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Maple Leaf Foods
Annual Report 2011

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FY2011 Annual Report · Maple Leaf Foods
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MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.  |  2011 ANNUAL REPORT

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Maple Leaf has all the ingredients to be a very profitable food 
company. We have strong brands and market shares – we are 
the market leader in virtually all of our businesses. These are 
foundational elements for any great food company and the basis 
for our long-term growth. Supporting this, we are implementing  
a comprehensive plan to reduce costs and boost productivity –  
all to drive Market Value. 

Financial Highlights 

For years ended December 31
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except share information) 

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
Sales 
Adjusted operating earnings(ii)  
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations(iii)  
Net earnings (loss)(iv)  
Return on assets employed(v)  

FINANCIAL POSITION
Net assets employed(vi) 
Shareholders’ equity  
Net borrowings  

PER SHARE
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations  
Adjusted net earnings from continuing operations(ii) 
Net earnings (loss), as reported(iii) 
Dividends 
Book value 

NUMBER OF SHARES (millions)
Weighted average 
Outstanding at December 31 

2011 

2010  

2009(i)  

2008(i) 

2007(i)

4,894  
259  
82  
82  
10.0% 

1,907  
865  
984  

0.59 
1.01 
0.59  
0.16  
6.18  

4,968 
215  
29  
29 
8.6% 

1,966  
924  
902 

0.22 
0.73 
0.22 
0.16 
6.60  

5,222 
196 
52 
52 
5.9% 

5,243  
128 
(37) 
(37) 
3.4%  

2,416 
1,189 
1,016 

0.40 
0.57 
0.40 
0.16 
8.69 

2,348 
1,143 
1,023 

(0.29) 
0.29 
(0.29) 
0.16 
8.84 

5,210
199
 (23)
195 
6.7%

2,267
1,149
855

(0.18)
0.51
1.53
0.16
8.87

138.7 
140.0  

135.6 
140.0 

129.8 
136.8 

126.7 
129.3 

127.3
129.6

(i)  2007, 2008 and 2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or before January 1, 2010.
(ii)  Refer to page 41 of Management’s Discussion & Analysis for definition.
(iii)  Attributable to common shareholders.
(iv)  Includes results of discontinued operations, and is attributable to common shareholders.
(v)   After tax, but before interest, calculated on average month-end net assets employed. Excludes one-time recall costs, restructuring and other related costs and associated gains, and the impact of  

the change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps, unrealized gains/losses on commodity futures contracts and the change in fair value of biological assets.

(vi)  Total assets, less cash, future tax assets and non-interest-bearing liabilities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Financial Highlights (Inside front cover)  |  Message from the Chairman 02  |  Message to Shareholders 03  |  2011 Business Review 06   

Progress on Our Value Creation Plan 08  |  Corporate Social Responsibility 12  |  Corporate Governance and Board of Directors 14 

Senior Management and Officers 15  |  Financial Review 2011 16  |  Corporate Information (Inside back cover)

Segmented Operating Results

Protein Group
(In millions of Canadian dollars) 

MEAT PRODUCTS GROUP
Sales  
Adjusted operating earnings 
Total assets  

AGRIBUSINESS GROUP
Sales  
Adjusted operating earnings 
Total assets  

TOTAL PROTEIN GROUP
Sales 
Adjusted operating earnings 
Total assets 

Operating Groups  
The Meat Products Group consists of value-added prepared meats; lunch kits; and value-added fresh pork, poultry and turkey products. 

The Agribusiness Group operations include hog production and animal by-products recycling operations. 
(i)  Amounts may not recalculate due to rounding.

Bakery Products Group
(In millions of Canadian dollars) 

TOTAL BAKERY PRODUCTS GROUP
Sales 
Adjusted operating earnings 
Total assets 

| 

 AR 2011 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

|  01

2011 

2010  

% Change(i)

3,039  
96  
1,466  

260  
82  
223  

3,299  
178  
1,689  

3,181 
81  
1,503  

199 
51 
250  

3,381 
132  
1,753  

(4.5)%
18.1%
(2.5)%

30.1%
62.2%
(10.6)%

(2.4)%
35.0%
(3.7)%

2011  

2010  

% Change(i)

 1,595  
 86  
 937  

1,587 
 94  
 836  

0.4%
(8.6)%
12.1%

The Bakery Products Group consists of Maple Leaf’s 90.0% ownership in Canada Bread Company, Limited (“Canada Bread”), a producer of fresh and frozen value-added bakery products,  

and specialty pasta and sauces.
(i)  Amounts may not recalculate due to rounding.

SALES BY GROUP 

62.1%  Meat Products

 32.6%  Bakery Products

  5.3%  Agribusiness

TOTAL ASSETS BY GROUP

 49.8%  Meat Products

  7.6%  Agribusiness

 31.9%  Bakery Products

 10.7%  Non-allocated

DOMESTIC VS.
INTERNATIONAL SALES

74.8%  Domestic

 11.0%  U.S.

 14.2%  Other International

ADJUSTED OPERATING
EARNINGS

37.1%  Meat Products

 33.3%  Bakery Products

 31.6%  Agribusiness

 (2.0)%  Non-allocated

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
02 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

| 

AR 2011 

| 

 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN

Message from the Chairman

We are confident that this strategy will deliver significant improvements in profitability 
and the best return for our investors. 

Board/Committee meetings  
held in 2011

of directors on the Board  
are independent

Dear Fellow Shareholders:

The last twelve months has been a period 
marked by change and a high level of Board 
activity and engagement.

In May, we experienced the loss of 
Wallace McCain after his valiant battle 
with pancreatic cancer. Wallace was one 
of Canada’s most eminent entrepreneurs, 
and he had a profound impact on Maple 
Leaf Foods and everyone who knew him. 
He brought a unique blend of penetrating 
insights, experience and humility during his 
sixteen years as Chairman. Words cannot 
convey the magnitude of his contribution to  
Maple Leaf Foods or how deeply he is 
missed by his fellow directors, Management 
and employees. 

There were two material governance events 
this year. The first was the execution of an 
agreement with McCain Capital, which owns 
31.3% of the Company’s shares, to provide 
them proportionate representation on the 
Board. The second was securing approval by 
shareholders to adopt a shareholder rights 
plan, which will ensure all shareholders 
participate in any transaction in which control 
of the Company is acquired or increased. 

In October, the Board approved a capital 
investment of $560 million to establish a 
low cost, highly competitive prepared meats 
network, the single largest investment 
in our Company’s history. This decision 
was made after an intensive review and 
recommendation by a working group of five 
independent directors, including two new 
directors. This working group stress-tested 
management assumptions, the risks and 
the return on investment. We are confident 
that this strategy will deliver significant 

improvements in profitability and the best 
return for our investors, and we are diligently 
tracking progress, recognizing our collective 
accountability as a Board and Management 
team to deliver results. 

We continue to add to the breadth and 
experience of the Board with the addition 
of new independent directors. At the 2012 
Annual General Meeting a slate of directors 
will be presented to shareholders that will 
reflect some departures and continuing 
Board renewal. At that time I will also be 
relinquishing my role as Chairman, which 
I assumed upon Wallace’s death, and 
retiring from the Board. It has been a very 
rewarding experience for me. I firmly believe 
that this Company is following a path that 
will reward its shareholders in both the near 
and longer term, and strengthen its position 
as one of Canada’s great food companies. 

Maple Leaf has a Board that is united in 
its confidence in the Company’s strategic 
direction and path to create significant 
value. We have a governance structure 
that recognizes and protects the rights of 
all shareholders, and a Board that brings a 
combination of broad experience, historical 
knowledge and new perspectives to its 
responsibilities. I am honoured to have 
worked alongside these dedicated directors 
and to have participated in the growth of a 
great business. 

Sincerely,

PURDY CRAWFORD
Chairman

MESSAGE TO SHAREHOLDERS

| 

 AR 2011 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

|  03

Message to Shareholders

This was a “show me” year for Maple Leaf Foods.

In 2010, we launched our value creation 
plan with a very strong commitment that 
we would significantly increase earnings 
now and over the next several years. We’re 
very pleased to report that we are making 
excellent progress.

•	  Delivered over $1.00 adjusted 

earnings per share, the first time  
in our history

•	  Compound annual growth rate in  

EBT of 44% since 2008

•	  Double-digit adjusted earnings per 

share growth over the past three years

This progress was achieved in the face 
of rising food costs and an uncertain 
economy. In North America, food costs rose 
approximately 3% over last year. Consumers 
ranked concern over rising food costs second 
only to high gas costs in a 2011 Nielsen 
survey. The clear winner was the discount 
grocery channel, which increased sales by 
3% at the expense of other banners. 

We managed this challenging market 
environment with great merchandising and 
promotions, increasing our penetration 
into discount channels and launching 
new product innovation. The result was 

an increase in market share across our 
core prepared meats categories (bacon, 
wieners and sliced meats) for our flagship 
Maple Leaf ® and Schneiders® brands and in 
our U.K. bagel business. 

2011 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

In 2011, Maple Leaf Foods grew adjusted 
operating earnings by 21%, despite a 
decline in our fourth quarter results, which 
reflected the near-term impact of high 
meat costs, weaker commodity markets 
and transitory duplicative overhead 
costs in our fresh bakery business due 
to network changes. For the year, wheat 
prices increased 45% from 2010, which 
escalated costs in our bakery business. Corn 
prices were up 59%, increasing the cost 
of livestock production and raw material 
costs in our prepared meats business. We 
managed this commodity inflation with price 
increases across our businesses. Volumes, 
however, declined for Maple Leaf and our 
peers in the short term, as higher prices 
resulted in tighter consumer spending. 

Our adjusted earnings per share increased 
40% to $1.01 – which was a record 
performance for Maple Leaf Foods. Since 
2008 we have increased adjusted operating 

earnings by 102% and adjusted earnings 
per share by 250%. We are very satisfied 
with these results. While the share price 
did not track our increased earnings, we 
are confident that the market will recognize 
continued growth in our financial results and 
the value potential in our stock. 

Progress on a number of priority projects 
moved our value creation plan forward in 
2011 and delivered some early contributions 
to earnings. Most notably these included two 
early plant closures and ongoing changes 
to simplify our prepared meats product mix, 
which in turn reduced manufacturing costs. 

We’ve also been active on other fronts – 
building a great culture that fosters success. 
In 2011, our innovative ThinkFOOD! Centre 
hosted close to 200 customer events, where 
we collaborated on new recipe, product 
development and merchandising ideas. We 
are living our commitment to becoming a 
global food safety leader. We were named 
one of the top 10 Marketers of the Year in 
2011. We have been recognized as having 
one of Canada’s leading corporate cultures. 
And we continue to build on our Maple Leaf 
Leadership Values as the foundation for 
everything we do. 

EBITDA Margin Targets 

2010

2011

2012

2015

Protein EBITDA

6.6%

7.8%

8.5%

12.5%

Bakery EBITDA

9.3%

8.7%

11.5%

12.5%

Total EBITDA

7.2%

8.0%

9.5%

12.5%

We are targeting a 15% to 
25% reduction in costs in our 
prepared meats network over 
the next three years.

  
 
04 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

| 

AR 2011 

| 

MESSAGE TO SHAREHOLDERS

Summary Financial Highlights

Sales  
Return on net assets (“RONA”) 
Adjusted operating earnings 
Adjusted earnings per share 
Operating cash flow from continuing operations 
Capital expenditures 
Debt to EBITDA ratio 
Share price performance relative to S&P Food Index 

WHAT’S AHEAD IN 2012

This is a year of significant momentum as 
we move ahead with a number of strategic 
initiatives. By the end of 2012, we plan to 
hit our first EBITDA margin target of 9.5%. 
The big hitters behind this improvement 
are our ongoing product simplification 
activities, the benefit of early prepared 
meats plant closures, pricing, and continued 
improvements in the base business. 

275

500

400

300

By the end of the year, we will have largely 
completed the expansions to our prepared 
meats plants in Winnipeg and Saskatoon, 
and commenced volume transition from 
other facilities. We’ll have closed two of our 
three smaller Ontario bakeries, consolidating 
volume into our new scale bakery. SAP will 
be implemented across our prepared meats 
and rendering businesses. Construction of 
our new prepared meats plant in Hamilton, 
Ontario will commence mid-year and is 
scheduled for completion in mid-2013. We 
also expect to deliver higher levels of growth 
across our consumer-facing businesses. 

102

103

126

100

200

2010

2011

60

0

160

2012

These complex change initiatives are not 
without risk. We have identified potential 
threats or variables and developed mitigation 
strategies for each one. We have established 
a disciplined project management process 
and structure to guide these multiple 
initiatives. This includes detailed planning 
and resource mapping to ensure we have the 
right people, with the right skills, leading and 
managing these projects. We are benefiting 
deeply from the experience gained from the 

transformation of our fresh pork business, 
the expansion of the Brandon, Manitoba 
pork plant and the construction and 
commissioning of our new Hamilton bakery – 
all well executed on time and on budget. 

Over the next three years, we will be 
significantly increasing our capital 
investments, especially in our prepared 
meats business, to establish scale 
efficiencies and deliver margin growth.  
We expect to spend approximately 
$435 million in 2012, primarily to support  
the expansion of three facilities and 
commence construction of our new 
prepared meats facility in Hamilton. The 
other significant expense is continuing 
with our SAP implementation. Base capital 
spending is expected to be approximately 
$160 million in 2012. 

We have rigorous financial disciplines, 
reflected in a strong balance sheet 
and lending agreements. In May, the 
Company entered into a new four-year 
$800.0 million committed revolving credit 
facility with a syndicate of Canadian, U.S. 
and international institutions to replace 
an $870.0 million revolving credit facility 
that was due to mature. The new facility 
is unsecured and bears interest based on 
short-term interest rates. The financing, 
which matures on May 16, 2015, results in 
a weighted average term of the Company’s 
debt of 4.9 years. 

2011 

2010

$  4,893.6M 

$ 4,968.1M

10.0% 

$  259.0M 
1.01 
$ 
$  244.8M 
$  229.2M 
2.5× 
(19.0)% 

8.6%

$  214.5M
$ 
0.73
$  285.2M
$  162.3M
2.5×
(16.4)%

Phasing of Capital
(In millions of Canadian dollars)

Significant capital investment 
in 2012 will support facility 
expansion, construction and 
consolidation, as well as  
SAP implementation.

 Strategic Capital
	Other

275

160

126

103

60

102

2010

2011

2012

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MESSAGE TO SHAREHOLDERS

| 

 AR 2011 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

|  05

MAJOR MILESTONES ACHIEVED IN 2011

•	 Expanded	margins	in	our	Meat	Products	Group

•	 	Reduced	costs	by	standardizing	over	1,000	prepared	 

•	 	Commissioned	our	new	scale	fresh	bakery	on	time	and	 

meats products

on budget

•	 Successfully	completed	19	SAP	implementations

•	 	Launched	a	detailed	plan	to	achieve	scale	efficiencies	in	our	

•	 	Increased	prepared	meats	market	share	through	new	 

prepared meats network 

product innovation 

•	 Executed	the	early	closure	of	two	prepared	meats	plants

•	 	Gained	market	share	in	both	the	Maple	Leaf® and  

•	 Improved	results	in	our	U.K.	bakery	business

Schneiders® brands 

We are committed to maintaining a strong 
balance through this period of major capital 
investment. These costs will be funded 
through existing cash flow with no new equity 
required. Management’s target is to maintain 
a debt to EBITDA ratio of 3.0x or lower. As at 
December 31, 2011 this ratio was 2.5x. 

While top-line growth is not factored into our 
near- and long-term margin targets, it is the 
foundation for the healthy long-term growth 
of our Company. We need to drive higher  
levels of organic growth, and that means 
placing greater emphasis on strengthening 
our sales organization and investing in our 
brands, marketing and store displays and 
superb product innovation. 

DELIVERING A STRONGER RETURN 
TO SHAREHOLDERS 

Delivering higher levels of profitability is 
directly tied to establishing a highly efficient, 
low cost supply chain. We are targeting a 
reduction in costs in our prepared meats 
business of 15% to 25% over the next three 
years. Therein lies the key to significant 
wealth generation and sustainable 
competitive advantage. We expect increased 
manufacturing and distribution efficiencies 
and other strategic initiatives to increase 
our EBITDA margins to 9.5% by 2012 
and 12.5% by 2015. These targets are 
consistent with our large North American 
peers, who typically deliver EBITDA margins 
in the 10% to 15% range. 

The path to achieve these goals is clear, 
and we are well along with execution. The 
immediate results are evident – reflected 
in our earnings improvement over the past 
three years. 

Our Management team collectively owns 
over 34% of the shares of Maple Leaf – a 
big stake in this Company. Our interest, like 
yours, is to see this confidence rewarded in 
the near and longer term.

Sincerely, 

MICHAEL H. McCAIN

President and Chief Executive Officer

MICHAEL H. VELS

Executive Vice-President and 

Chief Financial Officer

RICHARD A. LAN

Chief Operating Officer 
Food Group

J. SCOTT McCAIN

President and Chief Operating Officer 

Agribusiness Group

Our people have worked tirelessly, with  
tenacity and conviction, to deliver 
extraordinary results. The fact that many  
plants will close to achieve what is necessary  
has been accepted with grace and 
professionalism. We are humbled by the pride 
and integrity that our people have in producing 
great food for their families and communities. 

Our entire Management team is committed to 
achieving our value creation plan. In 2012, we 
further aligned our interests with shareholders 
by making incentive compensation for senior 
leaders 100% tied to delivering financial 
targets. That means delivering 75% margin 
growth by 2015. 

LOOKING FORWARD

Maple Leaf has all the ingredients to be  
a GREAT food company. We have strong  
brands and market shares – we are 
the market leader in virtually all of our 
businesses. These are foundational 
elements for any great food company and 
the basis for our long-term growth. 

We are very confident in our ability to  
create significant value for shareholders. 
We have a clear, achievable plan that 
is delivering and will continue to deliver 
results. The culmination of our efforts 
will be a significantly more profitable and 
competitive company. 

  
 
06 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

| 

AR 2011 

| 

 2011 BUSINESS REVIEW 

2011 Business Review

Our adjusted operating earnings increased 21%, despite the challenges of food 
inflation and rising input costs.

MEATS

BAKERY

In our Meat Products Group, fresh pork 
operations had an exceptional year, 
benefiting from strong export markets, 
increased value-added domestic retail sales, 
and lower production costs. With scale, 
technology and a focused business 
model, our pork operations have realized a 
remarkable turnaround since 2007. 

Strong pork results were more than offset 
by weak results in our poultry business, 
reflecting record-high live bird costs 
related to high feed costs. Performance 
improved considerably in our prepared 
meats business, driven by price increases 
and great new product innovation that 
grew margins and category sales. Our new 
Maple Leaf ® Natural Selections® products 
substantially grew both the entire sliced 
meats category and our market share 
in 2011. We’ve removed synthetically 
produced ingredients and replaced them 
with natural ingredients like sea salt, lemon 
juice and cultured celery extract. In April 
we built on this success by launching a full 
line of Schneiders® Country Naturals™ ham, 
bacon, wieners and sliced meats. In our 
chicken business we developed Maple Leaf 
Prime Naturally Portions™ – four individually 
sealed boneless chicken breasts in a 
convenient no-mess packaging format. 

In our Bakery Products Group, we passed 
through a price increase in our fresh bakery 
business earlier in the year, which partially 
offset the impact of higher flour prices 
and other inflationary cost increases. This 
business was also affected by duplicative 
overhead costs related to the commissioning 
of the new Hamilton bakery, which together 
with higher input costs resulted in some 
margin decline. Profit growth in our  
North American frozen bakery operations 
was also impacted by high wheat costs, 
which outpaced price increases. 

Our U.K. bakery operations showed 
improved results, benefiting from a very 
successful re-launch of bagels under the 
New York Bakery Co.® brand, which resulted 
in significant sales growth. To keep pace 
with demand we are moving ahead with 
an expansion of our Rotherham, England 
bagel plant, which will increase production 
capacity by an additional 30,000 bagels 
per hour. We are consolidating production 
into three bakeries in the U.K., and we are 
benefiting from more focus and efficiencies 
in our core categories.

Product innovation was an important area 
of focus in our bakery business in 2011. 
We launched Dempster’s Wholegrains™ 
Canadian Century Grains bread, made with 
100% Canadian wheat as well as heritage 
varieties with roots tracing back over a 
century. We reduced sodium content across 
all major product lines, and we ran a second 
highly successful marketing promotion 
featuring hockey legend Sidney Crosby. 
Our Olivieri® pasta business grew volumes 
in 2011 based on great innovations, such 
as wholegrain pasta, new advertising and 
packaging design. We also expanded our 
popular Tenderflake® line with the launch 
of Tenderflake® Easy Pie!, which includes 
everything but the filling.

AGRIBUSINESS

Our Agribusiness Group had a very strong 
year, benefiting from high commodity grain 
prices that increased the selling value of 
rendered materials and bio-diesel. In times 
of rapid commodity inflation, this business 
provides an important partial offset to 
our Meat Products Group, which can be 
negatively impacted by rising feed and meat 
costs. Our hog production operations, which 
provide a dedicated supply into our Brandon 
pork plant, also increased profitability as  
a result of higher hog prices and lower 
feed costs. 

SINCE 2008 WE HAVE INCREASED ADJUSTED OPERATING EARNINGS  
BY 102% AND ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE BY 250%.

2011 BUSINESS REVIEW

| 

 AR 2011 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

|  07

Total Protein Group
(In millions of Canadian dollars) 

Sales 
Adjusted operating earnings 
Total assets 

Total Bakery Products Group
(In millions of Canadian dollars) 

Sales 
Adjusted operating earnings 
Total assets 

2011 

2010 

2009(i) 

2008(i) 

2007(i) 

$ 3,299.1 
177.9 
1,688.6 

$ 3,380.6 
131.8 
1,752.8 

$ 3,516.5 
103.4 
1,940.4 

$ 3,536.7 
59.6 
1,976.7 

$ 3,699.0
87.5
1,863.2

2011 

2010 

2009(i) 

2008(i) 

2007(i) 

$ 1,594.5 
86.3 
937.3 

$ 1,587.5 
94.4 
836.4 

$ 1,705.1 
102.2 
955.5 

$ 1,705.9 
83.0 
1,003.7 

$ 1,510.6
119.3
823.1

(i)  2007, 2008 and 2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or before January 1, 2010.

100% Canadian. Our launch 
of Dempster’s Wholegrains™ 
Canadian Century Grains put 
Canadian wheat at the top of  
the ingredient list.

Re-launching and reformulating  
our U.K. bagels under the  
New York Bakery Co.® brand 
resulted in significant market 
share growth.

Innovation in our Maple Leaf® 
Natural Selections® line drove 
growth in our market share  
and the total category.

  
 
08 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

| 

AR 2011 

| 

PROGRESS ON OUR VALUE CREATION PLAN

Progress on Our Value Creation Plan

In 2011, we made significant progress on the implementation of our value creation 
plan. Some of these initiatives delivered early contributions to earnings, most notably 
two plant closures in prepared meats and ongoing changes to simplify our prepared 
meats portfolio of products, which in turn reduced manufacturing costs. 

Expanding Prepared Meats Margins –  
This was achieved through both pricing and 
improvements in our product mix. In 2011, 
we implemented price increases across our 
product portfolio to manage the impact of 
higher raw material costs, and we improved 
the effectiveness of trade spending. We also 
benefited from very successful innovation 
that increased our market shares, driven by 
products that are branded and result in a 
higher margin mix. 

Commissioning a World-Class Bakery –  
A large contributor to lowering overhead 
costs and achieving margin targets is the 
closure of three sub-scale bakeries and 
consolidation of production into our new 
scale bakery in Hamilton, Ontario. The new 
bakery was commissioned on time and on 
budget in 2011. Two of the smaller bakeries 
closed in the first quarter of 2012, with the 
third scheduled for closure in early 2013. 
While this project resulted in approximately 
$6.1 million in duplicative overhead costs in 
2011, these costs will decline in 2012. 

Achieving Scale Efficiencies in Prepared 
Meats – The consolidation of our prepared 
meats network is the single largest 
contributor to our margin and profit growth. 
Last year involved extensive planning to 
support the detailed costing and phasing of 
the network transformation. The result was 
Board approval of $560 million in strategic 
capital to expand three facilities and 
construct a new state-of-the-art prepared 
meats facility. We got an early start on these 
changes with the closure of two plants – one 
in the east and one in the west – which 
contributed to our financial results in 2011. 
By the end of 2014, a further six plants and 
four distribution facilities will close, with 
production and distribution consolidated 
into four scale manufacturing facilities and 
two distribution centres. 

OUR NEW SCALE BAKERY IN HAMILTON, ONTARIO  
WAS COMMISSIONED ON TIME AND ON BUDGET IN 
2011. CONSOLIDATING PRODUCTION INTO THIS  
STATE-OF-THE-ART FACILITY WILL LOWER OVERHEAD 
COSTS AND DRIVE EBITDA MARGIN IMPROVEMENT.

 
PROGRESS ON OUR VALUE CREATION PLAN

| 

 AR 2011 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

|  09

Value Creation Initiatives  

Transformation Complete by End of 2014

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014

MEAT

Plant	expansions

• Winnipeg 

• Brampton

• Saskatoon

New scale plant

Plant closures

New eastern DC*

CONSTRUCTION/COMMISSIONING

CONSTRUCTION/COMMISSIONING

VOLUME
TRANSFER

VOLUME
TRANSFER

CONSTRUCTION/COMMISSIONING

VOLUME	TRANSFER

CONSTRUCTION/COMMISSIONING

VOLUME	TRANSFER

BERWICK

SURREY

NORTH BATTLEFORD

HAMILTON

CONSTRUCTION/ 
COMMISSIONING

SHIPMENTS
BEGIN

• TORONTO (Bartor Rd.)
•	KITCHENER	
•	MONCTON 
•	WINNIPEG (Panet Rd.)

DC	closures/exit

BERWICK

COQUITLAM

BURLINGTON,	KITCHENER 
THIRD-PARTY	DCs

MONCTON

Product simplification(i)

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

BAKERY

Hamilton bakery

CONSTRUCTION/COMMISSIONING

CENTRAL 
FRASER

Bakery closures

CORPORATE

SAP implementation 

Shared services

VOLUME
TRANSFER

ETOBICOKE

(i)   Phase 1 of Simplify focused on wieners, deli/sliced, sausage and ham categories. Phase 2 of Simplify will focus on bacon and further processed chicken. Phase 3 of Simplify continues 

through 2014, further simplifying categories from Phases 1 and 2, and extending effort to other categories. 

*  Distribution centre 

Additional details regarding our value creation plan can be found at  www.mapleleaffoods.com

  
 
 
 
10 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

| 

AR 2011 

| 

 PROGRESS ON OUR VALUE CREATION PLAN

DELIVERING HIGHER LEVELS OF PROFITABILITY IS DIRECTLY TIED TO 
ESTABLISHING A HIGHLY EFFICIENT, LOW COST SUPPLY CHAIN. WE WILL 
REALIZE SAVINGS FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES EVERY YEAR UNTIL THESE 
IMPROVEMENTS ARE COMPLETED BY 2015. 

through implementing SAP

standardized or rationalized  
in our prepared meats business, 
reducing costs and complexity

Completing Our Fresh Pork Restructuring – 
We completed the restructuring of this 
business with the sale of our pork 
processing facility in Ontario. This reduced 
the number of hogs we process annually by 
approximately two million, with processing 
now concentrated in our world-class facility 
in Brandon. This new business model has 
made our fresh pork operations consistently 
more profitable and competitive on a 
North American scale. 

Simplifying Our Prepared Meats Product 
Mix – In 2010, we had thousands of 
unique products (SKUs) in our prepared 
meats business, many with imperceptible 
differences. In 2011, we focused on 
streamlining our bacon, wieners and 
sliced meat categories and eliminated or 
standardized over 1,000 SKUs. This first 
phase of “Simplify” contributed materially 
to our operating earnings. We are seeing 
longer runs and fewer changeovers in 
our plant processes as well as lower 
raw material and packaging costs. Our 
customers and consumers also benefit 
from better category management and 
simpler, more organized and attractive 
product displays. We will continue this 
initiative through 2012 and 2013. 

Implementing SAP – We are over 60% 
through consolidating more than 40 legacy 
systems and disparate business processes 
into one integrated operating platform and 
plan to be completed in 2013. In 2011, 
we completed 19 “go-lives”. In 2012, the 
primary focus is on implementing SAP in 
our prepared meats, fresh prepared foods 
and rendering operations. We are also 
beginning to mine the business intelligence 
provided by this integrated, real-time 
system to enhance how we manage our 
businesses. The major tangible cost 
reduction opportunity with an integrated 
systems platform is the transition to a 
shared services organization, enabling 
the consolidation of disparate back-office 
centres into one central organization 
beginning in 2013.

Our value creation plan has been developed 
to vastly increase productivity in our supply 
chain – taking out costs and increasing 
efficiency, all of which is within our control. 
It requires closing a further six sub-scale 
plants and four distribution centres and 
consolidating production into larger, modern 
facilities where we can realize the benefits 
of scale and world-class technologies. We 
expect production volume per plant to 
increase by over 2.5 times and production 
per employee to increase over 1.6 times.

PROGRESS ON OUR VALUE CREATION PLAN

| 

 AR 2011 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

|  11

Volumes Aggregated into Centres of Excellence

The consolidation of our prepared meats manufacturing will reduce complexity. Longer runs and fewer 
changeovers will significantly improve productivity and efficiency. With production in large volume 
categories concentrated in four facilities, our overhead, transportation and warehousing costs will be 
reduced and the entire business will operate with a streamlined supply chain and lower cost structure.

BEFORE

Berwick

Surrey

Toronto (Bartor)

Kitchener

Hamilton

Moncton

Winnipeg (Panet)

North Battleford

Brampton

Winnipeg

Saskatoon

AFTER

Brampton

Winnipeg

Saskatoon

New Build
(Hamilton)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

 Bacon     Deli/Sliced Meats     Value-added Ham     Smoked Sausage     Fresh/Frozen Sausage     Wieners     Other 

We will realize savings from multiple 
sources every year until our supply chain 
improvements are completed in 2015.  
We expect 60% of the savings to come from 
the following areas: 

The balance of the improvements will come 
from reduced packaging and raw material 
costs, increased distribution and storage 
efficiencies and lower sales, general and 
administrative (SG&A) expenses. 

•	  Enhanced throughput and productivity 

from scale and technologies 

•	  Improved product yield, waste 

reduction and packaging

•	  Lower total overhead,  

including labour, overhead  
and shipping costs 

We are confident that the improved 
productivity and lower costs resulting  
from our plan initiatives will drive  
increased earnings.

We expect production volume  
per plant to increase by >2.5x  
and production per employee  
to increase by >1.6x.

  
 
12 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

| 

AR 2011 

| 

 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Corporate Social Responsibility – Doing What’s Right 

Meeting and exceeding consumer needs for high-quality, nutritious and innovative 
food products also means doing what’s right for our employees, our environment 
and our communities.

FOOD SAFETY

WORKPLACE SAFETY

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

We are making excellent progress on the 
journey to becoming a global leader in food 
safety, starting with the standardization 
of Maple Leaf’s Food Safety Quality 
Management Systems in all of our food 
manufacturing plants. We achieved this 
through the Global Food Safety Initiative 
(“GFSI”) benchmarked British Retail 
Consortium certification, with consistent 
high standards of quality, safety, and 
operational criteria. We are working with our 
co-manufacturers to ensure they achieve 
equivalent certification. In 2011, we also 
launched an internal audit program to ensure 
we consistently meet our own strict standards. 

In collaboration with the University of 
Guelph and the Canadian Research Institute 
for Food Safety, we have delivered a unique 
Food Safety Foundations education program 
to over 1,250 Maple Leaf employees.  
We have also launched an on-line training 
platform in our manufacturing facilities for 
plant employees, and established a robust 
14-step food safety risk assessment process 
that is now an integral part of all new 
product development at Maple Leaf Foods. 

Becoming a leader in food safety requires 
staying current on global best practices, 
technologies and emerging food safety risks. 
We continued to work with our Food Safety 
Advisory Council, which is composed of 
external global food safety experts. We also 
brought industry, scientists and government 
together at our third annual Food Safety 
Symposium to debate how the food industry, 
government, academia and consumers 
could collaborate more effectively toward the 
goal of eradicating foodborne illness. 

2011 marked our 10th consecutive year of 
continuous improvement in reportable injury 
frequency. Across all Maple Leaf operations, 
we achieved a 12.7% improvement in our 
Occupational Health & Safety reportable 
frequency compared to 2010, an 
achievement that is among the best in the 
food industry. 

We track and communicate our workplace 
safety record each month across all 
facilities and take the results extremely 
seriously. Workplace safety and well-run 
facilities go hand in hand. We are proud of 
our track record and the safety culture that 
is entrenched at all of our facilities.

COMMUNITY OUTREACH

As one of Canada’s leading food companies, 
we have a responsibility to give back to our 
communities and to work with others to 
enhance food security and sustainability.  
In 2011, we raised and donated well  
over $1.5 million to support community 
organizations that help disadvantaged 
citizens, which included donations of meat 
and bakery products to food banks and 
organizations across Canada and in the U.S. 
and the U.K. We expanded our Community 
Outreach Policy, and our employees 
embraced a campaign with UNICEF to 
raise $100,000 for famine relief in the 
Horn of Africa. Maple Leaf has enshrined 
the importance of employee volunteerism, 
providing our people with paid days off and 
the opportunity to participate in sabbaticals 
to lend their time and talents to make a 
difference in local and global communities. 

We’ve continued to make progress to reduce 
the impact on the environment from  
our operations. Given the urgency of issues 
related to environmental degradation,  
we recognize that more needs to and will  
be done. 

Maple Leaf has invested over $85 million  
in environmental control systems  
and $10 million annually to manage our 
environmental programs. 

•	  In 2011, we reduced energy intensity 
by 0.48% compared to the prior 
year. We also reduced our absolute 
greenhouse gas generation by 1.2% 

•	  The majority of our raw materials  

and ingredients come from  
Canadian sources

•	  On average, over 90% of our 

manufacturing waste is diverted  
from landfills and beneficially  
reused or recycled  

•	  Our new bakery in Hamilton, Ontario 
was constructed to Leadership in 
Energy and Environmental Design 
(LEED®) Silver standards and is 
currently in the verification stage prior 
to certification

•	  Our newest office in Mississauga, 

Ontario, which houses our 
ThinkFOOD! product innovation centre, 
was built to LEED® Gold standards  
for the building core and shell

•	  We sold over 45 million litres of bio-

diesel fuel, produced from waste fats 
and recycled grease and cooking oils 

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

| 

 AR 2011 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

|  13

AS ONE OF CANADA’S LEADING FOOD COMPANIES, WE HAVE A 
RESPONSIBILITY TO GIVE BACK TO OUR COMMUNITIES AND TO WORK 
WITH OTHERS TO ENHANCE FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY. 

ANIMAL WELFARE

A HIGH-IMPACT CULTURE

Respect for the well-being, proper handling 
and humane slaughter of all animals 
within our care is a social and ethical 
responsibility. It requires maintaining 
respect for the animals while providing 
consumers with high-quality, wholesome 
and affordable food. Strict adherence to 
our animal welfare policy is monitored 
and enforced. Maple Leaf retains humane 
handling experts to inspect our hog and 
poultry primary processing facilities,  
which are also regularly monitored by  
the Canadian Food Inspection Agency  
and veterinarians.

We support our commitment to animal 
welfare by:

•	  Providing employees with knowledge 
and skills in proper animal handling 
and welfare practices

•	  Enforcing a ZERO tolerance policy for 
abuse of animals within our care

•	  Routinely testing the effectiveness  
of our practices and procedures 
based on quantifiable animal  
well-being guidelines

•	  Working with producers and 

transportation companies who share 
our commitment to upholding high 
standards of animal welfare

Maple Leaf has a deeply rooted values-
based culture that defines what we hold 
important and what we expect of each other. 
These values represent our compass and 
underpin all aspects of our organization: the 
people we attract, how we act, the decisions 
we make and our business success. 

Do what’s right... by always acting with 
integrity, which is fundamental to respecting 
where we work and who we work with, and 
having our customers, suppliers, communities 
and other stakeholders respect us.

Deliver winning results... by expecting 
to win, by owning personal and collective 
accountability to deliver, and by taking 
appropriate risks without fear of failure, 
while challenging for constant improvement. 

Build collaborative teams... by attracting 
only the best people, by serving, recognizing 
and rewarding their development and 
success, and by fostering a collaborative 
and open environment with the freedom 
to disagree, but always making timely 
decisions and aligning behind them. 

Get things done in a fact-based, 
disciplined way… by seizing the initiative 
with the highest level of urgency and 
energy and by meeting all commitments 
responsively while being objective, analytical 
and using effective processes. 

Learn and grow, inwardly and outwardly...
by being introspective personally and 
organizationally, by freely admitting 
mistakes or development needs, and by 
deeply understanding and connecting with 
consumers and stakeholders globally as 
primary sources of learning and growth. 

Dare to be transparent, passionate and 
humble... by having a culture where people 
are encouraged to speak openly, act with 
passion, and value collective success over 
personal success. 

Our deep commitment to a strong values-
based culture resulted in the Company 
being recognized again this year as one 
of Canada’s Top Corporate Cultures by 
Waterstone Capital. 

raised and donated to support 
community organizations

spent each year since 2000 to  
manage our environmental programs

  
 
14 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

| 

AR 2011 

| 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Corporate Governance and Board of Directors

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Board of Directors and Management of the Company are committed to maintaining a high standard of corporate governance. The Board 
has responsibility for the overall stewardship of the Company and discharges such responsibility by reviewing, discussing and approving 
the Company’s strategic planning and organizational structure and supervising Management with a view to preserving and enhancing the 
underlying value of the Company. Management of the business within this process and structure is the responsibility of the Chief Executive 
Officer and senior Management.

The Board has adopted guidelines to assist it in meeting its corporate governance responsibilities. The role of the Board, the Chief Executive 
Officer, the Chairman and the individual committees are clearly delineated. Together with the Chairman and the Corporate Governance 
Committee, the Board assesses its processes and practices regularly to ensure its governance objectives are met.

COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The Board is composed of experienced directors with a diversity of relevant skills and competencies. The Board of Directors has assessed 
each of the Company’s 11 non-management directors to be independent. 

A more comprehensive analysis of the Company’s approach to corporate governance matters is included in the Management Proxy Circular 
for the May 2, 2012 annual meeting of shareholders.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

W. GEOFFREY BEATTIE

JEFFREY GANDZ

J. SCOTT McCAIN

President and Chief Executive Officer,  

Professor, Managing Director – Program 

President and Chief Operating Officer,  

The Woodbridge Company  

(Investment company)

Design, Richard Ivey School of Business, 

Agribusiness Group, Maple Leaf Foods Inc.

University of Western Ontario

MICHAEL H. McCAIN

GREGORY A. BOLAND

JAMES F. HANKINSON

President and Chief Executive Officer, 

President and Chief Executive Officer,  

Corporate Director

Maple Leaf Foods Inc.

West Face Capital Inc. (Investment manager)

JOHN L. BRAGG, O.C.

Chairman, President and  

Co-Chief Executive Officer,  

Oxford Frozen Foods (Food manufacturing)

PURDY CRAWFORD, C.C.

Counsel, Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt 
(Law firm)

CHAVIVA M. HOŠEK, O.C.

DIANE E. McGARRY

President and Chief Executive Officer,  

Corporate Director

The Canadian Institute for Advanced 

Research (Research institute)

CLAUDE R. LAMOUREUX, O.C.

Corporate Director

JAMES P. OLSON

Corporate Director

GORDON RITCHIE

Principal Advisor, Hill & Knowlton Canada 

(Government and public relations company)

 
SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND OFFICERS

| 

 AR 2011 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

|  15

Senior Management and Officers

COMMITTEES OF  
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Standing Committees

Audit Committee

D.E. McGARRY, CHAIR

J.L. BRAGG

J.F. HANKINSON

C.R. LAMOUREUX

J.P. OLSON

CORPORATE COUNCIL

MICHAEL H. McCAIN

President and Chief Executive Officer

J. SCOTT McCAIN

RANDALL D. HUFFMAN

Chief Food Safety Officer

E. JEFFREY HUTCHINSON

Chief Information Officer

President and Chief Operating Officer,  

BILL KALDIS

Agribusiness Group

Senior Vice-President, Logistics

RICHARD A. LAN

GARY MAKSYMETZ

Chief Operating Officer, Food Group

President, Maple Leaf Consumer Foods

MICHAEL H. VELS

RORY A. McALPINE

Corporate Governance Committee

Executive Vice-President and  

Vice-President, Government and 

J.F. HANKINSON, CHAIRMAN

Chief Financial Officer

Industry Relations

W.G. BEATTIE

G.A. BOLAND

P. CRAWFORD

C.M. HOŠEK

Environment, Health and  
Safety Committee

J. GANDZ, CHAIRMAN

J.L. BRAGG

C.M. HOŠEK

D.E. McGARRY

J.P. OLSON 

G. RITCHIE

Human Resources and  
Compensation Committee

G. RITCHIE, CHAIRMAN

W.G. BEATTIE

G.A. BOLAND

P. CRAWFORD

J. GANDZ

C.R. LAMOUREUX

DOUGLAS W. DODDS

Chief Strategy Officer

BARRY McLEAN

President, Canada Bread Fresh Bakery

LES DAKENS

RÉAL MÉNARD

Senior Vice-President and  

Chief Human Resources Officer

ROCCO CAPPUCCITTI

Senior Vice-President, Transactions & 

Administration and Corporate Secretary

LYNDA KUHN

Senior Vice-President, Communications

President, Canada Bread Frozen Bakery

DEBORAH K. SIMPSON

Senior Vice-President, Finance

PETER C. SMITH

Vice-President, Corporate Engineering

SIMON WOOKEY

President, Fresh Prepared Foods

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
(Includes members of the Corporate Council and Senior 
Operating Management as follows)

RICHARD YOUNG

Executive Vice-President,Transformation,  

Maple Leaf Consumer Foods

PETER BAKER

President, Maple Leaf Bakery U.K.

OTHER CORPORATE OFFICERS

KENNETH G. CAMPBELL

Senior Vice-President, Manufacturing

J. NICHOLAS BOLAND

Vice-President, Investor Relations

MARYANNE D. CHANTLER

Senior Vice-President, Six Sigma

CATHERINE BRENNAN

Vice-President and Treasurer

KEVIN P. GOLDING

President, Rothsay and  

Maple Leaf Agri-Farms

STEPHEN GRAHAM

Chief Marketing Officer

GLEN L. GRATTON

Vice-President, Maple Leaf Agri-Farms

DIANNE SINGER

Assistant Corporate Secretary

  
 
16 

|  MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

| 

AR 2011 

| 

 FINANCIAL REVIEW 2011

Financial Review 2011

FEBRUARY 27, 2012

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) provides 
Management’s perspective on the results of operations and 
financial condition for Maple Leaf Foods Inc. 

It should be read in conjunction with the audited annual 
financial statements and notes presented in this report.

FINANCIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Management’s discussion and analysis 

Independent auditors’ report 

Consolidated balance sheets 

Consolidated statements of earnings 

Consolidated statements of comprehensive loss 

Consolidated statements of changes in total equity 

Consolidated statements of cash flows 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 

1

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

management’s discussion and analysis 

February 27, 2012 

THE BUSINESS 

Maple Leaf Foods Inc. (“Maple Leaf Foods” or the “Company”) is a leading Canadian-based value-added meat, meals 
and bakery company committed to delivering quality food products to consumers around the world. Headquartered in 
Toronto, Canada, the Company employs approximately 19,500 people at its operations across Canada and in the 
United States, Europe and Asia. 

OPERATING SEGMENTS 

The Company’s results are organized into three segments: Meat Products Group, Agribusiness Group and Bakery 
Products Group. 

The Meat Products Group includes value-added prepared meats, lunch kits, and value-added fresh pork, poultry and 
turkey products. 

The Agribusiness Group includes hog production, animal by-products recycling and bio-diesel operations. 

The combination of the Company’s Meat Products Group and Agribusiness Group comprises the Protein Group, which 
includes the production and marketing of fresh and prepared meats and by-product recycling.  

The Bakery Products Group is comprised of Maple Leaf Foods 90.0% ownership in Canada Bread Company, Limited 
(“Canada Bread”), a producer of fresh and frozen value-added bakery products, and fresh pasta and sauces. 

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 

In 2011, sales decreased 1.5% to $4,893.6 million compared to $4,968.1 million last year. After adjusting for the 
impact of divestitures and a stronger Canadian dollar, sales increased by 4.7% primarily as a result of higher selling 
prices.  

Adjusted Operating Earnings(1) increased 20.8% to $259.0 million in 2011 compared to $214.5 million last year, driven 
by strong performance in the Protein Group. Adjusted Earnings per Share(2) increased to $1.01 in 2011, including 
$12.2 million ($0.09 per share) related to tax adjustments associated with a prior acquisition, compared to $0.73 in the 
prior year.  

Net earnings increased to $87.3 million ($0.59 basic earnings per share) in 2011 compared to $35.6 million ($0.22 
basic earnings per share) last year. Net earnings included the impact of $79.8 million ($0.41 per share) of pre-tax costs 
related to restructuring activities (2010: $81.1 million).  

Several items are excluded from the discussions of underlying earnings performance. These include restructuring 
charges, mark-to-market adjustments on hedging contracts that are not designated in a hedging relationship and 
mark-to-market adjustments related to biological assets. Restructuring charges are excluded as they do not reflect the 
continuing earnings performance of the business. Mark-to-market adjustments do not reflect the economic effect of the 
hedging transactions and are excluded from earnings discussions until the underlying asset is sold or transferred. 
Refer to the section entitled Non-IFRS Financial Measures at the end of this Management Discussion and Analysis on 
page 41 for a description and reconciliation of all non-IFRS financial measures. 

Notes:  

(1)   Adjusted Operating Earnings measures are defined as earnings from operations before restructuring and other related costs and 

associated gains, other income and the impact of the change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps, unrealized (gains) 
losses on commodity futures contracts and the change in fair value of biological assets.  

(2)   Adjusted  Earnings  per  Share  (“Adjusted  EPS”)  measures  are  defined  as  basic  earnings  per  share  adjusted  for  the  impact  of 
restructuring  and  other  related  costs  and  associated  gains,  the  impact  of  the  change  in  fair  value  of  non-designated  interest  rate 
swaps, unrealized (gains) losses on commodity futures contracts and the change in fair value of biological assets, net of tax and non-
controlling interest.  

Please refer to the section entitled Non-IFRS Financial Measures starting on page 41 of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
for description and reconciliation of all non-IFRS financial measures.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

The following table summarizes selected financial information for the three years ended December 31: 

($ millions except earnings per share (“EPS”) figures) 

2011  

2010  

2009(ii)   

Sales 

Adjusted Operating Earnings(i) 

EBITDA(i) 

EBITDA %(i) 

Net earnings  

Adjusted Earnings per Share(i) 

Basic EPS 

Diluted EPS 

Total assets 

Net Debt(i) 

Total long-term liabilities 

Return on Net Assets (“RONA”)(i) 

Cash provided by operating activities 

Cash dividends per share 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4,893.6 

259.0 

391.2 

8.0% 

87.3  

1.01 

0.59 

0.58  

2,940.5 

984.0 

1,421.6 

10.0% 

244.8 

0.16  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4,968.1  

214.5  

357.9  

7.2% 

35.6   

0.73  

0.22  

0.21   

2,834.9  

901.8  

756.2  

8.6% 

285.2  

0.16   

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

5,221.6   

196.1   

349.2   

6.7 % 

52.1    

0.57   

0.40   

0.39    

3,057.5   

1,015.6   

1,049.9   

5.9 % 

89.2   

0.16    

(i) 

Refer to the section entitled Non-IFRS Financial Measures starting on page 41 of this document. 

(ii)  2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), effective on or before January 1, 

2010. 

DISCUSSION OF FACTORS IMPACTING THE COMPANY’S OPERATIONS AND RESULTS 

Fluctuating Input Prices 

In 2011, prices of many commodities that influence cost of production in the Company’s business continued to 
increase, which pressured margins for Maple Leaf Foods and the food industry. Commodities or products used by the 
Company that increased in price included live hogs, live chicken, fresh pork, wheat, corn and crude oil. To manage the 
impact of these higher costs, Management implemented price increases across the majority of the Company’s products, 
although at times these increases were outpaced by the rise in raw material costs. In addition, the Company 
implemented several cost containment and operational improvement initiatives, and in certain instances purchased 
commodities on a forward fixed price basis to manage fluctuations in commodity prices. 

2 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

The following table outlines the change in key commodity values that affected the Company’s business and financial 
results: 

As at December 31, 

Annual averages 

2011(i) 

2011 

2010 

Change 

2009 

Pork cutout (USD per cwt)(ii) 

$ 

  86.85   $ 

   93.65   $ 

    81.10  

15.5%   $ 

    58.04  

Composite primal values (USD per cwt)(ii) 

   Belly 

   Ham 

   Trim 

$  108.30   $ 

 122.77   $ 

  106.38  

15.4%   $ 

    76.61  

$ 

$ 

 70.06   $ 

   77.48   $ 

    73.00  

6.1%   $ 

    46.28  

  76.84   $ 

   87.57   $ 

    77.94  

12.4%   $ 

    42.61  

Market price per hog (CAD per hog)(ii) 

$  158.62   $ 

 164.88   $ 

  140.36  

17.5%   $ 

  119.58  

Market price per hog (USD per hog)(ii) 

$  155.25   $ 

 166.76   $ 

  136.27  

22.4%   $ 

  104.42  

Poultry meat market price (CAD per kg)(iii) 

$ 

    3.33   $ 

     3.31   $ 

      3.32  

(0.3)%  $ 

      3.28  

Poultry live bird cost (CAD per kg)(iii) 

$ 

    1.65   $ 

     1.60   $ 

      1.39  

15.1%   $ 

      1.45  

Wheat (USD per bushel)(iv) 

$ 

    8.50   $ 

     9.07   $ 

      6.23  

45.6%   $ 

      6.06  

Corn (USD per bushel)(iv) 

$ 

    6.47   $ 

     6.80   $ 

      4.27  

59.3%   $ 

      3.76  

Soybeans (USD per bushel)(iv) 

Oil (USD per barrel)(iv) 

$ 

$ 

  11.99   $ 

   13.17   $ 

    12.87  

2.3%   $ 

    10.20  

  98.83   $ 

   94.88   $ 

    79.48  

19.4%   $ 

    61.95  

(i) 

Spot prices for the week ended December 31, 2011 based on CME (Ontario hogs) or WCB (Western Canada hogs) (Source: USDA) 

(ii)  Five-day average of CME or WCB (Source: USDA) 

(iii)  Market price (Source: Express Market Inc.) and Live Cost (Source: Chicken Farmers of Ontario) 

(iv)  Daily close prices (Sources: Bloomberg, CBOT, Minneapolis Wheat Exchange) 

During 2011, the Company’s fresh poultry processing margins were significantly pressured as live bird costs increased 
over 15%, while market prices for fresh meat were consistent with last year. Higher live bird costs, which peaked 
during the fourth quarter, were driven by higher feed costs. 

Increases in fresh meat prices, most notably pork and beef, placed pressure on margins in the prepared meats 
business. The increases were also sustained, and in certain times in the year rose more quickly than the pricing cycle 
for the respective products. By the fourth quarter, pricing levels had mostly offset cost increases experienced earlier in 
the year. However, earnings during the year were impacted by the lag between the effective date of the price increases 
and the rise in raw material costs. In the fourth quarter, a period when prices are seasonally reduced, fresh meat input 
costs continued to be unexpectedly high, which impacted margins. As a result, Management intends to implement 
further price increases in 2012. 

Pork processing margins were also impacted during the year by increases in live hog costs which outpaced higher  
fresh pork values. The reduction in pork processing margins was most notable when compared with unusually high 
margins during the fourth quarter of 2010. However the Company was able to offset these weaker markets with 
efficiency improvements and improved sales mix, resulting in stronger earnings for the full year in its primary pork 
processing operations. 

Hog producers in North America benefited from higher market prices in 2011. However, this was partly offset by higher 
feed costs and a stronger Canadian dollar, which reduced the value of Canadian hogs. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Wheat, dairy and fuel constitute significant input costs to the Company’s bakery operations. Wheat prices, which had 
begun rising in the last six months of 2010, were more than 75% higher in the first six months of 2011 compared to 
the same period in 2010 and, despite some moderate declines in the second half of the year, remained at fairly high 
levels for the remainder of 2011. Dairy costs, in particular, butter and cheese, also increased significantly in 2011.  

The pace of wheat price increases in late 2010 and early 2011, together with increases in other commodities such as 
fuel and dairy, led to margin compression in the Company’s bakery operations, particularly during the first half of the 
year. Price increases were implemented across all bakery operations throughout 2011 and forward contracts were 
utilized to provide some protection against the effects of higher wheat costs; however, the Company was not able to 
fully recover all cost increases during the year. The stronger Canadian dollar in 2011 partly offset the effect of higher 
wheat prices in the Canadian operations. 

Impact of Currency 

The following table outlines the changes in currency rates that have affected the Company’s business and financial 
results: 

As at December 31, 

Annual averages 

2011 

2011 

2010  Change 

2009 

U.S. dollar / Canadian dollar(i) 

Japanese yen / Canadian dollar(i) 

$ 

$ 

     0.98  

   75.70  

$ 

$ 

     1.01   $ 

     0.97  

4.3%   $ 

     0.88  

   80.68   $ 

   85.24  

(5.3)%  $ 

   82.24  

(i) 

Source: Bank of Canada daily closing rates 

The Canadian dollar strengthened 4.3% on average in 2011 relative to the U.S. dollar. In general, a stronger Canadian 
dollar compresses margins in the Company’s primary pork processing operations, and to a lesser extent in the 
rendering operations, as sales values for export products are reduced. Conversely, a stronger Canadian dollar 
decreases the cost of raw materials and ingredients in the domestic prepared meats and fresh bakery businesses. The 
branded packaged goods businesses are able over time to react to changes in input costs through pricing, cost 
reduction or investment in value-added products. However, over the longer term, a stronger Canadian dollar also 
reduces the relative competitiveness of the domestic Canadian packaged goods operation, as imports of goods from the 
U.S. become more competitive. The Company is implementing a strategy to reduce costs and improve productivity in 
order to compete more effectively with large U.S. food companies. 

Overall for 2011, currency rate changes did not have a material net impact on earnings. 

The stronger Canadian dollar in 2011 reduced earnings from the Company’s fresh pork export sales. With the 
completion of the sale of the primary processing facility in Burlington, Ontario, which processed approximately two 
million hogs annually, the Company’s exposure to currency-affected exports has been significantly but not fully 
reduced. 

Hog production operations are exposed to changes in currency, as the sales value of hogs is pegged to the U.S. dollar. 
A stronger Canadian dollar in 2011 decreased the selling price of Canadian hogs compared to the prior year; however, 
as almost all of the Company’s hogs are transferred to its pork operations in Brandon, Manitoba, this resulted in an 
offsetting reduction to the price of hogs in Brandon. 

The stronger Canadian dollar provided some benefit to the Company’s domestic bakery businesses, as it partially 
reduced the cost of wheat and other ingredients priced in U.S. dollars. However, this was insufficient to offset the 
significant increase in input costs. 

4 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Value Creation Plan 

Maple Leaf Foods has completed a detailed analysis of costs within its businesses to determine opportunities to 
increase efficiencies and margins. The Company has also done extensive research to benchmark its costs against large 
North American food companies with whom it competes. The result of this research and analysis has identified a 
significant opportunity to increase profitability and margins through changes in its supply chain, systems and pricing 
strategies, what the Company describes as its Value Creation Plan (“Plan”).  

Maple Leaf Foods is implementing this Plan in order to significantly increase margins, now and in each year through 
2015. The Plan focuses largely on reducing costs in its prepared meats business through reducing product complexity, 
closing plants and consolidating production and distribution into scale facilities or “centres of excellence”. The Plan 
also includes cost reductions related to the new scale fresh bakery in Hamilton, Ontario, the implementation of SAP, 
and more effective pricing strategies. These and other initiatives are expected to deliver earnings before interest, tax, 
depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) margins of 9.5% in 2012 and 12.5% in 2015.  

The Value Creation Plan encompasses the key categories in prepared meats which are bacon, deli and sliced meats, 
value-added ham, smoked sausage, wieners, and fresh and frozen sausage. Categories that are out of scope include 
primary pork and chicken, value-added chicken, Italian specialty, canned meats, lunch kits, roasts and meal solutions, 
and potato and pastry products. 

Near-Term Value Creation Initiatives – 2011 Progress  

Complexity Reduction 

In 2011, the Company benefited from cost reduction initiatives by standardizing product formulations, sizes and 
specifications, and eliminating non value-added product lines in prepared meats. These complexity reduction initiatives 
generated immediate financial returns by creating longer, more efficient production runs, while also facilitating the 
shift of production to larger, scale facilities. The first phase of complexity reduction initiatives, which focuses on the 
categories of wieners, deli and sliced meats, sausage and value-added ham, is well underway. The next phase is 
expected to begin in 2012. 

Early Closure of Prepared Meats Plants 

During 2011, the Company completed the closure of two prepared meats facilities: a facility in Berwick, Nova Scotia, 
was closed in April and sold in June; and another plant in Surrey, British Columbia, was closed and sold in 
September. The production from these plants was transferred to other existing facilities. These early value creation 
initiatives were accretive to earnings in 2011.  

New Ontario Fresh Bakery Plant 

In 2011, the Company commissioned a new state-of-the-art fresh bakery in Hamilton, Ontario. The cost of this facility 
is estimated to be approximately $100 million, of which $71.2 million was spent in 2011. The facility started shipping 
product in July and now has four of a total of eight lines operating. Three bakeries in the Greater Toronto Area are 
being closed to consolidate production into the Hamilton facility. Two of them were closed in the first quarter of 2012, 
and the remaining bakery is expected to close in early 2013.  

Optimizing Pricing and Promotions 

Maple Leaf Foods is supporting margin growth in its consumer facing businesses through increasing the effectiveness 
of its pricing, promotions and category management strategies. This includes managing inflationary costs through 
appropriate price increases; reducing the percentage of products sold on promotion; increasing the impact of its in-
store promotional activities; and continuing to increase the value of its selling mix through innovation, brand building 
and effective category management. Supported by these initiatives, the Company realized strong margin growth in its 
prepared meats business in 2011.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

SAP Implementation 

As of the end of 2011 the Company had successfully completed 54 SAP go-lives, with 19 of them taking place during 
the year. As a result, some 60% of the Company’s businesses now operate on SAP, with increased controls and 
capabilities. The implementations for all fresh meats plants, U.K. bakery business and many of the North American 
bakery operations are now complete. The Company is on track to complete the SAP initiative in 2013.  

Longer-Term Initiatives – 2011 Progress 

Since the approval of the Value Creation Plan by the Board of Directors in the fall of 2010, the Company has made 
substantial progress in its execution. In October of 2011, the Company announced that its Board approved to invest 
approximately $560 million to support the next phase of its Value Creation Plan, including establishing a scale, low 
cost prepared meats network. When complete by 2015, the Company believes that it will be a more competitive and 
significantly more profitable business, with an excellent platform for growth.  

Rationalizing Prepared Meats Network 

The Company’s prepared meats network is the legacy of numerous acquisitions, resulting in many regional, sub-scale 
facilities. By 2014 the Company expects to consolidate prepared meats production from eight smaller facilities to three 
existing plants and one new facility in Hamilton, Ontario. Of these eight smaller plants, two, Berwick, Nova Scotia and 
Surrey, British Columbia, were closed during 2011. The remaining six plants in Kitchener, Hamilton, North Battleford, 
Moncton, Toronto and one small facility in Winnipeg, are expected to be closed by 2014. 

The new facility in Hamilton, Ontario, will require an investment of approximately $395 million and will focus on high 
efficiency production of wieners and deli meats, consolidating production from five existing plants.  

In addition, the Company expects to invest approximately $155 million to expand and upgrade three other existing 
facilities in Saskatoon, Winnipeg and Brampton. As illustrated below, the Saskatoon facility will specialize in cooked 
smoked sausages, wieners and meat snacks, the Winnipeg plant will become a centre of excellence for value-added 
ham products and bacon, and the Brampton location will focus on the production of boxed meats and fresh and frozen 
sausages. These expansions also provide additional production capacity to support growth from new product 
innovation. 

6 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Investing in Leading Edge Technologies 

As part of the transition to a more efficient scale network, the Company intends to implement proven technologies to 
reach world-class levels in product preparation, cooking, and packaging to enhance productivity and overall product 
quality, and further increase food safety levels.  

Increasing Productivity and Distribution Efficiencies 

The rationalization of sub-scale plants and the investments in new technologies are expected to enable Maple Leaf 
Foods to significantly increase plant productivity. Changes in the distribution network are also being made to reduce 
costs and improve efficiencies, involving the consolidation of operations from five distribution centres into two scale 
distribution centres by the end of 2014. The Company’s existing distribution centre located in Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan, will serve as the western hub, while a new facility will be constructed in Ontario to establish the 
eastern hub. Maple Leaf Foods intends to outsource operation of the Ontario distribution centre to a third party which 
specializes in logistics and warehousing. The facility is expected to be commissioned in 2013. 

A Simpler, Scale Prepared Meats Supply Network 

In all, Maple Leaf Foods is reducing its prepared meats manufacturing and distribution network by 10 facilities, 
including two plants and one distribution centre already closed during 2011. The network redesign is expected to 
result in a net loss of approximately 1,550 positions, largely to occur in 2014. 

The Company expects to realize savings from multiple sources across the organization well before the execution plan is 
complete in 2014. Simplification efforts are already showing results, derived from longer runs and fewer changeovers in 
the plants, as well as lower raw material and packaging costs. Throughout the life of the Value Creation Plan, 60% of 
the savings are expected to come from: 

 

 

 

 

Enhanced throughput and productivity from bigger scale and new technologies 

Improved product yield, reduced waste and better packaging 

Lower total overhead and reduced labour 

Reduced shipping costs. 

The benefits of this strategy are expected to allow Maple Leaf Foods to achieve EBITDA margins of 12.5% by 2015 in 
both its Protein and Bakery businesses, comparable to those of its U.S.-based competitors. For 2012, the Company 
expects to achieve combined EBITDA margins of 9.5%: 8.5% in Protein and 11.5% in Bakery. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Capital Investment Plan and Leverage Ratio 

By 2013, the Company expects to invest approximately $750 million to execute this Value Creation Plan, with $560 
million supporting its prepared meats network transformation, $100 million associated with the new fresh bakery in 
Hamilton, Ontario, and $90 million for the implementation of SAP. The Company expects to incur approximately $170 
million ($120 million cash cost) in restructuring charges in relation to these activities. Despite these higher investment 
levels Net-Debt-to-EBITDA leverage ratio is expected to remain below 3x during this period, largely driven by significant 
margin improvements. Moreover, debt maturities have been extended beyond peak-spending periods, with the first 
significant component coming due for refinancing at the end of 2014.  

In the second quarter of 2011, the Company had revised its estimate for capital expenditures for 2011 to be between 
$270 million and $290 million. Capital expenditures for 2011 were $229.2 million. While the level of investment in 
strategic projects was on track, capital investments in base business operations was lower than previously estimated 
due to changes in the timing of several smaller projects and increased focus on strategic capital projects. 

Systems Conversion 

In January 2009, the Company began an initiative to consolidate all of its information technology systems onto a single 
platform, in order to standardize processes, reduce costs and enable a transition to shared services structure. 
Management selected SAP software as its new platform and has since taken a rapid, carefully designed approach to 
implementation. The many successful implementations since the beginning of this initiative in 2009 have been enabled 
by changing existing business practices to standardized SAP processes, significantly limiting software modifications 
and rigorously controlling master data. SAP has brought new capabilities to some 60% of the Company’s operations, 
setting a strong foundation for better analytics and further efficiency gains. While Management is pleased with 
progress to date, the Company did experience some challenges with the implementation of SAP in its fresh bakery 
Western Canada operations during the fourth quarter of 2011. Despite these challenges, the project is on track to be 
completed in 2013. 

The following table summarizes the implementation schedule of the entire project: 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4  Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4  Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4  Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4 

Corporate Office 

North American  
Frozen Bakery 
Fresh Bakery 

Meat Products Group 

Agribusiness 

U.K. Frozen Bakery 

8 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

OPERATING REVIEW 

The following table summarizes sales by business segment for the three years ended December 31:  

($ millions) 

2011 

2010 

Change 

2009(i) 

 Meat Products Group  

 $      3,039.5  

 $      3,181.1  

(4.5)% 

 $      3,310.4  

 Agribusiness Group  

           259.6  

            199.5  

30.1%  

            206.1  

 Protein Group  

 $      3,299.1  

 $      3,380.6  

(2.4)% 

 $      3,516.5  

 Bakery Products Group  

1,594.5  

         1,587.5  

0.4%  

         1,705.1  

 Total Sales  

 $      4,893.6  

 $      4,968.1  

(1.5)% 

 $      5,221.6  

(i) 

2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or before January 1, 2010. 

The following table summarizes Adjusted Operating Earnings by business segment for the three years ended  
December 31: 

($ millions) 

2011 

2010 

Change 

2009(ii) 

Meat Products Group 

$           96.0  

 $           81.3  

18.1%  

 $          55.4  

Agribusiness Group 

             81.9  

              50.5  

62.2%  

            48.0  

Protein Group 

$         177.9  

 $         131.8  

35.0%  

 $        103.4  

Bakery Products Group 

             86.3  

              94.4  

(8.6)% 

           102.2  

Non-allocated Costs in Adjusted  

   Operating Earnings(i) 

(5.2) 

             (11.7) 

(55.9)% 

              (9.5) 

Adjusted Operating Earnings 

 $        259.0  

 $         214.5  

20.8%  

 $        196.1  

(i) 

Non-allocated costs comprise costs related to systems conversion and consulting fees. Management believes that not allocating these 
costs provides a more comparable assessment of operating results.  

(ii)  2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or before January 1, 2010. 

Meat Products Group 

Includes value-added prepared meats and lunch kits, and fresh pork, poultry and turkey products sold to retail, 
foodservice,  industrial and convenience channels. Includes leading Canadian brands such as Maple Leaf®, Schneiders® 
and many leading sub-brands. 

Sales decreased 4.5% to $3,039.5 million from $3,181.1 million in the prior year. Adjusting for the divestiture of the 
Company’s Burlington, Ontario, primary pork processing operation in November 2010, and the impact of a stronger 
Canadian dollar, which reduced the sales value of pork exports, sales increased by 3.8%. The increase was primarily 
due to higher market prices in fresh pork, price increases in prepared meats and value-added poultry, and improved 
sales mix in the prepared meats business. These benefits were partly offset by lower sales volumes in prepared meats, 
primarily during the first half of the year as consumers adjusted to higher prices. By the fourth quarter, volumes were 
comparable to the prior period.  

Adjusted Operating Earnings in 2011 increased 18.1% to $96.0 million compared to $81.3 million last year, as margin 
expansion in prepared meats and primary pork processing were partly offset by weaker poultry processing markets.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Earnings improved in prepared meats, as the business benefited from better product sales mix and early benefits from 
the Value Creation Plan, that were able to more than offset the net impact of significant raw material increases and 
volume declines. Price increases implemented during the first half of 2011 resulted in the Company recovering the 
impact of higher raw material costs during most of the year; however, they were insufficient to offset the unexpectedly 
strong input costs during the fourth quarter. In the first quarter of 2012, Management intends to implement price 
increases to address higher raw material costs. During the majority of the year, prepared meats volumes were lower 
than the prior year, as consumers adjusted to higher prices across the industry. 

Earnings in primary pork processing operations increased as a result of strong exports and improved product sales mix, 
despite lower industry primary pork processor margins in North America, particularly during the fourth quarter 
compared to very significant levels in the same period in 2010, and the unfavourable impact of a stronger Canadian 
dollar.  

Earnings in poultry processing operations declined significantly due to continued increases in live bird costs that 
peaked during the fourth quarter of 2011, which were not supported by a commensurate increase in meat costs. 

Agribusiness Group 

Consists of Canadian hog production and animal by-product recycling operations. 

Sales increased 30.1% to $259.6 million in 2011 from $199.5 million in 2010. This sales growth was due to higher 
selling prices driven by strong market values for both bio-diesel and rendered by-products for the full year, although 
markets were relatively weaker in the fourth quarter. Higher volumes in rendered by-products also contributed to 
higher sales.  

Adjusted Operating Earnings increased 62.2% to $81.9 million compared to $50.5 million last year, reflecting the 
benefit of strong prices for recycled by-products. 

Earnings in by-products recycling operations benefited from higher selling prices due to strong market values for both 
bio-diesel and rendered products that exceeded the impact of higher raw material costs. Earnings improved in hog 
production as a result of higher hog prices that were only partly offset by higher feed costs and the unfavourable 
impact of a stronger Canadian dollar. 

Bakery Products Group 

Includes fresh and frozen bakery products, including breads, rolls, bagels, specialty and artisan breads, sweet goods, 
and fresh pasta and sauces sold to retail, foodservice and convenience channels. It includes national brands such as 
Dempster’s®, Tenderflake®, Olivieri® and New York Bakery Co™, and many leading regional brands. 

Sales of $1,594.5 million in 2011 were consistent with $1,587.5 million in the prior year. After adjusting for the sale of 
the Company's fresh sandwich product line in February 2011 and currency translation on sales in the U.S. and U.K., 
sales increased 3.4%, primarily due to price increases implemented earlier in 2011. This benefit was slightly offset by 
lower sales volumes in the fresh bakery and North American frozen bakery businesses. 

Adjusted Operating Earnings for 2011 declined 8.6% to $86.3 million compared to $94.4 million last year. Margins 
were compressed as the price increases implemented earlier in 2011 were not sufficient to fully recover increased raw 
material and other inflationary costs. Although earnings benefited from operations efficiencies from network 
optimization initiatives in the Company’s frozen bakery business and reduced selling, general and administrative 
expenses, they were also impacted by approximately $6.1 million in duplicative overhead costs associated with the 
transition to the Company’s new fresh bakery in Hamilton, Ontario, and by approximately $2.5 million in costs due to 
supply chain disruptions related to the installation of SAP in the fresh bakery Western Canada operations during the 
fourth quarter. The sale of the Company’s fresh sandwich product line in the first quarter of 2011 also contributed to 
earnings improvements, as this business incurred losses in 2010.    

During most of the year, the Company continued to operate three smaller bakeries in the Greater Toronto Area as it 
gradually consolidates production to its new fresh bakery in Hamilton, Ontario. During this period the Company is 
incurring incremental overhead costs, which will be eliminated once all three bakeries are closed. Two of these plants 
were closed in the first quarter of 2012, and the remaining bakery is expected to close in early 2013. The concurrent 
operation of the new and existing bakeries during this transition period will result in further duplicative overhead costs 
in 2012, but to a lesser degree than in 2011.  The duplicative costs are consistent with expectations.    

  10 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

The incremental costs related to the SAP implementation primarily affected the fourth quarter as they were specific to 
disruptions related to installation of the system in Western Canada, and are not expected to materially impact 2012.    

During the year, as part of the network optimization initiatives, the Company closed its frozen bakery in Laval, Quebec, 
and fresh bakery in Delta, British Columbia, and transferred production to its other facilities. Similarly, in the U.K., 
the Company is consolidating production from several smaller plants to reduce costs and gain scale efficiencies. In the 
fourth quarter, the Company decided that it will close its bakery in Walsall, U.K., in early 2012 as part of the transition 
to optimize the manufacturing of morning goods and specialty bakery products, and expects to incur approximately 
$12.7 million in pre-tax restructuring and other related costs, $6.8 million of which will be cash expenses.  

Non-allocated Costs in Adjusted Operating Earnings 

Total costs that are not allocated to segmented adjusted operating earnings of $5.2 million for the year (2010: $11.7 
million) comprise $4.3 million (2010: $5.9 million) related to the implementation of SAP, $0.9 million (2010: $3.0 
million) of consulting fees relating to the Company’s Board renewal program, and $nil (2010: $2.8 million) related to 
research and benchmarking studies that formed the basis of the Company’s Value Creation Plan. These costs are 
included in Adjusted Operating Earnings.  

GROSS MARGIN 

Gross margin in 2011 was $767.2 million (15.7% of sales) compared to $748.9 million (15.1% of sales) last year. The 
increase in gross margin was due to margin expansion within the Protein Group, reflecting margin expansion in the 
prepared meats business as a result of improved product sales mix driven by innovation, operation efficiency gains, 
and strong results in the Company’s by-products recycling operations reflecting higher market prices for rendered and 
bio-diesel products. In the Bakery Products Group, gross margins declined mostly due to higher raw material costs and 
overall inflation that were not fully recovered through pricing during the year. Margins were further impacted in the 
fresh bakery business as result of duplicative overhead costs as the Company transfers production from three sub-
scale facilities to its new bakery in Hamilton, Ontario, and costs due to supply chain disruptions related to the 
installation of SAP in the fresh bakery Western Canada operations.  

SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES  

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 3.7% to $504.2 million in 2011 compared to $523.5 million 
last year, representing 10.3% and 10.5% of sales respectively. This decrease resulted from overhead cost reductions 
implemented earlier in the year in the Bakery Products Group, which helped compensate for margin compression as a 
result of higher raw material costs. In addition, advertising and promotional costs declined by $1.5 million due to 
timing of marketing and new product promotions. These promotional cost reductions were partly offset by higher 
investments in the U.K. to support the re-launch of the Company’s New York Bakery bagels during the first half of the 
year. Selling, general and administrative expenses were consistent with those of last year in the Protein Group, as 
reductions in general and administrative expenses were offset by higher selling costs and promotional expenses to 
support new product innovation, including Natural Selections and Schneider’s Country Naturals. General non-
allocated costs associated with consulting fees for the Company’s board renewal efforts as well as research and 
benchmarking studies were also lower in 2011. 

OTHER INCOME 

Other income for 2011 was $10.3 million compared to $0.2 million last year. In 2011, $7.0 million related to gains on 
the sale of property and equipment, and $1.7 million of insurance receipts related to a fire at the Company’s ham 
processing operations in Winnipeg, Manitoba.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER RELATED COSTS  

During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded restructuring and other related costs of $79.8 
million ($59.9 million after-tax).   

Of this pre-tax amount, the Company’s Meat Products Group incurred a total of $31.1 million in restructuring and 
other related costs. These costs include $26.5 million related to changes in its manufacturing and distribution network 
as part of implementing the Value Creation Plan comprising severance and other employee related benefits of $11.5 
million; accelerated depreciation on assets of $4.1 million; lease commitment cancellation costs of $4.7 million; and 
other cash costs of $6.2 million. Other restructuring costs incurred related to the closure of the Surrey, British 
Columbia, plant of $4.3 million and included severance and other employee related benefits of $3.7 million; and asset 
write-offs and cash costs of $0.6 million. The balance of the restructuring costs of $0.3 million was incurred in 
connection with other ongoing restructuring initiatives of the Company.  

The Company’s Bakery Products Group incurred a total $46.4 million in restructuring and other related costs in the 
year. Of this, $24.2 million was incurred by the U.K. bakery business, related to the closure of the Walsall, Cumbria 
and Park Royal plants. These costs include severance of $4.0 million, lease cancellation charges of $7.8 million, asset 
write downs and accelerated depreciation of $11.7 million and other costs of $0.7 million. The Company also incurred 
$9.3 million in restructuring costs related to the closure of the Laval, Quebec, frozen bakery and the Delta, British 
Columbia, fresh bakery and $2.9 million of restructuring costs related to the sale of the sandwich product line. The 
Company also incurred $7.5 million related to changes in management structure and related severance. The balance of 
the restructuring costs of $2.5 million was incurred in connection with other ongoing restructuring initiatives of the 
Company.  

The Company also recorded $2.3 million in restructuring costs for initiatives across the Company related to changes in 
management structure and related severances.  

During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company recorded restructuring and other related costs of $81.1 
million ($61.2 million after-tax). Of this pre-tax amount, $32.9 million related to an asset impairment charge on the 
Company’s Burlington, Ontario, pork processing facility. A further $13.1 million related to severances and asset write 
downs due to the planned closure of a prepared meats facility in Berwick, Nova Scotia. The Company’s bakery business 
also incurred $9.6 million in severance and retention costs related to the planned replacement of three bakeries in the 
Toronto area with one facility in Hamilton, Ontario. The balance of the restructuring costs was incurred in connection 
with the ongoing restructuring initiatives of the Company. 

  12 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

The following table provides a summary of costs recognized and cash payments made in respect of the above-
mentioned restructuring and other related costs as at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, all on a  
pre-tax basis: 

Severance

Site 
closing

Asset
impairment

and  
accelerated  

depreciation

Retention

Pension

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $ 26,760  

$   7,857  

$             –  

$     445  

$         –  

$  35,062  

Charges 

    22,262  

    20,312  

         25,312    

     2,549    

     9,360    

     79,795 

Cash payments 

   (23,330) 

   (11,356) 

                  –    

    (1,546)   

            –    

    (36,232) 

   Non-cash items 

             –  

            –  

      (25,312)  

            –     

    (9,360)    

    (34,672) 

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $ 25,692  

 $ 16,813  

   $             –     

 $  1,448     

 $         –     

 $   43,953  

  Severance

Site
closing

Asset
impairment
and
accelerated
depreciation

  Retention

Pension

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2010   

 $  11,414  

$   9,113  

$             –  

$       85  

$         –  

$   20,612  

Charges 

     26,306 

      8,543 

       45,575  

        384 

        300 

      81,108  

Cash payments 

    (10,462) 

     (9,799) 

               –  

         (24) 

            –    

     (20,285) 

   Non-cash items 

         (498)  

            –  

      (45,575) 

            –  

       (300)    

     (46,373) 

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $  26,760  

 $   7,857  

   $             –  

 $     445  

 $         –  

 $   35,062  

INTEREST EXPENSE  

Interest expense for the year was $70.7 million compared to $64.9 million last year. The impact of higher interest rates 
was partially offset by lower average debt balances and increased capitalization of borrowing costs. The Company’s 
average borrowing rate for 2011 was 6.0% (2010: 4.8%). As at December 31, 2011, 87.4% of indebtedness was fixed 
and not exposed to interest rate fluctuations, compared to 89.0% in the previous year.  

INCOME TAXES  

The Company’s income tax expense was comprised of tax on earnings from operations before restructuring charges 
and other related costs at a rate of 23.1% (2010: 28.7%) and taxes recoverable on restructuring and other related costs 
at a rate of 24.9% (2010: 24.6%).  The lower tax rate on operating earnings was a result of the Company recording 
income tax reductions aggregating $12.2 million for the year, primarily comprised of adjustments arising from a prior 
acquisition in its fresh bakery business. The Company’s effective tax rate for the year before these adjustments was 
29.5%. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES 

The Company has control over one publicly traded subsidiary that is consolidated into the Company’s results, Canada 
Bread Company, Limited. (“Canada Bread”), of which it owns 90.0%. Transactions between the Company and its 
consolidated entities have been eliminated on consolidation. 

McCain Foods Limited was partly owned by McCain Capital Corporation (“MCC”), which was a 31.3% shareholder, of 
the Company until December 2, 2011. On December 2, 2011, MCC reorganized their shareholdings such that they are 
no longer a related party of the Company. As a result of this, the Company is no longer a related party with McCain 
Foods Limited. For the period of the year that McCain Foods Limited was a related party, the Company recorded sales 
to McCain Foods Limited of $2.9 million (2010: $3.6 million) in the normal course of business and at market prices. 
Trade receivables from McCain Foods Limited as at December 31, 2010 were $0.1 million and as at January 1, 2010 
were $0.3 million.  

Day & Ross Transportation Group, a subsidiary of McCain Foods Limited, was a related party to the Company until 
December 2, 2011. For the period of the year that Day & Ross Transportation Group was a related party, the Company 
paid Day & Ross Transportation Group $6.2 million (2010: $4.9 million) for services in the normal course of business 
and at market prices. Trade payables to Day & Ross Transportation Group as at December 31, 2010 were $0.4 million 
and as at January 1, 2010 were $0.2 million. 

The Company sponsors a number of defined benefit and defined contribution plans as described in Note 9 in the 
consolidated financial statements. During 2011, the Company received $1.5 million (2010: $1.7 million) from the 
defined benefit pension plans for the reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Company to provide services to these 
plans. In 2011, the Company’s contributions to these plans were $33.3 million in 2011 (2010: $31.2 million).  

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and 
controlling the activities of the Company and or its subsidiary, directly or indirectly, including any external director of 
the Company and or its subsidiary. 

Remuneration of key management of the Company was comprised of the following expenses: 

 ($ thousands) 

2011 

2010 

Short-term employee benefits 

   Salaries, bonuses and fees 

   Company car allowance 

   Other benefits 

Total short-term employee benefits 

Post-employment benefits 

Share-based benefits 

Total remuneration 

 $       18,589  

 $       17,923  

               417  

               362  

               193  

               171  

 $       19,199  

 $       18,456  

               817  

               735  

          13,941  

          11,305  

 $       33,957  

 $       30,496  

During 2011, key management did not exercise any share options granted under the Company’s share incentive and 
option plans (2010: 280,800 options were exercised with total exercise price of $2.9 million). 

  14 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES 

During 2011, the Company recorded incentives from the Canadian government of $8.2 million (2010: $7.3 million) 
resulting from government support for the development of renewable energies. Also during 2011, the Company 
recorded incentives of $2.6 million from the Province of Ontario to purchase equipment required by the Canadian Food 
Inspection Agency, and $1.5 million in AgriStability benefits. During the year, the Company also recorded other 
incentives totalling $0.1 million (2010: $0.4 million). In 2010, the Company recorded incentives of $2.7 million from 
the Canadian government as part of its policy to compensate hog producers for losses in prior periods. These incentives 
were recorded as reductions of cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of earnings. Furthermore, in 2010, the 
Company received an interest free loan of $2.0 million from the Canadian government related to the construction of a 
new bakery in Hamilton, Ontario. The loan is repayable over a period of five years beginning in 2012. 

ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES 

During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company sold the assets of a poultry farm, including the sale of turkey 
commercial growing quota, to a third party for proceeds of $4.6 million. This transaction generated a gain on sale of 
$3.7 million, primarily related to the growing quota. 

In the third quarter of 2011, the Company sold its interest in a waste disposal business in Newfoundland for proceeds 
of $1.1 million. This transaction generated a gain on sale of $0.6 million. On September 30, 2011, the Company 
completed the sale of its prepared meats facility in Surrey, British Columbia for proceeds of $10.5 million and a gain 
on sale of $4.1 million. In addition, on September 30, 2011, Canada Bread acquired the business of Humber Valley 
Bakery, a small fresh bakery in Newfoundland for $0.6 million, with the value assigned to intangibles and customer 
relationships. The Company incorporated the production of the acquired business into its existing facilities. 

On April 11, 2011, the Company completed the sale of a bakery facility in Cumbria, U.K., which resulted in cash 
restructuring costs of $0.3 million. 

On February 18, 2011, the Company completed the sale of substantially all of the remaining assets that comprise its 
sandwich product line to Premium Brands Inc., a Canadian manufacturer of food products, for $8.0 million. The 
transaction resulted in total restructuring costs of $2.9 million, of which $0.6 million were cash costs, and a gain on 
sale of $0.9 million. As part of the conversion to International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), on January 1, 
2010 the Company recognized a goodwill impairment adjustment of $31.0 million.  

In the fourth quarter of 2010, assets held for sale at December 31, 2009 that related to the Company’s Burlington, 
Ontario, pork processing facility were sold.  

INVESTMENT IN CANADA BREAD COMPANY, LIMITED  

During the year, there was no change in the Company’s investment in Canada Bread. 

During the second quarter of 2010, the Company purchased 56,700 shares of Canada Bread for cash consideration of 
$2.7 million. This purchase increased the Company’s ownership interest in Canada Bread from 89.8% to 90.0%. The 
Company allocated $1.4 million of the purchase price to the net identifiable assets of Canada Bread at the acquisition 
date by reducing its non-controlling interest in the subsidiary. The remaining $1.3 million of consideration paid was 
recognized as a reduction to equity.  

CAPITAL RESOURCES  

The food industry segments in which the Company operates are generally characterized by high sales volume and rapid 
turnover of inventories and accounts receivable. In general, accounts receivable and inventories are readily convertible 
into cash. Investment in working capital is affected by fluctuations in the prices of raw materials, seasonal and other 
market-related fluctuations. For example, although an increase or decrease in pork or grain commodity prices may not 
affect margins, the pricing change can have a material effect on investment in working capital, primarily inventory and 
accounts receivable. Due to its diversity of operations, the Company has in the past consistently generated a strong 
base level of operating cash flow, even in periods of higher commodity prices and restructuring of its operations. These 
operating cash flows provide a base of underlying liquidity that the Company supplements with credit facilities to 
provide longer-term funding and to finance fluctuations in working capital levels. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

The Company had $267.7 million of debt which matured in 2011, including related cross-currency swaps. The 
maturity related to a bond repayment due in December 2011, which the Company funded by drawing on its credit 
facility.   

On May 16, 2011, the Company entered into a new four-year $800.0 million committed revolving credit facility with a 
syndicate of Canadian, U.S. and international institutions. The new credit facility replaced the Company’s $870.0 
million revolving credit facility that was due to mature on May 31, 2011. The new facility is unsecured and bears 
interest based on short-term interest rates. The credit facility matures on May 16, 2015. The facility is intended to be 
used to meet the Company’s funding requirements for general corporate purposes, and to provide appropriate levels of 
liquidity. The lending covenants in the new facility are largely consistent with the Company’s existing credit 
arrangements. The transaction is explained more fully in Note 13 in the consolidated financial statements.  

During 2010, the Company completed an agreement with a syndicate of banks, including the majority of the banks in 
its then currently existing revolving credit facility, to augment the Company’s primary revolving credit facility with a 
$250.0 million short-term bank lending facility that was due to mature on May 31, 2011. The Company remained 
undrawn on the facility throughout its duration. In the first quarter of 2011, the Company terminated the facility.  

The following table summarizes available and drawn debt facilities at December 31: 

($ millions) 

Credit facilities 

  Maple Leaf Foods Inc. 

  Subsidiaries 

Total available 

Drawn amount 

  Maple Leaf Foods Inc. 

  Subsidiaries 

  Letters of credit 

Total drawn 

% drawn 

2011 

2010 

 $      1,640.5 

 $      1,702.9  

             93.1 

             78.6  

 $      1,733.6     

 $      1,781.5  

 $      1,129.6  

 $         903.4  

             57.1  

             48.6  

           141.3  

            124.9  

 $      1,328.0     

 $      1,076.9  

76.6% 

60.4% 

To access competitively priced financing, and to further diversify its funding sources, the Company entered into two 
three-year committed accounts receivable securitization facilities in October 2010. These programs replaced the 
existing accounts receivable financing facilities. Under the new facilities, the Company sells certain accounts 
receivable, with very limited recourse, to an entity owned by an international financial institution with a long-term debt 
rating of AAA. The receivables are sold at a discount to face value based on prevailing money market rates. At the end 
2011, the Company had $254.3 million (2010: $265.2 million) of trade accounts receivable serviced under these 
facilities. In return for the sale of its trade receivables, the Company received cash of $155.8 million (2010: $156.2 
million) and notes receivable in the amount of $98.5 million (2010: $109.0 million). The maximum cash borrowings 
available to the Company under these programs is $170.0 million. 

These securitization facilities are subject to certain restrictions and require the maintenance of certain covenants. The 
Company was in compliance with all of the requirements of the facilities during the year. These facilities were 
accounted for as an off-balance sheet transaction under Canadian GAAP and continue to be accounted for in the same 
manner under IFRS effective January 1, 2011.  

The weighted average term of the Company’s debt is 4.9 years. 

Where cost effective to do so, the Company may finance automobiles, manufacturing equipment, computers and office 
equipment with operating lease facilities. 

  16 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES 

Capital expenditures for 2011 were $229.2 million compared to $162.3 million in 2010 driven by higher investments 
related to the Company’s Value Creation Plan.  

The increase in capital expenditures reflects strategic investments related to the Company’s Value Creation Plan, 
including investments in the new fresh bakery in Hamilton, Ontario, the continued implementation of a new SAP 
information system, which is replacing and harmonizing the Company’s systems across all its businesses, and 
investments related to network consolidation initiatives in the prepared meats business. 

As the Company focuses on its transformation agenda, capital expenditures in base business operations were lower 
than last year. The Company currently estimates its capital expenditures for the full year of 2012 to be approximately 
$435 million. The level of investment in strategic projects was on track to plan; however, Management now anticipates 
that capital investments in base business operations will be lower than previously estimated. 

CASH FLOW AND FINANCING 

Total debt, net of cash balances, was $984.0 million at the end of the year, compared to $901.8 million as at December 
31, 2010. The increase in debt for the year is largely due to cash flow from operations, offset by investment in property 
and equipment and settlement of cross-currency swaps related to U.S. dollar-denominated bond repayments in 2011. 

Cash Flow from Operating Activities 

Cash flow from continuing operations for the year was $244.8 million compared to $285.2 million last year. The 
decrease is mainly due to higher working capital levels in 2011 and higher cash tax payments, offset by an increase in 
earnings. 

Cash Flow from Financing Activities 

Cash flow from financing activities was an outflow of $56.0 million for the year compared to an outflow of $164.5 
million last year. The change is mainly due to the repayment of maturing debt in 2010 that was refinanced in 
December 2010 with the majority of the funding occurring in January 2011.  

The Company’s debt facilities are subject to certain restrictions and require the maintenance of certain debt and cash 
flow ratios. The Company was in compliance with all of the requirements of its lending agreements during 2011. As at 
December 31, 2011, net debt to EBITDA excluding the change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps was 
2.5x (2010: 2.5x) and net debt to EBITDA including the change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps was 
2.6x (2010: 2.7x).  

Cash Flow from Investing Activities 

Cash flow from investing activities was an outflow of $209.4 million for the year compared to an outflow of $161.6 
million last year, due to higher capital expenditures, partly offset by proceeds from the disposal of the prepared meats 
facility in Surrey, British Columbia. 

Capital expenditures on property and equipment for the year were $229.2 million compared to $162.3 million last year, 
primarily due to investments related to network consolidation initiatives in the prepared meats business and the new 
fresh bakery facility in Hamilton, Ontario. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

The following table provides information about certain of the Company’s significant contractual obligations as at 
December 31, 2011: 

Payments due by fiscal year: 

($ millions) 

Total 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016  Thereafter 

Long-term debt(i) 

$    947.6  

$    5.6  

$    6.1  

$ 210.3  

$ 343.0  

$  35.6  

 $ 347.0  

Cross-currency swaps 

related to long-term debt 

        34.9  

         –             –         36.3  

          –             –           (1.4) 

Contractual obligations 
including leases 

$    982.5  

$    5.6  

$    6.1  

$ 246.6  

$ 343.0  

$  35.6  

 $ 345.6  

     334.8  

    65.2  

    55.8  

     43.9  

     34.9  

    29.0  

    106.0  

$ 1,317.3  

$  70.8  

$  61.9  

$ 290.5  

$ 377.9  

$  64.6  

 $ 451.6  

(i)  Does not include contractual interest payments. 

As at December 31, 2011 the Company had entered into construction contracts of $109.9 million relating to the new 
bakery in Hamilton, Ontario, and the prepared meats network transformation project. 

Management is of the opinion that its cash flow and sources of financing provide the Company with sufficient 
resources to finance ongoing business requirements and its planned capital expenditure program for at least the next 
12 months. Additional details concerning financing are set out in Notes 13 and 22 in the consolidated financial 
statements. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 

Through the normal course of business the Company is exposed to financial and market risks that have the potential 
to affect its operating results. In order to manage these risks the Company operates under risk management policies 
and guidelines which govern the hedging of price and market risk in the foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity 
markets as well as funding and investing activities. 

The Company engages in hedging to manage price and market risk associated with core operating exposures, and does 
not engage in significant trading activity of a speculative nature. 

The Company’s Risk Management Committee meets frequently to discuss current market conditions, review current 
hedging programs and trading activity, and approve any new hedging or trading strategies. 

In order to limit the impact of market price fluctuations on operating results, the majority of core hedging programs are 
designated as hedging relationships and managed as part of the Company’s hedge accounting portfolio. 

Capital 

The Company’s objective is to maintain a cost effective capital structure that supports its long-term growth strategy 
and maximizes operating flexibility. In allocating capital to investments to support its earnings goals, the Company 
establishes internal hurdle return rates for capital initiatives. Capital projects are generally financed with senior debt 
and internal cash flows. 

The Company uses leverage in its capital structure to reduce the cost of capital, with the Company’s goal to maintain 
its primary credit ratios and leverage at levels that are designed to provide continued access to investment-grade credit 
pricing and terms. The Company measures its credit profile using a number of metrics, some of which are non-IFRS 
measures, primarily net debt to EBITDA and EBITDA to net interest expense. 

  18 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

In addition to senior debt and equity, the Company uses operating leases and very limited recourse accounts receivable 
securitization programs as additional sources of financing. 

The Company has maintained a stable dividend distribution that is based on the sustainable net earnings base. From 
time to time, the Company has purchased shares for cancellation pursuant to normal course issuer bids and to satisfy 
awards under its Restricted Share Unit plan, an equity compensation program established in 2006. The Company 
purchased 2.5 million shares in 2011 in respect of awards under the equity compensation program (2010: nil shares). 

For the year ended December 31, 2011, total equity decreased by $56.7 million to $930.1 million. During the same 
period, total debt net of cash and cash equivalents increased by $82.2 million to $984.0 million. 

Credit Risk 

Credit risk refers to the risk of losses due to failure of the Company’s customers and counterparties to meet their 
payment obligations.  

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to credit risk from its customers, substantially all of which 
are in the grocery and foodservice sectors. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of new and existing 
customers’ financial condition and reviews the collectibility of its trade accounts receivable and other receivables in 
order to mitigate any possible credit losses. As at December 31, 2011 approximately $0.8 million (2010: $0.8 million)  
of the Company’s accounts receivable were greater than 60 days past due, primarily due to timing issues related to a 
process change. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that represents its estimate of 
uncollectible amounts. The components of this allowance include a provision related to specific losses estimated on 
individual exposures and a provision based on historical trends of collections. As at December 31, 2011, the Company 
has recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.8 million (2010: $6.8 million). There are no significant impaired 
accounts receivable that have not been provided for in the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company believes that 
the allowance for uncollectible accounts sufficiently covers any credit risk related to past due or impaired accounts 
receivable balances. 

Management believes concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the generally 
high credit quality of the Company’s major customers, as well as the large number and geographic dispersion of 
smaller customers. The Company does, however, conduct a significant amount of business with a small number of 
large grocery retailers. The Company’s five largest customers comprise approximately 42.6% (2010: 39.8%) of 
consolidated pre-securitized accounts receivable at December 31, 2011 and the two largest customers comprise 
approximately 19.8% (2010: 20.4%) of consolidated sales. 

The Company is exposed to credit risk on its cash and cash equivalents (comprising primarily deposits and short-term 
placements with Canadian chartered banks) and non-exchange-traded derivatives contracts. The Company mitigates 
this credit risk by only dealing with counterparties that are major international financial institutions with long-term 
debt ratings of single A or better. 

The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk at the balance sheet date consisted primarily of the carrying value of 
non-derivative financial assets and non-exchange-traded derivatives with positive fair values. 

Liquidity Risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial 
liabilities.  

The Company manages liquidity risk by monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows, reducing reliance on any single 
source of credit, maintaining sufficient undrawn committed credit facilities and managing the maturity profiles of 
financial assets and financial liabilities to minimize re-financing risk. 

As at December 31, 2011, the Company had available undrawn committed credit of $379.5 million under the terms of 
its principal banking arrangements. These banking arrangements, which mature in 2015, are subject to certain 
covenants and other restrictions.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Market Risk 

Interest Rate Risk 

Interest rate risk refers to the risk that the value of a financial instrument or cash flows associated with the instrument 
will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. The Company does from time to time enter into interest rate 
swaps to manage its current and anticipated market exposure, and to achieve an overall desired borrowing rate. 

The Company’s interest rate risk arises from long-term borrowings issued at fixed rates that create fair value interest 
rate risk, and variable rate borrowings that create cash flow interest rate risk. In addition, the Company’s cash 
balances are typically invested in short-term interest bearing assets. The Company actively monitors the market to 
ensure that the desired overall funding rate, as well as the targeted proportionate fixed to variable debt mix is achieved. 

As at December 31, 2011, 87% of the Company’s outstanding debt was not exposed to interest rate movements (2010: 
89%). 

Foreign Exchange Risk 

Foreign exchange risk refers to the risk that the value of financial instruments or cash flows associated with the 
instruments will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company enters into currency derivative 
agreements to manage its current and anticipated exposures in the foreign exchange markets. 

The Company’s foreign exchange risk arises primarily from transactions in currencies other than Canadian dollars. 
The primary currencies that the Company is exposed to are the U.S. dollar through U.S.-denominated sales and 
borrowings, the British pound, and Japanese yen. 

The Company uses cross-currency interest rate swaps to mitigate its exposure to changes in exchange rates related to 
U.S. dollar-denominated debt. These swaps are used primarily to effectively convert fixed-rate U.S. dollar-denominated 
notes payable to fixed-rate notes denominated in Canadian dollars, and are accounted for as cash flow hedges. 

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to manage exposures arising from product sales in the U.S. and 
Japan. Qualifying forward contracts in U.S. dollars and Japanese yen that are designated as hedges within the 
Company’s hedge accounting portfolio are accounted for as cash flow hedges. 

Commodity Price Risk 

The Company is directly exposed to price fluctuations in commodities such as wheat, live hogs, and fuel costs, and the 
purchase of other agricultural commodities used as raw materials, such as feed grains and wheat. In order to minimize 
the impact of these price fluctuations on the Company’s operating results, the Company may use fixed price contracts 
with suppliers, exchange-traded futures and options. 

Derivatives designated as a hedge of an anticipated or forecasted transaction are accounted for either as cash flow or 
fair value hedges, and managed within the Company’s hedge accounting portfolio. 

The Company applies the “normal purchases” classification to certain contracts that are entered into for the purpose of 
procuring commodities to be used in production. 

For a comprehensive discussion on the Company’s risk management practices and derivative exposures, please refer to 
Note 16 in the consolidated financial statements. 

  20 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

CHANGE IN FAIR VALUE OF NON-DESIGNATED INTEREST RATE SWAPS 

During the year, the Company recorded a loss of $11.0 million ($8.0 million after-tax) due to changes in the fair value 
of interest rate swaps.   

During 2010, the Company recorded a loss of $24.9 million ($17.6 million after-tax) due to changes in the fair value of 
interest rate swaps.   

During the second quarter of 2010, the Company entered into $590.0 million of interest rate swaps. Swaps totalling 
$330.0 million started on April 28, 2010 and have an expiry date of April 28, 2015 with an average interest rate of 
3.34%. Swaps totalling $260.0 million start on December 8, 2011 and have an expiry date of December 8, 2015 with 
an average interest rate of 4.18%. These swaps effectively fix the interest rates until 2015 at an average rate of 3.71% 
on $590.0 million of the Company’s outstanding debt. Management considers these swaps to be economically hedging 
future interest, but the structure of the Company’s outstanding debt does not allow for these swaps to be accounted for 
using hedge accounting; as such, the swaps cannot be designated in a formal hedging relationship for accounting 
purposes. Accordingly, the Company is required to mark these swaps to market at each accounting period end, and 
such mark-to-market gains or losses flow through net earnings. These short-term non-cash earnings impacts do not 
reflect the economic effect of the swaps, which is to fix interest rates through 2015. Future earnings will be impacted 
by these adjustments until the expiry of the swaps, or until they can be designated in a hedging relationship at a 
future time.  

During the first quarter of 2011, the Company entered into swaps to offset $330.0 million of existing interest rate 
swaps with an expiry date of April 28, 2015. The offsetting interest rate swaps were executed as new fixed-rate private 
placement debt, finalized in the fourth quarter of 2010, reduced the Company’s expected floating rate debt 
requirements by $355.0 million. Under the offsetting interest rate swaps, the Company receives an average fixed rate of 
2.52% and pays a floating rate of interest on a notional amount of $330.0 million. These offsetting interest rate swaps 
effectively neutralize the mark-to-market income volatility on the notional amount of $330.0 million created by the 
existing interest rate swaps with an expiry date of April 28, 2015.  

The effect on the fair value of the interest rate swaps of a parallel shift in the yield curve is as follows: 

($ thousands) 

Change in fair value 

SHARE CAPITAL AND DIVIDENDS 

50 bps Increase 

50 bps Decrease 

 $           4,770  

 $           (4,865) 

As at December 31, 2011, there were 140,044,089 voting common shares issued and outstanding (2010: 140,044,089).  

During 2010, a major shareholder converted 22,000,000 non-voting common shares to common shares, and in the 
fourth quarter of 2010, 2,947,367 common share purchase warrants were exercised resulting in the issuance of 
2,947,367 common shares. Following the exercise of warrants in the fourth quarter of 2010, there are no further 
warrants outstanding. 

In each of the quarters of 2011, the Company declared and paid cash dividends of $0.04 per voting common share, 
representing a total annual dividend of $0.16 per voting common share and aggregate dividend payments of $22.4 
million (2010: $21.7 million). 

OTHER MATTERS 

On February 27, 2012, Maple Leaf Foods declared a dividend of $0.04 per share payable March 30, 2012 to 
shareholders of record at the close of business March 12, 2012. Unless indicated otherwise by the Company in writing 
on or before the time the dividend is paid, the dividend will be considered an Eligible Dividend for the purposes of the 
“Enhanced Dividend Tax Credit System”. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
  
  
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN 

On July 28, 2011, The Company announced a Shareholder Rights Plan (the “Rights Plan”). It follows a previous plan 
that was allowed to expire on December 29, 2010. The Rights Plan was not adopted in response to any actual or 
anticipated transaction, but rather to allow the Board of Directors of Maple Leaf Foods and its shareholders sufficient 
time to consider fully any transaction involving the acquisition or proposed acquisition of 20% or more of the 
outstanding common shares of the Company. The Rights Plan allows the Board of Directors time to consider all 
alternatives and to ensure the fair treatment of shareholders should any such transaction be initiated. One right has 
been issued with respect to each common share of Maple Leaf Foods issued and outstanding as of the close of business 
on July 27, 2011. Should such an acquisition occur or be announced, each right would, upon exercise, entitle a rights 
holder, other than the acquiring person and related persons, to purchase common shares of Maple Leaf Foods at a 
50% discount to the market price at the time. The Rights Plan was approved by shareholders at a special meeting of 
the shareholders on December 14, 2011. 

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS 

The cost of pensions and other post-retirement benefits earned by employees is actuarially determined using the 
projected unit credit method calculated on service and Management’s best estimate of expected plan investment 
performance, salary escalation, retirement ages of employees and expected heath care costs. Management employs 
external experts to advise it when deciding upon the appropriate estimates to use to value employee benefit plan 
obligations and expenses. These estimates are determined at the beginning of the year and re-evaluated if changes in 
estimates and market conditions indicate that there may be a significant effect on the Company’s financial statements. 

During 2011, due to a decrease in both discount rates and actual asset return rates, employee benefit assets and 
liabilities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet were re-valued. This, combined with a gain on asset ceiling and 
minimum funding requirement, resulted in a decrease in employee benefit assets of $9.5 million, and an increase in 
employee benefit liabilities of $144.2 million. The net cumulative effect of these adjustments was recorded by a $153.7 
million ($114.7 million after-tax) increase in other comprehensive loss. The adjustment further resulted in the creation 
of a net deferred tax asset of $39.0 million and a $116.2 million decrease in retained earnings net of minority interest.  

During 2010, due to a decrease in both discount rates and actual asset return rates, employee benefit assets and 
liabilities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet were re-valued. This, combined with a gain on asset ceiling and 
minimum funding requirement, resulted in a decrease in employee benefit assets of $16.8 million, and an increase in 
employee benefit liabilities of $28.5 million. The net cumulative effect of this adjustment was recorded by a $45.3 
million ($32.8 million after-tax) increase in other comprehensive loss. The adjustment further resulted in the creation 
of a net deferred tax asset of $12.5 million and a $33.7 million decrease in retained earnings net of minority interest.  

Management considers that these adjustments, that were required to be made immediately under IFRS, as opposed to 
deferred and amortized under previous Canadian GAAP, were the result of significant market volatility changes that 
affected the valuation of plan assets and liabilities, and do not represent a permanent change in the long-term funded 
status of the Company’s pension plans. 

The Company operates both defined contribution and defined benefit plans. The assets of the defined benefit plans are 
invested primarily in foreign and domestic fixed income and equity securities that are subject to fluctuations in market 
prices. Discount rates used to measure plan liabilities are based on long-term market interest rates. Fluctuations in 
these market prices and rates can impact pension expense and funding requirements. In 2011, the Company’s defined 
benefit pension plans averaged a gain of approximately 0.5% compared to 9.9% in 2010. Long-term market interest 
rates decreased, impacting the discount rate used to measure the plan liabilities. 

The Company’s contributions are funded through cash flows generated from operations. Management anticipates that 
future cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund expected future contributions. Contributions to defined 
benefit plans during 2011 were $14.3 million (2010: $12.3 million). 

The Company plans to contribute $46.1 million to the pension plans in 2012, inclusive of defined contribution and the 
multi-employer plans. 

  22 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

On February 1, 2012, the Company purchased the operations of a poultry farm in Alberta that included a poultry 
quota. The total purchase price was $31.1 million paid in cash, which will be accounted for as a business combination 
in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations, in the first quarter of 2012. The Company has not yet finalized the 
allocation of this purchase price. 

On February 7, 2012, the Company announced that it will consolidate its further processed poultry operations, closing 
a facility in Ontario in May 2012, and transferring production to two other Ontario-based facilities. Investments 
totalling approximately $6.5 million will be made to support the production transfers. In addition, the Company will 
incur approximately $5.6 million before taxes in restructuring costs, of which approximately $4.2 million are cash 
costs. 

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS  

The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly financial information (in thousands of dollars except per share 
information): 

First 

Quarter  

Second 

Quarter  

Third

Fourth 

Quarter  

Quarter  

Total

Sales(i) 

2011

 $ 1,147,942

 $1,238,201 

 $ 1,262,153

 $ 1,245,328 

 $ 4,893,624 

2010

   1,191,507

    1,271,366 

    1,293,211 

    1,212,035 

    4,968,119 

2009  

    1,279,299  

    1,320,803  

    1,296,597  

    1,324,903  

    5,221,602 

Net earnings (loss)(i) 

2011

 $     10,547

 $     24,582 

 $     43,007 

 $       9,195 

 $      87,331 

2010

        19,892 

          4,934 

        (19,856)

        30,643 

        35,613 

2009  

          2,871  

          4,899  

        22,457  

        21,920  

        52,147 

Earnings per share 

Basic(i) (ii) 

2011

 $         0.08

 $         0.17 

 $         0.29  

 $         0.06 

 $         0.59 

2010

2009

            0.14 

            0.02 

           (0.16)

            0.21 

            0.22 

            0.02 

            0.04 

            0.17  

            0.16 

            0.40 

Diluted(i) (ii) 

2011

 $         0.07

 $         0.16 

 $         0.28  

 $         0.06 

 $         0.58 

2010

2009

            0.13 

            0.02 

           (0.16) 

            0.21 

            0.21 

            0.02 

            0.04 

            0.17  

            0.16 

            0.39 

Adjusted EPS(i) (iii)  

2011

 $         0.18

 $         0.30 

 $         0.34  

 $         0.21 

 $         1.01 

2010

            0.07 

            0.16 

            0.22  

            0.27 

            0.73 

2009  

            0.05  

            0.12  

            0.21    

            0.19  

            0.57 

(i) 

The 2011 and 2010 figures are in accordance with IFRS and the net earnings, earnings per share, and adjusted earnings per share 
are based on amounts attributable to common shareholders. 2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or 
before January 1, 2010. 

(ii)  May not add due to rounding. 

(iii)  Refer to Non-IFRS Financial Measures starting on page 41. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Quarterly sales in 2011 were affected by the following significant items: 

 

 

 

 

 

price increases implemented to offset higher input costs  

the sale of the Burlington, Ontario, pork processing facility in 2010, which significantly reduced sales in the Meat 
Products Group in 2011  

the sale of the fresh sandwich product line by the Bakery Products Group at the beginning of 2011 

the appreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar and the British pound , which reduced the sales 
value of fresh pork and frozen bakery products sold in the U.S. and U.K.  

higher market values for the Company’s rendered by-products. 

Quarterly net earnings in 2011 were affected by the following significant items: 

 

timing of price increases implemented in 2011 relative to the rise of input costs in both prepared meats business 
and the Bakery Products Group 

  margin expansion in prepared meats and pork processing as a result of favourable product mix and new product 

innovation initiatives  

increased live bird costs, which compressed poultry processor margins  

improved results in by-products rendering, reflecting higher sales values that outpaced increases in raw  
material costs 

benefits from strategic and other cost reduction initiatives, including personnel reduction, product simplification, 
and plant closures and consolidation of volume into other facilities 

duplicative overhead costs related to the commissioning of the new fresh bakery in Hamilton, Ontario  

supply chain disruptions related to the installation of SAP in the fresh bakery Western Canada operations in the 
fourth quarter 

higher hog prices in excess of increases in the Company’s net cost of grain which increased hog production 
earnings 

changes in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps, biological assets and (gains) losses on commodity 
futures contracts 

restructuring and other related costs 

income tax adjustments of $2.4 million in the first quarter and $9.8 million in the third quarter of 2011, 
associated primarily with tax benefits arising from a prior acquisition in the fresh bakery business. These 
adjustments resulted in a lower tax rate on operating earnings 

gains on sale of assets, including the facility in Surrey, British Columbia, in the third quarter and assets of a 
poultry farm, including the sale of turkey commercial growing quota, in the fourth quarter of 2011. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quarterly sales in 2010 were affected by the following significant items: 

 

 

 

 

the appreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar and the British pound which reduced the sales 
value of fresh pork and frozen bakery products sold in the U.S. and U.K. 

lower volumes in prepared meats as consumers adjust to new price levels following price adjustments 
implemented in the second and third quarters of 2010  

the exit of a non-core business line in prepared meats at the end of 2009 

lower sales volumes of frozen bakery products in the U.S. and U.K. 

  24 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Quarterly net earnings in 2010 were impacted by the following significant items: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

higher market prices and improved operations, which resulted in better poultry results, although market impacts 
were less favourable in the fourth quarter 

stronger hog market prices and better feed costs 

a stronger Canadian dollar and weaker export markets resulted in lower earnings in primary pork processing 
operations 

the appreciation of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar, which reduced the cost of U.S. dollar priced 
ingredients and, to a lesser extent, lowered ingredient costs 

changes in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps, biological assets and (gains) losses on commodity 
futures contracts 

restructuring and other related costs, with the majority of these costs related to the write down of the Burlington, 
Ontario, pork plant assets and severances related to the prospective closure of three Ontario bakeries or incurred 
with respect to the Company’s network optimization initiatives. 

For an explanation and analysis of quarterly results, refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis for each of the 
respective quarterly periods filed on SEDAR and also available on the Company’s website at www.mapleleaffoods.com.  

SUMMARY OF 2011 FOURTH QUARTER RESULTS 

The following is a summary of sales by business segment: 

($ thousands) 

Meats Products Group 

Agribusiness Group 

Protein Group 

Bakery Products Group 

Sales 

Fourth Quarter 

 2011     

 2010  

 $       781,813    

 $       762,561  

            63,499     

            56,167  

 $       845,312    

 $       818,728  

         400,016    

          393,307  

 $    1,245,328     

 $    1,212,035  

The following is a summary of Adjusted Operating Earnings by business segment: 

($ thousands) 

Meats Products Group 

Agribusiness Group 

Protein Group 

Bakery Products Group 

Non-allocated Costs (i) 

Adjusted Operating Earnings (ii) 

Fourth Quarter 

 2011     

 2010  

 $        27,472  

 $         37,707  

            14,744  

            14,896  

 $        42,216  

 $         52,603  

           16,129  

            22,416  

               (898) 

             (5,096) 

 $         57,447  

 $         69,923  

(i) 

Non-allocated costs comprise costs related to systems conversion and consulting fees. Management believes that not allocating these 
costs provides a comparable assessment of segmented operating results. 

(ii)  Please refer to the section entitled Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures in the press release dated February 28, 2012 

concerning the Company’s financial results for the fourth quarter of 2011 for a description and reconciliation.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Sales for the fourth quarter of 2011 increased 2.7% to $1,245.3 million compared to $1,212.0 million last year. After 
adjusting for the impacts of the divestitures of the Burlington pork facility, the Company’s fresh sandwich product line, 
and foreign exchange, sales increased by approximately 5.0%, primarily as a result of higher selling prices.  

Adjusted Operating Earnings for the fourth quarter of 2011 were $57.4 million compared to $69.9 million last year, as 
weaker pork and poultry primary processing margins and an unexpected increase in raw material costs during the 
quarter led to lower earnings in the Protein Group. Performance in the Bakery Products Group declined compared to 
last year, while the earnings in the Agribusiness Group were consistent with the prior year. 

Lower earnings in poultry processing operations due to higher live bird costs, as well as margin compression relative to 
the unusually high packer margins in the fourth quarter of 2010 in primary pork processing operations contributed to 
the decline in earnings of the Meat Products Group. Margins in the prepared meats business continued to be 
pressured by further increases in raw material meat costs; however, net pricing and improved product mix, as well as 
early benefits from the Company’s Value Creation Plan helped mitigate this impact. 

Earnings in the Bakery Products Group for the fourth quarter declined as margins were compressed, as price increases 
implemented earlier in 2011 were not sufficient to fully offset higher raw material and other inflationary costs, 
primarily in the frozen bakery business. Earnings were also impacted by duplicative overhead costs associated with the 
transition to the Company’s new fresh bakery in Hamilton, Ontario, and by costs due to supply chain disruptions 
related to the installation of SAP in the fresh bakery operations in Western Canada. These additional costs were partly 
offset by efficiency gains related to network optimization initiatives in the frozen bakery operations, and overall lower 
selling, general and administrative expenses due to cost reduction initiatives implemented earlier in 2011. The sale of 
the fresh sandwich product line in the first quarter of 2011 was accretive to earnings. 

Net earnings decreased to $9.2 million or $0.06 basic earnings per share in the fourth quarter of 2011 compared to net 
earnings of $30.6 million or $0.21 basic earnings per share last year. 

SEASONALITY 

The Company is sufficiently large and diversified that seasonal factors within each operation and business tend to 
offset each other and in isolation do not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated earnings. For example, 
pork processing margins tend to be higher in the last half of the year when hog prices historically decline and, as a 
result, earnings from hog production operations tend to be lower. Strong demand for grilled meat products positively 
affects the fresh and processed meats operations in the summer, while back-to-school promotions support increased 
sales of bakery, sliced meats and lunch items in the fall. Higher demand for turkey and ham products occurs in the 
spring and fourth quarter holiday seasons. 

ENVIRONMENT 

Maple Leaf Foods is committed to maintaining high standards of environmental responsibility and positive 
relationships in the communities where it operates. Each of its businesses operates within the framework of an 
environmental policy entitle “Our Environmental Commitment” that is approved by the Board of Directors’ 
Environment, Health and Safety Committee. The Company’s environmental program is monitored on a regular basis by 
the Committee, including compliance with regulatory requirements, the use of internal environmental specialists and 
independent, external environmental experts. In 2011, the Company established all the environmental criteria for its 
Transformation agenda to ensure that environmental protection measures are built into the various projects. It also 
designed and initiated a detailed community relations plan associated with the construction of its new meat processing 
plant in Hamilton, Ontario. The Company continues to invest in environmental infrastructure related to water, waste 
and air emissions to ensure that environmental standards continue to be met or exceeded, while implementing 
procedures to reduce the impact of operations on the environment. Expenditures related to current environmental 
requirements are not expected to have a material effect on the financial position or earnings of the Company. However, 
there can be no assurance that certain events will not occur that will cause expenditures related to the environment to 
be significant and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Such 
events could include, but not be limited to, additional environmental regulation or the occurrence of an adverse event 
at one of the Company’s locations.  

  26 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

As a large food company there are health, environmental and social issues that go beyond short-term profitability that 
Management believes must shape its business if the Company is to realize a sustainable future. On the environmental 
front, the Company is undertaking multiple initiatives, in conjunction with key customers, to reduce packaging and 
track greenhouse gas emissions and the mileage it takes to produce and deliver food products. Increasingly, sound 
environmental practices are becoming a key component of maintaining a competitive advantage.  

As part of its sustainability initiatives, the Company achieved LEED® Gold certification at its new office and product 
development centre in Mississauga. LEED® stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and is widely 
recognized as a green building standard. The Company is in the final verification stages for LEED® certification at its 
new bakery in Hamilton, Ontario, which opened in 2011. The Company also intends to pursue LEED® certification for 
its new meat processing plant in Hamilton, Ontario. Construction for this plant is expected to begin in 2012, and is 
expected to be fully commissioned in 2014, at which time the LEED® verification process is expected to begin. 

RISK FACTORS 

The Company operates in the food processing and agricultural business, and is therefore subject to risks and 
uncertainties related to this business that may have adverse effects on the Company’s results of operations and 
financial condition. The following risk factors should be considered carefully. These risk factors and other risks and 
uncertainties not currently known to the Company, or that the Company currently considers immaterial, could 
materially and adversely affect the Company’s future operating results and could cause actual events to differ 
materially from those described in forward-looking information (including any financial outlooks) relating to the 
Company. 

Risks Related to the Business of Maple Leaf Foods 

Implementing the Company’s Comprehensive Value Creation Plan 

The Company’s Value Creation Plan announced in October 2010 is complex, lengthy and transformational. Although 
the Company has experience implementing complex projects and plans, there can be no assurance that the Company 
will be successful in executing the Value Creation Plan and achieving its expected benefits. As with any complex 
project or plan, events will transpire outside the Company’s control that were not anticipated or expected when the 
Value Creation Plan was launched such as changes in the competitive landscape, changes in foreign exchange rates 
and other unforeseen events. If the Value Creation Plan is unsuccessful or implemented or executed incorrectly or if 
the benefits of the plan are not fully achieved, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial 
condition and results of operations. 

In particular, the Value Creation Plan entails the construction of two large-scale facilities, one of which is substantially 
complete. The construction and start-up of new plants presents a number of risks including: errors in the assessment 
of labour rates and other operating costs, failure to achieve operating cost efficiencies, cost overruns in construction, 
delays in completion of the project, disruptions to service levels during the construction period, loss of reputation with 
customers and adverse impacts on the quality of the Company’s products, loss of volumes in realignment of product 
lines, and competitive pressures resulting in loss of sales during transition periods. As a result of the construction of 
these two facilities, the Company’s operations will be more concentrated in a fewer number of facilities resulting in the 
risk that any unforeseen disruption in such facilities could have a greater effect on the operations of the Company as 
whole. In addition, as part of the Value Creation Plan, the Company has announced the closure of some existing 
plants. It is likely that additional existing plants will also be closed. The closure of existing plants carries risks such as 
inaccurate assessments of the costs of decommissioning, disruptions in service during closure and errors in the 
estimates of residual value of the assets. In addition, to facilitate the plan, the Company may decide to divest portions 
of its business. There is no guarantee that any such divestiture will not result in a material impact to the Company’s 
operations. Altogether, these risks could result in a material adverse impact to the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. 

The Value Creation Plan requires strategic capital expenditures (over and above base or maintenance capital), which 
are currently estimated to be approximately $560 million between 2012 and 2013 inclusive. While the pace of spending 
is expected to be balanced with margin improvement, with interim margin targets achieved before committing to new 
levels of capital investment, and while the Company believes it has the underlying cash flow and balance sheet 
strength required to support the capital investments with no incremental requirement for new capital from 
shareholders, there can be no assurance that the capital required to implement the plan will be available as and when 
required or on commercially reasonable or acceptable terms. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Systems Conversion and Standardization 

The Company regularly implements process improvement initiatives to simplify and harmonize its systems and 
processes to optimize performance and reduce the risk of errors in financial reporting. The Company is currently 
undertaking an initiative to replace its information systems with SAP, an integrated enterprise-wide computing system. 
The Company has dedicated considerable resources to the implementation of SAP and carefully designed an 
implementation plan to reduce operational disruptions. However, there can be no guarantee that the implementation 
will not disrupt the Company’s operations, or be completed within the identified period of time and budget. In addition, 
there cannot be any guarantee that the implementation will improve current processes or operating results or reduce 
the risk of errors in financial reporting. Any of these failures could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s 
financial condition and results of operations. 

Food Safety and Consumer Health 

The Company is subject to risks that affect the food industry in general, including risks posed by food spoilage, 
accidental contamination, product tampering, consumer product liability, and the potential costs and disruptions of a 
product recall. The Company’s products are susceptible to contamination by disease-producing organisms, or 
pathogens, such as E. Coli, Salmonella and Listeria. There is a risk that these pathogens, as a result of food processing, 
could be present in the Company’s products. The Company actively manages these risks by maintaining strict and 
rigorous controls and processes in its manufacturing facilities and distribution systems and by maintaining prudent 
levels of insurance. However, the Company cannot assure that such systems, even when working effectively, will 
eliminate the risks related to food safety. The Company could be required to recall certain of its products in the event of 
contamination or adverse test results, similar to the recall in 2008, or as precautionary measures, similar to the recalls 
in 2009. There is also a risk that not all of the product subject to the recall will be properly identified, or that the recall 
will not be successful or not effected in a timely manner. Any product contamination could subject the Company to 
product liability claims, adverse publicity and government scrutiny, investigation or intervention, resulting in increased 
costs and decreased sales. Any of these events could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial 
condition and results of operations. 

Leverage and Availability of Capital 

The ability of the Company to secure short and long-term financing on terms acceptable to the Company is critical to 
grow and fund its business and manage its liquidity. In particular, at various stages in the implementation of the Value 
Creation Plan, the Company may require significant amounts of capital. The ability to secure such additional capital on 
commercially reasonable and acceptable terms will in part determine the success or failure of the Company’s Value 
Creation Plan. As a result, the failure or inability of the Company to secure short and long-term financing in the future 
on terms that are commercially reasonable and acceptable to the Company could have a significant impact on the 
Company’s financial condition and results of operations. In addition, a downgrade in the Company’s credit quality 
would likely increase the Company’s borrowing costs for both short-term and long-term debt, which could have a 
material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Even if the Company does 
successfully raise additional capital when needed, if it issues equity securities, investors will be diluted, and if it raises 
additional debt, it will be further leveraged and could be subject to restrictive covenants such as restrictions on paying 
dividends. 

Business Acquisitions and Capital Expansion Projects 

While the Company’s focus has been integration of existing operations and supply chain optimization, the Company 
may continue to review opportunities for strategic growth through acquisitions in the future. These acquisitions may 
involve large transactions or realignment of existing investments, and present financial, managerial and operational 
challenges, which if not successfully overcome may reduce the Company’s profitability. These risks include the 
diversion of management attention from existing core businesses, difficulties integrating or separating personnel and 
financial and other systems, adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers, 
inaccurate estimates of the rate of return on acquisitions or investments, inaccurate estimates of fair value made in the 
accounting for acquisitions and amortization of acquired intangible assets, which would reduce future reported 
earnings, potential loss of customers or key employees of acquired businesses, and indemnities and potential disputes 
with the buyers or sellers. Any of these items could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. 

  28 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Pension Plan Assets and Liabilities 

In the normal course of business, the Company provides post-retirement pension benefits to its employees under both 
defined contribution and defined benefit pension plan arrangements. The funded status of the plans significantly 
affects the net periodic benefit costs of the Company’s pension plans and the ongoing funding requirements of those 
plans. Among other factors, changes in interest rates, mortality rates, early retirement rates, investment returns and 
the market value of plan assets can affect the level of plan funding, increase the Company’s future funding 
requirements and cause volatility in the net periodic pension cost and the Company’s financial results. Furthermore, 
the Company has merged and is in the process of merging a number of its defined benefit pension plans. The funding 
status of the individual plans depends in part on whether the mergers are approved. Failure by the regulators to 
approve the mergers could also result in an increase to the Company’s funding requirements. Any increase in pension 
expense or funding requirements could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. 

Hog and Pork Market Cyclicality 

The Company’s results of operations and financial condition are partially dependent upon the cost and supply of hogs 
and the selling prices for fresh meat products, both of which are influenced by constantly changing market forces of 
supply and demand over which the Company has little or no control. These prices for the most part are denominated in 
or related to U.S. dollars, which adds further variability due to fluctuations in exchange rates. The North American 
primary pork processing markets are highly competitive, with major and regional companies competing in each 
market. The market prices for pork products regularly experience periods of supply and demand imbalance, and are 
sensitive to changes in industry processing capacity. Other factors that can influence the supply and market price of 
live hogs include fluctuations in the size of herds maintained by North American hog suppliers, environmental and 
conservation regulations, economic conditions, the relative cost of feed for hogs, weather and livestock diseases. There 
can be no assurance that all or part of any such increased costs experienced by the Company from time to time can be 
passed along to consumers of the Company’s products directly or in a timely manner. As a result, there is no 
assurance that the occurrence of these events will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial 
condition and results of operations. 

Livestock 

The Company’s operations and the demand for the Company’s products can be significantly affected by outbreaks of 
disease among livestock, or attributed to livestock whether it occurs within the Company’s production operations or in 
the operations of third parties. 

The Company monitors herd health status and has strict bio-security procedures and employee training programs 
throughout its hog production system. However, there is no guarantee these processes will not fail. In addition, not all 
livestock procured by the Company may be subject to these processes, as the majority of hog and poultry livestock 
processed by the Company is purchased from independent third parties. In addition to risks associated with 
maintaining the health of the Company’s livestock, any outbreak of disease elsewhere in the world could reduce 
consumer confidence in the meat products affected by the particular disease and generate adverse publicity. 
Accordingly, there can be no assurance that an outbreak of animal disease in Canada or elsewhere will not have a 
material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. 

Maple Leaf Foods has developed a comprehensive internal contingency plan for dealing with animal disease 
occurrences or a more broad-based pandemic and has taken steps to support the Canadian government in enhancing 
both the country’s prevention measures and preparedness plans. There can be no assurance, however, that these 
prevention measures or plans will be successful in minimizing or containing the impact of an outbreak of animal 
disease and that such outbreak will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Foreign Currencies 

A significant amount of the Company’s revenues and costs are either denominated in or directly linked to other 
currencies (primarily U.S. dollars, U.K. pounds, and Japanese yen). In periods when the Canadian dollar has 
appreciated both rapidly and materially against these foreign currencies, revenues linked to U.S. dollars or Japanese 
yen are immediately reduced while the Company’s ability to change prices or realize natural hedges may lag the 
immediate currency change. The effect of such sudden changes in exchange rates can have a significant immediate 
impact on the Company’s earnings. Due to the diversity of the Company’s operations, normal fluctuations in other 
currencies do not generally have a material impact on the Company’s profitability in the short term due to either 
natural hedges and offsetting currency exposures (for example, when revenues and costs are both linked to other 
currencies) or the ability in the near term to change prices of its products to offset adverse currency movements. 
However, as the Company competes in international markets, and faces competition in its domestic markets from U.S. 
competitors, significant changes in the Canadian to U.S. dollar exchange rate can have, and have had, significant 
effects on the Company’s relative competitiveness in its domestic and international markets, which can have, and have 
had, significant effects on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Financial results from 
operations in the United Kingdom are recorded in the British pound, however, consolidated financial results are 
reported in Canadian dollars. As a result, earnings and financial position are affected by foreign exchange fluctuations 
through translation risk. Translation risk is the risk that financial statements for a particular period, or at a certain 
date, depend on the prevailing exchange rate of the British pound against the Canadian dollar. Accordingly, these 
exchange rate fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of 
operations.  

Commodities 

The Company is a purchaser of, and its business is dependent on, certain commodities such as wheat, feed grains, 
livestock and energy (oil-based fuel, natural gas and electricity), in the course of normal operations. Commodity prices 
are subject to fluctuation and such fluctuations are sometimes severe. The Company may use commodity futures and 
options for hedging purposes to reduce the effect of changing prices in the short term but such hedges may not be 
successful in mitigating this commodity price risk and may in some circumstances subject the Company to loss. On a 
longer-term basis, the Company attempts to manage the risk of increases in commodities and other input costs by 
increasing the prices it charges to its customers, however, no assurance can be given that customers will continue to 
purchase the Company’s products if prices rise. Any fluctuations in commodity prices that the Company is unable to 
properly hedge or mitigate could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of 
operations. 

International Trade 

The Company exports significant amounts of its products to customers outside Canada and certain of its inputs are 
affected by global commodity prices. The Company’s international operations are subject to inherent risks, including 
change in the free flow of food products between countries, fluctuations in currency values, discriminatory fiscal 
policies, unexpected changes in local regulations and laws, and the uncertainty of enforcement of remedies in foreign 
jurisdictions. In addition, foreign jurisdictions could impose tariffs, quotas, trade barriers and other similar restrictions 
on the Company’s international sales and subsidize competing agricultural products. All of these risks could result in 
increased costs or decreased revenues, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial 
condition and results of operations. 

  30 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Regulation 

The Company’s operations are subject to extensive regulation by government agencies in the countries in which it 
operates, including the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the Ministry of Agriculture in Canada, provincial Ministries 
of the Environment in Canada and the United States Department of Agriculture. These agencies regulate the 
processing, packaging, storage, distribution, advertising and labelling of the Company’s products, including food safety 
standards. The Company’s manufacturing facilities and products are subject to inspection by federal, provincial and 
local authorities. The Company strives to maintain material compliance with all laws and regulations and maintains all 
material permits and licenses relating to its operations. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the Company is 
in compliance with such laws and regulations, has all necessary permits and licenses and will be able to comply with 
such laws and regulations, permits and licenses in the future. Failure by the Company to comply with applicable laws 
and regulations and permits and licenses could subject the Company to civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, 
recalls or seizures, as well as potential criminal sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on the 
Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Various governments throughout the world are considering 
regulatory proposals relating to genetically modified organisms, drug residues in food ingredients, food safety, and 
market and environmental regulation that, if adopted, may increase the Company’s costs. There can be no assurance 
that additional regulation will not be enacted. In fact, new regulations and standards were enacted to address the risks 
associated with certain pathogens in response to the Company’s August 2008 recall of ready-to-eat meat products. If 
any of these or other proposals or regulations are enacted, the Company could experience a disruption in the supply or 
distribution of its products, increased operating costs and significant additional cost for capital improvements. The 
Company may be unable to pass on the cost increases associated with such increased regulatory burden to its 
customers without incurring volume loss as a result of higher prices. Any of these events could have a material adverse 
effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. 

Legal Matters 

In the normal course of its operations, the Company becomes involved in various legal actions relating to its 
commercial relationships, employment matters and product liabilities, among other things. The Company believes that 
the resolution of these claims will not have a material effect on the Company, based in part on the availability of 
insurance. However, the final outcome with respect to actions outstanding, pending or with respect to future claims 
cannot be predicted with certainty. Furthermore, even if any action is settled within insurance limits, this can result in 
increases to the Company’s insurance premiums. Therefore there can be no assurance that their resolution will not 
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. 

Consumer Trends 

Success of the Company depends in part on the Company’s ability to respond to market trends and produce innovative 
products that anticipate and respond to the changing tastes and dietary habits of consumers. From time to time, 
certain products are deemed more or less healthy and this can impact consumer buying patterns. The Company’s 
failure to anticipate, identify or react to these changes or to innovate could result in declining demand and prices for 
the Company’s products, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. 

Environmental Regulation 

The Company’s operations are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations pertaining to the discharge of 
materials into the environment and the handling and disposition of wastes (including solid and hazardous wastes) or 
otherwise relating to protection of the environment. Failure to comply could have serious consequences, such as 
criminal as well as civil penalties, liability for damages and negative publicity for the Company. No assurances can be 
given that additional environmental issues relating to presently known matters or identified sites or to other matters or 
sites will not require additional expenditures, or that requirements applicable to the Company will not be altered in 
ways that will require the Company to incur significant additional costs. In addition, certain of the Company’s facilities 
have been in operation for many years and, over time, the Company and other prior operators of such facilities may 
have generated and disposed of waste which is or may be considered to be hazardous. Future discovery of previously 
unknown contamination of property underlying or in the vicinity of the Company’s present or former properties or 
manufacturing facilities and/or waste disposal sites could require the Company to incur material unforeseen expenses. 
Occurrences of any such events could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results 
of operations. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Consolidating Customer Environment 

As the retail grocery and foodservice trades continue to consolidate and customers grow larger and more sophisticated, 
the Company is required to adjust to changes in purchasing practices and changing customer requirements, as failure 
to do so could result in losing sales volumes and market share. The Company’s net sales and profitability could also be 
affected by deterioration in the financial condition of, or other adverse developments in the relationship with, one or 
more of its major customers. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial 
condition and results of operations. 

Competitive Industry Environment 

The food industry is intensely competitive and in many product categories in which the Company operates, there are 
low barriers to entry. Competition is based on product availability, product quality, price, effective promotions and the 
ability to target changing consumer preferences. The Company experiences price pressure from time to time as a result 
of competitors’ promotional efforts and in product categories and markets characterized by low capacity utilization. 
Increased competition could result in reduced sales, margins, profits and market share, all of which could have a 
material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. 

Employment Matters 

The Company and its subsidiaries have approximately 19,500 full and part-time employees, which include salaried and 
union employees, many of whom are covered by collective agreements. These employees are located in various 
jurisdictions around the world, each such jurisdiction having differing employment laws and practices and differing 
liabilities for employment violations, which may result in punitive or extraordinary damages. While the Company 
maintains systems and procedures to comply with the applicable requirements, there is a risk that failures or lapses by 
individual managers could result in a violation or cause of action that could have a material adverse effect on the 
Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if a collective agreement covering a significant 
number of employees or involving certain key employees were to expire leading to a work stoppage, there can be no 
assurance that such work stoppage would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. The Company’s success is also dependent on its ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel. 
The loss of one or more key personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. 

Direct Store Delivery Disruptions  

A significant portion of the Company’s fresh bakery products are distributed through direct store delivery systems 
using independent distributors. Although appropriate contractual arrangements are in place with these distributors 
and the Company attempts to maintain good relations with its distributors, a negative change in the Company’s 
relations with them, changes in regulations or an adverse ruling by regulatory agencies regarding the Company’s 
independent distributorship program or claims against the Company for the actions of the independent distributors, 
could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. 

Product Pricing 

The Company’s profitability is dependent in large part on the Company’s ability to make pricing decisions regarding its 
products that on one hand encourage consumers to buy yet on the other hand recoup development and other costs 
associated with that product. Products that are priced too high will not sell and products priced too low will lower the 
Company’s profit margins. Accordingly, any failure by the Company to properly price its products could have a 
material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. 

Supply Chain Management 

Successful management of the Company’s supply chain is critical to the Company’s success. Insufficient supply of 
products threatens the Company’s ability to meet customer demands while over capacity threatens the Company’s 
ability to generate competitive profit margins. Accordingly, any failure by the Company to properly manage the 
Company’s supply chain could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of 
operations. 

  32 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Strategic Risk Management 

Successful identification and management of the strategic risks facing the Company from time to time is critical to the 
Company’s success. Failure to properly adapt to changes in strategic risks (such as changes in technology, the food 
industry, customers, consumers and competitors, among other things) could have a material adverse effect on the 
Company’s financial condition and results of operations. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires Management to make 
judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of 
assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are 
recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. 

Information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgements in applying accounting policies 
that have significant effects on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are outlined below: 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Valuation  

The values associated with other intangible assets and goodwill involve significant estimates and assumptions, 
including those with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates and asset lives. These estimates and 
assumptions could affect the Company’s future results if the current estimates of future performance and fair values 
change. These determinations will affect the amount of amortization expense on definite life intangible assets 
recognized in future periods. 

The Company assesses impairment by comparing the recoverable amount of an intangible asset or goodwill with its 
carrying value. The recoverable amount is defined as the higher of: (i) value in use; or (ii) fair value less cost to sell. The 
determination of the recoverable amount involves Management judgement and estimation. 

Allowance for Bad Debts  

The Company establishes an appropriate provision for uncollectible or doubtful accounts. Estimates of recoverable 
amounts are based on Management’s best estimate of a customer’s ability to settle its obligations, and actual amounts 
received may be affected by various factors, including changes in individual customer financial conditions. To the 
extent that actual losses on uncollectible accounts differ from those estimated in the Company’s provision, both 
accounts receivable and net earnings will be affected. 

Provisions for Inventory  

Management makes estimates of the future customer demand for products when establishing appropriate provisions 
for inventory. In making these estimates, Management considers product life of inventory and the profitability of recent 
sales of inventory. In many cases, product sold by the Company turns quickly and inventory on-hand values are lower, 
thus reducing the risk of material misstatement. However, in the fresh and prepared meats businesses, code, or “best 
before” dates are very important in the determination of realizable value, and inventory values are significant. 
Management ensures that systems are in place to highlight and properly value inventory that may be approaching 
“best before” code dates. To the extent that actual losses on inventory differ from those estimated, both inventory and 
net earnings will be affected. 

Biological Assets 

Biological assets are measured, at each reporting date, at fair value less cost to sell, except when fair value cannot be 
reliably measured. If fair value cannot be reliably measured, biological assets are measured at cost minus depreciation 
and impairment losses. Although a reliable measure of fair value may not be available at the point of initial recognition, 
it may subsequently become available. In such circumstances, biological assets are measured at fair value less cost to 
sell from the point at which the reliable measure of fair value becomes available. Gains and losses that arise on 
measuring biological assets at fair value less cost to sell are recognized in the statement of earnings in the period in 
which they arise. Costs to sell include all costs that would be necessary to sell the biological assets, including costs 
necessary to get the biological assets to market. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Trade Merchandise Allowances and Other Trade Discounts  

The Company provides for estimated payments to customers based on various trade programs and contracts that often 
include payments that are contingent upon attainment of specified sales volumes. Significant estimates used to 
determine these liabilities include the projected level of sales volume for the relevant period and the historical 
promotional expenditure rate compared to contracted rates. These arrangements are complex and there are a 
significant number of customers and products affected. Management has systems and processes in place to estimate 
and value these obligations. To the extent that payments on trade discounts differ from estimates of the related 
liability, both accrued liabilities and net earnings will be affected. 

Employee Benefit Plans  

The cost of pensions and other retirement benefits earned by employees is actuarially determined using the projected 
unit credit method prorated on service and Management’s best estimate of expected plan investment performance, 
salary escalation, retirement ages of employees, mortality rates and expected heath care costs. Discount rates used in 
actuarial calculations are based on long-term interest rates and can have a material effect on the amount of plan 
liabilities. Management employs external experts to advise the Company when deciding upon the appropriate estimates 
to use to value employee benefit plan obligations and expenses.  

Significant actuarial assumptions adopted in measuring the Company’s accrued benefit obligations and benefit plan 
expenses are as follows: 

Weighted average discount rate used to calculate net benefit plan expense 

Weighted average discount rate used to calculate year end benefit obligation 

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 

Rate of compensation increase 

Medical cost trend rates 

2011 

2010 

5.00% 

4.50% 

7.25% 

3.50% 

6.50% 

5.75% 

5.00% 

7.25% 

3.50% 

7.00% 

The effect on the following items of a 1% increase and decrease in health care costs, assuming no change in benefit 
levels, is as follows: 

($ thousands) 

End-of-year obligation 

Aggregate of 2011 current service cost and interest cost 

1% increase 

1% decrease 

$         3,787  

  $        (4,170) 

              203  

            (227) 

Income Taxes  

Provisions for income taxes are based on domestic and international statutory income tax rates, and the amount of 
income earned in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Significant judgement is required in determining 
income tax provisions and the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The calculation of current and deferred income tax 
balances requires Management to make estimates regarding the carrying values of assets and liabilities that include 
estimates of future cash flows and earnings related to such assets and liabilities, the interpretation of income tax 
legislation in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, and the timing of reversal of temporary differences. The 
Company establishes additional provisions for income taxes when, despite Management’s opinion that the Company’s 
tax positions are fully supportable, there is sufficient complexity or uncertainty in the application of legislation that 
certain tax positions may be reassessed by tax authorities. The Company adjusts these additional accruals in light of 
changing facts and circumstances. 

  34 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Provisions  

The Company evaluates all provisions at each reporting date. These provisions can be significant and are prepared 
using estimates of the costs of future activities. In certain instances, Management may determine that these provisions 
are no longer required. In certain circumstances, Management may determine that certain provisions are insufficient 
as new events occur or as additional information is obtained. Provisions are separately identified and disclosed in the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

Stock-based Compensation 

The Company uses estimates including but not limited to estimates of forfeitures, share price volatility, dividends, 
expected life of the award, and risk-free interest rates in the calculation of the liability for certain stock-based incentive 
plans. These estimates are based on previous experience and may change throughout the life of an incentive plan. 
Such changes could impact the carrying value of contributed surplus and net earnings. 

Depreciation and Amortization 

The Company’s property and equipment and definite life intangible assets are depreciated and amortized on a straight-
line basis, taking into account the expected useful lives of the assets and residual values. Changes to these estimates 
may affect both the carrying value of these assets and net earnings. 

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS 

Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement 

In October 2010, the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) published amendments to IFRS 9 (IFRS 9 
(2010)) which provide added guidance on the classification and measurement of financial liabilities. IFRS 9 (2010) 
supersedes IFRS 9 (2009) and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015, with early adoption 
permitted. For annual periods beginning before January 1, 2015, either IFRS 9 (2009) or IFRS 9 (2010) may be applied. 
The Company intends to adopt IFRS 9 (2010) in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 1, 
2015. The extent of the impact of adoption of IFRS 9 (2010) has not yet been determined.  

Financial Instruments – Disclosures 

In October 2010, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures – Transfers of Financial Assets. This amendment 
requires disclosure of information that enables users of financial statements to understand the relationship between 
transferred financial assets that are not derecognized in their entirety and the associated liabilities; and to evaluate the 
nature of, and risks associated with, the Company’s continuing involvement in derecognized financial assets. This 
amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2012 and therefore the Company will apply 
the amendment in the first quarter of 2012. When applied, it is expected that the amendment to IFRS 7 will increase 
the current level of disclosure of transfers of financial assets. 

Financial Assets and Liabilities 

In December 2011 the IASB published amendments to International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 32 Offsetting 
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities and issued new disclosure requirements in IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: 
Disclosures. The effective date for the amendments to IAS 32 is annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014. 
The effective date for the amendments to IFRS 7 is annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. These 
amendments are to be applied retrospectively. 

The amendments to IAS 32 clarify when an entity has a legally enforceable right to off-set as well as clarify when a 
settlement mechanism provides for net settlement or gross settlement that is equivalent to net settlement. The 
amendments to IFRS 7 contain new disclosure requirements for financial assets and liabilities that are offset in the 
statement of financial position or subject to master netting arrangements or similar arrangements. The Company 
intends to adopt the amendments to IFRS 7 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 1, 
2013, and the amendments to IAS 32 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning January 1, 2014. The 
extent of the impact of adoption of the amendments has not yet been determined. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Consolidated Financial Statements 

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements. IFRS 10 replaces portions of IAS 27 
Consolidated Separate Financial Statements, that addresses consolidation, and supersedes SIC-12, Consolidation - 
Special Purpose Entities (“SPE”), in its entirety. IFRS 10 provides a single model to be applied in the analysis of control 
of all investees, including entities that currently are SPEs in the scope of SIC-12. In addition, the consolidation 
procedures specified in IFRS 10 are carried forward substantially unmodified from IAS 27.  

Joint Arrangements 

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements. IFRS 11 supersedes IAS 31 Interest in Joint Ventures and 
SIC-13, Jointly Controlled Entities - Non-Monetary Contributions by Venturers. Through an assessment of the rights and 
obligations in an arrangement, IFRS 11 establishes principles to determine the type of joint arrangement, which are 
classified as either joint operations or joint ventures and provides guidance for financial reporting activities required by 
the entities that have an interest in arrangements that are controlled jointly. Investments in joint ventures are required 
to be accounted for using the equity method.  

As a result of the issuance of IFRS 10 and IFRS 11, IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures, has been 
amended to correspond to the guidance provided in IFRS 10 and IFRS 11. 

Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities 

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities, which contains disclosure requirements 
for companies that have interests in subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates and unconsolidated structured 
entities.   

IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12, and the amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 28 are all effective for annual periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2013. Early adoption is permitted, so long as IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12, and the 
amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 28 are adopted at the same time. However, entities are permitted to incorporate any of 
the disclosure requirements in IFRS 12 into their financial statements without early adopting IFRS 10, IFRS 11, 
amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 28.  The Company intends to adopt IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 and the 
amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 28 in its consolidated financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 
1, 2013. The extent of the impact of adoption of IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 and the amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 
28 has not yet been determined. 

Fair Value Measurement 

In May 2011, the IASB published IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, which is effective prospectively for annual periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2013.  IFRS 13 replaces the fair value measurement guidance contained in individual 
IFRS standards with a single source of fair value measurement guidance. The standard also establishes a framework 
for measuring fair value and sets out disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The Company intends to 
adopt IFRS 13 prospectively in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2013. The extent 
of the impact of adoption of IFRS 13 has not yet been determined. 

Presentation of Financial Statements 

In June 2011, the IASB published amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, which are effective for 
annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2012 and are to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. 
These amendments require that a company present separately the items of other comprehensive income that may be 
reclassified to profit or loss in the future from those that would never be reclassified to profit or loss. The Company 
intends to adopt these amendments in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2013. 
The extent of the impact of adoption of these amendments has not yet been determined. 

  36 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Employee Benefits 

In June 2011, the IASB published an amended version of IAS 19 Employee Benefits. Adoption of the amendment is 
required for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The amendment is 
generally applied retrospectively with certain exceptions. The amendment will require the calculation of expected return 
on plan assets to be based on the rate used to discount the defined benefit obligation. The amendment also requires 
other additional disclosures. The Company intends to adopt the amendment in its financial statements for the annual 
period beginning on January 1, 2013. Where required, the Company will apply this amendment retrospectively. The 
extent of the impact of adoption of the amendment has not yet been determined. 

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING  

The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that material 
information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to Management in a 
timely manner so that information required to be disclosed by the Company under securities legislation is recorded, 
processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable securities legislation. 

The Company’s Management, under the direction and supervision of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer, is also responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting. These 
controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. 

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated, or caused to be evaluated under 
their supervision, the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls 
and procedures as at December 31, 2011 and have concluded that such controls and procedures are effective. 

In addition, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred 
during the period beginning January 1, 2011 and ended on December 31, 2011 that have materially affected, or are 
reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS 

These are the first audited annual consolidated financial statements that comply with IFRS. The accounting policies set 
out in Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements have been applied in preparing the consolidated financial 
statements for the year ended December 31, 2011, the comparative information presented in these consolidated 
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010, and in the preparation of the opening consolidated 
balance sheets at January 1, 2010. 

First-time adopters of IFRS must apply the provisions of IFRS 1. IFRS 1 requires adopters to retrospectively apply all 
effective IFRS standards as of the reporting date (December 31, 2011) with certain optional exemptions and certain 
mandatory exceptions. The IFRS 1 optional exemptions and mandatory exceptions applied in the conversion from 
previous Canadian GAAP to IFRS are outlined below. 

An explanation of how the transition from Canadian GAAP to IFRS has affected the Company’s financial position and 
financial performance, and cash flows, is set out in the following reconciliations and the explanatory notes that 
accompany the reconciliations. Reconciliations of the consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income and 
shareholders’ equity for the respective periods are below. Changes to the cash flows were not material as a result of the 
conversion to IFRS. 

IFRS 1 Optional Exemptions 

Business Combinations  

IFRS 1 provides an exemption that allows an entity to elect not to retrospectively restate business combinations prior 
to January 1, 2010 (“transition date”) in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations. The retrospective basis would 
require restatement of all business combinations that occurred prior to the transition date. The Company elected not to 
retrospectively apply IFRS 3 to business combinations that occurred prior to the transition date and such business 
combinations have not been restated. Any goodwill arising on such business combinations prior to the transition date 
has not been adjusted from the carrying value previously determined under Canadian GAAP. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Fair Value as Deemed Cost  

IFRS 1 allows an entity to elect to measure property and equipment at fair value in the opening IFRS balance sheet. 
Fair value would then become the deemed cost of the item. Alternatively, an entity can retrospectively apply the 
historical cost model in IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment, to arrive at the carrying value of property and equipment 
at the transition date. The Company elected to retrospectively apply the historical cost model for property and 
equipment on the transition date. 

Employee Benefits 

IFRS 1 provides the option to retrospectively apply the “corridor approach” under IAS 19 Employee Benefits, for the 
recognition of actuarial gains and losses, or to recognize all cumulative gains and losses deferred under previous 
Canadian GAAP in opening retained earnings at the transition date. The Company elected to recognize all cumulative 
actuarial gains and losses that existed on the transition date in opening retained earnings for all of its employee  
benefit plans.  

Cumulative Currency Translation Differences 

Retrospective application of IFRS would require the Company to determine cumulative currency translation differences 
in accordance with IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, from the date a foreign subsidiary or 
associate was formed or acquired.  IFRS 1 allows an entity to elect not to calculate the translation differences 
retrospectively and to reset cumulative translation gains and losses to zero at the transition date. The Company elected 
to reset all cumulative translation gains and losses that existed in the cumulative transition adjustment (“CTA”) 
balance to zero in opening retained earnings at the transition date. The CTA balance as of January 1, 2010 of  
$48.1 million was recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings, with an offset to accumulated other comprehensive 
income resulting in no impact on total equity.  

Share-based Payment Transactions  

IFRS 1 allows an entity to elect to be exempt from retrospectively applying the requirements of IFRS 2 Share-based 
Payments for awards that are vested or settled prior to the transition date. The Company elected to apply this 
exemption.  There are several differences between IFRS 2 and Canadian GAAP. For example, when a share-based 
award vests in instalments over the vesting period (graded vesting), IFRS 2 requires each instalment to be accounted 
for as a separate arrangement. Canadian GAAP as applied by the Company in prior periods allows an entity to treat the 
entire award as a pool, determine fair value using the average life of the instruments and then recognize the 
compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. This difference resulted in an increase in 
contributed surplus of $4.1 million and a decrease in retained earnings of $4.1 million as at the transition date, with 
no impact on total equity. 

Decommissioning Liabilities Included in the Cost of Property and Equipment 

IFRS 1 allows an entity to elect not to retrospectively apply the requirements of International Financial Reporting 
Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) 1 Changes in Existing Decommissioning, Restoration and Similar Liabilities. The 
Company elected not to retrospectively recognize changes to these liabilities under IFRIC 1 that may have occurred 
prior to the transition date. 

Borrowing Costs 

IAS 23 Borrowing Costs requires an entity to capitalize borrowing costs relating to qualifying assets.  Under IFRS 1, an 
entity may elect to apply the transitional provisions of IAS 23, which allow an entity to choose the date to apply the 
capitalization of borrowing costs relating to all qualifying assets as either the transition date or an earlier date. The 
Company elected to apply the transitional provisions of IAS 23 and chose the transition date as the date to commence 
the capitalization of borrowing costs to all qualifying assets. 

IFRS 1 Mandatory Exceptions 

Hedge Accounting  

Hedge accounting may only be applied prospectively from the transition date to transactions that meet the hedge 
accounting criteria in IAS 39 Financial Instruments  – Recognition and Measurement, at that date. Hedging relationships 
cannot be designated retrospectively and the supporting documentation cannot be created retrospectively. The 
Company designated all hedges appropriately under IFRS as of the transition date. 

  38 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Non-controlling Interests  

An entity must apply the requirements of IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, which relate to non-
controlling interests prospectively from the transition date. 

Estimates   

Estimates previously determined under Canadian GAAP cannot be revised due to the application of IFRS except where 
necessary to reflect differences in accounting policies. 

Reconciliations of Canadian GAAP to IFRS 

In preparing its opening IFRS consolidated financial statements, the Company has adjusted amounts reported 
previously in financial statements prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. A summary of how the transition from 
Canadian GAAP to IFRS has affected the Company’s financial position and financial performance is set out below. For 
further detail on the transitional adjustments from Canadian GAAP to IFRS see Note 27 in the consolidated financial 
statements for the year ended December 31, 2011. 

Reconciliation of Shareholders’ Equity as Reported under Canadian GAAP to Total Equity under IFRS 

The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s shareholders’ equity reported in accordance with Canadian GAAP to 
its total equity in accordance with IFRS:  

($ thousands) 

December 31,  
2010 

January 1, 
2010 

Shareholders’ equity under Canadian GAAP 

 $   1,217,377  

 $   1,189,050  

Reclassification of non-controlling interest to 

total equity under IFRS 

          84,836  

          81,070  

Differences increasing (decreasing) reported 

total equity: 

  Property and equipment 

  Biological assets 

Impairment of goodwill 

  Employee benefits 

  Capitalization of borrowing costs 

  Deferred income taxes 

Increase in subsidiary interest 

Total equity under IFRS 

         (13,493) 

         (12,261) 

            1,820  

           (9,021) 

         (96,300) 

       (102,219) 

        (260,046) 

       (218,270) 

            1,512  

                   –  

          52,237  

          53,454  

           (1,171) 

                   –  

 $     986,772     

 $     981,803  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Reconciliation of Net Earnings as Reported under Canadian GAAP to IFRS 

Year ended December 31 

($ thousands) 

Net earnings under Canadian GAAP 

Add back: non-controlling interest 

Differences increasing (decreasing) reported amount: 

Depreciation of asset components 

Depreciation of leasehold improvements 

Revaluation of biological assets 

Share-based compensation 

Capitalization of borrowing costs 

Employee benefits 

Hedge accounting 

Income taxes 

Net earnings under IFRS 

Reconciliation of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as Reported under Canadian GAAP to IFRS 

Year ended December 31 

($ thousands) 

Comprehensive income under Canadian GAAP 

Differences increasing (decreasing) reported amount: 

Differences in net earnings 

Non-controlling interest   

Hedge accounting 

Change in accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment 

related to impairment of goodwill 

Change in accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment 

related to leasehold improvements 

Employee benefits 

Comprehensive loss under IFRS 

2010 

 $       25,822  

            6,193  

           (1,116) 

              (310) 

          10,841  

            1,789  

            1,512  

           (8,083) 

               276  

           (1,311) 

 $       35,613  

2010 

 $         1,486  

            3,598  

            6,193  

              (182) 

            5,919  

              194  

         (33,693) 

$      (16,485) 

  40 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES 

The Company uses the following non-IFRS measures: Adjusted Operating Earnings, Adjusted EPS, EBITDA, Net Debt 
and Return on Net Assets (“RONA”). Management believes that these non-IFRS measures provide useful information to 
investors in measuring the financial performance of the Company for the reasons outlined below. These measures do 
not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore they may not be comparable to similarly titled 
measures presented by other publicly traded companies and should not be construed as an alternative to other 
financial measures determined in accordance with IFRS. 

Adjusted Operating Earnings 

The following table reconciles earnings from operations before restructuring and other related costs and associated 
gains, other income (expense) and the impact of the change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps, 
unrealized (gains) losses on commodity futures contracts and the change in fair value of biological assets to net 
earnings as reported under IFRS in the audited consolidated statements of earnings for the years ended as indicated 
below. Management believes that this is the most appropriate basis on which to evaluate operating results, as 
restructuring and other related costs, other income (expense) and the change in fair value of non-designated interest 
rate swaps, unrealized (gains) losses on commodity futures contracts and the change in fair value of biological assets 
net of tax and non-controlling interest, are not representative of operational results.  

Total costs that are not allocated to segmented operating earnings of $1.2 million for the year (2010: $0.8 million) 
comprise $4.3 million (2010: $5.9 million) of expenses related to the implementation of SAP, $0.9 million (2010:  
$3.1 million) of consulting fees relating to the Company’s Board renewal program and the change in its shareholder 
base, and $nil (2010: $2.8 million) related to research and benchmarking studies that formed the basis of the 
Company’s Value Creation Plan. These costs are included in Adjusted Operating Earnings.  

Also included in non-allocated costs is a gain of $4.0 million (2010: $10.9 million) related to the net effect of a  
$1.0 million loss (2010: $10.8 million gain) due to changes in fair value of biological assets and a $5.0 million 
unrealized gain (2010: $0.1 million) on commodity futures contracts. These have been excluded from Adjusted 
Operating Earnings to provide a more comparable assessment of the Company’s operating results, as these amounts 
are not reflective of the operating earnings of the Company during the year.  

 ($ thousands) 

Net earnings 

Income taxes 

Earnings from operations  

before income taxes 

Interest expense 

Change in the fair value of non- 

designated interest rate swaps 

December 31, 2011 

Meat 
Products 
Group 

Agribusiness 
Group 

Bakery 
Products 
Group 

Unallocated 

costs  Consolidated 

 $      87,331  

         24,469  

 $    111,800  

         70,747  

         10,960  

Other income 

         (8,547) 

             (958) 

          (414)             (413)          (10,332) 

Restructuring and other related costs 

        31,130  

                  -  

      46,356            2,309            79,795  

Earnings from Operations 

 $     95,987  

 $      81,895  

 $   86,294    $     (1,206)   $    262,970  

(Increase) decrease in fair value of  

biological assets 

                 -  

                  -  

               -  

         1,027              1,027  

Unrealized (gains) losses on  

commodity futures contracts 

                 -  

                  -  

               -            (4,981)            (4,981) 

Adjusted Operating Earnings 

 $     95,987  

 $      81,895  

 $   86,294    $     (5,160)   $    259,016  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
management’s discussion and analysis 

($ thousands) 

Net earnings 

Income taxes 

Earnings from operations  

before income taxes 

Interest expense 

Change in the fair value of non- 

designated interest rate swaps 

December 31, 2010 

Meat 
Products 
Group 

Agribusiness 
Group 

Bakery 
Products 
Group 

Unallocated 

costs  Consolidated 

 $      35,613  

         19,077  

 $      54,690  

         64,874  

         24,922  

Other income 

           (992) 

698 

           (57) 

            189  

             (162) 

Restructuring and other related costs 

        64,001  

       (22) 

      15,548  

         1,581  

         81,108  

Earnings from Operations  

$     81,281  

$      50,505  

$   94,399  

$        (753) 

 $    225,432  

(Increase) decrease in fair value  

of biological assets 

                -  

                  -  

              -  

      (10,841) 

        (10,841) 

Unrealized (gains) losses on  

commodity futures contracts 

                -  

                  -  

              -  

           (112) 

             (112) 

Adjusted Operating Earnings  

$     81,281   $      50,505  

$  94,399  

 $   (11,706) 

 $    214,479  

($ thousands) 

Net earnings 

Income taxes 

Earnings from operations  

before income taxes 

Interest expense 

Change in the fair value of non- 

designated interest rate swaps 

December 31, 2009(i) 

Meat 
Products 
Group 

Agribusiness  
Group 

Bakery 
Products 
Group 

Unallocated 

costs  Consolidated 

 $     60,049  

        27,296  

 $     87,345  

        81,234  

                 -  

Other income 

               (69) 

            (894) 

(2,152)

           (498) 

         (3,613) 

Restructuring and other related costs 

         22,298  

          2,026  

4,908  

         1,913  

        31,145  

Adjusted Operating Earnings  

 $      55,388  

 $    48,023  

$ 102,155  

 $     (9,455) 

 $   196,111  

(i) 

2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or before January 1, 2010. 

  42 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
        
   
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Adjusted Earnings per Share 

The following table reconciles Adjusted Earnings per Share to basic earnings per share as reported under IFRS in the 
audited consolidated statements of earnings for the years ended as indicated below. Management believes this is the 
most appropriate basis on which to evaluate financial results as restructuring and other related costs and associated 
gains, the impact of the change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps, unrealized (gains) losses on 
commodity futures contracts and the change in fair value of biological assets net of tax and non-controlling interest are 
not representative of operational results.  

($ per share) 

2011 

2010 

2009(v) 

December 31, 

Basic earnings per share 

 $          0.59  

 $           0.22 

 $         0.40  

Restructuring and other related costs(i) 

          0.41  

             0.44 

            0.17 

Gains associated with restructuring and   

   other related activities(ii) 

       (0.02) 

           – 

                 –  

Change in the fair value of non-designated     

   interest rate swaps(iii) 

             0.06  

             0.13  

                 –  

Change in the fair value of unrealized (gains)  

   losses on commodity futures contracts(iii) 

           (0.03) 

 – 

                 –  

Change in the fair value of biological assets(iii) 

             0.01  

             (0.06) 

                 –  

Adjusted Earnings per Share (iv) 

 $          1.01  

 $           0.73  

 $           0.57  

(i) 

Includes per share impact of restructuring and other related costs, net of tax and non-controlling interest. 

(ii)  Gains associated with restructuring and other related activities are net of tax. 

(iii) 

Includes per share impact of the change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps, unrealized (gains) losses on commodity 
futures contracts and the change in fair value of biological assets, net of tax. 

(iv)  May not add due to rounding. 

(v)  2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or before January 1, 2010. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization  

The following table reconciles earnings from operations before restructuring and other related costs and associated 
gains, change in the fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps, unrealized (gains) losses on commodity futures 
contracts and the change in fair value of biological assets, interest, income taxes and depreciation and intangible asset 
amortization to net earnings as reported under IFRS in the audited consolidated statements of earnings for the years 
ended as indicated below. Management believes EBITDA is useful in assessing the performance of the Company’s 
ongoing operations and its ability to generate cash flows to fund its cash requirements, including the Company’s 
capital investment program. 

($ thousands) 

Net earnings 

Income taxes 

December 31, 

2011 

2010 

2009(i) 

 $       87,331  

 $       35,613  

 $       60,049  

24,469  

          19,077  

          27,296  

Earnings from operations before income taxes 

 $     111,800  

 $       54,690  

 $       87,345  

Interest expense 

70,747  

          64,874  

          81,234  

Restructuring and other related costs 

79,795  

          81,108  

          31,145  

Gains associated with restructuring and  

   other related activities 

          (4,129) 

                   –  

                   –  

Change in the fair value of non-designated     

   swaps, biological assets and unrealized  

   (gains) losses on commodity futures contracts 

           7,006  

          13,969  

                   –  

Depreciation and amortization 

        125,990  

        143,211  

        149,489  

EBITDA 

 $     391,209  

 $     357,852  

 $     349,213  

(i) 

2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or before January 1, 2010. 

Net Debt 

The following table reconciles Net Debt used in net debt to EBITDA ratios reflected on page 17 to amounts reported 
under IFRS in the audited consolidated balance sheets as at the years ended as indicated below. 

The Company calculates Net Debt as long-term debt and bank indebtedness, less cash and cash equivalents. 
Management believes this measure is useful in assessing the amount of financial leverage employed.  

($ thousands) 

2011 

2010 

2009(i) 

December 31, 

Bank indebtedness 

 $       36,404  

 $       15,858  

 $        4,247  

Current portion of long-term debt 

5,618  

        496,835  

    206,147  

Long-term debt 

Sub-total 

        941,956  

        389,078  

     834,557  

 $     983,978  

 $     901,771  

 $  1,044,951  

Cash and cash equivalents 

                   –  

                   –  

     (29,316) 

Net Debt 

 $     983,978  

 $     901,771  

 $  1,015,635  

(i) 

2009 figures are in accordance with Canadian GAAP, effective on or before January 1, 2010. 

  44 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

Return on Net Assets 

Return on Net Assets is calculated by dividing tax-effected earnings from operations before restructuring and other 
related costs, the change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps and interest by average monthly net 
assets. Net assets are defined as total assets less cash, future tax assets and non-interest bearing liabilities. 
Management believes that RONA is an appropriate basis upon which to evaluate long-term financial performance. 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This document contains, and the Company’s oral and written public communications often contain, “forward-looking 
information” within the meaning of applicable securities law. These statements are based on current expectations, 
estimates, forecasts and projections about the industries in which the Company operates and beliefs and assumptions 
made by the Management of the Company. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to 
objectives and goals, as well as statements with respect to beliefs, plans, objectives, expectations, anticipations, 
estimates and intentions. Specific forward-looking information in this document includes, but is not limited to, 
statements with respect to the anticipated benefits, timing, actions, costs and investments associated with the 
Company’s Value Creation Plan, expectations regarding improving business trends, expectations regarding actions to 
reduce costs, restore and/or promote volumes and/or increase prices, improve efficiencies, expected duplicative 
overhead costs incurred due to the concurrent operation of the new Hamilton fresh bakery and existing bakeries, the 
expected use of cash balances, source of funds for ongoing business requirements, capital investments and debt 
repayment, and expectations regarding sufficiency of the allowance for uncollectible accounts and expectations 
regarding the timing of plant closures and LEED® certification. Words such as “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, 
“attempt”, “may”, “will”, “plan”, “believe”, “seek”, “estimate”, and variations of such words and similar expressions are 
intended to identify such forward-looking information. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and 
involve assumptions and risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. 

In addition, these statements and expectations concerning the performance of the Company’s business in general are 
based on a number of factors and assumptions including, but not limited to: the condition of the Canadian, U.S., U.K. 
and Japanese economies; the rate of exchange of the Canadian dollar to the U.S. dollar, U.K. British pound and the 
Japanese yen; the availability and prices of raw materials, energy and supplies; product pricing; the availability of 
insurance; the competitive environment and related market conditions; improvement of operating efficiencies whether 
as a result of the Value Creation Plan or otherwise; continued access to capital; the cost of compliance with 
environmental and health standards; no adverse results from ongoing litigation; no unexpected actions of domestic and 
foreign governments; and the general assumption that none of the risks identified below or elsewhere in this document 
will materialize. All of these assumptions have been derived from information currently available to the Company 
including information obtained by the Company from third-party sources. These assumptions may prove to be 
incorrect in whole or in part. In addition, actual results may differ materially from those expressed, implied or 
forecasted in such forward-looking information, which reflect the Company’s expectations only as of the date hereof. 

Factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from the results expressed, implied or 
forecasted by forward-looking information includes, among other things:  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the risks associated with implementing and executing the Company’s Value Creation Plan 

the risks associated with changes in the Company’s shared systems and processes 

the risks posed by food contamination, consumer liability and product recalls  

the risks associated with the Company’s outstanding indebtedness  

the risks associated with acquisitions and capital expansion projects 

the impact on pension expense and funding requirements of fluctuations in the market prices of fixed income and 
equity securities and changes in interest rates 

the cyclical nature of the cost and supply of hogs and the competitive nature of the pork market generally  

the risks related to the health status of livestock  

the impact of a pandemic on the Company’s operations 

the Company’s exposure to currency exchange risks  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC.|   45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
management’s discussion and analysis 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the ability of the Company to hedge against the effect of commodity price changes through the use of commodity 
futures and options 

the impact of changes in the market value of the biological assets and hedging instruments  

the impact of international events on commodity prices and the free flow of goods  

the risks posed by compliance with extensive government regulation  

the risks posed by litigation 

the impact of changes in consumer tastes and buying patterns 

the impact of extensive environmental regulation and potential environmental liabilities  

the risks associated with a consolidating retail environment  

the risks posed by competition 

the risks associated with complying with differing employment laws and practices globally, the potential for work 
stoppages due to non-renewal of collective agreements, and recruiting and retaining qualified personnel 

the risks associated with the Company’s independent distributors  

the risks associated with pricing the Company’s products 

the risks associated with managing the Company’s supply chain 

the risks associated with failing to identify and manage the strategic risks facing the Company. 

The Company cautions the reader that the foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. These factors are discussed in 
more detail under the heading “Risk Factors” presented previously in this document. The reader should review such 
section in detail.  

Some of the forward-looking information may be considered to be financial outlooks for purposes of applicable 
securities legislation including, but not limited to, statements concerning capital expenditures and cash restructuring 
costs. These financial outlooks are presented to allow the Company to benchmark the results of its Value Creation Plan. 
These financial outlooks may not be appropriate for other purposes and readers should not assume they will be 
achieved. 

The Company does not intend to, and the Company disclaims any obligation to, update any forward-looking 
information, whether written or oral, or whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise except as 
required by law.  

Additional information concerning the Company, including the Company’s Annual Information Form, is available on 
SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

Maple Leaf Foods Inc. is a leading Canadian value-added meat, meals and bakery company committed to delivering 
quality food products to consumers around the world. Headquartered in Toronto, Canada, the Company employs 
approximately 19,500 people at its operations across Canada and in the United States, Europe and Asia.  

  46 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
independent auditors’ report 

To the Shareholders of Maple Leaf Foods Inc. 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Maple Leaf Foods Inc., which comprise the 
consolidated balance sheets as at December 31, 2011, December 31, 2010 and January 1, 2010, the consolidated 
statements of earnings, comprehensive loss, changes in total equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 
2011 and December 31, 2010, and notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other 
explanatory information. 

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management determines 
is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditors’ Responsibility 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We 
conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require 
that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about 
whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the 
consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment of the 
risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those 
risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the 
consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but 
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes 
evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our audit opinion. 

Opinion 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial 
position of Maple Leaf Foods Inc. as at December 31, 2011, December 31, 2010 and January 1, 2010, and its 
consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 
December 31, 2010 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

Chartered Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants 
Toronto, Canada 

February 27, 2012 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
consolidated balance sheets  

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 

ASSETS 
Current assets 
  Cash and cash equivalents 
  Accounts receivable (Note 4) 
  Notes receivable (Note 4) 
Inventories (Note 5) 

  Biological assets (Note 6) 

Income and other taxes recoverable 
   Prepaid expenses and other assets 

Property and equipment (Note 7) 
Investment property (Note 8) 
Employee benefits (Note 9) 
Other long-term assets  
Deferred tax asset (Note 19) 
Goodwill (Note 10) 
Intangible assets (Note 11) 

Total assets 

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 

Current liabilities 
  Bank indebtedness (Note 13) 
  Accounts payable and accruals 
  Provisions (Note 12) 
  Current portion of long-term debt (Note 13) 
   Other current liabilities 

Long-term debt (Note 13) 
Employee benefits (Note 9) 
Provisions (Note 12) 
Other long-term liabilities (Note 14) 
Deferred tax liability (Note 19) 

Total liabilities  

Shareholders’ equity 
Share capital (Note 15) 
Retained earnings (deficit) 
Contributed surplus 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 15) 
Treasury stock 

Total shareholders’ equity  
Non-controlling interest 

Total equity 

Total liabilities and equity 

As at December 31,  As at December 31, 

2011 

2010    

 As at January 1, 
2010 

(See Note 27) 

(See Note 27) 

 $                –  
        133,504    
          98,545    
        293,231    
          49,265    
          43,789    
          24,688     

 $     643,022  
     1,067,246  
          11,232    
        133,942    
          11,926    
        127,456    
        753,739    
        191,896     

 $  2,940,459  

 $                –    
        108,739    
        109,012    
        275,643    
          45,440    
          29,957    
          14,766     
 $     583,557    
     1,042,886    
            6,832    
        173,243    
            9,455    
        101,848    
        752,911    
        164,178     
 $   2,834,910     

 $       29,316  
        372,330  
                   –  
        298,320  
          42,568  
          18,067  
          15,328  

 $     775,929  
     1,102,032  
            6,646  
        206,584  
            8,220  
          83,330  
        755,059  
        137,239  

 $   3,075,039  

 $       36,404    
        482,059    
          44,255    
            5,618    
          20,409     

 $     588,745  
        941,956    
        350,853    
          28,936    
          88,153    
          11,703     

 $  2,010,346  

 $     902,810  
         (78,674) 
          64,327    
         (17,042) 
           (6,347)    

 $     865,074  
          65,039     

 $     930,113  

 $  2,940,459  

 $       15,858    
        475,980    
          39,822    
        496,835    
          63,465     
 $   1,091,960     
        389,078    
        224,407    
          26,452    
          89,839    
          26,402     
 $  1,848,138     

 $     902,810    
           (5,267)   
          59,002    
         (22,585)   
         (10,078)    
 $     923,882    
          62,890     
 $     986,772     
 $  2,834,910     

 $         4,247 
        633,247  
          25,511  
        206,147  
          37,837  

 $     906,989  
        834,557  
        203,577  
          27,022  
          89,781  
          31,310  

$  2,093,236  

 $     869,353  
          24,076  
          57,486  
           (5,055) 
         (24,499) 

 $     921,361  
          60,442  

 $     981,803  

 $  3,075,039  

Commitments and contingencies (Note 22) 

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

On behalf of the Board: 

MICHAEL H. MCCAIN 

DIRECTOR 

DIANE MCGARRY 

DIRECTOR 

  48 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
consolidated statements of earnings 

Years ended December 31 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts) 

2011 

2010 

Sales 

Cost of goods sold 

Gross margin 

Selling, general and administrative expenses 

Earnings before the following: 

 $     4,893,624 

 $      4,968,119  

        4,126,460 

         4,219,237  

 $        767,164 

 $         748,882  

           504,194 

            523,450  

 $        262,970 

 $         225,432  

Restructuring and other related costs (Note 12) 

            (79,795)

             (81,108) 

Change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps (Note 16) 

            (10,960)

             (24,922) 

Other income (Note 17) 

Earnings before interest and income taxes 

Interest expense (Note 18) 

Earnings before income taxes 

Income taxes (Note 19) 

Net earnings  

Attributed to: 

Common shareholders 

Non-controlling interest 

Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders (Note 20) 

Basic earnings per share 

Diluted earnings per share 

             10,332 

                  162  

 $        182,547 

 $         119,564  

             70,747 

              64,874  

 $        111,800 

 $           54,690  

             24,469 

              19,077  

 $          87,331 

 $           35,613  

 $          82,134 

 $           29,310  

               5,197 

               6,303  

 $          87,331 

 $           35,613  

 $              0.59 

 $              0.22  

 $              0.58 

 $              0.21  

Weighted average number of shares (millions) 

               138.7 

               135.6  

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
consolidated statements of comprehensive loss 

Years ended December 31 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 

Net earnings 

Other comprehensive (loss) income 

2011 

2010 

$         87,331  

 $         35,613  

Change in accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment 

$           5,651  

 $        (14,197) 

Change in unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges 

                282  

             (4,208) 

Change in asset ceiling and minimum funding requirements 

           12,680  

            29,832  

Change in actuarial gains and losses 

        (128,832) 

           (63,525) 

Comprehensive loss 

Attributed to: 

Common shareholders 

Non-controlling interest 

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

$      (110,219) 

 $        (52,098) 

$        (22,888) 

 $        (16,485) 

$        (26,979) 

 $        (21,031) 

             4,091  

              4,546  

  50 

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consolidated statements of changes in total equity 

Attributable to common shareholders 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 

Total   
        accumulated 
other   
Share    Retained  Contributed  comprehensive 
loss   

capital    earnings 

surplus   

Non-   

Treasury  controlling 

stock   

interest   

Total   
equity   

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $  902,810     $   (5,267)    $   59,002   

 $      (22,585)    $ (10,078)  

 Net earnings 

               –        82,134    

–   

                    –                  –   

 $  62,890    $ 986,772   
       5,197         87,331   

 Other comprehensive 

  income (loss) 

               –     (114,656)  

–   

            5,543                  –   

      (1,106)     (110,219)  

 Dividends declared 

 ($0.16 per share) 

               –       (22,386)  

–   

                    –                  –   

      (1,830)       (24,216)  

 Stock-based compensation 

 expense 

                 –                  –         19,393    

                    –                  –   

 Decrease in minority interest 

               –                  –   

–   

                    –                  –   

 Issue of stock from treasury 

     (18,499)        (14,068)  

                    –        32,567   

 Re-purchase of treasury stock 

               –                  –                   –    

                    –       (28,836)  

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $  902,810    $  (78,674)    $   64,327   

 $      (17,042)   $  (6,347)  

               –         19,393   
         (112)            (112)  
               –                   –   
               –        (28,836)  
 $  65,039    $ 930,113   

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 

Attributable to common shareholders 

Total   
        accumulated 
other   
Retained Contributed  comprehensive 
loss   
surplus   
earnings 

Share   
capital   

Non-   

Treasury  controlling 

stock   

interest   

Total   
equity   

Balance at January 1, 2010 

 $  869,353   

 $  24,076     $     57,486   

 $         (5,055)    $  (24,499)  

 Net earnings 

               –   

     29,310   

                –   

                   –   

              –   

 Other comprehensive loss 

               –   

    (32,811)  

                –   

          (17,530)  

              –   

 $   60,442     $ 981,803   
        6,303          35,613   
   (52,098)  
       (1,757)  

 Dividends declared 

 ($0.16 per share) 

               –   

    (21,677)  

                –   

                   –   

              –   

         (747)        (22,424)  

 Stock-based compensation 

 expense 

               –   

              –   

       15,936   

                   –   

              –   

 Share options exercised 

        3,288   

              –   

                –   

                   –   

              –   

 Subscription receipts 

 and warrants 

      30,156   

              –            (2,157)  

                   –   

              –   

 Shares issued from treasury 

             13   

              –                 (13)  

                   –   

              –   

 Premium on shares issued from 

 Restricted Share Unit Trust 

               –          (2,665)         (12,250)  

                   –   

     14,915   

 Re-purchase of treasury stock 

               –   

              –   

                –   

                   –   

         (494)  

 Increase in subsidiary interest 

               –          (1,500)  

                –   

                   –   

              –   

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $  902,810   

 $   (5,267)    $     59,002   

 $       (22,585)    $  (10,078)  

               –          15,936   
       3,288   
               –   

               –          27,999   
              –   
               –   

              –   
               –   
               –             (494)  
      (2,851)  
       (1,351)  
 $   62,890     $ 986,772   

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
    
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
    
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
consolidated statements of cash flows 

Years ended December 31 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN): 

Operating activities 
  Net earnings 

Add (deduct) items not affecting cash: 

  Change in fair value of biological assets 

  Depreciation and amortization 

Stock-based compensation 

  Deferred income taxes 

Income tax current 

Interest expense 

  Gain on sale of property and equipment 

2011 

2010 

 $           87,331  

 $           35,613  

               1,027  

         (10,841) 

           125,990  

            143,211  

              19,393  

              15,936  

               5,896  

             (10,953) 

              18,573  

              30,030  

             70,747  

              64,874  

              (6,987) 

                  (217) 

  Change in fair value of non-designated interest rate swaps 

             10,959  

              24,922  

  Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments 

              (3,924) 

               1,096  

  Decrease in pension asset 

  Net income taxes paid 

Interest paid 

             10,364  

               7,006  

            (17,703) 

             (39,298) 

             (57,969) 

             (60,812) 

  Change in provision for restructuring and other related costs 

              43,563  

              60,823  

  Other 

  Change in non-cash operating working capital 

Cash provided by operating activities 

              (6,540) 

               (2,729) 

             (55,886) 

              26,519  

 $         244,834  

 $         285,180  

Financing activities 

  Dividends paid 

  Dividends paid to non-controlling interest 

  Net increase (decrease) in long-term debt 

Increase in share capital 

Increase in financing costs 

Purchase of treasury stock 

  Other 

Cash used in financing activities 

Investing activities 

Additions to long-term assets 

  Capitalization of interest expense 

Purchase of subsidiary shares 

Proceeds from sale of long-term assets 

   Other 

Cash used in investing activities 

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents 

Net cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 

Net cash and cash equivalents, end of period 

Net cash and cash equivalents is comprised of: 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Bank indebtedness 

Net cash and cash equivalents, end of period 

 $          (22,386) 

 $          (21,677) 

              (1,830) 

                  (747) 

               5,195  

           (168,764) 

                      –  

              31,287  

              (6,610) 

               (2,656) 

            (28,836) 

                  (494) 

              (1,512) 

               (1,439) 

$          (55,979) 

$         (164,490) 

$        (229,171) 

$         (162,304) 

              (5,600) 

               (1,512) 

                      –  

               (2,690) 

             24,267  

               4,610  

               1,103  

                  279  

 $        (209,401) 

$        (161,617) 

 $          (20,546) 

 $          (40,927) 

             (15,858) 

              25,069  

$          (36,404) 

 $          (15,858) 

 $                    – 

 $                    – 

            (36,404) 

             (15,858) 

$          (36,404) 

 $          (15,858) 

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

  52 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

(Tabular amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 
Years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 

1.  THE COMPANY 

Maple Leaf Foods Inc. (“Maple Leaf Foods” or the “Company”) is a leading Canadian-based value-added meat, meals 
and bakery company, serving wholesale, retail and foodservice customers across North America and internationally. 
The address of the Company’s registered office is Suite 1500, 30 St. Clair Avenue West, Toronto, Ontario, M4V 3A2, 
Canada. The consolidated financial statements of the Company as at and for the year ended December 31, 2011 
include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company’s results are organized into three segments: 
Meat Products Group, Agribusiness Group and Bakery Products Group. 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION 

(a)  Statement of Compliance 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and using the accounting 
policies described herein. These are the Company’s first annual consolidated financial statements prepared in 
accordance with IFRS and therefore the Company has applied IFRS 1 First-time adoption of International Financial 
Reporting Standards. An explanation of how the transition from Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 
(“GAAP”) to IFRS as at January 1, 2010 (“transition date”) has affected the reported financial position, financial 
performance and cash flows of the Company, including the mandatory exceptions and optional exemptions under  
IFRS 1 is provided in Note 27 of these financial statements. 

The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on February 27, 2012. 

(b)  Basis of Measurement 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial 
instruments, biological assets, defined benefit plan assets and liabilities, and liabilities associated with certain stock-
based compensation, that are stated at fair value. 

(c)  Functional and Presentation Currency 

The consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the Company’s functional currency. 

(d)  Use of Estimates and Judgements 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires Management to make 
judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of 
assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are 
recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. 

Information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgements in applying accounting policies 
that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are included 
in the following notes: 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Valuation  

The values associated with intangible assets and goodwill involve significant estimates and assumptions, including 
those with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates and asset lives. These estimates and 
assumptions could affect the Company’s future results if the current estimates of future performance and fair values 
change. These determinations will affect the amount of amortization expense on definite life intangible assets 
recognized in future periods. 

The Company assesses impairment by comparing the recoverable amount of an intangible asset or goodwill with its 
carrying value. The recoverable amount is defined as the higher of: (i) value in use; or (ii) fair value less cost to sell. The 
determination of the recoverable amount involves Management judgement and estimation.

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   53 

 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Allowance for Bad Debts  

The Company establishes an appropriate provision for uncollectible or doubtful accounts. Estimates of recoverable 
amounts are based on Management’s best estimate of a customer’s ability to settle its obligations, and actual amounts 
received may be affected by various factors, including changes in individual customer financial conditions. To the 
extent that actual losses on uncollectible accounts differ from those estimated in the Company’s provision, both 
accounts receivable and net earnings will be affected. 

Provisions for Inventory  

Management makes estimates of the future customer demand for products when establishing appropriate provisions 
for inventory. In making these estimates, Management considers product life of inventory and the profitability of recent 
sales of inventory. In many cases, product sold by the Company turns quickly and inventory on-hand values are lower, 
thus reducing the risk of material misstatement. However, in the fresh and prepared meats businesses, code, or  
“best before” dates are very important in the determination of realizable value, and inventory values are significant. 
Management ensures that systems are in place to highlight and properly value inventory that may be approaching code 
dates. To the extent that actual losses on inventory differ from those estimated, both inventory and net earnings will  
be affected. 

Biological Assets 

Biological assets are measured at each reporting date, at fair value less costs to sell, except when fair value cannot be 
reliably measured. If fair value cannot be reliably measured, biological assets are measured at cost minus depreciation 
and impairment losses. Although a reliable measure of fair value may not be available at the point of initial recognition, 
it may subsequently become available. In such circumstances, biological assets are measured at fair value less costs to 
sell from the point at which the reliable measure of fair value becomes available. Gains and losses that arise on 
measuring biological assets at fair value less costs to sell are recognized in the statement of earnings in the period in 
which they arise. Costs to sell include all costs that would be necessary to sell the biological assets, including costs 
necessary to get the biological assets to market. 

Trade Merchandise Allowances and Other Trade Discounts  

The Company provides for estimated payments to customers based on various trade programs and contracts that often 
include payments that are contingent upon attainment of specified sales volumes. Significant estimates used to 
determine these liabilities include the projected level of sales volume for the relevant period and the historical 
promotional expenditure rate compared to contracted rates. These arrangements are complex and there are a 
significant number of customers and products affected. Management has systems and processes in place to estimate 
and value these obligations. To the extent that payments on trade discounts differ from estimates of the related 
liability, both accrued liabilities and net earnings will be affected. 

Employee Benefit Plans  

The cost of pensions and other retirement benefits earned by employees is actuarially determined using the projected 
unit credit method prorated on service and Management’s best estimate of expected plan investment performance, 
salary escalation, retirement ages of employees, mortality rates and expected heath care costs. Discount rates used in 
actuarial calculations are based on long-term interest rates and can have a material effect on the amount of plan 
liabilities. Management employs external experts to advise the Company when deciding upon the appropriate estimates 
to use to value employee benefit plan obligations and expenses.  

Income Taxes  

Provisions for income taxes are based on domestic and international statutory income tax rates and the amount of 
income earned in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Significant judgement is required in determining 
income tax provisions and the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The calculation of current and deferred income tax 
balances requires Management to make estimates regarding the carrying values of assets and liabilities that include 
estimates of future cash flows and earnings related to such assets and liabilities, the interpretation of income tax 
legislation in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, and the timing of reversal of temporary differences. The 
Company establishes additional provisions for income taxes when, despite Management’s opinion that the Company’s 
tax positions are fully supportable, there is sufficient complexity or uncertainty in the application of legislation that 
certain tax positions may be reassessed by tax authorities. The Company adjusts these additional accruals in light of 
changing facts and circumstances. 

  54 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Provisions  

The Company evaluates all provisions at each reporting date. These provisions can be significant and are prepared 
using estimates of the costs of future activities. In certain instances, Management may determine that these provisions 
are no longer required or that certain provisions are insufficient as new events occur or as additional information is 
obtained. Provisions are separately identified and disclosed in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.   

Stock-based Compensation 

The Company uses estimates including but not limited to estimates of forfeitures, share price volatility, dividends, 
expected life of the award, risk-free interest rates, and company performance in the calculation of the liability for 
certain stock-based incentive plans. These estimates are based on previous experience and may change throughout the 
life of an incentive plan. Such changes could impact the carrying value of contributed surplus and net earnings. 

Depreciation and Amortization 

The Company’s property and equipment and definite life intangible assets are depreciated and amortized on a straight-
line basis, taking into account the expected useful lives of the assets and residual values. Changes to these estimates 
may affect both the carrying value of these assets and net earnings. 

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated 
financial statements and in preparing the opening IFRS consolidated balance sheet at January 1, 2010 for the 
purposes of the transition to IFRS, unless otherwise indicated. 

(a)  Principles of Consolidation 

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries from the date that 
control commences until the date that control ceases. Control exists when the Company has the power, directly or 
indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. Non-
controlling interest represents the portion of a subsidiary’s net earnings and net assets that are attributable to  
shares of such subsidiary not held by the Company. Acquisitions of non-controlling interests are accounted for as 
transactions with equity holders in their capacity as equity holders; therefore no goodwill is recognized as a result of 
such transactions.  

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. 

(b)  Translation of Foreign Currencies 

The accounts of the Company are presented in Canadian dollars. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at 
the actual rates of exchange. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date 
are translated to the Canadian dollar at the exchange rate at that date. Foreign exchange differences arising on 
translation are recognized in net earnings except for financial assets and liabilities designated as hedges of the net 
investment in foreign operations or qualifying cash flow hedges, which are recognized in other comprehensive income. 
Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the 
date of the transaction. 

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries whose unit of measure is not the Canadian dollar are translated into 
Canadian dollars using the exchange rate in effect at the period-end for assets and liabilities and the average exchange 
rates for the period for revenue, expenses and cash flows. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are 
recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income in total equity.  

When a foreign operation is disposed of, the relevant amount in the cumulative foreign currency translation differences 
is transferred to profit or loss as part of the profit or loss on disposal. On the partial disposal of a subsidiary that 
includes a foreign operation, the relevant portion of the cumulative foreign currency translation differences is  
re-attributed to non-controlling interest. In any other partial disposal of a foreign operation, the relevant portion is 
reclassified to profit or loss. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from a receivable or payable to a foreign operation, the settlement of which 
is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future and which in substance is considered to form part of the 
net investment in the foreign operations, are recognized in other comprehensive income in the accumulated foreign 
currency translation differences.  

(c)  Financial Instruments 

The Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities upon initial recognition are measured at fair value and are 
classified as held-for-trading, loans and receivables, or other financial liabilities. The classification depends on the 
purpose for which the financial instruments were acquired and their characteristics. Held-for-trading is the required 
classification for all derivative financial instruments unless they are specifically designated within an effective hedge 
relationship. Held-for-trading financial instruments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in 
consolidated statements of earnings in the period in which such changes arise. Loans and receivables and other 
financial liabilities are initially recorded at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortized cost. 

Financial assets are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any objective evidence of 
impairment. A financial asset is considered to be impaired if objective evidence indicates that one or more events have 
had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset, with impairment losses recognized in the 
consolidated statements of earnings. If in a subsequent period, the impairment loss decreases, the previously 
recognized impairment is reversed to the extent of the impairment. 

Transaction costs, other than those related to financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss, 
which are expensed as incurred, are capitalized to the carrying amount of the instrument and amortized using the 
effective interest method. 

(d)  Hedge Accounting 

The Company uses derivatives and other non-derivative financial instruments to manage its exposures to fluctuations 
in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. 

At the inception of a hedging relationship, the Company designates and formally documents the relationship between 
the hedging instrument and the hedged item, its risk management objective and its strategy for undertaking the hedge. 
The documentation identifies the specific asset, liability or anticipated cash flows being hedged, the risk that is being 
hedged, the type of hedging instrument used and how effectiveness will be assessed.  

The Company also formally assesses, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether or not the derivatives 
that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting the changes attributable to the hedged risks in 
the fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. If a hedge relationship becomes ineffective, it no longer qualifies for 
hedge accounting and any subsequent change in the fair value of the hedging instrument is recognized in earnings. 

When hedge accounting is appropriate, the hedging relationship is designated as a cash flow hedge, a fair value hedge 
or a hedge of foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a self-sustaining foreign operation. In a cash flow hedge, 
the change in fair value of the hedging instrument is recorded, to the extent it is effective, in other comprehensive 
income until the hedged item affects net earnings. In a fair value hedge, the change in fair value of the hedging 
derivative is offset in the consolidated statements of earnings by the change in fair value of the hedged item relating to 
the hedged risk. 

In a net investment hedge, the change in fair value of the hedging instrument is recorded, to the extent effective, 
directly in other comprehensive income. These amounts are recognized in earnings when the corresponding 
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from self-sustaining foreign operations are recognized in earnings. The 
Company has designated certain U.S. dollar-denominated notes payable as net investment hedges of U.S. operations. 

Hedge ineffectiveness is measured and recorded in current period earnings in the consolidated statements of earnings. 
When either a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge is discontinued, any cumulative adjustment to either the hedged 
item or other comprehensive income is recognized in net earnings as the hedged item affects net earnings, or when the 
hedged item is derecognized. If a designated hedge is no longer effective, the associated derivative instrument is 
subsequently carried at fair value through net earnings without any offset from the hedged item. 

Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, and 
subsequent changes in their fair value are recorded in the consolidated statements of earnings. 

  56 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

(e)  Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances, demand deposits and investments with an original maturity at the 
date of purchase of three months or less.  

(f) 

Inventories 

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined substantially on a first-
in, first-out basis. The cost of inventory includes direct product costs, direct labour and an allocation of variable and 
fixed manufacturing overhead including depreciation. When circumstances that previously caused inventories to be 
written down below cost no longer exist or when there is clear evidence of an increase in the net realizable value, the 
amount of a write-down previously recorded is reversed through cost of goods sold. 

(g)  Biological Assets 

Biological assets consist of live hogs and poultry, and eggs. For the purposes of valuation, these assets are categorized 
as either parent stock or commercial stock. Parent stock represents animals held and bred for the purpose of 
generating commercial stock and to replace parent stock nearing the end of its productive cycle. Commercial stock is 
held for the purposes of further processing or eventual sale, at which point it becomes inventory. The fair value of 
commercial stock is determined based on market prices of livestock of similar age, breed, and generic merit less costs 
to sell the assets, including estimated costs necessary to transport the assets to market. Where reliable market prices 
of parent stock are not available, it is valued at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment 
losses. No active liquid market exists for parent stock as they are rarely sold. Hog parent stock is depreciated on a 
straight-line basis over three years, whereas poultry parent stock is depreciated on a straight-line basis over six to 
eight months. 

Biological assets are transferred into inventory at fair value less costs to sell at the point of delivery. 

(h)  Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets 

The Company reviews long-lived assets or asset groups held and used including property and equipment and 
intangible assets subject to amortization, for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that 
their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Asset groups referred to as Cash Generating Units (“CGUs”) include an 
allocation of Corporate assets and are reviewed at their lowest level for which identifiable cash inflows are largely 
independent of cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets. The recoverable amount is the greater of its value in 
use and its fair value less cost to sell.  

Value in use is based on estimates of discounted future cash flows expected to be recovered from a CGU through its 
use. Management develops its cash flow projections based on past performance and its expectations of future market 
and business developments. Once calculated, the estimated future pre-tax cash flows are discounted to their present 
value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks 
specific to the asset.  

Fair value less cost to sell is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset or CGU in an arm’s length transaction 
between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal. Costs of disposal are incremental costs directly 
attributable to the disposal of an asset or CGU, excluding finance costs and income tax expense. 

An impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings when the carrying amount of any asset or 
its CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses recognized in respect of CGUs are allocated first 
to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to reduce the carrying amount of the 
other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. 

Impairment losses related to long-lived assets recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any 
indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change 
in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the 
asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation 
and amortization, if no previous impairment loss had been recognized.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Long-lived assets are classified as held for sale, and are separately presented in the consolidated balance sheets, when 
certain criteria are met and the sale is expected to be completed within one year. Any liabilities directly associated with 
such assets are also separately presented in the consolidated balance sheets. These assets and liabilities, or disposal 
groups, are subsequently measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Non-current 
assets classified as held for sale are no longer depreciated. Any further gains or losses not previously recognized at the 
date that long-lived assets are classified as held for sale, shall be recognized in earnings at the date of sale.  

(i)  Property and Equipment 

Property and equipment with the exception of land are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and any net 
accumulated impairment losses. Land is carried at cost and not depreciated. For qualifying assets, cost includes 
interest capitalized during the construction or development period. Construction-in-process assets are capitalized 
during construction and depreciation commences when the asset is available for use. Depreciation related to assets 
used in production is recorded in inventory and cost of goods sold, depreciation related to non-production assets is 
recorded through selling, general and administrative expense, and calculated on a straight-line basis, after taking into 
account residual values, over the following expected useful lives of the assets: 

Buildings, including other components 

Machinery and equipment 

15-40 years 

3-10 years 

When parts of an item of property and equipment have different useful lives, those components are accounted for as 
separate items of property and equipment. 

(j) 

Investment Property 

Investment property comprises properties owned by the Company that are held either to earn rental income, for capital 
appreciation, or both. The Company’s investment properties include land and buildings.  

Investment properties are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses, 
with the exception of land which is recorded at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. The depreciation policies 
for investment properties are consistent with those of property and equipment.  

(k)  Goodwill and Intangible Assets 

Goodwill 

Goodwill is the residual amount that results when the purchase price of an acquired business exceeds the sum of the 
amounts allocated to identifiable assets acquired, less liabilities assumed, based on their fair values. Goodwill is 
allocated as of the date of the business combination to the group of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the 
synergies of the business combination, but no lower than the level in the Company at which goodwill is monitored for 
internal management purposes.  

Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and otherwise as required if 
events occur that indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment of goodwill is tested at the 
CGU group level by comparing the carrying amount to its recoverable amount, consistent with the methodology applied 
in Note 3(h). 

  58 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Intangible Assets 

Intangible assets include computer software, trademarks, customer relationships, poultry production quota and 
delivery routes. Definite life intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any net 
accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings on a straight-
line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows: 

Trademarks 

Computer software 

Customer relationships 

10 years 

3-10 years 

20-25 years 

Indefinite life intangibles including trademarks, poultry production quota and delivery routes are tested for impairment 
annually in the fourth quarter and otherwise as required if events occur that indicate that the carrying value may not 
be recoverable.  

Upon recognition of an intangible asset the Company determines if the asset has a definite or indefinite life. In making 
this determination the Company considers the expected use, expiry of agreements, the nature of the asset, and 
whether the value of the asset decreases over time. 

(l)  Employee Benefit Plans 

The Company provides post-employment benefits through defined benefit and defined contribution plans. 

Defined Benefit Plans 

The Company accrues obligations and costs in respect of employee defined benefit plans. The cost of pensions and 
other retirement benefits earned by employees is actuarially determined using the projected unit credit method 
prorated on service and Management’s best estimate of expected plan investment performance, salary escalation, 
retirement ages of employees, mortality rates and expected health care costs. Changes in these assumptions could 
affect future pension expense. The fair value of plan assets is used as the basis of calculating the expected return on 
plan assets. The discount rate used to value the defined benefit obligation is based on high-quality corporate bonds, in 
the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid and with terms to maturity that, on average, match 
the terms of the defined benefit obligations. Past service costs arising from plan amendments are amortized on a 
straight-line basis over the expected remaining vesting period. To the extent that the benefits vest immediately, the 
expense is recognized in net earnings. 

Actuarial gains and losses due to changes in defined benefit plan assets and obligations are recognized immediately in 
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). When a restructuring of a benefit plan gives rise to both a curtailment 
and settlement of obligations, the curtailment is accounted for prior to the settlement. 

When the calculation results in a benefit (asset), the recognized asset is limited to the total of any unrecognized past 
service costs and the present value of economic benefits available in the form of future refunds from the plan or 
reductions in future contributions to the plan (the “asset ceiling”). In order to calculate the present value of economic 
benefits, consideration is given to minimum funding requirements that apply to the plan. Where it is anticipated that 
the Company will not be able to recover the value of the net defined benefit asset, after considering minimum funding 
requirements for future services, the net defined benefit asset is reduced to the amount of the asset ceiling. The impact 
of the asset ceiling is recognized in comprehensive income. 

When future payment of minimum funding requirements related to past service would result in a net defined  
benefit asset (surplus) or an increase in a surplus, the minimum funding requirements are recognized as a liability  
to the extent that the surplus would not be fully available as a refund or a reduction in future contributions.  
Re-measurement of this liability is recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which the  
re-measurement occurs. 

Defined Contribution Plans 

The Company’s obligations for contributions to employee defined contribution pension plans are recognized in the 
consolidated statement of earnings in the periods during which services are rendered by employees.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Multi-employer Plans 

The Company participates in multi-employer pension plans, which are accounted for as defined contribution plans. 
The Company does not administer these plans but rather the administration and the investment of these assets are 
controlled by a board of trustees consisting of union and employer representatives. The Company’s responsibility to 
make contributions to these plans is established pursuant to its collective agreements. The contributions made by the 
Company to the multi-employer plans are expensed when due. 

(m)  Stock-Based Compensation 

The Company applies the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation. The fair value at grant date of 
stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units 
(“RSUs”) including performance share units (“PSUs”) is measured based on the fair value of the underlying shares on 
the grant date. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected vesting period of the stock-
based compensation. The Company estimates forfeitures at the grant date and revises the estimate as necessary if 
subsequent information indicates that actual forfeitures differ significantly from the original estimate. The fair value of 
deferred share units (“DSUs”) is measured based on the fair value of the underlying shares at each reporting date. 

(n)  Provisions 

Provisions are liabilities of the Company for which the amount and/or timing of settlement is uncertain. A provision is 
recognized in the consolidated financial statements when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation 
as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the 
obligation. If the effect is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax 
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, when appropriate, the risks specific to 
the liability. 

(o)  Revenue Recognition 

The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from the sale of product to retail and foodservice customers as well 
as the sale of rendering products and by-products to industrial and agricultural customers. The Company recognizes 
revenue from product sales at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of estimated returns and an 
estimate of sales incentives provided to customers. Revenue is recognized when the customer takes ownership of the 
product, title has transferred, all the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer, recovery of the 
consideration is probable, the Company has satisfied its performance obligations under the arrangement, and has no 
ongoing involvement with the sold product. The value of sales incentives provided to customers are estimated using 
historical trends and are recognized at the time of sale as a reduction of revenue. Sales incentives include rebate and 
promotional programs provided to the Company’s customers. These rebates are based on achievement of specified 
volume or growth in volume levels and other agreed promotional activities. In subsequent periods, the Company 
monitors the performance of customers against agreed upon obligations related to sales incentive programs and makes 
any required adjustments to both revenue and sales incentive accruals as required. 

Except for fresh bread, the Company generally does not accept returns of spoiled products from customers. For 
product that may not be returned, the Company in certain cases provides customers with allowances to cover any 
damage or spoilage, and such allowances are deducted from sales at the time of revenue recognition. In the case of 
fresh bread, customer returns are deducted from revenue.  

(p)  Borrowing Costs 

Borrowing costs primarily comprise interest on the Company’s indebtedness. Borrowing costs are capitalized when 
they are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset. The Company defines 
qualifying assets as any asset that requires in excess of six months to prepare for its intended use. Borrowing costs are 
calculated using the Company’s average borrowing cost excluding the costs associated with the derecognition of 
accounts receivables under securitization programs. Borrowing costs that are not attributable to a qualifying asset are 
expensed in the period in which they are incurred and reported within interest expense in the consolidated statements 
of earnings. 

  60 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

(q)  Income Taxes 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the consolidated statement of 
earnings except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other 
comprehensive income.  

Current tax expense represents the amount of income taxes payable in respect of the taxable profit for the period, 
based on tax law that is enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date, and is adjusted for changes in 
estimates of tax expense recognized in prior periods. A current tax liability (or asset) is recognized for income tax 
payable (or paid but recoverable) in respect of all periods to date. 

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and 
liabilities are recognized for the deferred tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement 
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are 
measured using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which 
those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. In addition, the effect on deferred tax assets and 
liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in both net earnings and comprehensive income in the period in which 
the enactment or substantive enactment takes place. A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax 
credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be 
available to utilize such amounts. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to the 
extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefits will be realized. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and 
the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where the timing of the 
reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Company and it is probable that the temporary difference will 
not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

(r)  Recent Accounting Pronouncements  

Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement 

In October 2010, the IASB published amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (IFRS 9 (2010)) which provide added 
guidance on the classification and measurement of financial liabilities. IFRS 9 (2010) supersedes IFRS 9 (2009) and is 
effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015, with early adoption permitted. For annual periods 
beginning before January 1, 2015, either IFRS 9 (2009) or IFRS 9 (2010) may be applied. The Company intends to 
adopt IFRS 9 (2010) in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2015. The extent of the 
impact of adoption of IFRS 9 (2010) has not yet been determined.  

Financial Instruments – Disclosures 

In October 2010, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. These amendments 
require disclosure of information that enables users of financial statements to understand the relationship between 
transferred financial assets that are not derecognized in their entirety and the associated liabilities; and to evaluate the 
nature of, and risks associated with, the Company’s continuing involvement in derecognized financial assets. The 
amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2012 and therefore the Company will 
apply the amendments in the first quarter of 2012. When applied, it is expected that the amendments to IFRS 7 will 
increase the current level of disclosure of transfers of financial assets. 

Financial Assets and Liabilities 

In December 2011 the IASB published amendments to International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 32 Financial 
Instruments: Presentation and issued new disclosure requirements in IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. The 
effective date for the amendments to  
IAS 32 is annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014. The effective date for the amendments to IFRS 7 is 
annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. These amendments are to be applied retrospectively. 

The amendments to IAS 32 clarify when an entity has a legally enforceable right to off-set as well as clarify, when a 
settlement mechanism provides for net settlement, or gross settlement that is equivalent to net settlement. The 
amendments to IFRS 7 contain new disclosure requirements for financial assets and liabilities that are offset in the 
statement of financial position or subject to master netting arrangements or similar arrangements. The Company 
intends to adopt the amendments to IFRS 7 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 1, 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

2013, and the amendments to IAS 32 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning January 1, 2014. The 
extent of the impact of adoption of the amendments has not yet been determined. 

Consolidated Financial Statements 

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements. IFRS 10 replaces portions of IAS 27, 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, that addresses consolidation, and supersedes SIC-12, Consolidation - 
Special Purpose Entities (“SPE”), in its entirety. IFRS 10 provides a single model to be applied in the analysis of control 
of all investees, including entities that currently are SPEs in the scope of SIC-12. In addition, the consolidation 
procedures specified in IFRS 10 are carried forward substantially unmodified from IAS 27.  

Joint Arrangements 

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 11, Joint Arrangements. IFRS 11 supersedes IAS 31 Interest in Joint Ventures and 
SIC-13 Jointly Controlled Entities - Non-Monetary Contributions by Venturers. Through an assessment of the rights and 
obligations in an arrangement, IFRS 11 establishes principles to determine the type of joint arrangement, which are 
classified as either joint operations or joint ventures, and provides guidance for financial reporting activities required 
by the entities that have an interest in arrangements that are controlled jointly. Investments in joint ventures are 
required to be accounted for using the equity method.  

As a result of the issuance of IFRS 10 and IFRS 11, IAS 28, Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures, has been 
amended to correspond to the guidance provided in IFRS 10 and IFRS 11. 

Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities 

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities, which contains disclosure  
requirements for companies that have interests in subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates and unconsolidated 
structured entities.  

IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12, and the amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 28 are all effective for annual periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2013. Early adoption is permitted, so long as IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12, and the 
amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 28 are adopted at the same time. However, entities are permitted to incorporate any of 
the disclosure requirements in IFRS 12 into their financial statements without early adopting IFRS 10, IFRS 11,  
the amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 28. The Company intends to adopt IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 and the 
amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 28 in its consolidated financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 
1, 2013. The extent of the impact of adoption of IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 and the amendments to IAS 27 and IAS 
28 has not yet been determined. 

Fair Value Measurement 

In May 2011, the IASB published IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, which is effective prospectively for annual periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2013. IFRS 13 replaces the fair value measurement guidance contained in individual 
IFRSs with a single source of fair value measurement guidance. The standard also establishes a framework for 
measuring fair value and sets out disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The Company intends to adopt 
IFRS 13 prospectively in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2013. The extent of the 
impact of adoption of IFRS 13 has not yet been determined. 

Presentation of Financial Statements 

In June 2011, the IASB published amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: Presentation of Items of 
Other Comprehensive Income, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2012 and are to be 
applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. These amendments require that a company present separately the 
items of other comprehensive income that may be reclassified to profit or loss in the future from those that would never 
be reclassified to profit or loss. The Company intends to adopt these amendments in its financial statements for the 
annual period beginning on January 1, 2013. The extent of the impact of adoption of these amendments has not yet 
been determined. 

Employee Benefits 

In June 2011, the IASB published an amended version of IAS 19 Employee Benefits. Adoption of the amendment is 
required for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The amendment is 
generally applied retrospectively with certain exceptions. The amendment will require the calculation of expected return 
on plan assets to be based on the rate used to discount the defined benefit obligation. The amendment also requires 
other additional disclosures. The Company intends to adopt the amendment in its financial statements for the annual 

  62 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

period beginning on January 1, 2013. Where required, the Company will apply this amendment retrospectively. The 
extent of the impact of adoption of the amendment has not yet been determined. 

4.  ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND NOTES RECEIVABLE 

Under revolving securitization programs, the Company has sold certain of its trade accounts receivable to an entity 
owned by a financial institution. The Company retains servicing responsibilities and retains a very limited recourse 
obligation for delinquent receivables. At December 31, 2011, trade accounts receivable being serviced under these 
programs amounted to $254.3 million (December 31, 2010: $265.2 million). In return for the sale of its trade 
receivables, the Company received cash of $155.8 million (December 31, 2010: $156.2 million) and notes receivable in 
the amount of $98.5 million (December 31, 2010: $109.0 million). The notes receivable are non-interest bearing and 
are due on the settlement dates of the securitized accounts receivable. 

In October 2010, the Company finalized new trade accounts receivable securitization agreements that require the sale 
of trade accounts receivable to be treated as a sale from an accounting perspective and as a result, trade accounts 
receivable balances sold under these programs are derecognized in the consolidated balance sheets as at December 31, 
2010 and December 31, 2011. The agreements expire in October 2013. 

The Company recorded $27.7 million of notes receivable on December 31, 2010, which should have been recorded as 
accounts receivable in an equivalent amount. These balances have been re-classified in the December 31, 2010 
comparative figures. The Company has determined that these amounts were not material to its consolidated financial 
statements for any prior interim or annual periods. 

Components of accounts receivable are as follows: 

As at December 31, 

As at December 31, 

As at January 1, 

2011 

2010 

2010 

Trade receivables 

 $     81,477  

 $       65,084    

 $     352,344  

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts 

          (5,789) 

           (6,764) 

         (10,204) 

Net trade receivables 

Other receivables: 

         75,688  

          58,320     

        342,140  

  Commodity taxes receivable 

        26,141  

          19,643    

          13,095  

Interest rate swap receivable 

         8,204 

            1,686    

            2,214  

  Receivable from divested business 

                –  

          16,898    

                   –  

  Government and insurance receivables 

          7,454  

            2,354    

            8,365  

  Other 

        16,017  

            9,838    

            6,516  

 $   133,504  

 $     108,739     

 $     372,330  

The aging of trade receivables is as follows:  

Current 

Past due 0-30 days 

Past due 31-60 days 

Past due 61-90 days 

Past due > 90 days 

As at December 31, 

As at December 31, 

As at January 1, 

2011 

2010 

2010 

 $       72,232    

 $       58,876  

$      250,631  

           7,938    

            4,640  

          81,015  

              534    

               788  

            8,242  

              434    

               281  

            2,963  

              339    

               499  

            9,493  

 $       81,477     

 $       65,084  

$      352,344  

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notes to the consolidated financial statements 

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that represents its estimate of the uncollectible amounts. 
The components of this allowance include a provision related to specific losses estimated on individual exposures and a 
provision based on historical trends of collections. 

5. 

INVENTORIES 

Raw materials 

Work in process 

Finished goods 

Packaging 

Spare parts 

As at December 31, 

As at December 31, 

As at January 1, 

2011 

2010 

2010 

$       46,247    

 $       36,076  

 $       39,374  

        16,805    

          16,838  

          12,845  

       166,251    

        158,073  

        182,687  

        24,580    

          25,381  

          25,697  

        39,348    

          39,275  

          37,717  

$     293,231     

 $     275,643  

 $     298,320  

During the year, inventory in the amount of $3,459.0 million (2010: $3,649.7 million) was expensed through cost of 
goods sold. There were no reversals of previous write downs recognized. 

6.  BIOLOGICAL ASSETS 

Hog stock 

Poultry stock 

Commercial  

 Parent  

 Commercial  

 Parent  

 Total  

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $   27,642  

$    7,922  

 $     5,083  

$    4,793  

$    45,440  

Additions and purchases 

    153,948  

      3,620  

      77,856  

      5,966  

  241,390  

  Depreciation 

               –  

    (3,393) 

               –  

    (5,879) 

    (9,272) 

  Change in fair value 

       1,284  

               –  

          200  

             –  

      1,484  

Further processing and sales 

  (151,912) 

               –  

    (78,516) 

             –  

 (230,428) 

   Foreign currency translation 

          651  

               –  

               –  

             –  

         651  

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $   31,613  

$    8,149  

 $     4,623  

$    4,880  

$    49,265  

Hog stock 

Poultry stock 

Commercial  

 Parent  

 Commercial  

 Parent  

 Total  

Balance at January 1, 2010 

 $     24,321  

 $     8,615  

 $      5,343  

 $     4,289  

 $     42,568  

Additions and purchases 

    135,910  

        2,974  

      79,916  

        6,308  

    225,108  

  Depreciation 

               –  

       (3,667) 

               –  

       (5,804) 

       (9,471) 

  Change in fair value 

        5,291  

               –  

            (79) 

               – 

        5,212  

Further processing and sales 

    (135,659) 

               –   

     (80,097) 

               –

    (215,756) 

   Foreign currency translation 

       (2,221) 

               –  

               –  

               –  

       (2,221) 

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $     27,642  

 $     7,922  

 $      5,083  

 $     4,793  

 $     45,440  

Hog stock comprised approximately 0.3 million animals as of December 31, 2011 (December 31, 2010: 0.4 million; 
January 1, 2010: 0.4 million). During the year, substantially all hog stock was transferred to the Company’s primary 
processing operations. 

  64 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Poultry stock comprised approximately 6.2 million eggs and 0.5 million birds as of December 31, 2011 (December 31, 
2010: 6.2 million eggs and 0.5 million birds; January 1, 2010: 6.5 million eggs and 0.4 million birds). During the year, 
substantially all poultry stock was transferred to the Company’s primary processing operations. 

Transfers from biological assets to inventory at point of delivery for the year were $230.4 million (December 31, 2010: 
$215.8 million). 

The change in fair value of commercial hog and poultry stock for the year was a loss of $1.0 million as at December 31, 
2011 (December 31, 2010: gain of $10.8 million) and was recorded in cost of goods sold. 

The Company has established environmental policies and procedures that comply with local environmental and other 
laws. Management performs regular reviews to identify environmental risks and to ensure that the systems in place are 
adequate to manage those risks.  

The Company’s biological asset operations can be affected by outbreaks of disease among livestock. To mitigate this 
risk, the Company monitors herd health status and has strict bio-security procedures and employee training programs 
throughout its livestock production operation. The Company also insures itself against the potential impacts of  
these risks. 

7.  PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT 

Cost  

Land 

Buildings 

 Machinery  
 and 
equipment  

Under 
construction  

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $  70,828  

 $ 716,296  

 $ 1,584,434  

 $   94,531    $  2,466,089  

  Additions 

              –  

      41,030  

        73,981 

      67,195  

      182,206  

  Disposals and write downs  

  due to restructuring 

     (3,673) 

    (38,514) 

       (88,427) 

               –  

     (130,614) 

  Other 

          (76) 

         (111) 

            512  

               –  

             325  

Interest capitalized 

           92  

           838  

          1,742  

               –  

          2,672  

  Foreign currency translation 

          (27) 

         (410) 

         (1,058) 

          (166) 

        (1,661) 

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $  67,144  

 $ 719,129  

 $ 1,571,184  

 $ 161,560    $  2,519,017  

Accumulated depreciation 

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $           –  

$  317,693  

 $1,098,680  

 $            –    $  1,416,373  

  Additions 

  Disposals and 

              –  

      29,089  

        92,047  

              –  

      121,136  

  restructuring charges 

              –  

    (29,771) 

       (64,899) 

             –  

       (94,670) 

  Other 

              –  

           (49) 

           (682) 

            –  

           (731) 

  Foreign currency translation 

              –  

         (153) 

         (1,416) 

            –  

        (1,569) 

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $           –  

 $ 316,809  

 $1,123,730  

 $            – 

 $  1,440,539  

Carrying amounts 

  At December 31, 2011 

 $  67,144  

 $ 402,320  

 $    447,454  

 $ 161,560    $  1,078,478  

  Transferred to investment property 

Total property and equipment 

       (11,232) 

 $  1,067,246  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Cost  

Land 

Buildings 

 Machinery  
and  
equipment  

Under 
construction  

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2010 

 $  77,875  

 $   743,810  

 $   1,603,653  

 $    94,740  

 $   2,520,078  

  Additions 

              –  

       19,253  

       120,034  

             (23) 

       139,264  

  Disposals and write downs  

  due to restructuring 

     (7,002) 

      (43,495) 

      (128,532) 

           (133) 

      (179,162) 

  Other 

          84  

            277  

             542  

           169  

          1,072  

Interest capitalized 

          58  

             77  

             620  

                 –  

             755  

  Foreign currency translation 

        (187) 

        (3,626) 

        (11,883) 

           (222) 

        (15,918) 

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $  70,828  

 $   716,296  

 $   1,584,434  

 $    94,531  

 $   2,466,089  

Accumulated depreciation 

Balance at January 1, 2010 

 $            –  

 $   317,299  

 $   1,094,101  

 $             –  

 $   1,411,400  

  Additions 

  Disposals and 

              –  

       28,330  

       112,453  

                 –  

       140,783  

  restructuring charges 

              –  

      (29,166) 

      (101,492) 

                 –  

      (130,658) 

  Other 

              –  

         2,028  

             399  

                 –  

          2,427  

  Foreign currency translation 

              –  

           (798) 

          (6,781) 

                 –  

          (7,579) 

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $            –  

 $   317,693  

 $   1,098,680  

 $              –  

 $   1,416,373  

Carrying amounts 

  At December 31, 2010 

 $   70,828  

 $   398,603  

 $      485,754  

 $    94,531  

 $   1,049,716  

  Transferred to investment property 

Total property and equipment 

          (6,832) 

 $   1,042,884  

As at January 1, 2010 amounts transferred to investment properties were $6.6 million. 

Impairment 

During the year the Company recorded $14.4 million (2010: $44.0 million) of impairment through restructuring and 
other related costs. The Company recognized reversals of impairments of $0.7 million (2010: $nil) also through 
restructuring and other related costs. 

Property and Equipment under Construction 

At the end of the year the Company had property and equipment under construction of $161.6 million. The 
construction relates to the prepared meats network transformation project and the new bakery in Hamilton, Ontario. 
As at December 31, 2011 the Company had entered into construction contracts of $109.9 million relating to  
these projects. 

Borrowing Costs 

During the year, borrowing costs of $2.7 million were capitalized (2010: $0.8 million), using an average capitalization 
rate of 6.8% (2010: 4.8%). 

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notes to the consolidated financial statements 

8. 

INVESTMENT PROPERTY 

Investment property comprised surplus land and buildings primarily resulting from restructuring activities. The fair 
value of the Company’s investment properties was $27.6 million at December 31, 2011 (2010: $20.9 million). An 
external independent valuation company provided appraisals for a total of $20.0 million of the Company’s investment 
properties, $14.0 million of which were valued in 2011. For the other investment properties, the Company determined 
the fair value based on comparable market information. Any impairment losses or reversals of impairment losses on 
investment property would be recorded through other income. No impairment losses or reversals of impairment losses 
were recorded in either of 2011 or 2010. 

During the year, the Company earned $0.3 million (2010: $0.3 million) of rental revenue from investment properties 
and recorded operating costs related to investment properties of $0.8 million (2010: $0.7 million). Rental revenue and 
related operating costs are recorded in other income unless these amounts were anticipated under a restructuring plan 
in which case they would be recorded against the restructuring provision, to the extent that it exists, with any excess 
then recorded in other income. 

The continuity of investment property for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 is as follows: 

Cost  

Opening balance 

 2011  

 2010  

 $       16,134  

 $       15,918  

Transfers from property and equipment 

         11,706  

              473  

Foreign currency translation 

Closing balance 

Depreciation 

Opening balance 

Transfers from property and equipment 

Closing balance 

Carrying amounts 

               (55) 

 $       27,785  

              (257) 

 $       16,134  

 $        9,302  

           7,251  

$       16,553  

 $         9,272  

                30  

 $         9,302  

 $       11,232  

 $         6,832  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

9.  EMPLOYEE BENEFITS  

Information about the Company’s defined benefit plans as at December 31, in aggregate, is as follows: 

 Other post-  
 retirement  
 benefits  

 Total  
 pension  

 2011  
 Total  

 Other post-  
 retirement  
 benefits  

 Total  
 pension  

 2010  
 Total  

Accrued benefit obligation: 

 Balance, beginning of year 

$     74,018   $    1,139,451  

$  1,213,469  

 $     76,310  

 $  1,023,068   $    1,099,378  

 Current service cost 

 Interest cost 

 Benefits paid 

 Actuarial (gains) losses 

 Employee contributions 

 Past service cost  

 Special termination benefits 

 Curtailments 

 558  

  3,645  

 (3,164) 

 20,160  

 53,907  

(74,503) 

 20,718  

 57,552  

(77,667) 

  664  

  17,809  

  4,321  

 57,794  

  18,473  

  62,115  

  (3,347) 

   (71,589) 

  (74,936) 

4,221  

    83,090  

 87,311  

     (3,930) 

   106,152  

   102,222  

   –  

   –  

   –  

 (1,000) 

4,534  

   –  

  3,890  

   6,470  

 4,534  

   –  

  3,890  

 5,470  

   –  

   –  

         –  

         –  

 4,184  

 1,733  

    350  

   (50) 

 4,184  

 1,733  

    350  

    (50) 

Balance, end of year 

 $    78,278    $   1,236,999  

$  1,315,277  

 $    74,018  

 $   1,139,451   $    1,213,469  

 Unfunded 

 Funded(i) 

 $    78,278   $        31,184  

 $     109,462  

 $    74,018   $        28,633   $       102,651  

   –         1,205,815  

    1,205,815  

         –  

   1,110,818  

   1,110,818  

Total obligation 

 $    78,278    $   1,236,999  

$  1,315,277  

 $    74,018  

 $   1,139,451   $    1,213,469  

(i) 

Includes wholly and partially funded plans. 

Plan assets 

 Fair value, beginning of year 

$               –   $    1,180,634  

$  1,180,634  

$              –  

 $   1,159,656   $    1,159,656  

 Expected return on plan assets 

 Actuarial gains (losses) 

 Employer contributions 

 Employee contributions 

 Benefits paid 

 Assets transferred to Company 

   –  

   –  

   3,164  

   –  

 (3,164) 

 80,221  

(83,506) 

 11,097  

   4,534  

(74,503) 

 80,221  

(83,506) 

 14,261  

 4,534  

         –  

       80,882  

       80,882  

         –  

        16,864  

        16,864  

 3,347  

         –  

 8,999  

        12,346  

 4,184  

 4,184  

(77,667) 

        (3,347) 

      (71,589) 

     (74,936) 

   defined contribution plan 

   –  

(18,484) 

(18,484) 

         –  

      (18,362) 

      (18,362) 

Fair value, end of year 

   $               –  

 $   1,099,993  

 $  1,099,993  

$              –   $    1,180,634   $    1,180,634  

Assets not recognized due to 

  asset ceiling 

$               –    $                  –  

 $                 –  

 $             –   $       (15,590) 

 $       (15,590) 

Additional liability due to 

  minimum funding requirement 

Other 

Accrued benefit asset (liability), 

   –  

   –  

   –  

   –  

  (1,627) 

  (1,627) 

 –  

 –  

        (1,498) 

        (1,498) 

        (1,241) 

        (1,241) 

  end of year 

$   (78,278)  $      (138,633) 

$   (216,911) 

 $    (74,018) 

 $       22,854  

 $       (51,164) 

  68 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of: 

As at December 31, 
2011 

As at December 31, 
2010 

As at January 1, 
2010 

Employee benefit assets 

 $    133,942  

 $     173,243  

 $      206,584  

Employee benefit liabilities 

350,853  

        224,407  

        203,577  

$   (216,911) 

$      (51,164) 

 $          3,007  

The January 1, 2010 balance included the fair value of plan assets of $1,159.7 million, offset by the fair value of plan 
obligation of $1,099.4 million, assets not recognized due to the asset ceiling of $25.7 million, additional liability from 
minimum funding requirement of $31.5 million, and other items of $0.1 million. 

Pension benefit expense recognized in net earnings: 

2011 

2010 

Current service cost  – defined benefit 

 $      20,160  

 $       17,809  

Current service cost  – defined contribution 

and multi-employer plans 

Interest cost 

Expected return on plan assets 

Past service cost 

Curtailment (gain) loss(i) 

Contractual termination benefits(i) 

Net benefit plan expense 

(i) 

Included in restructuring and other related costs. 

         24,849  

          27,275  

         53,907  

          57,794  

        (80,221) 

         (80,882) 

–  

            1,733  

           6,470  

                (50) 

           3,890  

               350 

 $       29,055  

 $       24,029  

During the year, the Company expensed salaries of $1,018.8 million (2010: $1,077.5 million) and benefits of  
$101.2 million (2010: $98.3 million) excluding pension and other post-retirement benefits. 

Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (before income taxes): 

2011 

2010 

Actuarial losses 

$    (170,817) 

$       (85,360) 

Impact of asset ceiling and minimum funding requirement 

         17,089  

          40,067  

$    (153,728) 

$       (45,293) 

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was determined based on the plans’ investment mix, the current 
rate of inflation and historical equity returns. Actual return on plan assets for the year ended December 31, 2011 was 
a loss of $3.3 million (2010: gain of $97.7 million). 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
        
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                    
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

The significant actuarial assumptions adopted in measuring the Company’s accrued benefit obligations and net benefit 
plan expense are as follows: 

2011 

2010 

Weighted average discount rate used to calculate 

 the net benefit plan expense 

5.00% 

5.75% 

Weighted average discount rate used to calculate  

year end benefit obligation 

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 

Rate of compensation increase 

Medical cost trend rates 

4.50% 

7.25% 

3.50% 

6.50% 

5.00% 

7.25% 

3.50% 

7.00% 

Plan assets comprised of: 

Equity securities 

Debt securities 

Other investments and cash 

Other post-retirement benefits expense: 

Current service cost 

Curtailment gain(i) 

Interest cost 

(i) 

Included in restructuring and other related costs. 

Impact of 1% change in health care cost trend: 

As at December 31, 

As at December 31, 

As at January 1, 

2011 

2010 

2010 

59% 

38% 

3% 

100% 

59% 

35% 

6% 

100% 

56% 

44% 

0% 

100% 

2011 

2010 

$              558  

$               664  

         (1,000) 

                  –   

           3,645    

           4,321  

$           3,203  

   $            4,985  

1% Increase 

1% Decrease 

Effect on end-of-year obligation 

$         3,787  

  $        (4,170) 

Aggregate of 2011 current service cost and interest cost 

              203  

         (227) 

Measurement dates: 

2011 expense 

Balance sheet 

  70 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

December 31, 2010 

December 31, 2011 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

The Company plans to contribute $46.1 million to the pension plans in 2012, inclusive of defined contribution plans 
and the multi-employer plans. 

Multi-employer Plans 

The Company contributes to both the Canadian Commercial Workers Industry Pension Plan and the Bakery and 
Confectionery Union and Industry Canadian Pension Fund, which are multi-employer defined benefit plans for 
employees who are members of the United Food and Commercial Workers union and the Canadian Bakery and 
Confectionery union, respectively. These are large-scale plans for union workers of multiple companies across Canada. 
Adequate information to account for these contributions as a defined benefit plan in the Company’s statements is not 
available due to the size and number of contributing employers in the plan. Included in the current service cost – 
defined contribution and multi-employer plan expense of $24.8 million (2010: $27.3 million) was $5.4 million (2010: 
$6.3 million) related to payments into this plan. The Company expects to make contributions of $5.4 million into this 
plan for the 2012 year. 

10.  GOODWILL 

Cost 

Opening balance 

December 31, 
2011 

  December 31, 
2010 

January 1, 
2010 

 $     849,211  

 $     857,278  

 $     857,278  

Adjustment and disposals 

              (94) 

              252  

                    –  

Foreign currency translation 

           1,805  

           (8,319) 

                    –  

Balance  

 $     850,922  

 $     849,211  

 $     857,278  

Impairment losses 

Opening balance 

$      (96,300) 

$     (102,219) 

$     (102,219) 

Foreign currency translations 

            (883) 

            5,919  

                    –  

Balance 

$      (97,183) 

$       (96,300) 

$     (102,219) 

Carrying amounts 

 $     753,739  

 $     752,911  

 $     755,059  

For the purposes of annual impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the following groups of Cash Generating Units 
(“CGUs”), being the groups expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combinations in which the  
goodwill arose.  

As at December 31, 
2011 

As at December 31, 
2010 

As at January 1, 
2010 

CGU Groups 

  Meat products 

  By-product recycling 

  Canadian fresh bakery 

$       442,336  

 $        442,336  

 $        443,150  

         13,845  

          13,939  

          13,939  

       173,839  

        173,839  

        172,774  

  North American frozen bakery 

       118,249  

        117,327  

        119,726  

Fresh pasta 

           5,470  

            5,470  

            5,470  

$       753,739  

 $        752,911  

 $        755,059  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Annual impairment testing involves determining the recoverable amount of each CGU group to which goodwill is 
allocated, and comparing this to the carrying value of the group. The measure of the recoverable amount of all CGU 
groups was calculated based on their fair value less costs to sell. As there was no market information available fair 
value was determined by discounting the future cash flows generated from the continuing use of the group. The 
calculation of the fair value was based on the following key assumptions: 

 

 

Cash flows were projected based on the five-year business plan in both 2010 and 2011. Cash flows for a further 
perpetual period were extrapolated using the growth rate listed below. These rates do not exceed the long-term 
average growth rate for the countries that the segments operate in. 

The five-year business plan includes forecasts up to, and including, the year 2016 and was based on past 
experience of actual operating results in conjuncture with anticipated future growth opportunities. While the 
forecast does assume some base business expansion, largely related to innovation, the primary engine of growth  
is strategic in nature and is consistent with the projects and expectations as articulated in the Company’s 
strategic plan. 

  Discount rates as shown in the table below were applied in determining the recoverable amount of each CGU 

group. The discount rate was estimated based on past experience and the weighted average cost of capital of the 
Company and other competitors in the industry. 

CGU group 

2011 

2010 

2011 

2010 

Discount Rate 

Growth Rate 

Meat products 

By-product recycling 

Canadian fresh bakery 

North American frozen bakery 

Fresh pasta 

13.2% 

9.7% 

13.2% 

10.9% 

10.6% 

13.1% 

9.7% 

10.7% 

11.5% 

10.4% 

2.5% 

2.5% 

2.5% 

2.8% 

2.5% 

2.6% 

2.6% 

2.6% 

2.8% 

2.6% 

The values assigned to the key assumptions represent Management’s assessment of future trends in the industries the CGU 
groups operate in and are based on both external and internal sources and historical trend data. 

  72 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

11.  INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

As at December 31,  
2011 

As at December 31,  
2010 

As at January 1, 
2010 

Indefinite life 

Definite life 

 $            81,569  

 $         82,046  

 $          82,175  

             110,327  

               82,132  

       55,064  

Total Intangible assets 

 $          191,896  

 $       164,178  

 $        137,239  

Cost 

 Software  

 in use     

 Software  
 in process  

 Trademarks  

 Customer  
 relationships     

 Total  

Definite life 

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $  22,027  

 $   49,350  

  $     7,932  

 $     13,366  

  $   92,675  

  Additions 

     18,932  

      11,319  

         281  

            275  

     30,807  

  Capitalization of interest 

  Disposals 

  Effect of movement in 

–  

–  

       2,928  

                –  

–  

–  

–  

       2,928  

           (830) 

        (830) 

  exchange rates 

               –  

                –  

             7  

             137  

          144  

Balance at December 31, 2011 

$   40,959     

 $   63,597     

 $    8,220     

 $     12,948      $ 125,724  

Amortization and impairment losses 

Balance at January 1, 2011 

$     1,860  

 $             –  

  $     6,125  

 $       2,558  

  $   10,543  

  Amortization 

3,729  

                –  

         652  

             473  

       4,854  

Balance at December 31, 2011 

$     5,589     

 $             –      $     6,777     

 $       3,031      $   15,397  

Carrying amounts 
   At December 31, 2011 

$   35,370     

 $   63,597      $     1,443     

 $       9,917      $ 110,327  

Indefinite life 

 Delivery  

Carrying amount 

   Trademarks     

 routes     

 Quota     

 Total  

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $  52,282  

  $        586  

 $     29,178  

  $   82,046  

  Additions 

  Disposals 

                –  

       1,284  

–  

       1,284  

         –  

        (946)

           (815) 

     (1,761) 

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $  52,282     

 $       924     

 $     28,363      $   81,569  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Cost 

 Software  

 in use     

 Software  
 in process  

Definite life 

Trademarks  

 Customer  
 relationships     

 Total  

Balance at January 1, 2010 

$   11,116  

 $   29,114  

 $     7,994  

 $     14,440  

  $   62,664  

  Additions 

     10,911  

      19,478  

  Capitalization of interest 

–  

           758  

–  

–  

                  –  

    30,389  

                  –  

         758  

  Effect of movement in 

  exchange rates 

              –  

                –  

           (62) 

         (1,074) 

      (1,136) 

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $  22,027     

 $   49,350     

 $     7,932     

 $     13,366      $   92,675  

Amortization and impairment losses 

Balance at January 1, 2010 

$        704  

 $             –  

 $     5,400  

 $       1,496  

  $     7,600  

  Amortization 

       1,156  

                –  

          727  

             545  

      2,428  

Impairment loss 

–  

                –  

–  

            623  

         623  

  Effect of movement in 

  exchange rates 

              –  

                –  

             (2) 

           (106) 

         (108)

Balance at December 31, 2010 

$     1,860     

 $             –     

 $     6,125     

 $       2,558      $   10,543  

Carrying amounts 

   At December 31, 2010 

$   20,167     

 $   49,350     

 $     1,807     

 $     10,808      $   82,132  

Carrying amount 

   Trademarks     

 routes     

 Quota     

 Total  

Balance at January 1, 2010 

 $   52,282  

 $        715  

 $     29,178  

  $   82,175  

  Disposals 

–  

         (129) 

– 

        (129) 

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $   52,282     

 $        586     

 $     29,178      $   82,046  

Indefinite life 

 Delivery  

Amortization  

Amortization is recorded through cost of goods sold or selling, general and administrative expenses depending on the 
nature of the asset.  

Borrowing costs 

During the year borrowing costs of $2.9 million (2010: $0.8 million) were capitalized using an average capitalization 
rate of 6.8% (2010: 4.8%). 

  74 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Indefinite Life Intangibles 

The following table summarizes the indefinite life intangible assets by CGU group: 

CGU groups 

  Meat products 

Fresh bakery 

As at December 31,  As at December 31, 
2010 

2011 

As at January 1, 
2010 

 $        75,063  

 $         75,878  

 $          75,878  

          6,506  

          6,168  

            6,297  

 $        81,569  

 $         82,046  

 $          82,175  

The Company performs annual impairment testing on its indefinite life intangible assets. Annual impairment testing, 
consistent with the impairment testing for goodwill as described in Note 10, involves determining the recoverable 
amount of each indefinite life intangible asset and comparing it to the carrying value. The recoverable values of the 
Company’s indefinite life intangible assets are determined as follows: 

Trademarks 

The recoverable value of trademarks is calculated using the Royalty Savings Approach, which involves present valuing 
the royalties earned by similar trademarks. The key assumptions used in this determination are: 

Royalty rate range 

Growth rate range 

Discount rate  

Quotas 

2011 

2010 

0.5–2.0% 

1.0–6.0% 

10.0% 

0.5–2.0% 

1.0–6.0% 

10.0% 

The recoverable value of quotas is determined based on recent sales of similar quota, as this is an active market and 
reliable information is readily available. 

Delivery Routes 

The recoverable value of delivery routes is determined based on discounted projected cash flows.   

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

12.  PROVISIONS 

Legal 

Environ- 
mental 

Lease 

  make-good  Restructuring(i) 

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2011 

$    1,302  

 $  22,826  

 $     7,084  

  $      35,062  

  $   66,274  

  Charges 

         120  

              –  

               –  

        79,795  

    79,915  

  Cash payments 

       (125) 

              –  

               –  

       (36,232) 

   (36,357) 

  Reversed during the period 

             –  

              –  

               –  

               –  

              –  

   Non-cash items 

       (388) 

   (346)

 (1,235) 

  (34,672)    

   (36,641) 

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $      909     

 $  22,480      $     5,849  

   $      43,953      $   73,191  

Current  

Non-current 

Total at December 31, 2011 

  $   44,255  

28,936  

   $   73,191  

Legal 

Environ- 
mental 

Lease 

  make-good  Restructuring(i) 

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2010(ii) 

 $    1,374  

 $   22,986  

 $     7,561  

  $       20,612  

  $    52,533  

  Charges 

  Cash payments 

   Non-cash items 

     –  

     –  

 (72) 

     –  

     –  

    (160) 

     –  

     –  

(477) 

    81,108  

81,108  

   (20,285) 

    (20,285) 

   (46,373)    

    (47,082) 

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $    1,302  

 $   22,826  

 $     7,084  

   $       35,062      $    66,274  

Current  

Non-current 

Total at December 31, 2010 

  $    39,822  

26,452  

   $    66,274  

(i) 

For additional information on restructuring, see the table below. 

(ii)  Balance at January 1, 2010 includes current portion of $25.5 million and non-current portion of $27.0 million. 

Restructuring and Other Related Costs 

During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded restructuring and other related costs of  
$79.8 million ($59.9 million after-tax).  

Of this pre-tax amount, the Company’s Meat Products Group incurred a total of $31.1 million in restructuring and 
other related costs. These costs include $26.5 million related to changes in its manufacturing and distribution network 
as part of implementing the Value Creation Plan, comprising severance and other employee related benefits of  
$11.5 million; accelerated depreciation on assets of $4.1 million; lease commitment cancellation costs of $4.7 million; 
and other cash costs of $6.2 million. Other restructuring costs incurred related to the closure of the Surrey, British 
Columbia plant of $4.3 million and included severance and other employee related benefits of $3.7 million, and asset 
write-offs and cash costs of $0.6 million. The balance of the restructuring costs of $0.3 million was incurred in 
connection with other on-going restructuring initiatives of the Company.  

  76 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

The Company’s Bakery Products Group incurred a total $46.4 million in restructuring and other related costs in the 
year. Of this, $24.2 million was incurred by the U.K. bakery business, related to the closure of the Walsall, Cumbria 
and Park Royal plants. These costs include severance of $4.0 million, lease cancellation charges of $7.8 million, asset 
write downs and accelerated depreciation of $11.7 million, and other costs of $0.7 million. The Company also incurred 
$9.3 million in restructuring costs related to the closure of the Laval, Quebec frozen bakery and the Delta, British 
Columbia fresh bakery and $2.9 million of restructuring costs related to the sale of the sandwich product line. The 
Company also incurred $7.5 million related to changes in management structure and related severance. The balance of 
the restructuring costs of $2.5 million was incurred in connection with other on-going restructuring initiatives of  
the Company.  

The Company also recorded $2.3 million in restructuring costs for initiatives across the Company related to changes in 
management structure and related severances.  

During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company recorded restructuring and other related costs of  
$81.1 million ($61.2 million after-tax). Of this pre-tax amount, $32.9 million related to an asset impairment charge on 
the Company’s Burlington, Ontario pork processing facility. A further $13.1 million related to severances and asset 
write-downs due to the planned closure of a prepared meats facility in Berwick, Nova Scotia. The Company’s bakery 
business also incurred $9.6 million in severance and retention costs related to the planned replacement of three 
bakeries in the Toronto area with one facility in Hamilton, Ontario. The balance of the restructuring costs was incurred 
in connection with the ongoing restructuring initiatives of the Company. 

The following table provides a summary of costs recognized and cash payments made in respect of the above-
mentioned restructuring and other related costs as at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, all on a  
pre-tax basis: 

Asset 
impairment 
and 
accelerated 

Site 

  Severance 

closing  depreciation  Retention 

Pension 

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $ 26,760  

$   7,857  

 $              –  

 $     445  

 $          –    $  35,062  

  Charges 

  Cash payments 

   Non-cash items 

    22,262  

   20,312  

      25,312  

     2,549  

    9,360        79,795  

   (23,330) 

 (11,356) 

                –  

    (1,546) 

            –  

   (36,232) 

              –  

             –  

     (25,312) 

             –  

  (9,360) 

   (34,672) 

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $ 25,692  

$ 16,813  

 $              –  

 $  1,448  

 $          –   $   43,953  

Asset 
impairment 
and 
accelerated 

Site 

   Severance 

closing  depreciation  Retention 

Pension 

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2010 

 $  11,414  

 $   9,113  

 $              –  

 $       85  

 $          –    $   20,612  

  Charges 

  Cash payments 

   Non-cash items 

     26,306  

     8,543  

       45,575  

        384  

       300  

     81,108  

    (10,462) 

    (9,799) 

                –  

         (24) 

            –  

    (20,285) 

        (498) 

             –  

      (45,575) 

             –  

      (300) 

    (46,373) 

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $  26,760  

 $   7,857  

 $              –  

 $     445  

 $          –    $   35,062  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

13.  BANK INDEBTEDNESS AND LONG-TERM DEBT 

Bank indebtedness (e), (g) 

Notes payable: 

December 31, 
2011 

December 31, 
2010 

January 1, 
2010 

 $    36,404  

 $     15,858  

$        4,247  

 due 2010 (US$75.0 million and CAD$115.0 million) 

 $             –  

 $              –   

 $    193,810  

 due 2010 (CAD$2.6 million) 

               –   

               –   

         2,704  

 due 2011 (US$207.0 million) (a) 

               –   

     205,892  

     216,775  

 due 2011 to 2016 (CAD$30.0 million) (b) 

      32,029  

       37,684  

       43,078  

 due 2014 (US$98.0 million and CAD$105.0 million) (a) 

     203,883  

     201,549  

     206,610  

 due 2015 (CAD$90.0 million) (c) 

 due 2015 (CAD$7.0 million) (d) 

       89,270  

       89,067  

               –   

        7,000  

         7,000  

               –   

 due 2016 (US$7.0 million and CAD$20.0 million) (a) 

       26,942  

       26,775  

       27,122  

 due 2020 (CAD$30.0 million) (d) 

       29,777  

       29,823  

               –   

 due 2021 (US$213.0 million and CAD$102.5 million) (d) 

     316,868  

               –   

               –   

Revolving term facility (e) 

Other (h) 

Less: Current portion 

Long-term debt 

    240,000  

     285,000  

     345,000  

         1,805  

         3,123  

         5,605  

     947,574  

     885,913  

   1,040,704  

         5,618  

     496,835  

     206,147  

 $   941,956  

 $   389,078  

 $    834,557  

The notes payable and the revolving term facility require the maintenance of certain covenants. As at December 31, 
2011, December 31, 2010 and January 1, 2010 the Company was in compliance with all of these covenants. 

(a) 

In December 2004, the Company issued $500.0 million of notes payable. The notes were issued in five tranches of 
U.S. and Canadian dollar-denominations, with maturity dates from 2011 to 2016 and bearing interest at fixed 
annual coupon rates. 

In December 2011, the Company repaid US$207.0 million of notes payable, bearing interest at 5.2% per annum. 
Through the use of cross-currency interest rate swaps, the Company effectively converted US$177.0 million of 
these notes payable into Canadian dollar-denominated debt bearing interest at an annual fixed rate of 5.4%. The 
cross-currency swaps were settled in December 2011; the fair value of the swap liability was $54.7 million at 
December 31, 2010. 

Details of the remaining four tranches are as follows: 

Principal 

US$98.0 million 

CAD$105.0 million 

US$7.0 million 

CAD$20.0 million 

Maturity date 

Annual coupon 

 2014  

 2014  

 2016  

 2016  

5.6% 

6.1% 

5.8% 

6.2% 

Interest is payable semi-annually. Through the use of cross-currency interest rate swaps, the Company hedged 
US$98.0 million of debt maturing in 2014 into Canadian dollar-denominated debt bearing interest at an annual 
fixed rate of 6.0%, and US$2.0 million of debt maturing in 2016 into Canadian dollar-denominated debt bearing 
interest at an annual fixed rate of 6.1%. At December 31, 2011, the fair value of the swap liabilities were  
$38.6 million based on year end exchange rates (2010: $39.9 million). 

  78 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

In April 2004 as part of the acquisition of Schneider Corporation, the Company assumed liabilities outstanding in 
respect of debentures previously issued by the Schneider Corporation. The debentures provided for principal 
payments totalling $13.1 million and $60.0 million, bearing interest at fixed annual rates of 10.0% and 7.5%, 
respectively. The debentures require annual principal repayments over the term of the bonds and have final 
maturity dates of September 2010 and October 2016, respectively. These debentures were recorded at their fair 
value on the acquisition closing date. The difference between the acquisition date fair value and the face value of 
the bonds is amortized over the remaining life of the debentures on an effective yield basis. In September 2010, 
the Company repaid the 2010 debenture in full. On December 31, 2011, the remaining book value for the 2016 
debenture was $32.0 million (December 31, 2010: $37.7 million, January 1, 2010: $43.1 million) and the 
remaining principal payments outstanding were $30.0 million (December 31, 2010: $34.8 million, January 1, 
2010: $39.3 million). 

In April 2010 and May 2010, the Company issued CAD$75.0 million of notes payable, bearing interest at 6.08% 
per annum and CAD$15.0 million of notes payable, bearing interest at 5.76% per annum, respectively. The notes 
payable have a maturity date of April 2015. 

In December 2010, the Company issued notes payable in tranches of U.S. and Canadian dollar denominations, 
with maturity dates from 2015 to 2021 and bearing interest at fixed annual coupon rates. The Company received 
proceeds of CAD$37.0 million in December 2010 and US$213.0 million and CAD$102.5 million in January 2011. 

Details of the four tranches are as follows: 

Principal 

CAD$7.0 million 

CAD$30.0 million 

CAD$102.5 million 

US$213.0 million 

Maturity date 

Annual coupon 

 2015  

 2020  

 2021  

 2021  

4.9% 

5.9% 

5.9% 

5.2% 

Interest is payable semi-annually. Through the use of cross-currency interest rate swaps, the Company hedged 
US$213.0 million of debt maturing in 2021 into Canadian dollar-denominated debt bearing interest at an annual 
fixed rate of 6.1%. At December 31, 2011, the fair value of the swap liabilities were $8.9 million based on year-end 
exchange rates (2010: $12.2 million). 

(e)  On May 16, 2011, the Company entered into a new four-year $800.0 million committed revolving credit facility 

with a syndicate of Canadian, U.S. and international institutions. The new credit facility replaced the Company’s 
$870.0 million revolving credit facility that was due to mature on May 31, 2011. The facility can be drawn in 
Canadian or U.S. dollars and bears interest payable monthly, based on Banker’s Acceptance rates for Canadian 
dollar loans and LIBOR for U.S. dollar loans. As at December 31, 2011, prime loans of $240.0 million (December 31, 
2010: $285.0 million, January 1, 2010: $345.0 million) were drawn. In addition, within the facility, is a  
$70.0 million available swing-line payable immediately at the option of the Company. As at December 31, 2011, 
overdraft loans were drawn on the swing-line of $49.0 million, classified as bank indebtedness (December 31, 2010: 
$35.5 million, January 1, 2010: $nil), and letters of credit of $131.5 million (December 31, 2010: $115.8 million, 
January 1, 2010: $131.6 million) were outstanding. Total utilization under the facility at December 31, 2011 was 
$420.5 million (December 31, 2010: $436.3 million; January 1, 2010: $476.6 million). The facility will be used  
to meet the Company’s funding requirements for general corporate purposes, and to provide appropriate levels  
of liquidity. The lending covenants in the new facility are largely consistent with the Company’s existing  
credit arrangements.  

(f)  During 2010, the Company completed an agreement with a syndicate of banks, including the majority of the 

banks in its then currently existing revolving credit facility, to augment the Company’s primary revolving credit 
facility with a $250.0 million short-term bank lending facility with a maturity date of May 31, 2011. The facility 
was undrawn throughout its duration and in the first quarter of 2011 the Company terminated the facility. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

(g)  The Company has a demand operating line of credit of £5.0 million ($7.9 million) and an overdraft operating 

facility of £5.0 million ($7.9 million) to provide short-term funding for its U.K. operations. The Company also has 
additional operating facilities of $30.0 million. As at December 31, 2011, £6.4 million ($10.0 million) (December 31, 
2010: £5.0 million ($7.8 million), January 1, 2010: £2.5 million ($4.2 million)) and $20.0 million (December 31,  
2010: $20.0 million, January 1, 2010: $nil) were outstanding respectively and have been classified as  
bank indebtedness. 

(h)  The Company has other various lending facilities, with interest rates ranging from non-interest bearing to 7.5% 
per annum. These facilities are repayable over various terms from 2012 to 2016. As at December 31, 2011,  
$11.6 million (December 31, 2010: $12.2 million, January 1, 2010: $14.5 million) was outstanding, of which  
$9.8 million (December 31, 2010: $9.1 million, January 1, 2010: $8.9 million) was in respect of letters of credit. 

(i)  The Company’s estimated average effective cost of borrowing for 2011 was approximately 6.0% (2010: 4.8%)  

after taking into account the impact of interest rate hedges. The weighted average term of the Company’s debt is 
4.9 years. 
Required repayments of long-term debt are as follows: 

 2012  

 2013  

 2014  

 2015  

 2016  

Thereafter 

Total long-term debt 

14.  OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES 

 $                 5,618  

                   6,109  

                210,312  

                343,020  

                  35,614  

                346,901  

$            947,574  

As at December 31,  As at December 31, 

As at January 1, 

2011 

2010 

2010 

Derivative instruments (Note 16) 

 $      70,722  

 $         71,676  

 $        77,328  

Other 

          17,431  

          18,163  

          12,453  

  $      88,153  

 $         89,839  

 $        89,781  

15.  CAPITAL AND OTHER COMPONENTS OF EQUITY 

Share Capital  

(Thousands of shares) 

 Common shares  

 Treasury stock  

2011 

2010 

2011 

2010 

On issue at January 1 

    139,247  

134,859  

           797  

       1,915  

Issued for cash 

                –  

        3,270  

–  

–  

  Distributions under stock compensation plans 

        2,770  

        1,173  

      (2,770) 

    (1,173) 

  Purchase of treasury stock 

      (2,500) 

           (55) 

       2,500  

            55  

Balance at December 31 

139,517     

139,247  

           527     

          797  

  80 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
   
  
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Common Shares  

The authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares, an unlimited number of non-voting 
common shares and an unlimited number of preference shares. These shares have no par value. 

The holders of common shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time, and are entitled to one 
vote per share at meetings of the Company.  

Shareholder Rights Plan 

On July 28, 2011, the Company announced a Shareholder Rights Plan (the “Rights Plan”). It follows a previous plan 
that was allowed to expire on December 29, 2010. The Rights Plan was not adopted in response to any actual or 
anticipated transaction, but rather to allow the Board of Directors of the Company and its shareholders sufficient time 
to consider fully any transaction involving the acquisition or proposed acquisition of 20% or more of the outstanding 
common shares of the Company. The plan allows the Board of Directors time to consider all alternatives and to ensure 
the fair treatment of shareholders should any such transaction be initiated. One right has been issued with respect to 
each common share of the Company issued and outstanding as of the close of business on July 27, 2011. Should such 
an acquisition occur or be announced, each right would, upon exercise, entitle a rights holder, other than the 
acquiring person and related persons, to purchase common shares of the Company at a 50% discount to the  
market price at the time. The Rights Plan was approved by shareholders at a special meeting of the shareholders on 
December 14, 2011. 

Treasury Shares 

Shares are purchased by a trust in order to satisfy the requirements of the Company’s stock compensation plan, as 
described in Note 21. 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
   adjustments 

Unrealized 
gain (loss) 
on cash flow 
hedges 

Change in  
actuarial 
gains  
(losses) 

Change in  
asset ceiling and 

Total 
accumulated 
other 
 minimum funding  comprehensive 
income (loss) 

requirements 

Balance at January 1, 2011 

 $  (12,764) 

 $   (9,821) 

 $            –  

 $                 –  

 $  (22,585) 

  Other comprehensive 

income (loss) 

       5,321  

         222  

  (127,336) 

         12,680  

   (109,113) 

  Transfer to retained  

   earnings (deficit) 

                –  

               –  

   127,336  

        (12,680) 

    114,656  

Balance at December 31, 2011 

 $    (7,443) 

 $    (9,599) 

 $            –  

 $                 –  

 $  (17,042) 

Foreign 
currency 

Unrealized 
gain (loss) 
translation  on cash flow 
hedges 

  adjustments 

Change in  
actuarial 
gains and 
losses 

Change in  
asset ceiling and 

Total 
accumulated 
other 
 minimum funding   comprehensive 
income (loss) 

requirements 

Balance at January 1, 2010 
  Other comprehensive 

 $           –  

 $      (5,055) 

 $            –  

 $                –  

 $       (5,055) 

income (loss) 

   (12,764) 

         (4,766) 

    (62,643) 

         29,832  

        (50,341) 

Transferred to retained  
   earnings (deficit) 

              –  

                 –  

     62,643  

         (29,832) 

         32,811  

Balance at December 31, 2010 

 $ (12,764) 

 $      (9,821) 

 $            –  

 $                –  

 $     (22,585) 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

The change in accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments includes tax of $0.1 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2011 (2010: $0.3 million).   

The change in unrealized loss on cash flow hedges includes tax of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 
(2010: $1.2 million).   

The Company estimates that $1.4 million of the unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss will 
be reclassified into net earnings within the next 12 months. The actual amount of this reclassification will be impacted 
by future changes in the fair value of financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges and the actual amount 
reclassified could differ from this estimated amount. During the year ended December 31, 2011, a loss of 
approximately $5.3 million, net of tax of $2.0 million (2010: $2.9 million, net of tax $1.2 million), was released to 
earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss and is included in the net change for the period.   

Dividends 
The following dividends were declared and paid by the Company:  

2011 

2010 

$0.16 per qualifying common share (2010: $0.16) 

$       22,386  

$       21,677  

16.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 

Capital 

The Company’s objective is to maintain a cost effective capital structure that supports its long-term growth strategy 
and maximizes operating flexibility. In allocating capital to investments to support its earnings goals, the Company 
establishes internal hurdle return rates for capital initiatives. Capital projects are generally financed with senior debt 
and internal cash flows. 

The Company uses leverage in its capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. The Company’s goal is to maintain its 
primary credit ratios and leverage at levels that are designed to provide continued access to investment-grade credit 
pricing and terms. The Company measures its credit profile using a number of metrics, some of which are non-IFRS 
measures, primarily net debt to earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring and 
other related costs (“EBITDA”) and interest coverage. 

The following ratios are used by the Company to monitor its capital: 

Interest coverage (EBITDA to net interest expense)  

Leverage ratio (Net debt to EBITDA)  

2011 

 5.5x  

 2.5x  

2010 

 5.5x  

 2.5x  

The Company’s various credit facilities, all of which are unsecured, are subject to certain financial covenants. As at 
December 31, 2011, the Company was in compliance with all of these covenants. 

In addition to senior debt and equity, the Company uses operating leases and very limited recourse accounts receivable 
securitization programs as additional sources of financing.  

The Company has maintained a stable dividend distribution that is based on a sustainable net earnings base. From 
time to time, the Company has purchased shares for cancellation pursuant to normal course issuer bids and to satisfy 
awards under its Restricted Share Unit plan. 

  82 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Financial Instruments 

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are classified into the following categories: 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Accounts receivable 

Notes receivable 

Bank indebtedness 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

Long-term debt 

Derivative instruments(i) 

Held-for-trading 

Loans and receivables 

Loans and receivables 

Other financial liabilities 

Other financial liabilities 

Other financial liabilities 

Held-for-trading 

 (i)   These derivative instruments may be designated as cash flow hedges or as fair value hedges as appropriate. 

The fair value of financial assets and liabilities classified as loans and receivables and other financial liabilities 
(excluding long-term debt) approximate their carrying value due to their short-term nature. The fair value of long-term 
debt as at December 31, 2011 was $993.0 million as compared to its carrying value of $947.6 million on the 
consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt was estimated based on discounted future 
cash flows using current rates for similar financial instruments subject to similar risks and maturities. 

Financial assets and liabilities classified as held-for-trading are recorded at fair value. The fair values of the Company’s 
interest rate and foreign exchange derivative financial instruments were estimated using current market measures for 
interest rates and foreign exchange rates. Commodity futures and options contracts are exchange-traded and fair value 
is determined based on exchange prices. 

The risks associated with the Company’s financial instruments and policies for managing these risks are detailed below. 

Credit Risk 

Credit risk refers to the risk of losses due to failure of the Company’s customers or other counterparties to meet their 
payment obligations.  

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to credit risk from its customers. The Company performs 
ongoing credit evaluations of new and existing customers’ financial condition and reviews the collectability of its trade 
and other receivables in order to mitigate any possible credit losses. As at December 31, 2011 approximately  
$0.8 million (2010: $0.8 million) of the Company’s accounts receivable were greater than 60 days past due. The 
Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that represents its estimate of uncollectible amounts. The 
components of this allowance include a provision related to specific losses estimated on individually significant 
exposures and a general provision based on historical trends of collections. As at December 31, 2011, the Company 
has recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.8 million (2010: $6.8 million). Average accounts receivable days 
sales outstanding for the year is consistent with historic trends. There are no significant impaired accounts receivable 
that have not been provided for in the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company believes that the allowance for 
doubtful accounts sufficiently covers any credit risk related to past due or impaired accounts receivable balances. 

Management believes concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the generally 
high credit quality of the Company’s major customers, as well as the large number and geographic dispersion of 
smaller customers. The Company does, however, conduct a significant amount of business with a small number of 
large grocery retailers. The Company’s five largest customers comprise approximately 42.6% (2010: 39.8%) of 
consolidated pre-securitized accounts receivable at December 31, 2011 and the two largest customers comprise 
approximately 19.8% (2010: 20.4%) of consolidated sales. 

The Company is exposed to credit risk on its cash and cash equivalents (comprising primarily deposits and short-term 
placements with Canadian chartered banks) and non-exchange-traded derivatives contracts. The Company mitigates 
this credit risk by only dealing with counterparties that are major international financial institutions with long-term 
debt ratings of single A or better. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk at the balance sheet date consisted primarily of the carrying value of 
non-derivative financial assets and non-exchange-traded derivatives with positive fair values.  

Liquidity Risk  

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial 
liabilities.  

The contractual undiscounted principal cash flows payable in respect of financial liabilities as at the balance sheet 
date were as follows:  

December 31, 2011 

Financial liabilities 

Due within 
1 year 

 Due between  
 1 and 2 years  

 Due between  
 2 and 3 years  

 Due after  
 3 years  

 Total  

  Bank indebtedness 

 $    36,404  

 $              –  

 $              –  

 $             –   $       36,404  

  Accounts payable  

  and accrued charges 

     482,059  

                 –  

                 –  

                –  

     482,059  

  Long-term debt(i) 

        5,618  

         6,109  

      210,312  

     725,535  

    947,574  

  Cross-currency 

interest rate swaps(ii) 

                –  

                 –  

       38,634  

        8,934  

   47,568  

Total 

$  524,081  

 $      6,109  

$   248,946   $  734,469   $  1,513,605  

(i)     Does not include contractual interest payments. 

(ii)    Total fair value of cross-currency interest rate swaps. 

The Company manages liquidity risk by monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows, minimizing reliance on any single 
source of credit, maintaining sufficient undrawn committed credit facilities and managing the maturity profiles of 
financial assets and financial liabilities to minimize re-financing risk. 

As at December 31, 2011, the Company had available undrawn committed credit of $379.5 million under the terms of 
its principal banking arrangements. These banking arrangements, which mature in 2015, are subject to certain 
covenants and other restrictions. 

Market Risk 

Interest Rate Risk 

Interest rate risk refers to the risk that the value of a financial instrument or cash flows associated with the instrument 
will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates.  

The Company’s interest rate risk arises from long-term borrowings issued at fixed rates that create fair value interest 
rate risk and variable rate borrowings that create cash flow interest rate risk. In addition, the Company’s cash 
balances are typically invested in short-term interest bearing assets. 

At December 31, 2011, the Company had variable rate debt of $243.2 million with a weighted average interest rate of 
3.5% (2010: $294.3 million with a weighted average of 3.0%). In addition, the Company is exposed to floating interest 
rates on its accounts receivable securitization programs. As at December 31, 2011, the amount borrowed pursuant to 
these programs was $155.8 million at a weighted average interest rate of 2.1% (2010: $156.2 million with weighted 
average rate of 2.4%). The maximum borrowing available to the Company under these programs is $170.0 million. 

The Company manages its interest rate risk exposure by using a mix of fixed and variable rate debt and periodically 
using interest rate derivatives to achieve the desired proportion of variable to fixed-rate debt.  

As at December 31, 2011, 87% of the Company’s outstanding debt and revolving accounts receivable securitization 
program were not exposed to interest rate movements (2010: 89%). 

  84 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Foreign Exchange Risk 

Foreign exchange risk refers to the risk that the value of financial instruments or cash flows associated with the 
instruments will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates.  

The Company’s foreign exchange risk arises primarily from transactions in currencies other than Canadian dollars, 
U.S. dollar-denominated borrowings and investments in foreign operations.  

The Company uses cross-currency interest rate swaps to mitigate its exposure to changes in exchange rates related to 
U.S. dollar-denominated debt. These swaps are used primarily to effectively convert fixed-rate U.S. dollar-denominated 
notes payable to fixed-rate notes denominated in Canadian dollars and are accounted for as cash flow hedges.  

The following table summarizes the notional amounts and interest rates of the Company’s cross-currency interest rate 
swaps, all of which are designated as a hedging instrument in a hedging relationship: 

(Thousands of currency units) 
Maturity 

Notional 
amount 

US$ 

Receive 
rate(i) 

Notional 
amount 

CAD$ 

2014 

2021 

       100,000  

5.6% 

          138,000  

         213,000  

5.2% 

          215,366  

Pay 
rate(i) 

6.0% 

6.1% 

(i) 

The Receive rate is the annualized rate that is applied to the notional amount of the derivative and paid by the counterparty to the 
Company. The Pay rate is the annualized rate that is applied to the notional amount of the derivative and paid by the Company to  
the counterparty. 

A portion of the Company’s U.S. dollar-denominated notes payable is not swapped into Canadian dollars and is 
designated as a net investment hedge of its U.S. operations. At December 31, 2011, the amount of notes payable 
designated as a hedge of the Company’s net investment in U.S. operations was US$5.0 million (December 31, 2010: 
US$35.0 million). Foreign exchange gains and losses on the designated notes payable are recorded in shareholders’ 
equity in the foreign currency translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive income and 
offset translation adjustments on the underlying net assets of the U.S. operations, which are also recorded in 
accumulated other comprehensive income. The gain on the net investment hedge recorded in other comprehensive loss 
for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $0.8 million before taxes (2010: loss of $1.9 million). 

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to manage foreign exchange transaction exposures. The 
primary currencies to which the Company is exposed to are the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen. Qualifying foreign 
currency forward contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges. As of December 31, 2011, $239.1 million of 
anticipated foreign currency-denominated sales and purchases have been hedged with underlying foreign exchange 
forward contracts settling at various dates beginning January 2012. The aggregate fair value of these forward contracts 
was a gain of $2.6 million at December 31, 2011 (2010: $2.2 million) that was recorded in accumulated other 
comprehensive income with an offsetting amount recorded in other current assets. 

At December 31, 2011, the Company had fixed-rate debt of $707.5 million (2010: $599.4 million) with a weighted 
average notional interest rate of 5.7%. Changes in market interest rates cause the fair value of long-term debt with 
fixed interest rates to fluctuate but do not affect net earnings, as the Company’s debt is carried at amortized cost and 
the carrying value does not change as interest rates change. 

Similar to fixed-rate debt, the fair value of the Company’s fixed-pay cross-currency interest rate swaps fluctuates with 
changes in market interest rates but the associated cash flows do not change and earnings are not affected. The fair 
value of the Company’s cross-currency interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges are primarily driven by 
changes in foreign exchange rates rather than changes in interest rates.  

For cross-currency interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk, changes in the fair 
values of the hedging instruments attributable to foreign exchange rate movements are deferred in other 
comprehensive income and subsequently released into net earnings as appropriate to offset completely the foreign 
currency gain or loss on the hedged item, also recognized in net earnings in the same period. As a consequence, these 
financial instruments are not exposed to foreign exchange risks and do not affect net earnings. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

It is estimated that, all else constant, an adverse hypothetical 10.0% change in the value of the Canadian dollar against 
all relevant currencies would result in a change in the fair value of the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts 
of $25.0 million, with an offsetting change in net earnings of $5.1 million and in other comprehensive income of  
$19.9 million. 

Commodity Price Risk 

The Company is exposed to price risk related to commodities such as live hogs, fuel costs and purchases of certain 
other agricultural commodities used as raw materials including feed grains and wheat. The Company may use  
fixed price contracts with suppliers as well as exchange-traded futures and options to manage its exposure to  
price fluctuations. 

Derivatives designated as a hedge of an anticipated or forecasted transaction are accounted for as cash flow hedges. 
Changes in the fair value of the hedging derivatives are recorded in other comprehensive income to the extent the 
hedge is effective in mitigating the exposure to the related anticipated transaction, and subsequently reclassified to 
earnings to offset the impact of the hedged items when they affect earnings. The aggregate fair value of these forward 
contracts was a loss of $0.4 million at December 31, 2011 (2010: $nil) that was recorded in accumulated other 
comprehensive income with an offsetting amount recorded in other current liabilities.  

The Company also uses futures to minimize the price risk assumed under forward priced contracts with suppliers. The 
futures contracts are designated and accounted for as fair value hedges.  

It is estimated that, all else constant, an adverse hypothetical 10.0% change in market prices of the underlying 
commodities would result in a change in the fair value of underlying outstanding derivative contracts of $11.5 million, 
with an offsetting change in net earnings of $1.3 million and in other current assets of $10.2 million. These amounts 
exclude the offsetting impact of the commodity price risk inherent in the transactions being hedged. 

The fair values and notional amounts of derivative financial instruments are shown below: 

2011 

2010 

Notional
amount

Fair value 
Asset

Liability

Notional
amount

Fair value 

Asset

Liability

Cash flow hedges 

  Cross-currency interest 

rate swaps 

US$  313,000 $            – $  47,568  US$ 490,000  $            –

$  106,761 

Foreign exchange forward 

contracts(i), (ii) 

        239,093 

     2,627                –

       142,750 

   2,215 

              –

   Commodity futures contracts(i), (ii) 

           5,453 

             –

        382                     –

           –

              –

Fair value hedges 

  Commodity futures contracts(i), (ii) 

    $  108,314  $     5,033   $           –

$    60,437  $           –

$     2,869 

Derivatives not designated in a 

formal hedging relationship 

Interest rate swaps 

 $  920,000  $            –  $  35,882 

$  590,000  $           –

$    24,922 

Foreign exchange forward  

contracts(i), (ii) 

          72,893 

         23                –

         87,100 

      620 

              –

  Commodity futures contracts(i), (ii) 

        426,829 

     4,392 

  –

         60,936 

           –

        589 

Total 

Current 

Non-current 

Total 

  $   12,075   $  83,832 

  $    2,835 

 $  135,141 

$   12,075   $  13,110 

$    2,835 

$    63,465 

            –

   70,722 

          –

    71,676 

   $   12,075   $  83,832 

  $    2,835 

$  135,141 

 (i)  Notional amounts are stated at the contractual Canadian dollar equivalent. 

(ii)  Derivatives are short-term and will impact profit or loss at various dates within the next 12 months. 

  86 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Derivatives not designated in a formal hedging relationship are classified as held-for-trading. Net gains or losses on 
financial instruments held-for-trading consist of realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivatives which were  
de-designated or were otherwise not in a formal hedging relationship.  

For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the amount of hedge ineffectiveness recognized in earnings was  
not material. 

Non-designated Interest Rate Swaps 

During the second quarter of 2010, the Company entered into $590.0 million of interest rate swaps. Swaps totalling 
$330.0 million started on April 28, 2010 and have an expiry date of April 28, 2015 with an average interest rate of 
3.34%. Swaps totalling $260.0 million started on December 8, 2011 and have an expiry date of December 8, 2015 with 
an average interest rate of 4.18%. These swaps were not designated in a formal hedging relationship. The change in fair 
value of the non-designated interest rate swaps for the year ended December 31, 2010 was a loss of $24.9 million 
($17.6 million after-tax) and was recorded in net earnings. 

During the first quarter of 2011, the Company entered into swaps to offset $330.0 million of existing interest rate 
swaps with an expiry date of April 28, 2015. The offsetting interest rate swaps were executed as new fixed-rate private 
placement debt, finalized in the fourth quarter of 2010, and reduced the Company’s expected floating rate debt 
requirements by $355.0 million. Under the offsetting interest rate swaps, the Company receives an average fixed rate of 
2.52% and pays floating rate of interest on a notional amount of $330.0 million. The change in fair value of non-
designated interest rate swaps for the year ended December 31, 2011 was a loss of $11.0 million ($8.0 million after-
tax) and was recorded in net earnings. 

The effect on the fair value of the interest rate swaps of a parallel 50 bps shift in the yield curve was an increase of  
$4.8 million or decrease of $4.9 million. 

Fair Value Hierarchy 

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value must be classified using a three-level hierarchy that reflects the significance 
and transparency of the inputs used in making the fair value measurements. Each level is based on the following: 

Level 1 – inputs are unadjusted quoted prices of identical instruments in active markets. 

Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either 

directly or indirectly. 

Level 3 – one or more significant inputs used in a valuation technique are unobservable in determining fair values of 

the instruments. 

Determination of fair value and the resulting hierarchy requires the use of observable market data whenever available. 
The classification of a financial instrument in the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to 
the measurement of fair value. 

The table below sets out fair value measurements of financial instruments using the fair value hierarchy: 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Assets: 

Foreign exchange forward contracts 

 $             –  

 $        2,650  

 $              –  

$       2,650  

  Commodity futures contracts 

        9,425  

                –  

                –  

       9,425  

$      9,425  

$       2,650  

$             –  

$     12,075  

Liabilities: 

  Commodity futures contracts 

 $          382  

 $                –  

 $              –  

$          382  

Interest rate swaps 

                –  

      83,450  

                –  

     83,450  

$         382  

$     83,450  

$             –  

$     83,832  

There were no transfers between levels during the year ended December 31, 2011. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

17.  OTHER INCOME  

Gain on disposal of investments 

Gain on sale of intangible assets 

Gain on sale of property and equipment 

Recovery from insurance claims 

Rental income 

Other 

18.  INTEREST EXPENSE 

2011 

2010 

 $           571  

 $                 –  

           3,129  

                   – 

           3,858  

              217  

           1,735  

                   –  

              606  

              509  

              433  

              (564) 

 $      10,332  

 $            162  

2011 

2010 

Interest expense on long-term debt 

 $      49,833  

 $       35,972  

Interest on Bankers’ Acceptance and prime loans 

            3,963  

            8,019  

Interest expense on interest rate swaps 

Interest income on interest rate swaps 

          32,794  

          23,359  

        (25,022) 

         (17,518) 

Net interest expense on non-designated interest rate swaps 

            3,453  

            5,300  

Interest expense on securitized receivables 

Deferred finance charges 

Other interest charges 

Interest capitalized (Notes 7, 11) 

            3,215  

            4,312  

            4,966  

            4,196  

            3,145  

            2,746  

          (5,600) 

           (1,512) 

 $      70,747  

 $       64,874  

  88 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

19.  INCOME TAXES 

The components of income tax expense were as follows: 

Current tax expense 

  Current year 

   Adjustment for prior periods 

Deferred tax expense 

2011 

2010 

 $     19,060  

 $         29,924  

              (487) 

               106  

 $     18,573  

 $         30,030  

  Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

            3,471  

         (13,847) 

   Change in tax rates 

Total income tax expense 

Reconciliation of effective tax rate 

           2,425  

            2,894  

 $       5,896  

$        (10,953) 

 $     24,469  

 $         19,077  

Income tax expense varies from the amount that would be computed by applying the combined federal and provincial 
statutory income tax rates as a result of the following: 

2011 

2010 

Income tax expense according to combined statutory  

rate of 28.0% (2010: 30.2%) 

 $       31,304  

 $          16,520  

Increase (decrease) in income tax resulting from: 

  Deferred tax expense relating to changes in tax rates 

           2,425  

            2,894  

Tax adjustments related to prior acquisitions 

        (12,177) 

           (1,500) 

Tax rate differences in other jurisdictions 

          (1,237) 

              (562) 

  Manufacturing and processing credit 

  Non-taxable (gains) losses 

  Non-deductible expenses 

             (943) 

              (500) 

             (748) 

               710  

               444  

               158  

  Unrecognized income tax benefit of losses 

            3,679  

            2,405  

  Other 

Income tax recognized in other comprehensive income 

Derivative instruments 

Foreign exchange 

Pension adjustments 

           1,722  

           (1,048) 

 $       24,469  

 $          19,077  

2011 

2010 

$            198  

 $          (1,203) 

            (120) 

              315  

       (39,072) 

         (11,600) 

$      (38,994) 

$         (12,488) 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities 

Recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following: 

  As at December 31,  As at December 31,  As at January 1, 
2010 

2011 

2010 

Deferred tax assets: 

 Tax losses carried forward 

 Accrued liabilities 

 Employee benefits 

 Cash basis farming 

 Other 

Deferred tax liabilities: 

 Property and equipment 

 Cash basis farming 

 Employee benefits 

 $        91,964  

 $           92,974  

 $          90,355  

           34,449  

            22,546  

            20,970  

           42,517  

                      –  

                      –  

                      –  

                      –  

                381  

           13,634  

            15,429  

            15,561  

 $      182,564  

 $         130,949  

 $        127,267 

 $        47,289  

 $           29,078  

 $          35,904  

                      –  

                224  

                      –  

                      –  

                228  

            12,960  

 Goodwill and other intangible assets 

           14,684  

            14,428  

            11,225  

 Unrealized foreign exchange gain on long- term debt 

                      –  

                606  

                875  

 Other 

             4,838  

            10,939  

            14,283  

 $        66,811  

 $           55,503  

 $         75,247  

Classified in the consolidated financial statements as: 

 Deferred tax asset  – non-current 

 $      127,456  

 $         101,848  

 $          83,330  

 Deferred tax liability  – non-current 

      (11,703) 

           (26,402)

           (31,310)

 $      115,753  

 $           75,446  

 $         52,020  

Recognized deferred tax assets 

The Company has recognized deferred tax assets in the amount of approximately $92.0 million (December 31, 2010: 
$93.0 million; January 1, 2010: $90.4 million), relating primarily to tax losses carried forward by subsidiaries in the 
U.K. and Canada. These deferred tax assets are based on the Company’s estimate that the relevant subsidiaries will 
earn sufficient taxable profits to fully utilize these tax losses in the appropriate carry over periods. 

Unrecognized deferred tax assets 

The Company has unrecognized deferred tax assets in the amount of approximately $34.8 million (December 31, 2010: 
$29.1 million; January 1, 2010: $32.4 million), relating primarily to tax losses carried forward in the U.S. and Canada. 
These tax losses carried forward consist primarily of net operating losses (“NOLs”) relating to a U.S. subsidiary and a 
capital loss of a subsidiary of the Company. The amount of NOLs is approximately $98.6 million (December 31, 2010: 
$83.6 million; January 1, 2010: $82.5 million). These NOLs expire in the years from 2021 to 2031. The capital loss of 
the subsidiary of the Company is approximately $49.9 million (December 31, 2010: $49.9 million; January 1, 2010: 
$49.9 million). This capital loss does not expire. 

Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities 

Deferred tax is not recognized on the unremitted earnings of subsidiaries and other investments as the Company is in 
a position to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that such differences will not reverse in 
the foreseeable future. The unrecognized temporary difference at December 31, 2011 for the Company’s foreign 
subsidiaries was $116.9 million (December 2010: $136.1 million; January 1, 2010 $135.4 million). 

  90 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

20.  EARNINGS PER SHARE 

Basic earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing the net earnings attributable to common shareholders of 
the Company by the weighted average number of shares issued during the year. 

Diluted earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing the net earnings attributable to common shareholders 
of the Company by the weighted average number of shares issued during the year adjusted for the effects of potentially 
dilutive stock options. 

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”): 

2011 

   Net earnings  Weighted 
attributable 
average 
to common  number of 
shares(ii) 

shareholders 

2010 

Net earnings  Weighted 
attributable 
average 
to common  number of 
shares(ii) 

shareholders 

EPS 

EPS 

Year ended December 31 

Basic 

Stock options(i) 

Diluted 

 $      82,134  

       138.7   $    0.59  

 $      29,310  

135.6 

 $    0.22  

             –  

           3.1  

            –  

                  –  

3.7 

            –  

         82,134  

       141.8  

      0.58  

         29,310  

139.3 

       0.21  

(i) 

Excludes the effect of approximately 4.8 million options, restricted share units and warrants (2010: 3.6 million) to purchase common 
shares that are anti-dilutive. 

(ii)  

In millions. 

21.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENT 

Under the Maple Leaf Foods Share Incentive Plan as at December 31, 2011 the Company may grant options to its 
employees and employees of its subsidiaries to purchase shares of common stock and may grant Restricted Share 
Units (“RSUs”) and Performance Share Units (“PSUs”) entitling employees to receive common shares. Options and  
RSUs are granted from time to time by the Board of Directors on the recommendation of the Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee. The vesting conditions are specified by the Board of Directors and may include the 
continued service of the employee with the Company and/or other criteria based on measures of the Company’s 
performance. Under the Company’s Share Purchase and Deferred Share Unit Plan (“DSU Plan”), eligible Directors  
may elect to receive their retainer and fees in the form of Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) or as common shares of  
the Company. 

Stock Options 

A summary of the status of the Company’s outstanding stock options as at December 31, 2011 and 2010, and changes 
during these years is presented below: 

2011 

2010 

Options 
outstanding 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 

Options 
outstanding 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 

Outstanding, beginning of year 

       983,100  

 $     14.13  

   2,805,250  

 $     13.02  

Granted 

Exercised 

Forfeited 

Expired 

    2,632,000  

        11.36  

                 –  

                –  

                   –  

                –  

     (321,000) 

        10.30  

        (82,900) 

        14.22  

       (72,800) 

        14.78  

      (606,600) 

        13.42  

  (1,428,350) 

        12.63  

Outstanding, end of year 

    2,925,600  

 $     11.86  

      983,100  

 $     14.13  

Options currently exercisable 

       293,600  

 $     16.32  

      900,100  

 $     14.21  

All outstanding share options vest and become exercisable over a period not exceeding five years (time vesting) from the 
date of grant and/or upon the achievement of specified performance targets (based on return on net assets, earnings, 
share price or total stock return relative to an index). The options have a term of seven years. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

The number of options outstanding at December 31, 2011 including details on time and performance vesting 
conditions of the options is as follows. 

Options outstanding 

Options currently 
exercisable 

Options subject to 
time vesting 

Range of exercise 
prices 

Number 
outstanding 

Number 
(in years)  exercisable 

Number 
price  outstanding 

  Weighted 
average 
remaining 
term 

  Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 

  Weighted 
average 
exercise 

  Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 

 $11.36  

to 

 $14.90  

2,640,100   

 $ 11.37  

         6.7  

       8,100  

 $ 14.18  

  2,632,000  

 $ 11.36  

   16.37  

to 

   16.88  

    285,500  

    16.38  

         0.7  

   285,500  

    16.38  

–  

            –  

$11.36   to  $16.88  

 2,925,600  

 $ 11.86  

         6.1  

  293,600  

 $ 16.32  

 2,632,000  

$ 11.36  

At grant date, each option series is measured for fair value based on the Black-Scholes formula. Expected volatility is 
estimated by considering historic average share price volatility. The inputs used in this model for the options granted 
in 2011 (none in 2010) are as follows: 

Fair value at grant date 

$11.37 

Share price at grant date  $11.37 

Exercise price 

$11.36 

Expected volatility (i) 

31.88% 

Option life(ii) 

4.5 years 

Expected dividends 

1.41% 

Risk-free interest rate(iii) 

1.46% 

(i)  Weighted average volatility. 

(ii)  Expected weighted average life. 

(iii)  Based on Government of Canada bonds. 

The fair value of options granted in 2011 was $5.8 million (2010: $nil) and is amortized to income on a graded basis 
over the vesting periods of the related options. Amortization charges in 2011 relating to current and prior year options 
were $0.9 million (2010: $nil).  

Restricted Stock Units 

The Company has two plans under which RSUs may be granted to employees. The awards under the Share Incentive 
plan (adopted in 2004) are satisfied by the issuance of treasury shares on maturity, while awards granted under the 
Restricted Share Unit Plan (adopted in 2006) are satisfied by shares to be purchased on the open market by a trust 
established for that purpose. 

  92 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

In both plans, RSUs are subject to time vesting and performance vesting. The performance vesting is based on the 
achievement of specified stock performance targets relative to a North American index of food stocks or on Company 
performance relative to predetermined targets. Under the 2004 Plan, one common share in the capital of the Company 
will be issued to the holder on vesting. All outstanding RSUs under the 2004 Plan vest over a period between three and 
five years from the date of grant. Under the 2006 Plan for units granted prior to 2011, between 0.5 and 1.5 common 
shares in the capital of the Company can be distributed to each RSU as a result of the performance of the Company 
against the target levels required for vesting. For units granted in 2011 one common share of the Company can be 
distributed to each RSU; these units vest strictly over time. The 2011 grant also included a grant of PSUs. These PSUs 
provide the holder with up to two RSUs based on Company performance targets. All outstanding RSUs under the 2006 
Plan vest over a period of one and a half to three years from the date of grant.   

A summary of the status of the Company’s RSU plans (including PSUs) as at December 31, 2011 and 2010 and 
changes during these years is presented below:  

2011 

2010 

RSUs 
outstanding 

Weighted 
average 
fair value 
at grant 

RSUs 
outstanding 

Weighted 
average 
fair value 
at grant 

Outstanding, beginning of year 

     6,385,435   $          9.58  

     6,357,430   $         10.11  

Granted 

Exercised 

Forfeited 

Expired   

     1,518,850  

          11.00  

     2,131,272  

           11.39  

   (1,649,640) 

            8.15  

     (1,174,317) 

           11.58  

      (105,043) 

            9.43  

       (117,485) 

             9.91  

        (86,980) 

          10.82  

       (811,465) 

           15.50  

Outstanding, end of year 

    6,062,622   $        10.30  

     6,385,435  

 $          9.58  

The fair value of RSUs (including PSUs) granted in 2011 was $14.5 million (2010: $19.1 million) and is amortized to 
income on a graded basis over the vesting periods of the related RSUs. Amortization charges in 2011, relating to 
current and prior year RSUs, were $18.5 million (2010: $15.9 million). The key assumptions used in the valuation of 
fair value of RSUs include the following: 

Expected RSU life (in years) 

Forfeiture rate 

Risk-free discount rate 

2011 

2.4 

11.9% 

1.1% 

2010 

3.0 

15.0% 

1.4% 

Share Purchase and Deferred Share Unit Plan 

If an eligible Director elects to receive his or her retainer and fees as common shares of the Corporation, the Company 
purchases shares at market rates on behalf of the participating Directors.  

If an eligible Director elects to receive his or her fees and retainer in the form of DSUs, each DSU has a value equal to 
the market value of one common share of the Company at the time the DSU is credited to the Director. DSUs attract 
dividends in the form of additional DSUs at the same rate as dividends on common shares of the Company. The value 
of each DSU is measured at each reporting date and is equivalent to the market value of a common share of the 
Company at the reporting date.  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

A summary of the status of the Company’s outstanding DSUs as at December 31, 2011 and 2010, and changes during 
these years is presented below: 

Units outstanding 

2011 

2010 

Outstanding, beginning of year 

Additions: granted 

Additions: dividend reinvestment 

Exercised 

Outstanding, end of year 

Value at December 31 

          280,748  

           272,944  

             78,790  

             64,848  

               4,696  

               4,324  

                       –  

          (61,368) 

           364,234  

             280,748  

$             3,945  

 $              3,198  

22.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

(a)   The Company has been named as defendant in several legal actions and is subject to various risks and 

contingencies arising in the normal course of business. Management is of the opinion that the outcome of these 
uncertainties will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position. 

(b) 

In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries enter into sales commitments with customers, 
and purchase commitments with suppliers. These commitments are for varying terms and can provide for fixed or 
variable prices. With respect to certain of its contracts, the Company has the right to acquire at fair value, and  
the suppliers have the right to sell back to the Company, certain assets that have an estimated fair value of  
$8.2 million (2010: $12.1 million).  The Company believes that these contracts serve to reduce risk, and does not 
anticipate that losses will be incurred on these contracts. 

(c)  The Company has entered into a number of construction contracts as a part of its prepared meats network 

transformation project and the new bakery in Hamilton, Ontario. Contract commitments at the end of 2011 were 
$109.9 million. 

(d)  The Company has operating lease, rent and other commitments that require minimum annual payments  

as follows: 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

Thereafter 

 $         65,184  

            55,760  

            43,863  

            34,880  

            29,020  

          106,130  

$       334,837  

During the year ended December 31, 2011 an amount of $55.6 million was recognized as an expense in earnings in 
respect of operating leases (2010: $58.0 million). 

  94 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

23.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS  

The Company has control over one publicly traded subsidiary that is consolidated into the Company’s results, Canada 
Bread Company, Limited (“Canada Bread”), of which it owns 90.0%. Transactions between the Company and its 
consolidated entities have been eliminated on consolidation. 

McCain Foods Limited was partly owned by McCain Capital Corporation (“MCC”), which was a 31.3% shareholder of 
the Company, until December 2, 2011. On December 2, 2011, MCC reorganized its shareholdings such that it is no 
longer a related party of the Company. As a result of this, the Company is no longer a related party with McCain Foods 
Limited. For the period of the year that McCain Foods Limited was a related party, the Company recorded sales to 
McCain Foods Limited of $2.9 million (2010: $3.6 million) in the normal course of business and at market prices.  
Trade receivables from McCain Foods Limited as at December 31, 2010 were $0.1 million and at January 1, 2010 were 
$0.3 million.  

Day & Ross Transportation Group, a subsidiary of McCain Foods Limited, was a related party to the Company until 
December 2, 2011. For the period of the year that Day & Ross Transportation Group was a related party, the Company 
paid Day & Ross Transportation Group $6.2 million (2010: $4.9 million) for services in the normal course of business 
and at market prices. Trade payables to Day & Ross Transportation Group as at December 31, 2010 were $0.4 million 
and at January 1, 2010 were $0.2 million. 

The Company sponsors a number of defined benefit and defined contribution plans as described in Note 9. During 
2011, the Company received $1.5 million (2010: $1.7 million) from the defined benefit pension plans for the 
reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Company to provide services to these plans. In 2011, the Company’s 
contributions to these plans were $33.3 million (2010: $31.2 million). 

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and 
controlling the activities of the Company and/or its subsidiary, directly or indirectly, including any external director of 
the Company and/or its subsidiary. 

Remuneration of key management of the Company is comprised of the following expenses: 

Short-term employee benefits 

   Salaries, bonuses and fees 

   Company car allowance 

   Other benefits 

Total short-term employee benefits 

Long-term employee benefits 

Post-employment benefits 

Share-based benefits 

Total remuneration 

2011 

2010 

 $       18,589  

 $       17,923  

               417  

               362  

               193  

               171  

 $       19,199  

 $       18,456  

               817  

               735  

          13,941  

          11,305  

 $       33,957  

 $       30,496  

During 2011, key management did not exercise share options granted under the Maple Leaf Foods Share Incentive 
Plan (2010: 280,800 options were exercised with total exercise price of $2.9 million). 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

24.  GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES 

During 2011, the Company recorded incentives from the Canadian government of $8.2 million (2010: $7.3 million) 
resulting from government support for the development of renewable energies. During 2011, the Company recorded 
incentives of $2.6 million from the Province of Ontario to purchase equipment as required by the Canadian Food 
Inspection Agency, and $1.5 million in AgriStability benefits. During the year, the Company also recorded other 
incentives totalling $0.1 million (2010: $0.4 million). In 2010, the Company recorded incentives of $2.7 million from 
the Canadian government as part of its policy to compensate hog producers for losses in prior periods. These incentives 
were recorded as reductions of cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of earnings. Furthermore, in 2010, the 
Company received an interest free loan of $2.0 million from the Canadian government related to the construction of a 
new bakery in Hamilton, Ontario. The loan is repayable over a period of five years beginning in 2012. 

25.  SEGMENTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Reportable Segmented Information  

The Company has three reportable segments, as described below, which are groupings of the Company’s CGUs. These 
segments offer different products, have separate management structures, and have their own marketing strategies and 
brands. The Company’s Management regularly reviews internal reports for these segments. The following describes the 
operations of each segment: 

(a)  The Meat Products Group comprises value-added processed packaged meats; chilled meal entrees and lunch kits; 

and primary pork and poultry processing. 

(b)  The Agribusiness Group comprises the Company’s hog production and animal by-products recycling operations. 

(c)  The Bakery Products Group comprises the Company’s 90.0% (2010: 90.0%) ownership in Canada Bread Company, 
Limited, a producer of fresh and frozen par-baked bakery products including breads, rolls, bagels, artisan and 
sweet goods, and fresh pasta and sauces. 

(d)  Non-allocated costs comprise expenses not separately identifiable to business segment groups. These costs include 
general expenses related to systems implementation, consulting fees related to the Company’s Board renewal 
program and research involving the Company’s Value Creation Plan, changes in fair value of biological assets, and 
unrealized gains or losses on commodity contracts. 

Non-allocated assets comprise corporate assets not separately identifiable to business segment groups.  
These include, but are not limited to, corporate property and equipment, software, investment properties, and  
tax balances. 

  96 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Sales 

  Meat Products Group 

  Agribusiness Group 

  Bakery Products Group 

Earnings before restructuring and other related 

  costs and other income 

  Meat Products Group 

  Agribusiness Group 

  Bakery Products Group 

  Non-allocated costs 

Capital expenditures 

  Meat Products Group 

  Agribusiness Group 

  Bakery Products Group 

Depreciation and amortization 

   Meat Products Group 

  Agribusiness Group 

  Bakery Products Group 

2011 

2010 

 $     3,039,460  

 $       3,181,134  

           259,644  

            199,498  

        1,594,520  

         1,587,487  

 $     4,893,624  

 $       4,968,119  

 $          95,987  

 $            81,281  

             81,895  

              50,505  

             86,294  

              94,399  

              (1,206) 

                 (753) 

 $        262,970  

 $          225,432  

 $          84,437  

 $            66,423  

             17,108  

              16,978  

           127,626  

              78,903  

 $        229,171  

 $          162,304  

 $          57,702  

 $            73,177  

             16,126  

              16,312  

             52,162  

              53,722  

 $        125,990  

 $          143,211  

As at December 31, 

As at December 31, 

As at January 1, 

2011 

2010 

2010 

Total assets 

  Meat Products Group 

 $     1,465,576  

 $       1,503,186  

 $       1,700,058  

Agribusiness Group 

         223,013  

          249,594  

          257,503  

  Bakery Products Group 

         937,292  

          836,447  

          890,578  

  Non-allocated assets 

          314,578  

          245,683  

          226,900  

 $     2,940,459  

 $       2,834,910  

 $       3,075,039  

Goodwill 

  Meat Products Group 

 $        442,336  

 $          442,336  

 $          443,150  

Agribusiness Group 

            13,845  

            13,939  

            13,939  

  Bakery Products Group 

          297,558  

          296,636  

          297,970  

 $        753,739  

 $          752,911  

 $          755,059  

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Information about Geographic Areas  

Property and equipment and investment property located outside of Canada was $105.9 million (2010: $123.6 million). 
Of this amount, $65.0 million (2010: $72.1 million) was located in the United States and $40.7 million (2010:  
$51.2 million) was located in the United Kingdom. 

Goodwill attributed to operations located outside of Canada was $59.5 million (2010: $58.6 million), which is all 
attributed to operations in the United States. 

Revenues earned outside of Canada were $1,230.1 million (2010: $1,284.9 million). Of this amount $536.7 million 
(2010: $700.5 million) was earned in the United States, $309.8 million (2010: $192.6 million) was earned in Japan, 
and $153.0 million (2010: $153.2 million) was earned in the United Kingdom. Revenue by geographic area is 
determined based on the shipping location. 

Information about Major Customers 

During the year, the Company reported sales to one customer representing 11.5% (2010: 11.7%) of total sales. These 
revenues are reported in both the Meat Products Group and Bakery Products Group. No other sales were made to any 
one customer that represented in excess of 10% of total sales. 

26.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

On February 1, 2012, the Company purchased the operations of a poultry farm in Alberta that included a poultry 
quota. The total purchase price was $31.1 million paid in cash, which will be accounted for as a business combination 
in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations in the first quarter of 2012. The Company has not yet finalized the 
allocation of this purchase price. 

On February 7, 2012, the Company announced that it will consolidate its further processed poultry operations, closing 
a facility in Ontario in May 2012, and transferring production to two other Ontario-based facilities. Investments 
totalling approximately $6.5 million will be made to support the production transfers. In addition, the Company  
will incur approximately $5.6 million before taxes in restructuring costs, of which approximately $4.2 million are  
cash costs. 

27.  TRANSITION TO INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (“IFRS”) 

These are the first audited annual consolidated financial statements that comply with IFRS. The accounting policies set 
out in Note 3 have been applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 
2011, the comparative information presented in these consolidated financial statements for the year ended 
December 31, 2010, and in the preparation of the opening consolidated balance sheets at January 1, 2010. 

First-time adopters of IFRS must apply the provisions of IFRS 1. IFRS 1 requires adopters to retrospectively apply all 
effective IFRS standards as of the reporting date (December 31, 2011) with certain optional exemptions and certain 
mandatory exceptions. The IFRS 1 optional exemptions and mandatory exceptions applied in the conversion from 
previous Canadian GAAP to IFRS are outlined below. 

An explanation of how the transition from Canadian GAAP to IFRS has affected the Company’s financial position and 
financial performance, and cash flows, is set out in the following reconciliations and the explanatory notes that 
accompany the reconciliations. Reconciliations of the consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income and 
shareholders’ equity for the respective periods are below. Changes to the cash flows were not material as a result of the 
conversion to IFRS. 

  98 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

IFRS 1 Optional Exemptions 

Business Combinations  

IFRS 1 provides an exemption that allows an entity to elect not to retrospectively restate business combinations prior 
to January 1, 2010 (“transition date”) in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations. The retrospective basis would 
require restatement of all business combinations that occurred prior to the transition date. The Company elected not to 
retrospectively apply IFRS 3 to business combinations that occurred prior to the transition date and such business 
combinations have not been restated. Any goodwill arising on such business combinations prior to the transition date 
has not been adjusted from the carrying value previously determined under Canadian GAAP. 

Fair Value as Deemed Cost 

IFRS 1 allows an entity to elect to measure property and equipment at fair value in the opening IFRS balance sheet. 
Fair value would then become the deemed cost of the item. Alternatively, an entity can retrospectively apply the 
historical cost model in IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment, to arrive at the carrying value of property and equipment 
at the transition date. The Company elected to retrospectively apply the historical cost model for property and 
equipment on the transition date. 

Employee Benefits 

IFRS 1 provides the option to retrospectively apply the “corridor approach” under IAS 19 Employee Benefits, for the 
recognition of actuarial gains and losses, or to recognize all cumulative gains and losses deferred under previous 
Canadian GAAP in opening retained earnings at the transition date. The Company elected to recognize all cumulative 
actuarial gains and losses that existed on the transition date in opening retained earnings for all of its employee  
benefit plans.  

Cumulative Currency Translation Differences 

Retrospective application of IFRS would require the Company to determine cumulative currency translation differences 
in accordance with IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, from the date a foreign subsidiary or 
associate was formed or acquired. IFRS 1 allows an entity to elect not to calculate the translation differences 
retrospectively and to reset cumulative translation gains and losses to zero at the transition date. The Company elected 
to reset all cumulative translation gains and losses that existed in the cumulative transition adjustment (“CTA”) 
balance to zero in opening retained earnings at the transition date. The CTA balance as of January 1, 2010 of  
$48.1 million was recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings, with an offset to accumulated other comprehensive 
income resulting in no impact on total equity.  

Share-based Payment Transactions  

IFRS 1 allows an entity to elect to be exempt from retrospectively applying the requirements of IFRS 2 Share-based 
Payments for awards that are vested or settled prior to the transition date. The Company elected to apply this 
exemption. There are several differences between IFRS 2 and Canadian GAAP. For example, when a share-based award 
vests in instalments over the vesting period (graded vesting), IFRS 2 requires each instalment to be accounted for as a 
separate arrangement. Canadian GAAP as applied by the Company in prior periods allows an entity to treat the entire 
award as a pool, determine fair value using the average life of the instruments and then recognize the compensation 
expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. This difference resulted in an increase in contributed surplus 
of $4.1 million and a decrease in retained earnings of $4.1 million as at the transition date, with no impact on  
total equity. 

Decommissioning Liabilities Included in the Cost of Property and Equipment 

IFRS 1 allows an entity to elect not to retrospectively apply the requirements of International Financial Reporting 
Interpretation Committee (“IFRIC”) 1 Changes in Existing Decommissioning, Restoration and Similar Liabilities. The 
Company elected not to retrospectively recognize changes to these liabilities under IFRIC 1 that may have occurred 
prior to the transition date. 

Borrowing Costs 

IAS 23 Borrowing Costs, requires an entity to capitalize borrowing costs relating to qualifying assets. Under IFRS 1, an 
entity may elect to apply the transitional provisions of IAS 23, which allow an entity to choose the date to apply the 
capitalization of borrowing costs relating to all qualifying assets as either the transition date or an earlier date. The 
Company elected to apply the transitional provisions of IAS 23 and chose the transition date as the date to commence 
the capitalization of borrowing costs to all qualifying assets. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   99 

 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

IFRS 1 Mandatory Exceptions 

Hedge Accounting 

Hedge accounting may only be applied prospectively from the transition date to transactions that meet the hedge 
accounting criteria in IAS 39 Financial Instruments  – Recognition and Measurement, at that date. Hedging relationships 
cannot be designated retrospectively and the supporting documentation cannot be created retrospectively. The 
Company designated all hedges appropriately under IFRS as of the transition date. 

Non-controlling Interests  

An entity must apply the requirements of IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, which relate to non-
controlling interests prospectively from the transition date. 

Estimates  

Estimates previously determined under Canadian GAAP cannot be revised due to the application of IFRS except where 
necessary to reflect differences in accounting policies. 

Reconciliation of Canadian GAAP to IFRS 

In preparing its opening IFRS consolidated financial statements, the Company has adjusted amounts reported 
previously in financial statements prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. An explanation of how the transition 
from Canadian GAAP to IFRS has affected the Company’s financial position and financial performance is set out below. 

(i)  Reconciliation of Shareholders’ Equity as Reported under Canadian GAAP to Total Equity under IFRS 

The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s shareholders’ equity reported in accordance with Canadian GAAP to 
its total equity in accordance with IFRS: 

December 31,  

January 1, 

Note 

2010 

2010 

Shareholders’ equity under Canadian GAAP 

 $     1,217,377  

 $   1,189,050  

Reclassification of non-controlling interest to 

total equity under IFRS 

          84,836  

          81,070  

Differences increasing (decreasing) reported 

total equity: 

  Property and equipment 

  Biological assets 

Impairment of goodwill 

  Employee benefits 

  Capitalization of borrowing costs 

  Deferred income taxes 

  Cumulative translation differences 

  Share-based compensation 

Increase in subsidiary interest 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

         (13,493) 

            1,820  

         (96,300) 

        (260,046) 

            1,512  

          52,237  

                  –   

                  –   

           (1,171) 

         (12,261) 

           (9,021) 

        (102,219) 

        (218,270) 

                    –  

          53,454  

                    –  

                    –  

                    –  

Total equity under IFRS 

 $     986,772  

 $     981,803  

  100 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

1.  Property and Equipment 

IFRS provides more specific guidance than Canadian GAAP on the capitalization and componentization of property  
and equipment. Specifically, IFRS requires that each part of an identifiable item of property and equipment with a cost 
that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item shall be capitalized and depreciated separately. As a result  
of this difference, the Company determined that certain assets must be separately capitalized components under  
IFRS. The retrospective application of this standard resulted in a decrease in total equity, being the cumulative 
incremental depreciation that would have been expensed in prior periods had these assets been separately identified 
and depreciated.  

2.  Biological Assets 

Under Canadian GAAP, the Company’s hog and poultry assets are considered inventory and, in general, are recorded 
at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Under IFRS, these assets are considered a separate asset class called 
biological assets, which must be carried at fair value less costs to sell. This change will result in periodic revaluations 
of the Company’s biological assets to fair value less costs to sell. The change in total equity relates to the difference in 
fair value less costs to sell of the Company’s hog and poultry assets and their recorded amounts under Canadian 
GAAP. In addition, pursuant to the classification requirements of IFRS, biological assets have been reclassified from 
inventory to biological assets in the balance sheet with no impact on total equity.  

3. 

Impairment of Goodwill 

Under IFRS, the Company determined a CGU’s recoverable amount to be the higher of fair value less costs to sell and 
value in use, calculated using estimated future cash flows discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount 
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Under 
Canadian GAAP impairment was evaluated using a two-step process whereby the recoverable amount was compared to 
the carrying value. If the recoverable amount was less than its carrying value, then the impairment loss was measured 
and recognized based on the fair value of the asset or asset group.  

Goodwill was tested for impairment for each applicable CGU group as at January 1, 2010 and October 1, 2010 (the 
annual impairment testing date) by comparing the CGU groups carrying amount to its recoverable amount. The 
application of IFRS resulted in an impairment loss at transition of $102.2 million using future estimated cash flows 
over a period of five years, present valued using discount rates ranging from 10.1% to 12.6%, with an ending terminal 
value determined using growth rates ranging from 2.6% to 3.0%. Future cash flows were based upon Management 
forecasts, and reflected Management’s best estimate at the time. 

The impairment loss at transition was attributed to the U.K. Bakery ($71.2 million) and Sandwich products  
($31.0 million) as at the transition date. 

4.  Employee Benefits 

The election to recognize all unrecognized cumulative actuarial gains and losses into opening retained earnings 
resulted in a decrease in total equity at transition. In addition, unrecognized past service costs that were vested and 
the transition amount under Canadian GAAP were recognized in opening retained earnings at the transition date. On 
an ongoing basis, the Company elected to recognize all actuarial gains and losses immediately in the consolidated 
statements of comprehensive income.  

IFRS provides more specific guidance on the recognition of employee benefit assets and liabilities. Specifically, the 
recognition of the value of an over-funded employee benefit plan is limited to the amount of the surplus that is 
considered recoverable. In addition, a liability is recognized under IFRS for minimum funding obligations that the 
Company may have under an employee benefit plan. The application of this difference results in a decrease in  
total equity.  

5.  Capitalization of Borrowing Costs 

This increase in total equity is the result of the Company’s election to capitalize borrowing costs in respect of qualifying 
assets as of the transition date. 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   101 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

6.  Deferred Income Taxes 

The increase in total equity related to deferred taxes reflects the change in temporary differences resulting from the 
effect of the other transitional adjustments. During the second quarter, the Company identified a further reduction of 
$8.6 million relating to the transition. During the fourth quarter the Company identified a further reduction of  
$0.1 million relating to the transition. 

7.  Cumulative Translation Differences 

The Company elected to reset CTA to zero as of January 1, 2010 in accordance with IFRS 1. The CTA balance as of 
January 1, 2010 of $48.1 million was recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. The application of the 
exemption had no impact on total equity. 

8.  Share-based Compensation 

When a share-based award vests in instalments over the vesting period (graded vesting), IFRS requires each instalment 
to be accounted for as a separate arrangement. Canadian GAAP allows an entity to treat the entire award as a pool, 
determine fair value using the average life of the instruments and then recognize the compensation expense on a 
straight-line basis over the vesting period. Certain of the Company’s historic share-based awards would have had a 
different quantification and amortization of compensation expense related to this difference. This difference results in 
an increase in contributed surplus and a decrease in retained earnings with no impact on total equity.  

9. 

Increase in Subsidiary Interest 

Under IFRS, when acquiring further interest in a subsidiary, the excess of the purchase price over the carrying value of 
non-controlling interest is considered to be a capital transaction under IFRS. This adjustment moves the excess 
purchase price over the carrying value of non-controlling interest that was recorded under Canadian GAAP to retained 
earnings, resulting in a reduction of total equity as at December 31, 2010.  

(ii)  Reconciliation of Net Earnings as Reported under Canadian GAAP to IFRS 

Year ended December 31 

Note 

2010 

Net earnings under Canadian GAAP 

Add back: non-controlling interest 

Differences increasing (decreasing) reported amount: 

Depreciation of asset components 

Depreciation of leasehold improvements 

Revaluation of biological assets 

Share-based compensation 

Capitalization of borrowing costs 

Employee benefits 

Hedge accounting 

Income taxes 

Net earnings under IFRS 

1.  Non-controlling Interest 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

 $       25,822  

            6,193  

           (1,116) 

              (310) 

          10,841  

            1,789  

            1,512  

           (8,083) 

               276  

           (1,311) 

$       35,613  

Non-controlling interest is included in the determination of net earnings under Canadian GAAP. Under IFRS, net 
earnings are attributed to both the controlling and non-controlling interests. This adjustment adds back non-
controlling interest to net earnings and results in an increase to net earnings. 

2.  Depreciation of Asset Components 

The adoption of IFRS resulted in separately capitalizing components of certain assets where the components were 
significant and had different useful lives than the previously recorded asset. The depreciation of these separate 
components resulted in a change in depreciation expense under IFRS compared to Canadian GAAP. 

  102 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

3.  Depreciation of Leasehold Improvements 

Under IFRS the Company has recognized additional costs of leasehold improvements. The amortization of these 
additional costs results in this difference. 

4.  Biological Assets 

The difference in fair value less costs to sell of the Company’s biological assets and their recorded amounts under 
Canadian GAAP results in an adjustment to net earnings.  

5.  Share-based Compensation 

The different quantification and amortization of compensation expense under Canadian GAAP compared to IFRS 
results in this difference. 

6.  Capitalization of Borrowing Costs 

Interest expense is reduced due to the capitalization of borrowing costs to qualifying assets. 

7.  Employee Benefits 

Under IFRS, the Company elected to recognize all actuarial gains and losses related to the employee defined benefit 
plans in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. This election has resulted in a reduction of net 
earnings as actuarial gains or losses were previously recognized in net earnings under Canadian GAAP using the 
corridor method. During the third quarter the Company identified an additional employee benefit liability of  
$1.0 million that should have been recorded on transition, this amount was adjusted through other comprehensive 
income in the third quarter of the current year. 

8.  Hedge Accounting 

Certain commodity hedges that qualified for hedge accounting under Canadian GAAP no longer qualify under IFRS, 
and the adjustment to net earnings represents the change in fair value of those instruments in the period. This has 
resulted in an increase in net earnings under IFRS. 

9. 

Income Taxes 

Deferred income taxes are impacted by the changes in temporary differences resulting from the effect of the IFRS 
reconciling items described above. 

(iii)  Reconciliation of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as Reported under Canadian GAAP to IFRS 

Year ended December 31 

Note 

2010 

Comprehensive income under Canadian GAAP 

Differences increasing (decreasing) reported amount: 

Differences in net 
earnings 

  Non-controlling interest 

  Hedge accounting 

  Change in accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment 

related to impairment of goodwill 

  Change in accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment 

related to leasehold improvements 

  Employee benefits 

Comprehensive loss under IFRS 

 $       1,486  

            3,598  

            6,193  

              (182) 

            5,919  

              194  

         (33,693) 

$    (16,485) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. |   103 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
notes to the consolidated financial statements 

1.  Differences in Net Earnings 

Reflects the differences in net earnings between Canadian GAAP and IFRS as described in the Reconciliation of Net 
Earnings as Reported under Canadian GAAP to IFRS table. 

2.  Non-controlling Interest 

Non-controlling interest is included in the determination of comprehensive income (loss) under Canadian GAAP. Under 
IFRS, comprehensive income is attributable to both the controlling and non-controlling interests. This adjustment adds 
back non-controlling interest to comprehensive income (loss) as reported under Canadian GAAP. 

3.  Hedge Accounting 

The Company has determined that some of its commodity hedging activities will not qualify for hedge accounting under 
IFRS, resulting in a decrease to net earnings. 

4. 

Impairment of Goodwill 

Reflects the foreign currency translation of the foreign denominated component of the $102.2 million impairment loss 
recognized at transition. 

5.  Leasehold Improvements 

Reflects the foreign currency translation of the foreign denominated component of the adjustments related to leasehold 
improvements. 

6.  Employee Benefits 

Under IFRS, the Company elected to recognize all actuarial gains and losses related to the employee defined benefit 
plans in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. This election has resulted in a reduction of net 
earnings as actuarial gains or losses were previously recognized in net earnings under Canadian GAAP using the 
corridor method. 

  104 

| MAPLE LEAF FOODS INC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

Computershare Investor Services Inc.
100 University Avenue, 9th Floor 
North Tower, Toronto, Ontario 
M5J 2Y1  Canada
Tel: (514) 982-7555
or 1-800-564-6253 (toll-free North America) 
or service@computershare.com

AUDITORS

KPMG LLP
Toronto, Ontario

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTINGS AND 
STOCK SYMBOL

The Company’s voting common shares are 
listed on The Toronto Stock Exchange and 
trade under the symbol “MFI”.

RAPPORT ANNUEL

Si vous désirez recevoir un exemplaire de 
la version française de ce rapport, veuillez 
écrire à l’adresse suivante : Secrétaire de  
la société, Les Aliments Maple Leaf Inc.,  
30 St. Clair Avenue West, Bureau 1500, 
Toronto, Ontario  M4V 3A2.

Corporate Information

CAPITAL STOCK

DIVIDENDS

The declaration and payment of quarterly 
dividends are made at the discretion of the 
Board of Directors. Anticipated payment 
dates in 2012: March 30, June 29, 
September 28 and December 31.

SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES

Inquiries regarding dividends, change 
of address, transfer requirements or lost 
certificates should be directed to the 
Company’s transfer agent:

Computershare Investor Services Inc.
100 University Avenue, 9th Floor
North Tower, Toronto, Ontario
M5J 2Y1  Canada
Tel: (514) 982-7555
or 1-800-564-6253 (toll-free North America)  
or service@computershare.com

COMPANY INFORMATION

For Investor Relations please call  
(416) 926-2005.

For copies of annual and quarterly reports, 
annual information form and other 
disclosure documents, please contact 
our Senior Vice-President, Transactions & 
Administration and Corporate Secretary at 
(416) 926-2000.

The Company’s authorized capital 
consists of an unlimited number of voting 
and an unlimited number of non-voting 
common shares. At December 31, 2011, 
140,044,089 voting common shares 
were issued and outstanding, for a total of 
140,044,089 outstanding shares. There 
were 750 shareholders of record of which 
710 were registered in Canada, holding 
98.88% of the issued voting shares.

OWNERSHIP

The Company’s major shareholder is 
McCain Capital Inc. holding 45,773,783 
voting shares representing 32.69% of the 
total issued and outstanding shares and 
West Face Capital Inc. holding 15,894,413 
voting shares representing 11.35% of the 
total issued and outstanding shares. The 
remainder of the issued and outstanding 
shares are publicly held.

CORPORATE OFFICE

Maple Leaf Foods Inc.
30 St. Clair Avenue West
Suite 1500
Toronto, Ontario, Canada  M4V 3A2
Tel: (416) 926-2000
Fax: (416) 926-2018
www.mapleleaffoods.com

ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting of shareholders of 
Maple Leaf Foods Inc. will be held on 
Wednesday, May 2, 2012 at 11:00 a.m. 
at the Ontario Bar Association Conference 
Centre, 200 – 20 Toronto Street,  
Toronto, Ontario.

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For more information about investing  
in Maple Leaf Foods, please visit  
the investor section of our website.  
www.mapleleaffoods.com

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Maple Leaf Foods Inc.
30 St. Clair Avenue West, Suite 1500
Toronto, Ontario, Canada  M4V 3A2