assets, a decrease in share-based compensation expense, a decrease in in-orbit insurance expense, lower bad debt expense and lower cost of sales related to lower equipment sales. Telesat’s operating income excluding foreign exchange impact would have decreased by $9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. Loss on refinancing of $12.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily represents the write-off of deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums on Telesat’s former senior secured credit facilities and 6.0% senior notes as a result of the refinancing in november 2016. Telesat’s operating results are subject to fluctuations as a result of exchange rate variations to the extent that transactions are made in currencies other than Canadian dollars. Telesat’s main currency exposures as of December 31, 2016, lie in its U.s. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and debt financing. The most significant impact of variations in the exchange rate is on the U.s. dollar denominated debt financing. as of December 31, 2016, Telesat’s U.s. dollar denominated debt totaled $2.9 billion. as of December 31, 2016, a five percent increase (decrease) in the Canadian dollar against the U.s. dollar would have increased (decreased) Telesat’s net income by approximately $122 million. This analysis assumes all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant. The equity losses in XTar, our 56% owned joint venture, represent our share of XTar losses incurred in connection with its operations and other-than- temporary impairment of our investment in XTar due to a decline in its fair value. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying value of our investment in XTar was zero as a result of the decline in its fair value that was determined to be other-than-temporary. The value of our investment in XTar was determined based on the income approach by discounting projected annual cash flows to their present value using a rate of return appropriate for the risk of achieving the projected cash flows. We recorded non-cash impairment charges of $21.2 million and $18.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to our investment in XTar. The impairment charge recorded in 2014 was primarily due to a decline in XTar’s revenues by approximately 17% from 2013 to 2014 resulting in a reassessment of our revenue expectations for future years. in 2015, we recorded additional impairment charges of $21.2 million primarily as a result of an increase in the discount rate used to value our investment in XTar and reassessment of our revenue expectations for future years dictated by a decline in XTar’s revenues by approximately 11% from 2014 to 2015. 48 Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) 2014 Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax $ (370) $ (778) $ (24,402) adjustments to amounts previously reported in discontinued operations and interest expense that is directly related to the sale are classified as discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Loss from discontinued operations in 2016 and 2015 primarily comprises interest expense of $0.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, on the viasat settlement agreement and the allocation agreement, net of an income tax benefit of $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively. in 2014, loss from discontinued operations primarily comprises an increase to our indemnification liability of $38.8 million pursuant to the viasat suit settlement agreement and the allocation agreement and is net of an income tax benefit of $14.5 million. Backlog Telesat’s backlog as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $3.2 billion and $3.5 billion, respectively. it is expected that approximately 17% of satellite services backlog will be recognized as revenue by Telesat during 2017. as of December 31, 2016, Telesat had received approximately $291 million of customer prepayments. Critical Accounting Matters The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.s. gaap requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amounts of income (loss) reported for the period. actual results could differ from estimates. Investments in Affiliates ownership interests in Telesat and XTar are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. income and losses of affiliates are recorded based on our beneficial interest. our equity in net income or loss also reflects amortization of profits eliminated, to the extent of our economic interest in Telesat and XTar, on satellites we constructed for Telesat and XTar during the period in which we owned ssL and on Loral’s sale to Telesat in april 2011 of its portion of the payload on the viasat-1 satellite and related assets. Equity in losses of affiliates is not recognized after the carrying value of an investment, including advances and loans, has been reduced to zero, unless guarantees or other funding obligations exist. The Company monitors its equity method investments for factors indicating other- than-temporary impairment. an impairment loss is recognized when there has been a loss in value of the affiliate that is other-than-temporary. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying value of our investment in XTar was zero as a result of the decline in its fair value that was determined to be other-than-temporary. Fair Value Measurements U.s. gaap defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. U.s. gaap also establishes a fair value hierarchy that gives the highest priority to observable inputs and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: Level 1: inputs represent a fair value that is derived from unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets at the measurement date. Level 2: inputs represent a fair value that is derived from quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities, and pricing inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 3: inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques. 49 These provisions are applicable to all of our assets and liabilities that are measured and recorded at fair value. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value at December 31, 2016: Assets Cash equivalents: Money market funds other current assets: indemnification - sale of ssL Liabilities Long term liabilities: indemnification - globalstar do Brasil s.a. Level 1 Level 2 (in thousands) Level 3 35,514 $ — $ — $ — $ — 2,410 — $ — $ 357 $ $ $ The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. The Company does not have any non-financial assets or non-financial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value as of December 31, 2016. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis We review the carrying values of our equity method investments when events and circumstances warrant and consider all available evidence in evaluating when declines in fair value are other-than-temporary. The fair values of our investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available, and may include quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow projections. an impairment charge would be recorded when the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its current fair value and is determined to be other-than-temporary. The asset resulting from the indemnification relating to the sale of ssL is for certain pre-closing taxes and reflects the excess of payments since inception over the estimated liability, which was originally determined using the fair value objective approach. The estimated liability for indemnifications relating to the sale of our ownership interests in globalstar do Brasil s.a. (“gdB”), originally determined using expected value analysis, is net of payments since inception. Taxation Loral is subject to U.s. federal, state and local income taxation on its worldwide income and foreign taxes on certain income from sources outside the United states. our foreign subsidiaries are subject to taxation in local jurisdictions. Telesat is subject to tax in Canada and other jurisdictions and Loral will provide in operating earnings any additional U.s. current and deferred tax required on distributions received or deemed to be received from Telesat. We use the liability method in accounting for taxes whereby income taxes are recognized during the year in which transactions are recorded in the financial statements. Deferred taxes reflect the future tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting and are measured by applying anticipated statutory tax rates in effect for the year during which the differences are expected to reverse. We assess the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and, based upon this analysis, record a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets to the extent recoverability does not satisfy the “more likely than not” recognition criteria. The tax benefit of a UTp taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns is recognized only if it is “more likely-than-not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefit recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense on a quarterly basis. 50 The unrecognized tax benefit of a UTp is recognized in the period when the UTp is effectively settled. previously recognized tax positions are derecognized in the first period in which it is no longer more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination. Evaluating the technical merits of a tax position and determining the benefit to be recognized involves a significant level of judgment in the assumptions underlying such evaluation. Pension and Other Employee Benefits We maintain a qualified pension plan, which is a defined benefit pension plan. in addition to providing pension benefits, we provide certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and dependents. Effective January 1, 2015, we discontinued retiree medical coverage for Medicare eligible retirees and their dependents. pension and other employee postretirement benefit costs are developed from actuarial valuations. inherent in these valuations are key assumptions, including the discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Material changes in these pension and other employee postretirement benefit costs may occur in the future due to changes in these assumptions, as well as our actual experience. The discount rate is subject to change each year, based on a hypothetical yield curve developed from a portfolio of high quality, corporate, non-callable bonds with maturities that match our projected benefit payment stream. The resulting discount rate reflects the matching of the plan liability cash flows to the yield curve. The discount rate determined on this basis for the qualified pension plan and other employee postretirement benefit costs was 4.0% and 4.25% as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets is selected by taking into account the expected duration of the plan’s projected benefit obligation, asset mix and the fact that its assets are actively managed to mitigate risk. allowable investment types include equity investments, fixed income investments and real assets. Both equity and fixed income investment types may include alternative investments which are permitted to be up to 20% of total plan assets. pension plan assets are primarily managed by russell investment Corp. (“russell”), which allocates the assets into specified russell-designed funds as we direct. Each specified russell fund is then managed by investment managers chosen by russell. We also engage non-russell related investment managers through russell, in its role as trustee, to invest pension plan assets. The targeted long-term allocation of our pension plan assets is 56.5% in liquid return-seeking investments, 29% in fixed income investments and 14.5% in alternative investments. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was 7.00% for 2016 and 7.25% for 2015 and 2014. For 2017, we will use an expected long-term rate of return of 6.75%. pension and other employee postretirement benefit costs included in income from continuing operations in 2017 are expected to be approximately $1.5 million, the same amount as in 2016. Lowering the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of return each by 0.5% would have increased the qualified pension and other employee postretirement benefit costs by approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in 2016. The benefit obligations for pensions and other employee postretirement benefits exceeded the fair value of plan assets by $18.5 million at December 31, 2016. We are required to recognize the funded status of a benefit plan on our balance sheet. Market conditions and interest rates significantly affect future assets and liabilities of Loral’s pension and other employee benefits plans. Contingencies Contingencies by their nature relate to uncertainties that require management to exercise judgment both in assessing the likelihood that a liability has been incurred as well as in estimating the amount of potential loss, if any. We accrue for costs relating to litigation, claims and other contingent matters when, in management’s opinion, such liabilities become probable and reasonably estimable. such estimates may be based on advice from third parties or on management’s judgment, as appropriate. actual amounts paid may differ from amounts estimated, and such differences will be charged to operations in the period in which the final determination of the liability is made. Management considers the assessment of loss contingencies as a critical accounting policy because of the significant uncertainty relating to the outcome of any potential legal actions and other claims and the difficulty of predicting the likelihood and range of the potential liability involved, coupled with the material impact on our results of operations that could result from legal actions or other claims and assessments. 51 Accounting Standards Issued and Not Yet Implemented For discussion of accounting standards issued and not yet implemented that could have an impact on us, see note 2 to the financial statements. Liquidity and Capital Resources Loral as described above, Loral’s principal asset is a 62.7% economic interest in Telesat. We also have a 56% economic interest in XTar. The operations of Telesat and XTar are not consolidated but are presented using the equity method of accounting. as of December 31, 2016, the value of our investment in XTar was zero as a result of the decline in its fair value that was determined to be other-than-temporary. Loral has no debt. Telesat has third party debt with financial institutions. XTar has no external debt other than to its LLC member, hisdesat, for restructured lease payments on the spainsat satellite. XTar is required to make payments of $5 million per year to pay down the outstanding restructured lease balance. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, XTar had deferred payment of liabilities to hisdesat of $28.8 million and $17.7 million, respectively, for lease payments, including the restructured lease payments. The Company has not provided a guarantee for the debt of Telesat or XTar. Cash is maintained at Loral, Telesat and XTar to support the operating needs of each respective entity. The ability of Telesat to pay dividends or certain other restricted payments in cash to Loral is governed by applicable covenants relating to its debt and its shareholder agreement. The ability of XTar to pay dividends and management fees in cash to Loral is governed by its operating agreement. Cash and Available Credit at December 31, 2016, Loral had $37.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and no debt. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2016 decreased by $21.4 million from December 31, 2015 due primarily to $11.2 million in payments to viasat pursuant to the settlement agreement and allocation agreement, corporate expenses of $5.3 million, adjusted for changes in working capital and net of consulting fees from Telesat, postretirement benefits funding of $2.2 million, payments of $1.6 million related to strategic initiatives and other indemnification payments of $1.1 million. a discussion of cash changes by activity is set forth in the sections, “net Cash Used in operating activities,” “net Cash (Used in) provided by investing activities,” and “net Cash (Used in) provided by Financing activities.” The Company did not have a credit facility as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. Cash Management We have a cash management investment program that seeks a competitive return while maintaining a conservative risk profile. our cash management investment policy establishes what we believe to be conservative guidelines relating to the investment of surplus cash. The policy allows us to invest in commercial paper, money market funds and other similar short-term investments but does not permit us to engage in speculative or leveraged transactions, nor does it permit us to hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. The cash management investment policy was designed to preserve capital and safeguard principal, to meet all of our liquidity requirements and to provide a competitive rate of return for similar risk categories of investment. The policy addresses dealer qualifications, lists approved securities, establishes minimum acceptable credit ratings, sets concentration limits, defines a maturity structure, requires all firms to safe keep securities on our behalf, requires certain mandatory reporting activity and discusses review of the portfolio. We operate the cash management investment program under the guidelines of our investment policy and continuously monitor the investments to avoid risks. We currently invest our cash in several liquid prime and government aaa money market funds. The dispersion across funds reduces the exposure of a default at one fund. Liquidity We believe that our cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund projected expenditures during 2017. We expect that our major cash outlays during 2017 will include one remaining payment under the allocation agreement, payments under employee benefit programs and general corporate expenses net of consulting fees from Telesat. 52 in the first quarter of 2017, we received a $242.7 million cash distribution from Telesat. We intend to use the proceeds of such distribution, net of reasonable reserves for working capital and other liabilities, to make a distribution to our shareholders. There can be no assurance as to the amount and timing of any such distribution. Risks to Cash Flow in the fourth quarter of 2012, we sold our former subsidiary, ssL, to MDa pursuant to the purchase agreement. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, we are obligated to indemnify MDa from liabilities with respect to certain pre-closing taxes the total amount of which has not yet been determined. Where appropriate, we intend vigorously to contest the underlying tax assessments, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful. although no assurance can be provided, we do not believe that these tax-related matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. Telesat Cash and Available Credit as of December 31, 2016, Telesat had CaD 782 million of cash and short-term investments as well as approximately $200 million of borrowing availability under its revolving credit facility. Cash Flows from Operating Activities Cash generated from Telesat’s operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was CaD 527 million, a CaD 105 million increase from the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to customer prepayments and lower income taxes paid, partially offset by cash used for the repurchase of stock options. Cash generated from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was CaD 422 million, a CaD 10 million increase compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to higher operating income, combined with lower interest payments and a positive change in working capital, partially offset by higher income taxes paid. Cash Flows used in Investing Activities Cash used in Telesat’s investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was CaD 286 million. This consisted of cash used for the construction of the Telestar 18 vanTagE and Telstar 19 vanTagE satellites, acquisition of concession rights and intellectual property and for the acquisition of other property and equipment. Cash used in Telesat’s investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was CaD 194 million. This consisted of expenditures on satellite programs for the completion and launch of the Telstar 12 vanTagE satellite in December 2015 and for the beginning of construction of the Telstar 19 vanTagE and Telstar 18 vanTagE satellites and for the acquisition of other property and equipment. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 was CaD 95 million. This consisted of expenditures for the on-going construction of the Telstar 12 vanTagE satellite and for the acquisition of property and other equipment, net of proceeds from the sale of assets. Cash Flows used in Financing Activities Cash used in Telesat’s financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was CaD 140 million. This was primarily related to the repayment of the former secured credit facilities and 6.0% senior notes and payment of debt issuance costs upon refinancing in november 2017, mandatory repayments made on its senior credit facilities and satellite performance incentive payments. These outflows were partially offset by Telesat’s proceeds from the new senior secured credit facilities and 8.875% senior notes. Cash used in Telesat’s financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was CaD 81 million. This was primarily related to mandatory principal payments made on Telesat’s senior secured credit facilities. Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 was CaD 137 million. This was primarily related to mandatory principal repayments made on Telesat’s senior secured credit facilities and the cash settlement related to the termination of Telesat’s cross-currency basis swaps and forward foreign exchange contract in october 2014. 53 in addition, cash (used) generated by exchange rate changes was CaD (9.8) million, CaD 45 million and CaD 19 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. see Consolidated operating results – Equity in net income (Loss) of affiliates for exchange rate information. Liquidity a large portion of Telesat’s annual cash receipts are reasonably predictable because they are primarily derived from an existing backlog of long-term customer contracts and high contract renewal rates. Telesat believes its cash and short-term investments as of December 31, 2016, cash flows from operating activities, and drawings on the available lines of credit under its senior secured credit facilities will be adequate to meet Telesat’s expected cash requirements for at least the next 12 months for activities in the normal course of business, including capital requirements and required interest and principal payments on debt. The construction of any satellite replacement or expansion program will require significant capital expenditures. Telesat may choose to invest in new satellites to further grow its business. Cash required for current and future satellite construction programs will be funded from some or all of the following: cash and short- term investments, cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from customer prepayments or through borrowings on available lines of credit under Telesat’s new revolving credit facility. in addition, Telesat may sell certain satellite assets and, in accordance with the terms and conditions of Telesat’s senior secured credit facilities, reinvest the proceeds in replacement satellites or pay down indebtedness under Telesat’s senior secured credit facilities. subject to market conditions and subject to compliance with the terms and conditions of its senior secured credit facilities and the financial leverage covenant tests therein, Telesat may also have the ability to obtain additional secured or unsecured financing to fund current or future satellite construction. Telesat’s ability to access these sources of funding, however, is not guaranteed, and therefore, Telesat may not be able to fully fund additional replacement or new satellite construction programs. Debt Components of Telesat’s total debt of approximately $2.9 billion and $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, were as follows: Former senior secured credit facilities: revolving credit facility Term Loan a Term Loan B - Canadian facility Term Loan B - U.s. facility senior secured credit facilities: revolving credit facility Term Loan B - U.s. facility 6.0% senior notes 8.875% senior notes Less: Deferred financing costs, interest rate floors and prepayment options Total debt under international financial reporting standards U.s. gaap adjustments Total debt under U.s. gaap Current portion Long term portion Maturity Currency CaD or UsD equivalent CaD CaD UsD UsD or CaD equivalent UsD UsD UsD november 2021 november 2023 november 2024 54 December 31, 2016 2015 (In CAD thousands) — — — — — 3,257,998 — 672,050 3,930,048 (78,410) 3,851,638 16,614 3,868,252 24,438 3,843,814 — 375,000 136,150 2,349,505 — — 1,245,510 — 4,106,165 (42,944) 4,063,221 45,269 4,108,490 102,412 4,006,078 on november 17, 2016, Telesat entered into amended senior secured credit facilities which provide for term loan borrowings of $2.43 billion which mature on november 17, 2023 and revolving credit borrowings of up to $200 million (or Canadian dollar equivalent) which mature on november 17, 2021. Telesat also issued, through a private placement, $500 million of 8.875% senior notes which mature on november 17, 2024. on november 17, 2016, Telesat repaid all outstanding amounts under its former senior secured credit facilities and its 6.0% senior notes. on February 1, 2017, Telesat amended the senior secured credit facilities to effectively reprice the then outstanding term loan borrowings of $2.424 billion. Senior Secured Credit Facilities The obligations under Telesat’s new credit agreement and the guarantees of those obligations are secured, subject to certain exceptions, by a first priority security interest in the assets of Telesat and certain of its subsidiaries (the ‘‘guarantors’’). The credit agreement contains covenants that restrict the ability of Telesat and the guarantors to take specified actions, including, among other things and subject to certain significant exceptions: creating liens, incurring indebtedness, making investments, engaging in mergers, selling property, paying dividends, entering into sale-leaseback transactions, creating subsidiaries, repaying subordinated debt or amending organizational documents. The credit agreement also requires Telesat and the guarantors to comply with a maximum first lien leverage ratio and contains customary events of default and affirmative covenants, including an excess cash sweep, that may require Telesat to repay a portion of the outstanding principal under its senior secured credit facilities prior to the stated maturity. Telesat’s senior secured credit facilities are comprised of the following facilities: i — Revolving Credit Facility Telesat’s revolving credit facility (“revolving Facility”) is a $200 million loan facility available in either U.s. dollar or Canadian dollar equivalent, maturing on november 17, 2021. Loans under the revolving Facility bear interest at a floating rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.00% for prime rate and alternative Base rate loans and ranging from 2.50% to 3.00% for Bankers acceptance and Eurodollar loans. The rates on the revolving Facility vary depending upon the results of the first lien leverage ratio. The revolving Facility currently has an unused commitment fee of 40 basis points. as of December 31, 2016, other than approximately $0.1 million in drawings related to letters of credit, there were no borrowings under this facility. ii — Term Loan B — U.S. Facility Telesat’s term loan B — U.s. facility (‘‘U.s. TLB Facility’’) is a $2.430 billion loan maturing on november 17, 2023. as of December 31, 2016, $2.424 billion of this facility was outstanding, which represents the full amount available following mandatory repayments. The outstanding borrowings under Telesat’s U.s. TLB Facility bear interest at a floating rate of LiBor, but not less than 0.75%, plus an initial applicable margin of 3.75%. on February 1, 2017, Telesat amended the senior secured credit facilities to reduce the applicable margin to 3.00%. The mandatory principal repayments on U.s. TLB Facility are one quarter of 1.00% of the original amount of the loan, which must be paid on the last day of each quarter. Senior Notes Telesat’s senior notes of $500 million bear interest at an annual rate of 8.875% and are due november 17, 2024. They include covenants or terms that restrict Telesat’s ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, investments or acquisitions, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, modify or cancel Telesat’s satellite insurance, effect mergers with another entity, and redeem Telesat’s senior notes, without penalty, before november 15, 2022, in each case subject to exceptions provided in the senior notes indenture. as of December 31, 2016, Telesat was in compliance with the financial covenants of its senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing the senior notes. 55 Debt Service Cost Telesat’s interest expense for the year ending December 31, 2016 was approximately CaD 192.4 million. Derivatives Telesat uses, from time to time, interest rate and currency derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. as of December 31, 2016, Telesat had no outstanding interest rate swaps. During 2016, Telesat had an interest rate swap to fix interest on $250 million of Canadian dollar denominated indebtedness which matured in June 2016 and another to fix interest on $300 million of U.s. dollar denominated indebtedness which matured in september 2016. in July 2016, Telesat entered into four forward foreign exchange contracts which required it to pay $7 million Canadian dollars to receive 4 million British pounds sterling. one forward foreign exchange contract which required Telesat to pay $3 million Canadian dollars to receive 1 million British pounds sterling matured in september 2016. The remaining contracts mature between January and February 2017. The fair value of the forward foreign exchange contracts was insignificant as of December 31, 2016. Telesat also has foreign currency embedded derivatives in its purchase contracts with suppliers and sales contracts with customers as a result of some of these contracts being denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the substantial parties to the respective contract. The fair value of these foreign currency embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2016 was CaD 28.4 million. Capital Expenditures Telesat has entered into contracts for the construction and launch of satellites and other capital expenditures. The outstanding commitments associated with these contracts were approximately CaD 179 million as of December 31, 2016. These expenditures may be funded from some or all of the following: cash and short-term investments, cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from customer prepayments or funds available under the revolving Facility. Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments The following table aggregates Loral’s contractual obligations and other commercial commitments as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands). Contractual Obligations: ssL indemnification (1) Lease payments (2) Payments Due by Period (3) Total $ Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 4-5 Years More than 5 Years 2,809 $ 292 2,809 $ 292 — $ — — $ — — — (1) represents final payment to viasat pursuant to the settlement agreement among Loral, MDa, ssL and viasat and the allocation agreement between Loral and MDa. (2) represents future minimum payments under operating leases. (3) Does not include our liabilities for uncertain tax positions of $69 million. Because the timing of future cash outflows associated with our liabilities for uncertain tax positions is highly uncertain, we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the period of cash settlement with the respective taxing authorities (see note 8 to the financial statements). Does not include obligations for pension and other postretirement benefits, for which we are required to make employer contributions of approximately $2.4 million in 2017. We also expect to make employer contributions to our plans in future years. 56 Net Cash Used in Operating Activities The following summarizes Loral’s cash used in operating activities for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016: net cash used in operations was $21.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. net cash used in operating activities by continuing operations was $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, consisting primarily of a $6.0 million cash use attributable to income from continuing operations adjusted for non-cash operating items, a $1.6 million decrease in pension and other postretirement liabilities, a $1.6 million decrease in long-term liabilities and a $0.4 million decrease in accrued expenses. net cash used by operating activities from discontinued operations was $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 representing $11.2 million of payments to viasat pursuant to the settlement agreement and the allocation agreement and a $0.5 million indemnification payment for pre-closing taxes pursuant to the purchase agreement. net cash used in operations was $28.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. net cash used in operating activities by continuing operations was $16.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, consisting primarily of a $7.6 million decrease in our liability for UTps, a $3.5 million decrease in pension and other postretirement liabilities, a $3.1 million cash use attributable to loss from continuing operations adjusted for non-cash operating items, a $1.0 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a $0.8 million decrease in income taxes payable. net cash used by operating activities from discontinued operations was $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 representing $11.2 million of payments to viasat pursuant to the settlement agreement and the allocation agreement and a $1.5 million pre-closing tax indemnification payment pursuant to the purchase agreement. net cash used in operations was $29.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. net cash used in operating activities by continuing operations was $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, consisting primarily of a $9.7 million cash use attributable to income from continuing operations adjusted for non-cash operating items, a $3.9 million decrease in pension and other post retirement liabilities and a $2.9 million decrease in other long term liabilities, partially offset by a $13.1 million reduction to income taxes receivable, net and a $1.1 million increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. net cash used in operating activities by discontinued operations was $26.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 consisting primarily of net payments of $20.8 million to viasat pursuant to the settlement agreement and the allocation agreement and payment of $10.8 million of indemnified litigation costs related to the viasat suit, partially offset by reimbursement by ssL of its $5.4 million final share of litigation costs related to the viasat suit. Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities The following summarizes Loral’s cash (used in) provided by investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014: net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $33.6 million. net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $33.7 million consisting of the receipt of principal under the Land note. net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $72.8 million. net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $5.4 million consisting primarily of a tax indemnification recovery received from Telesat. net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $67.3 million consisting of the receipt of principal under the Land note. 57 Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities Loral’s net cash (used in) provided by financing activities was $(0.1) million, $2.6 million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, consisting of adjustments to excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by the rules and regulations of the sEC, that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. as a result, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these arrangements. Other Loral’s operating cash flows for 2016 included contributions of approximately $2.2 million to the qualified pension plan. operating cash flows for 2015 included contributions of approximately $2.7 million to the qualified pension plan and payments of approximately $1.0 million to participants related to the reduction of retiree medical benefits. operating cash flows for 2014 included contributions of approximately $4.1 million to the qualified pension plan. Affiliate Matters Loral has made certain investments in joint ventures in the satellite services business that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting (see note 6 to the financial statements for further information on affiliate matters). Commitments and Contingencies our business and operations are subject to a number of significant risks, the most significant of which are summarized in item 1a — risk Factors and also in note 14 to our consolidated financial statements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Loral Foreign Currency in the normal course of business, we are subject to the risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit this foreign exchange rate exposure, the Company seeks to denominate its contracts in U.s. dollars. if we are unable to enter into a contract in U.s. dollars, we review our foreign exchange exposure and, where appropriate, derivatives are used to minimize the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations to operating results and cash flows. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Interest During 2016, our excess cash was invested in money market securities; we did not hold any other marketable securities. Derivatives as a result of the use of derivative instruments, the Company is exposed to the risk that counterparties to derivative contracts will fail to meet their contractual obligations. To mitigate the counterparty credit risk, the Company has a policy of entering into contracts only with carefully selected major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. Loral had no derivative instruments as of December 31, 2016. 58 Telesat Foreign Exchange Risk Telesat’s operating results are subject to fluctuations as a result of exchange rate variations to the extent that transactions are made in currencies other than Canadian dollars. The most significant impact of variations in the exchange rate is on Telesat’s U.s. dollar denominated debt financing and cash and cash equivalents. as of December 31, 2016, Telesat’s U.s. dollar denominated debt totaled $2.9 billion. Telesat is also exposed to foreign currency risk on anticipated transactions, such as the costs of satellite construction, launch and acquisition. Telesat’s main currency exposures as of December 31, 2016 lie in its U.s. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, deferred satellite performance incentive payments and debt financing. For the year ended December 31, 2016, approximately 51% of Telesat’s revenues, 41% of its operating expenses, 90% of its interest expense and the majority of its capital expenditures were denominated in U.s. dollars. as a result, the volatility of U.s. currency may expose Telesat to foreign exchange risks. as of December 31, 2016, a five percent increase (decrease) in the value of the Canadian dollar against the U.s. dollar would have increased (decreased) Telesat’s net income by approximately $122 million. This analysis assumes all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant. Interest Rate Risk Telesat is exposed to interest rate risk on its cash and short-term investments and on its indebtedness, a portion of which includes a variable interest rate. Changes in the interest rates could impact the amount of interest that Telesat receives or is required to pay. Derivative Financial Instruments Telesat uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to foreign currency and interest rate risk. Telesat’s policy is that it does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes. Tel esat uses the following instruments, as required : • • • forward currency contracts to hedge foreign currency risk on anticipated cash flows, mainly related to the construction of satellites and interest payments; Currency derivative instruments to hedge the foreign exchange risk on its U.s. dollar denominated indebtedness; and interest rate swaps to hedge the interest rate risk related to its indebtedness. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data see index to Financial statements and Financial statement schedules on page F-1. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure none. 59 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures our president and our chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange act) as of December 31, 2016, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that information relating to Loral and its consolidated subsidiaries required to be disclosed in our filings under the Exchange act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the securities Exchange Commission rules and forms. The term disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our president and our chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of sponsoring organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under such criteria, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016. our management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLp, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its attestation report which is included below. Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting. Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls our management, including our president and our chief financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls may also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. 60 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and stockholders of Loral space & Communications inc. new York, new York We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Loral space & Communications inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of sponsoring organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s report on internal Control over Financial reporting. our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the public Company accounting oversight Board (United states). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. a company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. a company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of sponsoring organizations of the Treadway Commission. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the public Company accounting oversight Board (United states), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, of the Company and our report dated March 6, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule. /s/ DELoiTTE & ToUChE LLp new York, new York March 6, 2017 61 Item 9B. Other Information none. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Officers of the Registrant PART III The following table sets forth information concerning the executive officers of Loral as of February 17, 2017. Name avi Katz John Capogrossi Age Position 58 president, general Counsel and secretary since December 2012. senior vice president, general Counsel and secretary from January 2008 to December 2012. 63 vice president, Chief Financial officer and Treasurer since January 2016. vice president, Chief Financial officer, Treasurer and Controller from March 2013 to January 2016. vice president and Controller from January 2008 to March 2013. ravinder s. girgla 53 vice president and Controller since January 2016. Deputy Controller from February 2013 to January 2016. assistant Controller from July 2008 to February 2013. The remaining information required under item 10 will be presented in the Company’s 2017 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this annual report on Form 10-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation information required under item 11 will be presented in the Company’s 2017 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this annual report on Form 10-K. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters information required under item 12 will be presented in the Company’s 2017 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this annual report on Form 10-K. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence information required under item 13 will be presented in the Company’s 2017 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this annual report on Form 10-K. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services information required under item 14 will be presented in the Company’s 2017 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this annual report on Form 10-K. 62 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) 1. Financial statements index to Financial statements and Financial statement schedule PART IV Loral Space & Communications Inc. and Subsidiaries: report of independent registered public accounting Firm Consolidated Balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of Comprehensive income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 notes to Consolidated Financial statements schedule ii separate Financial statements of subsidiaries not consolidated pursuant to rule 3-09 of regulation s-X Telesat Canada (formerly Telesat Holdings Inc.) and Subsidiaries: report of independent registered public accounting Firm Consolidated statements of income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of Comprehensive income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of Changes in shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial statements 63 F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-8 F-37 F-38 F-39 F-40 F-41 F-42 F-43 F-44 Exhibit Number Description INDEX TO EXHIBITS 3.1 3.2 3.3 restated Certificate of incorporation of Loral space & Communications inc. dated May 19, 2009(6) amended and restated Bylaws of Loral space & Communications inc. dated December 23, 2008(4) amendment no. 1 to Bylaws of Loral space & Communications dated January 12, 2010(8) 10.1 purchase agreement, dated as of June 26, 2012, by and among Loral space & Communications inc., space systems/Loral, inc., MacDonald, Dettwiler and associates Ltd. and MDa Communications holdings, inc.(14) 10.2 amendment no. 1 to the purchase agreement, dated as of october 30, 2012, by and among Loral space & Communications inc., space systems/Loral, inc., MacDonald, Dettwiler and associates Ltd. and MDa Communications holdings, inc.(15) 10.3 amendment no. 2 to purchase agreement, dated March 28, 2013, by and among Loral space & Communications inc., space systems/Loral, LLC, MacDonald, Dettwiler and associates Ltd. and MDa Communications holdings, inc.(19) 10.4 10.5 10.6 shareholders agreement, dated as of october 31, 2007, between public sector pension investment Board, red isle private investments inc., Loral space & Communications inc., Loral space & Communications holdings Corporation, Loral holdings Corporation, Loral skynet Corporation, John p. Cashman, Colin D. Watson, Telesat holdings inc. (formerly 4363205 Canada inc.), Telesat interco inc. (formerly 4363213 Canada inc.), Telesat and Mhr Fund Management LLC(2) Consulting services agreement, dated as of october 31, 2007, by and between Loral space & Communications inc. and Telesat(2) indemnity agreement, dated as of october 31, 2007, by and among Loral space & Communications inc., Telesat, Telesat holdings inc., Telesat interco inc. and henry gerard (hank) intven(2) 10.7 acknowledgement and indemnity agreement, dated as of october 31, 2007, between Loral space & Communications inc., Telesat, Telesat holdings inc. (formerly 4363205 Canada inc.), Telesat interco inc. (formerly 4363213 Canada inc.) and McCarthy Tétrault LLp(2) 10.8 10.9 10.10 amended and restated registration rights agreement dated December 23, 2008 by and among Loral space & Communications inc. and the persons Listed on the signature pages Thereof(4) Letter agreement, dated as of June 30, 2009, by and among Loral space & Communications inc., Mhr Capital partners Master account Lp, Mhr Capital partners (100) Lp, Mhr institutional partners Lp, Mhra Lp, MhrM Lp, Mhr institutional partners ii Lp, Mhr institutional partners iia Lp and Mhr institutional partners iii Lp.(7) partnership interest purchase agreement dated December 21, 2007 by and among gssi, LLC, globalstar, inc., Loral/Dasa globalstar, Lp, globalstar do Brasil, sa., Loral/Dasa do Brasil holdings Ltda., Loral holdings LLC, global Dasa LLC, Lgp (Bermuda) Ltd., Mercedes- Benz do Brasil Ltda. (f/k/a DaimlerChrysler do Brasil Ltda.) and Loral space & Communications inc.(3) 10.11 general release dated December 14, 2012 between Loral space & Communications inc. and Michael B. Targoff(16 ) ‡ 10.12 Consulting agreement dated December 14, 2012 between Loral space & Communications inc. and Michael B. Targoff(16) ‡ 10.13 general release and separation agreement dated December 14, 2012 between Loral space & Communications inc. and richard p. Mastoloni(16) ‡ 10.14 Consulting agreement dated December 14, 2012 between Loral space & Communications inc. and richard p. Mastoloni(16) ‡ 64 Exhibit Number Description 10.15 general release and separation agreement dated March 15, 2013 between Loral space & Communications inc. and harvey B. rein(18) ‡ 10.16 Consulting agreement dated March 15, 2013 between Loral space & Communications inc. and harvey B. rein(18) ‡ 10.17 Form of officers’ and Directors’ indemnification agreement between Loral space & Communications inc. and Loral Executives(1) ‡ 10.18 Loral space Management incentive Bonus program (adopted as of December 17, 2008)(4) ‡ 10.19 Loral space & Communications inc. 2005 stock incentive plan (amended and restated as of april 3, 2009)(5) ‡ 10.20 Form of Director 2009 restricted stock Unit agreement(9) ‡ 10.21 Form of Director 2010 restricted stock Unit agreement(10) ‡ 10.22 Form of Director 2011 restricted stock Unit agreement(13) ‡ 10.23 Form of Director 2012 restricted stock Unit agreement(17) ‡ 10.24 Loral space & Communications inc. severance policy for Corporate officers (amended and restated as of august 4, 2011)(12) ‡ 10.25 grant agreement, dated as of May 20, 2011, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Loral space & Communications inc., the public sector pension investment Board, 4440480 Canada inc. and Daniel goldberg(11) ‡ 10.26 grant agreement, dated as of May 31, 2011, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Loral space & Communications inc., the public sector pension investment Board, 4440480 Canada inc. and Michael C. schwartz(11) ‡ 10.27 grant agreement, dated as of May 31, 2011, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Loral space & Communications inc., the public sector pension investment Board, 4440480 Canada inc. and Michel g. Cayouette(11) ‡ 10.28 grant agreement, dated as of november 18, 2013, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Loral space & Communications inc., the public sector pension investment Board, 4440480 Canada inc. and Daniel goldberg(20) ‡ 10.29 grant agreement, dated as of november 18, 2013, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Loral space & Communications inc., the public sector pension investment Board, 4440480 Canada inc. and Michel g. Cayouette(20) ‡ 10.30 grant agreement, dated as of January 28, 2016, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Loral space & Communications inc., the public sector pension investment Board, 4440480 Canada inc. and Michael C. schwartz(24) ‡ 10.31 settlement agreement, dated september 5, 2014, by and among viasat, inc., space systems/Loral, LLC (f/k/a space systems/Loral, inc.), Loral space & Communications inc., and (with respect to section 4.2) MacDonald, Dettwiler and associates Ltd.(21) 10.32 release agreement, dated september 5, 2014, by and among Loral space & Communications inc., space systems/Loral, LLC, MacDonald, Dettwiler and associates Ltd. and MDa Communications holdings, inc.(21) 10.33 MDa/Loral Dispute resolution, dated December 1, 2014, by and between Loral space & Communications inc. and MacDonald, Dettwiler and associates Ltd.(22) 65 Exhibit Number Description 14.1 21.1 23.1 23.2 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 99.1 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.5 99.6 99.7 Code of Conduct, revised as of January 19, 2016(23) List of subsidiaries of the registrant† Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLp† Consent of Deloitte LLp† Certification of president pursuant to 18 U.s.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 302 of the sarbanes-oxley act of 2002† Certification of Chief Financial officer pursuant to 18 U.s.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 302 of the sarbanes-oxley act of 2002† Certification of president pursuant to 18 U.s.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the sarbanes-oxley act of 2002† Certification of Chief Financial officer pursuant to 18 U.s.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the sarbanes-oxley act of 2002† Certificate and articles of amalgamation of Telesat Canada, dated as of January 1, 2017(29) By-Law no. 1 of Telesat Canada, dated as of January 1, 2017(29) Credit agreement, dated as of March 28, 2012, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Telesat LLC, the guarantors party thereto, Jp Morgan Chase Bank, n.a., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto(25) amendment no. 1, dated as of april 2, 2013, to the Credit agreement, dated as of March 28, 2012, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Telesat LLC, the guarantors party thereto, Jp Morgan Chase Bank, n.a., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto(26) amendment no. 2, dated as of november 17, 2016, to the Credit agreement, dated as of March 28, 2012, as amended by amendment no. 1 on april 2, 2013, by and among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Telesat LLC, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Jp Morgan Chase Bank, n.a., as administrative agent, collateral agent, swingline lender and L/C issuer(27) amendment no. 3 dated December 19, 2016 to the Credit agreement, dated as of March 28, 2012, as amended by amendment no. 1 on april 2, 2013, as further amended by amendment no. 2 on november 17, 2016, by and among Telesat Canada, Telesat LLC, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Jp Morgan Chase Bank, n.a., as administrative agent, collateral agent, swingline lender and L/C issuer(28) amendment no. 4 dated February 1, 2017 to the Credit agreement, dated as of March 28, 2012, as amended by amendment no. 1 on april 2, 2013, as further amended by amendment no. 2 on november 17, 2016, and as further amended by amendment no. 3 on December 19, 2016, by and among Telesat Canada, Telesat LLC, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Jp Morgan Chase Bank, n.a., as administrative agent, collateral agent, swingline lender and L/C issuer(28) 99.8 indenture, dated november 17, 2016, with respect to Telesat Canada’s 8.875% senior notes due 2024, among Telesat holdings inc., Telesat Canada, Telesat LLC, as co-issuer, the guarantors party thereto, and The Bank of new York Mellon, as Trustee(25) 99.9 First supplemental indenture, dated as of December 29, 2016, with respect to Telesat Canada’s 8.875% senior notes due 2024, among Telesat Canada, Telesat LLC, as co-issuer, the guarantors party thereto and The Bank of new York Mellon, as Trustee(29) 101 interactive Data Files† (101.ins) XBrL instance Document (101.sCh) XBrL Taxonomy Extension schema Document 66 Exhibit Number Description (101.CaL) XBrL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (101.DEF) XBrL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (101.LaB) XBrL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (101.prE) XBrL Taxonomy Extension presentation Linkbase Document (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) † ‡ incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on november 23, 2005. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on november 2, 2007. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed December 21, 2007. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2008. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 filed on May 11, 2009. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2009. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2009. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on January 15, 2010. incorporated by reference from the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 filed on March 15, 2010. incorporated by reference from the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 filed on March 15, 2011. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on June 13, 2011. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 filed on august 9, 2011. incorporated by reference from the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 filed on February 29, 2012. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on June 28, 2012. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on november 5, 2012. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on December 17, 2012. incorporated by reference from the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 filed on March 1, 2013. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on March 18, 2013. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on april 3, 2013. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on november 20, 2013. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on september 8, 2014. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on December 3, 2014. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2016. incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2016. incorporated by reference from the report of Foreign issuer on Form 6-K filed by Telesat Canada on March 29, 2012. incorporated by reference from the report of Foreign issuer on Form 6-K filed by Telesat holdings inc. on april 2, 2013. incorporated by reference from the report of Foreign issuer on Form 6-K filed by Telesat holdings inc. on november 17, 2016. incorporated by reference from the report of Foreign issuer on Form 6-K filed by Telesat Canada (formerly Telesat holdings inc.) on February 2, 2017. incorporated by reference from the annual report on Form 20-F filed by Telesat Canada (formerly Telesat holdings inc.) on March 2, 2017. Filed herewith. Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement with directors or named executive officers. 67 pursuant to the requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the securities Exchange act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES LoraL spaCE & CoMMUniCaTions inC. By: /s/ avi KaTz avi Katz president, general Counsel & secretary Dated: March 6, 2017 pursuant to the requirements of the securities Exchange act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signatures /s/ MarK h. raChEsKY, M.D. Mark h. rachesky, M.D. /s/ MiChaEL B. TargoFF Michael B. Targoff /s/ John D. harKEY, Jr. John D. harkey, Jr. /s/ arThUr L. siMon arthur L. simon /s/ John p. sTEnBiT John p. stenbit /s/ JanET T. YEUng Janet T. Yeung /s/ avi KaTz avi Katz /s/ John Capogrossi John Capogrossi /s/ ravinDEr s. girgLa ravinder s. girgla Title Director, non-Executive Chairman of the Board Date March 6, 2017 Director, vice Chairman of the Board March 6, 2017 Director Director Director Director president, general Counsel & secretary (principal Executive officer) vice president, Chief Financial officer and Treasurer (principal Financial officer) vice president and Controller (principal accounting officer) 68 March 6, 2017 March 6, 2017 March 6, 2017 March 6, 2017 March 6, 2017 March 6, 2017 March 6, 2017 INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES Loral Space & Communications Inc. and Subsidiaries report of independent registered public accounting Firm Consolidated Balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of Comprehensive income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 notes to Consolidated Financial statements schedule ii separate Financial statements of subsidiaries not consolidated pursuant to rule 3-09 of regulation s-X Telesat Canada (formerly Telesat Holdings Inc.) and Subsidiaries : report of independent registered public accounting Firm Consolidated statements of income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of Comprehensive income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated statements of Changes in shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial statements F- 1 F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-8 F-37 F-38 F-39 F-40 F-41 F-42 F-43 F-44 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and stockholders of Loral space & Communications inc. new York, new York We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Loral space & Communications inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the public Company accounting oversight Board (United states). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. an audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. an audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. in our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United states of america. also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the public Company accounting oversight Board (United states), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of sponsoring organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 6, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ DELoiTTE & ToUChE LLp new York, new York March 6, 2017 F- 2 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share data) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents other current assets Total current assets investments in affiliates Deferred tax assets other assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: accrued employment costs other current liabilities Total current liabilities pension and other postretirement liabilities Long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies shareholders' Equity: preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding Common stock: voting common stock, $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 21,581,572 issued non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized 9,505,673 issued and outstanding paid-in capital Treasury stock (at cost), 154,494 shares of voting common stock accumulated deficit accumulated other comprehensive loss Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity see notes to consolidated financial statements F- 3 December 31, 2016 2015 37,458 $ 3,483 40,941 107,950 115,285 55 264,231 $ 2,356 $ 3,772 6,128 18,433 69,259 93,820 58,853 2,979 61,832 — 152,676 110 214,618 2,376 12,055 14,431 18,119 73,578 106,128 — — 216 95 1,019,988 (9,592) (826,460) (13,836) 170,411 264,231 $ 216 95 1,020,129 (9,592) (873,660) (28,698) 108,490 214,618 $ $ $ $ LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share amounts) general and administrative expenses operating loss interest and investment income interest expense other expense Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of affiliates income tax (provision) benefit (Loss) income from continuing operations before equity in net income (loss) of affiliates Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates income (loss) from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net income (loss) net income (loss) per share: Basic income (loss) from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net income (loss) Diluted income (loss) from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net income (loss) Weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted $ $ $ $ $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 (6,726) $ (6,726) 194 (20) (1,449) (8,001) (28,507) (36,508) 84,078 47,570 (370) 47,200 $ 1.54 $ (0.01) 1.53 $ 1.50 $ (0.01) 1.49 $ (6,530) $ (6,530) 138 (17) (3,779) (10,188) 45,476 35,288 (104,792) (69,504) (778) (70,282) $ (2.25) $ (0.03) (2.28) $ (2.25) $ (0.03) (2.28) $ (5,330) (5,330) 581 (15) (3,266) (8,030) 8,105 75 (1,502) (1,427) (24,402) (25,829) (0.05) (0.79) (0.84) (0.05) (0.79) (0.84) 30,933 31,008 30,928 30,928 30,920 30,920 see notes to consolidated financial statements F- 4 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (In thousands) net income (loss) other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: post-retirement benefits proportionate share of Telesat other comprehensive income (loss) other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax Comprehensive income (loss) Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ 47,200 $ (70,282) $ (25,829) (615) 15,477 14,862 62,062 $ 523 — 523 (69,759) $ (4,811) (3,494) (8,305) (34,134) $ see notes to consolidated financial statements F- 5 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (In thousands, except per share amounts) Common Stock Voting Non-Voting Treasury Stock Voting Shares Issued Amount Shares Issued Amount Paid-In Capital Shares Amount Accumulated Other Accumulated Comprehensive Shareholders' Loss Equity Deficit Balance, January 1, 2014 net loss other comprehensive loss Comprehensive loss adjustment to tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation Balance, December 31, 2014 net loss other comprehensive income Comprehensive loss settlement of restricted stock units adjustment to tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation Balance, December 31, 2015 net income other comprehensive income Comprehensive income adjustment to tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation Balance, December 31, 2016 21,569 $ 216 9,506 $ 95 $ 1,015,656 154 $ (9,592) $ (777,549) $ (25,829) (20,916) $ 207,910 1,864 (8,305) (34,134) 1,864 21,569 216 9,506 95 1,017,520 154 (9,592) (803,378) (70,282) (29,221) 175,640 13 — — 2,609 523 (69,759) — 2,609 21,582 216 9,506 95 1,020,129 154 (9,592) (873,660) 47,200 (28,698) 108,490 (141) 14,862 62,062 (141) 21,582 $ 216 9,506 $ 95 $ 1,019,988 154 $ (9,592) $ (826,460) $ (13,836) $ 170,411 see notes to consolidated financial statements F- 6 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) operating activities: net income (loss) Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: non-cash operating items (note 2) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: other current assets and other assets accrued expenses and other current liabilities income taxes receivable and payable pension and other postretirement liabilities Long-term liabilities net cash used in operating activities – continuing operations net cash used in operating activities – discontinued operations net cash used in operating activities investing activities: Tax indemnification recovery from affiliate Capital expenditures net cash (used in) provided by investing activities – continuing operations receipt of principal, Land note - discontinued operations net cash (used in) provided by investing activities Financing activities: adjustment to tax benefit associated with stock based-based compensation net cash (used in) provided by financing activities – continuing operations net cash provided by financing activities – discontinued operations net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents — beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents — end of period $ see notes to consolidated financial statements F- 7 Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ 47,200 $ 370 (70,282) $ 778 (25,829) 24,402 (53,567) 66,399 (8,276) 140 (376) (187) (1,563) (1,572) (9,555) (11,694) (21,249) — (5) (5) — (5) (141) (141) — (141) (21,395) 58,853 37,458 $ 25 (988) (834) (3,504) (7,586) (15,992) (12,762) (28,754) — (102) (102) 33,667 33,565 2,609 2,609 — 2,609 7,420 51,433 58,853 $ (125) 1,152 13,128 (3,930) (2,903) (2,381) (26,743) (29,124) 5,438 (4) 5,434 67,333 72,767 1,864 1,864 — 1,864 45,507 5,926 51,433 1. Organization and Principal Business LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Loral space & Communications inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Loral,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us”) is a leading satellite communications company engaged, through our ownership interests in affiliates, in satellite-based communications services. Description of Business Loral has one operating segment consisting of satellite-based communications services. Loral participates in satellite services operations through its ownership interest in Teleast Canada (“Telesat”), a leading global satellite services provider. prior to and as of December 31, 2016, Telesat Canada was a subsidiary of, and Loral held its ownership interest in Telesat Canada through, Telesat holdings inc. Effective January 1, 2017, Telesat holdings inc. completed a corporate reorganization pursuant to which Telesat holdings inc. amalgamated with Telesat interco inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, and immediately thereafter the newly amalgamated company amalgamated with Telesat Canada. The continuing entity, existing under the laws of Canada, is named Telesat Canada. Telesat owns and leases a satellite fleet that operates in geosynchronous earth orbit approximately 22,000 miles above the equator. in this orbit, satellites remain in a fixed position relative to points on the earth’s surface and provide reliable, high-bandwidth services anywhere in their coverage areas, serving as the backbone for many forms of telecommunications. Loral holds a 62.7% economic interest and a 32.7% voting interest in Telesat (see note 6). We use the equity method of accounting for our ownership interest in Telesat. Loral, a Delaware corporation, was formed on June 24, 2005, to succeed to the business conducted by its predecessor registrant, Loral space & Communications Ltd., which emerged from chapter 11 of the federal bankruptcy laws on november 21, 2005 (the “Effective Date”) pursuant to the terms of the fourth amended joint plan of reorganization, as modified. 2. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the results of Loral and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United states of america (“U.s. gaap”). all intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Discontinued Operations on november 2, 2012, Loral completed the sale (the “sale”) of its wholly-owned subsidiary, space systems/Loral, LLC (formerly known as space systems/Loral, inc.) (“ssL”), to MDa Communications holdings, inc. (“MDa holdings”), a subsidiary of MacDonald, Dettwiler and associates Ltd. (“MDa”). pursuant to the purchase agreement (the “purchase agreement”), dated as of June 26, 2012, as amended on october 30, 2012 and March 28, 2013, by and among Loral, ssL, MDa and MDa holdings, Loral agreed to indemnify MDa and its affiliates from (1) liabilities with respect to certain pre-closing taxes; and (2) certain litigation costs and litigation damages in a lawsuit (the “viasat suit”) brought in 2012 by viasat, inc. (“viasat”) against Loral and ssL (see note 14). adjustments to amounts previously reported in discontinued operations and interest expense that is directly related to the sale are classified as discontinued operations in the statements of operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Investments in Affiliates ownership interests in Telesat and XTar, LLC (“XTar”) are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. income and losses of affiliates are recorded based on our beneficial interest. our equity in net income or loss also reflects amortization of profits eliminated, to the extent of our economic interest in Telesat and XTar, on satellites we constructed for them while we owned ssL and on Loral’s sale to Telesat in april 2011 of its portion of the payload on the viasat-1 satellite and related assets. Equity in losses of affiliates is not recognized after the carrying value of an investment, including advances and loans, has been reduced to zero, unless guarantees or other funding obligations exist. The Company monitors its equity method investments for factors indicating other-than- temporary impairment. an impairment loss is recognized when there has been a loss in value of the affiliate that is other-than-temporary. F- 8 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.s. gaap requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amount of income (loss) reported for the period. actual results could differ from estimates. significant estimates also included the allowances for doubtful accounts, income taxes, including the valuation of deferred tax assets, the fair value of liabilities indemnified and our pension liabilities. Cash and Cash Equivalents as of December 31, 2016, the Company had $37.5 million of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include liquid investments, primarily money market funds, with maturities of less than 90 days at the time of purchase. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and at each balance sheet date. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and receivables. our cash and cash equivalents are maintained with high-credit-quality financial institutions. as a result, management believes that its potential credit risks are minimal. Fair Value Measurements U.s. gaap defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. U.s. gaap also establishes a fair value hierarchy that gives the highest priority to observable inputs and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: Level 1: inputs represent a fair value that is derived from unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets at the measurement date. Level 2: inputs represent a fair value that is derived from quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities, and pricing inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 3: inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands): Assets Cash and cash equivalents: Money market funds other current assets: indemnification - sale of ssL Liabilities Long term liabilities $ $ indemnification - globalstar do Brasil s.a. $ Level 1 December 31, 2016 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 December 31, 2015 Level 2 Level 3 35,514 $ — $ — $ 53,129 $ — $ — — $ — $ 2,410 $ — $ — $ 1,953 — $ — $ 357 $ — $ — $ 1,006 F- 9 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value as of each reporting date because of the short maturity of those instruments. The Company does not have any non-financial assets or non-financial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value as of December 31, 2016. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis We review the carrying values of our equity method investments when events and circumstances warrant and consider all available evidence in evaluating when declines in fair value are other-than-temporary. The fair values of our investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available and may include quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow projections. an impairment charge is recorded when the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its current fair value and is determined to be other-than-temporary. The asset resulting from the indemnification relating to the sale of ssL is for certain pre-closing taxes and reflects the excess of payments since inception over the estimated liability, which was originally determined using a fair value objective approach. The estimated liability for indemnifications relating to the sale of our ownership interests in globalstar do Brasil s.a. (“gdB”), originally determined using expected value analysis, is net of payments since inception. Contingencies Contingencies by their nature relate to uncertainties that require management to exercise judgment both in assessing the likelihood that a liability has been incurred as well as in estimating the amount of potential loss, if any. We accrue for costs relating to litigation, claims and other contingent matters when such liabilities become probable and reasonably estimable. such estimates may be based on advice from third parties or on management’s judgment, as appropriate. actual amounts paid may differ from amounts estimated, and such differences will be charged to operations in the period in which the final determination of the liability is made. Income Taxes Loral and its subsidiaries are subject to U.s. federal, state and local income taxation on their worldwide income and foreign taxation on certain income from sources outside the United states. Telesat is subject to tax in Canada and other jurisdictions, and Loral will provide in operating earnings any additional U.s. current and deferred tax required on distributions received or deemed to be received from Telesat. Deferred income taxes reflect the future tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting and are measured by applying anticipated statutory tax rates in effect for the year during which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The tax benefit of an uncertain tax position (“UTp”) taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns is recognized only if it is “more likely than not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on its technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefit recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense on a quarterly basis. The unrecognized tax benefit of a UTp is recognized in the period when the UTp is effectively settled. previously recognized tax positions are derecognized in the first period in which it is no longer more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination. Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share are computed based upon the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding during each period. shares of non-voting common stock are in all respects identical to and treated equally with shares of voting common stock except for the absence of voting rights (other than as provided in Loral’s amended and restated Certificate of incorporation which was ratified by Loral’s stockholders on May 19, 2009). Diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding during each period, adjusted for the effect of unvested or unconverted restricted stock units. For diluted earnings per share, earnings are adjusted for the dilutive effect of Telesat stock options. F- 10 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) Additional Cash Flow Information The following represents non-cash activities and supplemental information to the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): non-cash operating items: Equity in net (income) loss of affiliates Deferred taxes Depreciation and amortization amortization of prior service credit and actuarial loss net non-cash operating items – continuing operations supplemental information: interest paid – continuing operations interest paid – discontinued operations Tax payments (refunds), net - continuing operations Recent Accounting Pronouncements Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ $ $ $ $ (84,078) $ 29,535 60 916 (53,567) $ 104,792 $ (39,694) 41 1,260 66,399 $ 20 $ 750 $ 153 $ 314 $ 1,549 $ (233) $ 1,502 (10,276) 42 456 (8,276) 15 227 (10,265) in august 2016, the Financial accounting standards Board (“FasB”) issued accounting standards Update (“asU”) no. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) , a consensus of the FasB’s Emerging issues Task Force. The new guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The guidance relevant to the Company provides an accounting policy election for classifying distributions received from equity method investments. such amounts can be classified using (i) a cumulative earnings approach, or (ii) a nature of distribution approach. Under the cumulative earnings approach, an investor compares the distributions received to such investor’s cumulative equity method earnings since inception. any distributions received up to the amount of cumulative equity earnings are considered a return on investment and classified in operating activities. any excess distributions are considered a return of investment and classified in investing activities. alternatively, under the nature of distribution approach, an investor classifies the distributions based on the nature of activities of the investee that generated the distribution. if the necessary information is subsequently not available for an investee to determine the nature of the activities, the entity should use the cumulative earnings approach for that investee and report a change in accounting principle on a retrospective basis. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, with earlier application permitted in any interim or annual period, using a retrospective transition method. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of asU no. 2016-15 on its consolidated financial statements. in March 2016, the FasB issued asU no. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. asU no. 2016-09 simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences. Under the new guidance, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to share-based payment transactions should be recognized in the current period as discrete adjustments to income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. Under previous U.s. gaap, excess tax benefits were recognized in additional paid-in capital while tax deficiencies were recognized first as an offset to accumulated excess tax benefits, then as additional income tax expense. also, under previous U.s. gaap, excess tax benefits were not recognized until the related income tax deduction reduced income taxes payable. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017, with earlier application permitted in any interim or annual period. The Company is adopting the new guidance as of January 1, 2017 and upon adoption previously unrecognized excess tax benefits of $4.7 million will be recognized as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings (see note 8). F- 11 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) in February 2016, the FasB amended the accounting standards Codification (“asC”) by creating asC Topic 842, Leases. asC Topic 842 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a lease term greater than 12 months. The main difference between previous U.s. gaap and asC Topic 842 is the recognition under asC 842 of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.s. gaap. The new guidance, effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, with earlier application permitted, is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. in January 2015, the FasB issued asU no. 2015-01, Income Statement – Extraordinary and Unusual Items. asU 2015-01 simplifies income statement classification by removing the concept of extraordinary items from U.s. gaap. Under previous U.s. gaap, an entity was required to separately disclose extraordinary items, net of tax, in the income statement after income from continuing operations if an event or transaction was of unusual nature and occurred infrequently. This separate, net-of-tax presentation (and corresponding earnings per share impact) is no longer allowed. The requirement to separately present items that are of unusual nature or occur infrequently on a pre-tax basis within income from continuing operations has been retained. The new guidance also requires similar separate presentation of items that are both unusual and infrequent. The guidance, effective for the Company on January 1, 2016, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. in august 2014, the FasB issued a new standard – asU no. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern - that will explicitly require management to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. according to the new standard, substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern exists if it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date the entity’s financial statements are issued. in order to determine the specific disclosures, if any, that would be required, management will need to assess if substantial doubt exists, and, if so, whether its plans will alleviate such substantial doubt. The guidance, effective for the Company on December 31, 2016, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows (in thousands): Balance at January 1, 2014 other comprehensive loss before reclassification amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss net current-period other comprehensive loss Balance at December 31, 2014 other comprehensive loss before reclassification amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss net current-period other comprehensive loss Balance at December 31, 2015 other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss net current-period other comprehensive loss (income) Balance at December 31, 2016 F- 12 Proportionate Share of Telesat Other Postretirement Comprehensive Comprehensive Accumulated Other Benefits (Loss) Income Loss $ (9,171) $ (11,745) $ (20,916) (5,147) 336 (4,811) (13,982) (265) 788 523 (13,459) (3,494) — (3,494) (15,239) — — — (15,239) (8,641) 336 (8,305) (29,221) (265) 788 523 (28,698) (1,209) 15,477 14,268 594 (615) (14,074) $ — 15,477 238 $ 594 14,862 (13,836) $ LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The components of other comprehensive (loss) income and related tax effects are as follows (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2016 postretirement Benefits: net actuarial loss and prior service credits amortization of prior service credits and net actuarial loss postretirement benefits proportionate share of Telesat other comprehensive income (b) other comprehensive income Year ended December 31, 2015 postretirement Benefits: net actuarial loss and prior service credits amortization of prior service credits and net actuarial loss postretirement benefits proportionate share of Telesat other comprehensive (loss) gain other comprehensive income Year ended December 31, 2014 postretirement Benefits: net actuarial loss and prior service credits amortization of prior service credits and net actuarial loss postretirement benefits proportionate share of Telesat other comprehensive loss other comprehensive loss Before-Tax Amount Tax Benefit (Provision) Net-of-Tax Amount $ $ $ $ $ $ (1,865) $ 916(a) (949) 23,872 22,923 $ (424) $ 1,260(a) 836 — 836 $ (8,117) $ 456(a) (7,661) (5,563) (13,224) $ 656 $ (322) 334 (8,395) (8,061) $ 159 $ (472) (313) — (313) $ 2,970 $ (120) 2,850 2,069 4,919 $ (1,209) 594 (615) 15,477 14,862 (265) 788 523 — 523 (5,147) 336 (4,811) (3,494) (8,305) (a) reclassifications are included in general and administrative expenses. (b) includes $20.8 million ($13.5 million, net of tax) share in the equity of Telesat’s other comprehensive income that we could not record in 2015 (see note 6). 4. Receivables in connection with the sale, Loral received a three-year promissory note in the principal amount of $101 million (the “Land note”). Loral received principal payments under the Land note of $33.7 million and $67.3 million on March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. interest on the Land note ranged from 1.0% to 1.5%. all amounts due under the Land note had been received as of March 31, 2015. F- 13 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 5. Other Current Assets other current assets consist of (in thousands): indemnification receivable from ssL for pre-closing taxes (see note 14) Due from affiliates prepaid expenses income taxes receivable other 6. Investments in Affiliates investments in affiliates consist of (in thousands): Telesat XTar Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates consists of (in thousands): Telesat XTar Telesat December 31 December 31, 2016 2015 $ $ 2,410 $ 225 192 545 111 3,483 $ 1,953 381 169 358 118 2,979 December 31, 2016 2015 $ $ 107,950 $ — 107,950 $ — — — Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ $ 84,078 $ — 84,078 $ (74,329) $ (30,463) (104,792) $ 24,698 (26,200) (1,502) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we held a 62.7% and 62.8% economic interest, respectively, and a 32.7% voting interest in Telesat. our economic interest decreased from 62.8% to 62.7% in March 2016 when certain Telesat employees exercised share appreciation rights related to a total of 178,642 stock options granted under Telesat’s share-based compensation plan and received 129,400 non-voting participating preferred shares. also in March 2016, a total of 1,253,477 vested stock options were repurchased by Telesat at fair value from Telesat management personnel and other employees for total cash consideration of CaD 24.7 million, of which CaD 18.7 million was paid to management personnel. We use the equity method of accounting for our majority economic interest in Telesat because we own 32.7% of the voting stock and do not exercise control by other means to satisfy the U.s. gaap requirement for treatment as a consolidated subsidiary. We have also concluded that Telesat is not a variable interest entity for which we are the primary beneficiary. Loral’s equity in net income or loss of Telesat is based on our proportionate share of Telesat’s results in accordance with U.s. gaap and in U.s. dollars. our proportionate share of Telesat’s net income or loss is based on our economic interest as our holdings consist of common stock and non-voting participating preferred shares that have all the rights of common stock with respect to dividends, return of capital and surplus distributions, but have no voting rights. as of December 31, 2015, we had an unrecorded equity loss in Telesat of $57.9 million, the amount by which our share of Telesat’s losses together with cash distributions we received from Telesat exceeded our recorded cumulative equity in net income of Telesat and our initial investment. accordingly, in following the equity method of accounting, our investment balance in Telesat was reduced to zero as of December 31, 2015. in addition, our equity in Telesat’s other comprehensive income that we could not record as of December 31, 2015 was $20.8 million. We recognized this $57.9 million equity loss and our $20.8 million share in the equity of Telesat’s other comprehensive income in 2016 as a result of the recognition of the suspended loss. F- 14 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) During the year ended December 31, 2016, we recorded an increase in equity in net income of affiliates of $3.0 million ($1.9 million, net of tax) that should have been recognized in prior years. as a result, net income per share (basic and diluted) increased $0.06 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded an increase to our equity in net loss of affiliates of $3.5 million ($2.2 million, net of tax) and an increase in other comprehensive income of $5.3 million that should have been recognized in prior years. as a result, net loss per share (basic and diluted) increased $0.07 per share. The 2016 non-cash adjustment relates primarily to an error in mark-to-market accounting for embedded foreign exchange derivatives in a Telesat customer contract. Changes in fair value of these embedded derivatives are required to be recognized under U.s. gaap, but not under international Financial reporting standards, the basis of accounting used by Telesat. The 2015 non-cash adjustment consisted primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses. The Company has not revised previous financial statements for these adjustments based on its belief that the effect of such adjustments is not material to the financial statements taken as a whole. on november 17, 2016, Telesat entered into amended senior secured credit facilities which provide for term loan borrowings of $2.43 billion which mature on november 17, 2023 and revolving credit borrowings of up to $200 million (or Canadian dollar equivalent) which mature on november 17, 2021. Telesat also issued, through a private placement, $500 million of 8.875% senior notes which mature on november 17, 2024. on november 17, 2016, Telesat repaid all outstanding amounts under its former senior secured credit facilities and its 6.0% senior notes. on February 1, 2017, Telesat amended the senior secured credit facilities to effectively reprice the then outstanding term loan borrowings of $2.424 billion. The ability of Telesat to pay dividends or certain other restricted payments in cash to Loral is governed by applicable covenants in Telesat’s debt and shareholder agreements. Telesat’s credit agreement governing its senior secured credit facilities limits, among other items, Telesat’s ability to incur debt and make dividend payments if the total leverage ratio (“Total Leverage ratio”) is above 4.50:1.00, with certain exceptions. as of December 31, 2016, Telesat’s Total Leverage ratio was 4.92:1.00. Telesat is permitted to pay annual consulting fees of $5 million to Loral in cash (see note 15) and is permitted to make cash distributions of approximately $400 million to its shareholders and optionholders, of which Loral received cash of $242.7 million in the first quarter of 2017. The contribution of Loral skynet, a wholly owned subsidiary of Loral prior to its contribution to Telesat in 2007, was recorded by Loral at the historical book value of our retained interest combined with the gain recognized on the contribution. however, the contribution was recorded by Telesat at fair value. accordingly, the amortization of Telesat fair value adjustments applicable to the Loral skynet assets and liabilities is proportionately eliminated in determining our share of the net income or losses of Telesat. our equity in net income or loss of Telesat also reflects amortization of profits eliminated, to the extent of our economic interest in Telesat, on satellites we constructed for Telesat while we owned ssL and on Loral’s sale to Telesat in april 2011 of its portion of the payload on the viasat-1 satellite and related assets. in connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat in 2007, Loral retained the benefit of tax recoveries related to transferred assets and indemnified Telesat (“Telesat indemnification”) for certain liabilities including Loral skynet’s tax liabilities arising prior to January 1, 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2014, Loral and Telesat settled several of the Telesat indemnification tax disputes (see note 15) resulting in a net cash recovery of $5.4 million which was received from Telesat in april 2014. our investment in Telesat was reduced by $5.0 million as a result of this recovery. F- 15 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The following table presents summary financial data for Telesat in accordance with U.s. gaap, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): statement of operations Data: revenues operating expenses Depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation Loss on disposition of long lived assets operating income interest expense Loss on refinancing Foreign exchange gain (loss) gain on financial instruments other income income tax provision net income (loss) Balance sheet Data: Current assets Total assets Current liabilities Long-term debt, including current portion Total liabilities shareholders’ equity Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ $ 703,131 $ (139,141) (195,781) (1,937) 366,272 (145,288) (12,246) 68,719 974 4,590 (58,772) 224,249 $ 751,684 $ (140,706) (190,985) (24) 419,969 (138,783) — (426,980) 7,810 3,672 (74,447) (208,759) $ 837,440 (161,944) (231,849) (276) 443,371 (182,395) — (232,275) 70,872 2,779 (60,954) 41,398 December 31, 2016 2015 $ 678,361 $ 4,194,006 154,173 2,877,950 3,597,056 596,950 568,106 4,009,352 187,488 2,968,776 3,635,918 373,434 Telesat had capital expenditures of $203.8 million, $152.5 million and $86.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. XTAR We own 56% of XTar, a joint venture between us and hisdesat servicios Estrategicos s.a. (“hisdesat”) of spain. We account for our ownership interest in XTar under the equity method of accounting because we do not control certain of its significant operating decisions. We have also concluded that XTar is not a variable interest entity for which we are the primary beneficiary. XTar owns and operates an X-band satellite, XTar-EUr, located at 29° E.L., which is designed to provide X-band communications services exclusively to United states, spanish and allied government users throughout the satellite’s coverage area, including Europe, the Middle East and asia. XTar also leases 7.2 72Mhz X-band transponders on the spainsat satellite located at 30° W.L., owned by hisdesat. These transponders, designated as XTar-LanT, provide capacity to XTar for additional X-band services and greater coverage and flexibility. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying value of our investment in XTar was zero as a result of the decline in its fair value that was determined to be other-than-temporary. The value of our investment in XTar was determined based on the income approach by discounting projected annual cash flows to their present value using a rate of return appropriate for the risk of achieving the projected cash flows. We recorded non-cash impairment charges of $21.2 million and $18.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to our investment in XTar. The impairment charge recorded in 2014 was primarily due to a decline in XTar’s revenues by approximately 17% from 2013 to 2014 resulting in a reassessment of our revenue expectations for future years. in the third quarter of 2015, we recorded an impairment charge of $8 million primarily as a result of an increase in the discount rate used to value our investment in XTar. We recorded an additional impairment charge of $13.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2015 primarily due to the reassessment of our revenue expectations for future years dictated by a decline in XTar’s revenues by approximately 11% from 2014 to 2015. Beginning January 1, 2016, we discontinued providing for our allocated share of XTar’s net losses as our investment has been reduced to zero and we have no commitment to provide further financial support to XTar. F- 16 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) XTar’s lease obligation to hisdesat for the XTar-LanT transponders (the “Transponder service”) requires payment by XTar up to a maximum amount of $28 million per year through the end of the useful life of the satellite which is estimated to be in 2021. Under the lease agreement (the “spainsat Lease agreement”), hisdesat may also be entitled under certain circumstances to a share of the revenues generated on the Transponder service. in september 2016, XTar and hisdesat amended the spainsat Lease agreement to, among other things, reduce for 2016 and 2017 the minimum capacity required to be leased by XTar, and accordingly lease payments by XTar for 2016 and 2017 were reduced from $26 million to $18.2 million. The 2016 reduction was retroactive to January 1, 2016. in January 2017, XTar and hisdesat again amended the spainsat Lease agreement to, among other things, reduce for 2017 the minimum capacity required to be leased by XTar, and accordingly lease payments by XTar for 2017 were reduced to $9.5 million. in March 2009, XTar entered into an agreement with hisdesat pursuant to which the past due balance on XTar-LanT transponders of $32.3 million as of December 31, 2008, together with a deferral of $6.7 million in payments due in 2009, is payable to hisdesat over 12 years through annual payments of $5 million (the “Catch Up payments”). XTar has a right to prepay, at any time, all unpaid Catch Up payments discounted at 9%. Cumulative amounts paid to hisdesat for Catch-Up payments through December 31, 2016 were $29.2 million. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, XTar has deferred payment of liabilities of $28.8 million and $17.7 million, respectively, for its lease obligation and Catch-Up payments to hisdesat. XTar has also agreed that XTar’s excess cash balance (as defined) will be applied towards making limited payments on future lease obligations, as well as payments of other amounts owed to hisdesat, Telesat and Loral for services provided by them to XTar. The ability of XTar to pay dividends and management fees in cash to Loral is governed by XTar’s operating agreement (see note 15). The following table presents summary financial data for XTar for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): statement of operations Data: revenues operating expenses Depreciation and amortization operating loss net loss Balance sheet Data: Current assets Total assets Current liabilities Total liabilities Members’ equity Other Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ 18,550 $ (24,123) (8,589) (14,162) (18,296) 25,852 $ (31,933) (8,874) (14,955) (18,722) 29,171 (31,367) (9,257) (11,453) (13,835) December 31, 2016 2015 $ 6,364 $ 36,008 53,795 75,395 (39,387) 7,533 44,793 41,712 68,126 (23,333) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company held various indirect ownership interests in two foreign companies that currently serve as exclusive service providers for globalstar service in Mexico and russia. The Company accounts for these ownership interests using the equity method of accounting. Loral has written off its investments in these companies, and, because we have no future funding requirements relating to these investments, there is no requirement for us to provide for our allocated share of these companies’ net losses. F- 17 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 7. Other Current Liabilities other current liabilities consists of (in thousands): ssL indemnification liability relating to viasat suit settlement (see note 14) accrued professional fees pension and other postretirement liabilities accrued liabilities 8. Income Taxes December 31, 2016 2015 2,801 $ 665 108 198 3,772 $ 10,714 871 120 350 12,055 $ $ The (provision) benefit for income taxes on the loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of affiliates consists of the following (in thousands): Current: U.s. Federal state and local Foreign Total current Deferred: U.s. Federal state and local Total deferred Total income tax (provision) benefit Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ $ (1,718) $ 2,981 (235) 1,028 (26,337) (3,198) (29,535) (28,507) $ (1,089) $ 7,106 (235) 5,782 35,721 3,973 39,694 45,476 $ (5,524) 3,573 (220) (2,171) 8,531 1,745 10,276 8,105 our current tax (provision) benefit includes a decrease (increase) to our liability for UTps for (in thousands): Decrease to unrecognized tax benefits interest expense penalties Total Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ $ 2,477 $ (2,011) 387 853 $ 4,921 $ (103) 1,393 6,211 $ 3,062 (1,757) 1,250 2,555 The deferred tax (provision) benefit for each period included the impact of equity in net income (loss) of affiliates from our consolidated statement of operations. For each period presented, the statute of limitations for the assessment of additional tax expired with regard to several of our federal and state UTps and certain other UTps were settled. as a result, the reduction to our liability for UTps provided a current tax benefit, partially offset by an additional provision for the potential payment of interest on our remaining UTps. For 2014, the current tax provision of $2.2 million included a reduction to the benefit recorded in 2013 from the carryback of our federal tax loss after having made lower contributions to our qualified pension plan in 2014 than originally anticipated. The deferred tax benefit also included an increase to our federal noL carryforward from the enhanced extraterritorial income exclusion provided by former section 114 of the internal revenue Code. Without the sale, we would not have remeasured the extraterritorial income exclusion because it would have provided only a minimal cash tax benefit. F- 18 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) in addition to the (provision) benefit for income taxes on the loss from continuing operations presented above, we also recorded the following items (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 Tax benefit on loss from discontinued operations adjustment to tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation recorded to paid-in-capital Deferred tax (provision) benefit for adjustments in other comprehensive loss (see note 3) $ 200 $ (141) (8,061) 450 $ 2,609 (313) 14,482 1,864 4,919 Until December 31, 2016, the Company used the with-and-without approach of determining how and when excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation had been realized and recorded to paid-in-capital. Effective January 1, 2017, the Company is adopting asU no. 2016-09 for the recognition of both previously unrecognized and future tax benefits from stock-based compensation (see note 2). The (provision) benefit for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory U.s. Federal income tax rate on the loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income (loss) of affiliates because of the effect of the following items (in thousands): Tax benefit at U.s. statutory rate of 35% permanent adjustments which change statutory amounts: state and local income taxes, net of federal income tax Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates Extraterritorial income exclusion provision for unrecognized tax benefits interest on deferred installment sale nondeductible expenses Change in valuation allowance Foreign income taxes other, net Total income tax (provision) benefit The following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): Balance at January 1 increases related to prior year tax positions Decreases related to prior year tax positions Decreases as a result of statute expirations Decreases as a result of tax settlements Balance at December 31 F- 19 Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 $ 2,800 $ 3,566 $ 2,811 (4,588) (29,427) — (1,113) — (586) 4,565 (153) (5) (28,507) $ 7,821 36,677 — (708) — (1,411) (307) (153) (9) 45,476 $ 4,497 526 3,468 (833) (216) (1,359) (624) (143) (22) 8,105 Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 72,298 $ 1,525 — (5,674) — 68,149 $ 78,333 $ 1,955 — (6,876) (1,114) 72,298 $ 80,527 2,141 (423) (3,043) (869) 78,333 $ $ $ LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.s. federal, state or local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2012. Earlier years related to certain foreign jurisdictions remain subject to examination. various federal, state and foreign income tax returns are currently under examination. however, to the extent allowed by law, the tax authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss carryforward. While we intend to contest any future tax assessments for uncertain tax positions, no assurance can be provided that we would ultimately prevail. During the next twelve months, the statute of limitations for assessment of additional tax will expire with regard to certain UTps related to our state income tax returns filed for 2012, potentially resulting in a $14.0 million reduction to our unrecognized tax benefits. pursuant to the purchase agreement for the sale, we are obligated to indemnify ssL for taxes related to periods prior to the closing of the transaction. our liability for UTps decreased from $69.5 million at December 31, 2015 to $68.7 million at December 31, 2016 and is included in long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. at December 31, 2016, we have accrued $7.6 million and $6.0 million for the potential payment of tax-related interest and penalties, respectively. if our positions are sustained by the taxing authorities, approximately $30.2 million of the tax benefits will reduce the Company’s income tax provision from continuing operations. other than as described above, there were no significant changes to our unrecognized tax benefits during the year ended December 31, 2016, and we do not anticipate any other significant increases or decreases to our unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months. in connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat, Loral indemnified Telesat for Loral skynet tax liabilities relating to periods preceding 2007 and retained the benefit of tax recoveries related to the transferred assets. The unrecognized tax benefits related to the Loral skynet subsidiaries were transferred to Telesat subject to the Telesat indemnification. at December 31, 2016, Loral’s asset or liability for the Telesat indemnification based upon the probable outcome of these matters is not expected to be material (see notes 6 and 15). at December 31, 2016, we had federal noL carryforwards of $270.9 million, state noL carryforwards, primarily California ($6.1 million) and new York ($2.2 million), and federal research credits of $1.2 million which expire from 2017 to 2036, as well as federal and state aMT and state research credit carryforwards of approximately $7.4 million that may be carried forward indefinitely. The reorganization of the Company on the Effective Date constituted an ownership change under section 382 of the internal revenue Code. accordingly, use of our tax attributes, such as noLs and tax credits generated prior to the ownership change, are subject to an annual limitation of approximately $32.6 million, subject to increase or decrease based on certain factors. We assess the recoverability of our noLs and other deferred tax assets and based upon this analysis, record a valuation allowance to the extent recoverability does not satisfy the “more likely than not” recognition criteria. We continue to maintain our valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support full or partial reversal. as of December 31, 2016, we had a valuation allowance totaling $3.6 million against our deferred tax assets for certain tax credit and loss carryovers due to the limited carryforward periods. During 2016, the valuation allowance decreased by $4.6 million, which was recorded as a benefit to continuing operations in our statement of operations after a significant portion of our California noL carryforward expired unutilized. subsequent to the sale, to the extent that profitability from operations is not sufficient to realize the benefit from our remaining net deferred tax assets, we would generate sufficient taxable income from the appreciated value of our Telesat investment, which currently has a nominal tax basis, in order to prevent federal net operating losses from expiring and realize the benefit of all remaining deferred tax assets. F- 20 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) During 2015, the valuation allowance increased by $0.3 million , which was recorded as a provision to continuing operations in our statement of operations. During 2014, the valuation allowance increased by $0.7 million , of which 0.6 million was recorded as a provision to continuing operations in our statement of operations and $0.1 million was charged to other comprehensive loss. The significant components of the net deferred income tax assets are (in thousands): Deferred tax assets: net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards Compensation and benefits indemnification liabilities other, net Federal benefit of uncertain tax positions pension costs investments in and advances to affiliates Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance Less valuation allowance Deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance Deferred tax liabilities: investments in and advances to affiliates Total deferred tax liabilities net deferred tax assets Classification on consolidated balance sheets: Deferred tax assets Long-term liabilities net deferred tax assets 9. Long-Term Liabilities Long term liabilities consists of (in thousands): ssL indemnification liability relating to viasat suit settlement (see note 14) indemnification liabilities - other (see note 14) Deferred tax liability Liabilities for uncertain tax positions other F- 21 December 31, 2016 2015 119,524 $ 1,582 1,346 219 7,528 5,984 — 136,183 (3,647) 132,536 17,257 17,257 115,279 $ 115,285 $ (6) 115,279 $ 117,676 1,639 5,434 2,023 7,818 6,294 20,004 160,888 (8,212) 152,676 — — 152,676 152,676 — 152,676 December 31, 2016 2015 — $ 357 6 68,658 238 69,259 $ 2,754 1,006 — 69,511 307 73,578 $ $ $ $ $ $ LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 10. Stock-Based Compensation Stock Plans The Loral amended and restated 2005 stock incentive plan (the “stock incentive plan”) which allowed for the grant of several forms of stock-based compensation awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonuses and other stock-based awards, had a ten-year term and has expired. The Company granted 75,262 restricted stock units under the stock incentive plan that do not expire and remained unconverted as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. as of December 31, 2016, there is no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards. 11. Earnings Per Share Telesat has awarded employee stock options, which, if exercised, would result in dilution of Loral’s ownership interest in Telesat to approximately 62.2%. The following table presents the dilutive impact of Telesat stock options on Loral’s reported income from continuing operations for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share (in thousands): income from continuing operations — basic Less: adjustment for dilutive effect of Telesat stock options income from continuing operations — diluted Year Ended December 31, 2016 47,570 (1,096) 46,474 $ $ Telesat stock options are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 as the effect would be antidilutive. Basic earnings per share is computed based upon the weighted average number of shares of voting and non-voting common stock outstanding. The following is the computation of common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (in thousands): Weighted average common shares outstanding Unconverted restricted stock units Common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share Year Ended December 31, 2016 30,933 75 31,008 For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the following unconverted restricted stock units are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share as the effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands): Unconverted restricted stock units F- 22 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2015 78 84 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 12. Pensions and Other Employee Benefit Plans Pensions We maintain a qualified defined benefit pension plan, to which members may contribute in order to receive enhanced pension benefits. Employees hired after June 30, 2006 do not participate in the defined benefit pension plan, but participate in our defined contribution savings plan with an additional Company contribution. Benefits are based primarily on members’ compensation and/or years of service. our funding policy is to fund the qualified pension plan in accordance with the internal revenue Code and regulations thereon. plan assets are generally invested in equity, fixed income and real asset investments. pension plan assets are managed primarily by russell investment Corp. (“russell”), which allocates the assets into funds as we direct. Other Benefits in addition to providing pension benefits, we provide certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and dependents. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, such benefits were provided through plans sponsored by Telesat. participants are eligible for these benefits generally when they retire from active service and meet the eligibility requirements for our pension plan. These benefits are funded primarily on a pay-as-you-go basis, with the retiree generally paying a portion of the cost through contributions, deductibles and coinsurance provisions. Effective January 1, 2015, retiree medical coverage for retirees age 65 or over and their dependents was discontinued. in 2015, the Company made discretionary lump sum payments to participants affected to assist them in purchasing alternate coverage. The effects on the consolidated financial statements of discontinuing this coverage and the lump sum payments were not significant. Funded Status The following tables provide a reconciliation of the changes in the plans’ benefit obligations and fair value of assets for 2016 and 2015, and a statement of the funded status as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. We use a December 31 measurement date for the pension plan and other post-retirement benefits (in thousands). reconciliation of benefit obligation: obligation at beginning of period service cost interest cost participant contributions actuarial loss (gain) Benefit payments Curtailment and settlement obligation at December 31, reconciliation of fair value of plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period actual return on plan assets Employer contributions participant contributions Benefit payments Fair value of plan assets at December 31, Funded status at end of period Pension Benefits Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 Other Benefits Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 46,976 $ 668 1,982 45 1,537 (1,745) — 49,463 29,296 1,709 2,161 45 (1,745) 31,466 (17,997) $ $ $ F- 23 48,172 $ 511 1,896 22 (1,930) (1,695) — 46,976 28,476 (248) 2,741 22 (1,695) 29,296 (17,680) $ 559 $ 1 22 20 (6) (52) — 544 — — 32 20 (52) — (544) $ 1,623 2 38 38 (1) (92) (1,049) 559 — — 54 38 (92) — (559) LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The benefit obligations for pensions and other employee benefits exceeded the fair value of plan assets by $18.5 million at December 31, 2016 (the “unfunded benefit obligations”). The unfunded benefit obligations were measured using a discount rate of 4.00% and 4.25% at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Lowering the discount rate by 0.5% would have increased the unfunded benefit obligations by approximately $3.6 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. Market conditions and interest rates will significantly affect future assets and liabilities of Loral’s pension plan and other post-retirement benefits. The pre-tax amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consist of (in thousands): actuarial loss amendments-prior service cost Pension Benefits December 31, Other Benefits December 31, 2016 2015 2016 2015 $ $ (17,816) $ — (17,816) $ (16,830) $ — (16,830) $ (80) $ (47) (127) $ (95) (69) (164) The amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 consist of (in thousands): 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Pension Benefits Other Benefits Pension Benefits Other Benefits Pension Benefits Other Benefits actuarial (loss) gain during the period amortization of actuarial loss amortization of prior service cost recognition due to curtailment Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) $ (1,875) $ 889 — — $ (986) $ 10 $ 5 22 — 37 $ (425) $ 795 — — 1 $ 26 11 428 (7,972) $ 408 — — 370 $ 466 $ (7,564) $ (145) 39 9 — (97) amounts recognized in the balance sheet consist of (in thousands): Current Liabilities Long-Term Liabilities Pension Benefits December 31, Other Benefits December 31, 2016 2015 2016 2015 $ $ — $ 17,997 17,997 $ — $ 17,680 17,680 $ 108 $ 436 544 $ 120 439 559 The estimated actuarial loss for pension benefits that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic cost over the next fiscal year is $0.9 million. The accumulated pension benefit obligation was $48.5 million and $46.0 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. During 2016, we contributed $2.2 million to the qualified pension plan and our contributions for the other employee post-retirement benefits were not significant. During 2017, based on current estimates, our minimum required contributions to the qualified pension plan will be approximately $2.4 million. We expect that our funding of other employee post-retirement benefits during 2017 will not be significant. F- 24 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The following table provides the components of net periodic cost included in income from continuing operations for the plans for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): Pension Benefits Year Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 2016 Other Benefits Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 service cost interest cost Expected return on plan assets recognition due to curtailment amortization of prior service cost amortization of net actuarial loss net periodic cost $ $ 668 $ 1,982 (2,047) — — 889 1,492 $ 511 $ 1,896 (2,107) — — 795 1,095 $ 188 $ 1,882 (1,882) — — 408 596 $ 1 $ 22 — — 22 5 50 $ 2 $ 38 — 428 11 26 505 $ 1 71 — — 9 39 120 Assumptions assumptions used to determine net periodic cost: Discount rate Expected return on plan assets rate of compensation increase assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation: Discount rate rate of compensation increase For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 4.00% 7.25% 4.25% 2016 4.25% 7.00% 4.25% 2014 4.75% 7.25% 4.25% 2016 4.00% 4.25% December 31, 2015 4.25% 4.25% 2014 4.00% 4.25% The expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets is selected by taking into account the expected duration of the projected benefit obligation for the plans, the asset mix of the plans and the fact that the plan assets are actively managed to mitigate risk. our expected long-term rate of return on plan assets for 2017 is 6.75%. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company contributions remaining for other benefits were primarily for fixed amounts. Therefore, future health care cost trend rates will not affect Company costs and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. Plan Assets The Company has established the pension plan as a retirement vehicle for participants and as a funding vehicle to secure promised benefits. The investment goal is to provide a total return that over time will earn a rate of return to satisfy the benefit obligations given investment risk levels, contribution amounts and expenses. The pension plan invests in compliance with the Employee retirement income security act 1974, as amended (“Erisa”), and any subsequent applicable regulations and laws. The Company has adopted an investment policy for the management and oversight of the pension plan. it sets forth the objectives for the pension plan, the strategies to achieve these objectives, procedures for monitoring and control and the delegation of responsibilities for the oversight and management of pension plan assets. F- 25 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The Company’s Board of Directors has delegated primary fiduciary responsibility for pension assets to an investment committee. in carrying out its responsibilities, the investment committee establishes investment policy, makes asset allocation decisions, determines asset class strategies and retains investment managers to implement asset allocation and asset class strategy decisions. it is responsible for the investment policy and may amend such policy from time to time. asset allocation policy is the principal method for achieving the pension plan’s investment objectives stated above. asset allocation policy is reviewed regularly by the investment committee. in april 2016 the pension plan revised the asset allocation targets in its investment policy to introduce a liquid return- seeking portfolio consisting of global equities, marketable real assets and fixed income investments. asset allocation policy is reviewed regularly. pension plan assets are invested in various asset classes in what we believe is a prudent manner for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to participants. U.s. equities are held for their long-term expected return premium over fixed income investments and inflation. non-U.s. equities are held for their expected return premium (along with U.s. equities), as well as diversification relative to U.s. equities and other asset classes. Fixed income investments are held for diversification relative to equities. real assets are held for diversification relative to equities and fixed income. alternative investments are held for both diversification and higher returns than those typically available in traditional asset classes. The pension plan’s actual and targeted asset allocations, based on the revised policy as of December 31, 2016 were as follows: Liquid return-seeking investments alternative investments Fixed income investments December 31, 2016 Actual Allocation 61% 9% 30% 100% Target 56.5% 14.5% 29.0% 100% Target Allocation Target Range 45-65% 0-20% 20-40% 100% The target allocation within the liquid return-seeking portfolio is 75% global equities, 15% marketable real assets and 10% fixed income. allocations may vary by up to 3% from these targets. The pension plan’s actual asset allocations as of December 31, 2015, based on the previous investment policy, were 57% equities and 43% fixed income. The pension plan’s assets are actively managed using a multi-asset, multi-style, multi-manager investment approach. portfolio risk is controlled through this diversification process and monitoring of money managers. Consideration of such factors as differing rates of return, volatility and correlation are utilized in the asset and manager selection process. Diversification reduces the impact of losses in single investments. performance results and fund accounting are provided to the Company by russell on a monthly basis. periodic reviews of the portfolio are performed by the investment committee with russell. These reviews typically consist of a market and economic review, a performance review, an allocation review and a strategy review. performance is judged by investment type against market indexes. allocation adjustments or fund changes may occur after these reviews. performance is reported to the Company’s Board of Directors at quarterly board meetings. Fair Value Measurements The values of the fund trusts are calculated using systems and procedures widely used across the investment industry. generally, investments are valued based on information in financial publications of general circulation, statistical and valuation services, discounted cash flow methodology, records of security exchanges, appraisal by qualified persons, transactions and bona fide offers. F- 26 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The table below provides the fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015, by asset category. The table also identifies the level of inputs used to determine the fair value of assets in each category. The Company’s pension plan assets are mainly held in commingled employee benefit fund trusts. Asset Category at December 31, 2016: Liquid return-seeking: Multi-asset fund (1) Fixed income securities: Commingled funds (2) alternative investments: Equity long/short fund (3) private equity fund (4) Distressed opportunity limited partnership (5) Multi-strategy limited partnerships (6) at December 31, 2015: Equity securities: U.s. large-cap (7) U.s. small-cap (8) global (9) non-U.s. (10) alternative investments: Equity long/short fund (3) real Estate securities (11) private equity fund (4) Fixed income securities: Commingled funds (2) alternative investments: Distressed opportunity limited partnership (5) Multi-strategy limited partnerships (6) Fair Value Measurements Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets Level 1 (In thousands) Significant Observable Inputs Level 2 Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 Total Percentage $ 19,142 61% $ 19,142 9,389 30% 835 129 448 1,523 2,935 31,466 7,159 1,989 2,333 3,704 847 614 174 16,820 3% 0% 1% 5% 9% 100% 24% 7% 8% 13% 3% 2% 0% 57% 10,708 37% 313 1,455 12,476 29,296 1% 5% 43% 100% $ $ $ 9,389 $ — — $ — 28,531 $ $ 7,159 1,989 2,333 3,704 $ 614 — 15,799 10,708 — — $ 10,708 26,507 $ 835 129 448 1,523 2,935 2,935 847 174 1,021 313 1,455 1,768 2,789 (1) a single fund that invests in global equities, marketable real assets and fixed income securities. The fund has no limitation on redemptions. (2) (3) investments in bonds representing many sectors of the broad bond market with both short-term and intermediate-term maturities. The fund has no limitation on redemptions. investments primarily in long and short positions in equity securities of U.s. and non-U.s. companies. The fund has semi-annual tender offer redemption periods on June 30 and December 31 and is reported on a one month lag. (4) Fund invests in portfolios of secondary interest in established venture capital, buyout, mezzanine and special situation funds on a global basis. Fund is valued on a quarterly lag with adjustment for subsequent cash activity. The fund terminates on June 26, 2019, subject to extension for up to three one-year periods. Earlier redemptions are not permitted. F- 27 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) investments mainly in discounted debt securities, bank loans, trade claims and other debt and equity securities of financially troubled companies. This partnership has semi-annual withdrawal rights on June 30 and December 31. This fund is reported on a one month lag. investments mainly in partnerships that have multi-strategy investment programs and do not rely on a single investment model. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, investments include a partnership that has monthly liquidation rights with notice of 33 days. investments in common stocks that rank among the largest 1,000 companies in the U.s. stock market. investments in common stocks that rank among the small capitalization stocks in the U.s. stock market. investments in common stocks across the world without being limited by national borders or to specific regions. (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) investments in common stocks of companies from developed and emerging countries outside the United states. (11) investments in real estate through a fund of funds which invests in global public real estate securities (rEiTs). The significant amount of Level 2 investments in the table results from including in this category investments in commingled funds that contain investments with values based on quoted market prices, but for which the funds are not valued on a quoted market basis. These commingled funds are valued at their net asset values (navs) that are calculated by the investment manager or sponsor. Equity investments in both U.s and non-U.s. stocks as well as public real estate investment trusts are primarily valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of identical securities. Fixed income investments are primarily valued using a market approach with inputs that include broker quotes, benchmark yields, base spreads and reported trades. additional information pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the pension plan assets classified as Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 is presented below: Balance at January 1, 2015 Unrealized gain (loss) realized gain/(loss) purchases sales Balance at December 31, 2015 Unrealized gain (loss) sales Balance at December 31, 2016 Private Equity Fund $ $ 249 $ 2 — — (77) 174 (2) (43) 129 $ Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Distressed Opportunity Equity Long/Short Fund Multi Strategy Funds Ltd. Partnership (In thousands) 801 $ 46 — — — 847 (12) — 835 $ 368 $ (55) — — — 313 135 — 448 $ 1,370 $ 26 59 639 (639) 1,455 68 — 1,523 $ Total 2,788 19 59 639 (716) 2,789 189 (43) 2,935 Both the Equity Long/short Fund and the Distressed opportunity Limited partnership are valued at each month-end based upon quoted market prices by the investment managers. They are included in Level 3 due to their restrictions on redemption to semi-annual periods on June 30 and December 31. The Multi-strategy Fund invests in various underlying securities. The fund’s net asset value is calculated by the fund manager and is not publicly available. The fund manager accumulates all the underlying security values and uses them in determining the fund’s net asset value. F- 28 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The private equity fund and limited partnership valuations are primarily based on cost/price of recent investments, earnings/performance multiples, net assets, discounted cash flows, comparable transactions and industry benchmarks. The annual audited financial statements of all funds are reviewed by the Company. Benefit Payments The following benefit payments, which reflect future services, as appropriate, are expected to be paid (in thousands): 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 to 2026 Employee Savings (401k) Plan Pension Benefits Other Benefits $ 1,778 $ 1,943 1,935 2,100 2,226 13,291 110 61 53 48 43 150 We have an employee savings (401k) plan, to which the Company provides contributions which match up to 6% of a participant’s base salary at a rate of 66⅔ %. The Company also makes retirement contributions to the savings (401k) plan, which provide added retirement benefits to employees hired on or after July 1, 2006, as they are not eligible to participate in our defined benefit pension plan. retirement contributions are provided regardless of an employee’s contribution to the savings (401k) plan. Matching contributions and retirement contributions are collectively known as Company contributions. Company contributions are made in cash and placed in each participant’s age appropriate “life cycle” fund. For each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, Company contributions were $0.1 million. participants of the savings (401k) plan are able to redirect Company contributions to any available fund within the plan. participants are also able to direct their contributions to any available fund. 13. Financial Instruments, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Financial Instruments The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amount of the Land note approximates fair value because the stated interest rate is consistent with current market rates. Foreign Currency We are subject to the risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit this foreign exchange rate exposure, we attempt to denominate all contracts in U.s. dollars. Where appropriate, derivatives are used to minimize the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations to operating results and cash flows. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Derivatives and Hedging Transactions There were no derivative instruments as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. F- 29 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 14. Commitments and Contingencies Financial Matters in the fourth quarter of 2012, we sold our former subsidiary, ssL, to MDa pursuant to the purchase agreement. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, we are obligated to indemnify MDa and its affiliates from (1) liabilities with respect to certain pre-closing taxes; and (2) certain litigation costs and litigation damages relating to the viasat suit. our consolidated balance sheets include an indemnification refund receivable of $2.4 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. This receivable represents payments to date net of the estimated fair value of the liability for our indemnification for our obligation with respect to certain pre-closing taxes. The final amounts for indemnification claims related to pre-closing taxes have not yet been determined. Where appropriate, we intend vigorously to contest the underlying tax assessments, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful. although no assurance can be provided, we do not believe that these tax-related matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. For a discussion of the viasat suit and our indemnification obligations related thereto, see Legal proceedings, below. in connection with the sale in 2008 by Loral and certain of its subsidiaries and Dasa globalstar LLC to globalstar inc. of their respective interests in gdB, the globalstar Brazilian service provider, Loral agreed to indemnify globalstar inc. and gdB for certain gdB pre-closing liabilities, primarily related to Brazilian taxes. our consolidated balance sheets include liabilities of $0.4 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for indemnification liabilities relating to the sale of gdB. see note 15 — related party Transactions — Transactions with Affiliates — Telesat for commitments and contingencies relating to our agreement to indemnify Telesat for certain liabilities and our arrangements with viasat and Telesat. Lease Arrangements We lease certain facilities and equipment under agreements expiring at various dates. Certain leases covering facilities contain renewal and/or purchase options which may be exercised by us. We have no sublease income in any of the periods presented. rent expense is as follows (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2016 Year ended December 31, 2015 Year ended December 31, 2014 Rent Expense $ 641 679 595 The following is a schedule of future minimum payments by year under leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands): 2017 Legal Proceedings ViaSat Operating Leases $ 292 Under the terms of the purchase agreement, Loral agreed to indemnify MDa and its affiliates from certain damages in the viasat suit brought in 2012 by viasat against Loral and ssL. in september 2014, Loral, ssL and viasat entered into a settlement agreement (“the settlement agreement”) pursuant to which the viasat suit and an additional patent infringement and breach of contract lawsuit brought by viasat against ssL in september 2013 were settled. Loral was also released by MDa, MDa holdings and ssL from indemnification claims relating to the viasat lawsuits under the purchase agreement. F- 30 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The terms of the settlement agreement provided, among other things, for payment by Loral and ssL to viasat on a joint and several basis of $100 million, $40 million of which was paid in september 2014 in connection with entering into the settlement agreement, with the remaining $60 million payable with interest in ten equal quarterly installments of $6.9 million from october 15, 2014 through January 15, 2017. Following a mediation session held on December 1, 2014, Loral and MDa entered into an agreement titled “MDa/Loral Dispute resolution” dated December 1, 2014 (the “allocation agreement”), pursuant to which Loral and MDa agreed that Loral was responsible for $45 million, and MDa and ssL were responsible for $55 million, of the $100 million litigation settlement with viasat. as of December 31 , 2016, Loral has paid $43.3 million, including interest, toward the viasat settlement. pursuant to the allocation agreement, Loral paid viasat the final installment of $2.8 million in January 2017. our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 includes indemnification liabilities related to the viasat settlement agreement of $2.8 million and $13.5 million, respectively. Other Litigation We are not currently subject to any legal proceedings that, if decided adversely, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. in the future, however, we may become subject to legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, that may arise in the ordinary course of business or otherwise. 15. Related Party Transactions MHR Fund Management LLC Mark h. rachesky, president of Mhr Fund Management LLC (“Mhr”), and Janet T. Yeung, a principal and the general Counsel of Mhr, are members of Loral’s board of directors. hal goldstein, a former managing principal of Mhr, was a member of the Loral Board until May 2015. various funds affiliated with Mhr and Dr. rachesky held, as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, approximately 39.9% and 38.0%, respectively, of the outstanding voting common stock and 58.4% and 57.1% respectively, of the combined outstanding voting and non-voting common stock of Loral. Transactions with Affiliates Telesat as described in note 6, we own 62.7% of Telesat and account for our ownership interest under the equity method of accounting. in connection with the acquisition of our ownership interest in Telesat (which we refer to as the Telesat transaction), Loral and certain of its subsidiaries, our Canadian co-owner, public sector pension investment Board (“psp”) and one of its subsidiaries, Telesat Canada and Mhr entered into a shareholders agreement (the “shareholders agreement”). The shareholders agreement provides for, among other things, the manner in which the affairs of Telesat and its subsidiaries will be conducted and the relationships among the parties thereto and future shareholders of Telesat. The shareholders agreement also contains an agreement by Loral not to engage in a competing satellite communications business and agreements by the parties to the shareholders agreement not to solicit employees of Telesat or any of its subsidiaries. additionally, the shareholders agreement details the matters requiring the approval of the shareholders of Telesat (including veto rights for Loral over certain extraordinary actions) and provides for preemptive rights for certain shareholders upon the issuance of certain capital shares of Telesat. The shareholders agreement also (i) restricts the ability of holders of certain shares of Telesat to transfer such shares unless certain conditions are met or approval of the transfer is granted by the directors of Telesat, (ii) provides for a right of first offer to certain Telesat shareholders if a holder of equity shares of Telesat wishes to sell any such shares to a third party and (iii) provides for, in certain circumstances, tag-along rights in favor of shareholders that are not affiliated with Loral if Loral sells equity shares and drag-along rights in favor of Loral in case Loral or its affiliate enters into an agreement to sell all of its Telesat equity securities. F- 31 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) in addition, the shareholders agreement provides for either psp or Loral to initiate the process of conducting an initial public offering of the equity shares of Telesat (a “Telesat ipo”). in connection with our exploration of strategic initiatives to alter the status quo in our ownership of Telesat, in July 2015, we exercised our right under the shareholders agreement to require Telesat to conduct a Telesat ipo. specifically, we requested that Telesat issue not more than 25 million newly issued shares of Telesat voting common stock. We also requested the termination of the shareholders agreement and the elimination of certain provisions in Telesat’s articles of incorporation, both of which we believe are important for a successful public offering. if those provisions are eliminated, an impediment to the conversion of our non-voting Telesat shares to voting shares would be eliminated. Termination or modification of the shareholders agreement and conversion of our non-voting shares to voting shares would enable us, after a Telesat ipo and subject to the receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals, to obtain majority voting control of Telesat. Telesat selected two co-managing underwriters and informed us that it will work to implement a Telesat ipo pending our agreement with psp on the post-ipo governance matters. To date, no such agreement has been reached. There can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms a Telesat ipo, termination or modification of the shareholders agreement or any requested changes to Telesat’s articles of incorporation may occur or that any particular economic, tax, structural or other objectives or benefits with respect to a Telesat ipo will be achieved. if a Telesat ipo is expected to proceed under unfavorable terms or at an unfavorable price, we may withdraw our demand for a Telesat ipo. Depending upon the outcome of discussions with psp relating to Telesat strategic matters, we may assert certain claims against psp for actions we believe violated our rights relating to the affairs of Telesat under the Telesat shareholders agreement and otherwise. in response to our claims, psp has informed us that it believes that it may have claims against us, although we are not aware of the legal or factual basis for any such claims. We and psp have agreed that, pending the outcome of our discussions, it would be beneficial to delay the commencement of any action relating to either party’s claims and have entered into an agreement (the “Tolling agreement”) which preserves the parties’ rights to assert against one another legal claims relating to Telesat. We also included Telesat as a party to the Tolling agreement because, as a technical matter of Canadian law and for purposes of potentially seeking equitable relief, Telesat may be a necessary party. There can be no assurance that if the Tolling agreement lapses that we and psp will not pursue legal claims against one another relating to Telesat. if we pursue claims against psp, there can be no assurance that our claims will be successful or that the relief we seek will be granted. if psp pursues claims against us, there can be no assurance that psp will not prevail on its claims. Under the shareholders agreement, in the event that, except in certain limited circumstances, either (i) ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by Dr. rachesky of Loral’s voting stock falls below certain levels other than in connection with certain specified circumstances, including an acquisition by a strategic Competitor (as defined in the shareholders agreement) or (ii) there is a change in the composition of a majority of the members of the Loral Board of Directors over a consecutive two-year period without the approval of the incumbent directors, Loral will lose its veto rights relating to certain extraordinary actions by Telesat and its subsidiaries. in addition, after either of these events, psp will have certain rights to enable it to exit from its investment in Telesat, including a right to cause Telesat to conduct an initial public offering in which psp’s shares would be the first shares offered or, if no such offering has occurred within one year due to a lack of cooperation from Loral or Telesat, to cause the sale of Telesat and to drag along the other shareholders in such sale, subject to Loral’s right to call psp’s shares at fair market value. The shareholders agreement provides for a board of directors of each of Telesat and certain of its subsidiaries, including Telesat, consisting of 10 directors, three nominated by Loral, three nominated by psp and four independent directors to be selected by a nominating committee comprised of one psp nominee, one nominee of Loral and one of the independent directors then in office. Each party to the shareholders agreement is obligated to vote all of its Telesat shares for the election of the directors nominated by the nominating committee. pursuant to action by the board of directors taken on october 31, 2007, Dr. rachesky, who is non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Loral, was appointed non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Telesat. in addition, Michael B. Targoff, Loral’s vice Chairman, serves on the board of directors of Telesat. on october 31, 2007, Loral and Telesat entered into a consulting services agreement (the “Consulting agreement”). pursuant to the terms of the Consulting agreement, Loral provides to Telesat certain non-exclusive consulting services in relation to the business of Loral skynet which was transferred to Telesat as part of the Telesat transaction as well as with respect to certain aspects of the satellite communications business of Telesat. The Consulting agreement has a term of seven-years with an automatic renewal for an additional seven-year term if Loral is not then in material default under the shareholders agreement. Upon expiration of the initial term on october 31, 2014, the Consulting agreement was automatically renewed for the additional seven-year term. in exchange for Loral’s services under the Consulting agreement, Telesat pays Loral an annual fee of $5.0 million, payable quarterly in arrears on the last day of March, June, september and December of each year during the term of the Consulting agreement. our general and administrative expenses for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, are net of income of $5.0 million related to the Consulting agreement. Loral received payments in cash from Telesat, net of withholding taxes, of $4.8 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. F- 32 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The Telesat indemnification (as defined in note 6 above) includes certain tax disputes currently under review in various jurisdictions including Brazil. The Brazilian tax authorities challenged Loral skynet’s historical characterization of its revenue generated in Brazil for the years 2003 to 2006. Telesat received and challenged, on Loral skynet’s behalf, tax assessments from Brazil totaling approximately $2.3 million. The Company believes that Loral skynet’s filing position will ultimately be sustained requiring no payment under the Telesat indemnification. after having made tax deposits of $6.5 million in 2006 and 2007, Loral and Telesat settled several of the Telesat indemnification tax disputes for approximately $1.1 million resulting in a net cash recovery of $5.4 million which was received from Telesat in april 2014. There can be no assurance that there will be no future claims under the Telesat indemnification related to tax disputes. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Loral’s employees and retirees participated in certain welfare plans sponsored by Telesat. Loral paid Telesat an annual administrative fee of $0.1 million and reimbursed Telesat for the plan costs attributable to Loral participants. Loral, along with Telesat, psp and 4440480 Canada inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Loral (the “special purchaser”), entered into grant agreements (the “grant agreements”) with certain executives of Telesat (each, a “participant” and collectively, the “participants”). Each of the participants is or was, at the time, an executive of Telesat. The grant agreements confirm grants of Telesat stock options (including tandem sar rights) to the participants and provide for certain rights, obligations and restrictions related to such stock options, which include, among other things: (w) the possible obligation of the special purchaser to purchase the shares in the place of Telesat should Telesat be prohibited by applicable law or under the terms of any credit agreement applicable to Telesat from purchasing such shares, or otherwise default on such purchase obligation, pursuant to the terms of the grant agreements; and (x) the obligation of the special purchaser to purchase shares upon exercise by Telesat of its call right under Telesat's Management stock incentive plan in the event of a participant’s termination of employment; and, in the case of certain executives, (y) the right of each such participant to require the special purchaser or Loral to purchase a portion of the shares in Telesat owned by him in the event of exercise after termination of employment to cover taxes that are greater than the minimum withholding amount; and (z) the right of each such participant to require Telesat to cause the special purchaser or Loral to purchase a portion of the shares in Telesat owned by him, or that are issuable to him under Telesat's Management stock incentive plan at the relevant time, in the event that more than 90% of Loral's common stock is acquired by an unaffiliated third party that does not also purchase all of psp's and its affiliates' interest in Telesat. The grant agreements further provide that, in the event the special purchaser is required to purchase shares, such shares, together with the obligation to pay for such shares, shall be transferred to a subsidiary of the special purchaser, which subsidiary shall be wound up into Telesat, with Telesat agreeing to the acquisition of such subsidiary by Telesat from the special purchaser for nominal consideration and with the purchase price for the shares being paid by Telesat within ten (10) business days after completion of the winding-up of such subsidiary into Telesat. in the first quarter of 2017, Loral received a $242.7 million cash distribution from Telesat. ViaSat/Telesat in connection with an agreement entered into between ssL and viasat for the construction by ssL for viasat of a high capacity broadband satellite called viasat-1, on January 11, 2008, we entered into certain agreements, pursuant to which we invested in the Canadian coverage portion of the viasat-1 satellite. Until his resignation in February 2012, Michael B. Targoff served, and another Loral director currently serves, as a member of the viasat Board of Directors. on april 11, 2011, Loral assigned to Telesat and Telesat assumed from Loral all of Loral’s rights and obligations with respect to the viasat-1 satellite payload providing coverage into Canada and all related agreements. Loral also assigned to Telesat and Telesat assumed Loral’s 15-year contract with Xplornet Communications, inc. (“Xplornet”) (formerly known as Barrett Xplore inc.) for delivery of high throughput satellite Ka-band capacity and gateway services for broadband services in Canada. in connection with the assignments, Loral was entitled to receive one-half of any net revenue earned by Telesat in connection with the leasing of certain supplemental capacity on the payload to its customers during the first four years after the commencement of service using the supplemental capacity. Under this arrangement, which expired in December 2015, we earned approximately $0.8 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We had a receivable from Telesat of nil and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to this arrangement. F- 33 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) Other as described in note 6, we own 56% of XTar, a joint venture between Loral and hisdesat and account for our investment in XTar under the equity method of accounting. ssL constructed XTar’s satellite, which was successfully launched in February 2005. XTar and Loral have entered into a management agreement whereby Loral provides general and specific services of a technical, financial and administrative nature to XTar. For the services provided by Loral, XTar, until December 31, 2013, was charged a quarterly management fee equal to 3.7% of XTar’s quarterly gross revenues. amounts due to Loral primarily due to the management agreement were $6.8 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. Beginning in 2008, Loral and XTar agreed to defer amounts owed to Loral under this agreement, and XTar has agreed that its excess cash balance (as defined), will be applied at least quarterly towards repayment of receivables owed to Loral, as well as to hisdesat and Telesat. no cash was received under this agreement for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and we had an allowance of $6.6 million against these receivables as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. Loral and hisdesat have agreed to waive future management fees for an indefinite period starting January 1, 2014. Consulting Agreement on December 14, 2012, Loral entered into a consulting agreement with Michael B. Targoff, vice Chairman of the Company and former Chief Executive officer and president. pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Targoff is engaged as a part-time consultant to the Board to assist the Board with respect to the oversight of strategic matters relating to Telesat and XTar. During 2014, Mr. Targoff also assisted the Board with respect to the viasat suit. Under the agreement, Mr. Targoff receives consulting fees of $120,000 per month and reimburses the Company for certain expenses. For each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, Mr. Targoff earned $1,440,000 and reimbursed Loral net expenses of $63,000, and for the year ended December 31, 2014, he earned $1,440,000 and reimbursed Loral net expenses of $204,000. F- 34 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 16. Selected Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts) Year ended December 31, 2016 (1) operating loss Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net (loss) March 31, $ (1,517) $ June 30, September 30, December 31, (1,674) $ (1,709) $ (1,826) Quarter Ended income of affiliates Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates (2) income (loss) from continuing operations (3) Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net income (loss) net income (loss) per share: Basic income (loss) from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net income (loss) Diluted income (loss) from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net income (loss) Year ended December 31, 2015 (1) operating loss Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net (loss) income of affiliates Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates (2) (Loss) income from continuing operations (3) Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net (loss) income net (loss) income per share: Basic (Loss) income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net (loss) income Diluted (Loss) income from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax net (loss) income (2,000) 46,494 30,819 (133) 30,686 1.00 $ — 1.00 $ 0.95 $ — 0.95 $ (2,223) 43,357 32,654 (102) 32,552 1.06 $ — 1.06 $ 1.03 $ — 1.03 $ (1,858) 6,948 (3,821) (71) (3,892) (0.12) $ — (0.12) $ (0.12) $ — (0.12) $ (1,920) (12,721) (12,082) (64) (12,146) (0.39) — (0.39) (0.39) — (0.39) $ $ $ $ March 31, $ (1,617) $ June 30, September 30, December 31, (2,080) $ (1,652) $ (1,181) Quarter Ended (1,904) (76,845) (82,503) (139) (82,642) (2.67) $ — (2.67) $ (2.67) $ — (2.67) $ (4,781) 25,087 18,027 (227) 17,800 0.58 $ (0.01) 0.57 $ 0.56 $ (0.01) 0.55 $ (1,806) (38,475) (3,347) (208) (3,555) (0.11) $ (0.01) (0.12) $ (0.11) $ (0.01) (0.12) $ (1,697) (14,559) (1,681) (204) (1,885) (0.05) (0.01) (0.06) (0.05) (0.01) (0.06) $ $ $ $ (1) The quarterly earnings per share information is computed separately for each period. Therefore, the sum of such quarterly per share amounts may differ from the total for the year. F- 35 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) (2) amounts include equity in net income (loss) of affiliates of $5.1 million and $(3.5) million for the quarters ended June 30, 2016, and september 30, 2015, respectively, that should have been recognized in prior periods. Equity in net income of affiliates for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 does not include a loss of $2.1 million that was recognized in the quarter ended June 30, 2016. These adjustments, which related to our investment in Telesat, consisted primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses. The Company has not revised previously reported amounts based on its belief that the effect of such adjustments is not material to the quarterly financial statements taken as a whole. (3) variations in income from continuing operations among quarters in 2016 and 2015 are primarily the result of (i) the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates between the Canadian dollar and the U.s. dollar on our equity in net income or loss of Telesat and (ii) the limitation on recording our portion of Telesat’s net income or loss due to the reduction of the carrying amount of our investment in Telesat to zero. Equity in net loss of affiliates for the quarters ended December 31, 2015 and september 30, 2015 included an impairment charge to reduce our investment in XTar to its fair value. F- 36 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS For the Year Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (In thousands) sChEDULE ii Additions Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Charged to Other Accounts (1) Balance at End of Period $ $ $ $ $ $ 6,692 $ 7,228 $ 6,692 $ 7,905 $ 6,692 $ 8,212 $ — $ 624 $ — $ 307 $ — $ (4,565) $ — $ 53 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 6,692 7,905 6,692 8,212 6,692 3,647 Description Year ended 2014 allowance for affiliate receivables Deferred tax valuation allowance Year ended 2015 allowance for affiliate receivables Deferred tax valuation allowance Year ended 2016 allowance for affiliate receivables Deferred tax valuation allowance (1) Changes in the deferred tax valuation allowance which have been charged to other accounts have been recorded in other comprehensive loss. F- 37 To the Board of Directors and shareholders of Telesat holdings inc. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Telesat holdings inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the public Company accounting oversight Board (United states) and Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. accordingly, we express no such opinion. an audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. an audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. in our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Telesat holdings inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with international Financial reporting standards as issued by the international accounting standards Board. /s/ Deloitte LLp Chartered professional accountants Licensed public accountants March 1, 2017 Toronto, Canada F- 38 Telesat Holdings Inc. Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) For the years ended December 31 (in thousands of Canadian dollars) revenue operating expenses Depreciation amortization other operating losses, net operating income interest expense Loss on refinancing interest and other income gain on changes in fair value of financial instruments gain (loss) on foreign exchange income (loss) before tax Tax expense Net income (loss) Notes 2016 2015 2014 6 $ 7 8 9 24 10 $ 930,854 $ (174,923) 755,931 (224,773) (27,690) (2,565) 500,903 (198,815) (31,850) 6,078 7,877 92,613 376,806 (83,906) 292,900 $ 954,907 $ (184,279) 770,628 (207,835) (27,902) (30) 534,861 (183,297) — 4,661 6,035 (540,470) (178,210) (88,729) (266,939) $ 922,871 (187,789) 735,082 (216,496) (30,825) (304) 487,457 (206,933) — 3,056 48,931 (241,087) 91,424 (78,220) 13,204 see accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F- 39 Telesat Holdings Inc. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the years ended December 31 (in thousands of Canadian dollars) net income (loss) other comprehensive income (loss) items that may be reclassified into profit or loss Foreign currency translation adjustments items that will not be reclassified into profit or loss actuarial gains (losses) on employee benefit plans Tax (expense) recovery other comprehensive income (loss) Total comprehensive income (loss) Notes 2016 2015 2014 $ 292,900 $ (266,939) $ 13,204 (1,765) 44,740 3,793 29 $ 5,100 (1,424) 1,911 294,811 $ 5,225 (1,425) 48,540 (218,399) $ (23,346) 5,777 (13,776) (572) see accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F- 40 (in thousands of Canadian dollars) Balance as at January 1, 2014 net income Dividends declared on preferred shares issuance of share capital other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax recovery of $5,777 share-based compensation Balance as at December 31, 2014 Balance as at January 1, 2015 net loss Dividends declared on preferred shares other comprehensive income, net of tax expense of $1,425 share-based compensation Balance as at December 31, 2015 Balance as at January 1, 2016 net income Dividends declared on preferred shares repurchase of stock options issuance of share capital other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax expense of $1,424 share-based compensation Balance as at December 31, 2016 Telesat Holdings Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity Notes Common shares Preferred shares Total share capital Accumulated earnings Equity-settled employee benefits reserve Foreign currency translation reserve Total reserves $ 340,602 $ — 316,058 $ — 656,660 $ — 456,013 $ 13,204 17,253 $ — (8,023) $ — 9,230 $ — Total shareholders' equity 1,121,903 13,204 25 25 — — — 214 — 214 (20) — — — — — — — (20) 214 — — 340,602 $ 340,602 $ — — — 316,272 $ 316,272 $ — — — 656,874 $ 656,874 $ — (17,569) — 451,628 $ 451,628 $ (266,939) $ $ — 9,643 26,896 $ 26,896 $ — 3,793 — (4,230) $ (4,230) $ — 3,793 9,643 22,666 $ 22,666 $ — (13,776) 9,643 1,131,168 1,131,168 (266,939) 25 — — — (10) — — — (10) — — 340,602 $ 340,602 $ — — — 316,272 $ 316,272 $ — — — 656,874 $ 656,874 $ — — — — — — 1,861 — — 1,861 — — 340,602 $ — — 318,133 $ — — 658,735 $ $ $ 25 28 25 $ 3,800 — 188,479 $ 188,479 $ 292,900 (10) (15,913) (1,269) 3,676 — 467,863 $ — 5,369 32,265 $ 32,265 $ — — (8,745) (592) — 5,770 28,698 $ 44,740 — 40,510 $ 40,510 $ — — — — 44,740 5,369 72,775 $ 72,775 $ — — (8,745) (592) 48,540 5,369 918,128 918,128 292,900 (10) (24,658) — (1,765) — 38,745 $ (1,765) 5,770 67,443 $ 1,911 5,770 1,194,041 see accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F- 41 (in thousands of Canadian dollars) Assets Cash and cash equivalents Trade and other receivables other current financial assets prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets satellites, property and other equipment Deferred tax assets other long-term financial assets other long-term assets intangible assets goodwill Total assets Liabilities Trade and other payables other current financial liabilities other current liabilities Current indebtedness Total current liabilities Long-term indebtedness Deferred tax liabilities other long-term financial liabilities other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Shareholders' Equity share capital accumulated earnings reserves Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity Telesat Holdings Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets Notes December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 30 $ 11 12 13 6, 16 10 6, 14 6, 15 6, 17 18 $ 19 $ 20 21 24 24 10 22 23 25 $ 782,406 $ 55,639 2,548 61,107 901,700 1,915,411 2,844 35,687 3,815 832,512 2,446,603 6,138,572 $ 44,107 $ 58,992 80,448 21,931 205,478 3,829,707 471,233 81,252 356,861 4,944,531 658,735 467,863 67,443 1,194,041 6,138,572 $ 690,726 50,781 1,186 17,100 759,793 1,925,265 7,791 40,362 13,438 811,397 2,446,603 6,004,649 44,166 36,425 80,637 87,386 248,614 3,975,835 467,971 94,190 299,911 5,086,521 656,874 188,479 72,775 918,128 6,004,649 see accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F- 42 Telesat Holdings Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the years ended December 31 (in thousands of Canadian dollars) Notes 2016 2015 2014 restated (note 3) Cash flows from operating activities net income (loss) adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows from operating activities $ 292,900 $ (266,939) $ 13,204 Depreciation amortization Tax expense interest expense interest income (gain) loss on foreign exchange gain on changes in fair value of financial instruments share-based compensation Loss on disposal of assets Loss on refinancing other income taxes paid, net of income taxes received interest paid, net of capitalized interest and interest received repurchase of stock options operating assets and liabilities Net cash from operating activities Cash flows used in investing activities satellite programs, including capitalized interest purchase of property and other equipment purchase of intangible assets proceeds from sale of assets Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows used in financing activities repayment of indebtedness proceeds from indebtedness payment of debt issue costs Capital lease payments satellite performance incentive payments settlement of derivatives proceeds from exercise of stock options Dividends paid on preferred shares Net cash used in financing activities Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 224,773 27,690 83,906 198,815 (6,700) (92,613) (7,877) 5,770 2,565 31,850 (36,966) (120,472) (152,261) (24,658) 100,637 527,359 (236,834) (6,977) (42,285) — (286,096) (4,008,356) 3,935,576 (58,141) (30) (8,934) 130 — (10) (139,765) (9,818) 91,680 690,726 782,406 $ 10 28 8 24 30 30 28 30 30 $ 207,835 27,902 88,729 183,297 (4,543) 540,470 (6,035) 5,369 30 — (40,164) (155,023) (161,914) — 3,348 422,362 (183,415) (10,445) (5) — (193,865) (73,864) — — — (6,702) — — (10) (80,576) 45,449 193,370 497,356 690,726 $ 216,496 30,825 78,220 206,933 (2,711) 241,087 (48,931) 9,655 304 — (50,657) (80,799) (192,897) — (8,707) 412,022 (84,591) (10,695) (185) 311 (95,160) (70,692) — — — (5,452) (60,824) 202 (20) (136,786) 18,567 198,643 298,713 497,356 see accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements F- 43 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 1. BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY Telesat holdings inc. (the “Company” or “Telesat”) is a Canadian corporation. Telesat is a leading global satellite operator providing reliable and secure satellite-delivered communication solutions worldwide to broadcast, telecom, corporate and government customers. The fleet today consists of 15 satellites and the Canadian payload on viasat-1 with two other geostationary satellites under construction. in addition, the Company has two prototype Ka-band satellites under construction to support the development of the planned global low earth orbit (“LEo”) constellation. Telesat also manages the operations of additional satellites for third parties. Telesat is headquartered in ottawa at 1601 Telesat Court, ontario, Canada, K1B 5p4, with offices and facilities around the world. Effective January 1, 2017, Telesat completed a corporate reorganization pursuant to which Telesat holdings inc. amalgamated with Telesat interco inc. and immediately thereafter the newly amalgamated company amalgamated with Telesat Canada. The continuing entity, existing under the laws of Canada, is named Telesat Canada. as at December 31, 2016, Loral space and Communications inc. (“Loral”) and Canada’s public sector pension investment Board (“psp investments”) indirectly held economic interests in Telesat of approximately 63% and 36%, respectively, with the remaining economic interest held by various individuals. Loral indirectly held a voting interest of 33% on all matters including the election of directors. psp investments indirectly held a voting interest of 67% on all matters except for the election of directors, and a 29% voting interest for the election of directors. The remaining voting interest of 38% for the election of directors is held by shareholders of the Company’s Director voting preferred shares. Unless the context states or requires otherwise, references herein to the “financial statements” or similar terms refer to the audited consolidated financial statements of Telesat holdings inc. on March 1, 2017, these financial statements were approved by the audit Committee of the Board of Directors and authorized for issue. 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION Statement of Compliance The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with international Financial reporting standards (“iFrs”) as issued by the international accounting standards Board (“iasB”). The accounting policies described in note 4 were consistently applied to all the years presented. Basis of Consolidation Subsidiaries These consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and subsidiaries controlled by the Company. Control is achieved when the Company has power over an entity, has exposure, or rights to variable returns from its involvement with an entity, and has the ability to use the power over an entity to affect the amount of its return. The most significant subsidiaries are listed in note 32. Joint arrangements a joint operation is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to their share of the assets and revenue, and obligations for the liabilities and expenses, relating to the arrangement. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the Company’s share of the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of its interest in joint operations. F- 44 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 3. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES IAS 1, Presentation of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in 2015, the Company changed its presentation of the loss on foreign exchange on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The total loss on foreign exchange has been included as an adjustment to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities and the realized portion of the loss on foreign exchange has been included in the respective component of cash flows from operating assets and liabilities and in the effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents. The change has resulted in the following reclassifications on the consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2014. net cash from operating activities Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents $ $ (177) 177 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments which were measured at their fair values, as explained in the accounting policies below. historical cost is based on the fair value of the consideration given or received in exchange for assets or liabilities. Segment Reporting The Company operates in a single industry segment, in which it provides satellite-based services to its broadcast, enterprise and consulting customers around the world. operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Company’s Chief operating Decision Maker, who is the Company’s Chief Executive officer. To be reported, a segment is usually based on quantitative thresholds but can also encompass qualitative factors management deems significant. Foreign Currency Translation Unless otherwise specified, all figures reported in the consolidated financial statements and associated note disclosures are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the functional and presentation currency of the Company. Each of the subsidiaries of the Company determines its own functional currency and uses that currency to measure items on their separate financial statements. For the Company’s non-foreign operations, foreign currency non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at their historical exchange rates, foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the year end exchange rates, and foreign denominated revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates of the month in which the transactions occurred. gains or losses on translation of these items are recognized as a component of net income (loss). Upon consolidation of the Company’s foreign operations that have a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar, assets and liabilities are translated at the year end exchange rate, and revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates of the month in which the transactions occurred. gains or losses on the translation of foreign subsidiaries are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Cash and Cash Equivalents all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, or which are available upon demand with no penalty for early redemption, are classified as cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash on hand, demand deposits, short-term investments and restricted cash expected to be used within the next twelve months. F- 45 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) Revenue Recognition Telesat recognizes revenue from satellite services when earned, as services are rendered or delivered to customers. revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. There must be clear evidence that an arrangement exists, the amount of revenue must be known or determinable and collectability must be reasonably assured. revenue from a contract to sell consulting services is recognized as follows: • • Consulting revenue for cost plus contracts is recognized after the work has been completed and accepted by the customer. The percentage of completion method is used for fixed price consulting revenue contracts. percentage of completion is measured by comparing actual cost incurred to total cost expected. Equipment sales revenue is recognized when the equipment is delivered to and accepted by the customer. only equipment sales are subject to warranty or return and there is no general right of return. historically, the Company has not incurred significant expenses for warranties. When a transaction involves more than one product or service, revenue is allocated to each deliverable based on its relative fair value; otherwise, revenue is recognized as products are delivered or as services are provided over the term of the customer contract. Transactions are evaluated to determine whether the Company is the principal and if the transactions should be recorded on a gross or net basis. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue represents the Company’s liability for the provision of future services and is classified on the balance sheet in other current and other long- term liabilities. Deferred revenue consists of remuneration received in advance of the provision of service and in the majority of instances is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the term of the related customer contracts. in the case of certain deferred revenue for short-term services, balances are recognized into income upon the completion or percentage completion of the related contract. Inventory inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value and consist of finished goods and work in process. Cost for substantially all network equipment inventories is determined on a weighted average cost basis. Cost for work in process and certain one-of-a-kind finished goods is determined using the specific identification method. Borrowing Costs Borrowing costs are incurred on the Company’s debt financing. Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition, production or construction of a qualifying asset are added to the cost of that asset. The Company has defined a qualifying asset as an asset that takes longer than twelve months to be ready for its intended use or sale. Capitalization of borrowing costs continues until such time that the asset is substantially ready for its intended use or sale. Borrowing costs are determined based on specific financing related to the asset or in the absence of specific financing, the borrowing costs are calculated on the basis of a capitalization rate which is equal to the Company’s weighted average cost of debt. all other borrowing costs are expensed when incurred. Satellites, Property and Other Equipment satellites, property and other equipment, which are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses, include the contractual cost of equipment, capitalized engineering costs, capitalized borrowing costs during the construction or production of qualifying assets, and with respect to satellites, the cost of launch services, and launch insurance. F- 46 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the respective estimated useful lives of the assets. Below are the estimated useful lives in years of satellites, property and other equipment as at December 31, 2016. satellites property and other equipment Years 12 to 15 3 to 30 Construction in progress is not depreciated as depreciation only commences when the asset is ready for its intended use. For satellites, depreciation commences on the day the satellite becomes available for service. The investment in each satellite will be removed from the accounts when the satellite is retired. When other property is retired from operations at the end of its useful life, the cost of the asset and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts. Earnings are credited with the amount of any net salvage value and charged with any net cost of removal. When an asset is sold prior to the end of its useful life, the gain or loss is recognized immediately in other operating losses, net. in the event of an unsuccessful launch or total in-orbit satellite failure, all unamortized costs that are not recoverable under launch or in-orbit insurance are recorded in other operating losses, net. Liabilities related to decommissioning and restoration of retiring property and other equipment are measured at fair value with a corresponding increase to the carrying amount of the related asset. The liability is accreted over the period of expected cash flows with a corresponding charge to interest expense. The liabilities recorded to date have not been significant and are reassessed at the end of each reporting period. There are no decommissioning or restoration obligations for satellites. Satellite Performance Incentive Payments satellite performance incentive payments are obligations payable to satellite manufacturers over the lives of certain satellites. The present value of the payments are capitalized as part of the cost of the satellite and recognized as part of the depreciation of the satellite. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Tangible fixed assets and finite life intangible assets are assessed for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset exceeds the recoverable amount. Tangible fixed assets and finite life intangible assets are also assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting period. an impairment test consists of assessing the recoverable amount of an asset, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. if it is not practicable to measure the recoverable amount for a particular asset, the Company determines the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit (“CgU”) with which it is associated. a CgU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The Company measures value in use on the basis of the estimated future cash flows to be generated by an asset or CgU. These future cash flows are based on the Company’s latest business plan information approved by senior management and are discounted using rates that best reflect the time value of money and the specific risks associated with the underlying asset or assets in the CgU. The fair value less costs of disposal is the price that would be received to sell an asset or CgU in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For the impairment assessment, the fair value is calculated on a recurring basis and is calculated using level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. F- 47 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) an impairment loss is the amount by which the carrying amount of an asset or CgU exceeds its recoverable amount. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a CgU) is increased to the revised measure of its recoverable amount, so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or CgU) in prior years. impairment losses and reversals of impairment losses are recognized in other operating losses, net. Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which establishes specific criteria for the recognition of intangible assets separately from goodwill. goodwill represents the excess between the total of the consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired. after initial recognition at cost, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. The Company distinguishes intangible assets between assets with finite and indefinite useful lives. intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are comprised of the Company’s trade name, intellectual property, and orbital slots. These assets are carried at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Finite life intangible assets, which are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses, consist of revenue backlog, customer relationships, customer contracts, concession rights, transponder rights and patents. intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method of amortization, except for revenue backlog which is based on the expected period of recognition of the related revenue. Below are the estimated useful lives in years of the finite life intangible assets as at December 31, 2016. revenue backlog Customer relationships Customer contracts Concession rights Transponder rights patents Years 12 to 17 6 to 21 5 to 15 1 to 15 17 18 Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite Life Intangible Assets an assessment for impairment of goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets is performed annually, or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets are likely to exceed their recoverable amount. goodwill is tested for impairment at the entity level as this represents the lowest level within the Company at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, and is not larger than an operating segment. indefinite life intangibles have not been allocated to any CgU and are tested for impairment at the asset level. goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are also assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting period. an impairment test consists of assessing the recoverable amount of an asset, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. For the impairment assessment, fair value is calculated on a recurring basis and is calculated using level 2 or level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, depending upon the valuation approach being utilized. F- 48 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) Orbital Slots in performing the orbital slot impairment analysis, the Company determines, for each orbital slot, its fair value less costs of disposal, and its value in use on an annual basis. The higher of these two amounts is determined to be the recoverable amount. To the extent that the recoverable amount is less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment exists and the asset is written down to its recoverable amount. The key assumptions used in estimating the recoverable amounts of the orbital slots include: i) the market penetration leading to revenue growth; ii) the profit margin; iii) the duration and profile of the build-up period; iv) the estimated start-up costs and losses incurred during the build-up period; and v) the discount rate. Fair value less costs of disposal is the price that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. in order to determine the fair value less costs of disposal, the Company uses either a market or income approach. Under a market approach, the Company measures what an independent third party would pay to purchase the orbital slot by looking to actual market transactions for similar assets. Under an income approach, the fair value is determined to be the sum of the projected discounted cash flows over a discrete period of time in addition to the terminal value. The value in use amount is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from the asset. The determination of this amount includes projections of cash inflows from the continuing use of the asset and cash outflows that are required to generate the associated cash inflows. These cash inflows are discounted at an appropriate discount rate. Goodwill in performing the goodwill impairment analysis, the Company assesses the recoverable amount of goodwill using the income approach as well as the market approach in the determination of the fair value of goodwill at the entity level. Under the income approach, the sum of the projected discounted cash flows for the next five years, or a longer period if justified by the most recent financial plan approved by management, in addition to a terminal value are used to determine the fair value at the entity level. in this model, significant assumptions used include: revenue, expenses, capital expenditures, working capital, costs of disposal, terminal growth rate and discount rate. Under the market approach, the fair value at the entity level is determined based on market multiples derived from comparable public companies. as part of this analysis, assumptions are made regarding the comparability of selected companies including revenue, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization multiples for valuation purposes, growth rates, size and overall profitability. Under both approaches, all assumptions used are based on management’s best estimates. The discount rates are consistent with external sources of information. Trade Name For the purposes of impairment testing, the fair value of the trade name is determined using an income approach, specifically the relief from royalties method. F- 49 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) The relief from royalties method is comprised of two major steps: i) a determination of the hypothetical royalty rate; and ii) the subsequent application of the royalty rate to projected revenue. in determining the hypothetical royalty rate in the relief from royalties method, the Company considered comparable license agreements, operating earnings benchmarks, an excess earnings analysis to determine aggregate intangible asset earnings, and other qualitative factors. The key assumptions used include the tax and discount rates. Intellectual Property in performing the intellectual property impairment analysis, the Company determines its fair value less costs of disposal on an annual basis. Fair value less costs of disposal is the price that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. in order to determine the fair value less costs of disposal, the Company uses a market approach. Under a market approach, the Company measures what an independent third party would pay to purchase the intellectual property. Financial Instruments The Company has used derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign exchange risk associated with debt denominated in foreign currencies, as well as to reduce its exposure to interest rate risk associated with debt. Currently, the Company does not designate any of its derivative financial instruments as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. all realized and unrealized gains and losses on these derivative financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated statement of income (loss) as part of gain on changes in fair value of financial instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities that are classified as held-for-trading (“hFT”) are measured at fair value. The unrealized gains and losses relating to hFT assets and liabilities are recorded in the consolidated statement of income (loss) in the gain on changes in fair value of financial instruments. Loans and receivables and other liabilities are recorded at amortized cost in accordance with the effective interest method. Derivatives, including embedded derivatives that must be separately accounted for, are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at inception and marked to market at each reporting period thereafter. Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments are treated as separate derivatives when their risk and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contract and the host contract is measured separately according to its characteristics. The Company accounts for embedded foreign currency derivatives and the related host contract as a single instrument where the contract requires payments denominated in the currency that is commonly used in contracts to procure non-financial items in the economic environment in which the Company transacts. Transaction costs for financial instruments classified as hFT are expensed as incurred. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial assets and financial liabilities (other than hFT) are added or deducted from the fair value of the financial asset and financial liability on initial recognition. Financing Costs The debt issuance costs related to the senior secured Credit Facility and the senior notes (and former senior secured credit facility and 6.0% senior notes) are included in current and long-term indebtedness and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method. all other debt issuance costs are accounted for as short-term and long-term deferred charges and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other long-term assets. The deferred charges are amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the indebtedness to which they relate. F- 50 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) Employee Benefit Plans Telesat maintains one contributory and three non-contributory defined benefit pension plans which provide benefits based on length of service and rate of pay. Two of these defined-benefit plans were closed to new members in 2013. Telesat is responsible for adequately funding the defined benefit pension plans. Contributions are made based on actuarial cost methods that are permitted by pension regulatory bodies and reflect assumptions about future investment returns, salary projections and future service benefits. Telesat also provides other post-employment and retirement benefits, including health care and life insurance benefits on retirement and various disability plans, worker’s compensation and medical benefits to former or inactive employees, their beneficiaries and covered dependents, after employment but before retirement, under certain circumstances. in addition, Telesat provides defined contribution pension plans, under certain circumstances, for employees who are not eligible for the defined benefit pension plans. Costs for defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an expense during the year in which the employees have rendered service entitling them to the Company’s contribution. The Company accrues the present value of its obligations under employee benefit plans and the related costs reduced by the fair value of plan assets. pension costs and other retirement benefits are determined using the projected unit credit method prorated on service and management’s best estimate of expected investment performance, salary escalation, retirement ages of employees and expected health care costs. pension plan assets are valued at fair value. The discount rate is based on the market interest rate of high quality bonds and is consistent with guidance described by the Canadian institute of actuaries in an Educational note dated september 2011 and as adjusted by the Update on the accounting Discount rate assumption for pension and post-employment Benefit plans published in november 2016 by the Canadian institute of actuaries. past service costs arising from plan amendments are recognized immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested, and otherwise are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining vesting period. a valuation is performed at least every three years to determine the present value of the accrued pension and other retirement benefits. remeasurements arising from defined benefit pension plans comprise actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest). Telesat recognizes them immediately in other comprehensive income (loss), which is included in accumulated earnings, in the year in which they occur. The current service costs and administration fees not related to asset management are included in operating expenses. The net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period is calculated by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the year to the net defined benefit liability (asset) at the beginning of the year while taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the year as a result of contributions and benefit payments. The net interest expense (income) is included in interest expense. The pension expense for 2016 was determined based on membership data as at December 31, 2014. The accrued benefit obligation as at December 31, 2016 was determined based on the membership data as at December 31, 2015, and extrapolated one year based on December 31, 2016 assumptions. For certain Canadian post-retirement benefits, the expense for 2016 was based on membership and eligibility data as at september 30, 2015. For certain american post- retirement benefits, the expense for 2016 was based on membership and eligibility data as at January 1, 2016. The accrued benefit obligation as at December 31, 2016 was determined based on membership data as at January 1, 2016, and extrapolated, based on December 31, 2016 assumptions. The most recent valuation of the pension plans for funding purposes was as of January 1, 2016. The next required valuation for the employee pension plan is as of January 1, 2017 while the pension plan for designated employees is due as of January 1, 2019. valuations will be performed for both pension plans as of January 1, 2017. F- 51 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) Telesat also provides health care and life insurance benefits for certain retired employees. These benefits are funded primarily on a pay-as-you-go basis, with the retiree paying a portion of the cost through contributions, deductibles and co-insurance provisions. Commencing in 2015, as a result of an amendment to one of the plans, Telesat has contributed to a health reimbursement account instead of providing the health care and life insurance benefits directly to certain retired employees. Share-Based Compensation Plan The Company offers an equity-settled share-based compensation plan for certain key employees under which it receives services from employees in exchange for equity instruments of the Company. The expense is based on the fair value of the awards granted using the Black-scholes option pricing model. The expense is recognized over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are satisfied, with a corresponding increase in equity. For awards with graded vesting, the fair value of each tranche is recognized over the respective vesting period. Income Taxes income tax expense, comprised of current and deferred income tax, is recognized in income except to the extent it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) or equity, in which case the income tax expense is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) or equity, respectively. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities, net of recoveries, based on the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the balance sheet date. Deferred taxes are the result of temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the deferred tax assets will be realized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each balance sheet date and recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax assets to be recovered. Deferred tax assets are netted against the deferred tax liabilities when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either: i) the same taxable entity; or ii) different taxable entities which intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences except when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which is not a business combination. For taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, a deferred tax liability is recognized unless the parent can control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. F- 52 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) Future Changes in Accounting Policies The iasB periodically issues new and amended accounting standards. The new and amended standards determined to be applicable to the Company are disclosed below. The remaining new and amended standards have been excluded as they are not applicable. Revenue iFrs 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“iFrs 15”) was issued by the iasB in May 2014, and will replace ias 18, Revenue , ias 11, Construction Contracts, and related interpretations on revenue. iFrs 15 sets out the requirements for recognizing revenue that apply to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of the standards on leases, insurance contracts and financial instruments. iFrs 15 uses a control based approach to recognize revenue which is a change from the risk and reward approach under the current revenue standard. Companies can elect to use either a full or modified retrospective approach when adopting this standard which is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of iFrs 15 on its consolidated financial statements. Financial instruments iFrs 9, Financial Instruments (“iFrs 9”) was issued by the iasB in July 2014, and will replace ias 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“ias 39”). iFrs 9 uses a single approach to determine whether a financial asset is measured at amortized cost or fair value, replacing multiple rules in ias 39. The approach in iFrs 9 is based on how an entity manages its financial instruments in the context of its business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets. impairments of financial assets are determined using a single impairment model that requires entities to recognize expected credit losses without requiring a triggering event to occur. Financial liabilities are measured using one of three measurement approaches (fair value through profit or loss (“FvTpL”), fair value through other comprehensive income (“FvToCi”), or amortized cost). Financial liabilities that are held-for-trading are measured at FvTpL, financial liabilities that are considered available for sale are measured at FvToCi unless the FvTpL option is elected, while all other financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost unless the fair value option is elected. The treatment of embedded derivatives under the new standard is consistent with ias 39. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of iFrs 9 on its consolidated financial statements. Leases iFrs 16, Leases (“iFrs 16”) was issued by the iasB in January 2016, and will replace ias 17, Leases and related interpretations on leases. iFrs 16 will require a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with a term of more than 12 months. The standard will also require that the depreciation of the lease assets be recorded separately from the interest on the lease liabilities in the statement of income. For lessors, iFrs 16 substantially carries forward the requirements of ias 17. iFrs 16 also aligns the definition of a lease with the control based approach in iFrs 15. Companies can elect to use either a retrospective approach with a restatement of comparative information or a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initial application shown in retained earnings instead of the restatement of the comparative information. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Earlier application of the standard is permitted if it is applied in conjunction with iFrs 15. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of iFrs 16 on its consolidated financial statements. Statement of cash flows in January 2016, an amendment was issued by the iasB to ias 7, Statement of Cash Flows . This amendment will require disclosure of the cause of the changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including changes arising from cash flows as well as non-cash changes. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements. F- 53 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (continued) Share-based payments in June 2016, amendments were issued by the iasB for iFrs 2, Share-based Payments . These amendments clarify the accounting treatment and disclosure requirements for certain types of share-based payment transactions, including cash settled share-based payment transactions, share-based payment transactions with a net settlement feature for withholding tax obligations, as well as modifications of share-based payment transactions from cash settled to equity settled. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on its consolidated financial statements. 5. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES Critical judgments in applying accounting policies The following are the critical judgments made in applying the Company’s accounting policies which have the most significant effect on the amounts reported in the financial statements: Revenue recognition The Company’s accounting policy relating to revenue recognition is described in note 4. The percentage of completion method is used for fixed price consulting revenue contracts and requires judgment by management to accurately determine costs incurred and costs required to complete contracts. Uncertain income tax positions The Company operates in numerous jurisdictions and is subject to country-specific tax laws. Management uses significant judgment when determining the worldwide provision for tax, and estimates provisions for uncertain tax positions as the amounts expected to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of all relevant factors. in the assessment, management considers risk with respect to tax matters under active discussion, audit, dispute or appeal with tax authorities, or which are otherwise considered to involve uncertainty. Management reviews the provisions as at each balance sheet date. Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease Management uses significant judgment in assessing whether each new arrangement contains a lease based on iFriC 4. The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains a lease, is based on the substance of the arrangement at inception date, and whether the fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset. if contracts contain a lease arrangement, the leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. all other leases are classified as operating leases. Critical accounting estimates and assumptions The Company makes accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the carrying value of assets and liabilities, reported net income (loss) and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience, current events and other relevant factors, therefore, actual results may differ and differences could be material. The accounting estimates and assumptions critical to the determination of the amounts reported in the financial statements were as follows: F- 54 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 5. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES – (continued) Derivative financial instruments measured at fair value Derivative financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value were $14.9 million and $14.7 million, respectively, as at December 31, 2016 (December 31, 2015 — $20.2 million and $11.4 million, respectively). Quoted market values are unavailable for the Company’s financial instruments and, in the absence of an active market, the Company determines fair value for financial instruments based on prevailing market rates (bid and ask prices, as appropriate) for instruments with similar characteristics and risk profiles or internal or external valuation models, such as option pricing models and discounted cash flow analysis, using observable market-based inputs. The determination of fair value is significantly impacted by the assumptions used for the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and discount rates. as a result, the fair value of financial assets and liabilities and the amount of gain on changes in fair value of financial instruments recorded to net income (loss) could vary. Impairment of goodwill goodwill represented $2,446.6 million of total assets as at December 31, 2016 and 2015. Determining whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation of the Company’s value which requires management to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from operations and to make assumptions regarding economic factors, tax rates and annual growth rates. actual operating results and the related cash flows of the Company could differ from the estimates used for the impairment analysis. Impairment of intangible assets intangible assets represented $832.5 million of total assets as at December 31, 2016 (December 31, 2015 — $811.4 million). impairment of intangible assets is tested annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment or reversal of a prior impairment loss exist. The impairment analysis requires the Company to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from operations and to make assumptions regarding economic factors, discount rates, tax rates and annual growth rates. significant judgments are made in establishing these assumptions. actual operating results and the related cash flows of the Company could differ from the estimates used for the impairment analysis. Employee benefits The cost of defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefits, and the present value of the pension obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. an actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions which may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates, future pension increases and return on plan assets. Due to the complexity of the valuation, the underlying assumptions, and its long-term nature, the defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. all assumptions are reviewed annually. Determination of useful life of satellites and finite life intangible assets The estimated useful life and depreciation method for satellites and finite life intangible assets are reviewed annually, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. any change in these estimates may have a significant impact on the amounts reported. Income taxes Management assesses the recoverability of deferred tax assets based upon an estimation of the Company’s projected taxable income using enacted or substantially enacted tax laws, and its ability to utilize future tax deductions before they expire. actual results could differ from expectations. 6. SEGMENT INFORMATION Telesat operates in a single reportable industry segment, in which it provides satellite-based services to its broadcast, enterprise and consulting customers around the world. The Company derives revenue from the following services: • Broadcast — Direct-to-home television, video distribution and contribution, and occasional use services. F- 55 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 6. SEGMENT INFORMATION – (continued) • • Enterprise — Telecommunication carrier and integrator, government, consumer broadband, resource, maritime and aeronautical, retail and satellite operator services. Consulting and other — Consulting services related to space and earth segments, government studies, satellite control services, and research and development. revenue derived from the above services were as follows: Years ended December 31, Broadcast Enterprise Consulting and other Revenue Geographic Information 2016 2015 2014 486,434 $ 420,138 24,282 930,854 $ 492,633 $ 434,555 27,719 954,907 $ 468,207 430,217 24,447 922,871 $ $ revenue by geographic regions was based on the point of origin of the revenue, which was the destination of the billing invoice, and was allocated as follows: Years ended December 31, Canada United states Latin america & Caribbean Europe, Middle East & africa asia & australia Revenue 2016 2015 2014 426,193 $ 319,473 83,244 64,624 37,320 930,854 $ 431,005 $ 322,679 88,794 84,877 27,552 954,907 $ 435,761 294,977 83,024 83,591 25,518 922,871 $ $ The Company’s satellites are in geosynchronous orbit. For disclosure purposes, the satellites, and the intangible assets have been classified based on ownership. satellites, property and other equipment, and intangible assets by geographic regions were allocated as follows with the comparative figures being restated to conform with the geographic regions disclosed in the current year: As at December 31, Canada Europe, Middle East & africa United states all others Satellites, property and other equipment As at December 31, Canada United states Latin america & Caribbean all others Intangible assets 2016 2015 1,152,337 $ 620,219 139,064 3,791 1,915,411 $ 1,310,943 448,699 162,269 3,354 1,925,265 2016 2015 744,150 $ 42,471 35,736 10,155 832,512 $ 755,380 44,315 674 11,028 811,397 $ $ $ $ F- 56 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 6. SEGMENT INFORMATION – (continued) other long-term financial assets and other long-term assets by geographic regions were allocated as follows with the comparative figures being restated to conform with the geographic regions disclosed in the current year: As at December 31, Canada Europe, Middle East & africa all others Other long-term financial assets As at December 31 Canada Europe, Middle East & africa all others Other long-term assets goodwill was not allocated to geographic regions. Major Customers 2016 2015 25,176 $ 8,764 1,747 35,687 $ 33,005 5,536 1,821 40,362 2016 2015 3,372 $ 443 — 3,815 $ 12,775 645 18 13,438 $ $ $ $ For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there were three significant customers each representing more than 10% of consolidated revenue. 7. OPERATING EXPENSES Years ended December 31, Compensation and employee benefits (a) other operating expenses (b) Cost of sales (c) Operating expenses 2016 2015 2014 $ $ 71,841 $ 39,359 63,723 174,923 $ 65,819 $ 41,947 76,513 184,279 $ 69,723 42,555 75,511 187,789 (a) Compensation and employee benefits included salaries, bonuses, commissions, post-employment benefits and charges arising from share-based compensation. (b) other operating expenses included general and administrative expenses, marketing expenses, in-orbit insurance expenses, professional fees and facility costs. (c) Cost of sales included the cost of third-party satellite capacity, the cost of equipment sales and other costs directly attributable to fulfilling the Company’s obligations under customer contracts. 8. OTHER OPERATING LOSSES, NET other operating losses, net were related to loss on disposal of assets for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. 9. INTEREST EXPENSE Years ended December 31, interest on indebtedness interest on derivative instruments interest on satellite performance incentive payments interest on employee benefit plans (note 29) Capitalized interest (note 16) Interest expense 2016 2015 2014 195,523 $ 2,303 5,548 1,733 (6,292) 198,815 $ 182,506 $ 3,721 4,362 1,976 (9,268) 183,297 $ 167,051 38,851 4,117 1,344 (4,430) 206,933 $ $ F- 57 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 10. INCOME TAXES Years ended December 31, Current tax expense Deferred tax expense (recovery) Tax expense 2016 2015 2014 $ $ 75,634 $ 8,272 83,906 $ 111,579 $ (22,850) 88,729 $ 103,388 (25,168) 78,220 a reconciliation of the statutory income tax rate, which is a composite of Canadian federal and provincial rates, to the effective income tax rate was as follows: Year ended December 31, income (loss) before tax Multiplied by the statutory income tax rates $ income tax recorded at rates different from the Canadian tax rate permanent differences Effect on deferred tax balances due to changes in income tax rates Effect of temporary differences not recognized as deferred tax assets previously unrecognized tax losses and credits reversal of tax reserve other Tax expense Effective income tax rate $ 2016 2015 2014 376,806 $ 26.61% 100,268 (6,410) 15,594 (140) (27,286) — — 1,880 83,906 $ 22.27% (178,210) $ 26.53% (47,279) 1,887 62,025 1,554 76,009 (4,392) — (1,075) 88,729 $ (49.79)% 91,424 26.52% 24,246 1,704 32,167 — 23,556 (2,425) (708) (320) 78,220 85.56% The tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for accounting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes are presented below: As at December 31, Deferred tax assets Foreign tax credits Minimum tax credits Financing charges Unrealized foreign exchange losses Loss carry forwards Employee benefits other Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Capital assets intangibles Finance charges Unrealized foreign exchange gains Deferred revenue Total deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax liabilities, net 2016 2015 $ $ $ $ $ 11,447 $ 1,462 9,349 — 23,873 10,084 250 56,465 $ (271,442) $ (238,908) (9,943) (2,327) (2,234) (524,854) $ (468,389) $ 9,933 1,185 5,540 23,709 19,130 11,710 771 71,978 (289,988) (237,942) (4,228) — — (532,158) (460,180) F- 58 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 10. INCOME TAXES – (continued) Deferred tax assets of $2.8 million (December 31, 2015 — $7.8 million) on the balance sheet relate to the Brazil and United Kingdom tax jurisdictions (December 31, 2015 — U.s. and United Kingdom tax jurisdictions). Losses and tax credits Foreign tax credit The Company has $12.3 million of foreign tax credits which may only be used to offset taxes payable. The deferred tax assets not recognized in respect of these credits was $0.8 million. These credits will begin to expire in 2017. Loss carry forwards The Company has generated net $788.9 million of Canadian capital losses during the year, mostly from the repayment of the U.s. dollar denominated indebtedness. of these losses, $153.5 million are being carried back to a prior year to be applied against capital gains. The remaining losses can be carried forward indefinitely, but represent unrecognized deductible temporary differences as it is not more likely than not that they will be realized. The Company has U.s. tax losses carried forward of $5.3 million which will expire between 2030 and 2035, and Brazil tax losses carried forward of $6.3 million. The Company also has tax losses in the United Kingdom of $110.5 million, principally related to accelerated asset depreciation, that can be carried forward indefinitely. Investments in subsidiaries as at December 31, 2016, the Company had temporary differences of $0.7 million associated with investments in subsidiaries for which no deferred tax liabilities have been recognized, as the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of these temporary differences and it is not probable that these differences will reverse in the foreseeable future. 11. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES As at December 31, Trade receivables Trade receivables due from related parties (note 33) Less: allowance for doubtful accounts net trade receivables other receivables other receivables due from related parties (note 33) Trade and other receivables Allowance for doubtful accounts The movement in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows: Years ended December 31, allowance for doubtful accounts, beginning of year provisions (reversals) for impaired receivables receivables written off impact of foreign exchange allowance for doubtful accounts, end of year F- 59 2016 2015 51,480 $ 77 (3,514) 48,043 7,847 (251) 55,639 $ 2016 2015 3,779 $ 201 (628) 162 3,514 $ 48,544 119 (3,779) 44,884 5,897 — 50,781 3,977 (13) (80) (105) 3,779 $ $ $ $ Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 12. OTHER CURRENT FINANCIAL ASSETS As at December 31, security deposits Other current financial assets 13. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS As at December 31, prepaid expenses (a) income tax recoverable inventory (b) Deferred charges (c) other Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2016 2015 2,548 $ 2,548 $ 1,186 1,186 2016 2015 4,534 $ 51,799 3,917 603 254 61,107 $ 10,536 188 5,933 301 142 17,100 $ $ $ $ (a) prepaid expenses were primarily comprised of prepaid satellite in-orbit insurance, prepaid interest on long-term indebtedness and prepaid license fees. (b) as at December 31, 2016, inventory consisted of $0.6 million of finished goods (December 31, 2015 — $4.7 million) and $3.3 million of work in process (December 31, 2015 — $1.2 million). During the year, $9.8 million was recognized as cost of equipment sales and recorded as an operating expense (December 31, 2015 — $13.1 million, December 31, 2014 — $15.5 million). (c) Deferred charges included deferred financing charges relating to the current and former revolving Credit Facilities. 14. OTHER LONG-TERM FINANCIAL ASSETS As at December 31, Long-term receivables security deposits Derivative assets (note 27) Other long-term financial assets 15. OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS As at December 31, prepaid expenses Deferred charges income tax recoverable other Other long-term assets 2016 2015 14,453 $ 6,303 14,931 35,687 $ 2016 2015 645 $ 1,512 1,356 302 3,815 $ 13,672 6,455 20,235 40,362 736 71 12,329 302 13,438 $ $ $ $ F- 60 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 16. SATELLITES, PROPERTY AND OTHER EQUIPMENT $ $ Cost as at January 1, 2015 additions Disposals/retirements reclassifications and transfers from assets under construction impact of foreign exchange Cost as at December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 additions Disposals/retirements reclassifications and transfers from assets under construction impact of foreign exchange Cost as at December 31, 2016 $ Accumulated depreciation and impairment as at January 1, 2015 $ Depreciation Disposals/retirements impact of foreign exchange Accumulated depreciation and impairment as at December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 $ Depreciation Disposals/retirements impact of foreign exchange Accumulated depreciation and impairment as at December 31, Property and other equipment Assets under construction Satellites 2,848,929 $ — — 315,863 48,789 3,213,581 $ — — — (10,478) 3,203,103 (1,247,121) $ (191,743) — (131) (1,438,995) $ (209,804) — (2,522) 223,170 $ 1,519 (2,170) 9,155 2,001 233,675 $ 1,736 (12,100) 6,130 (233) 229,208 (115,454) $ (16,092) 2,140 (1,647) (131,053) $ (14,969) 9,535 140 151,491 $ 227,885 — (325,018) (6,301) 48,057 $ 227,222 — (6,130) 1,619 270,768 — $ — — — — $ — — — Total 3,223,590 229,404 (2,170) — 44,489 3,495,313 228,958 (12,100) — (9,092) 3,703,079 (1,362,575) (207,835) 2,140 (1,778) (1,570,048) (224,773) 9,535 (2,382) 2016 Net carrying values As at December 31, 2015 As at December 31, 2016 $ (1,651,321) $ (136,347) $ — $ (1,787,668) $ $ 1,774,586 $ 1,551,782 $ 102,622 $ 92,861 $ 48,057 $ 270,768 $ 1,925,265 1,915,411 substantially all of the Company’s satellites, property and other equipment have been pledged as security as a requirement of the Company’s senior secured Credit Facilities as at December 31, 2016 (December 31, 2015 — pledged as security as a requirement of the Company’s former senior secured credit facilities) (note 24). Borrowing costs Borrowing costs of $6.3 million were capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2016 (December 31, 2015 — $9.3 million, December 31, 2014 — $4.4 million). The average capitalization rate was 5% (5% in 2015 and 6% in 2014), representing the Company’s weighted average cost of debt. Impairment no impairment was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. F- 61 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 16. SATELLITES, PROPERTY AND OTHER EQUIPMENT – (continued) Joint arrangements Telesat international Limited (“TiL”) and apT entered into agreements relating to the Telstar 18 vanTagE satellite currently under construction, which are accounted for as a joint operation, whereby TiL’s interest is 42.5%. Telesat (ioM) Limited (“TioM”) and viasat inc. entered into agreements relating to the viasat-1 satellite, which are accounted for as a joint operation, whereby TioM owns the Canadian payload on the viasat-1 satellite. 17. INTANGIBLE ASSETS The intangible assets are split between assets with finite and indefinite lives. The indefinite life intangible assets are summarized below. Orbital slots Trade name Intellectual property Cost as at January 1, 2015 additions Disposals/retirements impact of foreign exchange Cost as at December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 additions Disposals/retirements impact of foreign exchange Cost as at December 31, 2016 Accumulated impairment as at January 1, 2015 impairment Accumulated impairment as at December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 impairment Accumulated impairment as at December 31, 2016 Net carrying values As at December 31, 2015 As at December 31, 2016 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ F- 62 603,846 $ — — 6,765 610,611 $ — — (1,214) 609,397 $ (1,100) $ — (1,100) $ — (1,100) $ 17,000 $ — — — 17,000 $ — — — 17,000 $ — $ — — $ — — $ Total indefinite life intangibles 620,846 — — 6,765 627,611 13,161 — (1,214) 639,558 (1,100) — — $ — — — — $ 13,161 — — 13,161 $ — $ — — $ — — $ (1,100) — (1,100) 609,511 $ 608,297 $ 17,000 $ 17,000 $ — $ 13,161 $ 626,511 638,458 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 17. INTANGIBLE ASSETS – (continued) The finite life intangible assets are summarized below with the 2015 figures being restated to conform to the categories disclosed in the current year. $ $ $ $ Cost as at January 1, 2015 additions Disposals/retirements impact of foreign exchange Cost as at December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 additions Disposals/retirements impact of foreign exchange Cost as at December 31, 2016 Accumulated amortization and impairment as at January 1, 2015 amortization Disposals/retirements impact of foreign exchange Accumulated amortization and impairment as at December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 $ amortization Disposals/retirements impact of foreign exchange Accumulated amortization and impairment as at December 31, 2016 Net carrying values As at December 31, 2015 As at December 31, 2016 $ $ $ Revenue backlog Customer relationships Customer contracts Transponder rights Concession rights Other Total finite life intangibles 246,559 $ — (1,236) 666 245,989 $ — (9,974) (119) 235,896 $ 198,427 $ 1,285 (1,710) 805 198,807 $ — — (155) 198,652 $ (176,622) $ (14,303) 1,236 (657) (87,182) $ (11,636) 1,710 (314) (190,346) $ (10,647) 9,974 102 (97,422) $ (11,437) — 9 12,858 $ 10,284 — — 23,142 $ — — — 23,142 $ (2,739) $ (876) — — (3,615) $ (2,720) — — 16,718 $ — — — 16,718 $ — — — 16,718 $ (8,168) $ (925) — — (9,093) $ (924) — — 1,404 $ 5 — (255) 1,154 $ 31,479 — 5,942 38,575 $ (464) $ (159) — 143 (480) $ (1,959) — (400) 59 $ — — — 59 $ — — — 59 $ (24) $ (3) — — (27) $ (3) — — 476,025 11,574 (2,946) 1,216 485,869 31,479 (9,974) 5,668 513,042 (275,199) (27,902) 2,946 (828) (300,983) (27,690) 9,974 (289) (190,917) $ (108,850) $ (6,335) $ (10,017) $ (2,839) $ (30) $ (318,988) 55,643 $ 44,979 $ 101,385 $ 89,802 $ 19,527 $ 16,807 $ 7,625 $ 6,701 $ 674 $ 35,736 $ 32 $ 29 $ 184,886 194,054 The total combined indefinite and finite life intangible assets are summarized below. As at December 31, 2016 Accumulated amortization and impairment Cost Net carrying value Cost As at December 31, 2015 Accumulated amortization and impairment Net carrying value indefinite life intangibles Finite life intangibles Total intangibles $ $ 639,558 $ 513,042 1,152,600 $ (1,100) $ (318,988) (320,088) $ 638,458 $ 194,054 832,512 $ 627,611 $ 485,869 1,113,480 $ (1,100) $ (300,983) (302,083) $ 626,511 184,886 811,397 The orbital slots represent a right to operate satellites in a given longitudinal coordinate in space, where geostationary orbit may be achieved. They are limited in availability and represent a scarce resource. Usage of orbital slots is licensed through the international Telecommunications Union. satellite operators can generally expect, with a relatively high level of certainty, continued occupancy of an assigned orbital slot either during the operational life of an existing orbiting satellite or upon replacement by a new satellite once the operational life of the existing orbiting satellite is over. as a result of the expectancy right to maintain the once awarded orbital slots, an indefinite life is typically associated with orbital slots. F- 63 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 17. INTANGIBLE ASSETS – (continued) The Company’s trade name has a long and established history, a strong reputation and has been synonymous with quality and growth within the satellite industry. it has been assigned an indefinite life because of expected ongoing future use. The Company’s intellectual property relates to development relating to its planned LEo constellation. it has been assigned an indefinite life because of anticipated ongoing future use. The following are the remaining useful lives of the intangible assets: revenue backlog Customer relationships Customer contracts Transponder rights Concession rights patent Years 3 to 8 2 to 12 4 to 10 8 1 to 14 9 all of the Company’s intangible assets have been pledged as security as a requirement of the Company’s senior secured Credit Facilities as at December 31, 2016 (December 31, 2015 — pledged as security as a requirement of the Company’s former senior secured credit facilities) (note 24). Impairment Finite life intangible assets are assessed for impairment at the Company’s CgU level. indefinite life intangible assets are tested for impairment at the individual asset level. The annual impairment tests for these assets were performed in the fourth quarters of 2016, 2015 and 2014 in accordance with the policy described in note 4. no impairment loss was recognized in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The recoverable amount, for indefinite life intangible assets valued using the income approach, which is equal to the fair value less costs of disposal, was calculated using the following assumptions: Discount rate 2016 10.25% to 10.75% 2015 2014 10.0% 10.0% some of the more sensitive assumptions used, including the forecasted cash flows and the discount rate, could have yielded different estimates of the recoverable amount. actual operating results and the related cash flows of the Company could differ from the estimated operating results and related cash flows used in the impairment analysis, and had different estimates been used, it could have resulted in a different fair value. F- 64 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 18. GOODWILL The Company carries goodwill at its cost of $2,446.6 million with no accumulated impairment losses since acquisition. Impairment goodwill is tested for impairment at the entity level because that represents the lowest level at which goodwill supports the Company’s operations and is monitored internally. The annual impairment test on goodwill was performed in the fourth quarters of 2016, 2015, and 2014 in accordance with the policy described in note 4. The Company’s recoverable amount exceeded the carrying value therefore, no impairment was recognized. The most significant assumptions used in the impairment test were as follows: Discount rate Terminal year growth rate 2016 2015 2014 10.75% 2.0% 10.0% 2.5% 10.0% 3.0% some of the more sensitive assumptions used, including the forecasted cash flows and discount rate, could have yielded different estimates of the recoverable amount. actual operating results and the related cash flows of the Company could differ from the estimated operating results and related cash flows used in the impairment analysis, and had different estimates been used, it could have resulted in a different fair value. 19. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES As at December 31, Trade payables other payables and accrued liabilities (a) other payables and accrued liabilities due to related parties (note 33) Trade and other payables 2016 2015 2,502 $ 41,605 — 44,107 $ 2,821 40,816 529 44,166 $ $ (a) other payables and accrued liabilities included payables that are not trade in nature as well as various operating and capital accruals. 20. OTHER CURRENT FINANCIAL LIABILITIES As at December 31, Derivative liabilities (note 27) security deposits satellite performance incentive payments interest payable (a) Tax indemnification payable other Other current financial liabilities 2016 2015 761 $ 2,664 10,031 28,235 10,973 6,328 58,992 $ 6,510 2,880 11,011 11,084 — 4,940 36,425 $ $ (a) interest payable included interest payable on indebtedness, satellite performance incentive payments, and other current financial liabilities. F- 65 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 21. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES As at December 31, Deferred revenue Decommissioning liabilities (note 23) Uncertain tax positions income taxes payable other Other current liabilities 22. OTHER LONG-TERM FINANCIAL LIABILITIES As at December 31, Derivative liabilities (note 27) security deposits satellite performance incentive payments Tax indemnification payable other Other long-term financial liabilities 23. OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES As at December 31, Deferred revenue accrued benefit liabilities (note 29) Uncertain tax positions Decommissioning liabilities (a) other Other long-term liabilities 2016 2015 73,900 $ 114 1,315 2,135 2,984 80,448 $ 68,054 96 1,315 7,934 3,238 80,637 2016 2015 13,952 $ 472 65,954 — 874 81,252 $ 4,903 551 76,015 10,973 1,748 94,190 2016 2015 317,907 $ 36,718 175 1,669 392 356,861 $ 255,076 42,762 175 1,628 270 299,911 $ $ $ $ $ $ (a) The current and long-term decommissioning liabilities on property and equipment were $1.8 million (December 31, 2015 — $1.7 million). The decommissioning liabilities are for the restoration of leased buildings and teleports. During the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, $0.1 million was recorded as interest expense with no decommissioning liabilities derecognized. it is expected that the decommissioning liabilities will come to maturity between 2017 and 2062. F- 66 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 24. INDEBTEDNESS As at December 31, Former senior secured credit facilities (a) revolving Credit Facility Term Loan a Term Loan B – Canadian Facility Term Loan B – U.s. Facility (December 31, 2015 – UsD$1,697,742) senior secured Credit Facilities (a) revolving Credit Facility Term Loan B – U.s. Facility (December 31, 2016 – UsD$2,423,925) 6.0% senior notes (December 31, 2015 – UsD$900,000) (b) 8.875% senior notes (December 31, 2016 – UsD$500,000) (c) Less: deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment options and premiums (d) Less: current indebtedness Long-term indebtedness 2016 2015 — $ — — — — 3,257,998 — 672,050 3,930,048 (78,410) 3,851,638 (21,931) 3,829,707 $ — 375,000 136,150 2,349,505 — — 1,245,510 — 4,106,165 (42,944) 4,063,221 (87,386) 3,975,835 $ $ on november 17, 2016, Telesat Canada entered into a new amended and restated Credit agreement with a syndicate of banks which provides for the extension of credit under the senior secured Credit Facilities of UsD$2,430.0 million and revolving credit borrowings of up to UsD$200.0 million (or Canadian dollar equivalent). all obligations under the Credit agreement are guaranteed by the Company and certain of Telesat Canada’s existing subsidiaries (“guarantors”). The obligations under the Credit agreement and the guarantees of those obligations are secured, subject to certain exceptions, by first priority liens and security interest in the assets of Telesat Canada and the guarantors. if the revolving Credit Facility is drawn, the Credit agreement requires Telesat Canada to comply with a first lien net leverage ratio of 5.75:1.00, tested quarterly, and failure to comply will result in an event of default. The Credit agreement contains total leverage ratio covenants that restrict, with certain exceptions, the ability of Telesat Canada and the guarantors to take specified actions, including, among other things and subject to certain significant exceptions: creating liens, incurring indebtedness, making investments, engaging in mergers, selling property, paying dividends, entering into sale-leaseback transactions, creating subsidiaries, repaying subordinated debt or amending organizational documents. The maximum total leverage ratio is 4.50:1.00. on november 17, 2016, Telesat Canada issued, through a private placement, UsD$500 million of 8.875% senior notes which mature on november 17, 2024. The 8.875% senior notes are subordinated to Telesat Canada’s existing and future secured indebtedness, including obligations under its senior secured Credit Facilities, and are governed under the 8.875% senior notes indenture. With the net proceeds from the 8.875% senior notes offering and the senior secured Credit Facilities, along with available cash on hand, all outstanding amounts on the 6.0% senior notes and the former senior secured credit facilities were repaid on november 17, 2016. in addition, at this time, any unamortized balances of the deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums were written off resulting in a net loss on refinancing of $31.9 million. F- 67 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 24. INDEBTEDNESS – (continued) The former senior secured credit facilities had a required ratio of the debt incurrence test and maximum permitted debt test of the Consolidated Total secured Debt to EBiTDa (the “senior secured leverage ratio”) of 5.00:1.00 and 5.25:1.00 respectively. The permitted leverage ratio to first lien debt was 4.25:1.00. (a) The senior secured Credit Facilities are secured by substantially all of Telesat’s assets. The Credit agreement requires Telesat Canada and the guarantors to comply with a First Lien net Leverage ratio. as at December 31, 2016, Telesat was in compliance with this covenant. The former senior secured credit facilities required compliance with a maximum senior secured leverage ratio. as at December 31, 2015, Telesat was in compliance with this covenant. Each tranche of the senior secured Credit Facilities and the former senior secured credit facilities is subject to mandatory principal repayment requirements. in the initial years, this repayment generally is equal to one quarter of 1% of the initial aggregate principal amount and is payable on a quarterly basis. The senior secured Credit Facilities have several tranches which are described below: (i) a revolving Credit Facility (“revolving Facility”) of up to $200 million U.s. dollars is available to Telesat. This revolving Facility matures on november 17, 2021 and is available to be drawn at any time in U.s. funds or Canadian dollar equivalent funds. Loans under the revolving Facility bear interest at a floating rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.00% for prime rate and alternative Base rate (“aBr”) loans and ranging from 2.50% to 3.00% for Bankers acceptance (“Ba”) and Eurodollar loans. The rates on the revolving Facility vary depending upon the results of the first lien leverage ratio. The revolving Facility has an unused commitment fee of 40 basis points. as at December 31, 2016, other than $0.1 million in drawings related to letters of credit, there were no borrowings under this facility. (ii) The U.s. TLB Facility is a UsD$2,430 million facility maturing on november 17, 2023. The outstanding borrowings under the U.s. TLB Facility bear interest at a floating rate of LiBor, but not less than 0.75%, plus an applicable margin of 3.75%. The weighted average effective interest rate was 4.94% for the 44-day period ended December 31, 2016. on February 1, 2017, we amended the senior secured Credit Facilities in which the applicable margin was reduced to 3.00%. The former senior secured credit facilities, which was fully repaid on november 17, 2016, had several tranches which are described below: (i) The former revolving Facility was a borrowing facility of up to $140 million Canadian dollars (or U.s. dollars equivalent). The drawn loans bore interest at a floating rate plus an applicable margin of 2.00% for prime rate and aBr loans and 3.00% for Ba and Eurodollar loans. Undrawn amounts under the facility were subject to a commitment fee of 50 basis points. as at December 31, 2015, other than $0.1 million in drawings related to letters of credit, there were no borrowings under this facility. (ii) The Term Loan a Facility (“TLa Facility”) was initially a $500 million facility. Loans under this facility bore interest at a floating rate of the Ba plus an applicable margin of 3.00%. The weighted average effective interest rate was 4.36% for the year ended December 31, 2015. (iii) The former U.s. TLB Facility was initially a UsD$1,746 million facility. Borrowings under the U.s. TLB Facility bore interest at a floating rate of LiBor, but not less than 0.75%, plus an applicable margin of 2.75%. The weighted average effective interest rate was 4.26% for the year ended December 31, 2015. F- 68 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 24. INDEBTEDNESS – (continued) (iv) The Canadian TLB Facility was initially a $140 million facility. Borrowings under the Canadian TLB Facility bore interest at a floating rate of the Ba borrowing, but not less than 1.00%, plus an applicable margin of 3.25%. The weighted average effective interest rate was 5.18% for the year ended December 31, 2015. (b) The 6.0% senior notes bore interest at an annual rate of 6.0%. The total balance of the senior notes was UsD$900 million, with UsD$700 million issued in May 2012, and an additional UsD$200 million issued in october 2012. The weighted average effective interest rate was 5.99% for the year ended December 31, 2015. The senior notes were repaid in full to the indenture trustee on november 17, 2016. (c) The senior notes bear interest at an annual rate of 8.875% and are due november 17, 2024. The total balance of the senior notes is UsD$500 million. The senior notes include covenants or terms that restrict the Company’s ability to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, or issue disqualified stock or preferred shares, (ii) incur liens, (iii) pay dividends, or make certain restricted payments or investments, (iv) enter into certain transactions with affiliates, (v) modify or cancel satellite insurance, (vi) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of substantially all assets, (vii) create restrictions on the ability to pay dividends, make loans, and sell assets, and (viii) designate subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. The weighted average effective interest rate for the 44-day period ended December 31, 2016 was 8.80%. (d) The senior secured Credit Facilities and 8.875% senior notes included the following deferred financing costs, interest rate floor and prepayment option: (i) The U.s. TLB Facility and 8.875% senior notes were presented on the balance sheet net of related deferred financing costs of $61.8 million as at December 31, 2016. The deferred financing costs are amortized using the effective interest method. (ii) The indenture agreement for the 8.875% senior notes contained provisions for certain prepayment options (note 27) which were fair valued at the time of debt issuance. The initial fair value impact of the prepayment option related to the 8.875% senior notes was an $8.7 million increase to the indebtedness at their inception date. This liability is subsequently amortized using the effective interest method and had a carrying amount of $8.6 million as at December 31, 2016. (iii) The initial fair value impact, in november 2016, of the interest rate floor on the U.s. TLB Facility was a decrease to the indebtedness of $25.6 million. This asset is subsequently amortized using the effective interest method and had a carrying amount of $25.2 million as at December 31, 2016. The former senior secured credit facilities and 6.0% senior notes included the following deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums: (i) The TLa Facility, former U.s. TLB Facility, Canadian TLB Facility and 6% senior notes were presented on the balance sheet net of related deferred financing costs of $25.0 million as at December 31, 2015. any unamortized deferred financing costs as at november 17, 2016, were written off against loss on refinancing upon repayment of the indebtedness. (ii) The indenture agreement for the 6.0% senior notes contained provisions for certain prepayment options (note 27) which were fair valued at the time of debt issuance. The fair value of the prepayment option related to the 6.0% senior notes was allocated to the indebtedness at their inception date. The aggregate impact of the prepayment option related to the 6.0% senior notes issued on May 14, 2012 and october 29, 2012 was a $5.6 million increase to the indebtedness. This liability was subsequently amortized using the effective interest method and had a carrying amount of $1.8 million as at December 31, 2015. any unamortized prepayment option as at november 17, 2016, were written off against loss on refinancing upon repayment of the indebtedness. F- 69 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 24. INDEBTEDNESS – (continued) (iii) The initial fair value impact of the premiums on the 6.0% senior notes was an increase to the indebtedness of $7.0 million. This liability was subsequently amortized using the effective interest method and had a carrying amount of $2.3 million as at December 31, 2015. any unamortized premiums as at november 17, 2016, were written off against loss on refinancing upon repayment of the indebtedness. (iv) The initial fair value impact, in March 2012, of the interest rate floors on the former U.s. TLB Facility was a decrease to the indebtedness of $44.3 million. This asset was subsequently amortized using the effective interest method and had a carrying amount of $21.2 million as at December 31, 2015. any unamortized interest rate floors as at november 17, 2016, were written off against loss on refinancing upon repayment of the indebtedness. (v) The initial fair value impact, in March 2012, of the interest rate floors on the Canadian TLB Facility was a decrease to the indebtedness of $1.7 million. This asset was subsequently amortized using the effective interest method and had a carrying amount of $0.9 million as at December 31, 2015. any unamortized interest rate floors as at november 17, 2016, were written off against loss on refinancing upon repayment of the indebtedness. The short-term and long-term portions of deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums were as follows: As at December 31, short-term deferred financing costs Long-term deferred financing costs short-term interest rate floors Long-term interest rate floors short-term prepayment options Long-term prepayment options short-term premiums Long-term premiums Deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums 2016 2015 8,224 $ 53,570 61,794 $ 3,297 $ 21,900 25,197 $ (790) $ (7,791) (8,581) $ — $ — — $ 78,410 $ 9,609 15,370 24,979 6,479 15,591 22,070 (1,266) (516) (1,782) (1,649) (674) (2,323) 42,944 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ The outstanding principal balance of indebtedness, excluding deferred financing costs, interest rate floor and prepayment option will be repaid as follows (in millions of Canadian dollars): 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total $ 32.7 $ 32.7 $ 32.7 $ 32.7 $ 32.7 $ 3,766.5 $ 3,930.0 F- 70 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 25. SHARE CAPITAL The number of shares and stated value of the outstanding shares were as follows: As at December 31, Common shares voting participating preferred shares non-voting participating preferred shares Director voting preferred shares Share capital 2016 Number of shares 74,252,460 $ 7,034,444 38,384,823 1,000 $ Stated value 340,602 77,995 240,128 10 658,735 2015 Number of shares 74,252,460 $ 7,034,444 38,255,423 1,000 $ Stated value 340,602 77,995 238,267 10 656,874 in January 2014 and november 2016, 2015 and 2014, dividends were declared and paid on the Director voting preferred shares. in 2014, 18,266 stock options granted under the Company’s stock incentive plan were exercised for 18,266 non-voting participating preferred shares in exchange for $0.2 million. in 2016, a former employee exercised 178,642 stock options, on a net settlement basis, in exchange for 129,400 non-voting participating preferred shares with a stated value of $1.9 million. Effective January 25, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a special cash distribution to shareholders, as a reduction of stated capital, in the amount of approximately $387.2 million U.s. dollars. These distributions were made during the first quarter of 2017. There were no changes in the number of shares issued in any class of shares in 2015. There were no changes to the rights, privileges or conditions associated to each class of shares. The authorized share capital of the Company is comprised of: (i) an unlimited number of Common shares, voting participating preferred shares, non-voting participating preferred shares, redeemable Common shares, and redeemable non-voting participating preferred shares, (ii) 1,000 Director voting preferred shares, and (iii) 325,000 senior preferred shares. none of the redeemable Common shares, redeemable non-voting participating preferred shares or senior preferred shares have been issued as at December 31, 2016 or 2015. The Company’s share-based compensation plans have authorized the grant of up to 12,923,779 options to purchase non-voting participating preferred shares (note 28). Common Shares The holders of the Common shares are entitled to receive notice of and to attend all annual and special meetings of the shareholders of the Company and to one vote in respect of each common share held on all matters at all such meetings, except in respect of a class vote applicable only to the shares of any other class, in respect of which the common shareholders shall have no right to vote. The holders of the Common shares are entitled to receive dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors of the Company, and are entitled to share in the distribution of the assets of the Company upon liquidation, winding-up or dissolution, subject to the rights, privileges and conditions attaching to any other class of shares ranking in order of priority. The Common shares are convertible at the holders’ option, at any time, into voting participating preferred shares or non-voting participating preferred shares, on a one-for-one basis. The Common shares have no par value. Voting Participating Preferred Shares The rights, privileges and conditions of the voting participating preferred shares are identical in all respects to those of the Common shares, except for the following: F- 71 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 25. SHARE CAPITAL – (continued) • • • The holders of voting participating preferred shares are not entitled to vote at meetings of the shareholders of the Company on resolutions electing directors. For all other meetings of the shareholders of the Company, the holders of voting participating preferred shares are entitled to a variable number of votes per voting participating preferred share based on the number of voting participating preferred shares, non-voting participating preferred shares and redeemable non-voting participating preferred shares outstanding on the record date of the given meeting of the shareholders of the Company. The voting participating preferred shares are convertible, at any time, at the holders’ option into Common shares or non-voting participating preferred shares on a one-for-one basis as long as the result of such conversion does not cause the Company to cease to be a “qualified corporation” within the meaning of the Canadian Telecommunication Common Carrier ownership and Control regulations pursuant to the Telecommunications act (Canada). The voting participating preferred shares have no par value. Non-Voting Participating Preferred Shares The rights, privileges and conditions of the non-voting participating preferred shares are identical in all respects to those of the Common shares, except for the following: • • The holders of non-voting participating preferred shares are not entitled to vote on any matter at meetings of the shareholders of the Company, except in respect of a class vote applicable only to the non-voting participating preferred shares. The non-voting participating preferred shares are convertible, at any time, at the holders’ option into Common shares or voting participating preferred shares on a one-for-one basis as long as the result of such conversion does not cause the Company to cease to be a “qualified corporation” within the meaning of the Canadian Telecommunication Common Carrier ownership and Control regulations pursuant to the Telecommunications act (Canada). The non-voting participating preferred shares have no par value. Director Voting Preferred Shares The rights, privileges and conditions of the Director voting preferred shares are identical in all respects to those of the Common shares, except for the following: • • • The holders of Director voting preferred shares are entitled to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of the shareholders of the Company at which directors of the Company are to be elected. The holders of the Director voting preferred shares are not entitled to attend meetings of the shareholders of the Company and have no right to vote on any matter other than the election of directors of the Company. The holders of Director voting preferred shares are entitled to receive annual non-cumulative dividends of $10 per share if declared by the Board of Directors of the Company, in priority to the payment of dividends on the Common shares, voting participating preferred shares, non-voting participating preferred shares, redeemable Common shares, and redeemable non-voting participating preferred shares, but after payment of any accrued dividends on the senior preferred shares. in the event of liquidation, wind-up or dissolution, the holders of Director voting preferred shares are entitled to receive $10 per share in priority to the payment of dividends on the Common shares, voting participating preferred shares, non-voting participating preferred shares, redeemable Common shares, and redeemable non-voting participating preferred shares, but after payment of any accrued dividends on the senior preferred shares. F- 72 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 25. SHARE CAPITAL – (continued) • The Director voting preferred shares are redeemable at the option of the Company, at any time, at a redemption price of $10 per share. The Director voting preferred shares have a nominal stated value. 26. CAPITAL DISCLOSURES Telesat is a privately held company. The Company’s financial strategy is designed to maintain compliance with the financial covenant under its senior secured Credit Facilities and its former senior secured credit facilities (note 24), and to maximize returns to its shareholders and other stakeholders. The Company meets these objectives through regular monitoring of the financial covenant and operating results on a quarterly basis. The Company’s overall financial strategy remains unchanged from 2015. The Company defines its capital as shareholders’ equity (comprising issued share capital, accumulated earnings and excluding reserves) and debt financing (comprising indebtedness and excluding deferred financing costs, prepayment option, interest rate floors and premiums as detailed in note 24). The Company’s capital at the end of the year was as follows: As at December 31, shareholders’ equity (excluding reserves) Debt financing (excluding deferred financing costs, prepayment option, interest rate floors and premiums) 2016 1,126,598 $ 2015 845,353 3,930,048 $ 4,106,165 $ $ if the revolving Facility is drawn, the senior secured Credit Facilities require Telesat Canada to comply with a first lien net leverage ratio test. as at December 31, 2016, the first lien net leverage ratio was 4.05:1.00, which was less than the maximum test ratio of 5.75:1.00. The former senior secured credit facility required Telesat Canada and certain of Telesat’s existing subsidiaries (the “guarantors”) to comply with a senior secured leverage ratio covenant. The covenant was based on the ratio of Consolidated Total secured Debt to Consolidated Earnings Before interest, Taxes, Depreciation and amortization (“EBiTDa”) for covenant purposes. as at December 31, 2015, the senior secured leverage ratio was 3.70:1.00, which was less than the maximum test ratio of 5.25:1.00. The Company’s operating results are tracked against budget on a monthly basis, and this analysis is reviewed by senior management. The Company partly manages its interest rate risk due to variable interest rate debt through the use of interest rate swaps (note 27). 27. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Measurement of Risks The Company, through its financial assets and liabilities, is exposed to various risks. The following analysis provides a measurement of risks as at December 31, 2016. Credit risk Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial asset will default, resulting in the Company incurring a financial loss. as at December 31, 2016, the maximum exposure to credit risk is equal to the carrying value of the financial assets which totaled $876.3 million (December 31, 2015 — $783.1 million). F- 73 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 27. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – (continued) Cash and cash equivalents are invested with high quality investment grade financial institutions and are governed by the Company’s corporate investment policy, which aims to reduce credit risk by restricting investments to high-grade, mainly U.s. dollar and Canadian dollar denominated investments. The Company has credit evaluation, approval and monitoring processes intended to mitigate potential credit risks related to trade accounts receivable. The Company’s standard payment terms are 30 days with interest typically charged on balances remaining unpaid at the end of standard payment terms. The Company’s historical experience with customer defaults has been minimal. as at December 31, 2016, north american and international customers made up 38% and 62% of the outstanding trade receivable balance, respectively (December 31, 2015 — 47% and 53%, respectively). anticipated bad debt losses have been provided for in the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts as at December 31, 2016 was $3.5 million (December 31, 2015 — $3.8 million). The Company mitigates the credit risk associated with derivative instruments by entering into them with only high quality financial institutions. Foreign exchange risk The Company’s operating results are subject to fluctuations as a result of exchange rate variations to the extent that transactions are made in currencies other than Canadian dollars. The Company’s main currency exposures lie in its U.s. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables and indebtedness with the most significant impact being on the U.s. dollar denominated indebtedness. as at December 31, 2016, the entire indebtedness was denominated in U.s. dollars. The Canadian dollar equivalent of the U.s. dollar denominated indebtedness was $3,930.0 million (before netting of deferred financing costs, interest rate floor and prepayment option). as at December 31, 2015, $3,595.0 million of the $4,106.2 million of the total indebtedness was the Canadian dollar equivalent of the U.s. dollar denominated indebtedness (before netting of deferred financing costs, premiums, interest rate floors and prepayment option). in september 2014, the Company entered into a forward foreign exchange contract which required the Company to pay $1,036.7 million U.s. dollars to receive $1,141.6 million Canadian dollars. This forward foreign exchange contract was used to fix the exchange rate on the cross currency basis swaps on their maturity date. in 2014, a net loss of $17.8 million was recorded in gain on changes in fair value of financial instruments relating to the initial recognition and subsequent settlement of the forward foreign exchange contract. in July 2016, Telesat entered into four forward foreign exchange contracts which require the Company to pay $7.0 million Canadian dollars to receive 4.2 million British pounds sterling. one forward foreign exchange contract which required the Company to pay $2.5 million Canadian dollars to receive 1.5 million British pounds sterling matured in september 2016. The remaining contracts mature between January and February 2017. as at December 31, 2016, the fair value of the three remaining foreign forward exchange contracts was insignificant. as at December 31, 2016, the impact of a 5 percent increase (decrease) in the value of the Canadian dollar against the U.s. dollar on financial assets and liabilities would have increased (decreased) net income (loss) by $163.5 million (December 31, 2015 — $159.8 million) and increased (decreased) other comprehensive income (loss) by $nil (December 31, 2015 — $4.0 million). This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant. F- 74 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 27. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – (continued) Interest rate risk The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its cash and cash equivalents and its indebtedness. The interest rate risk on the indebtedness is from a portion of the indebtedness having a variable interest rate. Changes in the interest rates could impact the amount of interest that the Company is required to pay or receive. The Company has historically entered into interest rate swaps to hedge the interest rate risk associated with the variable interest rates on a portion of the long-term debt. as at December 31, 2016, the Company had no outstanding interest rate swaps. as at December 31, 2015, the Company had one interest rate swap to fix interest on $250.0 million of Canadian dollar debt and one interest rate swap to fix interest on $300.0 million of U.s. denominated. These contracts matured on June 30, 2016 and september 30, 2016, respectively. as at December 31, 2015, the fair value of these derivative contracts was a liability of $2.3 million. if the interest rates on the unhedged variable rate indebtedness change by 0.25%, excluding the potential impact of interest rate floors, the result would be an increase or decrease to net income (loss) of $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 (December 31, 2015 — $4.8 million). Liquidity risk The Company maintains credit facilities to ensure it has sufficient funds available to meet current and foreseeable financial requirements. The contractual maturities of financial liabilities as at December 31, 2016 were as follows: Trade and other payables Customer and other deposits satellite performance incentive $ Carrying amount 44,107 3,136 Contractual cash flows (undiscounted) 44,107 3,136 $ 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 $ 44,107 $ 2,664 — $ 219 — $ 18 — $ — Thereafter — — — $ 235 payments other financial liabilities indebtedness (1) 78,794 18,597 3,955,091 4,099,725 $ 104,463 18,883 5,413,274 5,583,863 $ 14,938 17,491 257,806 337,006 $ 13,567 559 238,574 252,919 $ 13,605 476 237,409 251,508 $ 11,920 357 236,314 248,591 $ 9,866 — 234,429 244,530 $ 40,567 — 4,208,742 4,249,309 $ (1) indebtedness excludes deferred financing costs, interest rate floor and prepayment option. The interest payable and interest payments included in the carrying value and contractual cash flows, respectively, in the above table, were as follows: satellite performance incentive payments other financial liabilities indebtedness F- 75 Interest payable Interest payments $ $ $ 2,809 $ 383 $ 25,043 $ 27,046 669 1,483,226 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 27. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – (continued) Financial assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheets and the fair value hierarchy levels used to calculate those values were as follows: As at December 31, 2016 Cash and cash equivalents Trade and other receivables other current financial assets other long-term financial assets (1) Trade and other payables other current financial liabilities other long-term financial liabilities indebtedness (2) As at December 31, 2015 Cash and cash equivalents Trade and other receivables other current financial assets other long-term financial assets (1) Trade and other payables other current financial liabilities other long-term financial liabilities indebtedness (2) Loans and receivables $ $ 782,406 $ 55,639 2,548 20,756 — — — — 861,349 $ Loans and receivables $ $ 690,726 $ 50,781 1,186 20,127 — — — — 762,820 $ Other financial liabilities FVTPL Fair value hierarchy Level 1 (3) Level 1 — $ — — 14,931 — (761) (13,952) Fair value 782,406 55,639 2,548 35,687 Level 1, Level 2 (44,107) (61,368) (82,781) — (3,930,048) (3,930,048) (3,992,467) 218 $ (4,099,686) $ (3,238,119) $ (3,304,443) Total 782,406 $ 55,639 2,548 35,687 (44,107) (58,992) (81,252) — $ — — — (44,107) (58,231) (67,300) (3) Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 Other financial liabilities FVTPL Fair value hierarchy Level 1 (3) Level 1 — $ — — 20,235 — (6,510) (4,903) Fair value 690,726 50,781 1,186 40,362 Level 1, Level 2 (44,166) (40,718) (99,562) — (4,106,165) (4,106,165) (4,069,522) 8,822 $ (4,269,533) $ (3,497,891) $ (3,470,913) Total 690,726 $ 50,781 1,186 40,362 (44,166) (36,425) (94,190) — $ — — — (44,166) (29,915) (89,287) (3) Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 (1) other long-term financial assets classified as fair value through profit or loss were calculated using level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. all other balances were calculated using level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. (2) indebtedness excludes deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums. (3) Trade and other receivables and trade and other payables approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Assets pledged as security The senior secured Credit Facilities (December 31, 2015 — former senior secured credit facilities) are secured by substantially all of Telesat’s assets excluding the assets of unrestricted subsidiaries. Fair Value Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market under current market conditions at the measurement date. Where possible, fair values are based on the quoted market values in an active market. in the absence of an active market, the Company determines fair values based on prevailing market rates (bid and ask prices, as appropriate) for instruments with similar characteristics and risk profiles or internal or external valuation models, such as option pricing models and discounted cash flow analysis, using observable market- based inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows: Level 1 is based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company can access at the measurement date. F- 76 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 27. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – (continued) Level 2 is based on observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially all of the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. Estimates of fair values are affected significantly by the assumptions for the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and discount rates, which all reflect varying degrees of risk. potential income taxes and other expenses that would be incurred on disposition of these financial instruments are not reflected in the fair values. as a result, the fair values are not necessarily the net amounts that would be realized if these instruments were actually settled. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, and trade and other payables approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. as at December 31, 2016, cash and cash equivalents included $324.7 million (December 31, 2015 — $214.0 million) of short-term investments. The fair value of the satellite performance incentive payments, included in other current and other long-term financial liabilities, was determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. The calculation is performed on a recurring basis. as at December 31, 2016, the discount rate used was 5.5% (December 31, 2015 — 4.6%). The fair value of the indebtedness was based on transactions and quotations from third parties considering market interest rates and excluding deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums. The calculation of the fair value of the indebtedness is performed on a recurring basis. The rates used were as follows: As at December 31, Former senior secured credit facilities Term Loan a Term Loan B – Canadian Facility Term Loan B – U.s. Facility senior secured Credit Facilities Term Loan B – U.s. Facility 6.0% senior notes 8.875% senior notes Fair value of derivative financial instruments 2016 2015 — — — 101.00% — 104.44% 99.00% 98.63% 98.25% — 100.81% — on november 17, 2016, the Company recorded an interest rate floor embedded derivative on the Term Loan B Facility as a result of the refinancing of the senior secured Credit Facilities (note 24). at inception, the fair value of the embedded derivative was a liability of $25.6 million. in addition, a prepayment option embedded derivative was recognized in connection with the 8.875% senior notes (note 24) on that same date. at inception, the fair value of the prepayment option embedded derivative was an asset of $8.7 million. in connection with the Company’s redemption of its former indebtedness on november 17, 2016, the interest rate floors associated with the former Term Loan B Facility and the prepayment option associated with the 6.0% senior notes have expired. F- 77 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 27. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – (continued) Derivatives, with the exception of the forward foreign exchange contracts, were valued using a discounted cash flow methodology. The calculations of the fair value of the derivatives are performed on a recurring basis. interest rate swap future cash flows were determined based on current yield curves and exchange rates and then discounted based on discount curves. all interest rate swaps matured by september 30, 2016. prepayment option cash flows were calculated with a third party option valuation model which is based on the current price of the debt instrument and discounted based on a discount curve. interest rate floor cash flows were calculated using the Black scholes option valuation model in Bloomberg and discounted based on discount curves. The discount rates used to discount U.s. dollar cash flows as at December 31, 2016 ranged from 0.77% to 2.15% (December 31, 2015 — 0.43% to 1.46%). The discount rates used to discount Canadian dollar cash flows as at December 31, 2015 ranged from 0.79% to 0.97%. There were no derivatives as at December 31, 2016 that were fair valued using discount rates on Canadian dollar cash flows. The fair value of the forward foreign exchange contracts was calculated using the forward foreign exchange rates against British pound sterling for the same transactions at the valuation date. The forward foreign exchange rates as at December 31, 2016 ranged from 1.6501 to 1.6509. The fair value of the derivative assets and liabilities was calculated based on the level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The current and long-term portions of the fair value of the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities, as at each balance sheet date, were as follows: As at December 31, 2016 interest rate floor Forward foreign exchange contracts prepayment option As at December 31, 2015 interest rate swaps interest rate floors prepayment option Other long-term financial assets Other current financial liabilities Other long-term financial liabilities — $ — 14,931 14,931 $ (728) $ (33) — (761) $ (13,952) $ — — (13,952) $ Other long-term financial assets Other current financial liabilities Other long-term financial liabilities — $ — 20,235 20,235 $ (2,335) $ (4,175) — (6,510) $ — $ (4,903) — (4,903) $ $ $ $ $ Total (14,680) (33) 14,931 218 Total (2,335) (9,078) 20,235 8,822 F- 78 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 27. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS – (continued) The reconciliation of the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities was as follows: Fair value, December 31, 2014 and January 1, 2015 Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives interest rate floors prepayment option interest rate swaps impact of foreign exchange Fair value, December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 Derivatives recognized at inception interest rate floors prepayment option realized losses on derivatives Forward foreign exchange contract Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives interest rate floors prepayment option interest rate swaps Forward foreign exchange contracts impact of foreign exchange Fair value, December 31, 2016 28. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS Telesat Holdings Stock Incentive Plans $ 3,212 10,233 (5,261) 1,063 (425) 8,822 (25,581) 8,671 (130) 18,781 (13,108) 2,237 97 429 218 $ $ in september 2008 and april 2013, Telesat adopted share-based compensation plans (the “stock incentive plans”) for certain key employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. The stock incentive plans provide for the grant of up to 12,923,779 options, 8,824,646 authorized in 2008, 4,036,729 authorized in 2013, and an additional 62,404 authorized in 2015, to purchase non-voting participating preferred shares of Telesat holdings inc., convertible into Common shares. Under the stock incentive plans, two different types of stock options can be granted: time-vesting options and performance-vesting options. The time-vesting options generally become vested and exercisable over a five-year period by 20% annual increments. The performance-vesting options become vested and exercisable over a five-year period, provided that the Company has achieved or exceeded an annual or cumulative target consolidated EBiTDa established by the Board of Directors. The exercise period of the stock options expires 10 years from the grant date. The exercise price of each share underlying the options will be the higher of a fixed price, established by the Board of Directors on the grant date, and the fair market value of a non-voting participating preferred share on the grant date. Both plans authorize the Board of Directors to grant tandem sars, at their discretion. The Company expenses the fair value of stock options that are expected to vest over the vesting period using the Black-scholes option pricing model. The share-based compensation expense is included in operating expenses. in January 2016, the Board approved the purchase for cancellation of up to 25% of the currently outstanding stock options. in March 2016, a total of 1,253,477 vested stock options were repurchased at fair value from key management personnel and other employees or former employees for a total cash consideration of $24.7 million. F- 79 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 28. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS – (continued) in connection with the $387 million U.s. dollars cash distribution to our shareholders (note 25), effective January 25, 2017, a special payment was authorized to option holders of $12.8 million U.s. dollars, $7.6 million U.s. dollars of which will be paid during the first quarter of 2017. The remaining payments will be made in subsequent periods subject to certain conditions being met. The stock options granted in the current and prior years, and their weighted average fair value were as follows: number of stock options granted Weighted average fair value of options granted 2016 2015 2014 $ — — $ 418,606 14.80 $ 150,000 12.05 The movement in the number of stock options outstanding and their weighted average exercise price were as follows: outstanding at December 31, 2014 and January 1, 2015 granted Forfeited Exercised Expired outstanding at December 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 granted Forfeited Exercised (note 25) repurchased Expired outstanding at December 31, 2016 Time vesting option plans Performance vesting option plans Number of options 3,622,815 $ 380,106 (239,250) — — 3,763,671 $ — (143,440) (86,116) (857,096) — 2,677,019 $ Weighted- average exercise price 21.95 23.65 24.54 Number of options 1,789,574 $ 38,500 (2,750) — — 1,825,324 $ — (32,684) (92,526) (396,381) — 1,303,733 $ Weighted- average exercise price 18.94 19.38 20.16 The quantity of stock options that are exercisable and the weighted average remaining life were as follows: As at December 31, Time vesting option plans performance vesting option plans Weighted-average remaining life 2016 1,779,707 582,854 6 years 2015 2,265,694 1,079,145 6 years The share-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of income (loss) was as follows: Years ended December 31, operating expenses 2016 2015 2014 $ 5,770 $ 5,369 $ 9,655 F- 80 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 28. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS – (continued) The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the share-based compensation expense for stock options using the Black-scholes option pricing model were as follows: Dividend yield Expected volatility risk-free interest rate Expected life (years) The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility. 29. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS 2016 2015 2014 —% 24.6% 1.83% 10 —% 24.6% 1.81% 10 —% 24.8% 1.76% 10 The expenses included on the consolidated statements of income (loss) and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) were as follows: Years ended December 31, Consolidated statements of income (loss) operating expenses interest expense Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) actuarial (gains) losses on employee benefit plans 2016 Pension plans 2015 2014 Other post-employment benefit plans 2015 2016 2014 $ $ 6,235 $ 875 $ 7,659 $ 933 $ 5,426 $ 294 $ 221 $ 858 $ 494 $ 1,043 $ 362 1,050 $ (4,376) $ (1,140) $ 20,070 $ (724) $ (4,085) $ 3,276 in october 2013, the Company ceased allowing new employees to join certain of the defined benefit plans, except under certain circumstances, and commenced a defined contribution pension plan for new employees. The Company made contributions of $0.8 million for various defined contribution arrangements during 2016 (December 31, 2015 — $0.9 million). The Company’s funding policy is to make contributions to its defined benefit pension funds based on actuarial cost methods as permitted by pension regulatory bodies. Contributions reflect actuarial assumptions concerning future investment returns, salary projections and future service benefits. plan assets are represented primarily by Canadian and foreign equity securities, fixed income instruments and short-term investments. The Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for some of its retired employees and their dependents. participants are eligible for these benefits generally when they retire from active service and meet the eligibility requirements for the pension plan. These benefits are funded primarily on a pay-as- you-go basis, with the retiree generally paying a portion of the cost through contributions, deductibles and coinsurance provisions. The balance sheet obligations, distributed between pension and other post-employment benefits, included in other long-term liabilities (note 23) were as follows: As at December 31, pension benefits other post-employment benefits Accrued benefit liabilities 2016 2015 14,330 $ 22,388 36,718 $ 19,901 22,861 42,762 $ $ F- 81 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 29. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS – (continued) The amounts recognized in the balance sheets and the funded statuses of the benefit plans were as follows: As at December 31, present value of funded obligations Fair value of plan assets present value of unfunded obligations Accrued benefit liabilities 2016 2015 Pension Other Pension Other $ $ $ 279,428 $ (266,255) 13,173 $ 1,157 14,330 $ — $ — — $ 22,388 22,388 $ 268,058 $ (249,335) 18,723 $ 1,178 19,901 $ — — — 22,861 22,861 The changes in the benefit obligations and in the fair value of plan assets were as follows: Change in benefit obligations Benefit obligation, January 1, 2016 Current service cost interest expense remeasurements actuarial gains arising from plan experience actuarial losses from change in demographic assumptions actuarial losses from changes in financial assumptions Benefits paid Contributions by plan participants Foreign exchange other Benefit obligation, December 31, 2016 Change in fair value of plan assets Fair value of plan assets, January 1, 2016 Contributions by plan participants Contributions by employer interest income Benefits paid remeasurements return on plan assets, excluding interest income administrative costs Fair value of plan assets, December 31, 2016 Accrued benefit liabilities, December 31, 2016 Pension Other Total $ $ $ $ $ 269,236 $ 5,776 10,834 (1,415) — 3,823 (8,837) 1,242 — (74) 280,585 $ (249,335) $ (1,242) (8,231) (9,959) 8,837 (6,784) 459 (266,255) $ 14,330 $ 22,861 $ 221 858 (981) 28 229 (640) — (149) (39) 22,388 $ — $ — (640) — 640 — — — $ 22,388 $ 292,097 5,997 11,692 (2,396) 28 4,052 (9,477) 1,242 (149) (113) 302,973 (249,335) (1,242) (8,871) (9,959) 9,477 (6,784) 459 (266,255) 36,718 F- 82 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 29. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS – (continued) Pension Other Total Change in benefit obligations Benefit obligation, January 1, 2015 Current service cost interest expense remeasurements actuarial gains arising from plan experience actuarial gains from change in demographic assumptions actuarial losses (gains) from changes in financial assumptions Benefits paid Contributions by plan participants adjustment to obligation for past service cost credit other Benefit obligation, December 31, 2015 Change in fair value of plan assets Fair value of plan assets, January 1, 2015 Contributions by plan participants Contributions by employer interest income Benefits paid remeasurements return on plan assets, excluding interest income administrative costs adjustment to fair value of assets due to past service cost credit Fair value of plan assets, December 31, 2015 Accrued benefit liabilities, December 31, 2015 $ $ $ $ $ 260,442 $ 5,917 10,533 (2,983) — 1,223 (8,761) 1,305 1,560 — 269,236 $ (238,911) $ (1,305) (9,082) (9,600) 8,761 620 386 (204) (249,335) $ 19,901 $ 25,248 $ 494 1,043 (2,243) (154) (1,688) (685) 8 — 838 22,861 $ — $ (8) (677) — 685 — — — — $ 22,861 $ 285,690 6,411 11,576 (5,226) (154) (465) (9,446) 1,313 1,560 838 292,097 (238,911) (1,313) (9,759) (9,600) 9,446 620 386 (204) (249,335) 42,762 The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation as at December 31, 2016 is 16 years for the defined benefit pension plans and 14 years for the other post-employment benefit plans. The weighted average duration of the current service cost as at December 31, 2016 is 23 years for the defined benefit pension plans and 25 years for the other post-employment benefit plans. The estimated future benefit payments for the defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefit plans until 2026 are as follows: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 to 2026 Pension Other $ $ $ $ $ $ 9,780 $ 10,320 $ 10,996 $ 11,441 $ 11,983 $ 68,747 $ 849 886 925 966 1,007 6,637 Benefit payments include obligations to 2026 only as obligations beyond this date are not quantifiable. F- 83 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 29. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS – (continued) The fair value of the plan assets were allocated as follows between the various types of investments: As at December 31, Equity securities Canada United states international (other than United states) Fixed income instruments Canada Cash and cash equivalents Canada 2016 2015 23.3% 14.6% 18.9% 40.7% 2.6% 21.5% 14.6% 19.6% 41.7% 2.6% plan assets are valued at the measurement date of December 31 each year. The investments are made in accordance with the statement of investment policies and procedures. The statement of investment policies and procedures is reviewed on an annual basis by the Management Level pension Fund investment Committee with approval of the policy being provided by the audit Committee. The following are the significant assumptions adopted in measuring the Company’s pension and other benefit obligations: As at December 31, actuarial benefit obligation Discount rate Benefit costs for the year ended Discount rate Future salary growth health care cost trend rate other medical trend rates Pension 2016 Other 2016 Pension 2015 Other 2015 3.90% 3.75 to 3.80% 4.20% 2.50% n/a n/a 4.00% to 4.10% n/a 4.50% 4.50% 4.00% 4.00% 2.50% n/a n/a 4.00% 3.75% to 4.00% n/a 4.50% 4.50% For certain Canadian post-retirement benefits, the medical trend rate for drugs was assumed to be 6.75% in 2017, decreasing by 0.25% per annum, to a rate of 4.50% in 2026 and thereafter. Sensitivity of assumptions The calculation of the defined benefit obligation is sensitive to the assumptions set out above. The following table summarizes how the impact on the defined benefit obligation as at December 31, 2016 and 2015 would have increased or decreased as a result of the change in the respective assumptions by one percent. As at December 31, 2016 Discount rate Future salary growth Medical and dental trend rates As at December 31, 2015 Discount rate Future salary growth Medical and dental trend rates $ $ $ $ Pension Other 1% increase 1% decrease 1% increase 1% decrease (37,649) $ 8,028 $ n/a Pension 47,853 $ (7,076) n/a $ (2,618) $ n/a 1,856 $ Other 3,345 n/a (1,444) 1% increase 1% decrease 1% increase 1% decrease 46,173 $ (7,951) n/a $ (2,714) $ n/a 1,658 $ 3,370 n/a (1,364) (37,222) $ 7,865 $ n/a F- 84 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 29. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS – (continued) The above sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in amounts based on a one percent variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in amounts may not be linear. The sensitivities have been calculated independently of changes in other key variables. Changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which could amplify or reduce certain sensitivities. The Company expects to make contributions of $7.4 million to the defined benefit plans and $0.2 million to the defined contribution plan during the next fiscal year. 30. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash and cash equivalents were comprised of the following: As at December 31, Cash short-term investments (1) Cash and cash equivalents 2016 2015 2014 $ $ 457,686 $ 324,720 782,406 $ 476,700 $ 214,026 690,726 $ 162,968 334,388 497,356 (1) Consisted of short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less or which are available on demand with no penalty for early redemption. income taxes paid, net of income taxes received was comprised of the following: Years ended December 31, income taxes paid income taxes received 2016 2015 2014 $ $ (122,401) $ 1,929 (120,472) $ (159,256) $ 4,233 (155,023) $ (83,310) 2,511 (80,799) interest paid, net of capitalized interest and interest received was comprised of the following: Years ended December 31, interest paid interest received Capitalized interest 2016 2015 2014 (165,173) $ 6,620 6,292 (152,261) $ (176,312) $ 5,130 9,268 (161,914) $ (200,029) 2,702 4,430 (192,897) $ $ The net change in operating assets and liabilities was comprised of the following: As at December 31, 2016 2015 Trade and other receivables Financial assets other assets Trade and other payables Financial liabilities other liabilities non-cash investing and financing activities were comprised of: Years ended December 31, satellites, property and other equipment intangible assets $ $ $ $ F- 85 (8,347) $ (2,521) 1,260 6,076 551 103,618 100,637 $ 4,944 $ (4,590) (12,346) (4,722) 8,396 11,666 3,348 $ 2014 restated (note 3) 3,821 15,534 (19) (2,029) (7,432) (18,582) (8,707) 2016 2015 2014 13,776 $ 2,350 $ 51,587 $ 11,569 $ 16,539 2,661 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 31. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES The following were the Company’s off-balance sheet contractual obligations as at December 31, 2016: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total operating property leases $ Capital commitments other operating commitments $ 6,684 $ 137,655 6,348 $ 41,736 2,758 $ — 1,233 $ — 907 $ — 17,186 161,525 $ 8,558 56,642 $ 8,229 10,987 $ 7,130 8,363 $ 6,178 7,085 $ 1,357 $ — 7,558 8,915 $ 19,287 179,391 54,839 253,517 operating property leases consisted of off-balance sheet contractual obligations for land or building usage, while capital commitments included commitments for capital projects. other operating commitments consisted of third party satellite capacity arrangements as well as other commitments that are not categorized as operating property leases or capital commitments. The Company’s off-balance sheet obligations included the future minimum payments for the non-cancellable period of each respective obligation, which have various terms and expire between 2017 to 2043. The aggregate expense related to operating property lease commitments for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $6.5 million (December 31, 2015 — $7.4 million, December 31, 2014 — $7.1 million). The Company has entered into contracts for the construction and launch of satellites, and other capital expenditures. The total outstanding commitments as at December 31, 2016 were included in capital commitments. The Company has agreements with various customers for prepaid revenue on several service agreements which take effect when the satellite is placed in service. The Company is responsible for operating and controlling these satellites. as at December 31, 2016, customer prepayments of $391.8 million (December 31, 2015 — $323.1 million), a portion of which is refundable under certain circumstances, were reflected in other current and other long-term liabilities. in the normal course of business, the Company has executed agreements that provide for indemnification and guarantees to counterparties in various transactions. These indemnification undertakings and guarantees may require the Company to compensate the counterparties for costs and losses incurred as a result of certain events including, without limitation, loss or damage to property, change in the interpretation of laws and regulations (including tax legislation), claims that may arise while providing services, or as a result of litigation that may be suffered by the counterparties. The nature of substantially all of the indemnification undertakings prevents the Company from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount the Company could be required to pay counterparties as the agreements do not specify a maximum amount and the amounts are dependent upon the outcome of future contingent events, the nature and likelihood of which cannot be determined at this time. historically, the Company has not made any significant payments under such indemnifications. Telesat and Loral have entered into an indemnification agreement whereby Loral will indemnify Telesat for tax liabilities for taxation years prior to 2007 related to Loral skynet operations. Likewise, Telesat will indemnify Loral for the settlement of tax receivables for taxation years prior to 2007. Legal Proceedings The Company frequently participates in proceedings before national telecommunications regulatory authorities. in addition, the Company may also become involved from time to time in other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of its business. The Company is subject to audits by taxing authorities in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. F- 86 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 31. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES – (continued) The Company is currently involved in a number of disputes with the Brazilian tax authorities who have alleged that additional taxes are owed on revenue earned by the Company for the period 2003 to 2012. The disputes relate to the Brazilian tax authorities’ characterization of the Company’s revenue. additional taxes and interest of approximately $42.7 million have been assessed by Brazilian tax authorities and the Company has challenged those assessments. The Company believes the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome in these disputes is remote and, as such, no reserve has been established. Loral has agreed to indemnify the Company with respect to certain of the assessments issued in Brazil. in 2015, the Company was re-assessed by Canadian taxing authorities for income taxes and interest expense of approximately $16.5 million relating to the deductibility of certain expenses for the 2007 tax year. The Company filed an appeal with the Tax Court of Canada, and in november 2016, was informed that their appeal was successful. other than the legal proceedings disclosed above, the Company is not aware of any proceedings outstanding or threatened as of the date hereof by or against it or relating to its business which may have, or have had in the recent past, significant effects on the Company’s financial position or profitability. 32. SUBSIDIARIES The list of significant companies included in the scope of consolidation as at December 31, 2016 was as follows: Company Telesat Canada infosat Communications Lp skynet satellite Corporation Telesat network services, inc. The spaceConnection inc. Telesat satellite Lp infosat able holdings, inc. able infosat Communications, inc. Telesat Brasil Capacidade de satélites Ltda. Telesat (ioM) Limited Telesat international Limited Method of Consolidation Country Canada Canada United states United states United states United states United states United states Brazil isle of Man United Kingdom Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated Fully consolidated % voting rights 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 The percentage of voting rights and method of consolidation were the same as at December 31, 2015. F- 87 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 33. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The Company’s immediate shareholders are red isle private investment inc. (“red isle”), a company incorporated in Canada, Loral holdings Corporation (“Loral holdings”), a company incorporated in the United states and various individuals. red isle is wholly-owned by psp investments, a Canadian Crown corporation. Loral holdings is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Loral, a United states publicly listed company. Transactions with subsidiaries The Company and its subsidiaries regularly engage in inter-group transactions. These transactions include the purchase and sale of satellite services and communications equipment, providing and receiving network and call centre services, access to orbital slots and management services. The transactions have been entered into over the normal course of operations. Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation and therefore have not been disclosed. Special cash distribution Effective January 25, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a special cash distribution to shareholders, as a reduction of stated capital, in the amount of approximately $387.2 million U.s. dollars. of this balance, $138.5 million U.s. dollars were paid to red isle, $242.7 million U.s. dollars were paid to Loral holdings, with the remainder paid to various individuals. These distributions were made during the first quarter of 2017. Compensation of executives and Board level directors Year ended December 31, short-term benefits (including salaries) special payments (1) post-employment benefits share-based payments (2) 2016 2015 2014 6,751 $ — 2,344 5,482 14,577 $ 7,132 $ — 3,268 4,674 15,074 $ 7,543 980 1,922 8,931 19,376 $ $ (1) in 2012, the Board authorized special payments to certain employees which would be paid over three years subject to certain conditions being met. all special payments were expensed and paid as at December 31, 2014. (2) During 2014 and 2015, the Board authorized the grant of stock options to certain key management personnel pursuant to the stock incentive plan. a total of 150,000 and 348,606 stock options were granted to key management personnel in 2014 and 2015, respectively. share-based payments also included all expenses associated with stock options previously issued under the 2008 stock incentive plan. Key management personnel — stock options in March 2016, a total of 1,253,477 vested stock options were repurchased at fair value from key management personnel and other employees or former employees for a total cash consideration of $24.7 million, of which $18.7 million was paid to key management personnel. F- 88 Telesat Holdings Inc. Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements (all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except where otherwise noted) 33. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS – (continued) Transactions with related parties The Company and certain of its subsidiaries regularly engage in transactions with related parties. The Company’s related parties include Loral and red isle. The transactions have been entered into over the normal course of operations. There were no transactions or balances with red isle during any of the years presented. During the years presented below, the Company and its subsidiaries entered into the following transactions with Loral. Years ended December 31, revenue operating expenses interest and other expenses $ $ $ Sale of goods and services, interest income 2015 2014 2016 Purchase of goods and services, interest expense 2015 2014 2016 133 $ — $ — $ 129 $ — $ — $ 215 $ — $ — $ — $ 6,627 $ — $ — $ 7,547 $ — $ — 6,663 1,070 The following balances were outstanding with Loral at the end of the years presented below: At December 31, Current receivables/payables The amounts outstanding are unsecured and will be settled in cash. Other related party transactions Amounts owed by related parties Amounts owed to related parties 2016 2015 2016 2015 $ — $ 119 $ 174 $ 529 The Company funds certain defined benefit pension plans. Contributions made to the plans for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $8.2 million (December 31, 2015 — $9.1 million). F- 89 LORAL SPACE & COMMUNICATIONS INC. SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES Exhibit 21.1 The active subsidiaries owned directly or indirectly by Loral space & Communications inc. as of February 17, 2017, all 100% owned (except as noted below), consist of the following: Loral skynet Corporation Loral satmex LLC Loral holdings LLC Mexico satellite, LLC (1) Loral global services n.v. Loral holdings Corporation 4440480 Canada inc. 4440498 Canada inc. Loral Canadian gateway Corporation NOTE (1) only 77.78% owned directly or indirectly Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware netherlands antilles Delaware Canada Canada Canada CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in registration statement nos. 333-132795 and 333-143274 on Form s-8 and registration statement nos. 333- 159656 and 333-138652 on Form s-3 of our reports dated March 6, 2017, relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Loral space & Communications inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this annual report on Form 10-K of Loral space & Communications inc. for the year ended December 31, 2016. EXHIBIT 23.1 /s/ DELoiTTE & ToUChE LLp new York, new York March 6, 2017 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in registration statement nos. 333-132795 and 333-143274 on Form s-8 and registration statement nos. 333- 159656 and 333-138652 on Form s-3 of our report dated March 1, 2017, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Telesat holdings inc. appearing in this annual report on Form 10-K of Loral space & Communications inc. for the year ended December 31, 2016. Exhibit 23.2 /s/ Deloitte LLp Chartered professional accountants Licensed public accountants Toronto, Canada March 6, 2017 Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 i, avi Katz, certify that: 1. i have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Loral space & Communications inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and i are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange act rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange act rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and i have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. March 6, 2017 /s/ avi KaTz Avi Katz President, General Counsel & Secretary Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 i, John Capogrossi, certify that: 1. i have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Loral space & Communications inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and i are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange act rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange act rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and i have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. March 6, 2017 /s/ John Capogrossi John Capogrossi Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 in connection with the annual report of Loral space & Communications inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2016 as filed with the securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “report”), i, avi Katz, certify, pursuant to 18 U.s.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the sarbanes-oxley act of 2002, that: (1) The report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the securities Exchange act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. March 6, 2017 /s/ avi KaTz Avi Katz President, General Counsel & Secretary CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 in connection with the annual report of Loral space & Communications inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2016 as filed with the securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “report”), i, John Capogrossi, certify, pursuant to 18 U.s.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the sarbanes-oxley act of 2002, that: (1) The report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the securities Exchange act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. March 6, 2017 /s / John Capogrossi John Capogrossi Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer