UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
or
For the transition period from ________to ________
Commission File No. 000-24657
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Texas
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
1410 Lakeside Parkway, Suite 200,
Flower Mound, Texas
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
75-2508900
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
75028
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (972) 471-7400
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol(s)
MTEX
Name of each exchange on which registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of
“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicated by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b)
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to
previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers
during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).Yes No
At June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second quarter, the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was
$11,697,788 based on the closing sale price of $12.01, as reported on The Nasdaq Global Select Market.
The number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding as of February 29, 2024 was 1,884,814 shares.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Mannatech, Incorporated incorporates information required by Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14) of this report by reference to its definitive proxy statement for its 2024 annual shareholders’ meeting
to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A no later than 120 days after the end of its fiscal year.
Auditor Firm Id: 243 Auditor Name: BDO USA, P.C. Auditor Location: Dallas, Texas, USA
Table of Contents
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1
Item 1A
Item 1B
Item 1C
Item 2
Item 3
Item 4
Item 5
Item 6
Item 7
Item 7A
Item 8
Item 9
Item 9A
Item 9B
Item 9C
Item 10
Item 11
Item 12
Item 13
Item 14
Item 15
Item 16
Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Cybersecurity
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Part I
Part II
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
[Reserved]
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Part III
Part IV
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule
Form 10-K Summary
Signatures
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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain disclosures and analysis in this Form 10-K, including information incorporated by reference, may include forward-looking statements within the
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
“Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Opinions, forecasts, projections,
guidance, or other statements other than statements of historical fact are considered forward-looking statements and reflect only current views about future
events and financial performance. Some of these forward-looking statements include statements regarding:
• management’s plans and objectives for future operations;
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existing cash flows being adequate to fund future operational needs;
future plans related to budgets, future capital requirements, market share growth, and anticipated capital projects and obligations;
the realization of net deferred tax assets;
the ability to curtail operating expenditures;
global statutory tax rates remaining unchanged;
the impact of future market changes due to exposure to foreign currency translations;
the possibility of certain policies, procedures, and internal processes minimizing exposure to market risk;
the impact of new accounting pronouncements on financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows;
the outcome of new or existing litigation matters;
the outcome of new or existing regulatory inquiries or investigations; and
other assumptions described in this report underlying such forward-looking statements.
Although we believe that the expectations included in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these forward-looking statements are subject to
certain events, risks, assumptions, and uncertainties, including those discussed below and in the “Risk Factors” section in Item 1A of this Form 10-K, and
elsewhere in this Form 10-K and the documents incorporated by reference herein. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying
assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results and developments could materially differ from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking
statements. For example, any of the following factors could cause actual results to vary materially from our projections:
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overall growth or lack of growth in the nutritional supplements industry;
plans for expected future product development;
changes in our contract manufacturing costs;
shifts in the mix of packs and products;
the future impact of any changes to global associate career and compensation plans or incentives or the regulations governing such plans and
incentives;
the ability to attract and retain independent associates and preferred customers;
new regulatory changes that may affect operations, products or compensation plans and incentives;
ability of our outside suppliers and manufacturers to supply products in sufficient quantities and comply with our product safety and quality
standards or applicable law;
the competitive nature of our business with respect to products and pricing;
publicity related to our products or network marketing;
uncertainty related to the continuation of COVID-related factors, including post-COVID conditions often referred to as “Long COVID” or “long-
haul COVID” or the effect or fear of other communicable or rapidly spreading diseases has on our business, operations, and financial results,
including, for example, additional regulatory measures or voluntary actions that may be put in place to limit the spread of COVID-19 or other
communicable diseases in the markets where we operate, such as restrictions on business operations, shelter-in-place orders, travel bans, or social
distancing requirements;
shortages of raw materials, disruptions in the business of our contract manufacturers and suppliers, significant price increases of key raw materials,
increased shipping expenses, and other disruptions to our supply chain as a result of, or in addition to, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19
pandemic; and
the political, social, and economic climate of the countries in which we operate, including, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by use of phrases or terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,”
“plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “approximates,” “predicts,” “projects,” “hopes,” “potential,” and “continues” or other similar words or
the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. Similarly, descriptions of Mannatech’s objectives, strategies, plans, goals, or targets contained
herein are also considered forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned when considering these forward-looking statements to keep in mind these risks,
assumptions, and uncertainties and any other cautionary statements in this report, as all of the forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the
date of this report.
Unless stated otherwise, all financial information throughout this report and in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes include
Mannatech, Incorporated and all of its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis and may be referred to herein as “Mannatech,” “the Company,” “its,” “we,” “our,”
“us,” or “their.”
Our products are not intended to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent any disease, and any statements about our products contained in this report have not
been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration, also referred to herein as the “FDA.”
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Item 1. Business
Overview
PART I
Mannatech, Incorporated ("Mannatech" or the "Company") is a global wellness solution provider, which was incorporated and began operations in
November 1993. We develop and sell innovative, high quality, proprietary nutritional supplements, skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management
products that target optimal health and wellness. We currently sell our products in three regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii)
Europe/the Middle East/Africa (“EMEA”) (Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Namibia, the
Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea,
Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China). We also ship our products to customers in the following countries: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg,
and Poland.
We sell our products principally through network marketing distribution channels via our active associates (“independent associate” or “associates” or
“distributors”) and to our “preferred customers,” which we believe is the most cost-effective way to introduce our products and communicate information about
our business to the global marketplace quickly and effectively. Network marketing minimizes upfront costs, as compared to conventional marketing methods,
and allows us to be more responsive to the ever-changing overall market conditions, as well as continue to research and develop high quality products and focus
on controlled successful international expansion. We believe the network marketing channel also allows us to effectively communicate the potential benefits and
unique properties of our proprietary products to our consumers. In addition, network marketing provides our associates with an avenue to supplement their
income by building their own business centered on our business philosophies and unique products. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 145,000
active associate and preferred customer positions held by individuals in our network associated with the purchase of our products and packs and/or payment of
associate fees within the last 12 months. At the time of purchase, a customer may choose to sign up as a “preferred customer” to receive the same pricing on our
products as our associates and to receive emails about our products and promotions. Preferred customers do not participate in the Company’s compensation plan.
The Company also operates a non-direct selling business in mainland China. In 2016, we formed our China subsidiary, Meitai Daily Necessities &
Health Products Co., Ltd. (“Meitai”). Unlike Mannatech’s business operations in other markets, Meitai operates under a cross-border e-commerce model, where
consumers in China can buy Mannatech products manufactured overseas via Meitai’s website. Meitai is currently not a direct selling company in China nor can
it operate under a multi-level marketing model in China. Products purchased on Meitai’s website are for personal use and not for resale. Meitai offers a rewards
program to incentivize existing customers to refer other customers to purchase products from Meitai’s website. Customs regulations in China include purchase
limits to ensure that purchased products are for personal consumption.
In June 2023, the Company launched a tiered affiliate program in the United States under the brand name, “Trulu™” (“Trulu”). The Trulu brand is
operated by our wholly owned subsidiary, New Economy Marketing Opportunities, LLC (“NEMO”), and is separate from our network marketing business.
Trulu affiliates earn commissions on the sale of Trulu products under a commission plan that is separate from the Mannatech network marketing commission
plan. Although Trulu’s affiliate program is a separate business model with its own compensation structure, our Mannatech associates may participate in the Trulu
affiliate program and earn commissions on the sale of Trulu products.
Our common stock trades on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “MTEX.” Information for each of our two most recent
fiscal years, with respect to our net sales, results of operations, and identifiable assets is set forth in the Consolidated Financial Statements of this report.
Available Information
On our website (https://www.mannatech.com), we make available free of charge our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q,
current reports on Form 8-K, and certain other information filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as soon as reasonably
practicable after electronically filing or furnishing such material. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other
information regarding issuers, including Mannatech, that electronically file with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. Additionally, such materials are available in
print upon the written request of any shareholder to our principle executive office located at 1410 Lakeside Parkway, Suite 200, Flower Mound, Texas 75028,
Attention: Investor Relations, or by contacting our investor relations department at (972) 471-6512 or IR@mannatech.com.
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Business Segment, Products and Product Development
Business Segment. We operate in the nutritional supplement industry. The Company's sole reporting segment is one where we sell proprietary
nutritional supplements, skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management and fitness products operating in twenty-five markets. The Company sells its
products in most markets through network marketing distribution channels. Mannatech’s subsidiary in China, Meitai, operates under a cross-border e-commerce
model, where consumers in China can buy Mannatech products directly from Meitai via the internet. Mannatech's subsidiary, NEMO, operates an affiliate
business model under the brand name, “Trulu”, in the United States.
Products. Scientists have discovered that a healthy body consists of many sophisticated components working in harmony to achieve optimal health and
wellness and requires cellular communication to function at an optimal level. Scientists also discovered that there are more than 200 monosaccharides that form
naturally. Specific monosaccharides are considered vital components for cellular communication in the human body. Furthermore, scientists discovered that
these monosaccharides attach themselves to certain proteins, which then form a molecule called glycoprotein or glycans. Harper’s Biochemistry, a leading and
nationally recognized biochemistry reference, has recognized that these molecules are found in human glycoproteins, and are believed to be essential in helping
to promote and provide effective cell-to-cell communication in the human body.
The history of our proprietary ingredients and products is as follows:
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In 1994, we developed and began selling our first products containing Manapol powder, an ingredient formulated to support cell-to-cell
communication.
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In 1996, we enhanced our products based on the study of glycoproteins and our scientists developed our own proprietary compound, Ambrotose
complex, which we patented. Our Ambrotose complex is a blend of polysaccharides (composed of monosaccharides) designed to help provide
support for the immune system.
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In 2001, we broadened our proprietary ingredients by developing the Ambroglycin blend, a balanced food-mineral matrix designed to help deliver
nutrients to the body and which is used in our proprietary Catalyst™ and Glycentials vitamin/mineral supplements.
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In 2004, we introduced our proprietary blend of antioxidant nutrients, MTech AO Blend ingredient, which is used in our proprietary antioxidant
Ambrotose AO product.
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In 2006, we introduced a unique blend of plant-based minerals, natural vitamins, and standardized phytochemicals for use in our proprietary
PhytoMatrix product. We also introduced a compound used in reformulated Advanced Ambrotose complex. This compound allows a more
potent concentration of the full range of mannose-containing polysaccharides occurring naturally in aloe to be produced in a stable powdered form.
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In 2008, we introduced a proprietary proteolytic enzyme and phytosterol dietary supplement designed to support the body’s natural recovery
processes associated with physical activity in our BounceBack capsules. We also introduced a proprietary version of whey protein peptide
technology designed to assist targeted fat loss when combined with exercise and a healthy diet in our OsoLean powder.
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In 2009, we introduced our Omega-3, which features EPA/DHA essential acids, PhytoBurst
Nutritional Chews formulated with vitamins,
minerals, and phytonutrients from food-sourced ingredients, and GI-ProBalance Slimstick, which is a symbiotic digestive product containing
probiotics, prebiotics, and digestive enzymes. In addition, we improved our Ambrotose products to include beta-Carotene.
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In 2011, we introduced our reformulated version of our Omega-3 supplement, which now includes Vitamin D3 and features EPA/DHA essential
acids. We expanded several previously launched products from our domestic line to our international markets.
In 2013, we launched Uth skin cream, a breakthrough in anti-aging that incorporates Mannatech’s glyconutrient technology along with a
microsphere delivery system that supports more thorough delivery of the active ingredients to all levels of the skin.
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In 2014, we launched GlycoBOOM™ Advanced Immune Support Supplement (now known as MannaBoom ), packed with nutrients that are
designed to support the body’s natural defenses.
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In 2015, Mannatech introduced a new brain supplement, Cognitate , featuring a proprietary blend of natural ingredients designed to aid memory,
recall and cognition.
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In 2016, Mannatech rebranded the Company, including all new packaging and labels, and introduced an innovative, natural fat-loss system,
TruHealth . Included in the system is the TruPLENISH Nutritional Shake, TruPURE Cleanse Slimsticks and TruSHAPE Fat-Loss Capsules.
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In 2017, Mannatech launched several new products, including GlycoCafé , a glyconutritional coffee made with the whole coffee fruit, and
Luminovation, a line of mass-market and premium Korean beauty products.
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In 2018, Mannatech launched a unique fitness drink, EMPACT+ , combining fueling, hydration and recovery in one product. Mannatech also
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introduced significant enhancements to its signature Ambrotose product with the launch of Ambrotose Life , with more than double the Manapol
of its Advanced Ambrotose formula along with additions of modified citrus pectin, and stabilized rice bran. Ambrotose Life is available in a bulk
canister (unflavored), along with flavored single serving sachets.
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In 2019, Mannatech’s key product launches were: Eye Health, TruPlenish Chocolate and Vanilla sachets, New Catalyst, Liver Support, and Sleep
Support products in various markets.
In 2020, Mannatech’s key product launches included a product suite to address microbiome health: new GI-Defense intestinal support product,
improved GI-ProBalance pre/pro-biotic product and improved GI-Zyme digestive enzyme product, reformulated ImmunoStart and MannaBOOM
products, and a re-launch of its MannaBears gummies.
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In 2021, Mannatech introduced Liver Support to the North American market, providing detox support for healthy liver function. In addition,
Mannatech introduced Sugar Balance, Inner Beauty Collagen, and Luminovation to Korea, and, in Mexico, Mannatech introduced a drink mix,
MannaZen con Aloe Prime.
In 2022, Mannatech introduced existing products into new markets. Mannatech added the South African and Australian product Superfood Greens
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and Reds in the United States, launched Korean Luminovation skincare line in Hong Kong and Japan, and brought Manapol and Ambrotose Life
to Canada. There were also reformulations for the purpose of enhancing existing products, such as the relaunch of EMPACT+ and Enzyme
ProBalance. Mannatech introduced two unique drink mixes in Mexico, MannaForce+ and M Gold+.
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In 2023, Mannatech's latest product launches included our Korean Luminovation skincare line in the United States and Australia. Sleep and Stress
Support gummies were introduced in the United States as part of the Essentials product line. Korea had numerous product launches, including:
MannaTea, MultiVItaGummy, Immune Jelly, Luminovation Glyco, Collagen Capsule Kit, Waterfull Sun milk and Pet Food. Additionally, our
subsidiary, NEMO, launched the Trulu AM/PM product.
Mannatech offers products that include glyconutrients, a unique category of nutrients sourced from plants and designed to provide a variety of health
benefits. We focus on producing products that are from natural sources, as well as other scientifically based efficacious sources in the following product
categories:
Integrative Health, which offers a variety of nutritional supplements that are designed to aid in optimizing overall health and wellness. This category
includes a variety of daily nutritional supplements, health solutions for children, and additional nutrients designed to support the body's optimal levels.
Targeted Health, which is designed to give bodies an extra edge with products designed to target specific areas and provide additional nutrients that
help support body system health.
Weight and Fitness, which offers products designed to curb appetite and burn fat, build lean muscle tissue, and support recovery from overexertion.
Skin Care, which offers several products formulated with more than 30 botanical ingredients that are designed to give the skin a more natural, youthful
appearance by moisturizing, hydrating and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Essentials, a sub-category of Targeted Health, offers a variety of dietary supplements that are formulated with a simpler ingredient profile, at a price
point that is intended to be a value-add for preferred customers and associates.
Home Living, a category of products designed to make homes a peaceful haven that supplement wellness. Currently, products in this category are only
offered in Korea.
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The following table summarizes our global product offerings, by category:
Product Category
Integrative Health
Targeted Health
Weight and Fitness
Skin Care
Essentials
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Ambrotose Complex, Ambrotose AO , Advanced Ambrotose , Ambrotose Life
Catalyst™, Cognitate , Manapol Powder, MannaBears , MultiKids, Nutriverus™, Optimal Support Packets, PhytoMat
PLUS™, Chaga Cafe, Glycentials™, MannaTea™, PhytoCleanse, GlycoCafe®, MightyBears , MannaGel™, Tru-C™
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TruCoffee
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Representative Products
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BounceBack , CardioBALANCE , GI-ProBalance , GI-Zyme , GI-Defense®, Blood Sugar ProBalance, ImmunoSTA
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Manna-C ™, MannaBOOM , MannaCLEANSE™, Omega-3 with Vitamin D3, PhytAloe , I-Start, MannaAloe
AloePrime , Chlorophyll, MANNAGEL™, MegaKids, GlyCollagen con Aloe Prime, M Gold+ con aloe Prime™
GlycoForce + con aloePrime™, EnzymeProBalance and Trulu™ AM/PM
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OsoLean , SPORT™, TruHealth™ Fat Loss System, including: TruHealth™ Shake, TruHealth™ Cleanse, TruSHAP
EM·PACT and Mannashake™
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Emprizone , FIRM with Ambrotose , FreshDen , Luminovation™ and MannaDent
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Catalyst™ Multivitamin, Eye Support, Liver Support, Joint Support SUPERFOOD, Sleep Support gummies and Stress Sup
gummies
Home Living
Organt® and PURO
A significant portion of our revenue is derived from our Ambrotose, Ambrotose Life , TruHealth , Manapol®, and Optimal Support Packets products.
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Product Development. Our product development team continues to focus on potential new products and compounds that help target or promote overall
health and wellness. When considering new products and compounds, our product development team considers the following criteria:
• marketability and proprietary nature of the product;
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demand for the product;
competitors’ products;
regulatory considerations;
availability of ingredients; and
data supporting claims of efficacy and safety.
To maintain a flexible operating strategy and the ability to increase production capacity, we contract with third parties to manufacture all of our
products, which allows us to effectively respond to fluctuations in demand with minimal investment and helps control our operating costs. We believe our
suppliers and manufacturers are capable of meeting our current and projected inventory requirements over the next several years. However, as a safety measure,
we continue to identify and approve alternative suppliers and manufacturers to ensure that our global demands are met in a timely manner and to help minimize
any risk of business interruption.
We procure select products from single vendors who control certain product formulations, ingredients, or other intellectual property rights associated
with such products. Certain of our supply agreements contain exclusivity clauses for the supply of certain raw materials and products, some of which are
conditioned upon compliance with minimum purchase requirements. In the event we become unable to source any products or ingredients from our suppliers, we
believe that we would be able to replace those products with alternate suppliers, except Arabinogalactan. Due to the unique nature of this ingredient and
important components used in the formulation of our Ambrotose products, we are unable to identify an alternative supplier at this time for this ingredient.
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Industry Overview
Nutrition Industry. We operate in the nutritional supplement industry and distribute and primarily sell our products through our own global network
marketing channel. The nutritional supplement industry is fast paced, highly fragmented, and intensely competitive. It includes companies that manufacture and
distribute products that are intended to support the body’s performance and well-being. Nutritional supplements include vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements,
herbs, botanicals, and compounds derived therefrom. Prior to 1990, all dietary supplements in the United States were tightly regulated by the FDA and only
included essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins. In 1990, the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act expanded the category to include “herbs
or similar nutritional substances,” but the FDA maintained control over pre-market approval. However, in 1994, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education
Act of 1994 (“DSHEA”) was passed in the United States, drastically changing the dietary supplement marketplace. DSHEA was instrumental in expanding the
category of dietary supplements to further include herbal and botanical supplements and ingredients such as ginseng, fish oils, enzymes, and various mixtures of
these ingredients. Under DSHEA, vendors of dietary supplements are now able to educate consumers regarding the effects of certain component ingredients.
Nutritional supplements are available through mass-market retailers, drug stores, supermarkets, discount stores, health food stores, direct-to-consumer
companies, and direct sales organizations. Direct selling, of which network marketing is a significant segment, has grown significantly and has been enhanced in
the past decade as a distribution channel due to advancements in technology and communications resulting in improved product distribution and faster
dissemination of information.
Direct Selling/Network Marketing Channel. Since the 1990s, the direct selling and network marketing sales channel has grown in popularity and
general acceptance, including acceptance by prominent investors and capital investment groups who have invested in direct selling companies. This has provided
direct selling companies with additional recognition and credibility in the growing global marketplace. In addition, many large corporations have diversified
their marketing strategy by entering the direct selling arena. Several consumer-product companies have launched their own direct selling businesses with
international operations often accounting for the majority of their revenues. Consumers and investors realize that direct selling provides unique opportunities and
a competitive advantage in today’s markets. Businesses are able to quickly communicate and develop strong relationships with their customers, bypass expensive
ad campaigns, and introduce products and services that would otherwise be difficult to promote through traditional distribution channels such as retail stores. We
believe direct selling is a channel of distribution with healthy cash flow, high return on invested capital, and long-term prospects for global expansion. According
to the worldwide direct sales data published by the World Federation of Direct Selling Association, in 2022, approximately 115 million global direct sellers
collectively generated annual retail sales of $172.9 billion.
Operating Strengths
High-Quality, Innovative, Proprietary Products. We base our product concept on the scientific findings that certain glyconutrients, also known as
glycans, monosaccharides and polysaccharides, are essential for maintaining a healthy immune system. We believe the addition of effective nutritional
supplements to a well-balanced diet, coupled with an effective exercise program, will enhance and help maintain optimal health and wellness. We focus on
producing products by developing scientifically sound, and innovative wellness solutions, with safe ingredients that are designed to use nutrients working
through normal physiology to help achieve and maintain optimal health and wellness.
We believe that our proprietary blends and formulas distinguish us as a leader in the global nutritional supplements industry. We also believe the use of
unique compounds found in our products allows us to effectively differentiate and distinguish our products from those of our competitors.
Research and Development Efforts. We are steadfast in our commitment to quality-driven research and development. We use systematic processes for
the research and development of our unique proprietary product formulas, as well as the identification of quality suppliers and manufacturers. Our research and
quality assurance programs are outlined on our corporate websites, www.mannatech.com and www.allaboutmannatech.com.
Mannatech’s team of experienced researchers and scientists continually reviews the latest published research data, attends scientific conferences, and
draws upon its vast knowledge and expertise to develop new products and support existing ones. In addition, this team works in collaboration with other research
firms, universities, institutions, and scientists. Our products have been the focus of numerous preclinical and clinical studies.
To support our research and development efforts, we have strategic alliances with our suppliers, consultants, and manufacturers that allow us to
effectively identify and develop high-quality, innovative, proprietary products that increase our competitive advantage in the marketplace.
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These efforts include developing and maintaining quality standards, supporting development efforts for new ingredients and compounds, and improving
or enhancing existing products or ingredients. In addition, our research and development team identifies other quality-driven suppliers and manufacturers for
both our global and regional needs.
Research and development efforts include new product development, enhancement of existing products, clinical studies and trials, FDA compliance,
safety monitoring/adverse event reporting and science and substantiation of products.
Quality Assurance Program. Mannatech uses only qualified manufacturing contractors to produce, test, and package our finished products. These
contractors must be compliant and current with required certifications and they must strictly adhere to our own quality standards for all markets. Certifications
and guidelines that our contract manufacturers are required to carry and/or follow include:
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the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices (as defined below) for manufacturing, packaging, labeling, and holding of dietary
supplements;
the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices for human food;
the requirements of the Natural Health Products Directorate of Canada;
the Korean Food and Drug Administration;
certification by the Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia, when necessary;
the European Union’s Food Supplement Directive and Nutrition and Health Claims Regulations, as well as individual member state
legislation;
the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration;
the Japan Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare;
the Singapore Health Sciences Authority;
the South African Department of Health and the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority Board;
the Hong Kong Food and Environmental Hygiene Department and Department of Health Drug Office; and
the China Food and Drug Administration.
We have an established quality assurance program designed to ensure our manufacturers’ compliance with these certifications and guidelines, and to
ensure that proper controls are maintained during the manufacturing, evaluation, packaging, storage, and distribution of our products. These controls include a
comprehensive supplier audit and surveillance program, third-party certifications, and continuous product monitoring.
A team of professionals, some of whom have extensive experience in the pharmaceutical industry, leads our in-house quality assurance program and
continually monitors the quality of our products, including the production process. In addition, they work with suppliers and manufacturers to develop quality
standards for raw material components and products, and perform tests and inspections to ensure that finished products are safe and of high quality prior to
release.
We require our dietary supplements to be packaged with seals to help minimize the risk of tampering. We also perform select stability studies under
both controlled ambient and accelerated temperature storage conditions to ensure label claims throughout the shelf life of our products. To further ensure product
quality, our third-party manufacturers are predominately certified as NSF facilities according to the NSF/ANSI 173 Dietary Supplement Standard, which is the
only American national standard for dietary supplements. This certification is designed to ensure that Good Manufacturing Practices are used in the
manufacturing facility. All of Mannatech's dietary supplements have been confirmed to be gluten-free.
High-Caliber, Industry-Leading Independent Associates. Our global team of independent associates is comprised of dedicated, hard-working, high-
caliber individuals, many of whom have been associated with the network marketing industry for decades and have been loyal to us since our beginning in 1993.
To capitalize on their wealth of knowledge and experience, we sponsor panels of independent associates in councils and forums based around the world which
help identify and effectively relay the needs of our independent business-building associates to us. These advisory councils meet periodically with our team of
senior management to recommend changes, discuss issues, and provide new ideas or concepts, including a full spectrum of innovative ideas for additional
quality-driven nutritional supplements aimed at maintaining optimal health and wellness.
Support Philosophy for Our Independent Associates and Preferred Customers. We are fully committed to providing the highest level of support
services to our independent associates and preferred customers and believe that we meet expectations and build customer loyalty through the following:
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offering highly personalized and responsive customer service;
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offering a satisfaction guarantee product return policy;
providing comprehensive corporate websites that provide instant access to Internet ordering, marketing, technical and educational
information,
(including www.mannatech.com, www.allaboutmannatech.com,
library.mannatech.com, mannatechai.com, training.mannatech.com, events.mannatech.com, and www.mannafest.com);
innovative marketing
and unique
tools
and
▪ maintaining an extensive web-based downline management system called Success Tracker™ that provides access to downline organization
reporting and sales reporting for our independent associates, free their first year as an associate and then at a minimal cost thereafter;
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providing Mannatech Now Tech, an app and web-based platform that provides a vast library of marketing resources, which are easily
shareable and maintain full attribution to the associate who shares the resource. This app is a hub for the associates’ business, providing
prompts to help with delivering excellent customer care and maintaining a person connection with customers and downline members.
offering, in the United States and Canada, an effective compilation of online marketing and training tools;
offering updated compliance programs for our independent associates;
providing strategically based distribution fulfillment centers to ensure products are shipped on time and at minimal cost; and
sponsoring marketing events, designed to provide information, education, and motivation for our dedicated business-building associates and
to help stimulate business development. These events provide an interactive venue for introducing new products and services and allow
interaction between our management teams, outside researchers, and independent associates.
Experience and Depth of Our Management Team and Board of Directors. We believe that our team of executives has extensive experience in every
aspect of business operations and is highly focused on our success. At December 31, 2023, our Board of Directors is composed of five directors, including three
independent directors. We believe our board members have a wealth of knowledge and experience in all aspects of our business operations and are especially
well versed in network marketing, finance, nutritional products, regulatory matters, and corporate governance. Our entire management team is committed to
delivering high-quality products and superior service.
Business Strategy
Our long-term goal is to be one of the world’s leading direct sellers of nutritional supplements founded on the best science-based proprietary products
by incorporating a powerful global independent network distribution model and our charitable giving program. To achieve our goal, we believe we must focus
on the following business priorities:
Strengthening our Financial Results and Adding Value to Our Shareholders and Independent Associates. We focus on improving financial
results by striving to increase our revenues in both our domestic and foreign operations and to control our operating costs.
Attracting New Independent Associates and Retaining Existing Independent Associates. We continually examine our global associate career and
compensation plan and periodically offer incentives in order to attract, motivate, and retain independent associates. We believe our global associate career
and compensation plan encourages greater associate retention, motivation, and productivity.
Carefully Planning and Executing New Market Entries. In order to expand efficiently around the globe, we must continue to present maximum
opportunity to our current independent associates as well as those who will join us in the future.
Developing New Products and Enhancing Existing Products. We continue to focus on new areas for future product development. We continue
our research efforts and strive to ensure that all of our products are made from high quality, effective ingredients that contain one or more of our proprietary
compounds, which we believe supports our goal to be a cutting-edge industry leader. We expect that any future products we develop will further
complement and enhance our existing products.
Provide Outstanding Product Value and Results to Customers. We work to ensure that all associates and their customers have a great experience
with each of our products that deliver tangible results, are supported by science, and are backed by a powerful satisfaction guarantee. Mannatech has created
a culture around “customer obsession.” Our customers are at the center of everything we do.
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Intellectual Property
Trademarks. We pursue registrations for various trademarks associated with our key products and branding initiatives. As of December 31, 2023, we
had 36 registered trademarks in the United States and five trademark applications pending with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. As of
December 31, 2023, we had 559 registered trademarks in 35 foreign jurisdictions and 42 trademark applications pending in 11 foreign jurisdictions. Globally, the
protection available in foreign jurisdictions may not be as extensive as the protection available to us in the United States. Where available, we rely on common
law trademark rights to protect our unregistered trademarks, even though such rights do not provide us with the same level of protection as afforded by a United
States federal trademark registration. Common law trademark rights are limited to the geographic area in which the trademark is actually used. A United States
federal trademark registration enables us to stop infringing use of the trademark by a third-party anywhere in the United States provided the unauthorized third-
party user does not have superior common law rights in the trademark within a specific geographical area of a particular state or region prior to the date our mark
federally registers. In the United States (and in many foreign jurisdictions) a registered trademark is valid for ten years and may be renewed subject to the
trademark owner demonstrating continued use of the mark in commerce.
Patents. The Company applies for patent protection in various countries for the technology related to our product formulations. As of December 31,
2023, we had 13 patents for technology related to our Ambrotose formulation, all of which are in 11 foreign jurisdictions. Overall, as of December 31, 2023, 96
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patents have been assigned, issued, granted or validated to Mannatech in major global markets for the technology relating to our Ambrotose , Ambrotose AO ,
Ambrotose Life , GI‑ProBalance™, PhytoMatrix , and NutriVerus™ product formulations, as well as in the field of biomarker assays. Currently, we have two
patent applications pending in two foreign jurisdictions relating to the technology supporting many of the above listed products. Patent protection means that the
patented invention cannot be commercially made, used, distributed or sold without the patent owner's consent. These patent rights are usually enforced in a
court, which, in most jurisdictions, holds the authority to stop patent infringement. The protection is granted for a limited period, generally 20 years. In most
jurisdictions, renewal annuities or maintenance fees must be paid regularly during the term of the patent to keep the patent in force.
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Associate Distribution System
Overview. Our sales philosophy is to distribute our products to consumers for personal consumption or resale. We principally distribute our products
through network marketing channels where independent associates and preferred customers purchase our products at a discounted wholesale value. Independent
associates are eligible to participate in our global associate career and compensation plan. All of our associates are independent contractors. We provide each
new independent associate with our policies and procedures that require the independent associates to comply with regulatory guidelines and act in a consistent
and professional manner.
Our revenues are heavily dependent upon the retention and productivity of independent associates who help us achieve long-term growth. We believe
the introduction of innovative incentives, such as travel incentives, will continue to motivate our independent associates and help expand our global purchasing
base. We remain actively committed to expanding the number of our independent associates through recruitment, support, motivation, and incentives. We had
approximately 145,000 active associate and preferred customer positions held by individuals that purchased our products and/or packs or paid associate fees
during each of the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022. We have a loyalty program through which consumers earn loyalty points from qualified automatic
orders, which can be applied to future purchases.
Independent Associate Development. Network marketing consists of enrolling individuals who build a network of independent associates, preferred
customers, and retail customers who purchase products. We support our independent associates by providing an array of support services that can be tailored to
meet individual needs, including:
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offering educational meetings and corporate-sponsored events that emphasize business-building and compliance related information;
sponsoring various informative and science-based conference calls, web casts, and seminars;
providing automated services through the Internet, mobile app and telephone that offer a full spectrum of information and business-building tools;
• maintaining an efficient decentralized ordering and distribution system;
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providing highly personalized and responsive order processing and customer service support accessible by multiple communication channels
including telephone, Internet, or e-mail;
offering 24-hour, seven days a week access to information and ordering through the Internet;
offering Success Tracker , a customized business-building genealogy system, which contains sales reporting, graphs, maps, alerts, rank
advancement guidance, and business volume reports;
™
offering, in the United States and Canada, a compilation of online marketing and training tools, including personalized web pages; and
providing a wide assortment of business-building and educational materials to help stimulate product sales and simplify enrollment.
We provide product and network marketing training and education for new independent associates. This includes a unique global training/orientation
program that uses audio, video and web components to familiarize new associates with the Company, and includes short, segmented trainings on how to succeed
as part of the sales force. We also regularly provide training on using online tools, such as social media and our own suite of web marketing tools specifically
designed for associates to use. In addition, we offer a variety of printable brochures, monthly newsletters delivered electronically, and other promotional
materials to assist in sales efforts, training, and continuing education. We continually update our training and promotional materials to provide our associates
with the most current information and motivational tools.
Our global associate career and compensation plan consists of 19 independent associate achievement levels; from lowest to highest, these include
Associate, Silver Associate, Gold Associate, Director, Silver Director, Gold Director, Executive, Silver Executive, Gold Executive, Presidential, Bronze
Presidential, Silver Presidential, Gold Presidential, Platinum Presidential, 1-Star Platinum, 2-Star Platinum, 3-Star Platinum, 4-Star Platinum and Crown
Platinum Ambassador. These achievement levels are determined by the growth and volume of the independent associates’ direct and indirect commissionable net
sales, as well as expanding their networks, which are all assigned a point volume. Promotional materials and training aids are not assigned a point volume. This
point volume system, referred to as our global associate career and compensation plan, allows independent associates to build their network by expanding their
existing downlines into all international markets except China. Our global associate career and compensation plan is intended to comply with all applicable
governmental regulations that govern the various aspects of payments to independent associates in each country.
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Based upon our knowledge of industry-related network marketing compensation plans, we believe our global associate career and compensation plan
remains strong in the industry. Together, our commissions and incentives range from 35% to 43% of our consolidated net sales.
Our global associate career and compensation plan pays various types of commissions and incentives based upon a point system that calculates a
percentage of the independent associate’s commissionable direct and indirect net product sales and the attainment of certain associate achievement levels. All
commissions are earned from the sale of our products. All payments to our independent associates are made after they have earned their commissions. We
believe our global associate career and compensation plan fairly compensates our independent associates at every stage of building their business by quickly
rewarding our independent associates for their sales and the sales of those in their downline organization.
Our global associate career and compensation plan identifies and pays six types of commissions to our qualified independent associates, which are
based on the following:
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generating product sales to preferred customers from an independent associate’s global downline to earn certain achievement levels;
generating product sales from newly enrolled independent associates or preferred customers who place a product order;
obtaining certain achievement levels and enrolling other independent associates who place or sell qualifying orders;
obtaining and developing certain achievement levels within their downline organizations through product sales to qualify for additional bonuses;
and
various other sales incentive programs.
Management of Independent Associates. We actively monitor our independent associates’ activities related to sales of our products and the promotion
of certain business opportunities by requiring our independent associates to abide by our policies and procedures. However, we have limited control over the
actions of our independent associates. To aid in our monitoring efforts, we provide each independent associate with a copy of our policies and procedures prior to
or upon signing up as an independent associate. We engage a third-party service provider to assist in managing our compliance monitoring process. We also use
various media formats to distribute changes to our mandatory policies and procedures, including our corporate website, conference calls, educational meetings,
corporate events, seminars, and webcasts.
Our program also provides our independent associates with a standardized and anonymous complaint process. When a complaint is filed against an
independent associate, our business ethics department conducts a mandatory investigation of the allegations to determine whether a violation of the policies and
procedures has occurred. If a violation is found, the complaint moves through the compliance process where the person against whom the complaint has been
filed has an opportunity to respond to the allegations. Depending on the nature of the violation, we may impose various sanctions, including written warnings,
mandatory training, probation, withholding commissions, and termination of associate status. We will terminate any associate’s agreement for making claims that
our products can treat, cure, mitigate or prevent any disease, unless such claim is found to be de minimis and isolated.
Product Return Policy. We stand behind our products and believe we offer a reasonable and industry-standard product return policy to all of our
customers. We do not resell returned products. Refunds are not processed until proper approval is obtained. Refunds are processed and returned in the same form
of payment that was originally used in the sale. Each country in which we operate has specific product return guidelines. However, we allow our associates and
preferred customers to exchange products as long as the products are unopened and in good condition. Our return policies for our retail customers and our
associates and preferred customers are as follows:
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Retail Customer Product Return Policy. This policy allows a retail customer to return any of our products to the original associate who sold the
product and receive a full cash refund from the associate for the first 180 days following the product’s purchase if located in the United States and Canada, and
for the first 90 days following the product’s purchase in other countries where we sell our products. The associate may return or exchange the product based on
the associate product return policy. In China, where we sell our products under a cross-border e-commerce model, we have a 14-day return policy.
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Associate and Preferred Customer Product Return Policy. This policy allows the associate or preferred customer to return an order within one year of
the purchase date upon voluntarily terminating his/her account. If an associate or preferred customer returns a product unopened and in good condition, he/she
may receive a full refund minus a 10% processing fee. We may also allow the associate or preferred customer to receive a full satisfaction guarantee refund if
they have tried the product and are not satisfied for any reason, excluding promotional materials. This satisfaction guarantee refund applies in the United States
and Canada, only for the first 180 days following the product’s purchase and applies in other countries where we sell our products for the first 90 days following
the product’s purchase; however, any commissions earned by an associate will be deducted from the refund. If we discover abuse of the refund policy, we may
terminate the associate's or preferred customer's account.
Information Technology Systems
Our information technology and e-commerce systems include a transaction-processing database, financial systems, an associate management system, and
comprehensive management tools that are designed to:
• minimize the time required to process orders and distribute products;
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provide customized ordering information;
quickly respond to information requests, including providing detailed and accurate information to independent associates about qualification and
downline activity;
provide detailed reports about paid commissions and incentives;
support order processing and customer service departments; and
help monitor, analyze, and report operating and financial results.
To complement our transaction database, we developed a comprehensive management tool called Success Tracker
that is used both internally and by
our independent associates to manage and optimize their business organizations. With this tool, independent associates have constant access to graphs, maps,
alerts, and reports on the status of their individual organizations, which may help to optimize their earnings.
™
We also maintain a written business continuity plan, which was developed using the guidelines published by the National Institute of Standards of
Technology, to minimize the risk of data loss due to any interruption in business. Our business continuity plan encompasses all critical aspects of our business
and identifies contacts and resources. Additionally, we perform daily backup procedures using a combination of onsite and cloud-based services to ensure all
data is recoverable. We proactively monitor various software, hardware, and network infrastructure systems to ensure optimal performance and security. We also
perform routine maintenance procedures and periodically upgrade our software and hardware to help ensure that our systems are secure and work efficiently and
effectively to minimize the risk of business interruption. Although we maintain an extensive business continuity plan, a long-term failure or impairment of any
of our information technology systems could adversely affect our ability to conduct day-to-day business. For information regarding technology-related risks, see
the information in "Item 1A: Risk Factors - Risks Affecting Our Business and Industry- If our information technology system fails or if the implementation of
new information technology systems is not executed efficiently and effectively, our business, financial position and operating results could be adversely
affected."
We continue to enhance our information technology, websites, and e-commerce platforms to remain competitive, efficient and secure.
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Government Regulations
Domestic Regulations. In the United States, governmental regulations, laws, administrative determinations, court decisions, and similar legal
requirements at the federal, state, and local levels regulate companies such as ours and network marketing activities. Such regulations address, among other
things:
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direct selling and network marketing systems;
transfer pricing and similar regulations affecting the amount of foreign taxes and customs duties paid;
taxation of independent associates and requirements to collect taxes and maintain appropriate records;
how a company manufactures, packages, labels, distributes, imports, sells, and stores products;
product ingredients;
product claims;
income claims;
• marketing and advertising; and
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the extent to which companies may be responsible for claims made by independent associates.
The following governmental agencies regulate various aspects of our business and our products in the United States:
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the Food and Drug Administration;
the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”);
the Consumer Product Safety Commission;
the Department of Agriculture;
the Environmental Protection Agency;
the United States Postal Service;
state attorney general offices; and
various agencies of the states and localities in which our products are sold.
The FDA regulates the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, storage, labeling, promotion, distribution, and sale of foods, dietary supplements, over-
the-counter drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In January 2000, the FDA issued a final rule called “Statements Made for Dietary
Supplements Concerning the Effect of the Product on the Structure or Function of the Body”. In the rule and its preamble, the FDA distinguished between
permitted claims under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “FFDC Act”) relating to the effect of dietary supplements on the structure or functions of
the body, and impermissible direct or implied claims of the effect of dietary supplements on any disease. In June 2007, the FDA issued a rule, as authorized
under the FFDC Act, that defined current Good Manufacturing Practices in the manufacture and holding of dietary supplements (the “Good Manufacturing
Practices”). Effective January 1, 2006, legislation required specific disclosures in labeling where a food, including a dietary supplement, contains an ingredient
derived from any of eight named allergens. Legislation passed at the end of 2006 now requires us to report to the FDA any reports of “serious adverse events”
associated with the use of a dietary supplement or an over-the-counter drug that is not covered by new drug approval reporting. The FDA created the Office of
Dietary Supplements (“ODSP”) on December 21, 2015. The creation of this new office elevates the FDA’s program from its previous status as a division under
the Office of Nutrition and Dietary Supplements. ODSP will continue to monitor the safety of dietary supplements.
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, referred to as DSHEA, revised the provisions of the FFDC Act concerning the composition
and labeling of dietary supplements and statutorily created a new class entitled “dietary supplements.” Dietary supplements include vitamins, minerals, herbs,
amino acids, and other dietary substances used to supplement diets. A majority of our products are considered dietary supplements as outlined in the FFDC Act,
which requires us to maintain evidence that a dietary supplement is reasonably safe. A manufacturer of dietary supplements may make statements concerning the
effect of a supplement or a dietary ingredient on the structure or any function of the body, in accordance with the regulations described above. As a result, we
make such statements with respect to our products. In some cases, such statements must be accompanied by a statutory statement that the claim has not been
evaluated by the FDA and that the product is not intended to treat, cure, mitigate, or prevent any disease, and the FDA must be notified of such claim within 30
days of first use.
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The FDA oversees product safety, manufacturing, and product information, such as claims on a company's website, product’s label, package inserts, and
accompanying literature. The FDA has promulgated regulations governing the labeling and marketing of dietary and nutritional supplement products. The
regulations include:
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the identification of dietary or nutritional supplements and their nutrition and ingredient labeling;
requirements related to the wording used for claims about nutrients, health claims, and statements of nutritional support;
labeling requirements for dietary or nutritional supplements for which “high potency,” “antioxidant,” and “trans-fatty acids” claims are made;
notification procedures for statements on dietary and nutritional supplements; and
pre-market notification procedures for new dietary ingredients in nutritional supplements.
The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022, ("MoCRA"), was signed into law in December 2022. MoCRA expands the FDA’s oversight
of the cosmetic industry. Most requirements under MoCRA will be effective in December 2023. Once fully implemented, MoCRA will require adverse event
recordkeeping and reporting, manufacturer facility registration, product listing, records supporting safety substantiation, minor label modifications including
contact information for adverse event reporting and labeling of fragrance allergens. MoCRA also grants the FDA the authority to initiate mandatory product
recalls as well as the authority to suspend facility registration when warranted. Once the FDA issues the requisite rule-making, cosmetic manufacturers will be
required to comply with cosmetics-specific current Good Manufacturing Processes.
We develop and maintain product substantiation dossiers, which contain the scientific literature pertinent to each product and its ingredients. An
independent scientist reviews these dossiers, which provide the scientific basis for product claims. We periodically update our substantiation program for
evidence for each of our product claims and notify the FDA of certain types of performance claims made in connection with our products.
In certain markets, including the United States, specific claims made with respect to a product may change the regulatory status of a product. For
example, a product sold as a dietary supplement but marketed as a treatment, prevention, or cure for a specific disease or condition would likely be considered
by the FDA or other regulatory bodies as unapproved and thus an illegal drug. To maintain the product’s status as a dietary supplement, its labeling and
marketing must comply with the provisions in DSHEA and the FDA’s extensive regulations. As a result, we have procedures in place designed to promote and
assure compliance by our employees and independent associates related to the requirements of DSHEA, the FFDC Act, and various other regulations.
Dietary supplements are also subject to the Nutrition, Labeling and Education Act and various other acts that regulate health claims, ingredient labeling,
and nutrient content claims that characterize the level of nutrients in a product. These acts prohibit the use of any specific health claim for dietary supplements
unless the health claim is supported by significant scientific research and is pre-approved by the FDA.
The FTC and other regulators regulate marketing practices and advertising of a company and its products. In the past several years, regulators have
instituted various enforcement actions against numerous dietary supplement companies for false and/or misleading marketing practices, as well as misleading
advertising of products. These enforcement actions have resulted in consent decrees and significant monetary judgments against the companies and/or
individuals involved. Regulators require a company to convey product claims clearly and accurately and further require marketers to maintain adequate
substantiation for their claims. More specifically, the FTC requires such substantiation to be competent and reliable scientific evidence and requires a company
to have a reasonable basis for the expressed and implied product claim before it disseminates an advertisement. A reasonable basis is determined based on the
claims made, how the claims are presented in the context of the entire advertisement, and how the claims are qualified. The FTC’s standard for evaluating
substantiation is designed to ensure that consumers are protected from false and/or misleading claims by requiring scientific substantiation of product claims at
the time such claims are first made. The failure to have this substantiation violates the Federal Trade Commission Act.
Due to the diverse scope of regulations applicable to our products and the various regulators enforcing these requirements, determining how to conform
to all requirements is often open to interpretation and debate. However, our policy is to fully cooperate with any regulatory agency in connection with any
inquiries or other investigations. We can make no assurances that regulators will not question our actions in the future, even though we continue to make efforts
to comply with all applicable regulations, inquiries, and investigations.
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International Regulations. We are also subject to extensive regulations in each country in which we operate. Currently we sell our products in three
regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii) EMEA (Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic
of Ireland, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the
Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China). Some of the country-specific regulations include the following:
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the National Provincial Laws, Natural Health Product Regulations of Canada, and the Federal Competition Act in Canada;
the Therapeutic Goods Administration and the Trade Practices Act in Australia;
federal and state regulations in Australia;
national regulations including the Local Trading Standards Offices in the United Kingdom;
regulations from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in Japan;
regulations from the Commerce Commission and the Fair Trade Act of 1993 in New Zealand;
the Fair Trade Commission, which oversees the Door to Door Sales Act and the Health and Functional Food Act enforced by the Korea Food and
Drug Administration in the Republic of Korea;
the Fair Trade Law, which is enforced by the Taiwan Fair Trade Commission and the Administration of Food Hygiene, Health Food Products
Administration Act enforced by the Taiwan Department of Health;
the Danish Health Board, the Danish Marketing Practice Act, the Danish Consumer Ombudsman, the Danish Executive Order on Dietary
Supplements, the Guidelines for food supplements, and the Danish Act on Foodstuffs in Denmark;
the German Unfair Competition Act, German Regulation on food supplements, and German Law on food and feed;
the Vitamins and Dietary Supplement industry in South Africa falls under the legislation covering Complementary and Alternative Medicines,
which is currently regulated under the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 1965 (Act No. 101 of 1965);
the Consumer Protection Act, the Sale of Food Act, and various regulations that are governed by the Ministry of Trade and Industry in Singapore;
the Austrian Trade Law (1994), the Food Safety and Consumer Protection Law (2006), and the Food Code in Austria;
the Food and Consumer Products and the Unfair Trade Practices Act, Door to Door Selling Act and Provisions of the General Dutch Civil Code
relating to terms and conditions and misleading advertising in the Netherlands;
the Consumer Sales Act, Marketing Practices Act, Distance and Doorstep Sales Act, the Product Liability Act, Product Safety Act, the Companies
Act and the Food Act in Sweden;
the Law on Marketing and Contract Conditions, the Law on Repentance Right, the Statutory Order on Self Inspection of Food Provisions, the Law
on Food products and Food Safety, and various guidelines from the Norwegian Consumers Agency on telephone selling and internet marketing, in
Norway;
the Health Law and various Official Mexican Standards, the consumer protection law, the Mexican Corporate law, the Foreign Investment Law, the
Federal Labor law in Mexico, as well as various municipal and state regulations and codes;
various Business, Civil, and Labor Codes in the Czech Republic as well as the Consumer Protection Act, and regulations and edicts of various
government agencies such as The Ministry of Health, National Institute of Public Health, State Institute of Drug Control and the Czech Agriculture
and Food Inspection Authority;
the Consumer Protection Act in Estonia, and in the area of food supplements the Veterinary and Food Board also enforces local legislation
including Estonia Food Act and Medicine Act;
the Finnish Food Act, the Finnish Food Packaging and Consumer Protection Acts, Act on Unfair Business Practice Act, Decrees and other
regulations in Finland;
the Consumer Protection Act of 2007, the Distance Selling Regulations Act of 2001 in Ireland;
various European Union (“EU”) regulations and pronouncements, subject to local statutes and regulations, address both our selling activities and
the sale of food supplements in EU member nations, including, primarily, the EU Food Supplement Directive (2002/46/EC) and Nutrition and
Health Claims Regulations (2006/1924/EC);
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the Food and Drugs (Composition and Labeling) Regulations, the Pyramid Schemes Prohibition Ordinance, the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance,
and the Import and Export Ordinance in Hong Kong;
the Retail Trade Act of January 15, 1996, regulating both multi-level marketing (article 22) and pyramid sales (article 23), and Spanish Law 1/2007
on Consumer Protection (“Spanish Consumers Act”), regulating consumer protection, including warranties and product liability, in Spain;
the Regulation of Act 1700 of 2013, Article 2.2.50 on December 27, 2013 governs the Activities of Network Marketing or Multilevel Marketing
companies through monitoring compensation plans, contract conditions and enacting preventive suspension, in Colombia; and
the Regulation on the Prohibition of Pyramid Selling, the Regulation on Administration of Direct Sales, the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights,
the Food Safety Law, and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law in China.
Regulations Regarding Network Marketing System and Our Products. Our network marketing system and our global associate career and
compensation plan are also subject to a number of governmental regulations including various federal and state statutes administered by the FTC, various state
authorities, and foreign government agencies. The legal requirements governing network marketing organizations are directed, in part, to ensure that product
sales are ultimately made to consumers. In addition, earnings within a network marketing company must be based on the sale of products rather than
compensation for (i) the recruitment of distributors or associates, (ii) investments in the organization, or (iii) other non-retail sales-related criteria. For instance,
some countries limit the amount associates may earn from commissions on sales by other distributors or independent associates that are not directly sponsored
by that distributor or independent associate. Prior to expanding our operations into any foreign jurisdiction, we must first obtain regulatory approval for our
network marketing system in jurisdictions requiring such approval. To help ensure regulatory compliance, we rely on the advice of our outside legal counsel and
regulatory consultants in each specific country.
In the United States, the FTC has jurisdiction to regulate direct selling companies under the Federal Trade Commission Act (the “FTC Act”). The FTC’s
interpretation of the applicable direct selling laws and regulations has evolved over the last several years as represented in various consent orders between the
FTC and certain direct selling companies, informal guidance issued by the FTC to the direct selling channel, and informal communications from the FTC to the
channel. The FTC, through these consent orders, guidance and communications, has addressed a variety of consumer protection issues, including misleading
earnings representations by a company’s independent distributors, as well as the fairness and legal validity of a company’s business model and distributor
compensation plan. The consent orders, guidance and communication from the FTC have also created ambiguity and uncertainty regarding the proper
interpretation of the laws, regulations and judicial precedent applicable to direct selling, and more specifically network marketing, in the United States.
Additionally, in the United States, we are also subject to regulatory oversight, including routine inquiries and enforcement actions, from various state
attorneys general offices. Each state has specific acts referred to as Little FTC Acts. Each state act is similar to the federal laws. As a result, each state may
perform its own inquiries about our organization and business practices, including allegations related to distributors or independent associates. To combat such
industry-specific risk, we provide a copy of our published associate policies and procedures to each independent associate, publish these policies on our
corporate website, and provide educational seminars and publications. In addition, we maintain a legal and business ethics department to cooperate with all
regulatory agencies and investigate allegations of improper conduct by our independent associates.
In Canada, our network marketing system is regulated by both national and provincial laws. Under Canada’s Federal Competition Act, we must make
sure that any representations relating to compensation to our independent associates or made to prospective new independent associates constitute fair,
reasonable, and timely disclosure and that such representations meet other legal requirements of the Federal Competition Act. All Canadian provinces and
territories, other than Ontario, have legislation requiring that we register or become licensed as a direct seller within that province to maintain the standards of
the direct selling industry and to protect consumers. Some other Canadian provinces require that both we and our independent associates be licensed as direct
sellers.
In Mexico, as in many other markets, there are no specific regulations directly related to the direct selling or network marketing industry. However, all
product sales and business offerings must comply with the Consumer Protection Law, which is enforced by the Consumer Protection Agency. Food supplements
and medicines are subject to the Health Law and various Official Mexican Standards, which are enforced by the Health Ministry and The Federal Commission
for Protection Against Sanitary Risk. Mexican Customs Law and its regulations govern the general importation of our products into Mexico. We are subject to
the Mexican Corporate Law, which is enforced by the Mexican courts and to the Federal Labor Law enforced by the Labor Courts. In Mexico, we are also
subject to the Foreign Investment Law and its regulations administered by the Ministry of Economy. We are required to register before the Mexican System for
Business Information at the appropriate Business Chamber under the Organizations Law.
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In Australia, our network marketing system is subject to Australia’s federal and local regulations. Our global associate career and compensation plan is
designed to comply with Australian law and the requirements of Australia’s Trade Practices Act. The Australian Trade Practices Administration and various
other governmental entities regulate our business and trade practices, as well as those of our independent associates. Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Act, together
with the Trade Practices Act, regulates any claims or representations relating to our products and our global associate career and compensation plan.
In New Zealand, our network marketing system and our operations are subject to regulations of the Commerce Commission and the Ministry of Health,
New Zealand Medical Devices Safety Authority, the Unsolicited Goods Act of 1975, the Privacy Act of 1993, and the Fair Trading Act of 1993. These
regulations enforce specific kinds of business or trade practices and regulate the general conduct of network marketing companies. The Commerce Commission
also enforces the Consumer Guarantees Act, which establishes specific rights and remedies with respect to transactions involving the provisions of goods and
services to consumers. Finally, the New Zealand Commerce Commission and the Ministry of Health both enforce the Door-to-Door Sales Act of 1967 and the
NZ Medicines Act, which govern the conduct of our independent associates.
In Japan, our network marketing system, overall business operations, trade practices, global associate career and compensation plan, and our
independent associates are governed by Japan’s Door-to-Door Sales Law as enacted in 1976 by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Our global
associate career and compensation plan is designed to meet Japan’s governmental requirements. Our product claims are subject to the Pharmaceutical Affairs
Law, which prohibits the making and publication of “drug effectiveness” claims regarding products that have not received approval from Japan’s Ministry of
Health, Welfare and Labor.
In Singapore, the network marketing industry is governed by the Multi-Level Marketing and Pyramid Selling (Prohibition) (Amendment) Act and the
accompanying Pyramid Selling (Excluded Schemes and Arrangements) Order 2000 and Order 2001. General business practices and advertising are regulated
under the Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act 2003, as amended, and its accompanying regulations. The products are classified as food and supplements of a
food nature, which are governed by the Sale of Food Act and the Singapore Food Regulations. Cosmetics and products that rise to the level of medicinal and
other health-related products are regulated under various regulations such as the Medicines Act, the Poisons Act, the Sale of Drugs Act, the Medicines
(Advertisement and Sale) Act and the Misuse of Drug Regulations.
In the Republic of Korea, the primary body of law applicable to our operations is the Door-to-Door Sales Act, which governs the behavior of network
marketing companies and affiliated distributors. The Door-to-Door Sales Act is enforced by the Fair Trade Commission. In the Republic of Korea, our products
are categorized as health and functional foods and are regulated by the Health and Functional Food Act of 2004, with which the Company complies.
In Taiwan, our network marketing system, overall operations and trade practices are governed by the Fair Trade Law and the Consumer Protection Law.
Such laws contain a wide range of provisions covering trade practices. Our products are governed by the Taiwan Department of Health and various legislation in
Taiwan including the Health Food Control Act of 1999. This Act was enacted to enhance the management and supervision of matters relating to health, food,
protecting the health of people and safeguarding the rights and interests of consumers.
In Hong Kong, our network marketing system, overall operations and trade practices are governed by a number of Ordinances including the Sale of
Goods Ordinance, the Control of Exemption Clauses Ordinance, the Pyramid Schemes Prohibition Ordinance and the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance. Such
Ordinances include a number of consumer protections (including data privacy) and regulate trading practices. Importation and registration of our products
permitting their sale in Hong Kong are controlled by the Import and Export Ordinance and its subsidiary legislation, the Import and Export (Registration)
Regulations.
In China, multi-level marketing is prohibited by the Regulation on the Prohibition of Pyramid Selling. While selling products via a direct sales channel
is permitted, persons or entities conducting direct selling activities must have a direct selling license per the Regulation on the Administration of Direct Sales. In
addition, under the Food Safety Law, most of our dietary supplements are not allowed to be sold in physical stores unless registered with the China Food Safety
Administration. However, those products are allowed to be sold under a retail cross-border e-commerce model. Lastly, overall operations and trade practices are
governed by the Consumer Protection Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law.
In the United Kingdom, our network marketing system is subject to national regulations of the United Kingdom. Our global associate career and
compensation plan is designed to comply with the United Kingdom’s national requirements, the requirements of the Fair Trading Act of 1973, the Data
Protection Act of 1998, the Trading Schemes Regulations of 1997, and other similar regulations. The U.K. Code of Advertising and Sales Promotion regulates
our business and trade practices and the activities of our independent associates, while the Trading Standards Office regulates any claims or representations
relating to our operations. Our products are regulated by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.
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In Denmark, the notion of door-to-door selling is prohibited. As a result, under Danish law, the trader is not allowed to contact the consumer at his
home, place of work, or other non-public place in order to conclude a contract on certain subjects. However, the prohibition has an exemption when the
consumer asks the trader for a contact in writing or upon written prior consent. In addition, the Danish Marketing Practices Act, the Guidelines from the Danish
Consumer Ombudsman and the rules contained in the Danish Consumer Contracts Act govern our network marketing system. There is no requirement for pre-
approval of our products in Denmark; however, our products are subject to a yearly inspection carried out by the Food authorities. Further, all our activities are
subject to Self Inspection, the results of which are also controlled once a year by the Food authorities. The rules for marketing and sale of dietary supplements
are covered by the Danish Executive Order on Food Supplements, as well as by the Danish Act on Foodstuffs and various EU-regulations. Denmark also
subjects the marketing of a company’s food supplements to a notification procedure (with a pre-market approval process for certain substances), before a product
may be lawfully marketed in Denmark. Full product compliance with all Danish provisions is reviewed by the Food authorities once a year.
In Germany, there is no specific legal regulation covering network marketing company practices. However, under certain circumstances network
marketing systems may have to follow the German Unfair Competition Act. Our independent associates’ conduct is subject to the German statute that governs
the conduct of a commercial agent. In addition, direct selling operations are governed by the Industrial Code, which requires direct sellers to hold itinerant
trader’s cards. The German Regulation on food supplements and the German Law on food and feed govern vitamin and mineral substances and herbs and other
substances, respectively.
In Austria, the Austrian Trade Law of 1994 (Novelle 2002) prohibits the offer of direct sale to an individual consumer of food supplement and cosmetic
products. The provision, however, has generally not been enforced in recent years and sales made via the Internet or mail order or made to a non-consumer
distributor do not fall under this prohibition. The Austrian Trade Law is predominantly administered through the National Ministry of Economy and Labor. Our
business operations within Austria are conducted from beyond the borders of Austria, which is the common practice in our industry. Our distributors qualify as
“traders” for purposes of Austrian state and municipal laws. Traders are regulated by the local chambers of commerce and must obtain licenses from the
respective chambers of commerce. Regulation of food supplements and cosmetics is generally harmonized throughout the EU and must conform to EU
standards. Austrian-specific food regulations include the Food Safety and Consumer Protection Law (2006), supporting ordinances to this law, the Food
Supplement Law, and the Austrian Food Codex, which is primarily administered by the National Ministry of Health, Office for Health and Food Security, and
the Local Health Authority.
In Sweden, various provisions of the Consumer Sales Act (1990), the Marketing Practices Act (2008), the Distance and Doorstep Sales Act (2005), the
Product Liability Act (1992), the Product Safety Act (2004), and the Companies Act (2005) all serve to govern our multi-level marketing and business activities.
The Food Act (2006) provides regulations and guidelines for the sale of food and food supplements. We are subject to the authority of the Swedish Consumer
Office, the Swedish Companies Registration Office, the Swedish Tax Office, Swedish Customs, Medical Products Agency, and the National Food
Administration. As in all EU countries, various EU regulations and guidelines apply.
In the Netherlands, the Food and Consumer Product and the Unfair Trade Practices Act are the most relevant legislations relating to our business
practices. The first is enforced by the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority and the latter is enforced by the Consumer Authority. Furthermore, various
EU regulations apply as well as the Dutch Door to Door Selling Act, and all provisions of the Dutch Civil Code with particular emphasis to those regulations
dealing with general terms and conditions, and those regarding misleading advertising.
Norway exercises a border control of products and their composition upon importation. Import products must be registered in an Import Reporting
Registry, and the regulations are enforced by the customs authorities. Our products must be compliant with Norwegian regulations in order to be admitted for
admission through customs into Norway. In Norway, door-to-door selling is allowed, provided the Guidelines from the Norwegian Consumer Agency are
followed. Likewise, telephone-selling is allowed provided the agency’s guidelines are followed. Home-selling in Norway is also allowed. All of our sales in
Norway are subject to a 14-day right to cancel by the consumers.
In the Czech Republic, there are no specific regulations or special legislation that limit the network marketing industry. Network marketing is
considered to be a specific form of general sale and is generally subject to various provisions of the Business Code (Act. Nr. 513/1992 Coll.), Civil Code (Act.
Nr. 40/1964 Coll.), Labor Code (Act. No. 262/2006 Coll.), Trade License Act (Act. Nr. 455/1991 Coll.), Consumer Protection Act (Act. Nr. 634/1992 Coll.) and
related legislation. The status of independent contractor/sales distributor is primarily regulated by the Trade License Act (Act. Nr. 455/1991 Coll), which requires
sales distributors to maintain a trade license. Additionally, the regulation of food supplements is harmonized throughout the EU and, therefore, the supplements
must conform to the EU standards. Enforcement of Czech-specific regulations is undertaken by the Ministry of Health, National Institute of Public Health, State
Institute of Drug Control and the Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority.
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In Estonia, there are no specific regulations governing the network marketing business, but the business is generally regulated under the Consumer
Protection Act. Also, independent distributors are required to register as sole proprietors with the Tax and Customs Board before entry into associate agreements.
Mannatech must also comply with various EU regulations. The Veterinary and Food Board also enforces local legislation including Estonia Food Act and
Medicine Act.
In Finland, the Finnish Food Act, the Finnish Food Packaging and Consumer Protection Acts, Act on Unfair Business Practice Act, Decrees and other
regulations, as well as applicable EU regulations, regulate Mannatech products, product information, and the way Mannatech promotes its products.
Additionally, certain principles applicable to multi-level marketing under the Money Collection Act (255/2006) apply to Mannatech’s activities. Lastly, persons
engaged in the manufacture, commission of manufacture or import of food supplements must submit a written notification to the Finnish Food Safety Authority
when marketing and selling in Finland. A notification is also required when the composition of preparation changes in terms of characteristics of substances or
the preparation is withdrawn from the market.
In the Republic of Ireland, the primarily relevant legislation is the Consumer Protection Act of 2007, the Distance Selling Regulations Act of 2001, and
the codes of practice of the Direct Selling Association of Ireland and the Advertising Standards Authority for Ireland. There is no equivalent in Irish law to the
UK Trading Schemes Regulations, but the Direct Selling Association of Ireland codes, while not as prescriptive, contain many similar requirements. Lastly, the
regulation of food and food supplements are generally harmonized throughout the EU and must conform to EU standards.
In Spain, our network marketing system, overall operations, and trade practices are governed by the Retail Trade Act and the Spanish Consumers Act.
Such laws contain a wide range of provisions covering trade practices, including multi-level marketing, pyramid sales, warranties and product liability. While
regulation of food supplements and cosmetics is generally harmonized throughout the EU and must conform to EU standards, the Spanish Agency for Medicines
and Health Products oversees cosmetics and the Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition oversees food supplements.
In South Africa, the Consumer Affairs Act 1988, the Competition Act 1998, and the Advertising Standards Authority Code of Advertising Practice (a
voluntary code enforced by the media) govern business practices. The Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act 1972, and the Medicines and Related
Substances Act 1965 currently apply.
Other Regulations. Our operations are also subject to a variety of other regulations, including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
social security taxes;
value-added taxes;
goods and services taxes;
sales taxes;
consumption taxes;
income taxes;
customs duties;
employee/independent contractor regulations;
employment, service pay, retirement pay, and profit sharing requirements;
data security and data privacy regulations;
import/export regulations;
federal securities laws; and
antitrust laws.
In many markets, we are limited by the types of rules we can impose on our independent associates, including rules in connection with cooling off
periods and termination criteria. If we do not comply with these requirements, we may be required to pay social security, unemployment benefits, workers’
compensation, or other tax or tax-type assessments on behalf of our independent associates and may incur severance obligations if we terminate one of our
independent associates.
In some countries, including the United States, we are also governed by regulations concerning the activities of our independent associates. Regulators
may find that we are ultimately responsible for the conduct of our independent associates and may request or require that we take additional steps to ensure that
our independent associates comply with these regulations. The types of conduct governed by these types of regulations may include:
•
•
claims made about our products;
promises or claims of income or other promises or claims by our independent associates; and
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•
sales of products in markets where the products have not been approved or licensed.
In some markets, including the United States, improper product claims by independent associates could result in our products being scrutinized by
regulatory authorities. This review could result in our products being re-classified as drugs or classified into another product category that requires stricter
regulations or labeling changes.
We continuously research and monitor the laws governing the conduct of our independent associates, our operations, our global associate career and
compensation plan, and our products and sales aids within each of the countries in which we sell our products. We provide education for our independent
associates regarding acceptable business conduct in each market through our policies and procedures, seminars, and other training materials and programs.
However, we cannot guarantee that our independent associates will always abide by our policies and procedures and/or act in a professional and consistent
manner.
Competition
Other Nutritional Supplement Companies. The nutritional supplement industry is steadily gaining momentum and is intensely competitive. Our
current direct competitors selling similar nutritional products include:
• AdvoCare International;
• GNC Holdings, Inc.;
• Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.;
• Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc.;
• NOW Foods;
• Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.;
•
•
•
Reliv International, Inc.;
Solgar Vitamin and Herb Company, Inc.;
Swanson Health Products;
• Usana Health Sciences, Inc.; and
• Vitamin Shoppe Industries, Inc.
Network Marketing. Nutritional supplements are offered for sale in a variety of ways. Network marketing has a limited number of individuals
interested in participating in the industry, and we must compete for those types of individuals. We believe network marketing is the best sales approach to sell
our products for the following reasons:
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•
•
•
•
our products can be introduced into the global marketplace at a much lower up-front cost than through conventional methods;
our key ingredients and differential components found in our proprietary products can be better explained through network marketing;
the network marketing approach can quickly and easily adapt to changing market conditions;
consumers appreciate the convenience of ordering from home, through a sales person, by telephone, or on the Internet; and
network marketing enables independent associates to earn financial rewards.
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We compete with other direct selling and network marketing companies for new independent associates and for retention of continuing independent
associates. Some of our competitors have longer operating histories, are better known, or have greater financial resources. These companies include:
• Amway Corporation;
•
Forever Living Products, Inc.;
• Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.;
• Mary Kay, Inc.;
• Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc.;
• Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.;
•
Shaklee Worldwide; and
• Usana Health Sciences, Inc.
The availability of independent associates decreases when other network marketing companies successfully recruit and retain independent associates for
their operations. We believe we can successfully compete for independent associates by emphasizing the following:
our exclusive, proprietary blend of high-quality products;
our 29 year track record in the business of selling nutritional products;
our business model which does not require our independent associates to carry inventory or accounts receivable;
our unique and financially rewarding global associate compensation plan;
our innovative marketing and educational tools; and
our easy and convenient delivery system.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Employees
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we employed 213 and 228 people, respectively, as set forth below:
Americas
Asia/Pacific
EMEA
Total
Full-time employees
Total
2023
2022
123
83
7
213
2023
2022
213
213
133
83
12
228
228
228
These numbers do not include our independent associates, who are independent contractors and are not employees.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other risks described in this report, the risk factors outlined below should be considered in evaluating our business and future
prospects. Several of the risks are part of conducting business in the industry and sales channel in which we operate and will likely remain ongoing. The fact that
these risks are characteristic of the dietary supplement industry or the direct selling channel does not lessen their significance. The risks outlined below are not
the only risks we may encounter. Additional risks not currently known to us or that may currently reasonably seem immaterial also may have an adverse effect
on our business.
Risks Affecting Our Business and Industry
If we are unable to attract and retain independent associates, our business may suffer.
Our future success depends largely upon our ability to attract and retain a large active base of independent associates and preferred customers. We rely on our
non-employee independent associates to market and sell our products to customers to generate growth and to attract new independent associates who are
interested in building a business. Our ability to increase sales depends on our ability to increase the number of customers in each of our markets around the
world. Our success will also depend on our ability to retain and motivate our existing independent associates and attract new independent associates. We cannot
give any assurances that the number of our independent associates will continue at their current levels or increase in the future. Several factors affect our ability
to attract and retain independent associates and preferred customers, including:
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•
•
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•
•
•
on-going motivation of our independent associates;
general economic conditions;
significant changes in the amount of commissions paid;
public perception and acceptance of the wellness industry;
public perception and acceptance of network marketing;
public perception and acceptance of our business and our products, including any negative publicity;
the limited number of people interested in pursuing network marketing as a business;
our ability to provide proprietary quality-driven products that the market demands; and
competition with other direct selling companies and gig economy companies in recruiting and retaining independent associates.
The loss of key high-level independent associate leaders could negatively impact our associate growth and our revenue.
As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 145,000 active associates and preferred customer positions held by individuals who purchased our
products and/or packs or paid associate fees within the last 12 months, of which 159 occupied the highest associate levels under our global compensation plan.
These independent associate leaders are important in maintaining and growing our revenue. As a result, the loss of a high-level independent associate or a group
of leading associates in the independent associates’ networks of downlines, whether by their own choice or through disciplinary actions by us for violations of
our policies and procedures, could negatively impact our associate growth and our revenue.
Changes to our associate compensation arrangements could be viewed negatively by some independent associates, could cause failure to achieve desired
long-term results and have a negative impact on revenue.
Our associate compensation plan includes components that differ from market to market. We modify components of our compensation plan from time
to time in an attempt to remain competitive and attractive to existing and potential independent associates, including such modifications:
•
•
•
•
to address changing market dynamics;
to provide incentives to independent associates that are intended to help grow our business;
to conform to local regulations; and
to address other business needs.
However, changes could be viewed negatively by some independent associates, could cause failure to achieve desired long-term results and have a
negative impact on revenue.
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An increase in the amount of commissions and incentives paid to independent associates could adversely affect our earnings.
The payment of commissions and incentives, including bonuses and prizes, is our most significant expense. Together, our commissions and incentives
range from 35% to 43% of our consolidated net sales. We closely monitor the amount of commissions and incentives as a percentage of net sales and may
periodically adjust our compensation plan to better manage these costs. There can be no assurance that changes to the compensation plan will be successful in
achieving target levels of commissions and incentives as a percentage of net sales and preventing these costs from having a significant adverse effect on our
earnings. Furthermore, such changes may make it difficult to attract and retain independent associates or cause us to lose some of our existing independent
associates.
The loss of key management personnel could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or independent associate relations.
We depend on the continued services of our executive officers and senior management team as they work closely with independent associate leaders
and are responsible for our day-to-day operations. Our success depends in part on our ability to retain our executive officers, to compensate our executive
officers at attractive levels, and to continue to attract additional qualified individuals to our management team. Although we have entered into employment
agreements with certain senior executive officers, and do not believe that any of them are planning to leave or retire in the near term, we cannot assure you that
our senior executive officers or members of our senior management team will remain with us. As previously disclosed, on January 8, 2024, we were notified by
David A. Johnson, the Company's Chief Financial Officer, of his resignation from his position effective January 22, 2024. Additionally, as previously disclosed,
on March 13, 2024, the Company announced the retirement of Alfredo (Al) Bala, the Chief Executive Officer, on April 1, 2024. Landen Fredrick will be
promoted to President and Chief Executive Officer, and he will continue to serve as interim Chief Financial Officer. We are conducting a search for a permanent
Chief Financial Officer, but there is no assurance that we will be able to identify, attract or hire a replacement in a timely manner. The loss or limitation of the
services of any of our executive officers or members of our senior management team, including our regional and country managers, or the inability to attract
additional qualified management personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or independent
associate relations.
If we are unable to protect the proprietary rights of our products, our business could suffer.
Our success and competitive position largely depend on our ability to protect the following proprietary rights:
•
•
•
our Ambrotose complex, a glyconutritional dietary supplement consisting of a blend of monosaccharides, or sugar molecules, which is a stand-
alone product and also used as an ingredient in many of our products;
®
the MTech AO Blend formulation, our proprietary antioxidant technology used in the Ambrotose AO product; and
®
®
a compound used in our reformulated Advanced Ambrotose complex that allows for a more potent concentration of the full range of mannose-
containing polysaccharides occurring naturally in aloe.
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®
®
®
We have filed patent applications for the technology relating to our Ambrotose , Ambrotose AO , Ambrotose Life PhytoMatrix , NutriVerus™, and
GI-ProBalance products in the United States and certain foreign countries. As of December 31, 2023, we had 13 patents for the technology relating to our
Ambrotose formulation, all of which were issued, granted, and validated in 11 foreign jurisdictions. In addition, we have entered into confidentiality
agreements with our independent associates, suppliers, manufacturers, directors, officers, and consultants to help protect our proprietary rights. Nevertheless, we
continue to face the risk that our pending patent applications for our products may not issue or that the patent protection granted is more limited than originally
requested. As a precaution, we consult with outside legal counsel and consultants to help ensure that we protect our proprietary rights. However, our business,
profitability, and growth prospects could be adversely affected if we fail to receive adequate protection of our proprietary rights.
®
Although several patents pertaining to our Ambrotose technology have expired, Mannatech continues to actively explore additional patent protection
of its technology and pursue expanded patent protection strategies. Our Ambrotose product formulation has proprietary elements and we have contractual
arrangements with certain suppliers affording us exclusive access to certain ingredients in those formulations. If we fail to maintain exclusivity with those
suppliers, our business could be adversely affected. We have a number of pending patent applications for additional protection of Ambrotose -related
technology. The pending patent applications are at various stages of processing, depending on the timeline of each market’s patent offices.
®
®
®,
®
®
Most of our patents for the Ambrotose AO , GI-ProBalance ™, PhytoMatrix , NutriVerus™, and PhytoBlend formulations and our patents in the
®
®
®
®
field of biomarker assays do not expire for another two or more years.
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Our inability to develop and introduce new products that gain independent associate, preferred customer, and market acceptance could harm our business.
A critical component of our business is our ability to develop new products that create enthusiasm among our independent associates and preferred
customers. If we are unable to introduce new products, our independent associate productivity could be harmed. In addition, if any new products fail to gain
market acceptance, are restricted by regulatory requirements or have quality problems, this would harm our results of operations. Factors that could affect our
ability to continue to introduce new products include, among others, government regulations, the inability to attract and retain qualified research and
development staff, the termination of third-party research and collaborative arrangements, proprietary protections of competitors that may limit our ability to
offer comparable products, and the difficulties in anticipating changes in consumer tastes and buying preferences.
Our inability to develop products, sales platforms, affiliate opportunities, and other initiatives or maintain an affiliate salesforce and market acceptance for
our new Trulu brand and products could harm our business.
The failure of our Trulu brand and products to attract or gain acceptance from affiliates or consumers could negatively affect our operating results. Our operating
results have been and could be adversely affected if the Trulu products, affiliate platform, and business opportunity do not generate sufficient enthusiasm and
financial benefit to attract affiliates who are interested in selling the Trulu products, building a customer base, and promoting the affiliate program. In 2023, our
Trulu product sales and affiliate participation were below expectations. Potential factors affecting interest in the Trulu affiliate program and its products include,
among other things, perceived product quality and value, similarities to other products, product effectiveness, growth of the gig economy, perceived economic
success in the affiliate business opportunity, our technology infrastructure and capabilities, restrictions in social or digital media for sharing products and
attracting consumers, and regulatory restrictions on claims. If we are unable to anticipate changes in consumer preferences and trends, our business, financial
condition, and operating results could be materially adversely affected. Additionally, if we are unable to anticipate changes in the gig and sharing economies and
adapt our business opportunity accordingly, our ability to capture growth trends in the social-selling e-commerce marketplace could be materially adversely
affected.
Our failure to appropriately respond to changing consumer preferences and demand for new products or product enhancements could significantly harm
our relationship with independent associates and preferred customers, our product sales, as well as our financial condition and operating results.
Our business is subject to changing consumer trends and preferences, including rapid and frequent changes in demand for products, new product
introductions, and enhancements. Our failure to accurately predict these trends could negatively impact consumer opinion of our products, which in turn could
harm our independent associate and preferred customer relationships and cause the loss of sales. The success of our new product offerings and enhancements
depends upon a number of factors, including our ability to:
•
•
•
•
accurately anticipate consumer needs;
innovate and develop new products or product enhancements that meet these needs;
successfully commercialize new products or product enhancements in a timely manner;
price our products competitively;
• manufacture and deliver our products in sufficient volumes and in a timely manner; and
•
differentiate our product offerings from those of our competitors.
If we do not introduce new products or make enhancements to meet the changing needs of our independent associates and preferred customers in a
timely manner, some of our products could be rendered obsolete, which could negatively impact our revenues, financial condition, and operating results.
If our outside suppliers and manufacturers fail to supply products in sufficient quantities and in a timely fashion or fail to comply with our product safety
and quality standards or applicable law, our business could suffer.
Outside manufacturers produce all of our products. Our profit margins and timely product delivery are dependent upon the ability of our outside
suppliers and manufacturers to supply us with products in a timely and cost-efficient manner. Our ability to enter new markets and sustain satisfactory levels of
sales in each market depends on the ability of our outside suppliers and manufacturers to provide required levels of ingredients and products and to comply with
all applicable regulations. As a precaution, we have approved alternate suppliers and manufacturers for our products. However, the failure of our primary
suppliers or manufacturers to supply ingredients or produce our products could adversely affect our business operations.
We believe we have dependable third-party manufacturers. Our business depends in large part on our ability to maintain consumer confidence in the
safety and quality of our products. We have rigorous product safety and quality standards,
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which we expect our third-party contract manufacturers to meet. However, despite our commitment to product safety and quality, our contract manufacturers
may not always meet these standards, particularly as we expand our manufacturing operations and product offerings. Further, our manufacturing operations are
subject to numerous regulations, including food and drug, environmental, and labor regulations, which continue to expand and evolve and require substantial
expenditures. If our contract manufacturers fail to comply with our product safety and quality standards or applicable law, or if our products are or become
contaminated, damaged, adulterated, mislabeled, or misbranded, whether caused by us or someone in our supply chain or events outside of our or their control,
we may be required to undertake costly remediation efforts, which may include product recalls, formulation changes, the destruction of inventory, and supply
chain interruption, and may become subject to negative publicity, regulatory action or fines, and product liability claims, which could materially harm our
reputation, business, financial condition, and operating results.
The loss of suppliers, shortages of raw materials or our failure to satisfy minimum purchase requirements could have an adverse effect on our business,
financial condition, or results of operations.
We depend on outside suppliers for raw materials. Our contract manufacturers acquire all of the raw materials for manufacturing our products from
third-party suppliers. In the event we were to lose any significant suppliers and have trouble in finding or transitioning to alternative suppliers, it could result in
product shortages or product back orders, which could harm our business. There can be no assurance that suppliers will be able to provide our contract
manufacturers the raw materials in the quantities and at the appropriate level of quality that we request or at a price that we are willing to pay. We are also
subject to delays caused by any interruption in the production of these materials including weather, disease, crop conditions, climate change, energy costs,
currency fluctuations, logistics service capacities, transportation interruptions, and natural disasters or other catastrophic events. For example, in March 2020, the
WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic, which spread throughout our international regions and throughout the United States. Beginning in
2020 and continuing through 2023, the Company experienced challenges in getting certain materials and ingredients to our contract manufacturers and finished
products to our distribution centers resulting from reductions in global transportation capacity and other logistical issues within the supply chain. The extent to
which COVID-related factors impact our future operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with
confidence, including the continued use of updated COVID-19 vaccines, the impact of variants of COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions often referred to as
“Long COVID” or “long-haul COVID,” among others. In particular, the spread of new COVID-19 variants or other rapidly spreading communicable diseases
globally could adversely impact our operations, including among others, our manufacturing and supply chain, sales and marketing and clinical trial operations
and could have an adverse impact on our business and our financial results.
We maintain supply agreements with our suppliers and manufacturers. Certain of our supply agreements contain exclusivity clauses for the supply of
certain raw materials and products, some of which are conditioned upon compliance with minimum purchase requirements. One of our supply agreements, under
which the supplier provides us with certain aloe vera-based raw materials, requires us to purchase raw materials in an aggregate amount of $4.2 million through
2024. Failure to satisfy minimum purchase requirements could result in the loss of exclusivity, which could adversely affect our business.
If we are exposed to product liability claims, we may be liable for damages and expenses, which could affect our overall financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows.
We could face financial liability from product liability claims if the use of our products results in significant loss or injury. We can make no assurances
that we will not be exposed to any substantial future product liability claims. Such claims may include claims that our products contain contaminants, that we
provide our independent associates and consumers with inadequate instructions regarding product use, or that we provide inadequate warnings concerning side
effects or interactions of our products with other substances. We believe that we, our suppliers, and our manufacturers maintain adequate product liability
insurance coverage. However, a substantial future product liability claim could exceed the amount of insurance coverage or could be excluded under the terms of
an existing insurance policy, which could adversely affect our overall future financial condition.
Several years ago, a discovery of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (“BSE”), which is commonly referred to as “Mad Cow Disease”, has caused
concern among the general public. As a result, some countries have banned the importation or sale of products that contain bovine materials sourced from
locations where BSE has been identified. We have changed many of our capsules to a vegetable base. However, if a vegetable base is not available or practical
for use, certifications are required to ensure the capsule material is BSE-free. The higher costs could affect our financial condition, results of operations, and our
cash flows.
Concentration Risk
A significant portion of our revenue is derived from our Ambrotose, Ambrotose Life , TruHealth , Manapol®, and Optimal Support Packets products.
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A decline in sales value of such products could have a material adverse effect on our earnings, cash flows, and financial position.
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Our business is not currently exposed to customer concentration risk given that no independent associate has ever accounted for more than 10% of our
consolidated net sales.
Currently, the Republic of Korea is our largest market. An economic decline in the market, a shift in consumer demand for our products or business
opportunity, or regulatory changes affecting our business model, products, or compensation plan in this market could have a material adverse effect on our
earnings, cash flows, and financial position.
If we incur substantial liability from litigation, complaints, or enforcement actions or incur liabilities or penalties resulting from misconduct by our
independent associates, our financial condition could suffer, and could have a negative impact on our profitability and growth prospects.
Routine enforcement actions and complaints are common in our industry. Although we believe we fully cooperate with regulatory agencies and use
various means to address misconduct by our independent associates, including maintaining policies and procedures to govern the conduct of our independent
associates and conducting training seminars, it is still difficult to detect and correct all instances of misconduct. Violations of our policies and procedures by our
independent associates could lead to litigation, formal or informal complaints, enforcement actions, and inquiries by various federal, state, or foreign regulatory
authorities against us and/or our independent associates in each country. Because we have expanded into foreign countries, our policies and procedures for our
independent associates differ depending on the different legal requirements of each country in which an independent associate does business. Any future
litigation, complaints, and enforcement actions involving us and/or our independent associates could consume considerable amounts of financial and other
corporate resources, which could have a negative impact on our business, profitability, and growth prospects.
The global nutrition and skin care industries are intensely competitive and the strengthening of any of our competitors could harm our business.
The global nutrition and skin care industries are intensely fragmented and competitive. We compete for independent associates with other network
marketing companies outside the global nutrition and skin care industries. Many of our competitors have greater name recognition and financial resources, which
may give them a competitive advantage. Our competitors may also be able to devote greater resources to marketing, promotional, and pricing campaigns that
may influence our continuing and potential independent associates and preferred customers to buy products from competitors rather than from us. Such
competition could adversely affect our business and current market share.
A downturn in the economy, including as a result of continuing COVID-related factors such as variants and post-COVID conditions, or other
communicable and rapidly spreading diseases could affect consumer purchases of discretionary items such as the health and wellness products that we offer,
which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, profitability, and cash flows.
We appeal to a wide demographic consumer profile and offer a broad selection of health and wellness products. A downturn in the economy, including
as a result of the continuation of COVID-related factors or other rapidly spreading communicable diseases, could adversely impact consumer purchases of
discretionary items such as health and wellness products. The United States and global economies may slow dramatically as a result of a variety of problems,
including turmoil in the credit and financial markets, concerns regarding the stability and viability of major financial institutions, the state of the housing
markets, and volatility in worldwide stock markets. In the event of such economic downturn, the U.S. and global economies could become significantly
challenged in a recessionary state for an indeterminate period of time. These economic conditions could cause many of our existing and potential associates to
delay or reduce purchases of our products for some time, which in turn could harm our business by adversely affecting our revenues, results of operations, cash
flows and financial condition. We cannot predict these economic conditions or the impact they would have on our consumers or business.
Adverse or negative publicity could cause our business to suffer.
Our business depends, in part, on the public’s perception of our integrity and the safety and quality of our products. Any adverse publicity could
negatively affect the public’s perception about our industry, our products, or our reputation and could result in a significant decline in our operations and/or the
number of our independent associates. Specifically, we are susceptible to adverse or negative publicity regarding:
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the nutritional supplements industry;
skeptical consumers;
competitors;
the safety and quality of our products and/or our ingredients;
regulatory investigations of our products or our competitors’ products;
the actions of our independent associates;
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the direct selling/network marketing industry; and
scandals or regulatory investigations regarding the business practices or products or our competitors, specifically those competitors within the
direct selling channel.
If our information technology system fails or if the implementation of new information technology systems is not executed efficiently and effectively, our
business, financial position, and operating results could be adversely affected.
Like many companies, our business is heavily dependent upon our information technology infrastructure to effectively manage and operate many of our
key business functions, including:
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order processing;
supply chain management;
customer service;
product distribution;
commission processing;
cash receipts and payments; and
financial reporting.
These systems and operations are vulnerable to damage and interruption from fires, earthquakes, telecommunications failures, and other events. They
are also subject to break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and similar misconduct. Although we maintain an extensive security system and business
continuity program that was developed under the guidelines published by the National Institute of Standards of Technology, a long-term failure or impairment of
any of our information technology systems could adversely affect our ability to conduct day-to-day business.
Occasionally information technology systems must be upgraded or replaced and if this system implementation is not executed efficiently and
effectively, the implementation may cause interruptions in our primary management information systems, which may make our website or services unavailable
thereby preventing us from processing transactions, which would adversely affect our financial position or operating results.
The regulatory climate for data privacy and protection continues to grow in scope and complexity both domestically and in the international markets in
which we operate. Although there is no single federal law in the United States imposing a cross-sectoral data breach notification obligation, virtually every state
has enacted breach notification requirements. Additionally, many U.S. states and countries in which we operate have proposed or enacted laws or regulations on
the appropriate use and disclosure of financial and personal data. The EU adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) on April 27, 2016. The
GDPR went into effect on May 25, 2018. The GDPR applies to organizations based in the EU and organizations based outside of the EU that offer products or
services to individuals in the EU or that otherwise monitor individuals in the EU. While U.S. state laws generally cover specific categories of sensitive personal
data (e.g., social security numbers, bank account numbers, and credit card numbers), the GDPR notification requirements will apply to incidents involving any
personal data, meaning any data related to an identified person. In Canada, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”) went
into effect on November 1, 2018. PIPEDA applies to foreign organizations with a real and substantial link to Canada that collect, use, or disclose the personal
information of Canadians in the course of their commercial activities. Under PIPEDA, an organization must notify individuals of any breach of the security of
safeguards involving their personal information if it is reasonable to believe that the breach creates a “real risk of significant harm.” Concurrently, the
organization must also report to the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. As noted above, many states have enacted data protection requirements. The California
Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), a state statute signed into law on June 28, 2018 and effective on January 1, 2020, provides enhanced data privacy protections
to California residents. The CCPA applies to companies with annual gross revenues in excess of $25 million. The South Africa Protection of Personal
Information Act (“POPI”) went effective on July 1, 2021. POPI shares similarities with both the EU GDPR and the CCPA. Most recently, China passed the PIPL
on August 20, 2021. The PIPL is designed to protect online users’ data privacy, effective on November 1, 2021. Regarded as China’s version of the GDPR, the
PIPL lays out a comprehensive set of rules on how business operators should collect, use, process, share, and transfer personal information in China. Our failure
or inability to comply with data protection regimes domestically and in foreign countries could result in fines, penalties, injunctions, or material litigation
expenditures.
With increased frequency in recent years, cyber-attacks against companies have resulted in breaches of data security. Our business requires the storage
and transmission of suppliers’ data and our independent associates’ and customers’ personal, credit card, and other confidential information. Our information
technology systems are susceptible to a growing and evolving threat of cybersecurity risk. If our third-party vendors do not maintain adequate security measures,
do not require their sub-contractors to maintain adequate security measures, do not perform as anticipated and in accordance with contractual requirements, or
become targets of cyber-attacks, we may experience breach of customer data or operational difficulties and increased costs, which could materially and adversely
affect our business. Any substantial compromise of our data security, whether externally or internally, or misuse of associate, customer, or employee data, could
cause considerable damage to our
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reputation, cause the public disclosure of confidential information, and result in lost sales, significant costs, and litigation, which would negatively affect our
financial position and results of operations. Although we maintain policies and processes surrounding the protection of sensitive data, which we believe to be
adequate, there can be no assurances that we will not be subject to such claims in the future.
We rely upon our existing cash balances and cash flow from operations to fund our business and meet our contractual obligations. In the event that we do
not generate adequate cash flow from operations, we will need to raise money through a debt or equity financing, if available, or curtail operations.
The adequacy of our cash resources to continue to meet our future operational needs depends, in large part, on our ability to increase product sales
and/or reduce operating costs and some of these costs are fixed contractual obligations. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash and cash equivalents held in
bank accounts in foreign countries totaled $3.5 million and $11.3 million, respectively.
If we are unsuccessful in generating positive cash flow from operations, we could exhaust our available cash resources and be required to secure
additional funding through a debt or equity financing, transfer cash in a manner that could be taxed, significantly scale back our operations, and/or discontinue
many of our activities, which could negatively affect our business and prospects. Additional funding may not be available or may only be available on
unfavorable terms.
We are subject to liquidity risk, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations
Effective liquidity management is essential for the operation of our business. Although we have implemented strategies to maintain sufficient and
diverse sources of funding to accommodate planned, as well as unanticipated, changes in assets and liabilities, under various economic conditions, an inability to
raise capital through operations and other sources could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to
finance our activities could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the direct selling industry in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact our
access to liquidity sources include credit availability through commercial banking, foreign exchange controls, limitations on the repatriation of funds, and
changes in currency policies or practices of foreign jurisdictions. Deterioration in economic conditions may increase our cost of funding and limit our access to
some sources of liquidity.
Risks Related to Our International Operations
If our international markets are not successful, our business could suffer.
We currently sell our products in the international markets of Canada, Mexico, Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the
Republic of Ireland, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea,
Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. We operate in China on a non-direct selling business model instead of our traditional network marketing model. In
China, multi-level marketing is prohibited by the Prohibition of Pyramid Selling and direct selling without a license is prohibited by the Regulation on the
Administration of Direct Sales. Our international operations could experience changes in legal and regulatory requirements, as well as difficulties in adapting to
new foreign cultures and business customs. If we do not adequately address such issues, our international markets may not meet growth expectations. Our
international operations and future expansion plans are subject to political, economic, and social uncertainties, including:
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inflation;
the renegotiation or modification of various agreements;
increases in custom duties and tariffs;
changes and limits in export controls;
complex U.S. and foreign laws, treaties and regulations, including without limitation, tax laws, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and similar
anti-bribery and corruption acts and regulations in many of the markets in which we operate;
trademark availability and registration issues;
changes in exchange rates;
changes in taxation;
• wars, civil unrest, acts of terrorism, conflicts and other hostilities;
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political, economic, and social conditions;
the continuing effects of COVID-related factors;
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changes to trade practice laws or regulations governing direct selling and network marketing;
increased government scrutiny surrounding direct selling and network marketing;
changes in the perception of network marketing; and
risk of our independent associates offering business opportunities in China.
In February 2022, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the U.S. and the EU imposed various economic sanctions against Russia. If Russia responds
with retaliatory measures such as restrictions on the sale of oil or other energy resources from Russia to other countries in the region, that could result in an
increase in our global shipping expenses, reduce our sales, or otherwise have an adverse effect on our European operations. Additionally, escalation by Russia
beyond Ukraine and into other countries within the region, could also reduce our sales and have a negative effect on our European operations.
The risks outlined above could adversely affect our ability to sell products, obtain international customers, or to operate our international business
profitably, which would have a negative impact on our overall business and results of operations. Furthermore, any negative changes in our distribution channels
may force us to invest significant time and money related to our distribution and sales to maintain our position in certain international markets.
Currency exchange rate fluctuations could reduce our overall profits.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized 77.1% of net sales in markets outside of the United States and 67.6% in markets outside of the
Americas. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized 78.3% of net sales in markets outside of the United States and 69.7% in markets outside of the
Americas. In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to translate certain financial information from foreign currencies to the United
States dollar using either the spot rate or the weighted-average exchange rate. If the United States dollar changes relative to applicable local currencies, there is a
risk our reported sales, operating expenses, and net income could significantly fluctuate. For example, our 2023 net sales decreased 2.1% on a Constant dollar
basis (see Item 7, Non-GAAP Financial Measures), and unfavorable foreign exchange caused a $2.3 million decrease in GAAP net sales as compared to 2022. In
other words, 2023 sales would have been $2.3 million higher than the reported value, except for the impact of foreign exchange. There can be no assurance that
foreign currency fluctuations will not have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows. We
are not able to predict the degree of exchange rate fluctuations, nor can we estimate the effect any future fluctuations may have upon our future operations. To
date, we have not entered into any hedging contracts or participated in any hedging or derivative activities.
COVID-related factors and the possibility of other epidemics or rapidly spreading communicable disease may continue to negatively impact our business.
Due to the person-to-person nature of our direct selling business model, our financial results have been, and will likely continue to be, harmed if the fear
of a communicable and rapidly spreading disease results in travel restrictions or cause people to avoid group meetings or gatherings or interaction with other
people. It is difficult to predict the impact on our business, if any, of the emergence of COVID-19 variants, COVID-related factors such as “Long COVID” or
“Long-haul COVID” remain ongoing, new epidemics, or other crises. The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 and ensuing pandemic resulted in significant
contraction of economies around the world and interrupted global supply chains as many governments issued shelter-in-place orders to combat the spread of
COVID-19. Government-imposed restrictions and public hesitance regarding in-person gatherings, travel and visiting public places reduced our associates’
ability to hold sales meetings, resulted in cancellations of corporate-sponsored and associate-sponsored events, and incentive trips. Our supply chain and
logistics incurred some interruptions and cost impacts, and we could experience more significant interruptions and cost impacts or face more significant closures
in the future, whether due to the ongoing effects of COVID-19 directly, or other related factors such as resistance to vaccines or resistance to vaccine
requirements. These factors and other events related to COVID-19 have negatively impacted our sales and operations and could continue to negatively affect our
business and our financial results. Although some of the negative impacts of COVID-19 have improved and many government restrictions have been lifted, this
situation continues to be fluid and there is uncertainty regarding its duration and future impacts. For example, COVID-19 variants have caused some of the
pandemic’s negative impacts to return, and COVID-related factors affected our business in some of our Asian markets.
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Risks Related to Regulation
If government regulations regarding network marketing change or are interpreted or enforced in a manner adverse to our business, we may be subject to
new enforcement actions and material limitations regarding our overall business model.
Network marketing is always subject to extensive governmental regulations, including foreign, federal, and state regulations. Any change in legislation
and regulations could affect our business. Furthermore, significant penalties could be imposed on us for failure to comply with various statutes or regulations.
Violations may result from:
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ambiguity in statutes;
regulations and related court decisions;
the discretion afforded to regulatory authorities and courts interpreting and enforcing laws;
new regulations affecting our business; and
changes to, or interpretations of, existing regulations affecting our business.
On January 4, 2018, the FTC issued “Business Guidance Concerning Multi-Level Marketing” a non-binding guidance in question-and-answer format
clarifying the FTC’s enforcement position regarding multi-level marketing. The guidance focuses on the characteristics of multi-level marketing and delineates
the factors that the FTC staff is likely to consider in assessing whether or not a compensation structure is problematic. The FTC has broad enforcement authority
and, while it issues guidance on how it interprets the applicable law, that guidance is not ultimately binding on the FTC. As a result, the FTC could decide to
investigate or bring an enforcement action regarding practices that we interpret to be in line with applicable law and/or FTC guidance. For example, the FTC has
challenged the distributor compensation plans used by other multi-level-marketing companies over the last few years. The FTC obtained consent decrees with
those companies requiring those companies to (i) discontinue using all, or certain components of, their compensation plans; and (ii) implement a compensation
plan that received prior approval from the FTC. In 2019, the FTC continued to challenge compensation plans and structures within the direct selling channel. In
October 2019, following ongoing discussions with the FTC pertaining to an enforcement action, one of our competitors changed its business model from multi-
level-marketing to direct-to-consumer as part of a stipulated order for permanent injunction. While consent decrees and orders entered into by our competitors
are not binding on the Company, it does provide an insight into the FTC’s priorities regarding its interpretation and enforcement of regulations pertaining to the
multi-level-marketing business model. While we prioritize ensuring that our business and compensation model are compliant, we cannot be certain that the FTC
or similar regulatory body in another country will not modify or otherwise amend its guidance, laws, or regulations or interpret in a way that would render our
current practices inconsistent with the same.
FTC determinations such as these have created ambiguity regarding the proper interpretation of the law and regulations applicable to direct selling
companies, and in particular, companies that use a multi-level-marketing business model, in the United States. While a consent order between the FTC and a
specific company does not represent judicial precedent and is not legally binding on other companies, FTC officials have indicated that companies within the
direct selling channel should look to these consent orders for guidance. Additionally, while communications and guidance from the FTC to the direct selling
channel in 2019 and 2018 reinforce the principles contained in these consent orders, these communications have also created ambiguity and uncertainty
regarding the proper interpretation of the laws, regulations and judicial precedent applicable to direct selling in the United States. We continue to analyze the
consent orders, guidance and other communications issued by the FTC. Although we strive to ensure that our overall business model and compensation plans are
regulatory compliant in each of our markets, we cannot assure you that a regulator, if it were to review our business, would agree with our assessment and would
not require us to change one or more aspects of our operations. Any action against us in the future by the FTC or another regulator could materially and
adversely affect our operations.
On October 28, 2021, the Company received a letter from the FTC regarding “Notices of Penalty Offenses Concerning Money-Making Opportunities
and Endorsement and Testimonials." The Company was among 1,100 other companies to receive the letter which put companies on notice that they should be
aware of what constitutes false or misleading income, earning, or product claims. As the FTC made clear in the letter, receipt of the letter is not a determination
of wrongdoing. From a procedural standpoint, the FTC would still have to file a formal action if they determine the Company is in violation of the parameters
laid out in the letter and then undergo an administrative hearing process. The letter is the first step in a process for the FTC to impose “civil monetary penalties
of up to $43,792 per violation.” Nearly all Direct Selling Association (“DSA”) member companies received the notice along with non-members of the DSA in
the direct selling channel, gig companies, franchise companies, and other companies offering business opportunities.
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In March 2022 the FTC issued an Advanced Notice of Public Rulemaking: Trade Regulation Rule on the Use of Earnings Claims that proposes to
regulate how the Company and its associates advertise and represent the business. Additionally, in November 2022, the FTC issued an Advanced Notice of
Public Rulemaking regarding changes to the Business Opportunity Rule, which requires business opportunity sellers to give prospective buyers specific
information to help evaluate a business or work-from-home opportunity. As a direct selling company, we are currently exempt from the Business Opportunity
Rule. A potential rule on the use of earnings claims by us or our independent associates or an expansion of the business opportunity rule to include direct selling
companies could have a negative effect on our business by requiring burdensome administrative disclosure obligations that could prevent individuals from
engaging in our business.
We cannot predict what effect additional governmental regulations, judicial decisions, or administrative orders, when and if promulgated, would have
on our business. Failure by us, or our associates, to comply with these laws, regulations, or guidance, could have a material adverse effect on our business in a
particular market or in general. Finally, the continuation of regulatory challenges, investigations and litigation against other direct selling companies could harm
our business and the direct selling channel if the laws and regulations are interpreted in a way that results in additional restrictions on direct selling companies in
general.
Independent associates could fail to comply with our associate policies and procedures or make improper product, compensation, marketing or advertising
claims that violate laws or regulations, which could result in claims against us that could harm our financial condition and operating results.
We sell our products worldwide to a sales force of independent associates. The independent associates are independent contractors and, accordingly, we
are not in a position to provide the same direction, motivation, and oversight as we would if associates were our own employees. As a result, there can be no
assurance that our associates will participate in our marketing strategies or plans, accept our introduction of new products, or comply with our associate policies
and procedures. All independent associates sign a written contract and agree to adhere to our policies and procedures, which prohibit associates from making
false, misleading or other improper claims regarding products or income potential from the distribution of the products. However, independent associates may
from time to time, without our knowledge and in violation of our policies, make non-compliant statements, create promotional materials, or otherwise provide
information that does not accurately describe our products or marketing program. In addition to policies prohibiting improper product claims, we also have
policies that prohibit our independent associates from selling our products or otherwise conducting business in markets outside of the countries in which we
operate or in a manner inconsistent with how we operate in a specific country.
There is a possibility that some jurisdictions could seek to hold us responsible for independent associate activities that violate applicable laws or
regulations, which could result in government or third-party actions or fines against us, which could harm our financial condition and operating results. For
example, Meitai does not operate as a direct selling company in mainland China and does not hold a direct selling license in China. Additionally, direct selling
regulations in China prevent persons who are not Chinese nationals from engaging in direct selling in China. While we have policies that prohibit our
independent associates from conducting business in markets other than those in which we currently operate and we have provided information on how Meitai
operates in China as a non-direct selling business under an e-commerce model, we cannot guarantee that our independent associates will not violate our policies
or violate Chinese law or other applicable regulations, and therefore, might result in regulatory action and adverse publicity, which would harm our business in
China or our business generally.
We may be held responsible for certain taxes or assessments relating to the activities of our independent associates, which could harm our financial
condition and operating results.
Our independent associates are subject to taxation and, in some instances, legislation or governmental agencies impose an obligation on us to collect
taxes, such as value added taxes, and to maintain appropriate tax records. In addition, we are subject to the risk in some jurisdictions of being responsible for
social security and similar social taxes with respect to our distributors. In the event that local laws and regulations require us to treat our independent distributors
as employees, or if our distributors are deemed by local regulatory authorities to be our employees, rather than independent contractors, we may be held
responsible for social security and/or related social taxes in those jurisdictions, plus any related assessments and penalties, which could harm our financial
condition and operating results. Laws regarding independent contractor status in certain jurisdictions, including the U.S., continue to evolve and have been
applied unfavorably to gig economy companies, platform companies, and some of our counterparts in the direct selling channel.
If federal, state, or local laws and regulations or the interpretation of those laws and regulations require us to treat our independent associates or Trulu
affiliates as employees, or if they are deemed by local regulatory authorities in one or more of the jurisdictions in which we operate to be our employees rather
than independent contractors, under existing laws and interpretations, we may be deemed to be responsible for a variety of obligations that are imposed upon
employers relating to their employees, including social security and related taxes in those jurisdictions, wages, employee benefits, plus any related assessments
and penalties, which could harm our financial position and operations.
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Challenges by private parties to the form of our network marketing system could harm our business.
We may be subject to challenges by private parties, including our independent associates and preferred customers, to the form of our network marketing
system or elements of our business. In the United States, the network marketing industry and regulatory authorities have relied on the implementation of
distributor rules and policies designed to promote retail sales to protect consumers, prevent inappropriate activities, and distinguish between legitimate network
marketing distribution plans and unlawful pyramid schemes. We have adopted rules and policies based on case law, rulings of the FTC, discussions with
regulatory authorities in several states, and domestic and global industry standards. As a member of the U.S. DSA, we are required to adhere to a code of ethics
that protects our associates and their customers, and ensures all DSA members remain accountable to regulators, consumers, independent distributors, and the
public.
On January 4, 2019, the DSA established a third party self-regulatory program to be administered by the Council of Better Business Bureaus. The new
entity, the Direct Selling Self-Regulatory Council (“DSSRC”), will engage in active monitoring of the entire direct selling marketplace, including websites and
social media of direct selling companies and their respective independent distributors in the areas of income representations and product claims. The DSSRC
will report potentially non-compliant companies to the appropriate government agencies and will manage consumer/company complaint resolution.
Legal and regulatory requirements concerning network marketing systems, however, involve a high level of subjectivity, are inherently fact-based, and
are subject to judicial interpretation. Because of this, we can provide no assurance that we would not be harmed by the application or interpretation of statutes or
regulations governing network marketing, particularly in any civil challenge by a current or former independent associate or preferred customer.
If our network marketing activities do not comply with government regulations, our business could suffer.
Many governmental agencies regulate our network marketing activities. A government agency’s determination that our business or our independent
associates have significantly violated a law or regulation could adversely affect our business. The laws and regulations for network marketing intend to prevent
fraudulent or deceptive schemes. Our business faces constant regulatory scrutiny due to the interpretive and enforcement discretion given to regulators, periodic
misconduct by our independent associates, adoption of new laws or regulations, and changes in the interpretation of new or existing laws or regulations.
In addition, in the past, and because of the industry in which we operate, we have experienced inquiries regarding specific independent associates.
The Company may, directly or indirectly, be affected by government laws and regulations related to climate change.
Climate change, or legal, regulatory or market measures to address climate change, may negatively affect our business and operations. There is growing
concern that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may have an adverse impact on global temperatures, weather patterns, and the
frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters. In the event that climate change has a negative effect on agricultural productivity, we may be
subject to decreased availability or less favorable pricing for certain commodities that are necessary for our products, such as Aloe Vera and other plant-based
raw materials used in our products. Adverse weather conditions and natural disasters can reduce crop size and crop quality, which in turn could reduce our
supplies of raw materials, lower recoveries of usable raw materials, increase the prices of our raw materials, increase our cost of storing and transporting our raw
materials, or disrupt production schedules.
If we violate governmental regulations or fail to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, our operations could be adversely affected.
Our operation is subject to extensive laws, governmental regulations, administrative determinations, court decisions, and similar constraints at the
federal, state, and local levels in our domestic and foreign markets. These regulations primarily involve the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, distribution, importation, sale, and storage of our products;
the health and safety of dietary supplements, cosmetics and foods;
trade practice laws and network marketing laws (e.g., licensing and registration requirements; regulations pertaining to commission payments);
our product claims and advertising by our independent associates;
our network marketing system;
pricing restrictions regarding transactions with our foreign subsidiaries or other related parties and similar regulations that affect our level of
foreign taxable income;
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•
•
•
the assessment of customs duties;
further taxation of our independent associates, which may obligate us to collect additional taxes and maintain additional records; and
export and import restrictions.
Any unexpected new regulations or changes in existing regulations could significantly restrict our ability to continue operations, which could adversely
affect our business. For example, changes regarding health and safety and food and drug regulations for our nutritional products could require us to reformulate
our products to comply with such regulations.
®
On May 4, 2022, the Company received notice from its customs broker that the FDA held, inspected, and took samples for testing from shipments
imported from Costa Rica of its Ambrotose Life and Ambrotose Complex products. We cooperated with the FDA and supplied requested documentation from
our third-party manufacturer. The products were eventually released with the exception of one lot of Ambrotose Life powder which was denied entry. There
was an inconsistency in the results obtained by the FDA as compared to the results obtained by both the manufacturer and two independent labs engaged by the
Company to conduct testing. Additionally, we engaged a food-safety expert to analyze the testing results. The third-party testing results were all within
established specifications and at levels customarily seen with raw botanical powders. In addition to the extensive testing and analysis completed by the
Company, the food safety expert reviewed FDA’s test results, the two third-party labs’ test results, and the documentation and testing from our manufacturer. The
expert’s report was included as an exhibit to the Company’s response to the FDA. The expert’s report concluded that the Company’s analytical data from
samples of the same lot that the FDA tested, supported a conclusion favoring the Company’s results. However, on February 9, 2023, we received notice that the
FDA was refusing admission of the product. We scheduled return of that lot to the manufacturer.
®
®
®
On October 3, 2022, the Company received notice that the Ambrotose Life powder product was being detained due to a labeling issue asserting that
there are formatting issues on the supplement facts panel. The formatting issues, which have been corrected, centered on stating “O g” or “0%” instead of “< 1g”
or less than “< 1%” for sugar and sodium, respectively. We were also asked to remove the statement, “Not a significant source of saturated fat, trans fat,
cholesterol, protein, vitamin D, calcium, or iron.” While the labeling issues raised by the FDA have been corrected, we continued to experience FDA holds and
future holds and requested changes could cause delays within our supply chain resulting in potential back orders, which could reduce associate and customer
confidence and have a negative impact on our sales.
In some foreign countries, nutritional products are considered foods, while other countries consider them drugs. Future health and safety or food and
drug regulations could delay or prevent our introduction of new products or suspend or prohibit the sale of existing products in a given country or marketplace.
In addition, if we expand into other foreign markets, our operations or products could also be affected by the general stability of such foreign governments and
the regulatory environment relating to network marketing and our products. If our products are subject to high customs duties, our sales and competitive position
could suffer as compared to locally produced goods. Furthermore, import restrictions in certain countries and jurisdictions could limit our ability to import
products from the United States.
We operate a non-direct selling business in mainland China. In 2016, we formed our China subsidiary, Meitai. Unlike Mannatech’s business operations
in other markets, Meitai operates under a cross-border e-commerce model, where consumers in China can buy Mannatech products manufactured overseas via
Meitai's website. Meitai is currently not a direct selling company in China nor can it operate under a multi-level marketing model in China. Products purchased
on Meitai's website are for personal use and not for resale. Meitai offers a rewards program to incentivize existing customers to refer other customers to purchase
products from Meitai’s website. Customs regulations in China include purchase limits to ensure that purchased products are for personal consumption.
Regulators in China may change how they interpret and enforce regulations regarding e-commerce sales and how goods are imported through the free trade zone
for sale to consumers in China. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Chinese government’s current or future interpretation and application of existing
and new regulations will not negatively impact our business in China, result in regulatory investigations, or lead to fines or penalties against us.
On January 8, 2019, China’s State Administration of Market Regulation, along with 12 other government ministries and agencies, jointly launched a
nationwide “100-day campaign” to crack down on illegal practices involving health products, and in particular, those operating in the direct selling channel. The
campaign was initiated amid growing controversies surrounding, Quanjian, a licensed direct selling company suspected of operating a pyramid scheme and
engaging in marketing practices that exaggerated the effectiveness of its health products. Other direct selling firms operating in China were cautioned to stop
making false or exaggerated health claims through public advertising and their distributors. As part of the 100-day campaign, China also suspended the
registration, approval, and issuance of direct selling licenses. The 100-day campaign was completed on April 18, 2019. Subsequent to the campaign, Quanjian
was fined approximately $14.0 million and its founder and chairman was sentenced to nine years in prison and assessed a fine of approximately $7.0 million.
The suspension of issuing direct selling licenses continues.
Many direct selling companies operating in China are still experiencing negative effects to their business operations including limited sales meetings,
media scrutiny, and unfavorable consumer sentiment towards direct selling companies. Chinese officials of various ministries and agencies stated that they will
continue to monitor healthcare product and direct
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selling companies. The suspension on issuing direct selling licenses remains in effect and it is unclear whether there will be changes to the application processes
if and when the suspension is lifted.
Increased regulatory scrutiny of nutritional supplements as well as new regulations that are being adopted in some of our markets with respect to nutritional
supplements could result in more restrictive regulations and harm our results if our supplements or advertising activities are found to violate existing or new
regulations or if we are not able to effect necessary changes to our products in a timely and efficient manner to respond to new regulations.
There has been an increasing movement in the United States and other markets to increase the regulation of dietary supplements, which could impose
additional restrictions or requirements on us and increase the cost of doing business. On February 11, 2019, the FDA issued a statement from FDA
Commissioner, Dr. Scott Gottlieb, regarding the agency's efforts to strengthen the regulation of dietary supplements. The FDA will be prioritizing and focusing
resources on misbranded products bearing unproven claims to treat, cure, or mitigate disease. Commissioner Gottlieb established a Dietary Supplement Working
Group tasked with reviewing the agency's organizational structure, process, procedures, and practices to identify opportunities to modernize the oversight of
dietary supplements. Additionally, on December 21, 2015, the FDA created the ODSP. The creation of this new office elevates the FDA’s program from its
previous status as a division under the Office of Nutrition and Dietary Supplements. ODSP will continue to monitor the safety of dietary supplements. In markets
outside of the United States, prior to commencing operations or marketing new products, we may be required to obtain approvals, registrations, licenses, or
certifications from an agency comparable to the FDA for the specific market. Approvals or registration may require reformulation of our products or may be
unavailable to us with respect to certain products or ingredients. We must also comply with product labeling regulations, which vary by jurisdiction.
In several of our markets, new regulations have been adopted, or are likely to be adopted, in the near-term that will impose new requirements, make
changes in some classifications of supplements under the regulations, or limit the claims we can make. In addition, there has been increased regulatory scrutiny
of nutritional supplements and marketing claims under existing and new regulations. In Europe, for example, we are unable to market supplements that contain
ingredients that have not been previously marketed in Europe without going through an extensive registration and approval process. Europe is also expected to
adopt additional regulations in the future to set new limits on acceptable levels of nutrients. South Africa has also implemented new “complementary medicine”
legislation, which requires a significant dossier in order to register current and new products. Mannatech is working toward complying with the new legislation
and is in contact with the Direct Selling Association in South Africa. In August 2016, the FDA published its revised draft guidance on Dietary Supplements:
New Dietary Ingredient Notifications and Related Issues. If a company sells a dietary supplement containing an ingredient that FDA considers either not a
dietary ingredient or a new dietary ingredient (“NDI”) that needs an NDI notification, the agency may threaten or initiate enforcement against the Company. For
example, it might send a warning letter that can trigger consumer lawsuits, demand a product recall, or even work with the Department of Justice to bring a
criminal action. Our operations could be harmed if new guidance or regulations require us to reformulate products or effect new registrations, if regulatory
authorities make determinations that any of our products do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, if the cost of complying with regulatory
requirements increases materially, or if we are not able to effect necessary changes to our products in a timely and efficient manner to respond to new
regulations. In addition, our operations could be harmed if governmental laws or regulations are enacted that restrict the ability of companies to market or
distribute nutritional supplements or impose additional burdens or requirements on nutritional supplement companies.
Taxation and transfer pricing affect our operations and we could be subjected to additional taxes, duties, interest, and penalties in material amounts, which
could harm our business.
As a multinational corporation, in many countries, including the United States, we are subject to transfer pricing and other tax regulations designed to
ensure that our intercompany transactions are consummated at prices that reflect the economic reality of the relationship between our entities and have not been
manipulated to produce a desired tax result, that appropriate levels of income are reported as earned by the local entities, and that we are taxed appropriately on
such transactions. Regulators closely monitor our corporate structure, intercompany transactions, and how we effectuate intercompany fund transfers. If
regulators challenge our corporate structure, transfer pricing methodologies or intercompany transfers, our operations may be harmed and our effective tax rate
may increase. Scrutiny has increased with the advent of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project.
We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous international jurisdictions. Our income tax provision and cash tax liability in the future could
be adversely affected by changes in earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes
in tax laws and the discovery of new information in the course of our tax return preparation process. We are also subject to ongoing tax audits. These audits can
involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve and can be highly judgmental. Tax authorities may disagree with certain tax
reporting positions taken by us and, as a result, assess additional taxes against us. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits in order to determine
the appropriateness of our tax provision. The amounts ultimately paid upon
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resolution of these or subsequent tax audits could be materially different from the amount previously included in our income tax provision, and, therefore, could
have a material impact on our profitability.
Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock
Our stock price is volatile and may fluctuate significantly.
The price of our common stock is subject to sudden and material increases and decreases. Decreases could adversely affect investments in our common
stock. The price of our common stock and the price at which we could sell securities in the future could significantly fluctuate in response to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
broad market fluctuations and general economic conditions;
fluctuations in our financial results;
future securities offerings;
changes in the market’s perception of our products or our business, including false or negative publicity;
governmental regulatory actions;
the outcome of any lawsuits;
financial and business announcements made by us or our competitors;
the demand and daily trading volume of our shares;
the general condition of the industry; and
the sale of large amounts of stock by insiders.
In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations in recent years that have significantly affected the quoted prices of
the securities of many companies. The changes sometimes appear to occur without regard to specific operating performance. The price of our common stock in
the open market could fluctuate based on factors that have little or nothing to do with us or that are outside of our control. For example, general economic
conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, recession or interest rate or currency rate fluctuations in the United States or abroad, could negatively affect the
market price of our common stock in the future.
Certain shareholders, directors, and officers own a significant amount of our stock, which could allow them to influence corporate transactions and other
matters.
As of December 31, 2023, our directors and executive officers collectively with their families and affiliates, beneficially owned approximately 45.1% of
our total outstanding common stock. As a result, if two or more of these shareholders choose to act together based on their current share ownership, they may be
able to control a significant percentage of the total outstanding shares of our common stock, which could affect the outcome of a shareholder vote on the election
of directors, the adoption of stock option plans, the adoption or amendment of provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws, or the approval of mergers
and other significant corporate transactions.
We have implemented anti-takeover provisions that may help discourage a change of control.
Certain provisions in our articles of incorporation, bylaws, and the Texas Business Organizations Code help discourage unsolicited proposals to acquire
our Company, even if the proposal may benefit our shareholders. Our articles of incorporation authorize the issuance of preferred stock without shareholder
approval. Our Board of Directors has the power to determine the price and terms of any preferred stock. The ability of our Board of Directors to issue one or
more series of preferred stock without shareholders’ approval could deter or delay unsolicited changes of control by discouraging open market purchases of our
common stock or a non-negotiated tender or exchange offer for our common stock. Discouraging open market purchases may be disadvantageous to our
shareholders who may otherwise desire to participate in a transaction in which they would receive a premium for their shares.
In addition, other provisions may also discourage a change of control by means of a tender offer, open market purchase, proxy contest or otherwise. Our
charter documents provide for three classes of directors on our Board of Directors with members of each class serving staggered three year terms. Our bylaws
provide that directors are elected by a plurality vote and that directors can only be removed for cause upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
issued and outstanding shares entitled to be cast for the election of such directors. Furthermore, our bylaws establish advance notice requirements for
nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by shareholders at shareholder meetings. In addition, the Texas
Business Organization Code restricts, subject to exceptions, business combinations with any “affiliated shareholder.” Any or all of these provisions could delay,
deter or help prevent a takeover of our Company and could limit the price investors are willing to pay for our common stock.
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Our failure to comply with The Nasdaq Global Select Market continued listing standards may adversely affect the price and liquidity of our shares of
common stock as well as our ability to raise capital in the future.
Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. Continued listing of a security on Nasdaq is conditioned upon compliance
with various continued listing standards. There can be no assurance that we will continue to satisfy the requirements for maintaining listing on Nasdaq. If we are
unsuccessful in maintaining compliance with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, then our common stock could be delisted. If our common stock is
delisted and we cannot obtain listing on another major market or exchange, our common stock’s liquidity would suffer, and we would likely experience reduced
investor interest. Such factors may result in a decrease in our common stock’s trading price. Delisting may also restrict us from issuing additional securities or
securing financing.
As of the date of issuance of this report, we were in compliance with the continued listing requirements. However, we cannot assure you that we will be
successful in continuing to meet all requisite continued listing criteria.
We are not required to pay dividends, and our Board of Directors may decide not to declare dividends in the future.
The declaration of dividends on our common stock is solely within the discretion of our Board of Directors, subject to limitations under Texas law
stipulating that dividends may not be paid if payment therefore would cause the corporation to be insolvent or if the amount of the dividend would exceed the
surplus of the corporation. Our Board of Directors may decide not to declare dividends or we could be prevented from declaring a dividend because of legal or
contractual restrictions. The failure to pay dividends could reduce our stock price.
The reduced disclosure requirements applicable to us as a "smaller reporting company" may make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are a "smaller reporting company" as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. As a smaller reporting company we prepare and file SEC forms
similar to other SEC reporting companies; however, the information disclosed may differ and be less comprehensive. If some investors find our common stock
less attractive as a result of less comprehensive information we may disclose pursuant to the exemptions available to us as a smaller reporting company, there
may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile than that of an otherwise comparable company that does not
avail itself of the same or similar exemptions.
Circumstances and conditions may change. Accordingly, additional risks and uncertainties not currently known, or that we currently deem not material,
may also adversely affect our business operations.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Overview
Our cybersecurity program is integrated into our overall risk management systems, including our annual enterprise risk management program, business
continuity and crisis management programs, third-party risk management program, insurance risk management program, and employee compliance programs.
We have implemented and maintain comprehensive processes designed to manage and mitigate material cybersecurity threats to ensure that the company
operates in a protected, compliant environment.
Management Oversight
Our cybersecurity governance program is led by the Senior Director of IT Operations. The Senior Director of IT Operations and members of our
internal IT team are responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture, and processes. Specifically, management
analyzes the following:
a.
b.
effectiveness of (i) the Company’s overall cybersecurity risk management, (ii) management’s procedures for identifying, measuring, and reporting on
cybersecurity risk, and (iii) the incorporation of cybersecurity risk considerations into corporate strategy;
the Company’s cybersecurity risk profile and risk tolerance;
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f.
c.
d.
e.
significant policies, programs and plan documents related to the management of cybersecurity risk and proposed changes to any of such documents;
the Company’s controls to prevent, detect and respond to cyberattacks or information or data breaches;
reports from senior management and/or appropriate external subject matter experts related to the monitoring and analysis of the Company’s current
threat environment, vulnerability assessments related to cybersecurity risk management, and existing and expected future trends related to cybersecurity
relevant to the organization;
the Company’s cyber-resiliency, including cybersecurity crisis preparedness, incident response plans, communication plans, and disaster recovery
capabilities;
the capabilities and qualifications of the Company’s cyber and data privacy personnel; and
the Company’s cybersecurity strategy, related priorities and objectives, and the appropriateness of the resources allocated thereto, including, but not
limited to, investments in cybersecurity infrastructure.
Our Senior Director of IT Operations oversees a team of analysts and operations support personnel and has extensive experience with the company’s
applications and infrastructure. Our senior director reports to our President and Chief Operating Officer, who then communicates directly with the
Nominating/Governance and Compliance Committee and the Board.
g.
h.
Risk Management and Strategy
We recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to maintain the security,
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our business systems and confidential information, including personal information and intellectual property. Our
cybersecurity program includes systems and processes for assessing, identifying and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats and include (i)
maintenance and monitoring of information security policies aligned with global regulatory controls; (ii) user and employee awareness of cyber policies and
practices; (iii) information systems configuration management; (iv) third-party risk management systems; (v) identity and information asset protection; (vi)
infrastructure security systems; and (vii) cyber threat operations with continuous monitoring and threat hunting. This program includes processes to oversee and
identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party service providers. We also engage a range of third-party experts in
connection with various development, implementation, and maintenance activities related to our cybersecurity program. We have integrated cybersecurity risk
into our disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the date of this report, management is not aware of any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially
affect our business, operations, or financial condition. However, we are regularly the target of attempted cyber intrusions, and we anticipate continuing to be
subject to such attempts. Our security programs and measures do not prevent all intrusions. Cyber intrusions require a significant amount of time and effort to
assess and remedy, and our incident response efforts may not be effective in all cases. Although we believe that the probability of occurrence of a significant
cybersecurity incident is less than likely, if such an incident were to occur, the impact on the Company could be substantial. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks
Affecting Our Business and Industry – If our information technology system fails or if the implementation of new information technology systems is not
executed efficiently and effectively, our business, financial position, and operating results could be adversely affected” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Governance
Our Board of Directors engages in the assessment, oversight, and management of materials risks that could affect the company. The board has delegated
to the Nominating/Governance and Compliance Committee the oversight responsibility for our cybersecurity risk management program to ensure that
cybersecurity risks are identified, assessed, managed, and monitored. This oversight includes compliance with disclosure obligations and requirements,
cooperation with law enforcement, and related effects on financial risks and is responsible for reporting its findings and recommendations to the full board for its
consideration. Our IT operations team and other members of management discuss cyber risks and trends, and if they arise, any material incidents with senior
executives and the Nominating/Governance and Compliance Committee.
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Item 2. Properties
We lease property at several locations for our headquarters and distribution facilities, including:
Location
Flower Mound, Texas (corporate headquarters)
St. Leonards, Australia (Australian headquarters)
Minago-Ku Tokyo, Japan (Shinagawa Grand Central Tower)
Yeongnam Tower, Sincheon-dong, (Daegu Center)
Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea (Republic of Korea headquarters)
Gangnam-gu Seoul, Korea (Seoul training center)
Haewoondae-gu, Busan, Korea (Pusan training center)
Incheon, South Korea (Incheon training center)
Taipei, Taiwan (Taiwan headquarters)
Taiwan Bldg 13F Taipei City (Shu-Yeng CHEN)
Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong (office)
Hengqin, Zhuhai, China (office)
Tianhe, Guangzhou, China (office)
Richmond, British Columbia, Canada (Canada training center)
Markham, Ontario, Canada (office)
Bedfordview, South Africa (office)
Guadalajara, Mexico (customer service center)
Mexico City, 1st flr Mexico (customer service center)
Mexico City, 3rd flr Mexico (office)
Monterrey, Mexico (office)
Colima, Mexico (office)
Amsterdam, Netherlands (shared office space)
Bangkok, Thailand
(1)
Renewable monthly.
Area
52,992 sq. feet
1,668 sq. feet
3,497 sq. feet
3,557 sq. feet
10,596 sq. feet
18,441 sq. feet
6,800 sq. feet
7,754 sq. feet
260 sq. feet
93 sq. feet
5,306 sq. feet
930 sq. feet
110 sq. feet
1,963 sq. feet
1,714 sq. feet
4,123 sq. feet
4,187 sq. feet
1,324 sq. feet
1,324 sq. feet
1,259 sq. feet
732 sq. feet
50 sq.feet
192 sq. feet
Expiration date
June 2028
June 2026
April 2025
June 2024
June 2025
June 2025
March 2027
May 2024
January 2024
August 2024
July 2025
September 2024
July 2024
September 2025
September 2024
N/A
March 2024
August 2024
August 2024
May 2024
December 2024
August 2024
March 2025
(1)
To maximize our operating strategy and minimize costs, we contract with third-party distribution and fulfillment facilities in our three regions: (i) the
Americas, (ii) EMEA and (iii) Asia/Pacific. By entering into these third-party distribution facility agreements, our offices maintain flexible operating capacity,
minimize shipping costs, and are able to process an order within 24-hours after order placement and receipt of payment.
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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statement, Litigation, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market for Our Common Stock. On February 12, 1999, we completed our initial public offering. Our common stock is currently trading on Nasdaq under the
symbol “MTEX.”
Holders. As of February 29, 2024, there were 1,063 shareholders of record.
Dividends. The declaration and payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend, among other things, on future
earnings, general financial condition and liquidity, success in business activities, capital requirements and general business conditions in addition to legal
requirements.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. None.
Uses of Proceeds from Registered Securities. None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. None.
Item 6. [Reserved]
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion is intended to assist in the understanding of our consolidated financial position and our results of operations for each of the
two years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. This discussion should be read in conjunction with “Item 15.1 – Consolidated Financial Statements” beginning
on page F-1 of this report and with other financial information included elsewhere in this report. Unless stated otherwise, all financial information presented
below, throughout this report, and in the consolidated financial statements and related notes includes Mannatech and all of our subsidiaries on a consolidated
basis. Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measure section herein for a description of how Constant dollar (“Constant dollar”) growth rate (a Non-GAAP financial
metric) is determined.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
Mannatech is a global wellness solution provider, which was incorporated and began operations in November 1993. We develop and sell innovative,
high quality, proprietary nutritional supplements, skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management products that target optimal health and wellness.
We currently sell our products in three regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii) Europe/the Middle East/Africa (“EMEA”) (Austria,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the
United Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China). We also ship our
products to customers in the following countries: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Poland.
We conduct our business as a single reporting segment and primarily sell our products through a network of approximately 145,000 active associates
and preferred customer positions held by individuals that purchased our products and/or packs or paid associate fees during the last 12 months, who we refer to
as active associates and preferred customers. New pack sales and the receipt of new associate fees in connection with new positions in our network are leading
indicators for the long-term success of our business. New associate or preferred customer positions are created in our network when our associate fees are paid or
products and packs are purchased for the first time under a new account. We review and analyze net sales by geographical location and by products and packs on
a consolidated basis. Each of our subsidiaries sells similar products and exhibits similar economic characteristics, such as selling prices and gross margins.
Because we sell our products principally through network marketing distribution channels, the opportunities and challenges that affect us most are:
recruitment of new and retention of active associates and preferred customers that occupy sales or purchasing positions in our network; entry into new markets
and growth of existing markets; niche market development; new product introduction; and investment in our infrastructure. Our subsidiary in China, Meitai, is
currently operating as a traditional retailer under a cross-border e-commerce model. Meitai cannot legally conduct a direct selling business in China unless it
acquires a direct selling license in China.
Current Economic Conditions and Recent Developments
Consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $132.0 million, as compared to $137.2 million for the year ended December 31,
2022. Net sales decreased $5.2 million, or 3.8%, for 2023, as compared to 2022. Our 2023 net sales declined $2.9 million, or 2.1%, on a Constant dollar basis
(see Non-GAAP Financial Measures, below), and unfavorable foreign exchange caused a $2.3 million decrease in GAAP net sales as compared to 2022.
We incurred an operating loss of $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $0.4 million for the same period last year. Our
2023 operating loss, on a Constant dollar basis (see Non-GAAP Financial Measures, below), was $0.4 million.
In June 2023, the Company launched a tiered affiliate program in the United States under the brand name, “Trulu™.” The Trulu brand is operated by
our wholly owned subsidiary, “NEMO”, and is separate from our network marketing business. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred an operating
loss of $1.1 million in connection with the start-up of our NEMO business.
Excluding the startup loss of NEMO from the consolidated operating loss on a Constant dollar basis, we would have generated an operating profit of
approximately $0.7 million in 2023, as compared to an operating loss of $0.4 million in 2022.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 2023 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022
The tables below summarize our consolidated operating results in dollars and as a percentage of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022 (in thousands, except percentages).
2023
2022
Change
Total
Dollars
% of
net sales
Total
Dollars
% of
net sales
Dollar
Percentage
$
$
131,955
29,090
102,865
53,588
48,613
1,628
103,829
(964)
4
(170)
(1,130)
(1,109)
(2,239)
100.0 % $
22.0 %
78.0 %
137,208
33,060
104,148
100.0 % $
24.1 %
75.9 %
40.6 %
36.8 %
1.2 %
78.7 %
(0.7)%
— %
(0.2) %
(0.9)%
(0.8) %
(1.7)% $
55,483
47,443
1,627
104,553
(405)
88
(162)
(479)
(4,011)
(4,490)
40.4 %
34.6 %
1.2 %
76.2 %
(0.3)%
0.1 %
(0.1) %
(0.3)%
(2.9) %
(3.3)% $
(5,253)
(3,970)
(1,283)
(1,895)
1,170
1
(724)
(559)
(84)
(8)
(651)
2,902
2,251
(3.8)%
(12.0) %
(1.2)%
(3.4) %
2.5 %
0.1 %
(0.7) %
138.0 %
(95.5) %
4.9 %
135.9 %
(72.4) %
50.1 %
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Commissions and incentives
Selling and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Interest income
Other expense, net
Loss before income taxes
Income tax provision
Net loss
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our financial results presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), the table
below summarizes operating results that have been adjusted to exclude the impact of changes due to the translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars,
including changes in: Net Sales, Gross Profit, and Loss from Operations. We refer to these adjusted financial measures as Constant dollar items, which are Non-
GAAP financial measures. We believe these measures provide investors an additional perspective on trends and our operating results. To exclude the impact of
changes due to the translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars in the current year, we calculate current year results at a constant exchange rate utilizing the
prior year’s rate. Currency impact is determined as the difference between the actual GAAP results and the recalculated results for the current year at the
constant dollar rates (in millions, except percentages).
Net sales
Gross profit
Loss from operations
GAAP
Measure:
Total $
$
$
$
132.0 $
102.9 $
(1.0) $
2023
Translation
Adjustment
Non-GAAP
Measure:
Constant $
2022
GAAP
Measure:
Total $
Constant Dollar Change
Dollar
Percent
2.3 $
1.7 $
0.6 $
134.3 $
104.6 $
(0.4) $
137.2 $
104.1 $
(0.4) $
(2.9)
0.5
—
(2.1)%
0.5 %
— %
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Table of Contents
Net Sales in Dollars and as a Percentage of Consolidated Net Sales
Consolidated net sales by region for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in millions, except percentages):
Americas
Asia/Pacific
EMEA
Total
$
$
2023
42.8
79.4
9.8
132.0
32.4 % $
60.2 %
7.4 %
100.0 % $
2022
41.6
83.8
11.8
137.2
30.3 %
61.1 %
8.6 %
100.0 %
Consolidated domestic and foreign net sales for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in millions, except percentages):
Domestic
Foreign
Total
$
$
2023
30.2
101.8
132.0
22.9 % $
77.1 %
100.0 % $
2022
29.8
107.4
137.2
21.7 %
78.3 %
100.0 %
Net sales decreased by $5.2 million, or 3.8%, for 2023, as compared to 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our operations outside of the
Americas accounted for 67.6% of our consolidated net sales, as compared to 69.7% in 2022.
Sales for the Americas increased by $1.2 million, or 2.9%, to $42.8 million for 2023 as compared to $41.6 million for the same period in 2022. This
increase was primarily due to a 4.4% increase in revenue per active independent associate and preferred customer, which was partially offset by a 1.4% decline
in the number of active independent associates and preferred customers. Sales in the Americas includes the Mexico region. As a result of the strengthening of the
Mexican Peso in 2023, foreign currency exchange had the effect of increasing revenue by $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to
the same period in 2022.
During 2023, Asia/Pacific sales decreased by $4.4 million, or 5.3%, to $79.4 million as compared to $83.8 million for 2022. Foreign currency exchange
had the effect of decreasing revenue in 2023 by $1.9 million, as compared to the same period in 2022. The currency impact is primarily due to the weakening of
the Korean Won, Japanese Yen and Australian Dollar. In addition, net sales in the Asia/Pacific region was negatively impacted by a 12.2% decrease in revenue
per active independent associate and preferred customer, which was partially due to the foreign exchange rate. Offsetting these declines, the number of active
independent associates and preferred customers in the Asia/Pacific region increased 7.9% in 2023 as compared to 2022.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, EMEA sales decreased by $2.0 million, or 16.9%, to $9.8 million as compared to $11.8 million for 2022. This
decrease was primarily due to a 14.5% decrease in the number of active independent associates and preferred customers, and a 2.9% decrease in revenue per
active independent associate and preferred customer. Foreign currency exchange had the effect of decreasing revenue by $0.9 million for the year ended
December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The currency impact is primarily due to the weakening of the South African Rand.
Our sales mix for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in millions, except percentages):
Product sales
Pack sales and associate fees
Other
Total
GAAP
Measure:
Total $
$
$
125.3 $
5.6
1.1
132.0 $
2023
Translation
Adjustment
Non-GAAP
Measure:
Constant $
2022
GAAP
Measure:
Total $
Constant Dollar Change
Dollar
Percent
2.2
0.1
—
2.3 $
127.5 $
5.7
1.1
134.3 $
130.2 $
6.2
0.8
137.2 $
(2.7)
(0.5)
0.3
(2.9)
(2.1)%
(8.1)%
37.5 %
(2.1)%
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Table of Contents
Our product sales consist primarily of sales made to our independent associates and preferred customers at published wholesale prices. Product sales for
the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $4.9 million, or 3.8%, to $125.3 million, as compared to $130.2 million for the same period in 2022. On a
constant dollar basis, product sales in 2023 decreased $2.7 million, or 2.1%, as compared to 2022. The decrease in product sales in 2023 reflects a 7.2% decrease
in the number of orders processed, partially offset by an increase in the average order value of $180, as compared to $175 for the same period in 2022.
We attribute the lower number of orders processed in 2023 to the loss of continuing independent associates and preferred customers as compared to the
recruitment of new independent associates and preferred customers. As a group, continuing independent associates and preferred customers place more orders
than new recruits. Therefore, the decline in continuing independent associates and preferred customers had a larger impact on the number of orders we received
in 2023.
The approximate number of active new and continuing active associates and preferred customers who purchased our products or packs or paid associate
fees during the twelve months ended December 31 was as follows:
New
Continuing
Total
2023
79,000
66,000
145,000
54.5 %
45.5 %
100.0 %
2022
75,000
70,000
145,000
51.7 %
48.3 %
100.0 %
The Company collects associate fees in lieu of selling packs in certain markets. Associate fees are paid annually by new and continuing associates to the
Company, which entitle them to earn commissions and incentives for that year. The Company collected associate fees in lieu of pack sales within the United
States, Canada, South Africa, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Germany, the Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
In the Republic of Korea and Mexico, packs may still be purchased by our associates who wish to build a Mannatech business. These packs contain
products that are discounted from both the published retail and associate prices. There are several pack options available to our associates. Pack sales may be
completed during the final stages of the registration process, entitling the Associates to earn commissions and incentives for that year. These packs can provide
new associates with valuable training and promotional materials, as well as products for resale to retail customers, demonstration purposes, and personal
consumption. Business-building associates in these markets can also purchase an upgrade pack, which provides the associate with additional promotional
materials. We also do not collect associate fees or sell packs in our non-direct selling business in mainland China.
Other sales consisted of: (i) sales of promotional materials; (ii) monthly fees collected for the Success Tracker™ and Mannatech+ customized electronic
business-building and educational materials, databases and applications; (iii) training and event registration fees; and (iv) a reserve for estimated sales refunds
and returns. Promotional materials, training, database applications and business management tools are utilized to support our independent associates, which in
turn helps stimulate product sales.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, other sales were $1.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
Gross Profit
For the year ended December 31, 2023, gross profit decreased by $1.3 million, or 1.2%, to $102.9 million, as compared to $104.1 million for the same
period in 2022. The decrease in gross profit in dollar terms is principally due to the decline in sales. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased to 78.0%
for 2023, as compared to 75.9% for 2022, largely due to reduced costs of freight and shipping and other supply chain initiatives, partially offset by certain raw
materials price increases.
Commission and Incentives
Commission expenses decreased $1.5 million, or 2.9%, to $51.0 million, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $52.5 million for the
same period in 2022. Commissions are earned on sales. Commission expense in dollar terms decreased in 2023 primarily due to a decline in our sales in the year.
Commissions as a percentage of net sales was 38.6% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 38.2% for the same period in the prior year.
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Incentive costs decreased for the year ended December 31, 2023 by 13.3%, or $0.4 million, to $2.6 million as compared to $3.0 million for the same
period in 2022. The decrease was related to travel incentives in the Americas and Asia/Pacific. The costs of incentives, as a percentage of net sales, decreased to
2.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to 2.2% for the same period in 2022.
Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling and administrative expenses include a combination of both fixed and variable expenses. These expenses consist of compensation and benefits
for employees, temporary and contract labor and marketing-related expenses, accounting, legal, and consulting fees, travel and entertainment expenses, credit
card processing fees, off-site storage fees, utilities, bad debt, and other miscellaneous operating expenses.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, overall selling and administrative expenses were $48.6 million and $47.4 million, respectively. The
increase of $1.2 million primarily includes $0.9 million increase in legal and consulting fees related to the start-up of our NEMO business, $0.8 million increase
in marketing costs, $0.5 million increase in our provision of bad debt, offset by a $1.0 million decrease in payroll and benefits costs.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
For each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation and amortization expense remained constant at $1.6 million.
Other Expense, net
Primarily due to foreign exchange losses, other expense was $0.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes include current and deferred income taxes for both our domestic and foreign operations. Our statutory income tax rates by
jurisdiction are as follows, for the years ended December 31:
Country
China
Hong Kong
Japan
Republic of Korea
United States
(1)
2023
2022
25.0 %
16.5 %
36.1 %
20.9 %
22.2 %
25.0 %
16.5 %
34.6 %
22.0 %
22.2 %
(1)
Includes blended state effective rate of 1.2% for 2023 and 2022 in addition to the U.S federal statutory rate of 21% and is now taxed at the full.
Income from our international operations is subject to taxation in the countries in which we operate. Although we may receive foreign income tax credits that
would reduce the total amount of income taxes owed in the United States, we may not be able to fully utilize our foreign income tax credits in the United States.
For each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s effective tax rate was (98.1)% and (837.4)%, respectively. In 2023, the
Company’s effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate due to the mix of earnings across jurisdictions and the associated valuation allowances recorded on
losses in certain jurisdictions. In 2022, the Company's effective rate differed from the statutory rate due to additional taxes assessed as a result of the settlement
of the income tax audit in Korea, the Company recording a valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets largely driven by changes in expected earnings mix
between jurisdictions and the relative impact of these items on decreased earnings.
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SEASONALITY
We believe the impact of seasonality on our consolidated results of operations is minimal. We have experienced and believe we will continue to
experience variations on our quarterly results of operations in response to, among other things:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
the timing of the introduction of new products and incentives;
our ability to attract and retain associates and preferred customers;
the timing of our incentives and contests;
the general overall economic outlook;
government regulations;
the perception and acceptance of network marketing;
the consumer perception of our products and overall operations; and
cultural events and vacation patterns (for example, most Asian markets celebrate their respective local New Year in the first quarter, which generally
has a negative effect on that quarter).
As a result of these and other factors, our quarterly results may vary significantly in the future. Period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon
as an indication of future performance since we can give no assurances that revenue trends in new markets, as well as in existing markets, will follow our
historical patterns. The market price of our common stock may also be adversely affected by the above factors.
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Table of Contents
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents was $7.7 million at December 31, 2023, as compared to $13.8 million as of December 31, 2022. The current portion of
restricted cash was $0.9 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company is required to restrict cash for (i) direct selling insurance premiums and credit
card sales in the Republic of Korea; (ii) reserve on credit card sales in the United States and Canada; and (iii) Australia building lease collateral. Fluctuations in
currency rates produced a decrease of $0.8 million in cash and cash equivalents in 2023.
Our principal use of cash is to pay for operating expenses, including commissions and incentives, capital assets, inventory purchases, and periodic cash
dividends. We have historically funded our business objectives, operations, and expansion of our operations through net cash flows from operations rather than
incurring long-term debt.
Working Capital
Working capital represents total current assets less total current liabilities. At December 31, 2023, our working capital was $1.9 million as compared to
$5.1 million at December 31, 2022. The decrease in working capital principally reflects the decrease in our cash balance which was utilized to fund our
operations in 2023, as well as pay down our current liabilities and fund financing activities.
Net Cash Flows
Our net consolidated cash flows consisted of the following, for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
Provided by / (used in):
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Operating Activities
2023
2022
(2.4) $
(0.7) $
(1.9) $
(2.6)
(1.1)
(4.3)
$
$
$
Cash used in operating activities was $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $2.6 million in the prior year.
Investing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we invested $0.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023,
we invested approximately $0.7 million in back-office software projects and equipment, reported as property and equipment. During the year ended
December 31, 2022, we invested $1.1 million in computer hardware and software.
Financing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we utilized $1.9 million for financing activities as compared to $4.3 million for the same period of 2022. For
the year ended December 31, 2023, we used approximately $1.0 million in the repayment of finance lease obligations and other long-term liabilities, $0.7 million
in the payment of dividends to shareholders, and $0.2 million in the repurchase of common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we used
approximately $0.8 million in the repayment of finance lease obligations and other long-term liabilities, $1.5 million in the payment of dividends to
shareholders, and $2.0 million for the repurchase of common stock.
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General Liquidity and Cash Flows
Short Term Liquidity
We believe our existing liquidity and projected cash flows from operations are adequate to fund our normal expected future business operations for the
next 12 months. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash and cash equivalents totaled $7.7 million and $13.8 million, respectively. While our cash utilization in
2022 and 2023 has reduced our short-term liquidity, we do not believe the impact will prohibit us from meeting our obligations or from executing our business
strategy. See “Item 1A – Risk Factors – Risks Affecting Our Business and Industry - We are subject to liquidity risk, which could adversely affect our financial
condition and results of operations.”
We have contractual purchase commitments with certain raw material suppliers to purchase minimum quantities and to ensure exclusivity of our raw
materials and the proprietary nature of our products. At December 31, 2023, we have one supply agreement that requires the Company to purchase an aggregate
of $4.2 million through 2024, with no purchase commitments thereafter. We are currently negotiating with the supplier to amend the agreement to meet current
demand levels for these materials. We also maintain other supply agreements and manufacturing agreements to protect our products, regulate product costs, and
help ensure quality control standards. These agreements do not require us to purchase any minimum quantities. We have no present commitments or agreements
with respect to acquisitions or purchases of any manufacturing facilities; however, management from time to time explores the possibility of the benefits of
purchasing a raw material manufacturing facility to help control costs of our raw materials and help ensure quality control standards.
We have operating lease liabilities for the property and equipment we use in our business operations. These operating lease liabilities represent our
minimum future payment obligations on operating leases, including imputed interest. At December 31, 2023, our operating lease liabilities were $4.3 million, of
which $1.7 million was recorded in Accrued expenses and $2.6 million was recorded in Other long-term liabilities. We also have finance lease liabilities of
$1.2 million and lease restoration liabilities of $0.4 million.
As our primary source of liquidity has historically been our cash flows from operations, our liquidity is dependent on our ability to maintain and/or
continue to improve revenue as compared to our operational expenses. In this regard, our management has established a 2024 business reorganization plan
focusing on revenue growth, margin improvement and cost control and reduction. Our current CEO has announced his retirement effective April 1, 2024.
However, he has agreed to continue to serve as an advisor to the Company to establish certain programs aimed at increasing our revenues and growing our
preferred customer and associate base. Concurrent with the retirement of our existing CEO, our current President and Chief Operating Officer has been promoted
to the position of President & CEO. Furthermore, our management has established a plan to improve margin through a price increase, continued focus on supply
chain costs, and certain compensation plan adjustments, as well as to reorganize certain functional operations and reduce our fixed selling and administrative
overhead.
However, if our reorganization plans are not successful, or if we are unable to renegotiate a favorable outcome to our minimum purchase commitment
contracts, or if we experience prolonged workforce disruptions, disruption in our supply chain, and/or potential decreases in consumer demands, our sales and
our overall liquidity in the next twelve months could be negatively impacted. If our existing capital resources or cash flows become insufficient to meet current
business plans, projections, and existing capital requirements, we may be required to raise additional funds, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at
all.
We are a multinational company operating in numerous tax jurisdictions. We are currently not engaged in any tax related audits. For more information
see Note 1, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Note 7, Income Taxes, Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, and Note 12,
Litigation to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Long Term Liquidity
We believe our cash flows from operations should be adequate to fund our normal expected future business operations and possible international
expansion costs for the long term. As our primary source of liquidity has historically been from our cash flows from operations, this will be dependent on our
ability to maintain and/or improve revenue as compared to operational expenses.
However, if our existing capital resources or cash flows become insufficient to meet anticipated business plans and existing capital requirements, we
may be required to raise additional funds, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.
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Our future access to the capital markets may be adversely impacted if we fail to maintain compliance with the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules for the
continued listing of our stock. We continuously monitor our compliance with the Nasdaq continued listing rules.
MARKET RISKS
Please see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk” under Item 7A of this Form 10-K for additional information about our Market
Risks.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The application of GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions
that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of
operations of Mannatech at the date of our financial statements. We use estimates throughout our financial statements, which are influenced by management’s
judgment and uncertainties. Our estimates are based on historical trends, industry standards, and various other assumptions that we believe are applicable and
reasonable under the circumstances at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Our Audit Committee reviews our critical accounting policies
and estimates. We continually evaluate and review our policies related to the portrayal of our consolidated financial position and consolidated results of
operations that require the application of significant judgment by our management. We also analyze the need for certain estimates, including the need for such
items as allowance for credit losses, inventory reserves, tax valuation allowances, revenue recognition, sales returns, deferred revenues, and accounting for
stock-based compensation. Historically, actual results have not materially deviated from our estimates. However, we caution readers that actual results could
differ from our estimates and assumptions applied in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. If circumstances change relating to the various
assumptions or conditions used in our estimates, we could experience an adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. We have
identified the following applicable critical estimates as of December 31, 2023:
Inventory Reserves
Inventory consists of raw materials, finished goods, and promotional materials that are stated at the lower of cost (using standard costs that approximate
average costs) or net realizable value. We record the amounts charged by the vendors as the costs of inventory. Typically, the net realizable value of our
inventory is higher than the aggregate cost. Determination of net realizable value can be complex and, therefore, requires a high degree of judgment. In order for
management to make the appropriate determination of net realizable value, the following items are considered: inventory turnover statistics, current selling
prices, seasonality factors, consumer demand, regulatory changes, competitive pricing, and performance of similar products. If we determine the carrying value
of inventory is in excess of estimated net realizable value, we write down the value of inventory to the estimated net realizable value.
We also review inventory for obsolescence in a similar manner and any inventory identified as obsolete is reserved or written off. Our determination of
obsolescence is based on assumptions about the demand for our products, product expiration dates, estimated future sales, and general future plans. We monitor
actual sales compared to original projections, and if actual sales are less favorable than those originally projected by us, we record an additional inventory
reserve or write-down. Historically, our estimates have been close to our actual reported amounts. However, if our estimates regarding inventory obsolescence
are inaccurate or consumer demand for our products changes in an unforeseen manner, we may be exposed to additional material losses or gains in excess of our
established estimated inventory reserves. At each of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our inventory reserves were $0.4 million.
Tax Valuation Allowances
We review the estimates and assumptions used in evaluating the probability of realizing the future benefits of our deferred tax assets and record a
valuation allowance when we believe that a portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. If we are unable to realize the expected future benefits of
our deferred tax assets, we are required to provide a valuation allowance. We use our past history and experience, overall profitability, future management plans,
and current economic information to evaluate the amount of valuation allowance to record. As of December 31, 2023, we maintained a valuation allowance for
deferred tax assets arising from our operations of $10.3 million because they did not meet the “more likely than not” criteria as defined by the recognition and
measurement provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we had net deferred tax assets, after valuation allowance
and deferred tax liabilities, totaling $1.6 million, which may not be realized if our assumptions and estimates change, which would affect our effective income
tax rate and cash flows in the period of discovery or resolution.
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Transfer Pricing
In many countries, including the U.S., we are subject to transfer pricing and other tax regulations designed to ensure that appropriate levels of income
are reported as earned by our U.S. and foreign entities and are taxed accordingly. In the normal course of business, we are audited by federal, state and foreign
tax authorities, and subject to inquiries from those tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These inquiries may relate to the timing and amount of
deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. We believe that our tax positions comply with applicable tax law and intend to defend
our positions, if necessary. Our effective tax rate in each financial statement period could be impacted if we prevailed in matters for which reserves have been
established, or were required to pay amounts more than established reserves.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue is derived from sales of individual products and associate fees or, in certain geographic markets, starter packs. Substantially all of our
product and pack sales are to associates and preferred customers at published wholesale prices. We record revenue net of any sales taxes and record a reserve for
expected sales returns based on historical experience. We recognize revenue from shipped packs and products upon receipt by the customer. We estimate order
delivery dates using weighted averages of historical delivery data periodically provided by our freight carriers. We record the value of orders shipped but not yet
delivered to customers as Deferred Revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. If our assumptions and estimate of the delivery time from shipment to receipt
by the customer changes, the new estimate could have a material impact on our revenues and financial results of operations.
Orders placed by associates or preferred customers constitute our contracts. Product sales placed in the form of an automatic order contain two
performance obligations: (a) the sale of the product and (b) the loyalty program. The Company's customer loyalty program conveys a material right to the
customer to redeem loyalty points for the purchase of products. For these contracts, the Company accounts for each of these obligations separately as they are
each distinct. The transaction price is allocated between the product sale and the loyalty program on a relative standalone selling price basis. Sales placed
through a one-time order contain only the first performance obligation noted above - the sale of the product.
The Company provides associates with access to a complimentary three-month package for the Success TrackerTM and Mannatech+ online business
tools with the first payment of an associate fee. The first payment of an associate fee contains three performance obligations: (a) the associate fee, whereby the
Company provides an associate with the right to earn commissions, bonuses and incentives for a year, (b) three months of complimentary access to utilize the
Success Tracker™ online tool and (c) three months of complimentary access to utilize the Mannatech+ online business tool. The transaction price is allocated
between the three performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis and revenue is recognized over the period that access to the tool is active.
Associates do not have complimentary access to online business tools after the first contractual period.
With regard to both of the aforementioned contracts, the Company determines the standalone selling prices by using observable inputs which includes
the Company’s standard published price lists.
Product Return Policy
We stand behind our products and believe we offer a reasonable and industry-standard product return policy to all of our customers. We do not resell
returned products. Refunds are not processed until proper approval is obtained. Refunds are processed and returned in the same form of payment that was
originally used in the sale. Each country in which we operate has specific product return guidelines. However, we allow our associates and preferred customers
to exchange products as long as the products are unopened and in good condition. Our return policies for our retail customers and our associates and preferred
customers are as follows:
•
Retail Customer Product Return Policy. This policy allows a retail customer to return any of our products to the original associate who sold the
product and receive a full cash refund from the associate for the first 180 days following the product’s purchase if located in the United States and
Canada, and for the first 90 days following the product’s purchase in other countries where we sell our products. The associate may return or
exchange the product based on the associate product return policy. In China, where we sell our products under a cross-border e-commerce model, we
have a 14-day return policy.
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•
Associate and Preferred Customer Product Return Policy. This policy allows the associate or preferred customer to return an order within one year
of the purchase date upon voluntarily terminating his/her account. If an associate or preferred customer returns a product unopened and in good
condition, he/she may receive a full refund minus a 10% processing fee. We may also allow the associate or preferred customer to receive a full
satisfaction guarantee refund if they have tried the product and are not satisfied for any reason, excluding promotional materials. This satisfaction
guarantee refund applies in the United States and Canada, only for the first 180 days following the product’s purchase and applies in other countries
where we sell our products for the first 90 days following the product’s purchase; however, any commissions earned by an associate will be deducted
from the refund. If we discover abuse of the refund policy, we may terminate the associate's or preferred customer's account.
The Company utilizes the expected value method, as set forth by ASC Topic 606, to estimate the sales returns and allowance liability by taking the
weighted average of the sales return rates over a rolling six-month period. The Company allocates the total amount recorded within the sales return and
allowance liability as a reduction of the overall transaction price for the Company’s product sales. The Company deems the sales refund and allowance liability
to be a variable consideration. The method for estimating the sales returns and allowance liability has remained consistent as a result of adopting ASC Topic 606.
52
Table of Contents
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We do not engage in trading market risk sensitive instruments and do not purchase investments as hedges or for purposes “other than trading” that are
likely to expose us to certain types of market risk, including interest rate, commodity price, or equity price risk. Although we have investments, we believe there
has been no material change in our exposure to interest rate risk. We have not issued any debt instruments, entered into any forward or futures contracts,
purchased any options, or entered into any swap agreements.
We are exposed, however, to other market risks, including changes in currency exchange rates as measured against the United States dollar. Because the
change in value of the United States dollar measured against foreign currency may affect our consolidated financial results, changes in foreign currency
exchange rates could positively or negatively affect our results as expressed in United States dollars. For example, when the United States dollar strengthens
against foreign currencies in which our products are sold or weakens against foreign currencies in which we may incur costs, our consolidated net sales or related
costs and expenses could be adversely affected. We translate our revenues and expenses in foreign markets using an average rate. We believe inflation has not
had a material impact on our consolidated operations or profitability.
We maintain policies, procedures, and internal processes in an effort to help monitor any significant market risks and we do not use any financial
instruments to manage our exposure to such risks. We assess the anticipated foreign currency working capital requirements of our foreign operations and
maintain a portion of our cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currencies sufficient to satisfy most of these anticipated requirements.
We caution that we cannot predict with any certainty our future exposure to such currency exchange rate fluctuations or the impact, if any, such
fluctuations may have on our future business, product pricing, operating expenses, and on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash
flows. However, to combat such market risk, we closely monitor our exposure to currency fluctuations. The regions and countries in which we currently have
exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk include (i) North America/South America (Canada, Colombia and Mexico); (ii) EMEA (Austria, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China). The current (spot) rate,
average currency exchange rates, and the low and high of such currency exchange rates as compared to the United States dollar, for each of these countries as of
and for the year ended December 31, 2023 were as follows:
Country (foreign currency name)
Australia (Australian Dollar)
Canada (Canadian Dollar)
China (Renminbi)
Colombia (Peso)
Czech Republic (Koruna)
Denmark (Kroner)
Hong Kong (Hong Kong Dollar)
Japan (Yen)
Mexico (Peso)
New Zealand (New Zealand Dollar)
Norway (Krone)
Republic of Korea (Won)
Singapore (Singapore Dollar)
South Africa (Rand)
Sweden (Krona)
Switzerland (Franc)
Taiwan (New Taiwan Dollar)
Thailand (Dollar)
United Kingdom (British Pound)
Various countries
(Euro)
(1)
(1) Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Estonia, Finland, the Republic of Ireland and Spain
53
Year ended December 31, 2023
High
Average
Low
As of December
31, 2023
Spot
0.62970
0.72082
0.13623
0.00020
0.04258
0.14041
0.12739
0.00659
0.05134
0.58055
0.08911
0.00074
0.72789
0.05064
0.08938
1.06165
0.03082
0.02698
1.18342
1.04717
0.71173
0.76071
0.14921
0.00026
0.04735
0.15087
0.12837
0.00782
0.05996
0.65089
0.10181
0.00082
0.76520
0.05957
0.10053
1.19050
0.03367
0.03063
1.31132
1.12401
0.66457
0.74118
0.14149
0.00023
0.04509
0.14517
0.12774
0.00714
0.05646
0.61435
0.09484
0.00077
0.74487
0.05431
0.09434
1.11343
0.03213
0.02879
1.24378
1.08158
0.68183
0.75491
0.14145
0.00026
0.04470
0.14808
0.12807
0.00709
0.05895
0.63207
0.09831
0.00077
0.75805
0.05470
0.09922
1.18866
0.03278
0.02912
1.27324
1.10381
Table of Contents
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Our Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data required by this Item 8 are set forth in Item 15 of this report.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and our Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief
Financial Officer (principal financial officer), have concluded, based on their evaluation as of December 31, 2023, that our disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d – 15(e) under the Exchange Act) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed
or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and
include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our
management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over our financial reporting that we believe materially
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a – 13(f) or
Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America. Internal control over financial reporting includes: maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions; providing
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of our consolidated financial statements; providing reasonable assurance that
receipts and expenditures of company assets are made in accordance with management authorization; and providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized
acquisition, use or disposition of company assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements would be prevented or detected on a
timely basis. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our
consolidated financial statements would be prevented or detected.
Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control —
Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013). Based on this evaluation, management
concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.
54
Table of Contents
Item 9B. Other Information
During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a
“Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
None.
PART III
Documents Incorporated by Reference
The information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our
annual meeting to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule
(a) Documents filed as a part of the report:
1. Consolidated Financial Statements
The following financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are filed as a part of this report on the pages
indicated:
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm: BDO USA, P.C.; Dallas, Texas; PCAOB ID#243
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-1
F-2
F-4
F-5
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-9
2. Financial Statement Schedule
The financial statement schedule required by this item is included as an Exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
3. Exhibit List
See Index to Exhibits following Item 16 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not Applicable.
55
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Description
Form
File No.
Exhibit (s)
Filing Date
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.1
4.2
10.1†
10.2†
10.3†
10.4†
10.5†
10.6†
10.7†
10.8†
10.9†
10.10†
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
14.1*
19.1*
21*
23.1*
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Mannatech,
dated May 19, 1998.
Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
of Mannatech, dated January 13, 2012.
Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Mannatech, effective August
25, 2014.
Specimen Certificate representing Mannatech’s common stock, par
value $0.0001 per share.
Description of Securities
Mannatech, Incorporated 2017 Stock Incentive Plan
First Amendment to Mannatech, Incorporated 2017 Stock Incentive
Plan
Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement
Form of Stock Option Award Agreement
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement
Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Award Agreement
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement
Form of Performance Stock Award Agreement
Amended and Restated 1998 Incentive Stock Option Plan, dated
August 7, 2004.
Amended and Restated 2000 Option Plan, dated August 7, 2004.
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Mannatech and each
member of the Board of Directors of Mannatech Korea, Ltd., dated
March 3, 2004.
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Mannatech and each
of the following directors: J. Stanley Fredrick, Patricia Wier, Alan D.
Kennedy, Gerald E. Gilbert, Marlin Ray Robbins, Larry A. Jobe, and
Robert A. Toth.
Commercial Lease Agreement between Mannatech and SCG
Lakeside Commerce Center, L.P., dated October 18, 2017.
Employment Agreement between Alfredo Bala and Mannatech,
effective October 1, 2007, dated September 18, 2007.
Executive Service Agreement between Mannatech Korea, Ltd. and
Yong Jae (Patrick) Park, dated October 1, 2009.
Supply Agreement between Natural Aloe de Costa Rica, S.A. and
Mannatech, dated as of November 22, 2016 (portions of this exhibit
were omitted pursuant to a confidential treatment request submitted
pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Exchange Act)
Code of Ethics for Officers
Insider Trading Disclosures
List of Subsidiaries.
Consent of BDO USA, P.C.
56
S-1
8-K
8-K
S-1
10-K
S-8
10-Q
10-Q
10-Q
10-Q
10-Q
10-Q
10-Q
10-K
10-K
10-Q
333-63133
000-24657
000-24657
333-63133
000-24657
333-233418
000-24657
000-24657
000-24657
000-24657
000-24657
000-24657
000-24657
000-24657
000-24657
000-24657
3.1
3.1
3.1
4.1
4.2
4.1
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.1
10.1
10.2
October 28, 1998
January 17, 2012
August 27, 2014
October 28, 1998
March 26, 2020
August 22, 2019
August 7, 2019
August 8, 2017
August 8, 2017
August 8, 2017
August 8, 2017
August 8, 2017
August 8, 2017
March 15, 2004
March 15, 2004
August 9, 2004
10-Q
000-24657
10.4
November 4, 2010
10-K
8-K
000-24657
10.12
March 26, 2018
000-24657
10-Q
000-24657
10.1
10.1
September 24, 2007
May 12, 2015
10-K
00-24657
10.61
March 14, 2017
10-K
10-K
*
*
00-24657
00-24657
*
*
14.1
19.1
*
*
March 28, 2024
March 28, 2024
*
*
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
24*
31.1*
31.2*
32.1*
32.2*
97.1*
99.1*
101.INS*
101.SCH*
101.CAL*
101.LAB*
101.PRE*
101.DEF*
Exhibit Description
Form
File No.
Exhibit (s)
Filing Date
Incorporated by Reference
Power of Attorney, which is included on the signature page of this
annual report on Form 10-K.
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, of the Chief Executive Officer of Mannatech.
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, of the Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial
Officer of Mannatech.
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, of the Chief Executive Officer of Mannatech.
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, of the Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial
Officer of Mannatech.
Mandatory Recoupment Policy
Financial Statement Schedule Regarding Valuation and Qualifying
Accounts.
XBRL Instance Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* Filed herewith.
† Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.
57
Table of Contents
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SIGNATURES
Dated: March 28, 2024
Dated: March 28, 2024
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED
/s/ Alfredo Bala
Alfredo Bala
Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
/s/ Landen Fredrick
Landen Fredrick
Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer)
By:
By:
58
Table of Contents
POWER OF ATTORNEY
The undersigned directors and officers of Mannatech, Incorporated hereby constitute and appoint Larry A. Jobe with the power to act without the other
and with full power of substitution and resubstitution, our true and lawful attorneys-in fact and agents with full power to execute in our name and behalf in the
capacities indicated below any and all amendments to this report and to file the same, with all exhibits and other documents relating thereto and hereby ratify and
confirm all that such attorneys-in-fact, or either of them, or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant
and in the capacities indicated:
Signature
/s/ Alfredo Bala
Alfredo Bala
/s/ Landen Fredrick
Landen Fredrick
/s/ J. Stanley Fredrick
J. Stanley Fredrick
/s/ Kevin Andrew Robbins
Kevin Andrew Robbins
/s/ Larry A. Jobe
Larry A. Jobe
/s/ Tyler Rameson
Tyler Rameson
/s/ John A. Seifrick
John A. Seifrick
Title
Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
President and Chief Operating Officer and Interim
Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer)
Chairman of the Board
Director
Director
Director
Director
59
Date
March 28, 2024
March 28, 2024
March 28, 2024
March 28, 2024
March 28, 2024
March 28, 2024
March 28, 2024
Table of Contents
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-1
Page
F-2
F-4
F-5
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-9
Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders and Board of Directors
Mannatech, Incorporated
Flower Mound, Texas
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related
consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended and the related notes and
financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion,
the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules
and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding
of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud,
and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in
the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well
as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or
required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and
(2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on
the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the
critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of the Company’s Determination of Transfer Pricing Policies
As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company is subject to transfer pricing tax regulations designed to ensure the appropriate
allocation of income between the U.S. and foreign entities and that the Company is taxed accordingly. As disclosed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial
statements, the Company’s loss before income taxes of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 comprised of a loss before income taxes of $5.4
million in the United States and income before income taxes of $4.3 million outside of the United States. This is a function of the Company’s transfer pricing
policies, which govern the allocation of taxable income among the Company’s various tax jurisdictions.
We identified the Company’s determination of transfer pricing policies as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for our determination was that the
tax regulations that exist over transfer pricing are subjective and vary by jurisdiction. Auditing management’s transfer pricing studies and transfer pricing
policies was especially challenging and required significant auditor judgement, including the involvement of tax professionals with specialized knowledge and
skill.
F-2
Table of Contents
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
• Utilizing personnel with specialized knowledge and skill in transfer pricing regulations to assist in evaluating (i) the Company’s transfer pricing
policies, which is based on comparisons to comparable companies and precedents set by the various taxing authorities that govern the jurisdictions in
which the Company operates, and (ii) jurisdictional profit margins to ensure that the Company’s intercompany transactions and other income allocation
methodologies are appropriate and comply with the Company’s transfer pricing policies.
/s/ BDO USA, P.C.
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007.
Dallas, Texas
March 28, 2024
F-3
Table of Contents
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share information)
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,278 and $973 in 2023 and 2022, respectively
Income tax receivable
Inventories, net
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Deferred commissions
Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Long-term restricted cash
Other assets
Deferred tax assets, net
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current portion of finance leases
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Commissions and incentives payable
Taxes payable
Current notes payable
Deferred revenue
Total current liabilities
Finance leases, excluding current portion
Other long-term liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 99,000,000 shares authorized, 2,742,857 shares issued and 1,860,154 shares
outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2,742,857 shares issued and 1,858,800 shares outstanding as of
December 31, 2022
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)
Treasury stock, at average cost, 882,703 shares as of December 31, 2023 and 884,057 shares as of December 31,
2022
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
$
$
$
$
7,731 $
938
91
465
14,535
1,774
2,130
27,664
4,147
718
7,066
1,611
41,206 $
269 $
4,010
6,779
8,175
1,521
240
4,786
25,780
956
3,986
30,722
13,777
944
218
423
14,726
2,389
2,476
34,953
3,759
476
8,439
1,501
49,128
61
4,361
7,510
9,256
3,281
263
5,106
29,838
88
5,026
34,952
—
—
—
33,309
(1,301)
(1,015)
(20,509)
10,484
41,206 $
—
33,377
1,686
(208)
(20,679)
14,176
49,128
Table of Contents
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share information)
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Commissions and incentives
Selling and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Interest income
Other expense, net
Loss before income taxes
Income tax provision
Net loss
(Loss) per common share:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net loss
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translations loss
Pension obligations, net of tax provision of $6 and $10 in 2023 and 2022, respectively
Other comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
For the years ended December
31,
2023
2022
131,955 $
29,090
102,865
53,588
48,613
1,628
103,829
(964)
4
(170)
(1,130)
(1,109)
(2,239) $
(1.20) $
(1.20) $
1,866
1,866
137,208
33,060
104,148
55,483
47,443
1,627
104,553
(405)
88
(162)
(479)
(4,011)
(4,490)
(2.35)
(2.35)
1,913
1,913
2023
2022
(2,239) $
(4,490)
(819)
12
(807) $
(3,046) $
(2,546)
19
(2,527)
(7,017)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Table of Contents
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
Common Stock, $0.0001
par value
Balance at December 31, 2021
Net loss
Payment of cash dividends
Charge related to stock-based compensation
Issuance of unrestricted shares
Stock option exercises (cashless)
Repurchase of common stock
Disposition of foreign entity
Foreign currency translation
Pension obligations, net of $10 tax
Balance at December 31, 2022
Net loss
Payment of cash dividends
Charge related to stock-based compensation
Issuance of unrestricted shares
Stock option exercises
Repurchase of common stock
Foreign currency translation
Pension obligations, net of $6 tax
Balance at December 31, 2023
Number of
Shares
1,940,687 $
—
—
—
6,072
11,334
(99,293)
—
—
—
1,858,800 $
—
—
—
12,808
2,000
(13,454)
—
—
1,860,154 $
Additional
paid in
capital
Retained
earnings
(accumulated
deficit)
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Amount
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $
33,277 $
—
—
78
97
(75)
—
—
—
—
33,377 $
—
—
43
(76)
(35)
—
—
—
33,309 $
7,708 $
(4,490)
(1,532)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,686 $
(2,239)
(748)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1,301) $
2,342 $
—
—
—
—
—
—
(23)
(2,546)
19
(208) $
—
—
—
—
—
—
(819)
12
(1,015) $
Treasury
stock
(18,915) $
—
—
—
143
75
(1,982)
—
—
—
(20,679) $
—
—
—
299
47
(176)
—
—
(20,509) $
Total
shareholders’
equity
24,412
(4,490)
(1,532)
78
240
—
(1,982)
(23)
(2,546)
19
14,176
(2,239)
(748)
43
223
12
(176)
(819)
12
10,484
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
Table of Contents
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
Non-cash operating lease expense
Provision for inventory losses
(Recovery of) Provision for doubtful accounts
Loss on disposal of assets
Gain on disposal of subsidiary
Stock-based compensation expense
Deferred income taxes
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Income tax receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Deferred commissions
Other assets
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities
Taxes payable
Commissions and incentives payable
Deferred revenue
Net cash used in operating activities
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisition of property and equipment
Proceeds from sale of assets
Cash used in investing activities
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from stock options exercised
Repurchase of common stock
Payment of cash dividends
Repayment of finance lease obligations and other financing obligations
Cash used in financing activities
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
For the years ended December
31,
2023
2022
$
(2,239) $
(4,490)
1,628
1,904
463
519
7
—
278
121
(391)
(42)
(272)
1,354
346
(226)
(351)
(2,308)
(1,760)
(1,081)
(320)
(2,370)
(748)
1
(747)
12
(176)
(748)
(991)
(1,903)
(790)
(5,810)
15,197
$
9,387 $
1,627
1,868
543
(26)
3
(23)
337
1,226
(102)
(81)
(3,249)
1,296
(107)
768
392
(3,592)
1,127
(355)
239
(2,599)
(1,063)
—
(1,063)
—
(1,982)
(1,532)
(817)
(4,331)
(2,442)
(10,435)
25,632
15,197
Table of Contents
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Income taxes paid, net
Interest paid on finance leases and other financing obligations
Assets acquired through other financing arrangements
Right of use assets acquired in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
Finance lease right of use assets acquired in exchange for new finance lease liabilities
Treasury shares exchanged for stock options exercised
For the years ended December
31,
2023
2022
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,551
100
739
305
1,305
—
$
$
$
$
$
$
715
32
798
1,855
93
75
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-8
Table of Contents
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1: ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Mannatech, Incorporated (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), located in Flower Mound, Texas, was incorporated in the state of Texas on
November 4, 1993, and is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MTEX”. The Company develops, markets, and sells high-quality,
proprietary nutritional supplements, topical and skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management products. We currently sell our products into three
regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii) EMEA (Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic
of Ireland, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the
Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China).
Active business building associates ("independent associates" or "associates" or "distributors") and preferred customers purchase the Company’s
products at published wholesale prices. The Company cannot distinguish products sold for personal use from other sales, when sold to associates, because it is
not involved with the products after delivery, other than usual and customary product warranties and returns. Only associates are eligible to earn commissions
and incentives. We also ship our products to customers in the following countries: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Poland. The Company
operates a non-direct selling business in mainland China. Our subsidiary in China, Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd. (“Meitai”), is operating as
a traditional retailer under a cross-border e-commerce model in China. Meitai cannot legally conduct a direct selling business in China unless it acquires a direct
selling license in China.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements and footnotes include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances
and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of
estimates that affect the reported value of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other factors.
The Company continually evaluates the information used to make these estimates as the business and economic environment changes. Historically, actual results
have not varied materially from the Company’s estimates and the Company does not currently anticipate a significant change in its assumptions related to these
estimates. However, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The use of estimates is pervasive throughout the consolidated financial statements, but the accounting policies and estimates considered the most
significant are described in this note to the consolidated financial statements, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Basis of Presentation
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified on the Consolidated Statements of Operations to conform to the current year presentation. These
reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported results of operations.
Foreign Currency Translation
The United States dollar is the functional currency for the majority of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. As a result, non-monetary assets and
liabilities are translated at their approximate historical rates, monetary assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the end of the year, and
revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the year. The local currency is the functional currency of our subsidiaries in Japan,
Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Mexico and China. These subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars at
exchange rates existing at the balance sheet dates, revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates, and shareholders’ equity and
intercompany balances are translated at historical exchange rates. The foreign currency translation adjustment is recorded as a component of shareholders’ equity
and is included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Foreign currency transaction losses totaled approximately $0.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are
included in other expense, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
F-9
Table of Contents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents
was $7.7 million at December 31, 2023, as compared to $13.8 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company includes in its cash and cash equivalents credit
card receivables due from its credit card processor, as the cash proceeds from credit card receivables are received within 24 to 72 hours. As of December 31,
2023 and 2022, credit card receivables were $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and cash and cash equivalents held in bank accounts in foreign countries
totaled $3.5 million and $11.3 million, respectively. The Company invests cash in liquid instruments, such as money market funds and interest-bearing deposits.
The Company also holds cash in high quality financial institutions and does not believe it has an excessive exposure to credit concentration risk.
At December 31, 2023, a portion of our cash and cash equivalent balances were concentrated within the Republic of South Korea, with total net assets within
this foreign location totaling $27.0 million. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2023, a concentrated portion of our operating cash flows were earned
from operations within the Republic of South Korea. An adverse change in economic conditions within the Republic of South Korea could negatively affect the
Company’s results of operations.
Restricted Cash
The Company is required to restrict cash for: (i) direct selling insurance premiums and credit card sales in the Republic of Korea; (ii) reserve on credit
card sales in the United States and Canada; and (iii) Australia building lease collateral. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our total restricted cash was $1.7
million and $1.4 million, respectively. The Company classifies the restricted cash held in Korea and Australia as long-term since it relates to assets and services
contracted for longer than one year.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Company's consolidated balance
sheets to the total amount presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Current restricted cash at beginning of year
Long-term restricted cash at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Current restricted cash at end of year
Long-term restricted cash at end of year
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year
December 31, 2023
13,777 $
944
476
15,197 $
7,731 $
938
718
9,387 $
$
$
$
$
December 31, 2022
24,185
944
503
25,632
13,777
944
476
15,197
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are carried at their estimated collectible amounts. Accounts receivables are created upon shipment of an order if the credit card
payment is rejected or does not match the order total. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, accounts receivables consisted primarily of amounts due from
preferred customers and associates. At December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company's accounts receivable balances (net of allowance) were $0.1 million,
$0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), the Company assesses collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar
characteristics exist and on an individual basis when the Company identifies specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. Expected loss
estimates are determined utilizing an aging schedule. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical
collectability based on past due status and makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluations. The Company also
considers customer-specific information, current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to inform
adjustments to historical loss data. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company held an allowance of $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
F-10
Table of Contents
Balance at Beginning of
Year
Charged to Expenses Deductions
Balance at End of Year
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Allowance for doubtful accounts (000s)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses (000s)
$
$
Inventories
987 $
(26) $
12 $
973
973 $
519 $
(214) $
1,278
Inventories consist of raw materials, finished goods, and promotional materials that are stated at the lower of cost (using standard costs that approximate
average costs) or net realizable value. The Company periodically reviews inventories for obsolescence and any inventories identified as obsolete are reserved or
written off.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets were $1.8 million and $2.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Included in the
December 31, 2023 and 2022 balances were $1.1 million and $1.2 million in prepaid expenses, $0.3 million and $0.9 million for prepaid deposits, and $0.4
million and $0.3 million in prepaid inventory purchases, respectively.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization computed using the straight-line method over the estimated
useful life of each asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements. Expenditures
for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The cost of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired and the related accumulated
depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The estimated
useful lives of fixed assets are as follows:
Office furniture and equipment
Computer hardware and software
Automobiles
Leasehold improvements
Estimated useful life
5 to 7 years
3 to 5 years
3 to 5 years
2 to 10 years
Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of an asset or
group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review includes a comparison of future projected cash flows generated by the asset or group of assets
with its associated net carrying value. If the net carrying value of the asset or group of assets exceeds expected cash flows (undiscounted and without interest
charges), an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.
Other Assets
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, other assets were $7.1 million and $8.4 million, respectively. The December 31, 2023 and 2022 balances include
operating lease right of use assets of $3.3 million and $4.6 million, respectively. See Note 5, Leases for more information. Included in each of the December 31,
2023 and 2022 balances were deposits for building leases in various locations of $1.3 million. Also included in the December 31, 2023 and 2022 balances were
$2.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively, representing a deposit with Mutual Aid Cooperative and Consumer in the Republic of Korea, an organization
established by the Republic of Korea’s Fair Trade Commission’s approval to compensate and protect consumers who participate in network marketing activities
®
from damages. Other assets at each of December 31, 2023 and 2022 also include $0.2 million of indefinite lived intangible assets relating to the Manapol
powder trademark.
F-11
Table of Contents
Notes Payable
Notes payable were $0.2 million and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, as a result of funding from a capital
financing agreement related to our investment in leasehold improvements, computer hardware and software and other financing arrangements. Payments are
made monthly according to the terms of the agreements which have a weighted average effective interest rate of 10.8% and are collateralized by leasehold
improvements and computer hardware and software. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the current portion was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
Other Long-Term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities were $4.0 million and $5.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we
recorded long-term lease liabilities related to operating leases of $2.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively. See Note 5, Leases for more information. Certain
operating leases for the Company’s regional office facilities contain a restoration clause that requires the Company to restore the premises to its original
condition. At December 31, 2023, accrued restoration costs related to these leases amounted to $0.4 million. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, government
mandated severance accruals in certain international offices amounted to $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The Company also recorded a long-term
liability for an estimated defined benefit obligation related to a non-U.S. defined benefit plan for its Japan operations of $0.2 million at each of December 31,
2023 and 2022 (see Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans).
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenue is derived from sales of individual products and associate fees or, in certain geographic markets, starter packs. Substantially all
of the Company’s product sales are made at published wholesale prices to associates and preferred customers. The Company records revenue net of any sales
taxes and records a reserve for expected sales returns based on its historical experience. The Company recognizes revenue from shipped products when delivered
to the customer, thus the performance obligation is satisfied. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, remaining performance obligations related to shipments were $1.4
million and $0.8 million, respectively. The Company's remaining performance obligations related to associate fees were $0.1 million at both December 31, 2023
and 2022. These amounts are included in Deferred Revenue as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Orders placed by associates or preferred customers constitute our contracts. Product sales placed in the form of an automatic order contain two
performance obligations: (a) the sale of the product and (b) the loyalty program. The Company's customer loyalty program conveys a material right to the
customer to redeem loyalty points for the purchase of products. For these contracts, the Company accounts for each of these obligations separately as they are
each distinct. The transaction price is allocated between the product sale and the loyalty program on a relative standalone selling price basis. Sales placed
through a one-time order contain only the first performance obligation noted above - the sale of the product. Payments are made immediately through credit card
upon purchase of the products.
The Company provides associates with access to a complimentary three-month package for the Success Tracker
and Mannatech+ online business
tools with the first payment of an associate fee. The first payment of an associate fee contains three performance obligations: (a) the associate fee, whereby the
Company provides an associate with the right to earn commissions, bonuses and incentives for a year, (b) three months of complimentary access to utilize the
Success Tracker™ online tool and (c) three months of complimentary access to utilize the Mannatech+ online business tool. The transaction price is allocated
between the three performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis and revenue is recognized over the period that access to the tool is active.
Associates do not have complimentary access to online business tools after the first contractual period.
TM
With regard to both of the aforementioned contracts, the Company determines the standalone selling prices by using observable inputs which includes
the Company’s standard published price lists.
Our sales mix for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in millions, except percentages):
Product sales
Pack sales and associate fees
Other
Total consolidated net sales
2023
Percentage
2022
Percentage
$
$
125.3
5.6
1.1
132.0
95.0 % $
4.2 %
0.8 %
100.0 % $
130.2
6.2
0.8
137.2
94.9 %
4.5 %
0.6 %
100.0 %
F-12
Table of Contents
Deferred Commissions
The Company defers commissions on (i) the sales of products shipped but not received by customers by the end of the respective period and (ii) the
loyalty program. Deferred commissions are incremental costs and are charged to expense when the related revenue is recognized. Deferred commissions were
$2.1 million and $2.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Products are generally received by customers three to five days after shipment.
Deferred Revenue
The Company defers certain components of its revenue. Deferred revenue consisted of: (i) sales of products shipped but not received by the customers
by the end of the respective period; (ii) revenue from the loyalty program; (iii) prepaid registration fees from customers planning to attend a future corporate-
sponsored event; and (iv) prepaid annual associate fees. To defer product sales that have not been received by customers, the Company estimates order delivery
dates using weighted averages of historical delivery data collected from its freight carriers. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s deferred revenue
was $4.8 million and $5.1 million, respectively. The deferred revenue amount of $4.8 million as of December 31, 2023 will be recognized as revenue for the year
ending December 31, 2024. The deferred revenue amount of $5.1 million as of December 31, 2022 was recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31,
2023. The deferred revenue amount of $4.9 million as of December 31, 2021 was recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The Company's customer loyalty program conveys a material right to the customer as it provides the promise to redeem loyalty points for the purchase
of products, which is based on earning points through placing consecutive qualified automatic orders. The Company factors in breakage rates, which is the
percentage of the loyalty points that are expected to be forfeited or expire, for purposes of revenue recognition. Breakage rates are estimated based on historical
data and can be reasonably and objectively determined. The deferred revenue associated with the loyalty program at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022
was $3.2 million and $4.2 million, as follows:
Loyalty program (in thousands)
Loyalty deferred revenue as of January 1,
Loyalty points forfeited or expired
Loyalty points used
Loyalty points vested
Loyalty points unvested
Loyalty deferred revenue as of December 31,
Sales Refund and Allowances
2023
2022
4,167 $
(4,042)
(9,416)
11,658
875
3,242 $
4,292
(3,387)
(10,543)
12,773
1,032
4,167
$
$
The Company utilizes the expected value method to estimate the sales returns and allowance liability by taking the weighted average of the sales return
rates over a rolling six-month period. The Company allocates the total amount recorded within the sales return and allowance liability as a reduction of the
overall transaction price for the Company’s product sales. The Company deems the sales refund and allowance liability to be a variable consideration.
Historically, our sales returns have not materially changed through the years, as the majority of our customers who return their merchandise do so
within the first 90 days after the original sale. Sales returns have historically averaged 1.5% or less of our gross sales. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our sales
return reserve, which is a component of Accrued expenses, consisted of the following (in thousands):
Sales returns reserve as of January 1,
Provision related to sales made in current period
Adjustment related to sales made in prior periods
Actual returns or credits related to current period
Actual returns or credits related to prior periods
Sales returns reserve as of December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
59 $
739
14
(705)
(66)
41 $
55
783
(4)
(730)
(45)
59
F-13
Table of Contents
Shipping and Handling Costs
The Company records inbound freight as a component of inventory and cost of sales. The Company records freight and shipping fees collected from its
customers as fulfillment costs. Freight and shipping fees are not deemed to be separate performance obligations as these activities occur before the customer
receives the product.
Commission and Incentive Expenses
Associates earn commissions and incentives based on their direct and indirect commissionable net sales over each month of the fiscal year. The
Company accrues commissions and incentives when earned by associates and pays commissions on product and pack sales on a monthly basis.
Advertising Expense
The Company expenses advertising and promotions in selling and administrative expenses when incurred. Advertising and promotional expenses were
$4.1 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Educational and promotional items are sold to associates to assist in
their sales efforts and are included in inventories and charged to cost of sales when sold.
Research and Development Expenses
The Company expenses research and development expenses as incurred. Research and development expenses related to new product development,
enhancement of existing products, clinical studies and trials, Food and Drug Administration compliance studies, general supplies, internal salaries, third-party
contractors, and consulting fees were approximately $0.8 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Salaries and
contract labor are included in selling and administrative expenses and all other research and development costs are included in selling and administrative
expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company currently has one active stock-based compensation plan, the Mannatech, Incorporated 2017 Stock Incentive Plan, which was adopted by
the Company’s Board of Directors (the "Board") on April 17, 2017 and was approved by its shareholders on June 8, 2017. The Company recognizes stock-based
compensation expense over the vesting period of the options granted. See Note 10, Stock Based Compensation.
Software Development Costs
The Company capitalizes qualifying internal payroll and external contracting and consulting costs related to the development of internal use software
that are incurred during the application development stage, which includes design of the software configuration and interfaces, coding, installation, and testing.
Costs incurred during the preliminary project along with post-implementation stages of internal use software are expensed as incurred. During the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company capitalized $0.3 million and $0.4 million of qualifying internal payroll costs, respectively. The Company amortizes
such costs over the estimated useful life of the software, which is three to five years once the software is placed in service.
Income Taxes
The Company determines the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the
future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax
bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income
in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates
is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates the probability of realizing the future benefits of its deferred tax
assets and provides a valuation allowance for the portion of any deferred tax assets where the likelihood of realizing an income tax benefit in the future does not
meet the more likely than not criterion for recognition. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than
not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likelihood of being recognized. Changes in
recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company recognizes both interest and penalties related to
uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision. Net income/loss, before income tax, for U.S. and foreign entities is a function of the Company's
transfer pricing policies, which govern the allocation of taxable income among the Company's various tax jurisdictions. The Company is also subject to transfer
pricing tax regulations designed to ensure the appropriate allocation of income between our U.S. and foreign entities and that the Company
F-14
Table of Contents
is taxed accordingly. The Company is subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities and inquiries from those tax authorities regarding the amount
of taxes due.
Comprehensive Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances
from non-owner sources and includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The
Company’s comprehensive income consists of the Company’s net income, foreign currency translation adjustments from its Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan,
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Colombia, Mexico and China operations, remeasurement of intercompany balances of a long-term-investment nature from its
Taiwan, Mexico and Cyprus operations, and changes in the pension obligation for its Japanese employees. In the event that a subsidiary is disposed of, the
Company recognizes cumulative translation adjustments of foreign exchange directly through retained earnings. See Footnote 13, Shareholders Equity.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023. This new standard adds to U.S. GAAP an impairment model (known as the current
expected credit loss ("CECL") model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance
its estimate of expected credit losses, which is intended to result in the more timely recognition of losses. Under the CECL model, entities estimate credit losses
over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications) from the date of initial
recognition of the financial instrument. Measurement of expected credit losses are based on relevant forecasts that affect collectability. The scope of financial
assets within the CECL methodology is broad and includes trade receivables from certain revenue transactions and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures.
ASU 2016-13 only applies to our receivables from revenue transactions. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when, among other criteria, it is probable that
the entity will collect the consideration to which it is entitled for goods or services transferred to a customer. At the point that trade receivables are recorded, they
become subject to the CECL model and estimates of expected credit losses on trade receivables over their contractual life are required to be recorded at inception
based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company adopted the accounting standard using the modified
retrospective approach, as of January 1, 2023. The cumulative effect upon adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Concentration Risk
A significant portion of our revenue is derived from our Ambrotose, Ambrotose Life , TruHealth , Manapol®, and Optimal Support Packets products.
™
®
A decline in sales value of such products could have a material adverse effect on our earnings, cash flows, and financial position
Our business is not currently exposed to customer concentration risk given that no independent associate has ever accounted for more than 10% of our
consolidated net sales.
The Company maintains supply agreements with its suppliers and manufacturers. Some of the supply agreements contain exclusivity clauses and/or
minimum annual purchase requirements. Failure to satisfy minimum purchase requirements could result in the loss of exclusivity. During the year ended
December 31, 2023, the Company purchased finished goods from three suppliers that accounted for 52.5% of the year's cost of sales. During the year ended
December 31, 2022, the Company purchased finished goods from four suppliers that accounted for 60.1% of the year's cost of sales. The Company maintains
other supply and manufacturing agreements to minimize exposure to supplier risk.
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents,
receivables, and restricted cash. The Company utilizes financial institutions that the Company considers to be of high credit quality and periodically evaluates
the credit rating of such institutions and the allocation of their investments to minimize exposure to credit concentration risk.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, time deposits, money market investments,
receivables, payables, and accrued expenses, approximate their carrying values due to their relatively short maturities. See Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial
Statements, Fair Value, for more information.
F-15
Table of Contents
Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Effective
Segment Reporting (ASU 2023-07) — Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASC 2023-07”). In November
2023, the FASB issued accounting guidance that requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments which includes significant segment expense
categories and amounts for each reportable segment. The guidance is effective January 1, 2024, and will be adopted retrospectively. The adoption will result in
incremental disclosures related to reportable segments in the 2024 year-end financial statements and interim periods beginning in 2025. The Company is
currently evaluating the disclosure impacts of ASU 2023-07 on its consolidated financial statements as well as the impacts to its financial reporting process and
related internal controls.
Income Tax Reporting (ASU 2023-09) — Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASC 2023-09”). In December 2023,
the FASB issued accounting guidance to expand the annual disclosure requirements for income taxes, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income
taxes paid. This guidance is effective January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. This guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The
Company is currently evaluating the disclosure impacts of ASU 2023-09 on its consolidated financial statements as well as the impacts to its financial reporting
process and related internal controls.
F-16
Table of Contents
NOTE 2: FAIR VALUE
The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial assets and to determine fair value disclosures.
Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820) of the FASB establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires the use of observable market data, when available,
and prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value in the following categories:
• Level 1—Quoted unadjusted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
• Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and
model-derived valuations in which all observable inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.
• Level 3—Model derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable, including assumptions
developed by the Company.
The primary objective of the Company’s investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. The
investment instruments held by the Company are money market funds and interest bearing deposits for which quoted market prices are readily available. The
Company considers these highly liquid investments to be cash equivalents. These investments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because
they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets.
The tables below present the recorded amount of financial assets measured at fair value (money market fund) on a recurring basis as of December 31,
2023. The Company's interest-bearing deposits are measured at amortized cost, which approximates fair value to the carrying value due to the relatively short
maturity of the asset, (in thousands). The Company did not have any financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2022. The
Company did not have any material financial liabilities that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
2023
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Assets
Money Market Funds – JP Morgan, US
Interest bearing deposits – various banks
Total assets
Amounts included in:
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Long-term restricted cash
Total
Assets
Interest bearing deposits – various banks
2022
Total assets
Amounts included in:
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Long-term restricted cash
Total
2,310 $
1,084 $
3,394 $
2,310 $
674
410
3,394 $
— $
— $
— $
— $
—
—
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
—
—
— $
2,310
1,084
3,394
2,310
674
410
3,394
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
3,855 $
3,855 $
3,014 $
680
161
3,855 $
— $
— $
— $
—
—
— $
— $
— $
— $
—
—
— $
3,855
3,855
3,014
680
161
3,855
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
F-17
Table of Contents
NOTE 3: INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of raw materials, finished goods, and promotional materials. The Company provides an allowance for any slow-moving or obsolete
inventories. The allowance for slow-moving and inventory obsolescence was $0.4 million at each of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Inventories as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following (in thousands):
Raw materials
Finished goods
Total inventory, net
NOTE 4: PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
2023
2022
$
$
5,104 $
9,431
14,535 $
3,302
11,424
14,726
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, construction in progress was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which is primarily comprised of back-
office software projects with service dates that are currently indeterminable. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, property and equipment consisted of the
following (in thousands):
Office furniture and equipment
Computer hardware
Computer software
Automobiles
Leasehold improvements
Right of use Assets- finance leases
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, net
Construction in progress
Total
2023
2022
$
$
2,116 $
3,160
46,095
110
3,867
1,236
56,584
(52,631)
3,953
194
4,147 $
2,351
3,515
45,623
110
4,079
182
55,860
(52,479)
3,381
378
3,759
For each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation and amortization expense remained constant at $1.6 million.
NOTE 5: LEASES
The Company leases office space and equipment from third-party lessors and accounts for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842. Right of use assets
represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset over the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make future lease
payments arising from the lease.
Operating lease liabilities and finance lease liabilities with terms greater than 12 months are recorded at the present value of the lease payments at the
commencement date. The related right of use assets are recorded on the same date at the amount of the initial liability, adjusted for incentives received,
prepayments made to the lessor, and any initial direct costs incurred, as applicable. The Company uses the discount rate implicit in the lease when it is readily
determinable. When it is not readily available, future lease payments are discounted using the incremental borrowing rate available to the Company. The
incremental borrowing rate is the rate available to the Company for a fully collateralized, fully amortizing loan with the same term as the lease. Lease
components, such as office space, are accounted for separately from the non-lease components, such as maintenance fees. Certain of the Company's leases may
also include rent escalation clauses or options to extend or terminate the lease. These options are included in the present value recorded for the leases when it is
reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. None of the Company’s current leases contain guarantees of residual value. Leases with an initial
term of 12 months or less are considered short term and are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company recognizes a lease expense for short term leases on
a straight-line basis over the lease term.
F-18
Table of Contents
Generally, the Company’s operating leases relate to office space used in Mannatech’s operations, including its headquarters in Flower Mound, Texas
and office space in international locations in which the Company does business. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s finance leases pertain
to certain equipment used in the business.
On March 10, 2023, the Company entered into a five-year agreement to sublease 10,000 rentable square feet of the Company's leased office space in
Flower Mound, Texas to a subtenant. There was no modification or impairment by entering into the sublease agreement because the Company was not released
from its obligations under the head lease. The Company earned $0.1 million and $0 sublease revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022,
respectively, which is presented as a component of net sales on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has made a policy election
in accordance with ASC 842-10-15-39A to exclude from consideration taxes that are assessed on and collected from the sublessee from consideration.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our leased assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
Leases
Right of Use Assets
Operating leases
Finance leases
Total leased assets
Lease Liabilities
Current Portion
Operating leases
Finance leases
Long-Term Portion
Operating leases
Finance leases
Total leased liabilities
Classification
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
Other assets
Property and equipment, net
Accrued expenses
Current portion of finance leases
Other long-term liabilities
Finance leases, excluding current
portion
$
$
$
$
3,315 $
1,236
4,551 $
1,660 $
269
2,582
956
5,467 $
4,649
182
4,831
1,600
61
4,153
88
5,902
Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease costs are composed of the amortization of the right of use
asset and the amounts recorded as interest. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we incurred the following lease costs related to our operating and
finance leases (in thousands):
Lease Cost
Operating leases
Operating lease costs
Short term lease costs
Finance leases
Classification
2023
2022
Selling and administrative expenses $
Selling and administrative expenses
1,910 $
232
252
65
2,459 $
2,137
279
89
9
2,514
Amortization of leased assets
Depreciation and amortization
Interest on lease liabilities
Interest expense
Total lease cost
$
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities included (in thousands):
F-19
Table of Contents
Operating cash flows from operating leases
Financing cash flows from finance leases
2023
2022
$
$
1,948 $
211 $
2,017
76
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 the Company's lease terms and discount rates were:
Operating leases
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Weighted-average discount rate
Finance leases
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Weighted-average discount rate
2023
2022
3.33
4.61 %
4.18
6.46 %
4.07
4.35 %
3.25
7.43 %
As of December 31, 2023 future minimum lease payments were as follows (in thousands):
Maturity of lease liabilities
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
Sublease Income
December 31, 2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total future minimum lease payments
Imputed interest
Present value of minimum lease payments
$
$
$
1,819 $
1,134
723
650
268
—
4,594 $
(352)
4,242 $
337
327
327
315
90
—
1,396
(171)
1,225
$
$
$
(132)
(132)
(132)
(132)
(55)
—
(583)
—
(583)
NOTE 6: ACCRUED EXPENSES
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):
Accrued asset purchases
Accrued compensation
Accrued royalties
Accrued sales and other taxes
Other accrued operating expenses
Customer deposits and sales returns
Accrued travel expenses related to corporate events
Accrued shipping and handling costs
Rent expense
Accrued legal and accounting fees
Current portion of operating lease liabilities
F-20
2023
2022
$
$
861 $
1,707
38
201
506
515
131
291
3
865
1,661
6,779 $
66
1,737
41
290
473
641
834
528
—
1,300
1,600
7,510
Table of Contents
NOTE 7: INCOME TAXES
The components of the Company’s (loss) before income taxes are attributable to the following jurisdictions for the years ended December 31 (in
thousands):
United States
Foreign
(Loss) income before income taxes
2023
2022
$
$
(5,378) $
4,248
(1,130) $
(7,822)
7,343
(479)
The components of the Company’s income tax provision (benefit) for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
Current provision (benefit):
2023
2022
Federal
State
Foreign
Deferred provision (benefit):
Federal
State
Foreign
$
$
180 $
15
793
988
(2)
10
113
121
1,109 $
241
(37)
2,581
2,785
1,200
81
(55)
1,226
4,011
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s effective tax rate was (98.1)% and (837.4)%, respectively. The Company's effective
tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 differed from the statutory rate due to a mix of earnings across jurisdictions and the associated valuation
allowance recorded on losses in certain jurisdictions. The Company's effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 differed from the statutory rate due
to additional taxes assessed as a result of the settlement of the income tax audit in Korea, the Company recording a valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax
assets largely driven by changes in expected earnings mix between jurisdictions, and the relative impact of these items on decreased earnings.
A reconciliation of the Company’s effective income tax rate and the United States federal statutory income tax rate is summarized as follows, for the
years ended December 31:
2023
2022
Federal statutory income taxes
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
Difference in foreign and United States tax on foreign operations
Assessments from taxing authorities
Effect of changes in valuation allowance
Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI)
Credits generated
Effect of changes in tax rates
Foreign charitable contributions
Return to provision adjustments
Meals and entertainment
Withholding taxes
Expiration of tax attribute
Other
(1)
F-21
21.0 %
6.3
(0.7)
—
(46.4)
(16.1)
7.9
—
(4.6)
1.4
(12.8)
(16.0)
(38.5)
0.4
(98.1)%
21.0 %
20.7
(24.8)
(278.5)
(383.7)
—
15.2
19.4
(12.5)
(43.4)
—
(50.3)
(135.5)
15.0
(837.4)%
Table of Contents
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following at
December 31 (in thousands):
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue
Inventory
Accrued expenses
Net operating loss
Equity compensation
Foreign tax credit carryover
Lease liability
Capitalized research & development
(1)
Unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses
Other
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses
Deferred commissions
Lease assets
Fixed assets
Total deferred tax liabilities
Total net deferred tax asset
2023
2022
$
$
$
$
$
277 $
266
1,379
4,634
249
3,301
1,033
1,058
410
1,090
13,697 $
(10,296)
3,401 $
202
446
978
164
1,790 $
1,611 $
629
260
1,240
4,956
240
3,333
673
218
225
743
12,517
(9,772)
2,745
41
418
624
161
1,244
1,501
(1)
The Company’s net operating loss will expire as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):
Jurisdiction
Cyprus
Mexico
Switzerland
Taiwan
United States - Federal
United States - State
Other - Foreign
Gross NOL
Tax Effected NOL
Expiration Years
1,453
6,066
4,566
2,274
1,828
14,941
2,408
182
1,816
420
455
384
849
528
2024-2027
2024-2028
2024-2029
2024-2032
Indefinite
2024-Indefinite
Indefinite
We have U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of $3.3 million as of December 31, 2023, which will begin to expire in 2024. The Company maintains a
valuation allowance of $3.3 million against its foreign tax credit carryforwards.
F-22
Table of Contents
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s valuation allowance was $10.3 million and $9.8 million, respectively. The net change in the valuation
allowance for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was an increase of $0.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The provisions of ASC Topic 740
require a company to record a valuation allowance when the “more likely than not” criterion for realizing a deferred tax asset cannot be met. A company is to
use judgment in reviewing both positive and negative evidence of realizing a deferred tax asset. Furthermore, the weight given to the potential effect of such
evidence is commensurate with the extent the evidence can be objectively verified. The valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets consisted
of the following at December 31 (in millions):
Country
China
Cyprus
Mexico
Norway
South Africa
Switzerland
Taiwan
United States
Total
2023
2022
$
$
— $
0.2
1.8
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
7.3
10.3 $
0.4
0.2
1.8
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.6
6.2
9.8
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in current income tax expense. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022,
the Company had no accrued interest and penalties in the consolidated balance sheet or the consolidated statement of operations.
The Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities in the United States and various state and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2023,
the tax years that remained subject to examination by a major tax jurisdiction for the Company’s most significant subsidiaries were as follows:
Jurisdiction
China
Japan
Republic of Korea
Switzerland
United States
Open Years
2019-2022
2018-2022
2018-2022
2019-2022
2020-2022
F-23
Table of Contents
NOTE 8: TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES AND AFFILIATES
The Company made cash donations of $0.5 million and $0.6 million to the M5M Foundation for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and
December 31, 2022, respectively. The M5M Foundation is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization that works to combat the epidemic of childhood malnutrition on a
global scale. Several of the Company’s directors and officers and their family members serve on the board of the M5M Foundation, including:
• Al Bala, the Company’s CEO;
•
•
Lorrie Jobe, daughter of Larry Jobe, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors; and
Landen Fredrick, the Company's President and Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer and son of J. Stanley Fredrick, the
Company’s Chairman of the Board and a major shareholder.
Effective June 7, 2023, Landen Fredrick was named President and Chief Operating Officer. We paid employment compensation of approximately
$330,000 and $477,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for salary, bonus, auto allowance, and other compensation to Landen
Fredrick. Mr. Fredrick also participated in the employee health care benefit plans available to all employees of the Company. Landen Fredrick also serves as
Chairman of the Board of the M5M Foundation.
Mr. Kevin Robbins is a member of the Company's Board of Directors, serving as the Chair of the Science and Marketing Committee, and is also an
independent associate, holding a position in the Company's associate global downline network marketing system. He also received compensation for consulting
on the associate commission plan in the past, but did not receive any compensation for consulting on the plan during the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022. In addition, several of Mr. Robbins’ family members are independent associates. The Company pays commissions and incentives to its independent
associates and, during 2023 and 2022, the Company paid aggregate commissions and incentives to Mr. Robbins and his family of approximately $2.0 million
and $1.7 million, respectively. The aggregate amount of commissions and incentives paid to Mr. Robbins was approximately $0.2 million in each of 2023 and
2022. The aggregate amount of commission and incentives expense in 2023 and 2022 to Mr. Robbins' father, Ray Robbins, who holds positions in the
Company's associate global downline network marketing system was approximately $1.8 million and $1.5 million, respectively. All commissions and incentives
paid to Mr. Robbins and his family members are in accordance with the Company’s global associate career and compensation plan.
Johanna Bala, the wife of Al Bala, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, is an independent associate who earns commissions and incentives. The
aggregate amount of commission and incentives paid to Johanna Bala was approximately $0.1 million in each of 2023 and 2022. The Company paid less than
$0.1 million of commissions and incentives to other members of Al Bala's family in both years. All commissions and incentives paid to Al Bala's family
members are in accordance with the Company’s global associate career and compensation plan.
F-24
Table of Contents
NOTE 9: EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Employee Retirement Plan
Effective May 9, 1997, the Company adopted a Defined Contribution 401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) for its United States and
Canada employees. The 401(k) Plan covers all regular full-time and part-time employees who have completed three months of service and attained the age of
twenty-one. United States employees can contribute up to 100 percent of their annual compensation but are limited to the maximum annual dollar amount
allowable under the Internal Revenue Code. The 401(k) Plan permits matching and discretionary employer contributions. The Company’s matching
contributions for its United States and Canada employees vest ratably over a five-year period. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the
Company contributed approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million to the 401(k) Plan for matching contributions, respectively.
The Company also sponsors a non-U.S. defined benefit plan covering its employees in its Japan subsidiary (the “Benefit Plan”). Benefits under the
Benefit Plan are based on a point system for position grade and years of service. The Company utilizes actuarial methods. Inherent in the application of these
actuarial methods are key assumptions, including, but not limited to, discount rates and expected long-term rates of return on plan assets. Changes in the related
Benefit Plan costs may occur in the future due to changes in the underlying assumptions, changes in the number and composition of plan participants, and
changes in the level of benefits provided. The Company uses a measurement date of December 31 to evaluate and record any post-retirement benefits related to
the Benefit Plan.
Projected Benefit Obligation and Fair Value of Plan Assets
The Benefit Plan’s projected benefit obligation and valuation of plan assets were as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
Projected benefit obligation:
Balance, beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Liability (gain) loss
Benefits paid to participants
Foreign currency
Balance, end of year
Plan assets:
Fair value, beginning of year
Company contributions
Benefits paid to participants
Fair value, end of year
Funded status of the Benefit Plan as of December 31 (in thousands):
Benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets
Excess of benefit obligation over fair value of plan assets
Amounts recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of, as of
December 31 (in thousands):
Accrued benefit liability
Transition obligation and unrealized gain
Net amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets
F-25
2023
2022
220 $
35
1
(18)
(10)
(15)
213 $
2023
2022
— $
10
(10)
— $
2023
2022
(213) $
—
(213) $
2023
2022
(213) $
(64)
(277) $
213
40
—
(6)
—
(27)
220
—
—
—
—
(220)
—
(220)
(220)
(89)
(309)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Table of Contents
Other changes recognized in comprehensive income (in thousands):
Net periodic cost
Current year actuarial gain
Amortization of transition obligation
Total recognized in other comprehensive loss
Total recognized in comprehensive (loss) income
Amounts not yet reflected in net periodic benefit cost and included in accumulated other
comprehensive gain (in thousands):
Transition obligation
Prior service cost
Net actuarial gain
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive gain
Amounts included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in thousands):
Net actuarial gain
Deferred tax provision
Net cumulative amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Estimated amounts of amortized transition obligation (in thousands):
Transition obligation
Aggregate Benefit Plan information and accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
(in thousands):
Projected benefit obligation
Accumulated benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets
The weighted-average assumptions to determine the benefit obligation and net cost are as follows:
Discount rate
Rate of increase in compensation levels
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Years Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(3) $
(18)
—
(18)
(21) $
Years Ended December 31,
2023
2022
43 $
3
18
64 $
3
(6)
(3)
(9)
(6)
45
38
6
89
As of December 31,
2023
2022
675 $
(263) $
412 $
657
(257)
400
2023
2022
— $
(3)
As of December 31,
2023
2022
213 $
213
—
220
220
—
2023
2022
0.90 %
—
0.50 %
—
F-26
Table of Contents
Components of Expense
Service Cost for the Benefit Plan is included within selling and administrative expenses in the statement of operations and all other items noted in the
table below (Interest Cost, Amortization of Transition Obligation, Loss and Prior Service Cost) are included within other (expense), net. Pension costs, which are
included within Consolidated Statement of Operations are detailed below for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
Service cost
Interest cost
Amortization of transition obligation
Loss
Prior service cost
Total pension expense (benefit)
2023
2022
$
$
35 $
1
—
(5)
(34)
(3) $
40
—
3
(4)
(36)
3
Estimated Benefits and Contributions
The Company expects to contribute approximately $18,000 to the Benefit Plan in 2024. As of December 31, 2023, benefits expected to be paid by the
Benefit Plan for the next ten years is approximately as follows (in thousands):
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Next five years
Total expected benefits to be paid
$
$
18
29
23
26
30
152
278
NOTE 10: STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
Summary of Stock Option Plan
The Company currently has one active stock-based compensation plan, the 2017 Plan, which was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on
April 17, 2017 and was approved by its shareholders on June 8, 2017, and subsequently amended by the Board in February 2019, which was approved by the
Company's shareholders on June 11, 2019. The Board has reserved a maximum of 370,000 shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2017 Plan
(subject to adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends or other changes in corporate capitalization). As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a total of
108,468 shares available for grant under the 2017 Plan, which expires on April 16, 2027.
The 2017 Plan provides for grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock
units, performance stock and performance stock units to our employees, board members, and consultants. However, only employees of the Company and its
corporate subsidiaries are eligible to receive incentive stock options. The exercise price per share for all stock options will be no less than the market value of a
share of common stock on the date of grant. Any incentive stock option granted to an employee owning more than 10% of our common stock will have an
exercise price of no less than 110% of our common stock’s market value on the grant date.
The majority of stock options vest over two or three years, and generally are granted with a term of ten years, or five years in the case of an incentive
option granted to an employee who owns more than 10% of our common stock.
F-27
Table of Contents
A
summary
of
changes
in
stock
options
outstanding
during
the
year
ended December
31,
2023,
is
as
follows:
Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted
Exercised
Expired
Forfeit
Outstanding at end of year
Options exercisable at year end
Number of
Options
(in thousands)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
2023
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual life
(in years)
Aggregate
intrinsic
value (in
thousands)
244 $
5
(2)
(12)
—
235 $
228 $
17.35
12.58
5.72
10.01
—
17.73
17.77
3.47 $
3.30 $
—
—
During 2023 and 2022, the Company issued 2,000 and 11,334 treasury shares upon the exercise of options and granted 5,000 and 11,807 new options to
management and members of the Board, respectively. Options exercised during the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022 had a total intrinsic value,
calculated as the difference between the exercise date stock price and the exercise price, of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Non-vested
options at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately 6,668 and 10,003, respectively.
We grant stock options to our employees, board members, and consultants. At the date of grant, we determine the fair value of a stock option award and
recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period, or the vesting period of such stock option award, which is two or three years. The fair value of
the stock option award is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires us to apply judgment and
use subjective assumptions, including expected stock option life, expected volatility, expected average risk-free interest rates, and expected forfeiture rates.
The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of stock options granted each year:
Dividend yield:
Risk-free interest rate:
Expected market price volatility:
Weighted average expected life of stock options:
2023
6.4 %
4.0 %
66.5 %
4.5 years
2022
2.6 - 3.9 %
2.9 - 3.4 %
63.6 - 64.9 %
4.5 years
The computation of the expected volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes calculations for new grants is based on historical volatility of the
Company’s stock. The expected life assumptions are based on the Company’s historical employee exercise and forfeiture behavior.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.32 and $7.21 per
share, respectively. The total fair value of awards vested during each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.1 million.
Valuation and Expense Information Under FASB ASC Topic 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation
The Company is required to measure and recognize compensation expense related to any outstanding and unvested stock options previously granted,
and thereafter recognize, in its consolidated financial statements, compensation expense related to any new stock options granted after implementation using fair-
value based on an option-pricing model.
If we grant additional stock options in the future, we would be required to recognize additional compensation expense over the vesting period of such
stock options in our consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2023, we had 108,468 shares available for grant in the future.
F-28
Table of Contents
The Company recorded the following amounts related to the expense of the fair values of options during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(in thousands):
Selling, general and administrative expenses and income from operations before income taxes
Benefit for income taxes
Effect on net income
2023
2022
$
$
43 $
(10)
33 $
78
(18)
60
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had less than $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options currently
outstanding, to be recognized in future years over a weighted-average period of 0.95 years, ending December 31, as follows (in thousands):
Total gross unrecognized
compensation expense
Total tax benefit
associated
with unrecognized
compensation expense
Total net
unrecognized
compensation
expense
2024
2025
$
$
18 $
3
21 $
F-29
4 $
1
5 $
14
2
16
Table of Contents
NOTE 11: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Purchase Commitments
The Company maintains supply agreements with its suppliers and manufacturers. In 2016, the Company entered into a four-year supply agreement with
a vendor to purchase an aloe vera powder in whole leaf aloe form and an aloe vera gel extract. The agreement has been amended and renews annually. As of
December 31, 2023, the Company is required to purchase an aggregate of $4.2 million through 2024. Failure to satisfy minimum purchase requirements could
result in the loss of exclusivity.
Royalty and Consulting Agreements
The Company utilizes royalty agreements with individuals and entities to provide compensation for items relating to developed products, websites and
emails provided to our associates. The Company paid royalties of less than $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Employment Agreements
The Company has non-cancelable employment agreements with certain executives. If the employment relationships with these executives were
terminated, as of December 31, 2023, the Company would continue to be indebted to the executives for $0.6 million, payable through 2024.
F-30
Table of Contents
NOTE 12: LITIGATION
Litigation in General
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no open or pending litigation and no legal reserve was deemed necessary at December 31, 2023. The
Company has incurred several claims in the normal course of business. The Company believes such claims can be resolved without any material adverse effect
on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
The Company maintains certain liability insurance; however, certain costs of defending lawsuits are not covered by or only partially covered by its
insurance policies, including claims that are below insurance deductibles. Additionally, insurance carriers could refuse to cover certain claims, in whole or in
part. The Company accrues costs to defend itself from litigation as they are incurred.
NOTE 13: SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock
On May 19, 1998, the Company amended its Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to reduce the number of authorized shares of common
stock from 100.0 million to 99.0 million and the Company authorized 1.0 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. No shares of
preferred stock have ever been issued or outstanding.
Treasury Stock
On June 30, 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase, in the open market, the lesser of (i) 131,756 shares of its
common stock and (ii) $1.3 million of its shares, (the “June 2004 Plan”). On August 28, 2006, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a second program
permitting the Company to purchase, in the open market, up to $20 million of its outstanding shares (the “August 2006 Plan”). Under the June 2004 Plan and the
August 2006 Plan, shares of Common Stock may be repurchased from time to time through open market transactions in compliance with applicable securities
laws. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases, as well as the capital resources to fund the repurchases, are determined by the Company, in its
discretion, and depends on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 13,454 shares of its common stock, at an average price of $13.06. During the year
ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 99,293 shares of its common stock, at an average price of $21.87. As of December 31, 2023, there was
$12.6 million remaining for repurchase under the August 2006 Plan, and the total value of shares repurchased in the open market under the August 2006 Plan
was $1.5 million. The Company does not have any stock repurchase plans or programs other than the June 2004 Plan and the August 2006 Plan.
Voting rights
Holders of our Common Stock will vote as a single class and are entitled to one vote per share on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote
generally, including the election or removal of directors. The holders of our Common Stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.
Preemptive or similar rights
Holders of shares of our Common Stock do not have preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund
provisions applicable to the Common Stock.
Dividends
Holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends at the same rate, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally
available therefor, subject to any statutory or contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends and to the rights of the holders of one or more outstanding
series of our preferred stock. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid dividends of $.20 per share to holders of our Common Stock
in the amount of $0.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
F-31
Table of Contents
Equity-Based Compensation
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company issued a total of 12,808 and 6,072 treasury shares to the members of the Board as a part of
their compensation, respectively. The share grants to the Board were vested upon grant and the Company recognized $0.2 million for each of the years 2023 and
2022.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated other comprehensive income displayed in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity represents the results of certain
shareholders’ equity changes not reflected in the consolidated statements of operations, such as foreign currency translation and certain pension and
postretirement benefit obligations.
The after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive income, are as follows (in thousands):
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Pension
Postretirement
Benefit
Obligation
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss), Net
Balance as of December 31, 2021
Current-period change before reclassifications
Disposition of foreign entity
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Income tax provision
Balance as of December 31, 2022
Current-period change before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Income tax provision
Balance as of December 31, 2023
$
$
$
1,961 $
(2,546)
(23)
—
—
(608) $
(819)
—
—
(1,427) $
381 $
—
—
29
(10)
400 $
—
18
(6)
412 $
2,342
(2,546)
(23)
29
(10)
(208)
(819)
18
(6)
(1,015)
NOTE 14: EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company calculates basic Earnings per Share ("EPS") by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS also reflects the potential dilution that could occur if common stock were issued for awards outstanding under the
Mannatech, Incorporated 2017 Stock Incentive Plan.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, shares of the Company's common stock subject to options were excluded from the diluted EPS calculation as
their effect would have been antidilutive. The Company reported a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, shares of the Company's common stock subject to options were excluded from the diluted EPS calculations as
their effect would have been antidilutive. The Company reported a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022.
F-32
Table of Contents
NOTE 15: SEGMENT INFORMATION
We operate as a direct seller in the nutritional supplement industry. The Company's sole reporting segment is one in which we sell proprietary
nutritional supplements, skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management and fitness products operating in twenty-five markets. We primarily sell our
products through a network marketing distribution channel of approximately 145,000 active associates and preferred customer positions who we refer to as
current associates and preferred customers. Our subsidiary in China, Meitai, is currently operating as a traditional retailer under a cross-border e-commerce
model. Meitai cannot legally conduct a direct selling business in China unless it acquires a direct selling license in China. Our subsidiary, NEMO, operates an
affiliate business model under the brand name, “Trulu,” in the United States. Each of our subsidiaries sells similar products and exhibits similar economic
characteristics, such as selling prices, paying commissions and incentives, gross margins and operating characteristics.
We review and analyze net sales by geographical location and by products and packs on a consolidated basis. We currently sell our products in three
regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii) Europe/the Middle East/Africa (“EMEA”) (Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and (iii)
Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China). We also ship our products to customers in the
following countries: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Poland.
Consolidated net sales shipped to customers in these regions, along with pack and product information for the years ended December 31, are as follows
(in millions, except percentages):
Product sales from network marketing
Pack sales
Other
Total
$
2023
2022
$
125.3
5.6
1.1
132.0
130.2
6.2
0.8
137.2
Region
The Americas
Asia/Pacific
EMEA
Total
$
$
2023
42.8
79.4
9.8
132.0
32.4 % $
60.2 %
7.4 %
100.0 % $
2022
41.6
83.8
11.8
137.2
30.3 %
61.1 %
8.6 %
100.0 %
Long-lived assets by region, which include property and equipment and construction in progress for the Company and its subsidiaries, as of December
31, reside in the following regions, as follows (in millions):
Region
North America
Asia/Pacific
EMEA
Total
2023
2022
3.6 $
0.5
—
4.1 $
3.2
0.6
—
3.8
$
$
Inventory balances by region, which consist of raw materials and finished goods, including promotional materials, and offset by obsolete inventories, for the
Company and its subsidiaries, reside in the following regions as of December 31, as follows (in millions):
Region
North America
Asia/Pacific
EMEA
Total
2023
2022
8.3 $
4.6
1.6
14.5 $
7.5
5.4
1.8
14.7
$
$
F-33
Table of Contents
NOTE 16: SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Unsecured Promissory Note
On March 11, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to enter into unsecured Loan and Promissory Note agreements (“Prom
Notes”) with certain related parties, three of which are members of the Company’s Board of Directors, and all of which are current stockholders of the Company,
in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $3.6 million. The purpose of the borrowing is to provide funds to the Company for general working capital
needs, including payment to vendors, expansion of the Company’s non-US operations, technology investment primarily for improving the customer ordering
process and software updates to improve visibility of sales associate activity.
Pursuant to the terms of the Prom Notes, the financing includes a 30-month unsecured note, and certain other terms customarily included in similar debt
financing arrangements. The Company has the right to prepay all or a portion of the Prom Notes at any time without premium or penalty. A third party has been
engaged to evaluate and provide a fairness opinion on the transaction and its related terms. The Company intends to complete the financing immediately
following the receipt of such fairness opinion.
CEO Severance Agreement
On March 13, 2024, the Company announced the retirement of Alfredo (Al) Bala as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer effective April 1, 2024 and
the engagement of Mr. Bala as an advisor to the Company effective April 1, 2024. Per the terms of Mr. Bala’s employment agreement he is entitled to one year
severance of $0.4 million.
F-34
Table of Contents
As of December 31, 2023 the Company has these wholly-owned subsidiaries located throughout the world, as follows:
List of Subsidiaries
Exhibit 21
1.Mannatech Australia Pty Limited
2.Mannatech Japan, G.K.
3.Mannatech Korea Co., Ltd.
4.Mannatech Limited (a New Zealand Company)
5.Mannatech Limited (a UK Company)
6.Mannatech Taiwan Corporation
7.Mannatech Payment Services Incorporated
8.Mannatech Products Company Inc.
9.Internet Health Group, Inc.
10.Mannatech (International) Limited
11.Mannatech, Incorporated Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
12.Mannatech Singapore Pte. Ltd.
13.Mannatech Canada Corporation
14.Mannatech South Africa (Pty) Ltd
15.Mannatech Bermuda Holdings Limited
16.Mannatech Denmark ApS
17.Mannatech (Gibraltar) Holdings Limited
18.Mannatech Swiss Holdings GmbH
19.Mannatech Swiss International GmbH
20.Mannatech Malaysia Trading Co. Sdn. Bhd.
21.Mannatech Norge A/S
22.Mannatech Sverige AB
23.MTEX Mexico SRL CV
24.MTEX Mexico Services SRL CV
25.Mannatech Cyprus Limited
26.Mannatech Ukraine LLC
27.MTEX Hong Kong Limited
28.Mannatech RUS Ltd.
29.Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd.
30.Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch
31.Mannatech Netherlands B.V.
32.Mannatech Products Hong Kong Limited
33.New Economy Marketing Opportunities, LLC
34.Mannatech (Thailand) Co.,Ltd.
F-35
Table of Contents
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Exhibit 23.1
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-72767, 333-77227, 333-94519, 333-47752, 333-
113975, 333-153199, 333-182676, 333-197400, 333-220539 and 333-233418) of Mannatech, Incorporated of our report dated March 28, 2024, relating to the
consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
/s/ BDO USA, P.C.
Dallas, Texas
March 28, 2024
F-36
Table of Contents
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 17 CFR 240.13a-14
PROMULGATED UNDER
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Alfredo Bala, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mannatech, Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f))
for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting.
Date: March 28, 2024
F-37
/s/ Alfredo Bala
Alfredo Bala
Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
Table of Contents
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 17 CFR 240.13a-14
PROMULGATED UNDER
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Landen Fredrick, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mannatech, Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f))
for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting.
Date: March 28, 2024
F-38
/s/ Landen Fredrick
Landen Fredrick
Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial
Officer
(principal financial officer)
Table of Contents
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.1
In connection with the Annual Report of Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2023 as filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Alfredo Bala, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 28, 2024
/s/ Alfredo Bala
Alfredo Bala
Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS WRITTEN STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO MANNATECH, INCORPORATED
AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.
F-39
Table of Contents
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.2
In connection with the Annual Report of Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2023 as filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Landen Fredrick, Chief Operating Officer of the Company, hereby certify,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 28, 2024
/s/ Landen Fredrick
Landen Fredrick
Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial
Officer
(principal financial officer)
A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS WRITTEN STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO MANNATECH, INCORPORATED
AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.
F-40
Table of Contents
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
Exhibit 99.1
Additions
Balance at
Beginning of
Year
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
Charged to
other
Accounts
Deductions
Balance at
End of Year
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for obsolete inventories
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
Included in accrued expenses:
Reserve for sales returns
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for obsolete inventories
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
Included in accrued expenses:
Reserve for sales returns
(26)
543
1,838
779
519
463
524
753
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12 $
(573) $
— $
973
417
9,772
(775) $
59
(214) $
(460) $
— $
1,278
420
10,296
(771) $
41
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
987
447
7,934
55
973
417
9,772
59
F-41
CODE OF ETHICS FOR OFFICERS
Exhibit 14
The honesty, integrity and sound judgement of Mannatech, Incorporated (“Mannatech”) and its subsidiaries is fundamental to its
reputation and success. While Mannatech expects honest and ethical conduct in all aspects of business from all personnel, special
ethical obligations apply to its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President and Chief Operating Officer, Controller,
and other executives (the “Officers”). They must adhere to principles and foster a culture throughout Mannatech as a whole that helps
to ensure the fair and timely reporting of its financial results and conditions. In addition to being bound by the Business Code of
Conduct provisions, including conflicts of interest and foreign corruption, Mannatech has adopted the following Code of Ethics
specifically for the Officers.
The Officers covered by this Code of Ethics shall:
• Act with honesty and integrity, and maintain high standards of ethical conduct;
•
•
Provide information that is fair, accurate, timely and understandable for inclusion in Mannatech’s financial statements to help
ensure full and accurate disclosure in reports and documents that Mannatech files with the Securities and Exchange
Commission or otherwise discloses publicly in Mannatech’s submissions to governmental agencies and public communication
made by Mannatech;
Promote prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code of Ethics and any information concerning (a) significant
deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls that could adversely affect Mannatech’s ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial data, or (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees
who have a significant role in Mannatech’s financial reporting, disclosures or internal controls to the chairman of Mannatech’s
Audit Committee and to the General Counsel;
• Act in good faith, responsibly using due care and diligence in performing their responsibilities to Mannatech, without allowing
their independent judgment to be subordinated to personal interest or misrepresenting material facts;
• Avoid situations that present actual or apparent conflicts of interest with their responsibilities to Mannatech, and disclose
promptly to the Audit Committee or General Counsel any transaction or personal or professional relationship that reasonably
could be expected to give rise to such an actual or apparent conflict;
• Achieve responsible use of and control over all entrusted assets and resources;
•
Promote ethical and honest behavior within Mannatech by complying and taking all reasonable actions to cause others under
their supervision to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulation of federal, state, provincial and local governments, and
other appropriate private and public regulatory agencies;
• Report illegal or unethical behavior and cooperate in internal investigations of misconduct;
• Respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of one’s work except when authorized or otherwise legally
obligated to disclose.
Any violation of this Code of Ethics will be subject to appropriate discipline, up to and including dismissal from Mannatech and
prosecution under the law.
The Board of Directors shall have the sole and absolute discretionary authority to approve any deviation or waiver from this Code of
Ethics. Any change in, waiver from and the grounds for such change or waiver of this Code of Ethics shall be routed to the Board of
Directors for approval and promptly disclosed through a filing with the SEC on Form 8-K.
Updated January 30, 2024.
INSIDER TRADING POLICY
Insider Trading Policy Effective Date: Policy No.: AAC10001
F/K/A Securities Trading Policy February 29, 2024 Revision No.: 002
Revised by: Erin Barta Dept. Category: Accounting Pages: 7
Associate Policy (Y or N): No Sarbanes Oxley Policy (Y or N): Yes
Countries of Operation (list countries) or Global: Global
Exhibit 19
I. PURPOSE
Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”) has adopted this Insider Trading Policy (this “Policy”) to help its directors, officers
and employees comply with insider trading laws, to prevent even the appearance of improper insider trading and to promote
compliance with the Company’s obligation under Item 408 of Regulation S-K to publicly disclose information related to its
insider trading policies and practices and the use of certain trading arrangements by Company insiders.
II. SCOPE
A. This Policy applies to all directors, officers, and employees of the Company, as well as their respective family
members and others in their households (collectively referred to as “Insiders”), and any other individuals the
Compliance Officer (defined below) may designate as Insiders because they have access to material nonpublic
information concerning the Company.
B. Except as set forth explicitly below, this Policy applies to all transactions in the Company’s securities, including
transactions in common stock, options, preferred stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and any other type of
securities that the Company may issue. This Policy applies to such securities regardless of whether they are held in a
brokerage account, a 401(k) or similar account, through an employee stock purchase plan or otherwise.
III.SPECIFIC GUIDANCE
A. Generally Prohibited Activities. The prohibitions below apply to actions an Insider may take directly or indirectly
through family members or other persons or entities.
1. Trading in Company Securities.
a. No Insider may buy, sell, donate, or otherwise transact in Company securities while aware of material
nonpublic information concerning the Company.
b. No Insider may buy, sell, donate, or otherwise transact in Company securities during any special trading
blackout period applicable to such Insider as designated by the Compliance Officer.
2. Tipping. Providing material nonpublic information to another person who may trade or advise others to trade
based on that information is known as “tipping” and is illegal. Therefore, no Insider may “tip” or provide
material nonpublic information concerning the Company to any person other than a director, officer, or
employee of
the Company, unless required as part of that Insider’s regular duties for the Company and authorized by the
Compliance Officer.
3. Giving Trading Advice. No Insider may give trading advice of any kind about the Company to anyone, whether
or not such Insider is aware of material nonpublic information about the Company, except that Insiders should
advise other Insiders not to trade if such trading might violate the law or this Policy.
4. Engaging in Short Sales. No Insider may engage in short sales of Company securities. A short sale is the sale of
a security that the seller does not own at the time of the trade.
5. Engaging in Derivative Transactions. No Insider may engage in transactions in puts, calls or other derivative
instruments that relate to or involve Company securities. Such transactions are, in effect, bets on short-term
movements in the Company’s stock price and therefore create the appearance that the transaction is based on
nonpublic information.
6. Hedging. No Insider may engage in hedging transactions involving Company securities, including forward sale
or purchase contracts, equity swaps, collars, or exchange funds. Such transactions are speculative in nature and
therefore create the appearance that the transaction is based on nonpublic information.
7. Trading on Margin or Pledging. No Insider may hold Company securities in a margin account or pledge (or
hypothecate) Company securities as collateral for a loan. Margin sales or foreclosure sales may occur at a time
when the Insider is aware of material nonpublic information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in Company
securities.
8. Trading in Securities of Other Companies. No Insider may, while in possession of material nonpublic
information about any other public company gained in the course of employment with the Company, (a) buy,
sell, donate, or otherwise transact in the securities of the other public company, (b) “tip” or disclose such
material nonpublic information concerning that company to anyone, or (c) give trading advice of any kind to
anyone concerning the other public company.
B. Additional Restrictions Applicable to Section 16 Individuals and Key Employees.
1. No Section 16 Individual or Key Employee (each as defined below) may buy, sell, donate, or otherwise transact
in Company securities outside of the Company trading window described in Section V.B below.
2. No Section 16 Individual may trade in Company securities unless the trade(s) have been approved by the
Compliance Officer in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section V.C.1 below.
C. Exceptions.
The prohibited activities above do not apply to:
1. Exercises of stock options or similar equity awards or the surrender of shares to the Company in payment of the
stock option exercise price or in satisfaction of any tax withholding obligations, provided that any securities
acquired pursuant to such
exercise may not be sold, including as part of a broker-assisted cashless exercise, while the Insider is in
possession of material nonpublic information or subject to a special trading blackout or, with respect to Section
16 Individuals and Key Employees, while the Company’s trading window is closed.
2. The vesting of restricted stock, or the exercise of a tax withhold right pursuant to which an Insider elects to
have the Company withhold shares of stock to satisfy tax withholding requirements upon the vesting of any
restricted stock, provided that any securities acquired pursuant to such vesting may not be sold while the
Insider is in possession of material nonpublic information or subject to a special trading blackout or, with
respect to Section 16 Individuals and Key Employees, while the Company’s trading window is closed.
3. Acquisitions or dispositions of Company securities under an individual account that are made pursuant to
standing instructions entered into while the Insider is not in possession of material nonpublic information or
otherwise subject to a special trading blackout and, with respect to Section 16 Individuals and Key Employees,
while the Company’s trading window is open.
4. Other purchases of securities from the Company or sales of securities to the Company that do not involve a
market transaction.
5. Purchases, sales or donations made pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan that is adopted and operated in compliance
with the terms of this Policy (see Section VII).
IV. DETERMINING WHETHER INFORMATION IS MATERIAL AND NONPUBLIC
A. Definition of “Material” Information.
1. There is no bright line test for determining whether information is material. The determination depends on the
facts and circumstances unique to each situation and cannot be made solely based on the potential financial
impact of the information.
2.
In general, information about the Company should be considered “material” if:
a. A reasonable investor would consider the information significant when deciding whether to buy or sell
Company securities; or
b. The information, if disclosed, could be viewed by a reasonable investor as having significantly altered
the total mix of information available in the marketplace about the Company.
Generally, if the information could reasonably be expected to affect the price of the Company’s stock, it
should be considered material.
3. It is important to remember that whether information is material will be viewed by enforcement authorities with
the benefit of hindsight. In other words, if the price of the Company’s stock changed as a result of the
information having been made public, it will likely be considered material by enforcement authorities.
4. While it is not possible to identify every type of information that could be deemed “material,” the following
matters ordinarily should be considered material:
a. Projections of future earnings or losses, or other earnings guidance, or changes in projections or
guidance;
b. Financial performance, especially quarterly and year-end earnings or significant changes in financial
performance or liquidity;
c. Potential significant mergers and acquisitions or the sale of significant assets or subsidiaries;
d. New major contracts, orders, suppliers, customers, or finance sources, or the loss thereof;
e. Major discoveries or significant changes or developments in products or product lines, research, or
technologies;
f. Significant changes or developments in supplies or inventory, including significant product defects,
recalls or product returns;
g. Stock splits, public or private securities/debt offerings, or changes in dividend policies or amounts;
h. Significant changes in senior management;
i. Actual or threatened major litigation, or the resolution of such litigation;
j. An imminent change in the Company’s credit rating by a rating agency;
k. The contents of forthcoming publications that may affect the market price of Company securities; and
1. Significant breaches of information technology systems or other events impacting cybersecurity.
B. Definition of “Nonpublic” Information.
Information is “nonpublic” if it has not been disseminated to investors through a widely circulated news or wire
service (such as Bloomberg, PR Newswire, etc.) or through a public filing with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “SEC”). For the purposes of this Policy, information will be not considered public until after the
close of trading on the first full trading day following the Company’s widespread public release of the information.
C. Consult the Compliance Officer for Guidance.
Any Insider who is unsure whether the information that he or she possesses is material or nonpublic should consult the
Compliance Officer for guidance before trading in any Company securities.
V. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS FOR SECTION 16 INDIVIDUALS AND KEY EMPLOYEES
A. Definitions of Section 16 Individuals and Key Employees.
1. “Section 16 Individual” – Each member of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), those officers of
the Company designated by the Board as “Section 16
officers” of the Company, and their respective family members and others in their households.
2. “Key Employees” – The following individuals are Key Employees because of their position with the Company
and their possible access to material nonpublic information:
a. Active employees of the Company who have met or currently meet the eligibility requirements to
receive annual stock option and/or restricted stock unit awards from the Compensation and Stock
Option Plan Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”); and
b. Any other individual designated from time to time by the Compliance Officer, the Board, the
Compensation Committee, or the Nominating/Governance and Compliance Committee as a Key
Employee.
3. Employees and other individuals who are recipients of stock option and/or restricted stock unit awards from the
Compensation Committee that are broad-based or special awards as recommended by the Chief Executive
Officer (the “CEO”) or other authorized officer under a pool of stock options or restricted stock units
established by the Compensation Committee shall not be considered Key Employees unless they also meet one
or more of the conditions set forth in the preceding two bullets.
B. The Trading Window.
1. Trading Only While the Trading Window is Open. Section 16 individuals and Key Employees may buy, sell,
donate, or otherwise transact in Company securities only while the Company’s trading window is open. In
general, the Company’s trading window opens two full trading days following the Company’s release of
quarterly or year-end earnings. The trading window closes at the close of business on the last business day of
the quarter.
2. No Trading While Aware of Material Nonpublic Information. Notwithstanding the provisions of the
immediately preceding section, any Section 16 Individual or Key Employee who is in possession of material
nonpublic information regarding the Company may not trade in Company securities during an open trading
window until the close of trading on the first full trading day following the Company’s widespread public
release of such information.
3. Special “Blackout” Periods. The Company may, at any time, impose a “special blackout” period, during which
period trading by a specified group of Insiders or all Insiders would be considered inappropriate. The Chief
Financial Officer (“CFO”) in consultation with the Compliance Officer will communicate the imposition or
extension of such a blackout period to all affected parties. Insiders subject to a special blackout period may not
disclose the fact that Trading has been suspended to anyone, including other employees (who may themselves
not be subject to the blackout), family members (other than those subject to this Policy), friends or brokers. The
imposition of a special blackout period shall be treated as Material Nonpublic Information.
C. Procedures for approving trades by Section 16 Individuals.
1. Section 16 Individual Trades. No Section 16 individual may trade in Company securities until:
a. The individual has notified the Compliance Officer in writing of the amount and nature of the proposed
trade(s);
b. The individual has certified to the Compliance Officer in writing, no more than three business days
prior to the proposed trade(s), that he or she is not aware of material nonpublic information regarding
the Company; and
c. The Compliance Officer has approved the proposed trade(s).
The notice and certification required by this Section V.C.1, and the Compliance Officer’s approval
thereof, shall be given using the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. During the approval period
identified in the notice and certification, provided that the facts referred to in Section V.C.1.b remain
correct, the Section 16 Individual may execute the trade set forth in the notice and certification. Once
the approval period identified in the notice and certification has expired, a new notice and certification
pursuant to this Section V.C.1 must be given for the Section 16 Individual to trade in Company
securities.
2. Compliance Officer Trades. If the Compliance Officer desires to complete any trades involving Company
securities, he or she must first obtain the approval of the CEO or the CFO of the Company.
3. No Obligation to Approve Trades. The existence of the foregoing approval procedures does not in any way
obligate the Compliance Officer (or, in the case of any trade by the Compliance Officer, the CEO or CFO of the
Company) to approve any trades requested by Section 16 Individuals or the Compliance Officer.
VI. COMPLIANCE OFFICER
The Company has designated its General Counsel as the individual responsible for administration of this Policy (the
“Compliance Officer”). The duties of the Compliance Officer include the following:
A. Administering this Policy and monitoring and enforcing compliance with all Policy provisions and procedures;
B. Reviewing and either approving or denying all proposed trades by Section 16 Individuals in accordance with the
procedures set forth in Section V.C.1 above;
C. After discussing with the CFO, designating special blackout periods during which certain Insiders may not trade in
Company securities;
D. Providing copies of this Policy and other appropriate materials to new Insiders;
E. Administering, monitoring, and enforcing compliance with all federal and state insider trading laws and regulations;
and
F. Revising this Policy as necessary to reflect changes federal or state insider trading laws and regulations, or as otherwise
deemed necessary or appropriate.
The Compliance Officer may designate one or more individuals who may perform the Compliance Officer’s duties if the
Compliance Officer is unable or unavailable to perform such duties.
VII.
RULE 10b5-1 TRADING PLANS.
A. General Information
Under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, an individual has an affirmative
defense against an allegation of insider trading if he or she demonstrates that the purchase, sale, or trade in
question took place pursuant to a binding contract, specific instruction or written plan that was put into place
before he or she became aware of material nonpublic information. Such contracts, irrevocable instructions, and
plans are commonly referred to as Rule 10b5-1 plans and must satisfy several conditions set forth in Rule 10b5-
1.
Rule 10b5-1 plans have the obvious advantage of protecting against insider trading liability. However, they also
require advance commitments regarding the amounts, prices and timing of purchases or sales of Company
securities and thus limit flexibility and discretion. In addition, once a Rule 10b5-1 plan has been adopted, it is
generally not permissible to amend or modify such plan without complying with new conditions and timing
limitations set forth in Rule 10b5-1. Accordingly, while some individuals may find Rule 10b5-1 plans
attractive, they may not be suitable for all Insiders.
B. Specific Requirements.
1. Pre-Approval. For a Rule 10b5-1 plan to serve as an adequate defense against an allegation of insider trading, a
number of legal requirements must be satisfied. Accordingly, anyone wishing to establish a Rule 10b5-1 plan
must first receive approval from the Compliance Officer or his or her designee. Section 16 Individuals wanting
to establish a Rule 10b5-1 plan must also satisfy the notification and certification requirements set forth in
Section V.C.1 above.
2. Material Nonpublic Information and Special Blackouts. An individual desiring to enter into a Rule 10b5-1 plan
must enter into the plan at a time when he or she is not aware of any material nonpublic information about the
Company or otherwise subject to a special trading blackout.
3. Trading Window. Section 16 Individuals and Key Employees may establish a Rule 10b5-1 plan only when the
Company’s trading window is open.
4. Limitations on the Number of Rule 10b5-1 Plans. An individual may not establish overlapping Rule 10b5-1
plans and must limit the use of single-trade plans (i.e., a plan covering a single trading event) to one plan during
any consecutive 12-month period, in each case subject to the accommodations set forth in Rule 10b5-1.
5. Cooling Off Periods.
a. Section 16 Individuals must observe a cooling-off period between the date a Rule 10b5-1 plan is
adopted or modified and the date of the first transaction under the plan following such adoption or
modification equal to the later of (i) 90 days; or (ii) 2 business days following the disclosure in Forms
10-K or 10-Q of the Company’s financial results for the fiscal quarter in which the plan was adopted or
modified (but not to exceed 120 days following plan adoption or modification).
b. All other employees who are not subject to Section VII.B.5.a must observe a cooling-off period between
the date a Rule 10b5-1 plan is adopted or modified and the date of the first transaction under the plan
following such adoption or modification equal to at least 30 days.
VIII.
POST-TERMINATION TRANSACTIONS
This Policy continues to apply to transactions in the Company’s securities after termination of service to the Company.
If an individual is in possession of material nonpublic information when his or her service terminates, or if the
Company’s trading window is closed at the time of termination, that individual may not trade in the Company’s
securities until any such material nonpublic information has become public or is no longer material and/or the
Company’s trading window has opened. The pre-clearance procedures specified in Section V.C.1 above, however, will
cease to apply to transactions in the Company’s securities upon the opening of the Company’s trading window and/or
expiration of any special trading blackout period, at which point the provisions set forth in Section V.B.1 above shall
no longer apply.
IX. POTENTIAL PENALTIES AND DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS
A. Civil and Criminal Penalties.
The consequences of prohibited insider trading or tipping can be severe. Persons violating insider trading or tipping
rules may be required to disgorge the profit made or the loss avoided by the trading, pay the loss suffered by the person
who purchased securities from or sold securities to the Insider or tippee, pay significant civil and/or criminal penalties,
and serve a lengthy jail term. The Company in such circumstances may also be required to pay major civil or criminal
penalties.
B. Company Discipline.
Violation of this Policy or federal or state insider trading or tipping laws by any Insider may, in the case of a director,
subject the director to dismissal proceedings and, in the case of an officer or employee, subject the officer or employee
to disciplinary action by the Company up to and including termination for cause.
C. Reporting Violations.
Any Insider who violates this Policy or any federal or state law governing insider trading or tipping or knows of any
such violation by any other Insider, must report the violation immediately to the Compliance Officer. Upon
determining that any such violation has occurred, the Compliance Officer, in consultation with the Company’s
Disclosure Committee and, where appropriate, the Chair of the Audit Committee of the Board, will determine whether
the Company should release any material nonpublic information, and, when required by applicable law, shall cause the
Company to report the violation to the SEC or other appropriate governmental authority.
X. MISCELLANEOUS
This Policy will be delivered to all directors, officers, employees, and designated outsiders upon its adoption by the Company
and to all new directors, officers, employees, and designated outsiders at the start of their employment or relationship with the
Company. Upon first receiving a copy of this Policy or any revised versions, each Section 16 Individual and Key Employee
must sign an acknowledgment that he or she has received a copy of this Policy and agrees to comply with its terms.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
RECEIPT AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT FORM
After receiving a copy of Mannatech, Incorporated’s (the “Company”) Insider Trading Policy or any revised version thereof (the
“Policy”), each member of the Board of Directors, each officer designated under the Policy as a “Section 16 Individual” and each
individual meeting the definition of a “Key Employee” must sign and return this Receipt and Acknowledgment Form to the General
Counsel.
I, , acknowledge that I have received and read a copy of the Policy and agree to comply with its terms. I understand that violation of
insider trading or tipping laws or regulations may subject me to severe civil and/or criminal penalties, and that violation of the terms
of the Policy may subject me to discipline by the Company up to and including termination for cause.
Signature Date
EXHIBIT A TO MANNATECH, INCORPORATED’S INSIDER TRADING POLICY
Notice and Certification for Section 16 Individuals
To the Compliance Officer:
This serves as notice to you of my intent to trade in securities of Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”). The amount and nature
of the proposed trade is as follows:
□ Exercise ___________ non-qualified stock options granted under the 2017 Stock
Incentive Plan on __________________;
□ Sell in the open market ___ shares of Company Common Stock currently held at
______________________ (example: broker (e.g., Fidelity, USB,) in certificated form);
□ Purchase in the open market _________ shares of Company Common Stock;
□ Gift __________ shares of Company Common Stock to _________________;
□ Adopt a Rule 10b5-1 plan to sell _____________ shares granted on ___________; or
□ Other (explain)
I understand that I am not authorized to trade in Company securities or adopt a Rule 10b5-1 plan in reliance upon this Notice and
Certification until the same is approved by the Compliance Officer or his/her designee. I further understand that I am only authorized
to complete my proposed trade or adopt my Rule 10b5-1 plan during the authorization period set forth in the approval below, and that
if I have not completed my proposed trade or adopted my Rule 10b5-1 plan by the last date of the authorization period set forth below,
I must submit a new Notice and Certification in order to trade in Company securities or adopt a plan.
I agree to notify the Compliance Officer within 24 hours after the execution of any cleared trade in Company securities so that the
Company can provide reasonable assistance, as requested, in connection with the timely filing of forms required under Section 16 of
the Exchange Act. The ultimate responsibility and liability for timely, complete, and accurate filing of such forms, however, remains
with the undersigned Section 16 Individual.
I hereby certify that I am not aware of material nonpublic information concerning the Company. I hereby certify that I am adopting a
Rule 10b5-1 plan to sell [______] shares in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of Rule 10b5-1,
and that if I adopt a Rule 10b5-1 plan, I will do so during the authorization period and such plan will comply with the conditions set
forth in Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Date: Signature:
Name:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
To be completed by Compliance Officer or his/her Designee
Approved by: Authorization Period Begins:
Name:
Date: Authorization Period Ends:
(up to 4 days after period begins)
As of December 31, 2023 the Company has these wholly-owned subsidiaries located throughout the world, as follows:
List of Subsidiaries
Exhibit 21
1.Mannatech Australia Pty Limited
2.Mannatech Japan, G.K.
3.Mannatech Korea Co., Ltd.
4.Mannatech Limited (a New Zealand Company)
5.Mannatech Limited (a UK Company)
6.Mannatech Taiwan Corporation
7.Mannatech Payment Services Incorporated
8.Mannatech Products Company Inc.
9.Internet Health Group, Inc.
10.Mannatech (International) Limited
11.Mannatech, Incorporated Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
12.Mannatech Singapore Pte. Ltd.
13.Mannatech Canada Corporation
14.Mannatech South Africa (Pty) Ltd
15.Mannatech Bermuda Holdings Limited
16.Mannatech Denmark ApS
17.Mannatech (Gibraltar) Holdings Limited
18.Mannatech Swiss Holdings GmbH
19.Mannatech Swiss International GmbH
20.Mannatech Malaysia Trading Co. Sdn. Bhd.
21.Mannatech Norge A/S
22.Mannatech Sverige AB
23.MTEX Mexico SRL CV
24.MTEX Mexico Services SRL CV
25.Mannatech Cyprus Limited
26.Mannatech Ukraine LLC
27.MTEX Hong Kong Limited
28.Mannatech RUS Ltd.
29.Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd.
30.Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch
31.Mannatech Netherlands B.V.
32.Mannatech Products Hong Kong Limited
33.New Economy Marketing Opportunities, LLC
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Exhibit 23.1
Mannatech, Incorporated
Flower Mound, Texas
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-72767, 333-77227, 333-94519, 333-47752, 333-
113975, 333-153199, 333-182676, 333-197400, 333-220539 and 333-233418) of Mannatech, Incorporated of our report dated March 28, 2024, relating to the
consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
BDO USA, LLP
Dallas, TX
March 28, 2024
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 17 CFR 240.13a-14
PROMULGATED UNDER
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Alfredo Bala, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mannatech, Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f))
for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting.
Date: March 28, 2024
/s/ Alfredo Bala
Alfredo Bala
Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 17 CFR 240.13a-14
PROMULGATED UNDER
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, David A. Johnson, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mannatech, Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f))
for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting.
Date: March 28, 2024
/s/ Landen Fredrick
Landen Fredrick
Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial
Officer
(principal financial officer)
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.1
In connection with the Annual Report of Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2023 as filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Alfredo Bala, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 28, 2024
/s/ Alfredo Bala
Alfredo Bala
Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS WRITTEN STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO MANNATECH, INCORPORATED
AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.2
In connection with the Annual Report of Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2023 as filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David A. Johnson, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 28, 2024
/s/ Landen Fredrick
Landen Fredrick
Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial
Officer
(principal financial officer)
A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS WRITTEN STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO MANNATECH, INCORPORATED
AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED
CODE OF ETHICS FOR OFFICERS
Exhibit 97.1
The honesty, integrity and sound judgement of Mannatech, Incorporated (“Mannatech”) and its subsidiaries is fundamental to its
reputation and success. While Mannatech expects honest and ethical conduct in all aspects of business from all personnel, special
ethical obligations apply to its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President and Chief Operating Officer, Controller,
and other executives (the “Officers”). They must adhere to principles and foster a culture throughout Mannatech as a whole that helps
to ensure the fair and timely reporting of its financial results and conditions. In addition to being bound by the Business Code of
Conduct provisions, including conflicts of interest and foreign corruption, Mannatech has adopted the following Code of Ethics
specifically for the Officers.
The Officers covered by this Code of Ethics shall:
• Act with honesty and integrity, and maintain high standards of ethical conduct;
•
•
Provide information that is fair, accurate, timely and understandable for inclusion in Mannatech’s financial statements to help
ensure full and accurate disclosure in reports and documents that Mannatech files with the Securities and Exchange
Commission or otherwise discloses publicly in Mannatech’s submissions to governmental agencies and public communication
made by Mannatech;
Promote prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code of Ethics and any information concerning (a) significant
deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls that could adversely affect Mannatech’s ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial data, or (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees
who have a significant role in Mannatech’s financial reporting, disclosures or internal controls to the chairman of Mannatech’s
Audit Committee and to the General Counsel;
• Act in good faith, responsibly using due care and diligence in performing their responsibilities to Mannatech, without allowing
their independent judgment to be subordinated to personal interest or misrepresenting material facts;
• Avoid situations that present actual or apparent conflicts of interest with their responsibilities to Mannatech, and disclose
promptly to the Audit Committee or General Counsel any transaction or personal or professional relationship that reasonably
could be expected to give rise to such an actual or apparent conflict;
• Achieve responsible use of and control over all entrusted assets and resources;
•
Promote ethical and honest behavior within Mannatech by complying and taking all reasonable actions to cause others under
their supervision to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulation of federal, state, provincial and local governments, and
other appropriate private and public regulatory agencies;
• Report illegal or unethical behavior and cooperate in internal investigations of misconduct;
• Respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of one’s work except when authorized or otherwise legally
obligated to disclose.
Any violation of this Code of Ethics will be subject to appropriate discipline, up to and including dismissal from Mannatech and
prosecution under the law.
The Board of Directors shall have the sole and absolute discretionary authority to approve any deviation or waiver from this Code of
Ethics. Any change in, waiver from and the grounds for such change or waiver of this Code of Ethics shall be routed to the Board of
Directors for approval and promptly disclosed through a filing with the SEC on Form 8-K.
Updated January 30, 2024.
MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
Exhibit 99.1
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for obsolete inventories
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
Included in accrued expenses:
Reserve for sales returns
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for obsolete inventories
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
Included in accrued expenses:
Reserve for sales returns
Additions
Balance at
Beginning of
Year
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
Charged to
other
Accounts
Deductions
Balance at
End of Year
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
987
447
7,934
55
973
417
9,772
59
(26)
543
1,838
779
519
463
524
753
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12 $
(573) $
— $
973
417
9,772
(775) $
59
(214) $
(460) $
— $
1,278
420
10,296
(771) $
41