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Lucara Diamond Group

luc · TSX Basic Materials
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Employees 51-200
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FY2023 Annual Report · Lucara Diamond Group
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Management's Discussion and Analysis 

and 

Consolidated Financial Statements  

Year Ended December 31, 2023  

LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 
December 31, 2023  

Management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) focuses on significant factors that have affected Lucara Diamond 
Corp. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries performance and such factors that may affect its future performance. To 
better understand the MD&A, it should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of 
the  Company  for  the  period  ended  December  31,  2023,  which  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). All 
amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. 

Disclosure  of  a  scientific  or  technical  nature  in  the  MD&A  was  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  John  P. 
Armstrong (Ph.D., P.Geol.), Lucara’s Vice-President, Technical Services, and a Qualified Person, as that term is 
defined in National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”).  

Some of the statements in this MD&A are forward-looking statements that are subject to risk factors set out in the 
cautionary note contained herein. Additional information about the Company and its business activities is available 
on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca. 

The effective date of this MD&A is February 20, 2024. 

ABOUT LUCARA  

Lucara  is  a  leading  independent  producer  of  large  exceptional  quality  Type  IIa  diamonds  from  its  100%  owned 
Karowe Diamond Mine in Botswana (“Karowe”). Karowe has been in production since 2012 and is the focus of the 
Company’s operations and development activities. Clara Diamond Solutions Limited Partnership (“Clara”), a wholly-
owned subsidiary of Lucara, has developed a secure, digital sales platform which ensures diamond provenance 
from mine to finger. Lucara has an experienced board and management team with extensive diamond development 
and operations expertise. Lucara and its subsidiaries operate transparently and in accordance with international 
best practices in the areas of sustainability, health and safety, environment, and community relations. Lucara is 
certified  by  the  Responsible  Jewelry  Council,  complies  with  the  Kimberley  Process,  and  has  adopted  the  IFC 
Performance  Standards  and  the  World  Bank  Group’s  Environmental,  Health  and  Safety  Guidelines  for  Mining 
(2007). Accordingly, the development of the Karowe underground expansion project (the “Karowe UGP”) adheres 
to  the  Equator  Principles.  Lucara  is  committed  to  upholding  high  standards  while  striving  to  deliver  long-term 
economic benefits to Botswana and the communities in which the Company operates.   

The  Company’s  corporate  office  is  in  Vancouver,  Canada  and  its  common  shares  trade  on  the  Toronto  Stock 
Exchange, the Nasdaq Stockholm Exchange, and the Botswana Stock Exchange under the symbol “LUC”. 

HIGHLIGHTS – FISCAL 2023 

•  The recovery of a 1,080 carat Type IIA white gem quality diamond in August, followed by a recovery of a 692 
carat Type IIA diamond later in the month. The fourth +1000 carat stone recovered from the Karowe Mine.  

•  The Karowe Mine recorded record plant throughput of 2.8 million tonnes milled for the year. 

• 

In January 2024, the successful execution of an amended project financing debt package of US$220 million to 
amend the repayment profile in line with the rebase schedule released in July 2023 for the Karowe UGP. 

•  On February 18, 2024, the Company announced the signing of a new definitive sales agreement (“NDSA”) with 
HB Trading BV (“HB”) in respect of all qualifying diamonds produced in excess of 10.8 carats in size from the 
Karowe Mine. 

•  All key operational and financial metrics from the Company’s 2023 Revised Guidance were achieved. 

•  Total  revenue  of  $177.4  million,  in  line  with  revised  guidance,  was  achieved  in  2023  and  is  reflective  of  a 
combination of natural variability in the quality of large goods recovered, and a delay in sales of large goods to 
HB.  

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•  During Fiscal 2023, a total of 379,287 carats of rough diamonds (2022: 327,028) from Karowe were sold through 
the Company’s three sales channels, generating revenue of $153.0 million before top-up payments of $19.4 
million (2022: $165.4 million before top-up payments of $38.4 million).  

•  Operating cost per tonne processed(1) was $28.75, an increase of 3% over the 2022 cost per tonne processed 
of $27.94. Despite increased mining and continued inflationary pressures, particularly for labour, a strong US 
dollar partially offset an increase in costs over the comparable period.  

•  Operational highlights from the Karowe Mine for 2023 included:  

o  Ore and waste mined of 2.7 million tonnes (“Mt”) (2022: 3.3Mt) and 3.1 million tonnes (2022: 1.5Mt), 

respectively. 

o  2.8 million tonnes (2022: 2.8Mt) of ore processed. 
o  A total of 395,134 carats recovered, including 18,509 carats from the processing of historic recovery 
tailings,  (2022:  335,769  carats)  at  a recovered  grade  of  13.2 carats  per  hundred  tonnes (“cpht”) of 
direct milled ore (2022: 12.1 cpht). 
o  A total of 602 Specials (stones larger than 10.8 carats in size) were recovered, with 22 diamonds 

greater than 100 carats including five diamonds greater than 300 carats.   

o  Recovered Specials equated to 5.3% of the total recovered carats from ore processed during 2023 

(2022 – 7.2%).  

o  The Karowe Mine has operated continuously for over three years without a lost time injury. 
o  The twelve-month Total Recordable Injury Frequency Rate of 0.19 (2022: 0.40) at the end of Q4 2023 

reflects a continued focus on leading indicators and safe performance.   

•  Financial highlights for 2023 included:  

o  Revenues of $177.4 million (2022: $212.9 million) were achieved despite a weaker rough diamond 
market.  Fourth  quarter  pricing  stabilized  in  smaller  goods  and  increases  of  5%  were  observed 
compared to the third quarter of 2023, albeit approximately 19% below prices observed in the fourth 
quarter  of  2022.  Revenue  reflects  the  weighting  of  Lucara’s  revenue  towards  larger  goods  where 
pricing was observed to be more stable. The performance reflects the increased volume of material 
processed from the North and Centre lobes in the first half of the year. During 2023, 26% of the carats 
processed were recovered from the Centre Lobe, 3% from the North Lobe and 71% were recovered 
from South Lobe ore (2022: 100% South Lobe ore). In comparison to the revenue earned in 2022, 
current  year revenue  reflected  a  more  diverse  product  mix with a  return  to  Centre  and North  Lobe 
processing during the year. 

o  Operating  margins  of  56%  were  achieved  (2022:  63%).  A  strong  operating margin  continues  to  be 

achieved through cost reduction initiatives assisted by a strong U.S. dollar. 

o  Adjusted  EBITDA(1)  was  $54.4  million  (2022:  $86.7  million),  with  the  decrease  attributable  to  the 

change in revenue. 

o  Net loss was $20.2 million (2022: net income of $40.4 million), resulting in a loss per share of $0.04 
(2022: earnings of $0.09). The change to a net loss is due to the decrease in revenue, an impairment 
of  intangible  assets,  and  a  significant  non-cash  deferred  tax  expense  as  the  investment  in  the 
underground expansion project continues. 

o  The  Company  identified  an  impairment  indicator  for  the  Company’s  Clara  sales  platform  and 
completed an impairment test based on the fair value less cost of disposal expected to be derived from 
the platform. An impairment was recognized on the intangible asset by $11.2 million in Q4 2023. 

o  Cash flow from operating activities was $63.4 million (2022: $96.2 million). 

(1)  Operating  cash  cost  per  tonne  processed  and  adjusted  EBITDA  are  non-IFRS  measures  (See  “Use  of  Non-IFRS  Financial  Performance 
Measures”). 

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•  During 2023, the Company invested $101.3 million into the Karowe UGP, including capitalized borrowing costs: 

o  Shaft sinking, lateral development and grouting programs were the focus in both the ventilation and 
production shafts in Q4 2023. At the end of 2023, the production and ventilation shafts were both at 
348 metres below collar or 666 metres above sea level (“masl”) and the process of establishing the 
first shaft stations and lateral connection between the two shafts (670 level) had commenced.  

o  During Q4 2023, the ventilation shaft sank 76 metres, the 718 slinging cubby was completed, the 670-
level  station  was  established,  and  the  lateral  station  development  commenced.  Total  lateral 
development  in  Q4  2023  was  97  metres.  During  the  quarter,  development  equipment,  including  a 
Kubota, a Sandvik DD321 boom jumbo drill and a Caterpillar R1300G 7-tonne load, haul, dump (“LHD”) 
unit were mobilized at the 670-level for lateral development mining. Sinking and lateral development 
was in the Thlabala mudstones in dry conditions. 

o  Production shaft activities included sinking a total of 114 metres and establishing the 670-level station, 
catwalk and initiating lateral development. A total of 30 metres of lateral development was completed. 
Sinking and lateral development in Q4 2023 was in the Thlabala mudstones in dry conditions. 

o  Commissioning of the temporary bulk air coolers at each shaft was completed and construction of the 

permanent bulk air coolers at the production shaft continued.  

o  Detailed engineering and fabrication of the permanent men and materials winder commenced during 

the quarter, representing the last major component for the permanent winders.  

•  Cash position and liquidity as at December 31, 2023: 

o  Cash and cash equivalents of $13.3 million. 
o  Working capital deficit (current assets less current liabilities) of $16.6 million. 
o  Cost overrun facility (“COF”) of $18.6 million. 
o  $90.0 million drawn on the $170.0 million Project Loan (“Project Loan”) for the Karowe UGP.  
o  $35.0 million drawn on the $50.0 million working capital facility (“WCF”). 

•  On January 9, 2024, the Company announced that it had signed amended documentation in relation to the 
senior secured project financing debt package of US$220 million (the "Facilities") executed in July 2021 (the 
“Rebase Amendments”). The project facility portion had been increased from $170.0 million to $190 million, 
while the working capital facility had decreased from $50.0 million to $30.0 million. While the total quantum 
of the Facilities has not changed, the repayment profile has been extended in line with the rebase schedule 
released on July 17, 2023, and the maturity of the WCF has been extended to June 30, 2031.  

•  During 2023, the Company announced the appointment of William Lamb as Chief Executive Officer in August, 
and Glenn Kondo as Chief Financial Officer, effective January 1, 2024. Eira Thomas and Zara Boldt departed 
during 2023. 

DIAMOND MARKET 

The long-term outlook for natural diamond prices remains positive, anchored on improving fundamentals around 
supply and demand as many of the world’s largest mines reach their end of life.  Currently, slower than anticipated 
economic growth in China and a voluntary import ban on rough diamonds into India in Q4 2023, dampened the 
recovery  of  rough  diamond  prices  towards  the  end  of  2023.  Changes  in  global  economic  conditions,  consumer 
demand, geopolitical events, and industry-specific dynamics resulted in a challenging market in 2023 with reduced 
demand and downward pressure on both polished and rough diamond pricing, especially in the smaller size classes. 
Restricted supply by the largest producers towards the end of 2023, together with the Group of Seven discussions 
surrounding sanctions on rough diamonds from Russia, resulted in small levels of price recovery at the end of 2023. 

Sales of lab-grown diamonds increased steadily through 2023 with many smaller retail outlets increasingly adopting 
these diamonds as a product. Lab-grown stones have established themselves in the marketplace and over time will 
continue  to  take  up  increasing  market  share  in  the  smaller  to  medium  sized  goods.  The  longer-term  market 

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fundamentals for natural diamonds remain positive, pointing to continued price growth as demand is expected to 
outstrip future supply, which is now declining globally. 

SALES CHANNELS 

Karowe diamonds are sold through three separate and distinct sales channels: through the HB sales agreement 
arrangements (terminated as of September 28, 2023; reinstated in February 2024), on the Clara digital sales 
platform and through quarterly tenders.   

HB Sales  

Karowe’s large, high value diamonds have historically accounted for approximately 60% to 70% of Lucara’s annual 
revenues.  In September 2023, Lucara terminated the definitive sales agreement executed with HB in November 
2022  (for  all  +10.8  carat  diamonds  recovered  from  Karowe)  due  to  HB’s  material  breach  of  its  financial 
commitments.  The  rough  diamonds  delivered  to  HB  prior  to  the  termination  of  the  agreement  continued  to  be 
manufactured  and  sold  as  polished  diamonds.  The  Company  retains  a  contractual  right  to  receive  “top-up” 
payments from polished diamond sales for goods delivered prior to the termination of the agreement. The Company 
continued to sell its +10.8 carat production through this established sales channels while it continued to work with 
the management of HB on options for a new Diamond Sales Agreement which is subject to pre-approval from the 
Government of the Republic of Botswana.   

Under the sales arrangements with HB, +10.8 carat gem and near gem diamonds from the Karowe Mine of qualities 
that could directly enter the manufacturing stream are sold to HB at prices based on the estimated polished outcome 
of  each  diamond.  The  estimated  polished  value  is  determined  through  state-of-the-art  scanning  and  planning 
technology,  with  an  adjusted  amount  payable  on  actual  achieved  polished  sales,  less  a  fee  and  the  cost  of 
manufacturing. All +10.8 carat non-gem quality diamonds and all diamonds less than 10.8 carats in weight which 
did not meet the criteria for sale on Clara will continue to be sold as rough through a quarterly tender. 

Additional consideration, in the form of a “top-up” payment, is payable to the Company if the final sales price of the 
polished diamond sold is higher than the initial estimated polished price.  Any manufactured diamonds sold to an 
end  buyer  for  less  than  the  initial  estimated  polished  price  (after  deductions  for  HB’s  fee  and  the  cost  of 
manufacturing) will result in the difference being refunded to HB. 

Top-up payments, net of manufacturing costs, are payable when polished diamonds are sold to an end buyer and 
the sales prices achieved exceeds the initial purchase price paid to Lucara. Top-up payments primarily relate to 
carats  delivered  in  previous  quarters.    The  amount  and  timing  of  top  up  payments  received  is  impacted  by  the 
complexity of certain rough diamonds and the qualitative assumptions that are part of the initial planning process. 
At various points during the manufacturing process, the stones are re-assessed, and adjustments may be made to 
the manufacturing plan, with the objective of maximizing the final sales price. 

Payments owing for the final polished sales price and top-up payments received are estimated, after deductions for 
HB’s fee and the cost of manufacturing, when determining the transaction price recognized for accounting purposes.  
This estimate is updated at each period end until the transaction price is confirmed. Timing of deliveries to HB and 
polished sales by HB have had the most significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition. 

Sethunya Diamond  

In 2021, amidst strengthening prices for large, high value diamonds, a strategic decision was taken to defer the 
sale of the Sethunya (549 carats), one of the finest, gem quality diamonds produced from the Karowe Mine to date. 
In  mid-2022,  Lucara  and  HB  agreed  to  a  series  of  prepayments.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  had 
received  prepayments  of  $20.0  million  from  HB  for  the  Sethunya.  These  prepayments  have  been  recorded  as 
deferred revenue on the Statement of Financial Position. 

Clara Sales Platform 

Clara is Lucara’s 100% owned proprietary, secure web-based digital marketplace which is best suited to transact 
diamonds between 1 and 15 carats, in higher colours and quality.  The Clara platform matches buyers to sellers on 
a stone-by-stone basis based on polished demand and is the only sales platform in the world that uses technology 
to provide complete assurance on diamond provenance.  Clara continues to gain interest as the financial benefits 

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of  purchasing  rough  diamonds  in  this  innovative way  are  realized  for  all  participants and,  buyers become  more 
focused on transparency and traceability of diamonds from mine to retail. 

Total volume transacted on the platform was $18.5 million in 2023, with non-Karowe goods representing 32% of 
the total sales volume transacted. The number of buyers on the platform reached 104 as of December 31, 2023. 

Quarterly Tenders 

All +10.8 carat non-gem quality diamonds and all diamonds less than 10.8 carats in weight which did not meet the 
criteria for sale on Clara are being sold as rough through quarterly tenders. Viewings take place in both Gaborone, 
Botswana and Antwerp, Belgium.    

KAROWE UNDERGROUND PROJECT UPDATE 

The Karowe UGP is designed to access the highest value portion of the Karowe orebody, with initial underground 
carat production predominantly from the highest value eastern magmatic/pyroclastic kimberlite (south) (“EM/PK(S)”) 
unit.  The Karowe UGP is expected to extend mine life to at least 2040. 

On July 16, 2023, an update to the Karowe UGP schedule and budget was announced (link to news release).  This 
update was initiated in response to slower than planned ramp up to expected sinking rates in 2022, and, to account 
for time incurred to complete grouting programs while mining through the water-bearing geological zones. These 
chemical  grouting  programs  took  longer  than  anticipated  due  to  a  combination  of  high-water  volumes  in  the 
sandstone lithologies between 870 and 752 metres above sea level in depth (144 metres to 262 metres below the 
shaft collar) and technical challenges associated with the transition to main sinking.   

The  updated  schedule  incorporates  a  28%  increase  in  the  duration  of  construction,  extending  the  anticipated 
commencement of production from the underground from H2 2026 to H1 2028. The revised forecast of costs at 
completion is $683.0 million (including contingency), a 25% increase to the May 2022 estimated capital cost of $547 
million. The increase of $136.0 million in estimated capital to reach project completion is predominantly related to 
increased  schedule  duration  and  related  labour  costs  (approximately  56%  of  the  total  increase),  grouting  costs 
(approximately  20%  of  the  total  increase),  with  the  balance  of  the  increase  attributable  to  owner’s  costs, 
procurement, and indirect project costs.  As at December 31, 2023, capital expenditures of $310.5 million had been 
incurred and capital commitments of $77.2 million had been made.   

The Karowe UGP remains technically and economically feasible, however, the impact of actual and modelled delays 
changes the revenue profile due to the use of stockpiled ore for mill feed between 2025 and 2027 rather than high-
grade ore from the underground as previously planned. Open pit mining will continue until mid-2025 and provide 
mill  feed  during  this  time. Stockpiled  material  (North,  Centre,  South  Lobe)  from  working  stocks  and  life  of  mine 
stockpiles will provide uninterrupted mill feed until late 2026 when Karowe UGP development ore will begin to offset 
stockpiles  with  underground  production  feed  planned  for  H1  2028.  The  long-term  outlook  for  diamond  prices, 
combined with the potential for exceptional stone recoveries and the continued strong performance of the open pit 
could mitigate the modelled impact on project cash flows due to the schedule slippage. The Company continues to 
explore opportunities to further mitigate the modelled impact.  

With the update announced July 16, 2023, the Karowe Mine production and cash flow models were updated for the 
revised project schedule and cost estimate.  
During the year ended December 31, 2023, a total of $101.3 million was spent on the Karowe UGP development, 
capitalized  borrowing  costs,  surface  infrastructure,  grouting  programs,  and  ongoing  shaft  sinking  activities.  The 
following activities were completed during Q4 2023, including: 
•  Main sinking in the production and ventilation shafts:  

o  The ventilation shaft reached 348 metres below collar, with a planned final depth of 731 metres. The 
shaft  is  currently  61  metres  or  approximately  26  days  ahead  of  the  July  2023  schedule  update 
(combined vertical and lateral metres).  

o  The production shaft reached 348 metres below collar, with a planned final depth of 765 metres. The 
production  shaft  is  11  metres  or  approximately  24  days  behind  the  July  2023  schedule  update 
(combined vertical and lateral) mainly due to an unscheduled grouting event in Q3 2024, which is not 
a critical path schedule item. 

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o  At the end of 2023, both shaft bottoms were at 348 metres below collar (666 masl) having completed 
the first shaft stations at the 670-level and engaged in the start of 670-level lateral development. 

o  During  Q4  2023,  the  ventilation  shaft  sank  76  metres,  completed  the  718  slinging  cubby  and 
established  the  670-level  station,  catwalk  and  was  engaged  in  level  development.  Total  lateral 
developed in Q4 2023 was 97 metres. During the quarter, a Kubota, Sandvik DD321 two boom jumbo 
drill and a Caterpillar RG1300G 7-tonne LHD were slung down in the ventilation shaft to the 670-level 
for development mining.  

o  Production shaft activities included sinking a total of 114 metres and establishing the 670-level station, 
catwalk and initiating lateral development. A total of 30 metres of lateral development was completed.  

o  Commissioning of the temporary bulk air coolers at each shaft was completed and construction of the 

permanent bulk air coolers at the production shaft continued.  

o  Detailed engineering and fabrication of the permanent men and materials winder commenced during 

the quarter, representing the last major component for the permanent winders.  

o  Both  shafts  have  completed  sinking  through  the  water-bearing  Ntane  and  Mosolotane  sandstones. 
Sinking and lateral development during the fourth quarter took place in the Thalbala mudstone in dry 
conditions, no water was reported during probe drilling events. 

•  Contract  for  fabrication  of  the  permanent  men  and  materials  winder  was  signed  during  the  quarter, 

representing the last major component for the permanent winders.  

•  Mining  engineering  advanced  with  a  focus  on  supporting  shaft  sinking,  underground  infrastructure 

engineering and finalizing level plans.  

•  The  impact  of  implementing  a  behavioural-based  safety  training  program,  Safe  Start®,  in  Q4  2022  has 
been  evident  in  2023.  During  2023,  the  UGP  achieved  a  twelve-month  rolling  Total  Recordable  Injury 
Frequency Rate of 0.19. Project to date Total Recordable Injury Frequency Rate at December 31, 2023 
was 0.55.   

The capital cost expenditure for the underground expansion in 2024 is up to $100 million – see “2024 Outlook” 
below.  

Activities for the Karowe UGP in Q1 2024 include the following:  

•  Resumption of sinking within the ventilation and production shafts.  

•  Completion of mining and construction activities on the 670 level station, including connection of the two 
shafts and establishment of electrical substation, sump and de-watering pumps and ventilation doors. 

•  Planned  grouting  events  at  the  base  of  the  Tlapana  carbonaceous  shale  and  top  of  Mea  formation  is 

expected during the period in the production shaft. 

•  Procurement  of  underground  equipment,  including  dewatering  pumps,  underground  crush  and  convey 

systems and the permanent stage winder. 

•  Commissioning of the permanent bulk air cooler system. 

•  Preparation of tender documents for the underground lateral development work; and, 

•  Continuation of detailed design and engineering of the underground mine infrastructure and layout. 

The update to the UGP schedule that extended the anticipated duration of construction and increased the estimated 
capital cost was considered to be an indicator of impairment at June 30, 2023 for the Karowe Cash Generating Unit 
(“CGU”). No further indicators were identified at December 31, 2023. As a result of an impairment indicator being 
identified, the recoverable amount of the Karowe CGU was estimated and compared against its carrying value. No 
impairment was identified (see Note 24 of the consolidated financial statements for year ended December 31, 2023). 

SOURCES OF FINANCING  

On January 9, 2024, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Lucara Botswana, with Lucara Diamond Corp. as 
the sponsor and the guarantor, amended its debt package that was originally entered into in 2021. The Facilities 

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consist of a project finance facility of $190.0 million (previously $170.0 million) to fund the development of an UGP 
at the Karowe Mine, and a $30.0 million (previously $50.0 million) senior secured working capital facility (the "WCF") 
which is used to support ongoing operations.   

The Project Loan may be used to fund the development, construction costs and construction phase operating costs 
of the Karowe UGP as well as financing costs on the Facilities. The Project Loan now matures on June 30, 2031, 
with quarterly repayments commencing on September 30, 2028.  

As at December 31, 2023, $90.0 million was drawn from the Project Loan and $35.0 million was drawn from the 
WCF. Following the Rebase Amendments, the Company has drawn $125.0 million from the Project Loan and 
$15.0 million from the WCF. The Company has drawn an additional $15.0 million from the Project Loan  and 
$10.0 million from the WCF in Q1 2024. 

Effective  June  30,  2023,  the  Facilities  were  amended  to  replace  the  interest  rate  of  LIBOR  with  Term  Secured 
Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a credit adjustment spread. The Facilities accrue interest at Term SOFR 
plus a margin as outlined below. 

The Project Loan has a margin of 6.5% annually until the project completion date, 6.0% annually from the project 
completion date to June 30, 2029, and 7.0% annually thereafter. Commitment fees for the undrawn portion of the 
Project Loan are 35% of the margin per annum.  

The WCF may be used for working capital and other corporate purposes. This facility has a margin of 6.5% annually 
until the project completion date, 6.25% annually from the project completion date to June 30, 2029, and 7.25% 
annually thereafter. Commitment fees for the undrawn portion of the WCF are 35% of the margin per annum. The 
WCF now matures on June 30, 2031. 

Following the Rebase Amendments, the Company is required to place $61.7 million in the COF as a condition of 
the Facilities prior to June 30, 2025. The Facilities Agreement includes specific provisions for how and when these 
funds may be released from the COF. The COF balance was $18.6 million as at December 31, 2023, and now 
stands at $36.9 million. The Company is required to fund the remaining balance with the proceeds from the sale 
of exceptional stones and excess cashflow from operations. 

Under the terms of the Rebase Amendments to the Project Loan, the Company’s largest shareholder, Nemesia 
S.a.r.l. (“Nemesia”) provided a limited standby undertaking of up to $63.0 million. The standby undertaking consists 
of two components: i) an undertaking to support the requirement to fill the COF to $61.7 million ($28.1 million at the 
effectiveness of the Rebase Amendments) by June 30, 2025 and ii) in the event of a funding shortfall, support up 
to $35.0 million occurring up to project completion.  

In connection with the Rebase Amendments, Nemesia also provided a liquidity support guarantee of up to $15.0 
million in aggregate in the event the Company’s cash balance decreased below $10.0 million while discussions with 
the Lenders were ongoing in 2023. During Q4 2023, the full liquidity guarantee of $15.0 million was drawn, and 
Nemesia was issued 450,000 common shares as consideration for providing this funding. For each $500,000 drawn 
down  under  the  Liquidity  Guarantee,  the  Company  is  required  to  issue,  subject  to  the  receipt  of  all  required 
regulatory approvals, 7,500 common shares per month to Nemesia until the amounts borrowed are repaid. As at 
December  31,  2023,  127,500  common  shares  have  been  issued  under  the  amounts  drawn  on  the  debenture. 
Following year-end, with the effectiveness of the Rebase Amendments, $15.0 million was drawn from the Project 
Loan and contributed to the COF.  

As part of the Rebase Amendments, the Lenders had granted certain waivers and extensions to the Company as 
at December 31, 2023. As at December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the 
Facilities. 

INTEREST RATE SWAP 

On December 14, 2021, under the terms of the Project Loan, the Company became party to a series of interest rate 
swap agreements on 75% of the principal amount available, up to $127.5 million. Structured around the expected 
Project Loan drawdown schedule, the Company receives interest at the rate equivalent to the three-month USD 
LIBOR and pays interest at a fixed rate of 1.682% on a quarterly basis. The interest rate swaps mature on March 
31, 2028. Effective June 30, 2023, the interest rate swaps were amended to replace LIBOR with Term SOFR plus 
a credit adjustment spread. 

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7 | P a g e  

 
 
As at December 31, 2023, the interest rate swaps had a total unrealized fair value of $8.1 million (December 31, 
2022:  $9.8  million),  of  which  $3.0  million  has  been  classified  as  a  current  asset  in  the  Statement  of  Financial 
Position. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $1.7 million loss (2022: gain of $10.7 
million)  on  this  derivative  financial  instrument.  Movements  in  the unrealized  fair  value  are recorded  through  the 
Statements of Operations.  

In February 2024, the interest rate swaps were aligned to the expected Project Loan drawdown schedule under the 
Rebase Amendments with the interest rate swaps amended to amounts up to $142.5 million and maturity extended 
to June 30, 2031. The Company receives interest at the rate equivalent to the three-month USD Term SOFR plus 
a credit adjustment spread and pays interest at a fixed rate of between 2.421 and 2.447% on a quarterly basis. 

CLARA REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY 

On September 28, 2022, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Clara, with Lucara Diamond Corp. as guarantor, 
entered into a revolving credit facility agreement of $4.0 million with FirstRand Bank Limited, acting through its Rand 
Merchant Bank Division (the “Clara Facility”).  

The Clara Facility is used for inventory and working capital purposes. The facility was extended in September 2023 
for a one-year period and matures on September 28, 2024. As at December 31, 2023, $nil (December 31, 2022: 
$0.3 million) of the facility was drawn. The facility bears interest at SOFR plus a margin of 6.0%.  

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 

Table 1 

In millions of U.S. dollars, except carats or otherwise noted 

Revenues 
Operating expenses 
Net (loss) income for the period 

(Loss) earnings per share (basic and diluted) 
Operating cash flow per share(1) 

Cash on hand 
Cost overrun facility (restricted cash) 
Amounts drawn on WCF(2) 
Amounts drawn on Project Loan 

Three months ended  
December 31,  
         2022 

         2023 

Year ended 
December 30, 
         2022 

         2023 

$ 

36.5 
(22.3) 
(36.7) 

(0.07) 
0.00 

13.3 
18.6 
35.0 
90.0 

$ 

42.5 
(18.5) 
7.1 

177.4 
(78.6) 
(20.2) 

0.02 
0.03 

26.4 
- 
15.0 
65.0 

         (0.04)   

0.11 

13.3 
18.6 
35.0 
90.0 

212.9 
(79.3) 
40.4 

0.09 
0.19 

26.4 
- 
15.0 
65.0 

Revenue from the sale of Karowe diamonds 
Carats sold from Karowe 

36.3 
111,523 

40.1 
81,264 

172.4 
379,287 

203.8 
327,028 

(1) Operating cash flow per share before working capital adjustments is a non-IFRS measure. See “Use of Non-IFRS Performance Measures”    
  below.  
(2) Excludes amounts drawn from the Clara Facility. 

Q4 2023 Analysis 

The Company recognized total revenues of $36.5 million in Q4 2023. This included $36.3 million from the sale of 
111,523 carats from Karowe (including top-up payments of $6.8 million) as well as $0.2 million from the sale of 
third-party goods on the Clara platform. In comparison, the Company achieved total revenues of $42.5 million in 
Q4 2022 which included $40.1 million from the sale of 81,264 carats from Karowe and top-up payments of $3.6 
million, and $2.4 million in revenue from third party goods sold through the Clara platform. The 14% decrease in 
quarterly revenue was driven by i) a decrease in the recovery of carats greater than 10.8 carats in size in the fourth 
quarter due to the natural variability of the resource, ii) a softening of prices for smaller goods, and iii) an inventory 
build following the termination of the Diamond Sales Agreement with HB at the end of the third quarter.  

While a softer diamond market in 2023 resulted in lower achieved prices for the goods less than 10.8 carats in size, 
when compared to 2022, increasing prices were observed in the fourth quarter. On a like-for-like comparison, prices 
increased 5% from realized prices in the third quarter of 2023. The average price for goods less than 10.8 carats in 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

8 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q4 2023 was $165 per carat, a decrease of 19% from the average price per carat of $203 per carat in Q4 2022. 
The Company’s product mix (which is weighted to larger, high value goods of sizes greater than 10.8 carats) is 
impacted  less  by  price  movements  in  the  smaller  goods.  Under  the  sales  agreement  with  HB,  Karowe’s  +10.8 
production accounted for 60% (2022: 60%) of total revenues recognized in 2023. 

Total  operating  expenses  were  higher  in  Q4  2023  ($22.3  million)  compared  to  Q4  2022  ($18.5  million) 
predominantly due to inventory movements with a large volume of carats sold in the fourth quarter of 2023 (+37%) 
and  higher  total  mining  costs  due  to  increased  production  volumes  versus  the  comparable  quarter.  Operating 
expenses are recorded on a per carat basis and recognized as the carat is sold. The timing of the sale of carats 
can affect when amounts are recognised between inventory and operating expenses.  

Total operating expenses are comparable for the year (2023 - $78.6 million; 2022 - $79.3 million) predominantly 
due to the benefit from the stronger U.S. Dollar (+8%) offsetting inflationary pressures. On a total operating cost 
per tonne processed basis, costs are mostly comparable when quoted in US dollars (increase of 3%). On a total 
operating cost per tonne processed basis, in Botswana Pula terms, costs were up 11% from Q4 2022 to Q4 2023, 
inclusive  of  a  20%  increase  in  the  volume  of  tonnes  mined  and  inflation.  There  have  been  minimal  power  cost 
increases in Botswana in the past year and fuel costs have been variable throughout 2023 with both increasing and 
decreasing prices. Fuel costs increased at the end of the third quarter of 2023.  Please see Table 5: “Select Financial 
Information” below for details on the expense line items which had the most significant impact on net loss of $20.2 
million (2022: net income $40.4 million) in the year. 

QUARTERLY SALES RESULTS 

     Table 2 

Q4 2023 - Sales Channel 

Rough Carats Sold 

HB Arrangements 
Clara(1) 
Tender(2) 
Subtotal – Karowe diamonds sold 
HB top-up payments 
Total Revenue – Karowe Diamonds 
3rd party goods (Clara)(1) 
Total Revenue – Q4 2023 

1,629 
1,757 
108,137 
111,523 

Q4 2022 - Sales Channel 

Rough Carats Sold 

HB Arrangements 
Clara(1) 
Tender(2) 
Subtotal – Karowe diamonds sold 
HB top-up payments 
Total Revenue – Karowe Diamonds 
3rd party goods (Clara)(1) 
Total Revenue – Q4 2022 

2,812 
2,188 
76,264 
81,264 

  Revenue 

US$ M         
10.6 
2.0 
16.9 
29.5 
6.8 
36.3 
0.2  
36.5  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

  Revenue           

US$ M 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

20.5 
3.8 
12.2 
36.5 
3.6 
40.1 
2.4 
42.5 

(1)  Four  sales  were  completed  on  Clara  in  Q4  2023  (Q4  2022:  three),  with  the  sale  of  third-party  goods 

continuing to supplement the total volume transacted. 

(2)  Non-gem  +10.8  carat  diamonds  and  diamonds  less  than  10.8  carats  in  size  which  did  not  meet 

characteristics for sale on Clara were sold through tender. 

HB Arrangements – Q4 2023 

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded revenue of $17.4  million from the HB 
arrangements (inclusive of top-up payments of $6.8 million), as compared to revenue of $24.1 million (inclusive of 
top-up payments of $3.6 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The fourth quarter saw a reduction 
in the goods delivered to HB as a result of the termination of the diamond sales agreement at the end of the third 
quarter.  The  company  continued  to  sell  diamonds  to  HB  under  similar  terms  while  discussions  were  ongoing 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

9 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
regarding the new sales agreement. Revenue was affected by a 92% recovery factor achieved in 2023, 8% below 
plan. Revenue in the fourth quarter was also affected by the natural variability in the value of large stones recovered 
in any given period. As a result of these factors, revenue to HB decreased to 48% of total revenue recognized in 
the fourth quarter of 2023 (60% - Q4 2022). The product mix in Q4 2023 was predominantly from the South Lobe 
ore body, with some contribution from the Centre Lobe (Q4 2022 – 100% South Lobe ore).  

Karowe’s +10.8 carat production, sold through HB, accounted for 60% (2022: 60%) of total revenue recognized in 
2023. 

An increase in top-up payments in Q4 2023 versus the comparative quarter can be attributed primarily to the number 
of high value diamonds delivered to HB in the third quarter which were sold during the comparative period. Top-up 
values will typically increase as the more valuable stones move through production and are sold. The higher top-
ups  recognized  in  Q4  2023  reflect  the  value  of  the  stones  delivered  earlier  in  the  year,  with  a  very  strong 
performance in June 2023 from the product mix in Q2 2023.  

Recovered  Specials  for  the  year  equated  to  3.8%  of  the  weight  percentage  of  total  recovered  carats  from  ore 
processed during Q4 2023, with 71% of carats recovered coming from the South Lobe, 26% recovered from the 
Centre Lobe, and 3% recovered from the North Lobe (Q4 2022: 8.2%; 98% South Lobe ore; 2% Centre and North 
Lobes). Natural variability in the quality profile of the +10.8ct production in any production period or fiscal quarter 
results in fluctuations in recorded revenue and associated top-ups.  This result is consistent with the resource model 
and expected.  

The  large  stone  diamond  market  fundamentals  continued  to  support  healthy  prices  from  the  multi-year  highs 
observed at the peak in Q1 2022, despite an overall softening of demand in the market.  

Clara 

During Q4 2023, the sales volume transacted was $2.3 million (Q4 2022: $6.6 million), as lower volumes and lower 
value goods were sold (due to the shift in product mix from the Karowe Mine). Some sales are recognized on a net 
revenue basis.  A softer market was observed with the voluntary import ban on rough diamonds in India during the 
fourth  quarter.  Prices  increased  5%  overall  in  December  with  a  resumption  of  purchasing  across  most  size 
categories; however, prices remained lower than Q4 2022. Price stability continues to be observed in the stones 
between 5 to 10.8 carats in size. 

Quarterly Tender 

A total of 108,137 carats were sold in the December 2023 tender, generating revenues of $16.9 million or $156 per 
carat (Q4 2022 tender: $12.2 million from the sale of 76,264 carats or $133 per carat). Rough diamond prices saw 
a strong rebound in the fourth quarter of 2023 following the significant decrease observed earlier in 2023 as market 
fundamentals strengthened. A 19% increase from the third quarter tender was observed owing to price increases 
and product mix offered in the fourth quarter tender. 

ANNUAL SALES RESULTS 

     Table 3 

2023 - Sales Channel 

Rough Carats Sold 

HB Agreements 
Clara(1) 
Tender(2) 
Subtotal – Karowe diamonds sold 
HB top-up payments 
Total Revenue – Karowe Diamonds 
3rd party goods (Clara)(1) 
Total Revenue – 2023 

10,456 
9,123 
359,708 
379,287 

  Revenue 

US$ M         
86.8 
12.5 
53.7 
153.0 
19.4 
172.4 
5.0  
177.4  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

10 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2022 - Sales Channel 

Rough Carats Sold 

HB Agreements 
Clara(1) 
Tender(2) 
Subtotal – Karowe diamonds sold 
HB top-up payments 
Total Revenue – Karowe Diamonds 
3rd party goods (Clara)(1) 
Total Revenue – 2022 

11,037 
10,677 
305,314 
327,028 

  Revenue           

US$ M 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

90.3 
21.8 
53.3 
165.4 
38.4 
203.8 
9.1 
212.9 

(1)  Seventeen sales were completed on Clara in 2023 (2022: fifteen), with the sale of third-party goods continuing to 

supplement the total volume transacted.  

(2)  Non-gem +10.8 carat diamonds and diamonds less than 10.8 carats in size which did not meet characteristics for 

sale on Clara were sold through tender. 

HB Sales Arrangements 

At  December  31,  2023,  the  amount  of  diamond  sales  to  HB  that  was  considered  variable  was  $20.9  million 
(December 31, 2022: $36.9 million) and predominantly consisted of deliveries made in 2023. Variable consideration 
is a component of the transaction price and represents an area of significant management estimate and judgment.  
The variable consideration will be confirmed as the rough diamonds to which it relates are manufactured, polished, 
and sold.   

Clara 

In 2023, 17 sales (2022: 15 sales) took place with a total sales volume transacted of $18.5 million, a 48% decrease 
from  the  $35.7  million  transacted  in  2022.  A  large  trial  with  a  third-party  producer  accounted  for  the  change  in 
volume and value transacted, along with a shift in product mix at Karowe which had less goods eligible for sale on 
Clara. Goods which do not qualify for sale on Clara are sold through the tender process.  

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – KAROWE MINE 

Table 4:  

Sales 
Revenues from the sale of Karowe diamonds  
Karowe carats sold  

US$M 
Carats 

36.3 
111,523 

56.2 
111,673 

38.6 
72,717 

41.3 
83,374 

40.1 
81,264 

UNIT 

Q4-23 

Q3-23 

Q2-23 

Q1-23 

Q4-22 

Production 
Tonnes mined (ore) 
Tonnes mined (waste)  
Tonnes processed 
Average grade processed(1) 
Carats recovered(1) 

Costs 
Operating cost per tonne of ore processed(2) 

Capital Expenditures 
Sustaining capital expenditures  
Underground expansion project(3) 

(*) carats per hundred tonnes 

Tonnes 
Tonnes 
Tonnes 
cpht (*) 
Carats 

607,101 
456,880 
703,472 
14.0 
98,177 

869,188 
954,226 
724,640 
13.6 
98,311 

682,636 
907,051 
720,345 
12.6 
90,497 

541,400 
761,295 
700,678 
12.8 
89,640 

484,705 
199,385 
690,946 
12.5 
86,655 

US$ 

31.96 

28.62 

27.97 

26.65 

26.20 

US$M 
US$M 

8.0 
28.0 

3.2 
20.3 

2.4 
22.5 

0.8 
30.5 

9.9 
22.3 

(1)  Average grade processed is from direct milling carats and excludes carats recovered from re-processing historic recovery 

tailings from previous milling. 

(2)  Operating cost per tonne of ore processed is a non-IFRS measure.  See Table 8. 

(3) 

Includes qualifying borrowing cost capitalized. 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

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FOURTH QUARTER OVERVIEW – OPERATIONS - KAROWE DIAMOND MINE 

Safety: Karowe registered no lost time injuries during the three months ended December 31, 2023. As of December 
31, 2023, the mine had operated for over three years without a lost time injury. The twelve-month Total Recordable 
Injury Frequency Rate was 0.19 (Q4 2022: 0.40). 

Environment and Social:  

•  There were no reportable environmental matters during the fourth quarter of 2023. 

•  Work continues as part of Lucara Botswana’s adoption of the “Towards Sustainable Mining” initiative (an 
initiative developed by the Mining Association of Canada and adopted by the Botswana Chamber of Mines).  

• 

In Q4 2023, an ISO 45001 surveillance audit was completed, with high levels of compliance observed. 

•  The development and implementation of an updated tailings framework aligned to the Global International 
Standard  for  Tailings  Management  (“GISTM”)  continued.  In  accordance  with  GISTM,  a  site  visit  was 
conducted  by  a  three-person  Independent  Technical  Review  Board,  and  work  continues  toward  full 
implementation.  A  feasibility  study  commenced  for  the  Underground  Life  of  Mine  tailing  facility,  with 
expected completion in 2024.  

Production: Ore and waste mined during the fourth quarter of 2023 totaled 0.6 million tonnes and 0.5 million tonnes 
respectively.  During Q4 2023, tonnes processed was on target at 0.7 million tonnes at an average grade of 14.0 
cpht, with a total of 98,177 carats recovered from direct milling. Carats recovered from direct milling ore was 97% 
of  plan.  With  the  achievement  on  plan  in  the  fourth  quarter,  the  plant  hit  a  record  year  of  tonnes  milled.  Ore 
processed was 73% from the South Lobe, 22% from the Centre Lobe, and 5% from the North Lobe. Predominantly 
the feed has been from the South Lobe since the 2021 production year. 

Diamond Recoveries:  A total of 153 Specials were recovered, with one diamond greater than 100 carats in weight. 
Recovered Specials equated to 3.8% of the weight percentage of total recovered carats from ore processed during 
Q4 2023 (Q4 2022 – 8.6%).  

Karowe’s  operating  cash  cost:    Karowe’s  operating  cash  cost  for  Q4  2023  (see  “Use  of  Non-IFRS  Financial 
Performance Measures”) was $31.96 per tonne of ore processed (Q4 2022: $26.20 per tonne of ore processed), 
below  the  2023  annual  forecast  of  $32.50-$35.50  per  tonne  processed.  The  increase  in  cost  per  tonne  of  ore 
compared to the prior year processed reflects the greater total amount of mining completed in the fourth quarter 
(+56%) and higher costs incurred in the fourth quarter. The benefit of a comparatively stronger U.S. Dollar (+8%) 
was offset by cost inflation (-11%). A cost optimization process commenced in Q2 2023. 

Overall performance:  Mine performance during the fourth quarter remained consistent with the strong operational 
results achieved over the past several years. Mining and processing results were on plan for 2023. 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

12 | P a g e  

 
 
$ 

SELECT FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Table 5: 

In millions of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted 

Revenues 
Operating expenses 
Adjusted operating earnings(1) 
Royalty expenses 
Administration 
Exploration 
Sales and marketing 
Adjusted EBITDA(2) 
Depletion and amortization 
Finance expenses 
Foreign exchange loss  
(Loss) gain on derivative financial instrument 
Impairment of intangible asset 
Loss on disposal of assets 
Current income tax expense 
Deferred income tax expense  
Net (loss) income for the period 

(Loss) earnings per share (basic) 
Operating cash flow per share(3)  

2023 

177.4 
(78.6) 
98.8 
(20.1) 
(19.6) 
(1.2) 
(3.5) 
54.4 
(18.3) 
(4.5) 
(5.2) 
(1.7) 
(11.2) 
(0.9) 
(3.5) 
(29.3) 
(20.2) 

(0.04) 
0.11 

2022 

2021 

212.9 
(79.3) 
133.6 
(24.1) 
(19.1) 
(0.8) 
(2.9) 
86.7 
(25.0) 
(3.7) 
(3.9) 
10.7 
- 
- 
(0.3) 
(24.1) 
40.4 

0.09 
0.19 

230.1 
(80.3) 
149.8 
(24.9) 
(19.5) 
- 
(2.9) 
102.5 
(49.7) 
(3.7) 
(2.8) 
(0.9) 
- 
- 
(1.5) 
(20.1) 
23.8 

0.06 
0.24 

(1) Adjusted operating earnings is a non-IFRS measure defined as revenues less operating expenses and excludes  

royalty expenses and depletion and amortization. 

(2) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-IFRS measure defined as earnings before depletion and amortization, finance expenses, 

foreign exchange, financial instrument fair value adjustments, disposal of assets and taxation. 

(3) Operating cash flow per share is a non-IFRS measure.  See Non-IFRS Measures. 
(4) Numbers may not foot due to rounding. 

Revenues and royalties 

Total  revenue  decreased  17%,  from  $212.9  million  in  2022  to  $177.4  million  in  2023.  During  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023, Lucara recognized revenue of $172.4 million from the sale of 379,287 carats from Karowe 
(including top-up payments of $19.4 million) and generated $5.0 million from the sale of third-party goods on the 
Clara  platform.  In  comparison,  the  Company  achieved  total  revenues  of  $212.9  million  in  2022  which  included 
$165.4 million from the sale of 327,028 carats from Karowe, top-up payments of $38.4 million, and generated $9.1 
million in revenue from third party goods sold through the Clara platform. 

Royalties to the Government of Botswana are paid at the rate of 10% of the final gross sales price achieved from 
the sale of all diamonds, rough or polished.   

Adjusted Operating Earnings and Expenses 

Adjusted operating earnings for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $98.8 million (2022: $133.6 million) after 
operating  expenses  of  $78.6  million  (2022:  $79.3  million).  The  decrease  in  operating  expenses  is  attributed  to 
several variables: an 8% depreciation of the Botswana Pula against the U.S. dollar, decreased fuel costs beginning 
in Q2 2023 followed by high increases in Q3 2023, partially offset by the impact of higher labour and fuel costs. 
Carats sold increased by 15%. The proportion of total tonnes mined was higher in 2023 compared to 2022 (+20%) 
with a lower proportion of ore mined in 2023 compared to 2022 (-18%). Power cost increases that were anticipated 
did not materialize in 2023.  

Ore tonnes processed totalled 2,849,135 during 2023 was 3% higher than the 2,770,039 tonnes processed in 2022, 
and achieved a life of plant record for tonnes milled. The recovery of 376,625 carats from direct milled ore in 2023 
was 12% higher than the 335,769 carats recovered in 2022. This increase is attributed to a higher average grade 
in 2023 of 13.2 cpht (2022: 12.1 cpht). The mine call factor achieved in 2023 was 8% below plan.   

Adjusted Operating Earnings is a non-IFRS measure and is reconciled in Table 5: “Select Financial Information”. 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

13 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depletion and amortization 

In 2023, the Company recorded depletion and amortization expense of $18.3 million (2022: $25.0 million). This 
non-cash  expense  decreased  27%  from  the  comparative  period.  In  Q4  2022,  as  part  of  a  regular  review  of 
assumptions, the Company completed a reassessment of the useful life of all the plant and equipment assets.  The 
depletion and amortization expense on assets which are primarily amortized on a unit of production basis will be 
affected  by  both  the  volume  of  carats  recovered  in  any  given  period  and  the  reserves  that  are  expected  to  be 
recovered. Depletion and amortization expense on assets put into use on the Karowe UGP is capitalized to the 
project. The foreign exchange rate movement from the strengthening of the USD (+8%) also decreased the expense 
in 2023.  

Derivative financial instrument 

A $1.7 million loss on a derivative financial instrument (2022: gain of $10.7 million) relates to changes in the fair 
value  of  the  interest  rate  swap  in  response  to  changing  market  interest  rates  (see  Note  10  of  the  consolidated 
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023). The Company holds its interest rate swaps at fair 
value and as such, the movement in the fair value within any given period creates an adjustment to the Statement 
of Operations. As at December 31, 2023, the interest rate swaps were in an asset position, with a fair value of $8.1 
million (December 31, 2022: $9.8 million) on the Statements of Financial Position, with $3.0 million classified as a 
current asset based on the timing of expected settlement. 

Net loss 

Net  loss  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2023 was  $20.2  million  (2022:  net  income  of  $40.4  million) with  the 
change from the comparable period predominantly related to the decrease in net revenue, after royalties, of $31.5 
million, a change in tax position, an impairment of its intangible asset and a change in the fair value of the derivative 
financial instrument.  

As noted above, the derivative financial instrument generated a loss to the Company of $1.7 million, with a $12.4 
million change in the amount from a gain of $10.7 million in 2022 to a $1.7 million loss in 2023, contributed to the 
change in net income. The derivative remains in a positive position for the Company; however, the Statement of 
Income absorbs the volatility in the movement of the forward curve associated with the interest rate swap at any 
given point in time. 

During 2023, management identified impairment indicators with its mineral properties, plant and equipment, and its 
intangible  assets.  Management’s  impairment  evaluation  resulted  in  the  Company  recognizing  an  impairment  of 
intangible assets of $11.2 million in relation to the cash-generating unit of the Clara sales platform.  

Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depletion and Amortization (Adjusted EBITDA) 

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $54.4 million compared to $86.7 million in 2022. The 
change in earnings is directly attributable to the change in revenue, after royalties, of $31.5 million.  

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-IFRS measure and is reconciled in Table 5: “Select Financial Information”. 

Operating Cash Flow per Share 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, operating cash flow per share was $0.11 (2022: $0.19). The decrease in 
operating cash flow per share is primarily related to the decrease in revenue. The Company continues to generate 
a strong operating cash flow per share and generated an operating margin of 56% in 2023 (2022: 63%).  

Operating  cash  flow  per  share  is  a  non-IFRS  measure  and  is  reconciled  in  Table  7  below  to  the  most  directly 
comparable measure calculated in accordance with IFRS, which is cash flow from operating activities.  

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SELECT QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Table 6: The following table sets out selected consolidated financial information for each of the eight most recent 
completed quarters:  

Three months ended 

Dec-23 

Sep-23 

Jun-23 

Mar-23 

Dec-22 

Sep-22 

Jun-22 

Mar-22 

A.  Revenues 

B.  Administration expenses 

36,542 

(6,670) 

56,944 

41,125 

42,760 

42,465 

49,926 

52,348 

  68,195 

(6,768) 

(4,012) 

(3,417) 

(5,138) 

(4,220) 

(4,005) 

(5,756) 

C.  Net income  

(36,685) 

10,544 

4,996 

954 

7,103 

1,831 

12,532 

18,968 

D.  (Loss) earnings per share (basic)       (0.07) 

     0.02 

     0.01 

     0.00 

     0.02 

     0.00 

     0.03 

     0.04 

Quarterly revenue in the table above was recognized from three separate sales channels: through committed sales 
of  +10.8  carat  diamonds  to  HB,  sales  on  Clara,  the  Company’s  secure  web  based  digital  sales  platform,  and, 
through regular tenders of our smaller stones. Sales of Specials, but more particularly the unique and high value 
Specials are the primary factor causing variation to the quarterly metrics.  

Diamond prices improved significantly through late 2021 before peaking in Q1 2022. While softening from the peak, 
diamond prices remained strong through most of 2022 in response to supply constraints in certain size classes and 
strong  demand,  despite  ongoing  economic  and  other  uncertainties.  Lower  revenue  in  2023  resulted  from  a 
combination of weaker prices, lower recoveries of Specials and plant feed (more Centre and North lobe ore in 2023). 

Net income achieved in each quarter is most impacted by the revenue earned during that quarter, while the impact 
of  changes  in  depreciation,  fluctuating  inventory  levels,  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses,  the  gain  or  loss  on 
derivative financial instruments, and income tax expenses introduce volatility to net income.  

NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES 

This MD&A refers to certain financial measures, such as adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating earnings, operating 
cash flow per share, and operating cost per tonne of ore processed, which are not measures recognized under 
IFRS and do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS. These measures may differ from those made 
by other corporations and accordingly may not be comparable to such measures as reported by other corporations. 
These measures have been derived from the Company’s financial statements, and applied on a consistent basis, 
because the Company believes they are of assistance in the understanding of the results of operations and financial 
position. 

Adjusted EBITDA (see Table 5: “Select Financial Information”) is the term the Company uses as an approximate 
measure of the Company’s pre-tax operating cash flow and is generally used to measure performance and evaluate 
trends  of  individual  assets.  Adjusted  EBITDA  comprises  earnings  before  depletion  and  amortization,  finance 
expenses, foreign exchange, financial instrument fair value adjustments, disposal of assets and taxation. 

Adjusted  operating  earnings  (see  Table  5:  “Select  Financial  Information”)  is  the  term  the  Company  uses  as  an 
approximate measure of the earnings from the operations under an accrual basis of accounting and is defined as 
revenues less operating expenses, before royalty expenses and depletion and amortization. 

Operating  cash  flow  per  share  is  the  term  the  Company  uses  to  assess  its  ability  to  generate  cash  flow  from 
operations,  while  also  taking  into  consideration  changes  in  the  number  of  outstanding  common  shares  of  the 
Company.  Operating cash flow per share is calculated by taking cash flows from operating activities, less changes 
in non-cash working capital items, divided by the basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  
The most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with IFRS is cash flows from operating activities.  

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Table 7: Operating cash flow per share reconciliation:  

Thousands of U.S. dollars except weighted average common shares outstanding and operating cash flow per share 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Add: Changes in non-cash working capital 
Total cash flow from operating                                                  

$ 

Three months ended  
December 31, 
2022 
17,007 
(5,022) 

            2023 
17,774 
(19,152) 

Year ended  
December 31, 
2022 
96,233 
(8,298) 

            2023 
63,357 
(14,141) 

activities before changes in non-cash 
working capital 

Weighted average common shares 

outstanding 

(1,378) 

11,985 

49,216 

87,935 

455,863,045 

453,566,923 

454,781,585 

453,479,480 

Operating cash flow per share(1) 

$ 

0.00 

$            0.03 

$            0.11 

$            0.19 

(1) Operating cash flow per share for the period is a non-IFRS measure defined as cash flows from operating activities, less changes in non-cash 
working capital items, divided by the basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. 

Operating cost per tonne of ore processed is the term the Company uses to describe operating expenses per tonne 
processed on a cash basis. This is calculated as the operating cost of the Karowe Mine divided by tonnes of ore 
processed  for  the  period. This  ratio  provides  the  user  with  the  total  cash  costs  incurred  by  the  mine  during  the 
period per  tonne  of  ore  processed,  including waste capitalisation costs,  mobilization  costs  and  working  capital 
movements. The most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with IFRS is operating expenses. 

Table 8: Operating cost per tonne of ore processed reconciliation: 

In millions of U.S. dollars except for tonnes processed and operating cost per tonne processed 

Operating expenses 
Corporate and other segment operating 

$ 

expenses(1) 

Three months ended  
December 31, 
2022 
$             18.5 

            2023 
22.3 

            2023 
$             78.6 

Year ended  
December 31, 
2022 
$             79.3 

(0.4) 

                 (2.8) 

                 (5.4) 

                 (9.5) 

Net change rough diamond inventory,                                                       

0.2 

                2.8 

                1.1 

                3.1 

excluding depletion and amortization 

Net change ore stockpile inventory, 

excluding depletion and amortization 

Total operating costs for ore processed 

Tonnes processed 

Operating cost per tonne of ore 

processed(2) 

$ 

$ 

0.4 

                (0.4) 

                7.6 

                4.5 

22.5 

              18.1 

              81.9 

              77.4 

703,472 

690,946 

2,849,135 

2,770,039 

31.96 

$             26.20 

$             28.75 

$             27.94 

(1) Calculated as the difference between Revenue and Loss from Operations of the Corporate and other segment, excluding depletion and 

amortization. See Note 20 – Segment Information in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

(3)  Operating cost per tonne processed for the period is a non-IFRS measure defined as the sum of operating expenses, capitalized 
production stripping costs, and the net changes in rough diamond inventories and ore stockpiles divided by the tonnes of ore 
processed for the period. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 

As at December 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $13.3 million.  Cash flow from operating 
activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 totalled $63.4 million.   

Working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) as at December 31, 2023 was a deficit of $16.6 million as 
compared to $40.5 million as at December 31, 2022, a decrease reflective of the increase in current liabilities and 
reclassification from cash to long-term other assets of $18.0 million funded to the COF.  

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Trade and other receivables (December 31, 2023: $35.0 million; December 31, 2022: $33.1 million) increased due 
to timing of payments received from the sales of large stones to HB and an increase in the amount of value-added 
and income taxes receivable due from Botswana Unified Revenue Service. The receivable balance at December 
31, 2023 includes $13.0 million (December 31, 2022: $18.8 million) due from HB and represents rough diamond 
sales in 2023, as well as the value of diamond sales for which the transaction price was finalized and adjusted in 
December 2023 or top-ups. All amounts receivable from HB are current and received as due following year-end.  

Current liabilities increased to $102.5 million as of December 31, 2023 from $59.9 million at December 31, 2022. 
The Company had $35.0 million drawn on its short-term financing facilities, an increase of $19.7 million from the 
$15.3 million drawn at December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company received 
prepayments  of  $8.0  million  towards  the  future  sale  of  Sethunya  from  HB.  These  amounts,  combined  with 
prepayments of $12.0 million received in H2 2022 are classified as deferred revenue. Increases in trade payables 
and  accrued  liabilities  and  the  timing  of  royalty  payments  contributed  to  the  increase  in  current  liabilities  as  of 
December 31, 2023.  

At December 31, 2023, the Company had a $50.0 million WCF, of which $35.0 million was outstanding. Following 
the Rebase Amendments, the Company reduced the size of the WCF to $30.0 million and had drawn $15.0 million 
from the WCF, with $20.0 million transferred to the Project Loan.  

The Company is required to place $61.7 million in the COF as a condition of the Facilities prior to June 30, 2025. 
The Facilities Agreement includes specific provisions for how and when these funds may be released from the COF. 
The COF balance was $18.6 million as at December 31, 2023, and the current balance of the COF stands at $36.9 
million. The Company plans to fill the required balance with the proceeds from the sale of exceptional stones and 
excess cashflow from operations. This amount is classified within other non-current assets on the Statement of 
Financial Position.   

Under the terms of the Rebase Amendments to the Project Loan, the Company’s largest shareholder, Nemesia, 
provided a limited standby undertaking of up to $63.0 million. The standby undertaking consists of two components: 
i) an undertaking to support the requirement to fill the COF to $61.7 million ($28.1 million at the effectiveness of the 
Rebase  Amendments)  by  June  30,  2025  and  ii)  in  the  event  of  a  funding  shortfall,  support  up  to  $35.0  million 
occurring up to project completion.  

In connection with the Rebase Amendments, Nemesia also provided a liquidity support guarantee of up to $15.0 
million in aggregate in the event the Company’s cash balance decreases below $10.0 million while discussions with 
the Lenders were ongoing. During Q4 2023, the full liquidity guarantee of $15.0 million was drawn, and Nemesia 
was  issued  450,000  common  shares  as  consideration  for  this  funding.  Future  share  issuances  are  required  for 
interest payments. For each $500,000 drawn down under the standby undertaking, the Company will be required 
to issue 5,000 common shares per month to Nemesia until the amounts borrowed are repaid. 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  a  total  of  1,027,500  common  shares  were  issued  to  Nemesia  for 
providing the liquidity guarantee and as interest payments under the debenture. 

See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further details 
of the Company’s liquidity position. 

Long-term liabilities consist of the  Project Loan of $86.5 million (December 31, 2022: $62.2 million), restoration 
provisions of $13.7 million (December 31, 2022: $13.6 million), deferred income taxes of $112.8 million (December 
31, 2022: $87.8 million), due to related parties (liquidity guarantee) of $15.0 million (December 31, 2022: $nil), and 
other non-current liabilities of $3.2 million (December 31, 2022: $2.3 million) which consist of leases classified under 
IFRS 16: Leases and a liability for deferred share unit grants.  

Financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of draws from the project financing facility 
of $25.0 million, draws from the working capital facilities of $19.7 million, draw from the liquidity guarantee of $15.0 
million, and principal payments on leases and withholding taxes on share units totaling $2.0 million.  

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Total shareholders’ equity decreased to $242.1 million from $270.1 million at December 31, 2022. The decrease 
resulted  from  a  net  loss  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  and  a  decrease  in  the  currency  translation 
adjustment.  Other  changes  to  share  capital  and  contributed  surplus  were  related  to  the  issuance  of  shares  to 
Nemesia for providing the liquidity support guarantee, share units vesting and share-based compensation recorded 
during the period.   

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

A description of key management compensation can be found in Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements 
for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

In  relation  to the  acquisition  of  Clara  in February  2018,  certain  related  parties may receive additional  shares  of 
Lucara if Clara, now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lucara, achieves certain levels of revenue generated by sales 
on the platform (the “Performance Milestones”).  The Performance Milestones are detailed in Notes 9 and 19 of the 
consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.  As of December 31, 2023, none of the 
Performance Milestones had been achieved. 

A profit-sharing mechanism also exists, whereby a total of 3.45% of the EBITDA generated by the platform has 
been assigned to a former director and officer of Lucara and a director of Lucara, both founders of Clara.  A further 
3.22%  of  the  EBITDA  generated  by  the  platform  may  be  distributed  to  a  member  and  former  member  of 
management,  at  the  discretion  of  Lucara’s  Compensation  Committee,  based  on  the  achievement  of  key 
performance targets. As at December 31, 2023, no amounts have been paid under this profit sharing mechanism 
to date 

COMMITMENTS 

As  at  December  31,  2023,  purchase  orders  and  contracts  that  give  rise  to  commitments  for  future  minimum 
payments for services to be provided related to the Karowe UGP amounted to $77.2 million (December 31, 2022 - 
$111.5 million). 

Table 9: Approximate undiscounted timing of Karowe UGP commitments at December 31, 2023:  

Underground expansion project 

$ million 

2024 OUTLOOK 

2024 

36.3 

2025 

24.2 

2026 

12.7 

2027 and 
2028 

4.0 

Total 

77.2 

This section of the MD&A provides management's production and cost estimates for 2024.  These are “forward-
looking  statements”  and  subject  to  the  cautionary  note  regarding  the  risks  associated  with  forward-looking 
statements.  Diamond  revenue  guidance  does  not  include  revenue  related  to  the  sale  of  exceptional  stones  (an 
individual rough diamond which sells for more than $10.0 million), or the Sethunya. No changes have been made 
to the guidance released in November 2023.  

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Karowe Mine, Botswana 
Table 10: 2024 Diamond Sales, Production and Outlook  

Karowe Diamond Mine  
In millions of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted 
Diamond revenue (millions)  
Diamond sales (thousands of carats) 
Diamonds recovered (thousands of carats) 
Ore tonnes mined (millions) 
Waste tonnes mined (millions) 
Ore tonnes processed (millions) 
Total operating cash costs(1) including waste mined (per tonne processed) 
Underground Project 
Sustaining capital 
Average exchange rate – Botswana Pula per United States Dollar 

2024 
Full Year 
$220 to $250 
345 to 375  
345 to 375 
2.8 to 3.2 
0.8 to 1.4  
2.6 to 2.9 
$28.50 to $33.50 
Up to $100 million 
Up to $10 million 
12.5 

(1) Operating cash costs are a non-IFRS measure.  See “Use of Non-IFRS Performance Measures”. 

In 2024, the Company’s revenue forecast assumes that 87% of the carats recovered will come from the higher 
value M/PK(S) and EM/PK(S) units within the South Lobe and the remaining carats recovered will come from the 
Centre Lobe in accordance with the mine plan, generating revenue between $220 and $250 million. South Lobe 
material, while lower grade than the Centre and North Lobes, has a higher weight percentage of stones greater 
than 10.8 carats in size. 

The Company plans to use its sales channels to maximize revenue and generate consistent cash flow to support 
the Company’s operations and its investment in the underground expansion project. The Company expects to seek 
opportunities to sell its higher value Specials through agreements whereby the rough stones are manufactured, 
giving the Company exposure to polished prices and regular cash flow from the highest value portion of the Karowe 
production. Quarterly tenders and regular sales through Clara, primarily for stones smaller than 10.8 carats in size 
will continue.  

In 2024, the Company expects to mine between 3.6 and 4.6 million tonnes, of which ore tonnes mined represent 
approximately three quarters of total tonnes mined. The assumptions for carats recovered and sold as well as the 
number of ore tonnes processed are consistent with achieved plant performance in recent years. A portion of the 
tonnes  mined  in  2024  will  be  stockpiled,  prior  to  the  end  of  open  pit  mining  in  mid-2025.  Stockpiled  material  is 
planned to be processed between 2025 to 2027 before the mine transitions to underground operations. Ore from 
the underground development is expected to supplement lower grade stockpile material, primarily from the upper 
benches of the South lobe, during the transition to underground, beginning in 2027. 

In 2024, capital costs for the UGP  are expected to  be up to $100 million and will focus predominantly on shaft 
sinking activities and station development. Surface works will focus on completing the construction of the bulk air 
cooler and installation of the cage winder. Tendering the underground development contract along with underground 
equipment purchases are also included in the 2024 project plan. 

Sustaining capital and project expenditures are expected to be up to $10 million with a focus on replacement and 
refurbishment of key asset components in addition to dewatering activities, and an expansion of the tailings storage 
facility in accordance with Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management.    

COVID-19 GLOBAL PANDEMIC, ECONOMIC AND GEOPOLITICAL RISKS 

While the potential risks associated with COVID-19 are less impactful than in recent years, the ongoing Russian 
military invasion of Ukraine, conflict in Gaza-Israel, and other geopolitical risks mean that circumstances remain 
dynamic and other challenges, including high inflation and the possibility of a global recession, make the impact on 
our financial position or operations difficult to reasonably estimate.  It remains possible for Lucara’s operations to 
be impacted in several ways including, but not limited to, a suspension of operations at the Karowe Mine, increased 
prices  for  fuel,  power,  and  other  commodities,  disruptions  to  supply  chains,  worker  absenteeism  due  to  illness, 
disruption to the progress of the Karowe Mine underground expansion project, and an inability to ship or sell rough 
and/or polished diamonds. Increased prices for fuel, power, and other commodities may have adverse impacts on 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

19 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the Company’s cost of doing business. The Company cannot accurately predict the impact that ongoing conflicts, 
or the prevailing global economic uncertainty, will have on its financial position or operations. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

In the normal course of business, the Company is inherently exposed to currency and commodity price risk, as well 
as inflation. The Company’s financial instruments are exposed to certain financial risks, including currency, liquidity, 
credit, interest, and price risks. 

Currency risk 

The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to fluctuating foreign exchange rates. All sales revenues are 
denominated in U.S. dollars, while directly related costs are denominated in Botswana Pula. At December 31, 2023, 
the Company was exposed to currency risk relating to U.S. dollar cash held within its subsidiaries with Canadian or 
Pula functional currency. Based on this exposure, a 10% change in the U.S. dollar exchange rate would give rise 
to an increase/decrease of approximately $3.2 million in net income for the period. 

Liquidity risk  

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. To 
manage  liquidity  risk,  regular  cash  flow  forecasting  is  performed  in  the  operating  entities  of  the  Company  and 
aggregated in the head office to understand what level of capital is required. Rolling forecasts of the Company’s 
liquidity requirements are prepared and monitored to assess whether there is sufficient cash available to meet the 
Company’s  short  and  longer-term  operational  needs.  Such  forecasting  takes  into  consideration  the  Company’s 
ability to generate cash from the sale of diamonds and potential sources of additional liquidity. 

Subsequent to December 31, 2023, as part of the Rebase Amendments, the Company received an extension on 
its WCF to June 30, 2031 and the amount of the WCF was amended to $30.0 million. Historically, the Company 
has used the WCF to manage its short-term working capital requirements.  

As a condition of the Facilities Agreement, the Company is required to place $61.7 million in the COF by June 30, 
2025.  The Facilities Agreement includes specific provisions for how and when these funds may be released. As at 
December 31, 2023, the COF balance was $18.6 million. This amount is classified within other non-current assets.  

Further  details  regarding  the  Company’s  liquidity  risk  are  disclosed  under  the  heading  “Liquidity  and  Capital 
Resources” and in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its 
contractual obligations. The Company limits its credit exposure on cash and cash equivalents by holding its deposits 
with  international  financial  institutions  with  strong  investment-grade  ratings.  Considering  the  nature  of  the 
Company’s ultimate customers and the relevant terms and conditions with such customers, the Company believes 
that credit risk is limited as goods are not released until full payment is received when goods are sold through tender 
or on Clara.  

On September 28, 2023, the Company terminated the sales agreement with HB. The termination increased the 
credit risk on amounts due from HB. Under the terms of this sales agreement, a larger proportion of the Company’s 
goods, by value, were sold through HB to buyers of polished diamonds. The credit risk associated with these sales 
was concentrated with HB, a single customer, and payment terms were longer (60 to 120 days) than the Company’s 
traditional tender sales and sales held through Clara (5 days). The Company maintained legal title over goods sold 
to  HB  until  the  initial  determined  estimated  polished  price  was  paid  and  monitored  outstanding  amounts  for 
collectability. All amounts are current at December 31, 2023. As goods continue through the manufacturing process 
with HB, further receivable may result as the Company has a contractual right to future top-up payments for stones 
delivered prior to termination of the agreement.  The carrying amount of financial assets recorded in the financial 
statements, net of any allowance for losses, represents the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk. 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows or a financial instrument will fluctuate because of 
changes in the market interest rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates 
primarily to the credit facility obligations that reference floating interest rates. 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

20 | P a g e  

 
 
The Company mitigates interest rate risk on its Project Loan through interest rate swaps that exchange the variable 
rate inherent in the term debt for a fixed rate (see Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements for the year 
ended December 31, 2023). Therefore, fluctuations in market interest rates should not materially impact future cash 
flows  related  to  the  credit  facilities.  Changes  in  the  fair  value  of  the  derivative  financial  instrument  will  however 
fluctuate in response to changing market interest rates that will result in a corresponding credit or charge to profit. 

As described above in the section “Interest Rate Swaps”, in December 2021 the Company entered into contracts 
to exchange the variable interest rate (three-month USD LIBOR; amended to Term SOFR) for a fixed interest rate 
of 1.682% on 75% of its expected borrowings from the Project Loan (approximately $127.5 million).  Interest rates 
increased  rapidly  through  2022.  The  Company  is  exposed  to  these  interest  rate  increases  through  25%  of  its 
expected borrowings from the Project Loan, any amounts drawn from its $50 million WCF and from its $4 million 
Clara Facility, each of which remain subject to market interest rates (Term SOFR).  Higher interest rates decrease 
the amount of cash flow available for other uses. 

Price risk  

The Company derives its income from the sale of rough diamonds mined in Botswana and margin earned on the 
sale  of  rough  diamonds  sold  through  Clara.  The  price  and  marketability  of  these  diamonds  can  be  significantly 
impacted by international economic trends, global or regional consumption, demand and supply patterns and the 
availability of capital for diamond manufacturers, all factors that are not within the Company’s control. Under the 
sales arrangements with the HB, the ultimate achieved sales prices of stones larger than 10.8 carats in size was 
based on a polished diamond pricing mechanism. This pricing mechanism resulted in the Company’s revenue being 
exposed to a greater extent to the price movements in the polished diamond market than through its traditional 
tender process for rough diamonds. The pricing of both polished and rough diamonds softened in the first half of 
2023 following significant price improvements between late 2021 and mid-2022. 

To  the  extent  that  the  supply  of  rough  or  polished  diamonds  exceeds  demand,  this  is  likely  to  result  in  price 
deterioration which could have a negative impact on the Company’s revenue and ability to generate positive cash 
flow from operations. The Company is expecting to use excess cash flow from operations, on combination with the 
Project Loan, to fund the $683 million estimated capital cost for the Karowe UGP. 

OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA 

As at the date of this MD&A, the Company had 458,077,393 common shares outstanding, 3,614,000 share units, 
3,172,156 deferred share units, and 6,544,000 stock options outstanding under its share-based incentive plans.  

SUBSEQUENT EVENT 

On February 18, 2024, the Company announced the signing of a New Diamond Sales Agreement (“NDSA”) with 
HB in respect of all qualifying diamonds produced in excess of 10.8 carats in size from the Karowe Mine. The 
NDSA  is  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Company's  project  lenders  and  the  Government  of  the  Republic  of 
Botswana.  Upon  such  approval  the  agreement  terms  will  be  effective  retroactively  from  December  1,  2023. 
Since that time, Lucara has continued to supply qualifying rough diamonds to HB in order to fund its operations 
and the Karowe UGP. 

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The  operations  of  the  Company  are  speculative  due  to  the  high-risk  nature  of  its  business  which  includes  the 
acquisition,  financing,  exploration,  development  and  operation  of  diamond  properties,  the  construction  of  an 
underground mine at Karowe and the growth of Clara. The material risk factors and uncertainties, which should be 
considered in assessing the Company’s activities, are described under the heading “Risks and Uncertainties” in 
the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form which is available at http://www.sedar.com (the “AIF”) with 
the addition of the following risks.  Any one or more of these risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse 
effect on the Company. 

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Access to Capital and Financing Requirements, Liquidity Risk  
The Underground Project has an updated capital cost of $683 million. The Company expects to use a combination 
of cash flow from operations and external financing for this expansion project and as such a substantial portion of 
the Company’s revenues and cash flows are committed to the Underground Project at the Karowe Mine.  

On  January  9,  2024,  the  Company  announced  that  it  has  signed  the  Rebase  Amendments  in  relation  to  the 
Facilities. While the total quantum of the Facilities has not changed, the repayment profile has been extended in 
line with the rebase schedule released July 17, 2023, and the maturity of the WCF has been extended to June 30, 
2031.  

To the extent that Lucara does not generate sufficient revenues and operating cash flow to satisfy its obligations in 
connection with the UGP and its debt obligations, including the fulfillment of the COF, it will require additional capital. 
The shareholder limited standby undertaking of up to $63.0 million may be called upon. If the amounts under the 
shareholder limited standby undertaking were not sufficient, it will require additional capital. If the Company raises 
additional capital by issuing equity, such financing may dilute the interests of shareholders and reduce the value of 
their investment. Moreover, Lucara may not be successful in locating suitable additional or alternate financing when 
required or at all or, if available, may incur substantial fees and costs and the terms of such financing might not be 
favourable to the Company. A failure to raise capital when needed could have a material adverse effect on Lucara’s 
business, financial condition, and results of operations. Failure to obtain any financing necessary for our capital 
expenditure plans may result in a delay or indefinite postponement of exploration, development activities related to 
the Karowe UGP, or production from the Karowe Mine.     

If the  Karowe UGP is delayed for any number of reasons, the overall cost of the Karowe UGP could materially 
increase,  and  the  completion  of  the  Karowe  UGP  could  be  materially  delayed  or  prevented  from  reaching 
completion. If the Karowe UGP is materially delayed or impeded, the Company will not be able to extend the life of 
the Karowe Mine and future financial performance and the Company’s share price would be materially negatively 
impacted. 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS 

Except for short-term leases with a term of 12 months or less, the Company is not party to any off-balance sheet 
arrangements. 

ANNUAL MEETING INFORMATION 

The Company’s annual general meeting of shareholders will be held on May 10, 2024 in Vancouver, Canada. 

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no changes to the accounting policies described in Note 4 
of the audited consolidated financial statements. 

Certain  pronouncements  have  been  issued  by  the  IASB  that  are  mandatory  for  accounting  periods  starting 
January 1, 2024. There are currently no such pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on 
the Company's consolidated financial statements upon adoption. 

MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Management is responsible for the preparation of this document along with the audited consolidated financial 
statements.  Management  is  responsible  for  the  integrity  and  objectivity  of  this  document,  ensuring  the  fair 
presentation  of  its  financial  results.  The  Audit  Committee  is  responsible  for  reviewing  the  contents  of  this 
document along with the audited consolidated financial statements to ensure the reliability and timeliness of the 
Company’s  disclosure  while  providing  another  level  of  review  for  accuracy  and  oversight.  The  Board  of 
Directors,  based  on  recommendations  from  Lucara’s  Audit  Committee,  reviews  and  approves  the  financial 
information contained in the audited consolidated financial statements and the MD&A. 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

22 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INTERNAL FINANCIAL REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE CONTROLS 

Disclosure controls and procedures 

Disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  all  material  information 
related to the Company is identified and communicated on a timely basis.  Management of the Company, under the 
supervision of the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), is responsible for the 
design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures.  

Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of 
the  design  and  operation of  the  Company’s  disclosure controls  and  procedures.  As  of December 31,  2023,  the 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have each concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls 
and procedures, as defined in NI 52-109 - Certification of Disclosure in Issuer’s Annual and Interim Filings, are 
effective to achieve the purpose for which they have been designed. 

Internal controls over financial reporting 

Internal controls over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS.  Management  is  also 
responsible  for  the  design  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external 
purposes in accordance with IFRS.  However, due to inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting 
may not prevent or detect all misstatements and fraud.  

The  Company’s  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  include  policies  and  procedures  that:  pertain  to  the 
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of 
assets;  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  the 
financial statements in accordance with IFRS and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance 
with  authorization  of  management  and  directors  of  the  Company;  and  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material 
effect on the financial statements. 

Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of 
the design and operation of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. As of December 31, 2023, the 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have each concluded that the Company’s internal controls over 
financial reporting, as defined in NI 52-109 - Certification of Disclosure in Issuer’s Annual and Interim Filings, are 
effective to achieve the purpose for which they have been designed. 

Because  of  their  inherent  limitations,  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  can  provide  only  reasonable 
assurance  and  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  Furthermore,  projections  of  any  evaluation  of 
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS  

Certain of the statements made in this MD&A contain certain “forward-looking information” and “forward-looking 
statements” as defined in applicable securities laws. Generally, any statements that express or involve discussions 
with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events or 
performance  and  often  (but  not  always)  using  forward-looking  terminology  such  as  “expects”,  “is  expected”, 
“anticipates”, “believes”, “plans”, “projects”, “estimates”, “budgets”, “scheduled”, “forecasts”, “assumes”, “intends”, 
“strategy”, “goals”, “objectives”, “potential”, “possible” or variations thereof or stating that certain actions, events, 
conditions or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “should”, “might” or “will” be taken, occur or be achieved, or the negative 
of any of these terms and similar expressions) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking 
statements. 

In  particular,  forward-looking  information  and  forward-looking  statements  may  include,  but  are  not  limited  to, 
information or statements with respect to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, the project schedule 
and capital costs for the Karowe UGP, the diamond sales, projection and outlook disclosure under “2024 Outlook”, 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

23 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the Company’s ability to meet its obligations under the Rebase Amendments with its Lenders, the Company’s ability 
to  fill  the  COF,  the  impact  of  supply  and  demand  of  rough  or  polished  diamonds,  expectations  regarding  top-up 
values, estimated capital costs, the timing, scope and cost of additional grouting events at the Karowe UGP, the 
Company’s ability to comply with the terms of the Facilities which are required to construct the Karowe UGP, including 
future funding requirements to the COF, that expected cash flow from operations, combined with external financing 
will be sufficient to complete construction of the  Karowe UGP, that the estimated timelines to achieve mine ramp up 
and full production from the Karowe UGP can be achieved, that sufficient stockpiled ore will be available to generate 
revenue prior to the achievement of commercial production of the Karowe underground mine, the economic potential 
of a mineralized area, the size and tonnage of a mineralized area, anticipated sample grades or bulk sample diamond 
content, expectations that the Karowe UGP will extend mine life, forecasts of additional revenues, future production 
activity, that depletion and amortization expense on assets will be affected by both the volume of carats recovered 
in any given period and the reserves that are expected to be recovered, the future price and demand for, and supply 
of, diamonds, expectations regarding the scheduling of activities for the Karowe UGP in 2024, future forecasts of 
revenue and variable consideration in determining revenue, the impact of the termination of the HB sales agreement 
on the Company’s projected revenue and sales channels,  the outcome of tax assessments and the likelihood of 
recoverability of tax payments made, estimation of mineral resources, exploration and development plans, cost and 
timing  of  the  development  of  deposits  and  estimated  future  production,  interest  rates,  including  expectations 
regarding the impact of market interest rates on future cash flows and the fair value of derivative financial instructions, 
currency  exchange  rates,  rates  of  inflation,  success  of  exploration,  credit  risk,  price  risk,  requirements  for  and 
availability of additional capital, capital expenditures, operating costs, timing of completion of technical reports and 
studies,  production  and  cost  estimates,  tax  rates,  timing  of  drill  programs,  government  regulation  of  operations, 
environmental  risks  and  ability  to  comply  with  all  environmental  regulations,  reclamation  expenses,  title  matters 
including disputes or claims, limitations on insurance coverage, the profitability of Clara and the Clara Platform, and 
the scaling of the digital platform for the sale of rough diamonds owned by Clara, expectations regarding the Clara 
platform’s growth, the expected use of the Clara Facility, that the Company intends to continue to seek additional 
supply, both from third-party producers and the secondary market for Clara, and the potential impacts of COVID-19, 
economic and geopolitical risks, including potential impacts from the Russian military invasion of Ukraine and the 
escalating conflict between Israel and Hamas.   

Forward-looking information and statements are based on the opinions and estimates of management as of the 
date such statements are made, and they are subject to several known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other 
factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different 
from any future results, performance or achievement expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The 
Company believes that expectations reflected in this forward-looking information are reasonable, but no assurance 
can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct.  Certain risks which could impact the Company are 
discussed under the heading “Risks and Uncertainties” in this MD&A and in the Company’s most recent Annual 
Information Form available at http://www.sedar.com (the “AIF”). 

The  foregoing  is  not  exhaustive  of  the  factors  that  may  affect  any  of  our  forward-looking  statements.  Forward-
looking statements are statements about the future and are inherently uncertain, and our actual achievements or 
other future events or conditions may differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements due to 
a variety of risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including, without limitation, those referred to in this MD&A. 

Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results 
to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause actions, 
events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. The forward-looking statements contained in this 
MD&A are based on the beliefs, expectations, and opinions of management as of the date of this MD&A. There can 
be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could 
differ  materially  from  those  anticipated  in  such  statements.  Accordingly,  readers  and  investors  should  not  place 
undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking information and statements are made as of the date 
of  this  MD&A  and  accordingly  are  subject  to  change  after  such  date.  Except  as  required  by  law,  the  Company 
disclaims any obligation to revise any forward-looking information and statements to reflect events or circumstances 
after  the  date  of  such  information  and  statements.  All  forward-looking  information  and  statements  contained  or 
incorporated by reference in this MD&A are qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements. 

L u c a r a   D i a m o n d   C o r p .  

24 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements  
For the year ended December 31, 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report 

To the Shareholders of Lucara Diamond Corp. 

Our opinion 

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of Lucara Diamond Corp. and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as at 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (IFRS). 

What we have audited 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements comprise: 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2023 and 2022; 

the consolidated statements of operations for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years then ended; and 

the notes to the consolidated financial statements, comprising material accounting policy information 
and other explanatory information. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of 
the consolidated financial statements section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion. 

Independence 
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada. We have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in accordance with these requirements. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
250 Howe Street, Suite 1400, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 3S7 
T: +1 604 806 7000, F: +1 604 806 7806, ca_vancouver_main_fax@pwc.com 

PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

 
Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Impairment test of mineral properties and 
related construction assets and plant and 
equipment for the Karowe Mine cash generating 
unit (Karowe CGU) 

Refer to note 3 – Significant accounting judgments, 
estimates and assumptions, note 4 – Summary of 
material accounting policies and Note 24 - 
Impairment test - Karowe mine to the consolidated 
financial statements. 

As at December 31, 2023, the total net book value 
of mineral properties and related construction 
assets and plant and equipment amounted to 
$286.3 million and $125.9 million, respectively, 
which relates to the Karowe CGU. When 
impairment indicators exist, an impairment 
assessment is conducted at the level of the CGU (a 
group of assets that generate independent cash 
inflows). An impairment loss is recognized for the 
amount by which the CGU’s carrying amount 
exceeds its recoverable amount. 

During the year, management identified impairment 
indicators due to the update to the Underground 
Expansion project (UGP) schedule that extended 
the anticipated duration of construction and 
increased the estimated capital cost. As a result, 
management performed an impairment test of the 
Karowe CGU as of June 30, 2023. The recoverable 
amount of the Karowe CGU is based on the 
discounted projected after-tax cash flows expected 

Our approach to addressing the matter included the 
following procedures, among others:  

● 

Tested how management determined the 
recoverable amount of the Karowe CGU, 
which included the following: 

–  Tested the appropriateness of the 
discounted cash flow model. 

–  Tested underlying data used in the 
discounted cash flow model.  

–  Evaluated the reasonableness of 

significant assumptions by (i) comparing 
the production costs and future sustaining 
capital expenditures to recent actual 
production and sustaining capital 
expenditures incurred; (ii) comparing 
exchange rates with external market and 
industry data; and (iii) assessing whether 
these assumptions were consistent with 
evidence obtained in other areas of 
the audit. 

–  The work of management’s experts was 
used in performing the procedures to 
evaluate the reasonableness of the 
significant assumptions which included 
economically recoverable reserves, 
diamond prices and the capital 
expenditure to complete development of 
the UGP. As a basis for using this work, 
the competence, capabilities and 

 
objectivity of management’s experts was 
evaluated, the work performed was 
understood and the appropriateness of the 
work as audit evidence was evaluated. 
The procedures performed also included 
evaluation of the methods and 
assumptions used by management’s 
experts, tests of the data used by 
management’s experts and an evaluation 
of their findings. 

–  Professionals with specialized skill and 

knowledge in the field of valuation assisted 
in evaluating the reasonableness of the 
discount rate. 

● 

Tested the disclosures, including the 
sensitivity analysis, made in the 
consolidated financial statements with 
regard to the impairment test for the 
Karowe CGU. 

to be derived from the mining properties and 
represents the CGU fair value less cost of disposal. 

The determination of the recoverable amount 
calculated using a discounted cash flow model 
included the following significant assumptions: 
economically recoverable reserves, diamond 
prices, the capital expenditure to complete 
development of the UGP, future sustaining capital 
expenditures, production costs, exchange rates 
and discount rate.  

Management’s estimates of the economically 
recoverable reserves, diamond prices and the 
capital expenditure to complete development of the 
UGP are based on information compiled by 
qualified persons (management’s experts). 

As of June 30, 2023, no impairment charge was 
required for the Karowe CGU because its 
recoverable amount exceeded the carrying amount. 

We considered this a key audit matter due to the 
significant judgment by management in estimating 
the recoverable amount of the Karowe CGU, and a 
high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and 
effort in performing procedures and evaluating 
management’s assumptions. The audit effort 
involved the use of professionals with specialized 
skill and knowledge in the field of valuation.      

Other information 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis. 

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other 
information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise 
appears to be materially misstated. 

 
If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the 
consolidated financial statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary 
to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the 
Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as 
a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report 
that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a 
material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered 
material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

● 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether 
due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit 
evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a 
material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may 
involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. 

●  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that 

are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. 

●  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

 
●  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, 
based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If 
we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report 
to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the 
date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to 
continue as a going concern. 

●  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, 

including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying 
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

●  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 

business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. 
We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely 
responsible for our audit opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control 
that we identify during our audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that 
were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are 
therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation 
precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a 
matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would 
reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Dean Larocque. 

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

Vancouver, British Columbia 
February 20, 2024 

 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION  
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars) 

  December 31,  
2023x  

  December 31,  
2022x 

$ 

$ 

$ 

ASSETS 
Current assets 

Cash and cash equivalents  
Receivables and other (Note 5) 
Derivative financial instrument (Note 10) 
Inventories (Note 6) 

Investments  
Inventories (Note 6) 
Plant and equipment (Note 7) 
Mineral properties and related construction assets (Note 8) 
Intangible assets (Note 9) 
Deferred financing fees (Note 10) 
Derivative financial instrument (Note 10) 
Cost overrun facility (Note 10) 
Other non-current assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 
Current liabilities 

Trade payables and accrued liabilities  
Deferred revenue (Note 15) 
Credit facilities (Note 10) 
Tax and royalties payable  
Lease liabilities 

Credit facilities (Note 10) 
Debenture (Note 10) 
Restoration provisions (Note 11) 
Deferred income taxes (Note 17) 
Other non-current liabilities 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

EQUITY
Share capital, unlimited common shares, no par value (Note 12) 
Contributed surplus 
Retained (deficit) earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 

TOTAL EQUITY 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 

$ 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

Commitments – Note 22 
Subsequent events – Note 1, 10, 25 

Approved on Behalf of the Board of Directors: 
“Marie Inkster” 
Director 

“Catherine McLeod-Seltzer” 
Director 

13,337  $ 
35,050 
3,010 
34,534 

85,931 

811 
38,719 
124,983 
287,245 
6,211 
4,122 
5,097 
18,574 
4,110 

575,803  $ 

42,580  $ 
20,000 
35,000 
3,444 
1,472 

102,496 

86,515 
15,000 
13,738 
112,763 
3,160 

333,672 

349,718 
9,371 
(13,702) 
(103,256) 

242,131 

575,803  $ 

26,418 
33,102 
2,447 
38,372 

100,339 

661 
27,867 
88,239 
244,130 
18,224 
5,410 
7,373 
– 
3,596 

495,839 

29,689 
12,000 
15,338 
1,719 
1,111 

59,857 

62,151 
– 
13,649 
87,808 
2,313 

225,778 

348,083 
10,129 
6,489 
(94,640) 

270,061 

495,839 

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LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except for share and per share amounts) 

Revenues (Note 15) 

$ 

177,371 

$ 

212,934 

2023 

2022 

Cost of goods sold 

Operating expenses 
Royalty expenses (Note 8) 
Depletion and amortization 

Income from mining operations 

Other expenses 

Administration (Note 16) 
Impairment of intangible asset (Note 9) 
Sales and marketing 
Finance expenses  
Exploration 
Loss (gain) on derivative financial instrument (Note 10)  
Foreign exchange loss  
Loss on disposal of assets (Note 7) 

Net income before tax 

Income tax expense (Note 17) 

Current income tax  
Deferred income tax  

Net (loss) income for the year 

(Loss) earnings per common share (Note 18) 

Basic 
Diluted 

$ 

$ 
$ 

Weighted average common shares outstanding (Note 18)  

Basic 
Diluted 

78,610 
20,056 
18,289 

116,955 

60,416 

19,615 
11,200 
3,462 
4,506 
1,244 
1,712 
5,174 
943 

47,856 

12,560 

3,483 
29,268 

32,751 

(20,191)  $ 

79,266 
24,101 
24,965 

128,332 

84,602 

19,119 
– 
2,876 
3,690 
835 
(10,662) 
3,932 
– 

19,790 

64,812 

307 
24,071 

24,378 

40,434 

(0.04)  $ 
(0.04)  $ 

0.09 
0.09 

454,781,585 
454,781,585 

453,479,480 
461,953,253 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

2 | P a g e  

 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME  
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars) 

Net (loss) income for the year 

$ 

(20,191) 

$ 

40,434 

2023 

2022 

Other comprehensive (loss) income  
Items that will not be reclassified to net income 
Change in fair value of marketable securities 

Items that may be subsequently reclassified to              

net income 

Currency translation adjustment 

150 

(1,595) 

(8,766) 

(8,616) 

(19,340) 

(20,935) 

Comprehensive (loss) income for the year 

$ 

(28,807) 

$ 

19,499 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

3 | P a g e  

 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars) 

Cash flows from (used in): 
Operating activities 
Net (loss) income for the year 
Items not affecting cash: 

Depletion and amortization  
Unrealized foreign exchange loss 
Share-based compensation  
Impairment of intangible asset 
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative financial instruments 
Deferred income taxes  
Finance costs 
Loss on disposal of assets 

Net changes in working capital: 

Receivables and other  
Inventories 
Trade payables, deferred revenue and other current liabilities 
Tax and royalties payable 

Financing activities 
Drawdown (repayment) on working capital facility, net 
Drawdown on project finance facility 
Drawdown on liquidity guarantee 
Share units vested 
Lease payments 
Contributions to cost overrun facility  

Investing activities 
Investment in plant and equipment 
Mineral property expenditure 
Development of intangible assets 

Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents  
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year (1) 

Supplemental information 

Interest paid 
Taxes paid 
Changes in trade payables and accrued liabilities related    

      to plant and equipment and mineral properties (2) 

$ 

$ 

2023 

2022 

$ 

(20,191)  $ 

40,434 

18,713 
4,348 
1,440 
11,200 
1,712 
29,268 
1,783 
943 
49,216 

(5,286) 
(9,146) 
26,758 
1,815 
63,357 

19,662 
25,000 
15,000 
(461) 
(1,540) 
(18,000) 
39,661 

(14,364) 
(101,318) 
(112) 
(115,794) 
(305) 
(13,081) 
26,418 
13,337  $ 

25,411 
3,512 
1,977 
– 
(10,662) 
24,071 
3,192 
– 
87,935 

151 
(7,603) 
14,300 
1,450 
96,233 

(7,662) 
40,000 
– 
(144) 
(3,055) 
- 
29,139 

(18,992) 
(106,339) 
(90) 
(125,421) 
(544) 
(593) 
27,011 
26,418 

(14,607)  $ 

(8,494) 

(3,079) 

(8,539) 
(248) 

6,151 

(1)  Cash and cash equivalents consist of 100% cash deposits held with accredited financial institutions. 

(2) 

Included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities at each period end are additions to property, plant and equipment and 
mineral properties, acquired on normal course payment terms, of $8.2 million at December 31, 2023 ($11.3 million at December 
31, 2022).  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

4 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Number of 
shares  
issued and 
outstanding 

Share capital 

Contributed 
surplus 

Retained 
earnings 
(deficit) 

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
loss 

Total 

Balance, January 1, 2023 

453,566,923  $ 

348,083  $ 

10,129  $ 

6,489  $ 

(94,640)  $ 

270,061 

Net loss for the year 
Other comprehensive loss 
Total comprehensive loss 
Share-based compensation 
Shares issued for liquidity guarantee 
Shares issued from share units vested 
Withholding tax for share units vested 

– 
– 
– 
– 
1,027,500 
1,582,970 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 
264 
1,371 
– 

– 
– 
– 
1,074 
– 
(1,371) 
(461) 

(20,191) 
– 
(20,191) 
– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
(8,616) 
(8,616) 
– 
– 
– 
– 

(20,191) 
(8,616) 
(28,807) 
1,074 
264 
– 
(461) 

Balance, December 31, 2023 

456,177,393  $ 

349,718  $ 

9,371  $ 

(13,702)  $ 

(103,256)  $ 

242,131 

Balance, January 1, 2022 

453,034,981  $ 

347,442  $ 

9,180  $ 

(33,945)   $ 

(73,705)   $ 

248,972 

Net income for the year 
Other comprehensive loss 
Total comprehensive income (loss) 
Share-based compensation 
Shares issued from share units vested 
Withholding tax for share units vested 

– 
– 
– 
– 
531,942 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 
641 
– 

– 
– 
– 
1,734 
(641) 
(144) 

40,434 
– 
40,434 
– 
– 
– 

– 
(20,935) 
(20,935) 
– 
– 
– 

40,434 
(20,935) 
19,499 
1,734 
– 
(144) 

Balance, December 31, 2022 

453,566,923  $ 

348,083  $ 

10,129  $ 

6,489  $ 

(94,640)  $ 

270,061 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

5 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

1.  NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND LIQUIDITY 

Lucara Diamond Corp. together with its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company” or 
“Lucara”)  is  a  diamond  mining  company  focused  on  the  development  and  operation  of  diamond 
properties in Africa. The Company holds a 100% interest in the Karowe Mine located in Botswana 
and a 100% interest in Clara Diamond Solutions Limited Partnership (“Clara”).  Clara operates a 
secure,  digital  diamond  sales  platform  that  uses  proprietary  analytics  together  with  cloud  and 
blockchain technologies. 

The Company’s common shares are listed on the TSX, NASDAQ Stockholm and Botswana Stock 
Exchanges. The Company was continued into the Province of British Columbia under the Business 
Corporations  Act  (British  Columbia)  in  August  2004  and  its  registered  office  is  located  at  Suite 
3500, 1133 Melville Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 4E5, Canada. 

During fiscal 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $20.2 million and generated cash of $63.4 
million  from  operating  activities.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  had  cash  and  cash 
equivalents of $13.3 million, a working capital deficit (current assets less current liabilities) of $16.6 
million and had drawn $35.0 million from its $50.0 million working capital facility.   

In  July  2023,  the  Company  provided  an  update  to  the  schedule  and  budget  for  the  Karowe 
Underground  Expansion  project  (the  "UGP").  The  estimated  duration  of  the  construction  period 
increased, extending the anticipated commencement of production from the underground from the 
second half of 2026 to the first half of 2028. The revised forecast of costs at completion is $683.0 
million, an increase of 25% from the prior estimate in May 2022. Committed, not yet incurred, costs 
under the UGP are $77.2 million at December 31, 2023 (Note 22).  

The Company’s debt package consisted of two facilities (the “Facilities”), a project finance facility 
of $170.0 million to fund the development of an underground expansion at the Karowe Mine (the 
“Project Loan”), of which $90.0 million has been drawn at December 31, 2023, and a $50.0 million 
senior  secured  working  capital  facility  (the  “WCF”).  Subsequent  to  year-end,  the  Company 
completed an agreement with its lenders to modify the repayment schedule, adjust the Facilities to 
include a project finance facility of $190.0 million and $30.0 million working capital facility, extend 
the maturity date of its WCF to June 30, 2031, and certain other terms (the “Rebase Amendments”) 
(Note 10).    

Prior to June 30, 2025, the Company is required to place $61.7 million in a cost overrun facility (the 
“COF")  as  a  condition  of  the  Facilities.  The  Facilities  Agreement  includes  specific  provisions  for 
how and when these funds may be released from the COF. The COF balance was $18.6 million as 
at December 31, 2023. The Company is required to fund the remaining balance with the proceeds 
from the sale of exceptional stones and cashflow from operations. 

Under  the  terms  of  the  Project  Loan,  the  Company’s  largest  shareholder,  Nemesia  S.a.r.l. 
(“Nemesia”) provided a limited standby undertaking of up to $63.0 million. The standby undertaking 
consists of two components: i) an undertaking to support the requirement to fund the COF to $61.7 
million by June 30, 2025 and ii) in the event of a funding shortfall, support up to $35.0 million occurring 
up to project completion. 

Following the completion of the Rebase Amendments, the Company expects to be able to meet its 
obligations as they become due in the normal course of business for at least the next twelve months 
from December 31, 2023.  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    6 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CHANGES TO ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

(i)  Basis of presentation 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. 
Other  than  changes  due  to  new  and  amended  standards  and  interpretations,  the  accounting 
policies adopted are consistently applied in all periods presented. 

These  financial  statements  were  approved  by  the  Board  of  Directors  for  issue  on  February  20, 
2024. 

(ii)  New IFRS Pronouncements  

Amendments to IAS 1  – Presentation of Financial Statements – Classification of liabilities 
as current or non-current and non-current liabilities with covenants 

Amendments  were  issued  to  IAS  1  -  Presentation  of  Financial  Statements  which  removed  the 
requirement for a right to be unconditional and instead, now requires that a right to defer settlement 
must have substance and exist at the end of the reporting period. A company classifies a liability 
as non-current if it has a right to defer settlement for at least 12-months after the reporting period. 
The amendments clarify how a company classifies a liability that includes a counterparty conversion 
option,  which  could  be  recognized  as  either  equity  or  a  liability  separately  from  the  liability 
component under IAS 32 - Financial Instruments Presentation. Further modification was issued in 
October 2022 amendments in Non-current liabilities with covenants. Only covenants with which an 
entity is required to comply on or before the reporting date affect the classification of a liability as 
current or non-current. The amendments were effective on January 1, 2023 and had no significant 
impact on the consolidated financial statements.  

Amendments to IAS 12 – Income Taxes – Deferred taxes on initial recognition 

The amendments require companies to recognize deferred tax on particular transactions that, on 
initial recognition, give rise to equal amounts of taxable and deductible temporary differences. The 
amendments  typically  apply to  transactions such  as  leases  for  the  lessee and  decommissioning 
and  restoration  obligations  related  to  assets  in  operation.  The  Company  adopted  these 
amendments to IAS 12 - Income Taxes effective January 1, 2023. These amendments did not affect 
the Company’s financial statements.  

Several other amendments and interpretations were applied for the first time in 2023 but did not 
have an impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The Company is currently 
assessing  the  impact  of  the  standards  and  amendments  to  standards  and  interpretations  which 
have  been  issued  but  are  not  yet  effective  including  IFRS  S1  –  General  Requirements  for 
Disclosure  of  Sustainability-related  Financial  Information  and  IFRS  S2  –  Climate-related 
Disclosures. 

The  Company  has  not  early  adopted  any  standard,  interpretation  or  amendment  that  has  been 
issued but is not yet effective other than noted above.  

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS  

The  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  requires  management  to  use  judgment  in 
applying its accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions about the future. Estimates and 
assumptions  are  continuously  evaluated  and  are  based  on  management’s  experience  and  other 
factors,  including  expectations  about  future  events  that  are  believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the 
circumstances.  Uncertainty  about  these  assumptions  and  estimates  could  result  in  outcomes  that 
require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    7 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS (CONTINUED) 

The Company has identified the following areas where significant accounting judgments, estimates 
and assumptions have been made in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements: 

Areas of judgment 

(a)  Satisfaction of performance obligations under the HB sales arrangement  
The Company has determined that, under the terms of the Company’s sales arrangements with HB 
Trading BV (“HB”), control is transferred when the delivery and analysis of the rough diamonds are 
completed.  At  this  point  the  initial  estimated  polished  outcome  price  of  the  rough  diamond  is 
determined and HB assumes responsibility for its manufacturing, polishing and sale to an end buyer.  

(b)  Assessment of impairment indicators  
The Company carries its mineral properties and plant and equipment and intangible assets at depleted 
cost less any provision for impairment. The Company assesses at each reporting period whether there 
is  an  indication  of  impairment.  Significant  judgment  is  applied  in  assessing  whether  indicators  of 
impairment exist that would necessitate impairment testing. Internal and external factors, such as i) a 
significant decline in the market value of the Company’s share price; ii) changes in the quantity of the 
recoverable resources and reserves; and iii) changes in diamond prices, capital and operating costs 
and recoveries; and iv) changes in inflation, interest and exchange rates, are evaluated in determining 
whether there are any indicators of impairment.  

(c)  Impairment   
The Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-current assets whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate  that the carrying amounts may exceed the estimated recoverable amounts. 
Recoverable amounts are determined by reference to relevant market data, discounted future cash 
flows, and fair value less costs to sell. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of 
those assets is no longer considered recoverable. Non-current assets that were previously impaired 
are  tested  for  possible  reversal  of  the  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstance 
indicate that the impairment may have reversed.  

Calculating  the  estimated  recoverable  amount  of  the  cash-generating  unit  (“CGU”)  for  non-current 
asset  impairment  tests  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  with  respect  to 
estimated recoverable mineral reserves and resources, recovery estimates, estimated future diamond 
prices,  future  production  volume,  expected  future  operating,  capital  and  reclamation  costs,  future 
operating volumes for Clara, discount rates and exchange rates. Management relies on production 
history and geological experts to develop estimates of recoverable mineral reserves and resources, 
diamond prices, as well as expected future operating, capital and reclamation costs. These estimates 
are  subject  to  various  risks  and  uncertainties  which  may  ultimately  influence  the  estimated 
recoverability of the carrying amounts of non-current assets. 

Changes in these assumptions could significantly impact the valuation of the Company’s assets in the 
future. During 2023, management identified impairment indicators with its mineral properties, plant and 
equipment, and its intangible assets. Management’s impairment evaluation resulted in the Company 
recognizing an impairment of intangible assets of $11.2 million in relation to the CGUs of the Clara 
sales platform (Note 9).  

(d)  Deferred Taxes 
Judgment is required in assessing whether deferred tax assets and certain deferred tax liabilities are 
recognized  and  what  tax  rate  is  expected  to  be  applied  in  the  year  when  the  related  temporary 
differences  reverse.  Judgment  is  also  required  on  the  application  of  income  tax  legislation.  These 
judgments are subject to risk and uncertainty and could result in an adjustment to the deferred tax 
provision.  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    8 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS (CONTINUED) 

(e)  Going concern and liquidity risk 
Management  is  required  to  exercise  judgment  with  respect  to  evaluating  the  Company’s  ability  to 
continue as a going concern and to ensure that disclosures relating to liquidity are appropriate.  To this 
end,  the  Company  manages  liquidity  risk  by  maintaining  an  adequate  level  of  cash  and  cash 
equivalents to meet its short-term ongoing obligations, ensuring access to credit facilities, and reviews 
its  actual  expenditures  and  forecast  cash  flows  on  a  regular  basis.  Changes  in  demand  for  rough 
and/or  polished  diamonds  and  diamond  prices,  amount,  and  timing  of  capital  costs  on  the  UGP, 
production levels and related costs, foreign exchange rates and other factors all impact the Company’s 
liquidity position. 

Sources of estimation uncertainty 

(a)  Estimated recoverable reserves and resources 
Mineral  reserve  and  resource  estimates  are  based  on  various  assumptions  relating  to  operating 
matters. These include production costs, mining and processing recoveries, cut-off grades, long term 
diamond prices and, in some cases, exchange rates, inflation rates and capital costs. Cost estimates 
are based on feasibility study estimates or operating history. Estimates are prepared by appropriately 
qualified persons, but will be affected by forecast commodity prices, diamond prices, inflation rates, 
exchange  rates,  capital  and  production  costs  and  recoveries  amongst  other  factors.  Proven  and 
probable  reserves  are  determined  based  on  a  professional  evaluation  using accepted  international 
standards  for  the  assessment  of  mineral  reserves.  The  assessment  involves  geological  and 
geophysical studies and economic data and the reliance on a number of assumptions. The estimates 
of  the  reserves  may  change  based  on  additional  knowledge  gained  subsequent  to  the  initial 
assessment. This may include additional data available from continuing exploration, results from the 
reconciliation of actual mining production data against the original reserve estimates, or the impact of 
economic factors such as changes in the price of commodities or the cost of components of production. 

Estimated  recoverable  reserves  are  used  to  determine  the  depletion  and  amortization  of  property, 
plant and equipment at the operating mine site, in accounting for deferred stripping costs and mineral 
properties, determining a deferred tax rate and in performing impairment testing. Therefore, changes 
in the assumptions used could affect the carrying value of assets, depletion and amortization, changes 
in the deferred tax rate, and impairment charges recorded in the statement of operations.  

(b)  Uncertain Tax Positions 
The  Company  recognizes  that  its  tax  obligations  are  subject  to  interpretation  and  judgment. 
Uncertain tax positions arise when there is uncertainty regarding the application of tax laws and 
regulations  to  the  Company's  transactions  or  positions.  Estimates  of  uncertain  tax  positions  are 
measured  using  the  most  likely  amount  or  expected  value  approach,  considering  all  available 
information,  including  tax  rulings,  case  law,  and  professional  opinions  from  the  Company’s  tax 
experts and legal counsel. 

Management evaluates uncertain tax positions based on the technical merits of the position and 
the probability of settlement. This assessment involves significant judgment and may evolve over 
time as new information becomes available.  

(c)  Estimated variable consideration in determining revenue  
Revenues include an estimate of variable consideration receivable under the terms of the Company’s 
sales  arrangements  with  HB.  Variable  consideration  is  a  component  of  the  transaction  price  and 
represents an area of significant management estimate and judgment. Under the sales arrangements, 
at the time of sale of a rough diamond, the Company receives an initial payment based on an estimated 
polished outcome price.   

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    9 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS (CONTINUED) 

When  the  manufactured  diamond  is  sold  to  an  end  buyer,  HB  is  entitled  to  receive  a  fee  and 
reimbursement for the cost of manufacturing. If the final sales price is higher than the initial estimated 
polished price a true up payment is payable to the Company. Any manufactured diamonds sold to an 
end buyer for less than the initial estimated polished price (after deductions for HB’s fee and the cost 
of manufacturing) will result in the difference being refunded to HB. 

Variable consideration is estimated using the most likely approach, as the Company considers this 
approach to be more predictive. The transaction price is reassessed each reporting period, including 
any adjustments to the amount of variable consideration recognized. The revenue recognized as the 
transaction price, including any variable consideration, is recognized within the constraint of “highly 
probable”. In evaluating the most likely approach, significant judgment includes market conditions, the 
current estimated polished value provided by HB and the probability that the variable consideration 
would be realized. 

(d)  Decommissioning and site restoration 
The Company has obligations for site restoration and decommissioning related to the Karowe Mine. 
The restoration provision is based on cost estimates of the future decommissioning and site restoration 
activities and are estimated by the Company using mine closure plans or other similar studies which 
outline the activities that will be carried out to meet the obligations. The restoration provision requires 
significant  estimates  and  assumptions  because  the  obligations  are  dependent  on  the  laws  and 
regulations  of  the  country  in  which  the mine  operates  and  are  based on  future  expectations  of  the 
timing, extent and cost of required decommissioning and site restoration activities. As a result, there 
could be significant adjustments to the provisions established. 

(e)  Deferred Taxes 
The deferred tax provisions are calculated by the Company whilst the actual amounts of income tax 
expense are not final until tax returns are filed and accepted by the relevant authorities. Deferred tax 
liabilities  arising  from  temporary  differences  are  recognized  unless  the  reversal  of  the  temporary 
differences  is  not  expected  to  occur  in  the  foreseeable  future  and  can  be  controlled.  Assumptions 
about  the  generation  of  future  taxable  profits  and  repatriation  of  retained  earnings  depend  on 
management’s  estimates  of  future  production  and  sales  volumes,  diamond  prices,  reserves  and 
resources, operating costs, decommissioning and restoration costs, capital expenditures, dividends 
and other capital management transactions. These estimates and assumptions are subject to risk and 
uncertainty and could result in an adjustment to the deferred tax provision and a corresponding credit 
or charge to profit. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    10 | P a g e  

 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
4.  SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The  significant  accounting  policies  used  in  the  preparation  of  these  consolidated  financial 
statements are as follows: 

(a)  Basis of measurement 
These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  convention, 
except for investments in equity securities and derivative financial instruments, which are measured 
at fair value. 

(b)  Consolidation 
These  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company  and  all  of  its 
subsidiaries (see Note 14 – Principal subsidiaries).  

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. An entity is controlled by the Company when as 
a group; it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has 
the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are included in the 
consolidated financial statements from the date control is obtained until the date control ceases. Where 
the  Company’s  interest  is  less  than  100%,  the  Company  recognizes  non-controlling  interests.  All 
intercompany balances, transactions, income, expenses, profits and losses, including unrealized gains 
and losses have been eliminated on consolidation.  

(c)  Segment reporting 
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief 
operating  decision-maker.  The  chief  operating  decision-maker,  who  is  responsible  for  allocating 
resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the person 
that  makes  strategic  decisions.  The  CEO  is  deemed  the  chief  operating  decision-maker  of  the 
Company. 

The  Company’s  primary  reporting  segments  are  based  on  individual  operating  segments,  being  the 
Karowe Mine and Corporate and other. The Corporate office provides support to the Karowe Mine with 
respect  to  sales,  treasury  and  finance,  technical  support,  regulatory  reporting  and  corporate 
administration and includes operations of the secure, digital diamond sales platform, Clara. 

(d)  Foreign currency translation 

Functional and presentation currency 
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company’s entities are measured using the 
currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). 
The  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  U.S.  dollars.  The  functional  currency  of  the 
parent company, Lucara Diamond Corp., is the Canadian dollar. 

Transactions and balances 
Foreign  currency  transactions  are  translated  into  the  functional  currency  using  the  exchange  rates 
prevailing  at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.  Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  the 
settlement  of  such  transactions  and  from  the  translation  at  exchange  rates  of  monetary  assets  and 
liabilities  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  an  entity’s  functional  currency  are  recognized  in  the 
statement of operations. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    11 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
4.  SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Group companies 
The functional currency of the most significant subsidiary of the Company, Lucara Botswana Proprietary 
Limited (“Lucara Botswana”), is the Botswana Pula. The functional currency of the Company and its 
other active subsidiary, Clara, is the Canadian dollar. The results and financial position of the group 
companies, which have a functional currency different from the presentation currency, are translated 
into the presentation currency as follows: 

(i)  Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing 

rate at the date of that statement. 

(ii)  Income  and  expenses  are  translated  at  average  exchange  rates  (unless  this  average  is  not  a 
reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, 
in which case income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions). 

(iii)  All resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income as cumulative 

translation adjustments. 

(e)  Cash and cash equivalents  
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  on  account,  demand  deposits  and  money  market 
investments with maturities from the date of acquisition of three months or less, which are readily 
convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to insignificant changes in value. Cash and 
cash equivalents are recorded at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost.  

(f)  Financial instruments  
Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual 
provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows 
from the assets have expired or have been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially 
all risks and rewards of ownership. Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation specified 
in  the  contract  is  discharged,  cancelled  or  expires.  All  recognized  financial  assets  are  measured 
subsequently  at  amortized  cost  or  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  or  fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income. 

At initial recognition, the Company classifies its financial instruments in the following categories: 

(i)   Fair value through profit or loss: A financial asset or liability is classified in this category if acquired 
principally  for  the  purpose  of  selling  or  repurchasing  in  the  short-term.  Derivatives,  including 
interest rate swaps, are also included in this category unless they are designated as hedges.  
Financial  instruments  in  this  category  are  recognized  initially  and  subsequently  at  fair  value. 
Transaction costs are expensed in the consolidated statement of operations. Gains and losses 
arising from changes in fair value are presented in the consolidated statement of operations within 
“other gains and losses” in the period in which they arise.  

(ii)  Fair value through other comprehensive income: The Company has made an irrevocable election 
to  designate  its  investments  in  marketable  equity  securities  as  classified  at  fair  value  through 
other comprehensive income. Fair values are determined by reference to quoted market prices 
at  the  reporting  date.  When  investments  in  marketable  equity  securities  are  disposed  of  or 
impaired, the cumulative gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income are not 
recycled to profit and loss and remain within equity.  

(iii)  Financial assets and liabilities at amortized cost: Financial assets and liabilities at amortized cost 
include  cash,  trade  receivables,  credit  facility  and  trade  payables  and  are  included  in  current 
classification  due  to  their  short-term  nature.  Trade  receivables  and  payables  are  non-interest 
bearing if paid when due and are recognized at their face amount, less, when material, a discount, 
except when fair value is materially different. Amounts drawn on the credit facility are interest-
bearing  and  are  recorded  at  fair  value  upon  inception.  These  are  subsequently  measured  at 
amortized cost. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    12 | P a g e  

 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
4.  SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(g)  Inventories 
Inventories, which include rough diamonds, ore stockpiles and parts and supplies, are measured at the 
lower of cost and net realizable value. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realizable 
value is recognized in the period the write-down occurs. Cost is determined using the weighted average 
method. Cost includes directly attributable mining overhead but excludes borrowing costs. 

Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less all 
estimated costs to completion and selling expenses. 

(h)  Plant and equipment 
Plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses. The cost 
of  an  asset  consists  of  its  purchase  price,  any  directly  attributable  costs  of  bringing  the  asset  to  its 
present  working  condition  and  location  for  its  intended  use  and  an  initial  estimate  of  the  costs  of 
dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located. Subsequent costs are 
included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when 
it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the 
cost of the item can be measured reliably. 

Amortization of each asset is calculated using the straight line or unit of production method to allocate 
its  cost  less  its  residual  value  over  its  estimated  useful  life.  The  estimated  useful  lives  of  plant  and 
equipment are as follows: 

Machinery and equipment 
Plant facilities 
Furniture and office equipment 

5 to 15 years 
based on recoverable reserves on a unit of production basis 
2 to 3 years 

Residual values and useful lives of assets are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each reporting 
date. 

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying 
amount  is  greater  than  its  estimated  recoverable  amount.  Gains  and  losses  on  disposals  are 
determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognized within “other gains 
and losses” in the statement of operations. 

(i)  Exploration and evaluation expenditures  
Exploration and evaluation expenditures relate to the search for mineral resources, the determination 
of technical feasibility and the assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource. Exploration 
and evaluation activities include: 
•  Researching and analyzing historical exploration data; 
•  Gathering exploration data through topographical, geochemical and geophysical studies; 
• 
•  Determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource. 

Exploratory drilling, trenching and sampling; and  

Exploration and evaluation expenditures are expensed in the statement of operations as incurred on 
mineral properties not sufficiently advanced as to identify their development potential.  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    13 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
4.  SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(j)  Mineral properties 
Costs  associated  with  acquiring  a  mineral  property  are  capitalized  as  incurred.  When  it  has  been 
established that a mineral property is considered to be sufficiently advanced and an economic analysis 
has been completed, all further expenditures for the current year and subsequent years are capitalized 
as  incurred.  Mineral  property  costs  are  amortized  from  the  date  of  commencement  of  commercial 
production of the related mine on a units of production basis. 

(k)  Capitalized production stripping costs 
During the production phase, mining expenditures (exploration or development costs) incurred either to 
develop new ore bodies or to develop mine areas in advance of current production are capitalized to 
mineral  properties.  Stripping  costs  incurred  in  the  production  phase  are  accounted  for  as  variable 
production  costs.  However,  stripping  costs  are  capitalized  and  recorded  as  deferred  stripping,  a 
component of mineral properties, when the stripping activity provides access to sources of reserves or 
resources that will be produced in future periods that would not have otherwise been accessible in the 
absence of this activity. The deferred stripping costs are depleted on a unit-of-production basis over the 
reserves or resources that directly benefited from the stripping activity. 

Intangible assets 

(l) 
Intangible assets with finite lives consist of acquired trademarks, copyrights, patents and intellectual 
property  that  are  initially  capitalized  at  the  purchase  price  plus  any  other  directly  attributable  costs. 
These  assets  are  amortized  using  the  straight-line  method  over  their  estimated  useful  lives. 
Amortization of intangible assets will be included in the cost of sales, administrative expenses and/or 
research and development expenses, as appropriate.  

Development expenditures relating to intangible assets are capitalized only if the expenditure can be 
measured reliably, the process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are 
probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to 
use or sell the asset. Judgment is required in determining the technical and commercial feasibility and 
in assessing the probability of future economic benefits. Amortization related to capitalized development 
costs is classified within depletion and amortization under operating expenses. 

(m) Contingent consideration 
Contingent  consideration  relating  to  an  asset  acquisition  is  recognized  using  the  cost  accumulation 
method when: (a) the conditions associated with the contingent payment are met; (b) the Company has 
a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably; and (c) it is probable that an 
outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. 

(n)  Impairment of non-financial assets 
Long  lived  assets  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  period  for  impairment  when  events  or  changes  in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Intangible assets that are not 
yet  available  for  use  are  reviewed  for  impairment  annually.  When  impairment  indicators  exist,  an 
impairment  assessment  is  conducted  at  the  level  of  the  CGU  (a  group  of  assets  that  generate 
independent  cash  inflows).  An  impairment  loss  is  recognized  for  the  amount  by  which  the  asset’s 
carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s 
fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are 
grouped  at  the  lowest  levels  for  which  there  are  separately  identifiable  cash  flows  (cash-generating 
units).  Non-financial  assets  that  suffered  impairment  are  reviewed  for  possible  reversal  of  the 
impairment at each reporting date. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    14 | P a g e  

 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
4.  SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(o)  Provisions 
Asset retirement obligations 
The  Company  recognizes  a  liability  for  an  asset  retirement  obligation  on  long-lived  assets  when  a 
present legal or constructive obligation exists, as a result of past events and the amount of the liability  
is  reasonably  determinable.  Asset  retirement  obligations  are  initially  recognized  and  recorded  as  a 
liability based on estimated future cash flows discounted at a risk-free rate. This is adjusted at each 
reporting  period  for  changes  to  factors  including  the  expected  amount  of  cash  flows  required  to 
discharge  the  liability,  the  timing  of  such  cash  flows  and  the  risk-free  discount  rate.  Corresponding 
amounts and adjustments are added to the carrying value of the related long-lived asset and amortized 
or depleted to operations over the life of the related asset. 

the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event; 

Other provisions 
Provisions are recognized when: 
• 
• 
Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the 
obligation, using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of 
money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time 
is recognized as finance costs. 

a reliable estimate can be made of the obligation. 

(p)  Income taxes 
Income  taxes  are  recognized  in  the  statement  of  operations,  except  where  they  relate  to  items 
recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the related taxes are 
recognized in other comprehensive income or equity. 

Current taxes receivable or payable are based on estimated taxable income for the current year at the 
statutory tax rates enacted or substantively enacted less amounts paid or received on account. 

Deferred taxes are recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences 
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts 
used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the 
initial  recognition  of  assets  or  liabilities  in  a  transaction  that  is  not  a  business  combination  and  that 
affects neither accounting nor taxable income, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries 
and jointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable 
future.  

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences 
when they reverse, based on the sliding tax rate that is expected at the time of reversal and the laws 
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax 
liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same 
taxable entity, or on different tax entities where there is a legal right to do so, but they intend to settle 
current  tax  liabilities  and  assets  on  a  net  basis  or  their  tax  assets  and  liabilities  will  be  realized 
simultaneously.  

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future tax profits will be available 
against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each year 
end and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    15 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
4.  SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Uncertain tax positions and interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are accounted for 
under IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments. The Company first determines whether it is 
more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If a tax position meets the  
more-likely-than-not recognition threshold it is then measured to determine the amount of benefit or 
liability to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the amount of benefit 
or liability that is likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company assesses the validity of 
conclusions regarding uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis to determine if facts or circumstances 
have arisen that might cause the Company to change their judgment regarding the likelihood of a tax 
position. 

(q)  Share capital 
Common  shares  are  classified  as  equity.  Incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  issue  of  new 
shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

(r)  Revenue recognition 
Revenues from diamond sales are recognized when the purchaser obtains control of the diamond. For 
diamonds sold through tender or Clara, control is transferred when the Company receives payment for 
the diamonds sold and title is transferred to the purchaser according to contract terms.  

Since 2020, the Company has sold its large stone production (diamonds greater than 10.8 carats) under 
arrangements with HB Antwerp. For diamonds sold under these arrangements, control is transferred 
when  the  stones  are  delivered  and  the  analysis  of  the  rough  diamond  are  agreed  according  to  the 
contract  terms  to  which  the  stones  relate.  The  initial  purchase  price  paid  for  the  rough  diamonds  is 
based on an initial estimated polished outcome with a true up paid to the Company if the actual achieved 
polished sales price (less a margin, including the cost of manufacturing) exceeds the initial price paid, 
or  a  repayment  if  the  actual  achieved  polished  sales  price  (less  the  margin,  including  the  cost  of 
manufacturing) is below the initial price paid, after fees. Thus, the arrangement contains elements of 
variable consideration as the Company’s final consideration is contingent on price obtained in the future 
sale by the polished manufacturer. Variable consideration is recognized to the extent that it is highly 
probable that its inclusion will not result in a significant revenue reversal when the uncertainty has been 
subsequently resolved when the manufactured diamond is sold to an end buyer.  

(s)  Share-based compensation 
The  Company  has  share-based  compensation  plans,  under  which  the  entity  receives  services  as 
consideration for equity instruments (stock options or share units) of the Company. 

Stock options and equity-settled share units granted to employees are measured on the grant date. 
Stock  options  granted  to  non-employees  are  measured  on  the  date  that  the  goods  or  services  are 
received. Share units which do not meet the criteria for equity-settlement are recorded as a liability and 
measured at fair value at each reporting period. 

The fair value of the employee and non-employee services received in exchange for the grant of the 
options is recognized as an expense. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to 
the fair value of the stock options and share units granted and the vesting periods. The total expense 
is  recognized  over  the  vesting  period,  which  is  the  period  over  which  all  of  the  specified  vesting 
conditions are to be satisfied.  

The cash subscribed for the shares issued when the options are exercised is credited to share capital, 
net of any directly attributable transaction costs. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    16 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
4.  SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(t)  Earnings (loss) per share 
Earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the income or loss attributable to the shareholders 
of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding during 
the year. Diluted income per share is calculated using the treasury stock method. In periods of loss 
basic and diluted earnings per share are the same as dilutive instruments have an anti-dilutive effect. 

(u)  Leases  
Leases are recognized as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the 
leased asset is available for use. Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a 
present value basis. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance 
cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest 
on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the 
shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. 

The Company leases various properties. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain 
a wide range of different terms and conditions. The lease agreements do not impose any covenants 
but leased assets may not be used as security for borrowing purposes.   

Payments  associated  with  short-term  leases  and  leases  of  low-value  assets  are  recognized  on  a 
straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 
months or less.   

(v)  Borrowing costs 
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset 
are  capitalized  as  part  of  the  cost  of  that  asset.  Other  borrowing  costs  not  directly  attributable  to  a 
qualifying asset are expensed in the period incurred. 

5.  RECEIVABLES AND OTHER  

  Trade  
  Value-added and income taxes 
  Deferred financing fees (Note 10) 
  Prepayments 
  Other 

$ 

$ 

2023 

12,981  $ 
13,927 
– 
8,012 
130 
35,050  $ 

2022 

18,769 
5,301 
975 
7,078 
979 
33,102 

Trade receivables at December 31, 2023 were $13.0 million (December 31, 2022 – $18.8 million) 
due from HB. All amounts receivable from HB are current.  

Revenue from diamond sales during the year ended December 31, 2023 includes $106.2  million 
(December 31, 2022: $128.7 million) sold to HB.  

Value-added and income taxes receivable include $5.0 million at December 31, 2023 which has 
been remitted to tax authorities, through the withholding of value-added tax refunds, to dispute an 
income tax assessment in Botswana (Note 17). 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    17 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
6. 

INVENTORIES 

  Rough diamonds 
  Ore stockpile 
  Parts and supplies 
$ 
  Total current inventories 
  Non-current inventories – ore stockpile  $ 

$ 

2023 

19,217  $ 

2,038 
13,279 
34,534  $ 
38,719  $ 

2022 

17,988 
6,967 
13,417 
38,372 
27,867 

Inventory expensed during  the year ended December  31, 2023  totaled $78.6  million (December 
31, 2022 – $79.3 million). There were no inventory write-downs during the years ended December 
31, 2023 and 2022.  

The portion of the ore stockpile that is expected to be processed more than 12 months from year 
end is classified as non-current inventory. 

7.  PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Cost 

Construction  
in progress 

Mine and 
plant 
facilities 

Furniture 
and office 
equipment 

Vehicles 

Right of 
use assets 

Total 

Balance, January 1, 2022 

$ 

13,645  $ 

208,279  $ 

14,262  $ 

4,227  $       4,205  $  244,618 

Additions 
Reclassification 
Translation differences 

18,785 
(11,937) 
(1,353) 

– 
9,692 
(17,205) 

– 
1,955 
(1,225) 

– 
335 
(355) 

3,145 
– 
(451) 

21,930 
45 
(20,589) 

Balance, December 31, 2022 

$ 

19,140  $ 

200,766  $ 

14,992  $ 

4,207  $      6,899  $  246,004 

Additions 
Reclassification (Note 8) 
Disposals and other 
Translation differences 

12,993 
(12,073) 
(943) 
(903) 

– 
30,151 
(109) 
(9,352) 

– 
1,740 
(9) 
(700) 

– 
863 
(89) 
(201) 

1,292 
23,752 
(184) 
(443) 

14,285 
44,433 
(1,334) 
(11,599) 

Balance, December 31, 2023 

$ 

18,214  $ 

221,456  $ 

16,023  $ 

4,780  $      31,316  $  291,789 

Accumulated amortization 

Balance, January 1, 2022 

$ 

–  $  144,306  $ 

8,913  $ 

2,282  $ 

1,796  $  157,297 

Depletion and amortization 
Translation differences 

– 
– 

7,843 
(12,052) 

2,469 
(809) 

618 
(208) 

2,854 
(247) 

13,784 
(13,316) 

Balance, December 31, 2022 

$ 

–  $  140,097  $ 

10,573  $ 

2,692  $ 

4,403  $  157,765 

Depletion and amortization 
Reclassification (Note 8) 
Disposals and other 
Translation differences 

– 
– 
– 
– 

7,166 
4,056 
    (39) 
 (6,474) 

2,465 
148 
(6) 
(499) 

235 
412 
(88) 
(129) 

1,205 
985 
(184) 
(212) 

11,071 
5,601 
(317) 
(7,314) 

Balance, December 31, 2023 

$ 

–  $  144,806  $ 

12,681  $ 

3,122  $ 

6,197  $  166,806 

Net book value 
As at December 31, 2022 
As at December 31, 2023 

$ 
$ 

19,140  $ 
18,214  $ 

60,669  $ 
76,650  $ 

4,419  $ 
3,342  $ 

1,515  $ 
1,658  $ 

2,496 
25,119 

$     88,239 
$   124,983 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    18 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
8.  MINERAL PROPERTIES AND RELATED CONSTRUCTION ASSETS 

Cost 

Capitalized 
production 
stripping asset 

Karowe Mine 

Karowe 
Underground 
Construction   

Total 

Balance, January 1, 2022 

$           66,073 

$         41,857 

$         126,117 

$          234,047 

Additions 
Borrowing cost capitalized 
Adjustment to restoration asset  
Reclassification 
Translation differences 

– 
– 
– 
– 
(5,368) 

– 
– 
(1,669) 
– 
(3,336) 

106,389 
6,676 
– 
(45) 
(14,277) 

106,389 
6,676 
(1,669) 
(45) 
(22,981) 

Balance, December 31, 2022 

$           60,705 

$         36,852 

$         224,860 

$          322,417 

Additions 
Borrowing cost capitalized 
Adjustment to restoration asset  
Assets put into use (Note 7) 
Translation differences 

– 
– 
– 
– 
(2,847) 

– 
– 
(472) 
– 
(1,726) 

92,128 
9,285 
– 
(38,832) 
(10,864) 

92,128 
9,285 
(472) 
(38,832) 
(15,437) 

Balance, December 31, 2023 

$           57,858 

$         34,654 

$         276,577 

$          369,089 

Accumulated depletion 

Balance, January 1, 2022 

$           43,381 

$           33,088 

Depletion  
Translation differences 

7,042 
(3,776) 

1,286 
(2,734) 

Balance, December 31, 2022 

$           46,647 

$           31,640 

Depletion  
Translation differences 

5,851 
(2,218) 

1,415 
(1,491) 

Balance, December 31, 2023 

$           50,280 

$           31,564 

Net book value 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

$            76,469 

8,328 
(6,510) 

$            78,287 

7,266 
(3,709) 

$            81,844 

As at December 31, 2022 
As at December 31, 2023 

$           14,058 
$             7,578 

$        5,212 
$        3,090 

$         224,860 
$         276,577 

$          244,130 
$          287,245 

Karowe Mine 
A  royalty  of  10%  of  the  gross  sales  value  of  diamonds  produced  from  Karowe  is  payable  to  the 
government of Botswana, regardless of whether the diamond is sold as rough or polished. During the 
year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred a royalty expense of $20.1 million (December 
31, 2022: $24.1 million). 

The  Karowe  Underground  Construction  will  not  be  depreciated  until  the  asset  is  available  for  its 
intended use.  

A 132 kV bulk power supply powerline, including the Letlhakane and Karowe substations, and an 11 kV 
transmission line to the Karowe Mine were completed and put into use on March 31, 2023. The assets, 
constructed  pursuant  to  a  self-build  agreement,  were  handed  over  to  Botswana  Power  Corporation 
who will own and operate the substations and lines. Consequently, $23.3 million has been reclassified  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    19 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
8.  MINERAL PROPERTIES AND RELATED CONSTRUCTION ASSETS (continued) 

from  Karowe  Underground  Construction  to  Plant  and  Equipment  as  a  right  of  use  asset.  The 
remaining assets reclassified relate to other Plant and Equipment put into use during the year. 

Total  borrowing  costs  of  $16.7  million  (December  31,  2022  –  $7.8  million)  during  the  period  of 
construction relating to the Karowe Underground Construction asset have been capitalized to date. 
Capitalized borrowing costs include interest and other costs related to the project finance facility 
(Note  10). 

9. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Cost 
Balance, January 1, 2022 
Development expenditures 
Translation differences 
Balance, December 31, 2022 

Impairment of intangible asset 
Development expenditures 
Translation differences 
Balance, December 31, 2023 

Accumulated amortization 
Balance, January 1, 2022 
Amortization 
Translation differences 
Balance, December 31, 2022 

Amortization 
Translation differences 
Balance, December 31, 2023 

Net book value 
As at December 31, 2022 
As at December 31, 2023 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

23,916 
90 
(1,495) 
22,511 

(11,200) 
112 
499 
11,922 

3,192 
1,348 
(253) 
4,287 

1,306 
118 
5,711 

18,224 
6,211 

In 2018, the Company acquired the Clara platform, a secure, digital sales platform for rough diamonds.  
The consideration paid was allocated to intangible assets which will continue to be amortized over the 
remaining estimated useful economic life of 13 years as at December 31, 2023.  

Impairment 
At December 31, 2023, the Company identified an impairment indicator due to a change in the way the 
Company values the Clara platform and performed an impairment test. As a result of an impairment 
indicator being identified, the recoverable amount of the Clara platform was estimated and compared 
against its carrying value. An impairment of $11.2 million was recorded.  

The recoverable amount of the Clara CGU is based on the fair value less cost of disposal (“FVLCD”) 
expected to be derived from the platform. The determination of FVLCD requires use of Level 1 valuation 
inputs.  

As part of the purchase, contingent consideration was agreed to and will be recognized as additional 
purchase  consideration  for  the  intangible  asset,  if  the  obliging  events  occur.  The  contingent 
consideration  consists  of  a  profit-sharing  allocation:  cash  payments  based  on  3.45%  of  the  annual 
Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depletion and Amortization (“EBITDA”) generated by the sales platform 
and a pre-existing 13.3% annual EBITDA performance based contingent payments payable to the  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    20 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
9. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS (continued) 
founders of the technology, to a maximum of $20.9 million per year for 10 years and additional Lucara 
share payments to a combined maximum of 13.4 million shares if certain revenue triggers are reached 
beginning at $200 million of cumulative revenue to $1.6 billion of cumulative revenue. As of December 
31, 2023, no contingent consideration has been recorded as no payment triggers are projected to occur. 

10. CREDIT FACILITIES 

  Current 
  Working capital facility 
  Revolving credit facility 

    Deferred financing fees (Note 5) 

  Non-current 
  Project finance facility, net of fees 
  Due to related parties 

    Deferred financing fees 

Senior secured project facility 

2023 

2022 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

35,000 
- 
- 

86,515 
15,000 
(4,122) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

15,000 
338 
(975) 

62,151 
- 
(5,410) 

On July 12, 2022, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Lucara Botswana, with Lucara Diamond 
Corp.  as  sponsor  and  guarantor,  entered  into  a  senior  secured  project  financing  debt  package  of 
$220 million with a syndicate of five mandated lead arrangers (the “Lenders”): African Export-Import 
Bank (Afreximbank), Africa Finance Corp., ING, Natixis, and Société Générale, London Branch.   

The Facilities were made up of the Project Finance Facility of $170.0 million to fund the development 
of an underground expansion at the Karowe Mine, and a $50.0 million senior secured Working Capital 
Facility, utilized to repay the Company’s previous $50.0 million revolving credit facility.  

The Project Finance Facility may be used to fund the development, construction costs and construction 
phase operating costs of the underground expansion project as well as financing costs on the Facilities. 
As at December 31, 2023, $90.0 million of the $170.0 million facility was drawn.  

Subsequent to year-end, the Company completed the Rebase Amendments with its lenders to modify 
the repayment schedule, adjust the Facilities to include a project finance facility of $190.0 million and 
$30.0 million working capital facility, extend the maturity date of its WCF to June 30, 2031 and certain 
other terms.    

Under the Rebase Amendments, the Project Finance Facility matures on June 30, 2031, with quarterly 
repayments commencing on September 30, 2028. The Project Loan bears interest at Term SOFR plus 
a margin of 6.5% annually until the project completion date, 6.0% annually from project completion to 
June 30, 2029, and 7.0% annually thereafter. Commitment fees for the undrawn portion of the Project 
Loan are 35% of the margin. 

The WCF may be used for working capital and other corporate purposes. As at December 31, 2023, 
$35.0 million of the $50.0 million facility was drawn. Following the Rebase Amendments, this facility 
bears interest at Term SOFR plus a margin of 6.5% annually for the period commencing from the date 
of  the  amendment  to  projection  completion,  6.25%  from  project  completion  to  June  30,  2029,  and 
7.25% annually thereafter with commitment fees for the undrawn portion at 35% of the margin.  

Prior to June 30, 2025, extended in connection with the Rebase Amendments, the Company is required 
to  place  $61.7  million  in  a  COF  as  a  condition  of  the  Facilities.  The  Facilities  Agreement  includes 
specific provisions for how and when these funds may be released from the COF. The COF balance 
was $18.6 million as at December 31, 2023. The Company is required to fund the remaining balance 
with the proceeds from the sale of exceptional stones and cashflow from operations. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    21 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
10. CREDIT FACILITIES (continued) 

The Company incurred $11.3 million of debt advisory, legal and due diligence fees in conjunction with 
arranging the initial 2021 Facilities. Costs of $8.7 million were allocated to the Project Loan and initially 
recorded as deferred financing fees that are subsequently transferred as transaction costs proportional 
to  the  amount  drawn  under  the  Project  Loan.  Costs  of  $2.6  million  were  allocated  to  the  WCF  as 
deferred financing fees, fully amortized. Transaction costs under the Project Loan are amortized over 
the remaining facility terms. 

As at December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Facilities but 
until the Rebase Amendments became effective, the Company was not permitted further draws from 
the Facilities.  

Interest rate swap agreements 

On December 14, 2021, under the terms of the Project Loan, the Company became party to a series 
of  interest  rate  swap  agreements  on  75%  of  the  principal  amount  available,  up  to  $127.5  million. 
Structured  around  the  original  expected  Project  Loan  drawdown  schedule,  the  Company  receives 
interest at the rate equivalent to the three-month USD LIBOR and pays interest at a fixed rate of 1.682% 
on a quarterly basis. Effective June 30, 2023, the interest rate swaps were amended to replace LIBOR 
with Term SOFR plus a credit adjustment spread. The final interest rate swap matures on March 31, 
2028. 

As  at  December  31,  2023  the  interest  rate  swaps  had  a  total  unrealized  fair  value  of  $8.1  million 
(December 31, 2022: $9.8 million), of which $3.0 million has been classified as a current asset. A loss 
of $1.7 million was recognized in 2023 for the movement in the unrealized fair value (December 31, 
2022: gain of $10.7 million). The fair value of the interest rate swap is based on the difference between 
the three-month USD Term SOFR forward curve and the fixed rate of 1.682%, with the net interest due 
in the next twelve months classified as current.  

Debenture 

In  connection  with  the  Rebase  Amendments  (Note  1),  in  August  2023  the  Company’s  largest 
shareholder, Nemesia provided a liquidity support guarantee of up to $15.0 million in aggregate (the 
"Liquidity Guarantee"). As consideration for providing the Liquidity Guarantee, Lucara issued 450,000 
common shares to Nemesia. In November 2023, the Company provided noticed under the Liquidity 
Guarantee and issued the $15.0 million debenture (the "Debenture") to Nemesia and issued 450,000 
common shares to Nemesia as a fee upon execution of the Debenture.  For each $500,000 outstanding 
under the Debenture, the Company is required to issue, subject to the receipt of all required regulatory 
approvals, 7,500 common shares per month to Nemesia until the amounts borrowed are repaid. The 
Debenture matures August 29, 2029. As of December 31, 2023 a total of 127,500 shares were issued 
in consideration for amounts borrowed. 

Clara revolving credit facility 

On September 28, 2022, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Clara, with Lucara Diamond Corp. 
as  guarantor,  entered  into  a  revolving  credit  facility  agreement  of  $4.0  million  with  FirstRand  Bank 
Limited, acting through its Rand Merchant Bank Division (the “Clara Facility”).  The Clara Facility is 
used for inventory and working capital purposes. During the year, an agreement was reached to extend 
the Facility for a further year, until September 28, 2024. As at December 31, 2023, $nil (December 31, 
2022: $0.3 million) of the facility was drawn. The facility bears interest at SOFR plus a margin of 6.0%.  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    22 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
11. RESTORATION PROVISIONS 

The Company’s restoration provisions relate to the rehabilitation of the Karowe Mine in Botswana. The 
provisions have been calculated based on total estimated rehabilitation costs and discounted back to 
their present values. The pre-tax discount rates and inflation rates are adjusted annually and reflect 
current market assessments. The Company has applied a pre-tax discount rate of 8.7% at December 
31, 2023 (2022 – 8.5%) and an annual inflation rate of 4.5% at December 31, 2023 (2022 – 4.6%). 
Rehabilitation costs at the Karowe Mine are expected to commence during 2046 (the end of the current 
mining license). The estimated liability for reclamation and remediation costs on an undiscounted basis 
is approximately $34.2 million (2022 - $33.0 million). 

Balance, beginning of year 

Changes in rates and estimates 
Accretion of liability component of obligation  
Foreign currency translation adjustment 

$ 

2023 
13,649 

2022 
$               15,346 

(472) 
1,205 
(644) 

(1,669) 
1,202 
(1,230) 

Restoration provisions 

$       

13,738 

$               13,649 

12.  SHARE CAPITAL 

During the year ended December 31, 2023, 1,027,500 common shares ($0.3 million), were issued to 
Nemesia  consisting  of  900,000  common  shares  for  providing  access  to  a  liquidity  guarantee  and 
127,500 common shares for payment of interest on its Debenture (Note 10).  

Under  the  Project  Loan  (Note  10),  the  Company’s  largest  shareholder,  Nemesia  provided  a  limited 
standby undertaking to the Company of up to $25.0 million in the event of a funding shortfall occurring 
up to September 2, 2024. Subsequent to year-end, Nemesia amended the limited standby undertaking 
to  an  amount  of  up  to  $63.0  million.  The  standby  undertaking  consists  of  two  components:  i)  an 
undertaking to support the requirement to fill the COF to $61.7 million by June 30, 2025 and ii) in the 
event of a funding shortfall, support up to $35.0 million occurring prior to project completion. A further 
1,900,000 common shares were paid as consideration in January 2024. 

A further 600,000 common shares will be issuable should the undertaking be called upon.  For each 
$500,000 drawn down under the standby undertaking, the Company will be required to issue 5,000 
common shares per month to Nemesia until the amounts borrowed are repaid. 

13.  SHARE BASED COMPENSATION 

a.  Stock options 

The Company’s stock option plan (the ‘Option Plan’) was approved by the Company’s Shareholders 
initially  on  May  13,  2015  and  has  since  been  amended,  with  Shareholder  approval,  several  times.  
Amendments  to  the  Option  Plan  were  most  recently  approved  by  Shareholders  on  May  12,  2023. 
Under  the  terms  of  the  amended  Option  Plan,  a  maximum  of  10,000,000  shares  are  reserved  for 
issuance upon the exercise of stock options.  The Option Plan provides the Board of Directors with 
discretion to determine the vesting period for each stock option grant.  Options historically vest in thirds 
over a three-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant and expire four years 
from the date of grant. Options granted in 2023 cliff vest following a three-year period and expire five 
years from the date of grant. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    23 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
13.  SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 

Movements in the number of stock options outstanding and their related weighted average exercise 
prices are as follows: 

Number of shares issuable 
pursuant to stock options 

Weighted average exercise 
price per share (CA$) 

Balance at January 1, 2022 
Granted 
Expired 
Forfeited 

Balance at December 31, 2022 
Granted 
Expired 
Forfeited 

Balance at December 31, 2023 

6,249,000 
2,332,000 
(1,065,000) 
(1,102,000) 

6,414,000 
2,412,000 
(1,134,000) 
(1,148,000) 

6,544,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1.26 
0.66 
2.35 
1.06 

0.89 
0.57 
1.64 
0.65 

0.68 

Options granted to acquire common shares are outstanding at December 31, 2023 as follows: 

Outstanding Options 

Exercisable Options 

Range of 
exercise 
prices CA$ 
$0.50 - $0.74 
$0.75 - $0.79 

Number of 
options 
outstanding 
3,765,000 
2,779,000 
6,544,000 

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life (years) 
3.21 
0.73 
2.16  $ 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
(CA$) 
0.61 
0.78 
0.68 

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life (years) 
2.78 
0.67 
1.40  $ 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
(CA$) 
0.63 
0.78 
0.73 

Number of 
options 
exercisable 
1,284,999 
2,404,000 
3,688,999 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  an  amount  of  $0.3  million  (2022  –  $0.4  million)  was 
charged  to  operations  in  recognition  of  share-based  compensation  expense,  based  on  the  vesting 
schedule for the options granted. 

The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option 
pricing model with weighted average assumptions and resulting values for grants as follows: 

Assumptions: 

Risk-free interest rate (%) 
Expected life (years) 
Expected volatility (%) 
Expected dividend 

Results: 

2023 

2.99 
4.54 
49.81 
Nil 

2022 

1.59 
3.63 
51.56 
Nil 

Weighted average fair value of options granted (per option) 

CA$0.25        

CA$0.25        

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    24 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
13.  SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 
b.  Restricted and performance share units 

The  Company  has  a  share  unit  (“SU”)  plan  that  provides  for  the  issuance  of  SUs  as  a  long-term 
incentive  for  certain  members  of  the  management  team.  Amendments  to  the  SU  plan,  including  a 
decrease in the common shares reserved for issuance upon the vesting of SUs to 17,000,000 were 
approved by Shareholders at the May 12, 2023 annual meeting.  

SUs  typically  vest  three  years  from  the  date  of  grant  and  certain  share  units  include  performance 
metrics, some of which provide for annual vesting.  Each SU entitles the holder to receive one common 
share and the cumulative dividend equivalent SU earned during the SU’s vesting period.  The value 
of each SU at the vesting date is equal to the closing value of one Lucara common share plus the 
cumulative dividend equivalent which was earned over the vesting period.  

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a share-based payment charge of 
$0.8 million (2022 – $1.3 million) for the SUs granted. 

Balance at January 1, 2022 

Granted  
Redeemed 

Balance at December 31, 2022 

Granted  
Redeemed 
Cancelled 

Balance at December 31, 2023 

c.  Deferred share units (“DSUs”) 

Number of share units 

Estimated fair value at  
date of grant (CA$) 

5,234,848 
2,860,000 
(1,038,848) 

7,056,000 

3,337,000 
(2,876,001) 
(3,902,999) 

3,614,000 

 $   0.83 
0.64 
1.14 

                     $ 0.71 

0.57 
0.74 
0.62 

                     $   0.65 

The Company’s deferred share unit plan was approved by the Company’s Shareholders initially on 
May 8, 2020. Amendments providing for the issuance of up to 4,500,000 DSUs to eligible directors 
were most recently approved on May 12, 2023. Directors can elect to receive up to 100% of their fees 
earned in DSUs, awarded quarterly. DSUs vest immediately and are paid out upon retirement from the 
Board of Directors of the Company. Each DSU entitles the holder to receive one common share and 
the cumulative dividend equivalent DSU earned prior to the payout date.  The value of each DSU at 
the grant date is equal to the closing value of one Lucara common share. The DSU Plan is a cash-
settled share-based compensation plan and is recorded as a liability. Upon payout, the director can 
elect to receive the value in cash or common shares of the Company.      

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a share-based payment charge of 
$0.4 million (2022 – $0.3 million) related to the DSUs granted. 

Balance at January 1, 2022 

Granted 
Balance at December 31, 2022 

Granted 
Balance at December 31, 2023 

Number of DSUs  Estimated fair value (CA$) 

1,234,510 

881,593 
2,116,103 

1,056,053 
3,172,156 

  $       

  $ 
  $       

  $ 
  $       

0.59  

0.58 
0.50 

0.47 
0.49 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    25 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
14. PRINCIPAL SUBSIDIARIES 

The Company had the following direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries at December 31, 2023   
and 2022: 

Name 
African Diamonds Limited. 
Clara Diamond Solutions BV(2)  
Clara Diamond Solutions Limited Partnership  
Clara Diamond Solutions GP Inc. 
Lucara Management Services Limited 
Lucara Diamond Holdings Inc. 
Boteti Diamond Holdings Inc. 
Wati Ventures Proprietary Limited 
Debwat Exploration Proprietary Limited 
Lucara Botswana Proprietary Limited 

(1)  Intermediate holding company 
(2)  Incorporated March 14, 2022 

Country of 
incorporation and 
place of business 
UK 
Belgium 
Canada 
Canada 
UK 
Mauritius 
Mauritius 
Botswana 
Botswana 
Botswana 

Nature of business 
(1) 
(1) 
Diamond sales platform 
(1) 
(1) 
(1) 
(1) 
(1) 
(1) 
Diamond mining 

The  Company  has  pledged  the  shares  held  in  Lucara  Botswana  Proprietary  Limited,  through  the 
various  intermediate  holding  companies,  to  secure  the  Facilities  (Note  10).  The  Company  is  not 
allowed to pledge the shares held as security for other borrowings. 

15.  REVENUE 

2023 

2022 

Revenue from diamond sales 

$ 

177,371  $ 

212,934 

Revenue from diamond sales includes $20.2 million (2022: $36.9 million) in diamond sales to HB that 
is considered variable.  

The Company’s right to consideration is contingent upon the manufactured diamond being sold to an 
end  buyer,  with  market  conditions  and  the  current  estimated  polished  value  provided  by  HB  (on  a 
stone-by-stone  basis)  being  considered  in  estimating  the  amount  of  variable  consideration  that  is 
highly probable as at the reporting date.  

At  December  31,  2023,  an  advance  of  $20.0  million  (December  31,  2022  -  $12.0  million)  was 
received  from  HB  as  a  prepayment  on  the  549-carat  Sethunya  diamond.  Revenue  will  be 
recognized when the manufactured diamonds are sold and will be based on the actual sales price 
less a fee and the cost of manufacturing. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    26 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
16.  ADMINISTRATION 

Salaries and benefits  
Professional fees  
Insurance, office, and general 
Promotion  
Stock exchange, transfer agent, shareholder communication 
Travel 
Share-based compensation (Note 13) 
Depreciation 
Sustainability and donations(1) 

$ 

$ 

17.  INCOME TAXES 

Current 
Deferred 
Income tax expense  

2023 

7,797 
4,870 
1,698   
1,054   
334   
727 
1,440   
815   
880 
19,615 

$ 

$ 

2022 

7,849 
3,070 
2,038 
1,136 
306 
1,086 
1,977 
446 
1,211 
19,119 

2023 

2022 

$             3,483   $               307   

$ 

29,268 
24,071 
32,751    $          24,378  

Income tax expense differs from the amount that would result from applying the Canadian federal and 
provincial income tax rates to net income before tax. These differences result from the following items: 

  Statutory tax rate 

  Net (loss) income before tax 

  Computed income tax expense 
  Differences between Canadian and foreign tax rates 
  Differences in Botswana variable tax rates 
  Non-deductible expenses and other permanent differences 
  Change in deferred tax assets not recognized 
  Other 
  Withholding taxes 

2023 

2022 

27.00% 

27.00% 

12,560 

64,811 

3,391 
(1,880) 
19,352 
2,542 
4,613 
3,793 
940 

17,499 
(3,729) 
7,702 
1,179 
1,912 
– 
(185) 

$ 

32,751 

$ 

24,378 

The Company is subject to a variable tax rate in Botswana based on a profit and revenue ratio which 
increases as profit as a percentage of revenue increases. The lowest variable tax rate is 22% while 
the highest variable tax rate is 55% (only if taxable income were equal to revenue).  The Company 
has estimated the variable tax rate to be 37.8% in 2023 (2022: 33.0%) for deferred income taxes based 
on current financial performance and the life of mine plan which includes the Karowe underground 
expansion.  

The Company has not recognized deferred tax liabilities in respect of historical unremitted earnings 
from foreign subsidiaries for which the Company is able to control the timing of the remittance and 
which are considered by the Company to be reinvested for the foreseeable future. At December 31, 
2023, these earnings amount to $192.7 million (2022: $198.3 million). All of these earnings would be 
subject to withholding taxes if they were remitted by the foreign subsidiaries. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    27 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
17.  INCOME TAXES (continued) 

The movement in deferred tax liabilities during the year, without taking into consideration the offsetting 
balances within the same tax jurisdiction, are as follows: 

Balance, beginning of year 

Deferred income tax expense 
Foreign currency translation adjustment 

2023 

2022 
87,808  $               70,285 

$ 

29,268                   24,071    
(4,313) 

(6,548) 

Balance, end of year 

$        112,763  $               87,808 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities recognized 

2023 

2022 

Deferred income tax assets 
   Non-capital losses 
   Accounts payable and other 
   Unrealized foreign exchange loss 
   Restoration provisions 

$ 

16,325  $ 

2,059 
978 
3,022 

11,723 
– 
1,144 
3,003 

Total deferred income tax assets 

22,384 

15,870 

Deferred income tax liabilities 
   Mineral properties, plant and equipment 
   Other 

Deferred income tax liabilities 

135,147 
- 

101,268 
2,410 

135,147 

103,678 

Deferred income tax liabilities, net 

$ 

112,763  $ 

87,808 

Deferred income tax assets not recognized 

2023 

2022 

  Tax losses 
  Mineral properties, plant and equipment 
  Other deductible temporary differences 

$ 

$ 

35,346  $ 
379 
262 

29,728 
59 
445 

35,987  $ 

30,232 

As at December 31, 2023, the Company has non-capital losses for income tax purposes which expire 
as follows: 

2024 

2025 

2026 

Subsequent 
to 2026 

No expiry 
date 

Total 

Botswana 
Canada 
United Kingdom 

$ 

$ 

–  $ 
– 
– 

–  $ 

 –  $ 
– 
– 

–  $ 

–  $ 
– 
– 

–  $ 

121,547 
– 

55,418  $ 
– 
5,619 

55,418 
121,547 
5,619 

–  $ 

121,547  $ 

61,037  $ 

182,584 

No tax benefit has been recorded for the Canadian and United Kingdom non-capital losses. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    28 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
17.  INCOME TAXES (continued) 

Various tax matters are outstanding from time to time. Judgements and assumptions regarding these 
matters are subject to risk and uncertainty, hence there is a possibility that changes in circumstances 
will alter expectations. If management’s estimate of the future resolution of these matters changes, the 
Company will recognize the effects of these changes in the consolidated financial statements on the 
date such changes occur. Lucara Botswana received an additional assessment from the Botswana 
Unified  Revenue  Service  for  the  fiscal  years  2016  -  2020  related  to  the  tax  deductibility  of  certain 
expenditures associated with the Company’s operations in Botswana. The additional taxes, interest 
and penalties assessed for the fiscal years 2016-2020 were approximately $7.0 million. The Company 
has paid the additional assessment and filed a notice of objection. The Company believes that its tax 
positions are valid and intends to vigorously defend its tax filing positions.  

18. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE 

a)  Basic  
Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing the net income or loss attributable to the 
shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during 
the year. 

b)  Diluted 
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of common shares 
outstanding  to  assume  conversion  of  all  dilutive  potential  common  shares.  For  stock  options,  a 
calculation  is  done  to  determine  the  number  of  shares  that  could  have  been acquired  at  fair  value 
(determined as the average market share price of the Company’s outstanding shares for the year), 
based on the exercise prices attached to the stock options. The number of shares calculated below is 
compared with the number of shares that would have been issued assuming the exercise of stock 
options. Share units are, by their nature, dilutive and included in the calculation on a weighted average 
basis during the year. 

2023 

2022 

  Net (loss) income for the year  

$ 

(20,191)  $ 

40,434 

  Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 
  Adjustment for share units 
  Weighted average number of common shares for diluted 

earnings per share 

454,781,585 
- 

  453,479,480 
8,473,773 

454,781,585 

  461,953,253 

Basic and diluted earnings per share  

$ 

(0.04)  $ 

0.09 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    29 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
19.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

a)  Key management compensation 

Key management personnel are those persons having the authority and responsibility for planning, 
directing  and  controlling  the  activities  of  the  Company,  directly  or  indirectly.  Key  management 
personnel include the Company’s named executive officers and members of its Board of Directors. 
The remuneration of key management personnel was as follows: 

  Salaries and wages 
  Short term benefits 
  Share based compensation 

b)  Clara acquisition 

$ 

$ 

2023 

3,637 
34 
991 
4,662 

$ 

$ 

2022 

2,256 
27 
1,226 
3,509 

At the time of Lucara’s acquisition of Clara, a former officer of the Company was also a shareholder of 
Clara.  If  all  the  Clara  performance  milestones  are  reached,  this  individual  will  receive  an  additional 
74,999 common shares of Lucara.  Following the acquisition of Clara, Lucara appointed a new director 
and a new officer, each of whom had been a shareholder of Clara at the time of its acquisition by the 
Company.  If  all  the  Clara  performance  milestones  are  reached,  these  individuals  will  be  entitled  to 
receive an additional 600,000 common shares and 74,999 common shares of Lucara. 

Pursuant to the profit sharing described in Note 9, a total of 3.45% of the EBITDA generated by the 
platform has been assigned to a former director and officer of Lucara, both founders of Clara.  A further 
3.22% of the EBITDA generated by the platform may be distributed to a member and former member 
of management, at the discretion of Lucara’s Compensation Committee, based on the achievement of 
key  performance  targets.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  no  amounts  have  been  paid  under  this  profit 
sharing mechanism to date. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    30 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
20.  SEGMENT INFORMATION 

The Company’s primary business activity is the operation of an open-pit diamond mine in Botswana. 
The Company has two operating segments: Karowe Mine and Corporate and other. 

Revenues(1) 

Income (loss) from operations 
Finance expenses 
Loss on derivative financial instrument 
Exploration 
Foreign exchange loss  
Loss on disposal of assets  
Administrative and other  
Taxes  

2023 

  Karowe Mine 

Corporate 
and other 

Total 

$        172,400 

$        4,971 

$     177,371 

62,536 
(6,093) 
(1,712) 
(1,244) 
(4,823) 
(943) 
(11,517) 
(32,489) 

(2,120) 
1,587 
– 
– 
(351) 
– 
(22,760) 
(262) 

60,416 
(4,506) 
(1,712) 
(1,244) 
(5,174) 
(943) 
(34,277) 
(32,751) 

Net income (loss) for the year 

$           3,715   $     (23,906) 

$     (20,191) 

Capital expenditures 

Total assets 

  $       115,683 

$           112 

$    115,795 

  $       566,382 

$        9,421 

$    575,803 

Revenues(1) 

Income (loss) from operations 
Finance expenses 
Gain on derivative financial instrument 
Exploration 
Foreign exchange loss 
Administrative and other  
Taxes  

2022 

  Karowe Mine 

Corporate 
and other 

Total 

$        203,803 

$        9,131 

$     212,934 

86,722 
(3,420) 
10,662 
(835) 
(3,912) 
(10,255) 
(24,089) 

(2,120) 
(270) 
– 
– 
(20) 
(11,740) 
(289) 

84,602 
(3,690) 
  10,662 
(835) 
(3,932) 
(21,995) 
(24,378) 

Net income (loss) for the year 

$          54,873 

$     (14,439) 

$      40,434 

Capital expenditures 

Total assets 

  $        125,331 

$             90 

$    125,421 

  $        470,814 

$      25,025 

$    495,839 

(1)  During the year ended December 31, 2023, one customer generated 60% (2022 – 60%) of the Company’s 

revenue.  

The geographic distribution of non-current assets is as follows: 

Plant and equipment 

Mineral properties 

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022 

Other 

2023 

$ 

Canada 
Belgium 
Botswana 

130  $ 
8 
124,845 

225  $ 

40 
87,974 

         –   $ 
         – 
287,245 

–   $ 
– 
244,130 

7,022  $ 
– 
70,622  

$ 

124,983  $ 

88,239  $ 

287,245  $ 

244,130  $ 

77,644  $ 

2022 

18,886 
– 
44,245 

63,131 

Depletion and amortization expense for Karowe Mine and Corporate and other during the year ended 
December 31, 2023 totaled $16.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively (2022 – $23.8 million and $1.6 
million).  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    31 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
21.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

a)  Measurement categories and fair values 

Financial  assets  and  liabilities  have  been  classified  into  categories  that  determine  their  basis  of 
measurement.  Those  categories  are  fair  value  through  profit  and  loss;  fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income and amortized cost.  

The value of the Company’s financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income 
is derived from quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The fair value of all other financial 
instruments  of  the  Company  approximates  their  carrying  values  because  of  the  demand  nature  or 
short-term maturity of these instruments. 

b)  Fair value hierarchy 

The  following  table  classifies  financial  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  recognized  at  fair  value  in  a 
hierarchy that is based on significance of the inputs used in making the measurements. The levels in 
the hierarchy are: 
Level 1 -   Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 
Level 2 -  Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or 
liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices). 
Level 3 -  Inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  data  (that  is, 

unobservable inputs). 

2023 

2022 

Level 1: Fair value through other comprehensive income 
– Investments 

Level 2: Derivative financial instruments 

$ 

$ 

811 

$ 

8,107  $ 

661 

9,820 

Level 3: N/A 

c)  Financial risk management 

The Company’s financial instruments are exposed to certain financial risks, including currency, credit, 
liquidity and price risks. 

Currency risk 
The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to fluctuating foreign exchange rates. All sales 
revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars, while directly related costs are denominated in Botswana 
Pula. At December 31, 2023, the Company was exposed to currency risk relating to U.S. dollar cash 
held within its subsidiaries with Canadian or Pula functional currency. Based on this exposure, a 10% 
change in the U.S. dollar exchange rate would give rise to an increase/decrease of approximately $3.2 
million in net income for the period.   

Liquidity risk  
Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  Company  will  not  be  able  to  meet  its  financial  obligations  as  they 
become  due.  To  manage  liquidity  risk,  regular  cash  flow  forecasting  is  performed  in  the  operating 
entities  of  the  Company  and  aggregated  in  the  head  office  to  understand  what  level  of  capital  is 
required.  Rolling  forecasts  of  the  Company’s  liquidity  requirements  are  prepared  and  monitored  to 
assess  whether  there  is  sufficient  cash  available  to  meet  the  Company’s  short  and  longer-term 
operational needs. Such forecasting takes into consideration the Company’s ability to generate cash 
from the sale of diamonds and additional liquidity which can be accessed through the working capital 
facility. 

The contractual maturities of long-term debt, and interest rate swaps are disclosed in Note 10. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    32 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
21. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

Subsequent to December 31, 2023, as part of the Rebase Amendments, the Company received an 
extension on its WCF to June 30, 2031 and the amount of the WCF was amended to $30.0 million. 
Historically, the Company has used the WCF to manage its short-term working capital requirements.  

As a condition of the Facilities Agreement, the Company is required to place $61.7 million in the COF 
by June 30, 2025.  The Facilities Agreement includes specific provisions for how and when these funds 
may  be  released.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  the  COF  balance  was  $18.6  million.  This  amount  is 
classified within other non-current assets.  

Further details regarding the Company’s liquidity risk are disclosed in Note 1 and 10. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to 
meet its contractual obligations. The Company limits its credit exposure on cash and cash equivalents 
by  holding  its  deposits  with  international  financial  institutions  with  strong  investment-grade  ratings. 
Considering the nature of the Company’s ultimate customers and the relevant terms and conditions 
entered into with such customers, the Company believes that credit risk is limited as goods are not 
released until full payment is received when goods are sold through tender or on Clara.  

On  September  28,  2023,  the  Company  terminated  the  sales  agreement  with  HB.  The  termination 
increased the credit risk on amounts due from HB.  Under the terms of this sales agreement, a larger 
proportion of the Company’s goods, by value, were sold through HB to buyers of polished diamonds. 
The credit risk associated with these sales was concentrated with HB, a single customer, and payment 
terms were longer (60 to 120 days) than the Company’s traditional tender sales and sales held through 
Clara (5 days). The Company maintained legal title over goods sold to HB until the initial determined 
estimated polished price was paid and monitored outstanding amounts for collectability. All amounts 
are current at December 31, 2023.  

The carrying amount of financial assets recorded in the financial statements, net of any allowance for 
losses, represents the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk.  

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows or a financial instrument will fluctuate 
because of changes in the market interest rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in 
market interest rates relates primarily to the credit facility obligations that reference floating interest 
rates. 

The Company mitigates interest rate risk on its Project Finance Facility through interest rate swaps 
that exchange the variable rate inherent in the term debt for a fixed rate (see Note 10).  Therefore, 
fluctuations in market interest rates should not materially impact future cash flows related to the credit 
facilities.  Changes  in  the  fair  value  of  the  derivative  financial  instrument  will  however  fluctuate  in 
response to changing market interest rates that will result in a corresponding credit or charge to profit. 

In December 2021, the Company entered into contracts to exchange the variable interest rate (three-
month USD LIBOR; amended to Term SOFR) for a fixed interest rate of 1.682% on 75% of its expected 
borrowings  from  the  Project  Loan  (approximately  $127.5  million).  Interest  rates  increased  rapidly 
through 2022. The Company is exposed to these interest rate increases through 25% of its expected 
borrowings from the Project Loan, amounts drawn from its WCF and from its revolving facility. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    33 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
21. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

Price risk  
The Company derives its income from the sale of rough diamonds mined in Botswana, margin earned 
on the sale of rough diamonds sold through Clara and polished diamond sales through HB. The price 
and marketability of these diamonds can be significantly impacted by international economic trends, 
global or regional consumption, demand and supply patterns and the availability of capital for diamond 
manufacturers, all factors that are not within the Company’s control. Under the sales arrangements 
with HB, the ultimate achieved sales prices of stones larger than 10.8 carats in size was based on a 
polished  diamond  pricing  mechanism.  This  pricing  mechanism  resulted  in  the  Company’s  revenue 
being exposed to a greater extent to the price movements in the polished diamond market than through 
its traditional tender process for rough diamonds. The pricing of both polished and rough diamonds 
softened in the first half of 2023 following significant price improvements between late 2021 and mid-
2022.  

To the extent that the supply of rough or polished diamonds exceeds demand, this is likely to result in 
price deterioration and negatively impact the Company’s revenue and ability to generate positive cash 
flow from operations. 

22.  COMMITMENTS 

As  at  December  31,  2023,  purchase  orders  and  contracts  that  give  rise  to  commitments  for  future 
minimum payments for services to be provided related to the underground expansion project amounted 
to $77.2 million (December 31, 2022 - $111.5 million). The following table summarizes the approximate 
timing of the commitments (undiscounted) at December 31, 2023: 

2024 

2025 

2026 

2027 and 
2028 

Total 

Underground expansion 
project 

23.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

$ million 

36.3 

24.2 

12.7 

4.0 

77.2 

The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue 
as a going concern to pursue the development of its mineral properties and to maintain a flexible capital 
structure which optimizes costs of capital at an acceptable risk. 

In  the  management  of  capital,  the  Company  considers  items  included  in  equity  attributable  to 
shareholders and the Facilities to be capital. 

The Company manages the capital structure and adjusts it in light of changes in economic conditions 
and the risk characteristics of the Company’s assets. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the 
company may attempt to issue new shares or debt instruments, acquire or dispose of assets, or to bring 
in joint venture partners. 

To facilitate the management of its capital requirements, the Company prepares annual expenditures 
budgets and life-of-mine plans which are updated as necessary depending on various factors, including 
successful capital deployment and general industry conditions. The annual and updated budgets and 
life-of-mine plan are approved by the Board of Directors. 

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    34 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
24. IMPAIRMENT TEST – KAROWE MINE 

The Company completed an assessment of impairment indicators for the Karowe Cash Generating 
Unit (“CGU”), comprised of mineral properties, plant and equipment. On July 16, 2023, the Company 
announced an update to the UGP schedule that extended the anticipated duration of construction and 
increased the estimated capital cost.  This update was considered to be an indicator of impairment at 
June 30, 2023. No additional indicators of impairment have been noted as at December 31, 2023. 

As a result of an impairment indicator being identified, the recoverable amount of the Karowe CGU 
was estimated and compared against its carrying value. No impairment was identified. 

The recoverable amount of the Karowe CGU is based on the discounted projected after-tax cash flows 
expected to be derived from the mining properties and represents the CGU’s fair value less cost of 
disposal (“FVLCD”). The determination of FVLCD requires use of Level 2 and Level 3 valuation inputs.  
The significant assumptions that impact the discounted projected cash flows used in determining the 
FVLCD are set out below.  

Significant assumptions as at June 30, 2023 

Discount rate 

Economically 
recoverable reserves, 
including production 
timing and volume 

Diamond prices 

A discount rate of 11.0%, calculated based on a real weighted cost of 
capital including the effect of factors such as market, project, and country 
risk. 
The current  Karowe  mine  plan  anticipates  planned commencement  of 
production from the underground by mid-2028. 

Production  volumes  and  life  of  mine  plans  include  economically 
recoverable  reserves  from  the  most  recent  reserve  and  resource 
estimate based on technical studies undertaken in-house and by third 
party specialists that consider internal management forecasts and long-
term development plans and expectations for the Karowe mine.  

The  current  mine  plan  does  not  assume  the  conversion  of  additional 
resources which are not currently categorized as reserves.  
The  diamond  price  range  is  between  $392  and  $828  per  carat, 
depending on the source of the ore, and these prices have been set with 
reference to recently achieved pricing and market trends, supported by 
industry views of long-term diamond market fundamentals.  

Diamond prices are not escalated and remain unchanged over the life of 
mine. The estimated contribution of exceptional diamonds, defined as an 
individual diamond sold for more than $10.0 million, is determined with 
reference to historical trends and management’s expectations based on 
the source of future production.  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    35 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LUCARA DIAMOND CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
24. IMPAIRMENT TEST – KAROWE MINE (continued) 

Capital expenditure to 
complete development of the 
UGP, production costs and 
future sustaining capital 
expenditures 

Exchange rates 

Capital  to  complete  development  of  the  UGP  is  based  on  the 
revised project schedule and an estimated cost to complete of $419 
million at June 30, 2023. 

Exchange rates are estimated based on an assessment of current 
market fundamentals and long-term expectations. With operations 
in Botswana, a large proportion of operating costs and sustaining 
capital  expenditure  is  denominated  in  Botswana  pula.  The 
exchange rate range used for the Karowe CGU is between 12.50 
and 13.00 Botswana pula to the U.S. dollar. 

Sensitivity analysis Q2 2023 

The Company analyzed the sensitivity of the impairment test to reasonably possible changes in the 
significant assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount for the Karowe CGU. At June 30, 
2023, no changes to any of the significant assumptions would, individually, result in an impairment of 
the CGU:  

• 

Increase in discount rate by 3%; 

•  Reducing diamond pricing by 15% over the life of mine; 

•  Reducing production over the life of mine by 10%, through lower grades, recovery rates or 

a combination of these and other factors; 

• 

Increasing  underground  project  capex,  operating  cost  and  sustaining  capital  by  20%, 
whether through escalation of costs, the impact of changes in foreign exchange rate or 
other factors. 

25. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

On  February  18,  2024,  the  Company  announced  the  signing  of  a  New  Diamond  Sales  Agreement 
(“NDSA”) with HB in respect of all qualifying diamonds produced in excess of 10.8 carats in size from 
the  Karowe  Mine.  The  NDSA  is  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Company's  project  lenders  and  the 
Government of the Republic of Botswana. Upon such approval, the agreement terms will be effective 
retroactively from December 1, 2023. Since that time, Lucara has continued to supply qualifying rough 
diamonds to HB in order to fund its operations and the Karowe UGP. 

Additional subsequent events are disclosed in Note 1 and 10.  

L u c a r a  D i a m o n d  C o r p .                                                                                                    36 | P a g e