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Mastercard

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FY2022 Annual Report · Mastercard
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UNITED	STATES
SECURITIES	AND	EXCHANGE	COMMISSION

Washington,	D.C.	20549

Form 10-K

☒

ANNUAL	REPORT	PURSUANT	TO	SECTION	13	OR	15(d)	OF	THE	SECURITIES	EXCHANGE	ACT	OF	1934

For	the	fiscal	year	ended	December	31,	2022	

Or

☐

TRANSITION	REPORT	PURSUANT	TO	SECTION	13	OR	15(d)	OF	THE	SECURITIES	EXCHANGE	ACT	OF	1934

For	the	transition	period	from														to													

Commission	file	number:	001-32877	

Mastercard	Incorporated

(Exact	name	of	registrant	as	specified	in	its	charter)

Delaware
(State	or	other	jurisdiction	of
incorporation	or	organization)

2000	Purchase	Street	

Purchase, NY

(Address	of	principal	executive	offices)

13-4172551
(IRS	Employer
Identification	Number)

10577
(Zip	Code)

(914)	249-2000	
(Registrant’s	telephone	number,	including	area	code)

Securities	registered	pursuant	to	Section	12(b)	of	the	Act:

Title	of	each	class

Trading	Symbol

Name	of	each	exchange	of	which	registered

Class	A	Common	Stock,	par	value	$0.0001	per	share

2.1%	Notes	due	2027

1.0%	Notes	due	2029

2.5%	Notes	due	2030

MA

MA27

MA29A

MA30

New	York	Stock	Exchange

New	York	Stock	Exchange

New	York	Stock	Exchange

New	York	Stock	Exchange

Securities	registered	pursuant	to	Section	12(g)	of	the	Act:

Class	B	common	stock,	par	value	$0.0001	per	share

Indicate	by	check	mark	if	the	registrant	is	a	well-known	seasoned	issuer,	as	defined	in	Rule	405	of	the	Securities	Act.

Indicate	by	check	mark	if	the	registrant	is	not	required	to	file	reports	pursuant	to	Section	13	or	Section	15(d)	of	the	Act.

Indicate	by	check	mark	whether	the	registrant	(1)	has	filed	all	reports	required	to	be	filed	by	Section	13	or	15(d)	of	the	Securities	
Exchange	Act	of	1934	during	the	preceding	12	months	(or	for	such	shorter	period	that	the	registrant	was	required	to	file	such	
reports),	and	(2)	has	been	subject	to	such	filing	requirements	for	the	past	90	days.

Indicate	by	check	mark	whether	the	registrant	has	submitted	electronically	every	Interactive	Data	File	required	to	be	submitted	
pursuant	to	Rule	405	of	Regulation	S-T	(§232.405	of	this	chapter)	during	the	preceding	12	months	(or	for	such	shorter	period	that	the	
registrant	was	required	to	submit	such	files).

Yes ☒

No ☐

Yes ☐

No ☒

Yes ☒

No ☐

Yes ☒

No ☐

Indicate	by	check	mark	whether	the	registrant	is	a	large	accelerated	filer,	an	accelerated	filer,	a	non-accelerated	filer,	a	smaller	reporting	company,	or	an	
emerging	growth	company.		See	the	definitions	of	“large	accelerated	filer,”	“accelerated	filer,”	“smaller	reporting	company,”	and	“emerging	growth	company”	
in	Rule	12b-2	of	the	Exchange	Act.	(Check	One):

Large	accelerated	filer ☒

Non-accelerated	filer

☐ (do	not	check	if	a	smaller	reporting	company)

Accelerated	filer

Smaller	reporting	company

Emerging	growth	company

☐

☐

☐

If	an	emerging	growth	company,	indicate	by	check	mark	if	the	registrant	has	elected	not	to	use	the	extended	transition	period	for	complying	with	any	new	
or	revised	financial	accounting	standards	provided	pursuant	to	Section	13	(a)	of	the	Exchange	Act.

Indicate	by	check	mark	whether	the	registrant	has	filed	a	report	on	and	attestation	to	its	management’s	assessment	of	the	effectiveness	of	its	internal	
control	over	financial	reporting	under	Section	404(b)	of	the	Sarbanes-Oxley	Act	(15	U.S.C.	7262(b))	by	the	registered	public	accounting	firm	that	prepared	
or	issued	its	audit	report.

If	securities	are	registered	pursuant	to	Section	12(b)	of	the	Act,	indicate	by	check	mark	whether	the	financial	statements	of	the	registrant	included	in	the	
filing	reflect	the	correction	of	an	error	to	previously	issued	financial	statements.	

Indicate	by	check	mark	whether	any	of	those	error	corrections	are	restatements	that	required	a	recovery	analysis	of	incentive-based	compensation	
received	by	any	of	the	registrant’s	executive	officers	during	the	relevant	recovery	period	pursuant	to	§240.10D-1(b).

☐

☒

☐

☐

Indicate	by	check	mark	whether	the	registrant	is	a	shell	company	(as	defined	in	Rule	12b-2	of	the	Act).

Yes ☐

No ☒

The	aggregate	market	value	of	the	registrant’s	Class	A	common	stock,	par	value	$0.0001	per	share,	held	by	non-affiliates	(using	the	New	York	Stock	Exchange	
closing	price	as	of	June	30,	2022,	the	last	business	day	of	the	registrant’s	most	recently	completed	second	fiscal	quarter)	was	approximately	$270.1	billion.		
There	is	currently	no	established	public	trading	market	for	the	registrant’s	Class	B	common	stock,	par	value	$0.0001	per	share.		As	of	February	8,	2023,	there	
were	945,723,000	shares	outstanding	of	the	registrant’s	Class	A	common	stock,	par	value	$0.0001	per	share	and	7,519,534	shares	outstanding	of	the	registrant’s	
Class	B	common	stock,	par	value	$0.0001	per	share.

Portions	of	the	registrant’s	definitive	proxy	statement	for	the	2023	Annual	Meeting	of	Stockholders	are	incorporated	by	reference	into	Part	III	hereof.

MASTERCARD	INCORPORATED	FISCAL	YEAR	2022	FORM	10-K	ANNUAL	REPORT

TABLE	OF	CONTENTS

PART	I

PART	II

PART	III

PART	IV

6

25

40

40

40

40

41

44

45

46

61

63

114

114

114

116

116

116

116

116

118

118

Item	1.

Business

Item	1A. Risk	factors

Item	1B. Unresolved	staff	comments

Item	2.

Properties

Item	3.

Legal	proceedings

Item	4. Mine	safety	disclosures

-

Information	about	our	executive	officers

Item	5. Market	for	registrant’s	common	equity,	related	stockholder	matters	and	issuer	

purchases	of	equity	securities

Item	6.

Reserved

Item	7. Management’s	discussion	and	analysis	of	financial	condition	and	results	of	operations

Item	7A. Quantitative	and	qualitative	disclosures	about	market	risk

Item	8.

Financial	statements	and	supplementary	data

Item	9.

Changes	in	and	disagreements	with	accountants	on	accounting	and	financial	disclosure

Item	9A. Controls	and	procedures

Item	9B. Other	information

Item	10. Directors,	executive	officers	and	corporate	governance

Item	11.

Executive	compensation

Item	12.

Security	ownership	of	certain	beneficial	owners	and	management	and	related	
stockholder	matters

Item	13. Certain	relationships	and	related	transactions,	and	director	independence

Item	14. Principal	accountant	fees	and	services

Item	15.

Exhibits	and	financial	statement	schedules

Item	16.

Form	10-K	summary

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					3

In	 this	 Report	 on	 Form	 10-K	 (“Report”),	 references	 to	 the	 “Company,”	 “Mastercard,”	 “we,”	 “us”	 or	 “our”	 refer	 to	 the	 business	
conducted	by	Mastercard	Incorporated	and	its	consolidated	subsidiaries,	including	our	operating	subsidiary,	Mastercard	International	
Incorporated,	and	to	the	Mastercard	brand.

Forward-Looking	Statements

This	Report	contains	forward-looking	statements	pursuant	to	the	safe	harbor	provisions	of	the	Private	Securities	Litigation	Reform	
Act	of	1995.		All	statements	other	than	statements	of	historical	facts	may	be	forward-looking	statements.		When	used	in	this	Report,	
the	words	“believe”,	“expect”,	“could”,	“may”,	“would”,	“will”,	“trend”	and	similar	words	are	intended	to	identify	forward-looking	
statements.		Examples	of	forward-looking	statements	include,	but	are	not	limited	to,	statements	that	relate	to	the	Company’s	future	
prospects,	developments	and	business	strategies.	

Many	factors	and	uncertainties	relating	to	our	operations	and	business	environment,	all	of	which	are	difficult	to	predict	and	many	of	
which	 are	 outside	 of	 our	 control,	 influence	 whether	 any	 forward-looking	 statements	 can	 or	 will	 be	 achieved.	 	 Any	 one	 of	 those	
factors	 could	 cause	 our	 actual	 results	 to	 differ	 materially	 from	 those	 expressed	 or	 implied	 in	 writing	 in	 any	 forward-looking	
statements	made	by	Mastercard	or	on	its	behalf,	including,	but	not	limited	to,	the	following	factors:

•

•

•

•

regulation	 directly	 related	 to	 the	 payments	 industry	 (including	 regulatory,	 legislative	 and	 litigation	 activity	 with	 respect	 to	
interchange	rates	and	surcharging)

the	impact	of	preferential	or	protective	government	actions

regulation	of	privacy,	data,	security	and	the	digital	economy

regulation	 that	 directly	 or	 indirectly	 applies	 to	 us	 based	 on	 our	 participation	 in	 the	 global	 payments	 industry	 (including	 anti-
money	 laundering,	 counter	 financing	 of	 terrorism,	 economic	 sanctions	 and	 anti-corruption,	 account-based	 payments	 systems,	
and	issuer	and	acquirer	practice	regulation)

•

the	impact	of	changes	in	tax	laws,	as	well	as	regulations	and	interpretations	of	such	laws	or	challenges	to	our	tax	positions

• potential	or	incurred	liability	and	limitations	on	business	related	to	any	litigation	or	litigation	settlements

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

the	impact	of	competition	in	the	global	payments	industry	(including	disintermediation	and	pricing	pressure)

the	challenges	relating	to	rapid	technological	developments	and	changes

the	challenges	relating	to	operating	a	real-time	account-based	payments	system	and	to	working	with	new	customers	and	end	
users

the	impact	of	information	security	incidents,	account	data	breaches	or	service	disruptions	

issues	 related	 to	 our	 relationships	 with	 our	 stakeholders	 (including	 loss	 of	 substantial	 business	 from	 significant	 customers,	
competitor	relationships	with	our	customers,	consolidation	amongst	our	customers,	merchants’	continued	focus	on	acceptance	
costs	and	unique	risks	from	our	work	with	governments)	

the	impact	of	global	economic,	political,	financial	and	societal	events	and	conditions,	including	adverse	currency	fluctuations	and	
foreign	exchange	controls	as	well	as	events	and	resulting	actions	related	to	the	Russian	invasion	of	Ukraine

the	impact	of	the	global	COVID-19	pandemic	and	measures	taken	in	response	

reputational	impact,	including	impact	related	to	brand	perception	and	lack	of	visibility	of	our	brands	in	products	and	services

the	impact	of	environmental,	social	and	governance	matters	and	related	stakeholder	reaction

the	inability	to	attract	and	retain	a	highly	qualified	and	diverse	workforce,	or	maintain	our	corporate	culture

issues	related	to	acquisition	integration,	strategic	investments	and	entry	into	new	businesses		

exposure	to	loss	or	illiquidity	due	to	our	role	as	guarantor	and	other	contractual	obligations

issues	related	to	our	Class	A	common	stock	and	corporate	governance	structure

Please	see	“Risk	Factors”	in	Part	I,	Item	1A	for	a	complete	discussion	of	these	risk	factors.		We	caution	you	that	the	important	factors	
referenced	above	may	not	contain	all	of	the	factors	that	are	important	to	you.		Our	forward-looking	statements	speak	only	as	of	the	
date	of	this	Report	or	as	of	the	date	they	are	made,	and	we	undertake	no	obligation	to	update	our	forward-looking	statements.

4					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I

Item	1.	Business

Item	1A.	Risk	factors

Item	1B.	Unresolved	staff	comments

Item	2.	Properties

Item	3.	Legal	proceedings

Item	4.	Mine	safety	disclosures

Information	about	our	executive	officers

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Item	1.	Business

Overview

Mastercard	 is	 a	 technology	 company	 in	 the	 global	 payments	 industry.	 	 We	 connect	 consumers,	 financial	 institutions,	 merchants,	
governments,	digital	partners,	businesses	and	other	organizations	worldwide	by	enabling	electronic	payments	instead	of	cash	and	
checks	and	making	those	payment	transactions	safe,	simple,	smart	and	accessible.		We	make	payments	easier	and	more	efficient	by	
providing	a	wide	range	of	payment	solutions	and	services	using	our	family	of	well-known	and	trusted	brands,	including	Mastercard®,	
Maestro®	and	Cirrus®.		We	operate	a	multi-rail	payments	network	that	provides	choice	and	flexibility	for	consumers,	merchants	and	
our	customers.		Through	our	unique	and	proprietary	core	global	payments	network,	we	switch	(authorize,	clear	and	settle)	payment	
transactions.		We	have	additional	payment	capabilities	that	include	automated	clearing	house	(“ACH”)	transactions	(both	batch	and	
real-time	account-based	payments).		Using	these	capabilities,	we	offer	integrated	payment	products	and	services	and	capture	new	
payment	 flows.	 	 Our	 value-added	 services	 include,	 among	 others,	 cyber	 and	 intelligence	 solutions	 to	 allow	 all	 parties	 to	 transact	
easily	 and	 with	 confidence,	 as	 well	 as	 other	 services	 that	 provide	 proprietary	 insights,	 drawing	 on	 our	 principled	 use	 of	 secure	
consumer	and	merchant	data.		Our	investments	in	new	networks,	such	as	open	banking	solutions	and	digital	identity	capabilities,	
support	and	strengthen	our	payments	and	services	solutions.		Our	franchise	model	sets	the	standards	and	ground-rules	for	our	core	
global	 payments	 network	 that	 balance	 value	 and	 risk	 across	 all	 stakeholders	 and	 allows	 for	 interoperability	 among	 them.	 	 Our	
payment	solutions	are	designed	to	ensure	safety	and	security	for	the	global	payments	ecosystem.

For	a	full	discussion	of	our	business,	please	see	page	9.

Our	Performance

The	following	are	our	key	financial	and	operational	highlights	for	2022,	including	growth	rates	over	the	prior	year:

Net	revenue
$22.2B
up	18%

Adjusted	net	revenue
$22.2B
up	23%

$10.7B
in	capital	returned		
to	stockholders

GAAP

Net	income
$9.9B
up	14%

Non-GAAP	1	(currency-neutral)

Adjusted	net	income
$10.3B
up	32%

$8.8B

Repurchased	shares

$1.9B Dividends	paid

Diluted	EPS
$10.22
up	17%

Adjusted	diluted	EPS
$10.65
up	34%

$11.2B
cash	flows	
from	operations

Gross	dollar	volume
(growth	on	a	local	currency	basis)

Cross-border	volume	growth	
(on	a	local	currency	basis)

Switched	transactions

$8.2T
up	12%

up	45%

125.7B
up	12%

1

Non-GAAP	results	(including	growth	rates)	exclude	the	impact	of	gains	and	losses	on	equity	investments,	Special	Items	and/or	foreign	currency.		
See	“Management’s	Discussion	and	Analysis	of	Financial	Condition	and	Results	of	Operations	-	Financial	Results	Overview”	in	Part	II,	Item	7	for	
the	reconciliation	to	the	most	direct	comparable	GAAP	financial	measures.

6					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

The	following	chart	provides	gross	dollar	volume	(“GDV”)	and	number	of	cards	featuring	our	brands	in	2022	for	select	programs	and	
solutions:

GDV
Year	Ended	December	31,	2022

Cards
As	of	December	31,	2022

Mastercard-branded	Programs	1,	2

(in	billions)

Growth	(Local)

%	of	Total	GDV

(in	millions)

%	Increase	
from	December	
31,	2021

				Consumer	Credit

$	

				Consumer	Debit	and	Prepaid

				Commercial	Credit	and	Debit

3,143	

4,012	

1,023	

	15	%

	8	%

	24	%

	38	% 	

	49	% 	

	13	% 	

992	

1,617	

122	

	3	%

	7	%

	11	%

1

2

Excludes	Maestro	and	Cirrus	cards	and	volume	generated	by	those	cards.
Prepaid	includes	both	consumer	and	commercial	prepaid.

For	a	full	discussion	of	our	results	of	operations,	see	“Management’s	Discussion	and	Analysis	of	Financial	Condition	and	Results	of	
Operations”	in	Item	II,	Part	7.	

Our	Strategy

Our	 strategy	 centers	 on	 growing	 our	 core	 payments	 network,	 diversifying	 our	 customers	 and	 geographies	 and	 building	 new	
capabilities	through	a	combination	of	organic	and	inorganic	strategic	initiatives.		We	are	executing	on	this	strategy	through	a	focus	
on	three	key	priorities:	

•

•

•

expand	in	payments	for	consumers,	businesses	and	governments

extend	our	services	to	enhance	transactions	and	drive	customer	value

embrace	new	network	opportunities	to	enable	open	banking,	digital	identity	and	other	adjacent	network	capabilities	

Each	of	our	priorities	supports	and	builds	upon	each	other	and	are	fundamentally	interdependent.		

Our	strategy

Our	key	priorities	

Powering	our	success

Grow
our	core

Diversify
into	new	customers
and	geographies

Build
new	areas
for	the	future

People

Brand

Data

Technology

Franchise

Doing	well	by
doing	good

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					7

	
	
PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Our	Key	Strategic	Priorities

Expand	in	payments.		We	focus	on	expanding	upon	our	core	payments	network	to	enable	payment	flows	for	consumers,	businesses,	
governments	and	others,	providing	them	with	choice	and	flexibility	to	transact	across	multiple	payment	rails	(including	cards,	real-
time	payments,	account-to-account	transactions,	crypto	and	others)	while	ensuring	that	all	payments	are	safe,	secure	and	seamless.		
We	do	so	by:

• Driving	growth	in	consumer	payments	with	a	focus	on	accelerating	digitization,	growing	acceptance	and	pursuing	an	expanded	

set	of	use	cases,	including	through	partnerships	

• Capturing	 new	 payment	 flows	 by	 expanding	 our	 multi-rail	 capabilities	 and	 applications	 to	 penetrate	 key	 flows	 such	 as	
disbursements	and	remittances,	commercial	point	of	sale	transactions,	business-to-business	(“B2B”)	accounts	payable	flows	and	
consumer	bill	payments

•

Leaning	into	new	payment	innovations	such	as	our	piloting	in	2022	of	Mastercard	Installments	(our	buy-now-pay-later	solution)	
and	developing	solutions	that	support	digital	currencies	and	blockchain	applications		

Extend	our	services.		Our	services	drive	value	for	our	customers	and	the	broader	payments	ecosystem.		These	services	include	cyber	
and	intelligence	solutions,	insights	and	analytics,	consulting,	marketing	services,	loyalty,	processing	and	payment	gateway	solutions	
for	 e-commerce	 merchants.	 	 As	 we	 drive	 value,	 our	 services	 generate	 revenue	 while	 helping	 to	 accelerate	 our	 overall	 financial	
performance	by	supporting	revenue	growth	in	payments	and	new	network	opportunities.		We	extend	our	services	by:

•

•

•

Enhancing	the	value	of	payments	by	making	payments	safe,	secure,	intelligent	and	seamless		

Expanding	 services	 to	 new	 segments	 and	 use	 cases	 to	 address	 the	 needs	 of	 a	 larger	 set	 of	 customers,	 including	 financial	
institutions,	merchants,	governments,	digital	players	and	others,	while	expanding	our	geographic	reach	

Supporting	 and	 strengthening	 new	 network	 capabilities,	 including	 expanding	 services	 associated	 with	 digital	 identities	 and	
deploying	our	expertise	in	open	banking	and	open	data,	including	with	improved	analytics

Embrace	new	network	opportunities.		We	are	building	and	managing	new	adjacent	network	capabilities	to	power	commerce	and	
payments,	creating	new	opportunities	to	develop	and	embed	services.		We	do	so	by:

• Applying	 our	 open	 banking	 solutions	 to	 help	 institutions	 and	 individuals	 exchange	 consumer-permissioned	 data	 securely	 and	
easily	 by	 enabling	 the	 reliable	 access,	 transmission	 and	 management	 of	 consumer	 data	 (including	 for	 opening	 new	 accounts,	
securing	loans,	increasing	credit	scores	and	enabling	consumer	choice	in	money	movement	and	personal	finance	management)

•

Enabling	digital	identity	solutions	to	instill	trust	in	the	digital	world	and	ensure	that	payments	across	consumers,	companies,	
devices	and	virtual	entities	are	efficient,	safe	and	secure

Each	of	our	priorities	supports	and	builds	upon	each	other	and	are	fundamentally	interdependent:	

• Payments	provide	data	and	distribution	to	drive	scale	and	differentiation	in	services	and	enable	the	development	and	adoption	

of	new	network	capabilities

•

Services	 improve	 the	 security,	 efficiency	 and	 intelligence	 of	 payments,	 improve	 portfolio	 performance,	 differentiate	 our	
offerings,	strengthen	our	customer	relationships	and	support	our	open	banking	and	digital	identity	platforms

• New	 network	 opportunities	 strengthen	 our	 digital	 payments	 value	 proposition,	 including	 improved	 authentication	 with	 digital	

identity,	and	new	opportunities	to	develop	and	embed	services	in	our	expanding	product	offerings

Powering	Our	Success

These	priorities	are	supported	by	six	key	drivers:

People.		Our	success	is	driven	by	the	skills,	experience,	integrity	and	mindset	of	our	people.		We	attract	and	retain	top	talent	from	
diverse	backgrounds	and	industries.		Our	people	and	our	winning	culture	is	based	on	decency,	respect	and	inclusion	where	people	
have	 opportunities	 to	 perform	 purpose-driven	 work	 that	 impacts	 communities,	 customers	 and	 co-workers	 on	 a	 global	 scale.	 	 The	
diversity	and	skill	sets	of	our	people	underpin	everything	we	do.			

Brand.	 	 Our	 brands	 and	 brand	 identities	 serve	 as	 a	 differentiator	 for	 our	 business,	 representing	 our	 values	 and	 enabling	 us	 to	
accelerate	growth	in	new	areas.	

8					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Data.	 	 We	 use	 our	 data	 assets,	 infrastructure	 and	 platforms	 to	 create	 a	 range	 of	 products	 and	 services	 for	 our	 customers,	 while	
incorporating	 our	 data	 principles	 in	 how	 we	 design,	 implement	 and	 deliver	 those	 solutions.	 	 Our	 Privacy	 by	 Design	 and	 Data	 by	
Design	processes	have	been	developed	to	ensure	we	embed	privacy,	security	and	data	controls	in	all	of	our	products	and	services,	
keeping	a	clear	focus	on	protecting	customers’	and	individuals’	data.	

Technology.		Our	technology	provides	resiliency,	scalability	and	flexibility	in	how	we	serve	customers.		It	enables	broader	reach	to	
scale	digital	payment	services	to	multiple	channels,	including	mobile	devices.		Our	technology	standards,	services	and	governance	
model	help	us	to	serve	as	the	connection	that	allows	financial	institutions,	financial	technology	companies	(fintechs)	and	others	to	
interoperate	and	enable	consumers,	businesses,	governments	and	merchants	to	engage	through	digital	channels.

Franchise.	 	 We	 manage	 an	 ecosystem	 of	 stakeholders	 who	 participate	 in	 our	 network.	 	 Our	 franchise	 creates	 and	 sustains	 a	
comprehensive	series	of	value	exchanges	across	our	ecosystem.		We	provide	a	balanced	ecosystem	where	all	participants	benefit	
from	 the	 availability,	 innovation	 and	 safety	 and	 security	 of	 our	 network	 and	 platforms.	 	 Our	 franchise	 enables	 the	 scale	 of	 our	
payments	network	and	helps	ensure	our	multiple	payment	capabilities	operate	under	a	single	governance	structure,	which	can	be	
extended	to	new	opportunities.		

Doing	 Well	 by	 Doing	 Good.	 	 Sustainable	 impact	 is	 fundamental	 to	 our	 business	 strategy,	 and	 we	 leverage	 our	 employees,	
technology,	resources,	partnerships	and	expertise	to	address	social,	economic	and	environmental	challenges.		Our	environmental,	
social	and	governance	(“ESG”)	priorities	are	expressed	through	three	pillars	-	People,	Prosperity,	Planet	-	and	all	of	the	work	we	do	is	
grounded	 in	 strong	 governance	 principles.	 	 For	 more	 information,	 please	 reference	 our	 most	 recently	 published	 Corporate	
Sustainability	Report	and	Proxy	Statement	(each	located	on	our	website).			

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					9

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Our	Business

Our	Multi-Rail	Network	and	Payment	Capabilities	

We	enable	a	wide	variety	of	payment	capabilities	(including	integrated	products	and	value-added	services	and	solutions)	over	our	
multi-rail	 network	 among	 account	 holders,	 merchants,	 financial	 institutions,	 businesses,	 governments	 and	 others,	 offering	 our	
customers	one	partner	for	their	payment	needs.		

Payment	Network

Our	core	payment	network	links	issuers	and	acquirers	around	the	globe	to	facilitate	the	switching	of	transactions,	permitting	account	
holders	to	use	a	Mastercard	product	at	tens	of	millions	of	acceptance	locations	worldwide.		This	network	facilitates	an	efficient,	safe	
and	secure	means	for	receiving	payments,	a	convenient,	quick	and	secure	payment	method	for	consumers	to	access	their	funds	and	
a	channel	for	businesses	to	receive	insight	through	information	that	is	derived	from	our	network.		We	enable	transactions	for	our	
customers	through	our	core	payment	network	in	more	than	150	currencies	and	in	more	than	210	countries	and	territories.		

Payment	Network	Transactions.		Our	core	payment	network	supports	what	is	often	referred	to	as	a	“four-party”	payments	network	
and	 includes	 the	 following	 participants:	 account	 holder	 (a	 person	 or	 entity	 who	 holds	 a	 card	 or	 uses	 another	 device	 enabled	 for	
payment),	issuer	(the	account	holder’s	financial	institution),	merchant	and	acquirer	(the	merchant’s	financial	institution).		

We	do	not	issue	cards,	extend	credit,	determine	or	receive	revenue	from	interest	rates	or	other	fees	charged	to	account	holders	by	
issuers,	 or	 establish	 the	 rates	 charged	 by	 acquirers	 in	 connection	 with	 merchants’	 acceptance	 of	 our	 products.	 	 In	 most	 cases,	
account	holder	relationships	belong	to,	and	are	managed	by,	our	customers.	

The	 following	 graphic	 depicts	 a	 typical	 transaction	 on	 our	 core	 payment	 network	 and	 our	 role	 in	 that	transaction,	 which	 includes	
payment	security,	value-added	services	and	the	enablement	of	digital	payments:

In	a	typical	transaction,	an	account	holder	purchases	goods	or	services	from	a	merchant	using	one	of	our	payment	products.		After	
the	transaction	is	authorized	by	the	issuer,	the	issuer	pays	the	acquirer	an	amount	equal	to	the	value	of	the	transaction,	minus	the	
interchange	fee	(described	below)	and	other	applicable	fees,	and	then	posts	the	transaction	to	the	account	holder’s	account.		The	
acquirer	pays	the	amount	of	the	purchase,	net	of	a	discount	(referred	to	as	the	“merchant	discount”	rate),	to	the	merchant.

•

Interchange	 Fees.	 	 Interchange	 fees	 reflect	 the	 value	 merchants	 receive	 from	 accepting	 our	 products	 and	 play	 a	 key	 role	 in	
balancing	the	costs	and	benefits	that	consumers	and	merchants	derive.		Generally,	interchange	fees	are	collected	from	acquirers	
and	paid	to	issuers	to	reimburse	the	issuers	for	a	portion	of	the	costs	incurred.		These	costs	are	incurred	by	issuers	in	providing	
services	 that	 benefit	 all	 participants	 in	 the	 system,	 including	 acquirers	 and	 merchants,	 whose	 participation	 in	 the	 network	
enables	increased	sales	to	their	existing	and	new	customers,	efficiencies	in	the	delivery	of	existing	and	new	products,	guaranteed	
payments	and	improved	customer	experience.		We	(or,	alternatively,	financial	institutions)	establish	“default	interchange	fees”	
that	apply	when	there	are	no	other	established	settlement	terms	in	place	between	an	issuer	and	an	acquirer.		We	administer	the	
collection	and	remittance	of	interchange	fees	through	the	settlement	process.

10					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

• Additional	 Four-Party	 System	 Fees.	 	 The	 merchant	 discount	 rate	 is	 established	 by	 the	 acquirer	 to	 cover	 its	 costs	 of	 both	
participating	in	the	four-party	system	and	providing	services	to	merchants.		The	rate	takes	into	consideration	the	amount	of	the	
interchange	fee	which	the	acquirer	generally	pays	to	the	issuer.		Additionally,	acquirers	may	charge	merchants	processing	and	
related	 fees	 in	 addition	 to	 the	 merchant	 discount	 rate.	 	 Issuers	 may	 also	 charge	 account	 holders	 fees	 for	 the	 transaction,	
including,	for	example,	fees	for	extending	revolving	credit.	

Switched	Transactions	

• Authorization,	 Clearing	 and	 Settlement.	 	 Through	 our	 core	 payment	 network,	 we	 enable	 the	 routing	 of	 a	 transaction	 to	 the	
issuer	 for	 its	 approval,	 facilitate	 the	 exchange	 of	 financial	 transaction	 information	 between	 issuers	 and	 acquirers	 after	 a	
successfully	 conducted	 transaction,	 and	 settle	 the	 transaction	 by	 facilitating	 the	 exchange	 of	 funds	 between	 parties	 via	
settlement	banks	chosen	by	us	and	our	customers.

• Cross-Border	and	Domestic.		Our	core	payment	network	switches	transactions	throughout	the	world	when	the	merchant	country	
and	 country	 of	 issuance	 are	 different	 (“cross-border	 transactions”),	 providing	 account	 holders	 with	 the	 ability	 to	 use,	 and	
merchants	 to	 accept,	 our	 products	 and	 services	 across	 country	 borders.	 	 We	 also	 provide	 switched	 transaction	 services	 to	
customers	 where	 the	 merchant	 country	 and	 the	 country	 of	 issuance	 are	 the	 same	 (“domestic	 transactions”).	 	 We	 switch	over	
60%	of	all	transactions	for	Mastercard	and	Maestro-branded	cards,	including	nearly	all	cross-border	transactions.		

We	 guarantee	 the	 settlement	 of	 many	 of	 the	 transactions	 from	 issuers	 to	 acquirers	 to	 ensure	 the	 integrity	 of	 our	 core	 payment	
network.	 	 We	 refer	 to	 the	 amount	 of	 this	 guarantee	 as	 our	 settlement	 exposure.	 	 We	 do	 not,	 however,	 guarantee	 payments	 to	
merchants	by	their	acquirers	or	the	availability	of	unspent	prepaid	account	holder	account	balances.

Payment	 Network	 Architecture.	 	 Our	 core	 payment	 network	 features	 a	 globally	 integrated	 structure	 that	 provides	 scale	 for	 our	
issuers,	enabling	them	to	expand	into	regional	and	global	markets.		It	is	based	largely	on	a	distributed	(peer-to-peer)	architecture	
that	enables	the	network	to	adapt	to	the	needs	of	each	transaction.		The	network	accomplishes	this	by	performing	intelligent	routing	
and	 applying	 multiple	 value-added	 services	 (such	 as	 fraud	 scoring,	 tokenization	 services,	 etc.)	 to	 appropriate	 transactions	 in	 real	
time.		This	architecture	enables	us	to	connect	all	parties	regardless	of	where	or	how	the	transaction	is	occurring.		It	has	24-hour	a	
day	availability	and	world-class	response	time.

Additional	Payment	Capabilities

ACH	 Batch	 and	 Real-Time	 Account-Based	 Payments	 Infrastructure.	 	 We	 offer	 ACH	 batch	 and	 real-time	 account-based	 payments	
capabilities,	enabling	payments	for	ACH	transactions	between	bank	accounts	in	real-time.		These	capabilities	provide	consumers	and	
businesses	 the	 ability	 to	 make	 instant	 (faster)	 payments	 while	 providing	 enhanced	 data	 and	 messaging	 capabilities.	 	 We	 build,	
implement,	enhance	and	operate	real-time	clearing	and	settlement	infrastructure,	payment	platforms	and	direct	debit	systems	for	
jurisdictions	globally.		As	of	December	31,	2022,	we	either	operated	or	were	implementing	real-time	payments	infrastructure	in	12	of	
the	top	50	markets	as	measured	by	GDP.		We	also	use	our	real-time	payments	capabilities	to	enable	new	payment	flows,	such	as	
consumer	bill	payments	using	our	real-time	bill	pay	solutions.	

Account-to-Account.	 	 We	 enable	 consumers,	 businesses,	 governments	 and	 merchants	 to	 send	 and	 receive	 money	 directly	 from	
account-to-account.		We	apply	these	capabilities	to	help	these	stakeholders	with	various	disbursements	and	remittances.		

We	 discuss	 below	 under	 “Our	 Payment	 Products	 and	 Applications”	 the	 ways	 in	 which	 we	 apply	 our	 real-time	 account-based	 and	
account-to-account	payment	capabilities	to	capture	new	payment	flows.	

Security	and	Franchise

Payments	System	Security.		We	have	a	multi-layered	approach	to	protect	the	global	payments	ecosystem.		As	part	of	this	approach,	
we	 have	 a	 robust	 program	 to	 protect	 our	 network	 from	 cyber	 and	 information	 security	 threats.	 	 Our	 network	 and	 platforms	
incorporate	 multiple	 layers	 of	 protection,	 providing	 greater	 resiliency	 and	 best-in-class	 security	 protection.	 	 Our	 programs	 are	
assessed	by	third	parties	and	incorporate	benchmarking	and	other	data	from	peer	companies	and	consultants.		We	engage	in	many	
efforts	to	mitigate	information	security	challenges,	including	maintaining	an	information	security	program,	an	enterprise	resilience	
program	and	insurance	coverage,	as	well	as	regularly	testing	our	systems	to	address	potential	vulnerabilities.		Through	the	combined	
efforts	of	our	Security	Operations	Centers,	Fusion	Centers	and	the	Mastercard	Intelligence	Center,	we	work	with	experts	across	the	
organization	 (as	 well	 as	 through	 other	 sources	 such	 as	 public-private	 partnerships)	 to	 monitor	 and	 respond	 quickly	 to	 a	 range	 of	
cyber	and	physical	threats.

As	 another	 feature	 of	 our	 multi-layered	 approach	 to	 protect	 the	 global	 payments	 ecosystem,	 we	 work	 with	 issuers,	 acquirers,	
merchants,	 governments	 and	 payments	 industry	 associations	 to	 develop	 and	 put	 in	 place	 technical	 standards	 (such	 as	 EMV	
standards	 for	 chips	 and	 smart	 payment	 cards)	 for	 safe	 and	 secure	 transactions	 and	 we	 provide	 solutions	 and	 products	 that	 are	
designed	to	ensure	safety	and	security	for	the	global	payments	ecosystem.		Our	approach	includes	supporting	small	businesses	by	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					11

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

sharing	best	practices	and	providing	access	to	free	utilities	and	services,	benefiting	both	them	and	the	entire	payments	ecosystem.		
We	discuss	specific	cyber	and	intelligence	solutions	that	we	offer	to	our	customers	in	“Our	Value-Added	Services”.	

Our	Franchise.		We	manage	an	ecosystem	of	stakeholders	that	participate	in	our	network	and	payments	platforms.		Our	franchise	
creates	and	sustains	a	comprehensive	series	of	value	exchanges	across	our	ecosystem.		We	ensure	a	balanced	ecosystem	where	all	
participants	benefit	from	the	availability,	innovation,	safety	and	security	of	our	network.		We	achieve	this	through	the	following	key	
activities:	

• Participant	Onboarding.		We	ensure	the	ability	of	new	customers	to	use	our	network	and	define	the	roles	and	responsibilities	for	

their	operations	once	on	the	network

•

Safety	and	Security.		We	establish	the	core	principles,	including	ensuring	consumer	protections	and	integrity,	so	participants	feel	
confident	to	transact	on	the	network	

• Operating	Standards.		We	define	the	operational,	technical	and	financial	policies	to	which	network	participants	are	required	to	

adhere

• Responsible	 Stewardship.	 	 We	 establish	 performance	 standards	 to	 support	 ecosystem	 growth	 and	 optimization	 and	 establish	

proactive	monitoring	to	ensure	participant	performance

•

Issue	Resolution.		We	operate	a	framework	to	enable	the	resolution	of	disputes	between	our	network	participants

Our	Payment	Products	and	Applications	

We	 provide	 a	 wide	 variety	 of	 integrated	 products	 and	 services	 that	
support	 payment	 products	 that	 customers	 can	 offer	 to	 consumers	 and	
merchants.	 	 These	 offerings	 facilitate	 transactions	 across	 our	 multi-rail	
payments	 network	 and	 platforms	 among	 account	 holders,	 merchants,	
financial	institutions,	digital	partners,	businesses,	governments	and	other	
organizations	in	markets	globally.

Consumer	Payment	Products

Consumer	Credit.		We	offer	a	number	of	products	that	enable	issuers	to	
provide	consumers	with	credit,	allowing	them	to	defer	payment.		These	
programs	are	designed	to	meet	the	needs	of	our	customers	around	the	
world	and	address	standard,	premium	and	affluent	consumer	segments.

How	We	Benefit	Consumers

We	enable	our	customers	to	benefit	consumers	by:

• making	electronic	payments	more	convenient,	

secure	and	efficient

• delivering	better,	seamless	consumer	

experiences

• providing	consumers	choice,	empowering	them	
to	make	and	receive	payments	in	the	ways	that	
best	meet	their	daily	needs

• protecting	consumers	and	all	other	participants	

in	a	transaction,	as	well	as	consumer	data

• providing	loyalty	rewards	and	benefits

Consumer	 Debit.	 	 We	 support	 a	 range	 of	 payment	 products	 and	 solutions	 that	 allow	 our	 customers	 to	 provide	 consumers	 with	
convenient	access	to	funds	in	deposit	and	other	accounts.		Our	debit	and	deposit	access	programs	can	be	used	to	make	purchases	
and	 to	 obtain	 cash	 in	 bank	 branches,	 at	 ATMs	 and,	 in	 some	 cases,	 at	 the	 point	 of	 sale.	 	 Our	 branded	 debit	 programs	 consist	 of	
Mastercard	(including	standard,	premium	and	affluent	offerings),	Maestro	(the	only	PIN-based	solution	that	operates	globally)	and	
Cirrus	(our	primary	global	cash	access	solution).

Prepaid.	 	 Prepaid	 accounts	 are	 a	 type	 of	 electronic	 payment	 that	 enables	 consumers	 to	 pay	 in	 advance	 whether	 or	 not	 they	
previously	had	a	bank	account	or	a	credit	history.		These	accounts	can	be	tailored	to	meet	specific	program,	customer	or	consumer	
needs,	such	as	paying	bills,	sending	person-to-person	payments	or	withdrawing	cash	from	an	ATM.		Our	focus	ranges	from	digital	
accounts	(such	as	fintech	and	gig	economy	platforms)	to	business	programs	such	as	employee	payroll,	health	savings	accounts	and	
solutions	 for	 small	 business	 owners.	 	 Our	 prepaid	 programs	 also	 offer	 opportunities	 in	 the	 private	 and	 public	 sectors	 to	 drive	
financial	inclusion	of	previously	unbanked	individuals	through	social	security	payments,	unemployment	benefits	and	salary	cards.

12					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
New	Payment	Flows

We	 offer	 platforms	 that	 apply	 our	 multi-rail	 payment	 capabilities	 to	 capture	 new	
payment	flows,	enabling	us	to	serve	the	needs	of	a	significant	addressable	market.	

Key	2022	Developments

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Disbursements	 and	 Remittances.	 	 We	 offer	 applications	 that	 enable	 consumers,	
businesses,	 governments	 and	 merchants	 to	 send	 and	 receive	 money	 domestically	
and	across	borders	with	greater	speed	and	ease.			

•

In	2022,	our	Disbursements	and	
Remittances	capabilities	achieved	a	
payout	reach	of	nearly	10	billion	
endpoints	globally	across	multiple	
channels.	

• Using	 Mastercard	 Send™,	 we	 partner	 with	 digital	 messaging	 and	 payment	
platforms	 to	 enable	 consumers	 in	 approximately	 50	 markets	 to	 send	 money	
directly	within	applications	to	other	consumers	in	more	than	100	markets.		We	
partner	with	central	banks,	fintechs	and	financial	institutions	to	help	governments	and	nonprofits	more	efficiently	enable,	as	
applicable,	distribution	of	social	and	economic	assistance	and	business-to-consumer	(“B2C”)	disbursements	across	more	than	
40	use	cases	(such	as	wallet	funding,	cash	payouts,	gig	worker	payouts	and	insurance	claims).

• Mastercard	Cross-Border	Services	enables	a	wide	range	of	payment	flows	and	use	cases	to	customers	(including	trade	payments,	
remittances	 and	 disbursements).	 	 These	 flows	 are	 enabled	 via	 a	 distribution	 network	 with	 a	 single	 point	 of	 access	 that	 allows	
financial	institutions,	fintechs	and	digital	partners	to	send	and	receive	money	globally	through	multiple	channels,	including	bank	
accounts,	mobile	wallets,	cards	and	cash	payouts	with	payout	reach	in	more	than	140	receive	markets.

Commercial	Point	of	Sale.		We	offer	commercial	credit,	debit	and	prepaid	payment	products	and	solutions	that	meet	the	payment	
needs	of	large	corporations,	midsize	companies,	small	businesses	and	government	entities.		Our	solutions	streamline	procurement	
and	payment	processes,	manage	information	and	expenses	(such	as	travel	and	entertainment)	and	reduce	administrative	costs.		Our	
point	of	sale	offerings	include:	

•

Small	business	cards	(credit,	debit	and	prepaid)	tailored	to	small	and	medium	businesses.

• Commercial	travel	and	entertainment,	procurement	and	fleet	cards,	consisting	mostly	of	credit	cards	and	associated	platforms	
for	 corporations	 to	 manage	 travel	 and	 expense,	 procurement	 and	 fleet	 expenses.	 	 Our	 Mastercard	 Smart	 Data™	 platform	
provides	expense	management	and	reporting	capabilities.

B2B	Accounts	Payable.		We	offer	solutions	that	enable	businesses	or	governments	to	make	payments	to	businesses	with	whom	they	
have	a	trusted	relationship	for	goods	and	services.		Our	solutions	include	Virtual	Card	Number	(VCN),	which	is	generated	dynamically	
off	 a	 physical	 card	 and	 leverages	 the	 credit	 limit	 of	 the	 funding	 account	 and	 may	 include	 the	 use	 of	 Mastercard	 InControl™,	 our	
virtual	card	platform	that	allows	buyers	to	pay	suppliers	using	a	one-time	use	card	number	that	can	be	set	with	transaction	level	
controls,	providing	unmatched	configurability	and	flexibility.

Additionally,	 we	 offer	 a	 platform	 to	 optimize	 supplier	 payment	 enablement	 campaigns	 for	 financial	 institutions,	 as	 well	 as	 our	
treasury	 intelligence	 platform	 that	 provides	 corporations	 with	 recommendations	 to	 improve	 working	 capital	 performance	 and	
accelerate	spend	on	cards.

Consumer	Bill	Payments.		We	offer	bill	pay	solutions	to	enable	consumers	and	small	businesses	to	pay	their	billers	in	a	seamless	and	
secure	 way.	 	 Our	 bill	 pay	 solutions	 include	 the	 enablement	 of	 enhanced	 biller	 setup	 and	 expanded	 bill	 presentment	 that	 make	 it	
easier	for	consumers	and	small	businesses	to	present,	view,	manage	and	pay	their	bills	through	their	online	or	mobile	banking	apps.		
These	 solutions	 facilitate	 payment	 choice	 using	 multiple	 payment	 rails	 (including	 real-time	 account-based	 payments)	 and	 deliver	
immediate	payment	confirmation,	providing	an	experience	that	benefits	consumers,	financial	institutions	and	billers.		

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					13

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Payments	Innovation

Our	innovation	capabilities	and	 our	technology	provide	resiliency,	 scalability	
and	 flexibility	 in	 how	 we	 serve	 customers	 and	 in	 turn	 help	 them	 benefit	
consumers.	 	 They	 enable	 broader	 reach	 to	 scale	 digital	 payment	 services	
across	 multiple	 channels,	
	 Our	 technology	
standards,	services	and	governance	model	help	us	to	serve	as	the	connection	
that	 allows	 financial	 institutions,	 fintechs	 and	 technology	 companies	 to	
interoperate	and	enable	consumers,	businesses,	governments	and	merchants	
to	engage	through	digital	channels.		

including	 mobile	 devices.	

• During	2022,	we	entered	into	pilot	programs	
for	our	previously	announced	Mastercard	
Installments,	an	open	loop	solution	to	
deliver	buy-now-pay-later	installments	
capabilities	at	scale.		The	solution	connects	
lenders	with	merchants	across	our	
acceptance	network	to	provide	buy-now-
pay-later	options	for	consumers.	

Key	2022	Developments

• Delivering	better	digital	experiences	everywhere.		We	are	using	our	technologies	and	security	protocols	to	develop	solutions	to	
make	digital	shopping	and	selling	experiences,	such	as	on	smartphones	and	other	connected	devices,	simpler,	faster	and	safer	for	
both	consumers	and	merchants.		We	also	offer	products	that	make	it	easier	for	merchants	to	accept	payments	and	expand	their	
customer	base.

◦

◦

◦

Our	contactless	payment	solutions	help	deliver	a	simple	and	intuitive	way	to	pay,	as	well	as	health	and	safety	benefits	when	
consumers	are	looking	for	low-touch	options

Our	Mastercard	Digital	First™	program	enables	customers	to	offer	their	cardholders	a	fully	digital	payment	experience	with	
an	optional	physical	card,	meeting	cardholder	expectations	of	immediacy,	safety	and	convenience	during	card	application,	
authentication	 and	 instant	 card	 access,	 securing	 purchases	 (whether	 contactless,	 in-store,	 in-app	 or	 via	 the	 web)	 and	
managing	alerts,	controls	and	benefits

Our	 Click	 to	 Pay	 checkout	 experience	 is	 designed	 to	 provide	 consumers	 the	 same	 convenience	 and	 security	 in	 a	 digital	
environment	that	they	have	when	paying	in	a	store,	make	it	easier	for	merchants	to	implement	secure	digital	payments	and	
provide	 issuers	 with	 improved	 fraud	 detection	 and	 prevention	 capability.	 	 This	 experience	 is	 based	 on	 the	 EMV	 Secure	
Remote	Commerce	industry	standard	that	enables	a	faster,	more	secure	checkout	experience	across	web	and	mobile	sites,	
mobile	apps	and	connected	devices	

•

Securing	 more	 transactions.	 	 We	 are	 leveraging	 tokenization,	 biometrics	 and	 machine	 learning	 technologies	 in	 our	 push	 to	
secure	every	transaction.		These	efforts	include	driving	EMV-level	security	and	benefits	through	all	our	payment	channels.

• Creating	solutions	to	support	blockchain-based	digital	currencies.		Through	a	principled	approach	(including	applying	prudent	
risk	management	practices	and	maintaining	continuous	monitoring	of	our	partners	that	are	active	in	the	digital	asset	market),	
Mastercard	is	focused	on	supporting	digital	currencies	by:		

◦

Providing	 identity,	 cyber	 and	 consulting	 services	 for	 market	 participants	 (including	 our	 identity	 and	 biometric	 solutions,	
cybersecurity	solutions,	crypto	analytics,	transaction	monitoring	and	anti-money	laundering	detection	capabilities)	as	well	
as	engaging	with	central	banks	as	they	design	and	develop	central	bank	digital	currencies

◦ Helping	 consumers	 safely	 and	 easily	 purchase	 cryptocurrencies	 and	 non-fungible	 tokens	 (“NFTs”)	 as	 well	 as	 enabling	
consumers	to	spend	their	converted	crypto	holdings	on	Mastercard	card	offerings	and	cash	out	their	crypto	wallets	using	
Mastercard	Send

•

•

Simplifying	access	to,	and	integration	of,	our	digital	assets.		Our	Mastercard	Developer	platform	makes	it	easy	for	customers	
and	partners	to	leverage	our	many	digital	assets	and	services.		By	providing	a	single	access	point	with	tools	and	capabilities	to	
find	what	we	believe	are	some	of	the	best-in-class	APIs	across	a	broad	range	of	Mastercard	services,	we	enable	easy	integration	
of	our	services	into	new	and	existing	solutions.

Identifying	and	experimenting	 with	future	technologies,	start-ups	 and	trends.	 	 Through	 Mastercard	 Foundry,	 we	 continue	 to	
provide	customers	and	partners	access	to	thought	leadership,	innovation	methodologies,	new	technologies	and	relevant	early-
stage	fintech	players.

14					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Our	Value-Added	Services

Our	services	encompass	a	wide-ranging	portfolio	of	value-added	and	differentiating	capabilities	that:	

•

instill	trust	in	the	ecosystem	to	allow	parties	to	transact	and	operate	with	confidence

• provide	actionable	insights	to	our	customers	to	assist	in	their	decision	making

•

•

enable	our	customers	to	strengthen	their	engagement	with	their	own	end	users	

enable	connectivity	and	access	for	a	fragmented	and	diverse	set	of	parties

•

•

•

•

Cyber	and	Intelligence	Solutions	

As	 part	 of	 the	 security	 we	 bring	 to	 the	 payments	 ecosystem,	 we	 offer	 integrated	
products	and	services	to	prevent,	detect	and	respond	to	fraud	and	cyber-attacks	and	to	
ensure	 the	 safety	 of	 transactions	 made	 using	 Mastercard	 and	 non-Mastercard	
products.		We	do	this	using	a	multi-layered	safety	and	security	strategy:

•

The	“Prevent”	layer	is	designed	to	protect	against	attacks	on	infrastructure,	devices	
and	 data.	 	 We	 have	 continued	 to	 grow	 global	 usage	 of	 EMV	 chip	 and	 contactless	
security	 technology,	 helping	 to	 reduce	 fraud.	 	 Our	 solutions	 include	 Mastercard	
SafetyNet™,	 which	 protects	 financial	 institutions	 by	 helping	 to	 stop	 real-time	
attacks	 that	 are	 visible	 in	 the	 network,	 but	 not	 easily	 detected	 by	 financial	
institutions.

Key	2022	Developments

In	2022,	we	significantly	extended	
the	reach	of	our	Consumer	Clarity	
services,	enhancing	the	value	of	
payments	by	providing	cardholders	
with	merchant	details	and	digital	
receipts	to	reduce	disputes,	lower	
chargeback	costs	and	improve	the	
consumer	experience.

The	 “Identify”	 layer	 allows	 us	 to	 help	 banks	 and	 merchants	 verify	 the	 authenticity	 of	 consumers	 during	 the	 payment	 process	
using	 various	 biometric	 technologies,	 including	 fingerprint,	 face	 and	 iris	 scanning,	 and	 behavioral	 user	 data	 assessment	
technology	to	verify	online	purchases	on	mobile	devices,	as	well	as	a	card	with	biometric	technology	built	in.	

The	 “Detect”	 layer	 spots	 fraudulent	 behavior	 and	 cyber-attacks	 and	 takes	 action	 to	 stop	 these	 activities	 once	 detected.	 	 Our	
offerings	in	this	space	include	alerts	when	accounts	are	exposed	to	data	breaches	or	security	incidents,	fraud	scoring	technology	
that	scans	billions	of	dollars	of	money	flows	each	day	while	increasing	approvals	and	reducing	false	declines,	and	network-level	
monitoring	on	a	global	scale	to	help	detect	the	occurrence	of	widespread	fraud	attacks	when	the	customer	(or	their	processor)	
may	be	unable	to	detect	or	defend	against	them.

The	“Experience”	layer	improves	the	security	experience	for	our	stakeholders	in	areas	from	the	speed	of	transactions	(enhancing	
approvals	for	online	and	card-on-file	payments)	to	the	ability	to	differentiate	legitimate	consumers	from	fraudulent	ones.		Our	
offerings	in	this	space	include	solutions	for	consumer	alerts	and	controls	and	a	suite	of	digital	token	services.		We	also	offer	an	e-
commerce	 fraud	 and	 dispute	 management	 network	 that	 enables	 merchants	 to	 stop	 delivery	 when	 a	 fraudulent	 or	 disputed	
transaction	is	identified,	and	issuers	to	refund	the	cardholder	to	avoid	the	chargeback	process.			

•

The	 “Network”	 layer	 extends	 the	 services	 we	 provide	 to	 transactions	 in	 the	 payments	 ecosystem	 and	 across	 all	 of	 our	 rails,	
including	decision	intelligence	and	tokenization	capabilities,	to	help	secure	our	customers	and	transactions	on	a	real-time	basis.	

Moreover,	 we	 use	 our	 artificial	 intelligence	 (“AI”)	 and	 data	 analytics,	 along	 with	 our	 cyber	 risk	 assessment	 capabilities,	 to	 help	
financial	institutions,	merchants,	corporations	and	governments	secure	their	digital	assets	across	each	of	these	five	layers.

We	have	also	worked	with	our	customers	to	provide	products	to	consumers	globally	with	increased	confidence	through	the	benefit	
of	“zero	liability”,	where	the	consumer	bears	no	responsibility	for	counterfeit	or	lost	card	losses	in	the	event	of	fraud.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					15

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Data	and	Services	Solutions

	Insights	and	Analytics.		Our	capabilities	incorporate	payments	expertise	
and	 analytical	 and	 executional	 skills	 to	 create	 end-to-end	 solutions	 which	 are	
increasingly	 delivered	 via	 platforms	 embedded	 in	 our	 customers’	 day-to-day	
operations.	 	 We	 offer	 business	 intelligence	 to	 monitor	 key	 performance	 indicators	
(“KPIs”)	 and	 benchmark	 performance	 through	 self-service	 digital	 platforms,	 tools,	
and	 reports	 for	 financial	 institutions,	 merchants	 and	 others.	 	 We	 enable	 clients	 to	
better	understand	consumer	behavior	and	improve	segmentation	and	targeting	by	
using	 our	 anonymized	 and	 aggregated	 data	 assets,	 third-party	 data	 and	 AI	
technologies.	 	 We	 also	 help	 our	 customers	 accurately	 measure	 the	 impact	 of	 their	
decisions	 and	 improve	 them	 by	 leveraging	 data	 analytics	 to	 conduct	 disciplined	
business	experiments	for	in-market	tests	to	drive	more	profitable	decision	making.

•

Key	2022	Developments

In	2022,	we	completed	our	
acquisition	of	Dynamic	Yield™,	which	
uses	enhanced	AI	to	deliver	
customized	product	
recommendations,	offers	and	content	
to	consumers.		When	combined	with	
our	loyalty	and	other	offerings,	this	
platform	provides	the	opportunity	to	
offer	a	unified	consumer	engagement	
and	loyalty	hub	to	our	customers.

	 Consulting	 and	 Innovation.	 	 We	 provide	 advisory	 services	 that	 help	 clients	 make	 better	 decisions	 and	 improve	
performance.	 	 By	 observing	 patterns	 of	 payments	 behavior	 based	 on	 billions	 of	 transactions	 switched	 globally,	 we	 are	 able	 to	
leverage	anonymized	and	aggregated	information	to	provide	advice	based	on	data.		We	also	utilize	our	expertise,	digital	technology,	
innovation	 tools,	 methodologies	 and	 processes	 to	 collaborate	 with,	 and	 increasingly	 drive	 innovation	 at,	 financial	 institutions,	
merchants	 and	 governments.	 	 Through	 our	 global	 innovation	 and	 development	 arm,	 Mastercard	 Foundry,	 we	 offer	 customized	
innovation	programs	and	concept	design.		We	continue	to	innovate	and	expand	our	offerings	to	help	businesses	evolve	and	expand	
their	 growth	 enterprise-wide.	 	 For	 example,	 we	 have	 developed	 consulting	 and	 innovation	 offerings	 dedicated	 to	 open	 banking,	
open	data,	crypto	and	digital	currencies	and	ESG	matters.	

	 Marketing	 Services.	 	 We	 deliver	 marketing	 services,	 digital	 implementation	 and	 program	 management	 with	 performance-
based	 solutions	 at	 every	 stage	 of	 the	 consumer	 lifecycle	 to	 assist	 our	 customers	 in	 implementing	 actions	 based	 on	 insights	 and	
driving	adoption	and	usage.		These	services	include	developing	messaging,	targeting	key	groups,	launching	campaigns	and	training	
staff,	all	of	which	help	our	customers	drive	engagement	and	portfolio	profitability.	

	Issuer	and	Merchant	Loyalty.		We	have	built	a	scalable	rewards	platform	that	enables	issuers	to	provide	consumers	with	
a	 variety	 of	 benefits	 and	 services,	 such	 as	 personalized	 offers	 and	 rewards,	 access	 to	 a	 global	 airline	 lounge	 network,	 concierge	
services,	insurance	services,	emergency	card	replacement,	emergency	cash	advances	and	a	24-hour	account	holder	service	center.		
For	merchants,	we	provide	campaigns	with	targeted	offers	and	rewards,	management	services	for	publishing	offers,	and	accelerated	
points	 programs	 for	 co-brand	 and	 rewards	 program	 members.	 	 We	 also	 provide	 a	 loyalty	 platform	 that	 enables	 stronger	
relationships	with	retailers,	restaurants,	airlines	and	consumer	packaged	goods	companies	by	creating	experiences	that	drive	loyalty	
and	impactful	consumer	engagement.	

	Processing	and	Gateway		

We	extend	our	processing	capabilities	in	the	payments	value	chain	in	various	regions	and	across	the	globe	with	an	expanded	suite	of	
offerings,	including:

•

Issuer	solutions	designed	to	provide	customers	with	a	complete	processing	solution	to	help	them	create	differentiated	products	
and	services	and	allow	quick	deployment	of	payments	portfolios	across	banking	channels

• Payment	gateways	that	offer	a	single	interface	to	provide	e-commerce	merchants	with	the	ability	to	process	secure	online	and	
in-app	 payments	 and	 offer	 value-added	 solutions,	 including	 outsourced	 electronic	 payments,	 fraud	 prevention	 and	 alternative	
payment	options

• Mobile	gateways	that	facilitate	transaction	routing	and	processing	for	mobile-initiated	transactions

16					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Our	New	Network	Capabilities

Open	Banking		

We	 offer	 an	 open	 banking	 platform	 that	 enables	 data	 providers	 and	
third	 parties,	 on	 a	 permissioned	 basis,	 to	 reliably	 access,	 securely	
transmit	 and	 confidently	 manage	 consumer	 data	 to	 improve	 the	
customer	experience.		Our	platform	enables	consumers	to	have	choice	
of	 financial	 services,	 providing	 them	 the	 ability	 to	 access,	 control	 and	
benefit	 from	 the	 use	 of	 their	 data,	 as	 well	 as	 an	 improved	 payment	
experience.		Our	platform	is	also	used	to	serve	the	needs	of	the	lending	
market,	 including	 through	 streamlining	 loan	 application	 processes	 and	
improving	credit	decisioning,	thereby	driving	further	financial	inclusion.		
The	network	connections	that	underpin	this	platform	leverage	our	data	
principles	 (including	 data	 usage	 guardrails,	 consumer	 protection	 and	
consent	management),	as	well	as	API	technology.	

•

•

Key	2022	Developments

In	2022,	we	partnered	with	a	leading	financial	
institution	on	an	ACH	payment	solution	(currently	
in	the	pilot	phase)	that	uses	our	open	banking	
capabilities	to	enable	seamless	and	secure	
consumer	bill	payments.

In	2022,	we	launched	a	suite	of	smart	payment	
decisioning	tools	that	add	value	to	our	enhanced	
ACH	solution,	helping	our	partners	determine	the	
optimal	timing	and	payment	rail	for	a	successful	
payment	transaction.	

Digital	Identity		

We	enable	digital	identity	solutions,	which	provide	seamless	digital	experiences	and	strengthen	and	secure	digital	payments	across	
individuals,	devices	and	accounts.		Our	digital	identity	capabilities	focus	on	the	identity	of	people,	devices	and	transactions.		They	
embody	privacy	by	design	principles	and	are	consent-centric.		Our	solutions	include	device	intelligence	and	behavioral	biometrics	(to	
determine	 whether	 the	 user	 is	 genuine	 or	 a	 fraudulent	 device),	 document	 proofing,	 IP	 intelligence,	 biometrics,	 transaction	 fraud	
data	 (from	 which	 we	 derive	 insights	 that	 can	 be	 used	 to	 significantly	 improve	 the	 global	 approval	 rate	 of	 transactions),	 location,	
identity	attributes	and	payment	authorization.

Our	People

As	of	December	31,	2022,	we	employed	approximately	29,900	persons	globally.		Our	employee	base	is	predominantly	full-time	and	
approximately	 66%	 were	 employed	 outside	 of	 the	 United	 States	 in	 more	 than	 80	 countries	 around	 the	 world.	 	 We	 also	 had	
approximately	4,900	contractors	which	we	used	to	supplement	our	employee	base	in	order	to	meet	specific	needs.		Our	voluntary	
workforce	turnover	(rolling	12-month	attrition)	was	approximately	11%	as	of	December	31,	2022.		The	total	cost	of	our	workforce	for	
the	year	ended	December	31,	2022	was	$5.3	billion,	which	primarily	consists	of	compensation,	benefits	and	other	personnel-	and	
contractor-related	costs.	

Management	 reviews	 our	 people	 strategy	 and	 culture,	 as	 well	 as	 related	 risks,	 with	 our	 Human	 Resources	 and	 Compensation	
Committee	on	a	quarterly	basis,	and	annually	with	our	Board	of	Directors.		Additionally,	our	Board	and	Board	committees	are	tasked	
with	 overseeing	 other	 human	 capital	 management	 matters	 on	 a	 regular	 basis,	 such	 as	 ensuring	 processes	 are	 in	 place	 for	
maintaining	 an	 ethical	 corporate	 culture,	 overseeing	 key	 diversity	 initiatives,	 policies	 and	 practices,	 and	 monitoring	 governance	
trends	 in	 areas	 such	 as	 human	 rights.	 	 Our	 ability	 to	 attract,	 retain	 and	 engage	 top	 talent	 and	 build	 a	 culture	 centered	 around	
decency,	with	an	overall	focus	on	diversity,	equity	and	inclusion	(“DEI”),	is	critical	to	our	business	strategy.	

Specifically,	to	enable	our	business	strategy	effectively,	our	aim	is	to:		

•

attract	talent	with	the	key	skills	needed	

• develop	and	retain	an	agile	workforce	that	can	compete	in	a	fast-paced,	digitally	native	and	innovative	environment

• build	on	our	DEI	efforts	to	support	our	employees’	growth

Attract	talent.		

• We	continuously	recruit	talent	by	leveraging	the	strength	of	our	brand	and	utilizing	a	variety	of	sources,	channels,	and	initiatives	

in	order	to	support	our	growth	across	sectors,	markets	and	emerging	industries

• Our	acquisition	activity	has	also	provided	a	strong	source	of	talent	with	differentiated	skills

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					17

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Develop	and	retain	talent.		We	develop	and	retain	our	employees,	ensuring	we	
stay	 competitive	 and	 respond	 to	 both	 changing	 market	 dynamics	 and	 our	
employees’	needs	while	supporting	a	culture	of	innovation	grounded	in	decency.		
Our	efforts	include:	

• An	 annual	 cycle	 that	 aligns	 with	 our	 “Mastercard	 Way”	 and	 focuses	 on	
skill	

talent	 evaluation,	

objective	
development,	opportunities	and	career	progression

setting,	 performance	 assessment,	

The	Mastercard	Way

The	Mastercard	Way	is	the	statement	of	our	
culture:	how	we	work	and	why	we	work	that	
way.		It	consists	of	three	principles	that	
address	where	we	are	going	as	an	
organization,	how	we	work	together	and	how	
we	deliver	for	our	customers	and	each	other.	

•

Succession	 planning	 for	 key	 roles,	 including	 talent	 and	 leadership	 programs	
across	various	levels.		These	programs	embed	our	culture	principles,	include	
diverse	 populations,	 aim	 to	 develop	 talent	 and	 managerial	 skills	 through	
personalized	 coaching	 and	 group	 executive	 development	 and	 leverage	
mentorship	programs	and	other	learning	opportunities

•

•

Create	value

Grow	together

• Move	fast

• A	 competitive	 compensation	 approach	 (subject	 to	 periodic	 reviews)	 under	 which	 eligible	 employees	 across	 multiple	 job	 levels	

can	receive	long-term	incentive	equity	awards

• Contributions	 to	 employees’	 financial	 well-being	 as	 they	 plan	 for	 retirement.	 	 All	 employees	 globally	 are	 entitled	 to	 receive	 a	
matching	Mastercard	contribution	of	$1.67	for	every	$1	contributed	to	a	401(k)	or	other	retirement	plan	on	the	first	6%	of	base	
pay

• Continued	expansion	and	prioritization	of	well-being	offerings	for	employees,	including	access	to	mental,	physical	and	financial	
health	 resources,	 additional	 paid	 time	 off	 due	 to	 COVID-related	 illness	 and	 dependent	 care,	 and	 expanded	 benefits	 for	 family	
planning	

• An	evolved	approach	to	flexible	working,	including	the	launch	of	a	four-week	”work	from	anywhere”	policy,	meeting-free	days	

and	team-based	decision-making	for	how	and	where	our	employees	work

•

•

Support	of	employee	charitable	donations	with	matching	Mastercard	gifts	of	up	to	$15,000	per	employee	annually,	as	well	as	
providing	full-time	employees	five	paid	days	per	year	for	eligible	volunteer	work

Experience	surveys	that	we	periodically	run	to	assess	our	overall	employee	engagement	areas	(with	occasional	focus	on	more	
targeted	topics)	and	prioritize	how	we	address	emerging	opportunity	areas

• A	 culture	 of	 high	 ethical	 business	 practices	 and	 compliance	 standards,	 grounded	 in	 honesty,	 decency,	 trust	 and	 personal	
accountability.	 	 It	 is	 driven	 by	 “tone	 at	 the	 top,”	 reinforced	 with	 regular	 training,	 fostered	 in	 a	 speak-up	 environment,	 and	
measured	by	our	periodic	employee	surveys	and	other	metrics	that	enable	our	Board	to	maintain	a	pulse	on	areas	of	strength	
and	opportunities	for	improvement

Diversity,	equity	and	inclusion	underpin	everything	we	do:	

• We	monitor	our	recruitment,	development,	succession	and	
retention	 practices	 with	 a	 focus	 on	 gender,	 race	 (in	 the	
U.S.)	and	generational	mix	of	our	employee	population

• We	have	developed	regional	and	functional	action	plans	to	
identify	priorities	and	actions	that	will	help	us	make	more	
progress	 for	 DEI,	
including	 appropriate	 balance	 and	
inclusion	in	gender	and	racial	representation	

•

•

•

•

•

Workforce	Demographics

39%	of	our	global	workforce	are	women

42%	of	our	U.S.	workforce	are	people	of	color	1

Female	employees	earned	$1.00	for	every	$1.00	men	
earned	during	2022

In	the	U.S.,	employees	of	color	earned	$1.00	for	every	$1.00	
white	employees	earned	during	2022	1

The	median	pay	for	female	employees	is	94.0%	compared	
to	male	employees	2

• We	 remain	 committed	 to	 our	 “In	 Solidarity”	 initiative	 through	 alignment	 of	 our	 DEI	 plans	 globally	 to	 address	 local	 needs	 and	
opportunities,	 for	 example	 through	 the	 introduction	 of	 new	 training	 programs	 such	 as	 our	 neurodiversity	 hiring	 initiative	 and	
new	partnerships	with	historically	Black	colleges	and	universities	(HBCUs)	in	the	U.S.

• We	remain	dedicated	to	practices	designed	to	ensure	there	is	equal	pay	for	equal	work.		We	have	established	a	framework	for	
examining	 pay	 practices	 annually,	 supported	 by	 third-party	 analysis	 and	 benchmarked	 to	 the	 external	 market.	 	 We	 assess	
compensation	decisions	for	potential	pay	disparities	by	gender	(including	base,	bonus	and	long-term	incentives),	among	other	
categories,	and	appropriately	respond	to	any	disparities	that	are	found

18					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

• Our	employee	incentive	compensation	plan	features	an	ESG	modifier	that	includes	quantitative	goals	for	a	number	of	ESG	items,	

including	gender	pay	parity.		In	2022,	we	expanded	this	modifier	to	all	employees,	underscoring	our	commitment	to	ESG	

We	expect	to	provide	more	detailed	information	in	2023	regarding	our	employees,	including	additional	workforce	demographics,	in	
our	annual	Corporate	Sustainability	Report	and	Proxy	Statement,	both	of	which	will	be	located	on	our	website.

1

2

People	of	Color	are	defined	as	Black	or	African	American,	Hispanic,	Asian,	American	Indian,	Alaska	Native,	Native	Hawaiian/other	Pacific	Islander	
and	two	or	more	races.		Ethnicity	data	does	not	include	undeclared.	
Data	as	of	September	30,	2022.		The	gender	pay	gap	is	predominantly	due	to	the	fact	that	we	have	more	men	in	senior	roles,	not	because	men	
are	paid	more.	

Brand

Our	 family	 of	 well-known	 brands	 includes	 Mastercard,	 Maestro	 and	 Cirrus.	 	 We	 manage	 and	 promote	 our	 brands	 and	 brand	
identities	 through	 advertising,	 promotions	 and	 sponsorships,	 as	 well	 as	 digital,	 mobile	 and	 social	 media	 initiatives,	 in	 order	 to	
increase	people’s	preference	for	our	brands	and	usage	of	our	products.		We	sponsor	a	variety	of	sporting,	entertainment	and	charity-
related	 marketing	 properties	 to	 align	 with	 consumer	 segments	 important	 to	 us	 and	 our	 customers.	 	 Our	 advertising	 plays	 an	
important	role	in	building	brand	visibility,	preference	and	overall	usage	among	account	holders	globally.		Our	“Priceless®”	advertising	
campaign,	 which	 celebrated	 its	 25th	 anniversary	 in	 2022	 and	 has	 run	 in	 more	 than	 50	 languages	 and	 in	 more	 than	 120	 countries	
worldwide,	promotes	Mastercard	usage	benefits	and	acceptance,	markets	Mastercard	payment	products	and	solutions	and	provides	
Mastercard	with	a	consistent,	recognizable	message	that	supports	our	brand	around	the	globe.		

Data

We	 use	 our	 data	 assets,	 infrastructure	 and	 platforms	 to	 create	 a	 range	 of	 products	 and	 services	 for	 our	 customers,	 including	 the	
majority	 of	 our	 value-added	 services,	 which	 help	 reduce	 fraud,	 increase	 security,	 provide	 actionable	 insights	 to	 our	 customers	 to	
assist	 in	 their	 decision	 making	 and	 enable	 our	 customers	 to	 increase	 their	 engagement	 with	 consumers.	 	 We	 do	 all	 this	 while	
incorporating	 our	 data	 principles	 in	 how	 we	 design,	 implement	 and	 deliver	 those	 solutions.	 	 Our	 Privacy	 by	 Design	 and	 Data	 by	
Design	processes	have	been	developed	to	ensure	we	embed	privacy,	security	and	data	controls	in	all	of	our	products	and	services,	
keeping	a	clear	focus	on	protecting	customers’	and	individuals’	data.		We	do	this	in	a	number	of	ways:	

• Practicing	data	minimization.		We	collect	and	retain	only	the	data	that	is	needed	for	a	given	product	or	service,	and	limit	the	

amount	and	type	of	personal	information	shared	with	third	parties

• Being	transparent	and	providing	control.		We	explain	how	we	use	personal	information	and	give	individuals’	access	and	control	

over	how	their	data	is	used	and	shared

• Working	with	trusted	partners.		We	select	partners	and	service	providers	who	share	our	principled-approach	to	protecting	data

• Addressing	data	bias.		We	ensure	our	use	of	advanced	analytics,	including	AI	and	Machine	Learning,	utilizes	diverse	data	sets	to	

create	fair	and	inclusive	solutions	that	reflect	individual,	group	and	societal	interests

• Advancing	 positive	 social	 impact.	 	 We	 utilize	 our	 data	 sets	 to	 create	 innovative	 solutions	 to	 societal	 challenges,	 promoting	

inclusive	financial,	social,	climate,	health	and	education	growth

Technology

We	leverage	our	technology	to	help	enable	payments,	services	and	new	networks,	enhance	our	operational	strength	and	enable	our	
employees	to	deliver	effectively	for	our	customers.		Our	strategy	to	“lead	through	technology”	includes	the	following	key	areas:		

Offering	our	products	to	customers	around	the	world:

•

Standardizing	 and	 simplifying	 how	 we	 connect	 with	 customers	 to	 provide	 them	 with	 the	 tools	 to	 manage	 and	 expand	 their	
Mastercard	relationship

• Deploying	 our	 cloud-native	 technology	 infrastructure	 to	 adapt	 to	 evolving	 market	 conditions	 and	 further	 enhance	 speed,	

resiliency	and	scalability

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					19

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Enabling	our	full	range	of	products	and	services:

•

•

Enhancing	 payment	 rails	 and	 expanding	 them	 across	 payments	 and	 services,	 including	 providing	 seamless	 customer	 adoption	
across	new	services	and	enhancing	connectivity	to	new	networks

Further	 evolving	 our	 data	 infrastructure	 to	 unlock	 incremental	 value	 and	 ensure	 ongoing	 compliance	 with	 evolving	 data	
regulations

Empowering	our	employees:	

•

Improving	the	speed	in	which	we	deliver	for	our	customers	through	a	combination	of	tools	and	customer-centric	practices	

• Attracting,	developing	and	retaining	top	technology	talent,	as	well	as	strengthening	our	employees’	technology	acumen	

Revenue	Sources	

Mastercard	is	a	payments	network	service	provider	that	generates	revenue	from	a	wide	range	of	payment	solutions	we	provide	to	
our	customers.		We	classify	our	net	revenues,	which	includes	the	impact	of	rebates	and	incentives,	from	contracts	with	customers	
into	two	categories:	(i)	payment	network	and	(ii)	value-added	services	and	solutions.	

Within	our	payment	network,	revenue	is	primarily	generated	 from	charging	fees	to	our	customers	based	on	GDV	(which	includes	
both	domestic	and	cross-border	volume)	on	the	cards	that	carry	our	brands	and	for	providing	switching	and	other	network-related	
services.		

Within	our	value-added	services	and	solutions,	we	generate	revenue	primarily	related	to	the	following:	

• Cyber	and	intelligence	solutions

• Data	and	services	solutions

• Processing	and	gateway

• Open	banking	solutions

• ACH	batch	and	real-time	account-based	domestic	and	cross-

• Digital	identity	solutions

border	payments	and	solutions

See	“Management’s	Discussion	and	Analysis	of	Financial	Condition	and	Results	of	Operations	-	Revenue”	in	Part	II,	Item	7	and	Note	3,	
Revenue	for	more	detail	about	our	revenue.

Intellectual	Property

We	own	a	number	of	valuable	trademarks	that	are	essential	to	our	business,	including	Mastercard,	Maestro	and	Cirrus,	through	one	
or	 more	 affiliates.	 	 We	 also	 own	 numerous	 other	 trademarks	 covering	 various	 brands,	 programs	 and	 services	 offered	 by	 us	 to	
support	our	payment	programs.		Trademark	and	service	mark	registrations	are	generally	valid	indefinitely	as	long	as	they	are	used	
and/or	properly	maintained.		Through	license	agreements	with	our	customers,	we	authorize	the	use	of	our	trademarks	on	a	royalty-
free	basis	in	connection	with	our	customers’	issuing	and	merchant	acquiring	businesses.		In	addition,	we	own	a	number	of	patents	
and	 patent	 applications	 relating	 to	 payment	 solutions,	 transaction	 processing,	 smart	 cards,	 contactless,	 mobile,	 biometrics,	 AI,	
security	 systems,	 blockchain	 and	 other	 technologies,	 which	 are	 important	 to	 our	 business	 operations.	 	 These	 patents	 expire	 at	
varying	times	depending	on	the	jurisdiction	and	filing	date.

Competition

We	 face	 a	 number	 of	 competitors	 both	 within	 and	 outside	 of	 the	 global	 payments	 industry.	 	 We	 compete	 in	 all	 categories	 of	
payment	 (including	 paper-based	 payments	 and	 all	 forms	 of	 electronic	 payments)	 as	 well	 as	 in	 all	 categories	 in	 which	 we	 provide	
value-added	services	and	solutions:

• General	Purpose	Payments	Networks.		We	compete	worldwide	with	payments	networks	such	as	Visa,	American	Express,	JCB,	
China	UnionPay	and	Discover,	among	others.		These	competitors	tend	to	offer	a	range	of	card-based	payment	products.		Some	
competitors	have	more	market	share	than	we	do	in	certain	jurisdictions.		Some	also	have	different	business	models	that	may	
provide	 an	 advantage	 in	 pricing,	 regulatory	 compliance	 burdens	 or	 otherwise.	 	 Globally,	 financial	 institutions	 may	 issue	 both	
Mastercard	and	Visa-branded	payment	products,	and	we	compete	with	Visa	for	business	on	the	basis	of	individual	portfolios	or	
programs.		In	addition,	a	number	of	our	customers	issue	American	Express,	China	UnionPay	and/or	Discover-branded	payment	
cards	 in	 a	 manner	 consistent	 with	 a	 four-party	 system.	 	 We	 continue	 to	 face	 intense	 competitive	 pressure	 on	 the	 prices	 we	
charge	our	issuers	and	acquirers,	and	we	seek	to	enter	into	business	agreements	with	them	through	which	we	offer	incentives	
and	other	support	to	issue	and	promote	our	payment	products.	

20					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

• Debit	and	Local	Networks.		We	compete	with	ATM	and	point	of	sale	debit	networks	in	various	countries.		In	addition,	in	many	
countries	outside	of	the	United	States,	local	debit	brands	serve	as	the	main	domestic	brands,	while	our	brands	are	used	mostly	to	
enable	cross-border	transactions	(typically	representing	a	small	portion	of	overall	transaction	volume).		Certain	jurisdictions	have	
also	created	domestic	card	schemes	focused	mostly	on	debit.		In	addition,	several	governments	are	promoting,	or	considering	
promoting,	local	networks	for	domestic	switching.		See	“Risk	Factors”	in	Part	I,	Item	1A	for	a	more	detailed	discussion	of	the	risks	
related	to	payments	system	regulation	and	government	actions	that	may	prevent	us	from	competing	effectively.

• Real-time	 Account-based	 Payments	 Systems.	 	 We	 face	 competition	 in	 the	 ACH	 and	 real-time	 account-based	 payments	 space	
from	 other	 companies	 (such	 as	 ACI	 Worldwide,	 FIS	 and	 Volante	 Technologies)	 that	 provide	 infrastructure,	 applications	 and	
services	to	support	these	payment	solutions.		As	these	real-time	account-based	propositions	mature,	we	face	a	possible	increase	
in	 competition	 for	 our	 existing	 domestic	 person-to-merchant	 (“P2M”)	 and	 person-to-person	 (“P2P”)	 transaction	 market	 share.		
Similarly,	as	interlinking	of	these	infrastructures	is	further	explored,	they	could	disrupt	our	existing	cross-border	P2M	and	P2P	
market	 share.	 	 Also,	 several	 industry	 initiatives	 are	 experimenting	 with	 the	 concept	 of	 account-based	 global	 schemes,	 which	
could	lead	to	a	disruption	of	the	clearing	and	settlement	options	utilized	in	various	currencies.

• Alternative	Payments	Systems	and	New	Entrants.		As	the	global	payments	industry	becomes	more	complex,	we	face	increasing	
competition	from	alternative	payments	systems	and	emerging	payments	providers,	both	for	customers	and	data.		Many	of	these	
providers,	 who	 in	 many	 circumstances	 can	 also	 be	 our	 partners	 or	 customers,	 have	 developed	 payments	 systems	 focused	 on	
online	 activity	 in	 e-commerce	 and	 mobile	 channels	 (in	 some	 cases,	 expanding	 to	 other	 channels),	 and	 may	 process	 payments	
using	 in-house	 account	 transfers,	 real-time	 account-based	 payments	 networks	 or	 global	 or	 local	 networks.	 	 Examples	 include	
digital	wallet	providers	(such	as	Paytm,	PayPal,	Alipay	and	Amazon),	point	of	sale	financing/buy-now-pay-later	providers	(such	as	
Klarna,	Affirm	and	Afterpay),	mobile	operator	services,	mobile	phone-based	money	transfer	and	microfinancing	services	(such	as	
M-PESA)	and	handset	manufacturers.		

• Government-Backed	Networks.		Governments	have	been	increasingly	creating	local	payments	structures	(such	as	the	Brazilian	
Instant	Payment	System-PIX,	FedNow	in	the	U.S.,	the	European	Payments	Initiative,	Nigerian	NIBSS	Card	and	the	South	African	
Instant	 Payment	 System-Payshap),	 which	 are	 increasingly	 being	 considered	 as	 alternatives	 to	 traditional	 domestic	 payment	
solutions	 and	 schemes	 such	 as	 ours.	 	 In	 addition	 to	 local	 and	 regional	 networks,	 more	 than	 80	 national	 governments	 are	
exploring	the	use	of	central	bank	digital	currencies	(“CBDCs”).

• Digital	 Currencies.	 	 Stablecoins	 and	 floating	 cryptocurrencies	 may	 become	 more	 popular	 as	 they	 become	 more	 regulated	 and	
increasingly	viewed	as	providing	immediacy,	24/7	accessibility,	immutability	and	efficiency.		Such	currencies	have	started	to	be	
accepted	by	P2M	players	(such	as	Square),	while	some	banks	have	started	experimenting	with	blockchain	B2B	payments	(such	as	
J.P.	Morgan).		These	currencies	have	also	introduced	into	the	payments	ecosystem	an	emerging	set	of	providers	referred	to	as	
crypto	 natives,	 who	 have	 the	 ability	 to	 disrupt	 traditional	 financial	 markets.	 	 The	 increased	 prominence	 of	 digital	 currencies	
creates	an	opportunity	for	us	but	could	equally	compete	with	our	products	and	services.	

• Value-Added	 Service	 Providers	 and	 New	 Network	 Capabilities	 Players.	 	 We	 face	 competition	 from	 companies	 that	 provide	
alternatives	to	our	value-added	services	and	solutions.		These	companies	include	information	services	and	consulting	firms	that	
provide	 consulting	 services	 and	 insights	 to	 financial	 institutions,	 merchants	 and	 governments,	 technology	 companies	 that	
provide	 cyber	 and	 fraud	 solutions,	 and	 companies	 that	 compete	 against	 us	 as	 providers	 of	 loyalty	 and	 program	 management	
solutions.		We	also	face	competition	from	companies	that	provide	alternatives	to	our	open	banking	and	digital	identity	solutions.		
Regulatory	initiatives	could	also	lead	to	increased	competition	in	this	space.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					21

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

We	play	a	valuable	role	as	a	trusted	intermediary	in	a	complex	system,	creating	value	for	individual	stakeholders	and	the	payments	
ecosystem	overall.		Our	competitive	advantages	include:

Global	network

Highly	 adaptable	 and	 world	 class	 global	 payments	 network	 built	 over	 more	 than	 50	 years	
that	can	reach	a	variety	of	parties	to	enable	payments	anywhere

Franchise	model

Establishing	 rules,	 standards	 and	 bearing	 of	 financial	 risk	 (including	 our	 settlement	
guarantee	backed	by	our	strong	credit	standing)

Multi-rail

Multiple	 payment	 and	 new	 network	 capabilities	 based	 on	 our	 innovation	 and	 technology	
that	enable	choice

Brand

Globally	recognized	and	trusted	brands

Security

Services

Enable	 all	 parties	 in	 the	 payments	 ecosystem	 to	 transact	 securely	 and	 with	 confidence	
through	 safety	 and	 security	 solutions	 offered	 on	 our	 network	 (including	 fraud	 prevention	
and	authentication)

Value-added	 services	 for	 all	 parties	 including	 analytics	 insights,	 consulting	 and	 marketing	
services	and	loyalty	solutions

Talent	and	culture

World	 class	 talent	 and	 culture,	 with	 a	 focus	 on	 diversity,	 equity	 and	 inclusion	 and	 “doing	
well	by	doing	good”

Data

Products	 and	 services	 leveraging	 our	 data	 assets,	 infrastructure	 and	 platforms	 that	
incorporate	 our	 data	 principles	 and	 reflect	 our	 Privacy	 by	 Design	 and	 Data	 by	 Design	
processes

Technology

Leading-edge	technology	that	advances	the	quality,	speed	and	diversity	of	our	offerings	and	
solutions

Government	
engagement

Ability	to	serve	a	broad	array	of	participants	in	global	payments	due	to	our	expanded	on-soil	
presence	in	individual	markets	and	a	heightened	focus	on	working	with	governments

Collectively,	the	capabilities	that	we	have	created	organically,	and	those	that	we	have	obtained	through	acquisitions,	support	and	
build	upon	each	other		to	enhance	the	total	proposition	we	offer	our	customers.		They	enable	us	to	partner	with	many	participants	in	
the	broader	payments	ecosystem	and	provide	choice,	security	and	services	to	improve	the	value	we	provide	to	our	customers.		

22					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

Government	Regulation

As	 a	 technology	 company	 operating	 in	 the	 global	 payments	 industry,	 we	 are	 subject	 to	 government	 regulation	 that	 impacts	 key	
aspects	of	our	business.		In	particular,	we	are	subject	to	regulations	that	affect	the	payments	industry	in	the	many	countries	in	which	
our	 integrated	 products	 and	 services	 are	 used.	 	 We	 are	 committed	 to	 complying	 with	 all	 applicable	 laws	 and	 regulations	 and	
implementing	policies,	procedures	and	programs	designed	to	promote	compliance.		We	monitor	and	coordinate	globally	while	acting	
locally	and	establish	relationships	to	assess	and	manage	the	effects	of	regulation	on	us.		See	“Risk	Factors”	in	Part	I,	Item	1A	for	more	
detail	and	examples	of	the	regulation	to	which	we	are	subject.	

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Payments	 Oversight	 and	 Regulation.	 	 Central	 banks	 and	 other	
regulators	 in	 several	 jurisdictions	 around	 the	 world	 either	 have,	 or	
are	 seeking	 to	 establish,	 formal	 oversight	 over	 the	 payments	
industry,	 as	 well	 as	 authority	 to	 regulate	 certain	 aspects	 of	 the	
payments	systems	in	their	countries.		Such	authority	has	resulted	in	
regulation	 of	 various	 aspects	 of	 our	 business.	 	 In	 the	 European	
Union,	 Mastercard	 is	 subject	 to	 systemic	 importance	 regulation,	
which	 includes	 various	 requirements	 we	 must	 meet,	 including	
obligations	 related	 to	 governance	 and	 risk	 management.	 	 In	 the	
U.K.,	 the	 Bank	 of	 England	 designated	 Vocalink™,	 our	 real-time	
account-based	 payments	 network	 platform,	 as	 a	 “specified	 service	
provider”,	 and	 Mastercard	 Europe	 as	 a	 “recognized	 payment	
system”,	 which	
examination	
requirements.		In	addition,	European	Union	legislation	requires	us	to	
separate	 our	 scheme	 activities	 (brand,	 products,	 franchise	 and	
licensing)	 from	 our	 switching	 activities	 and	 other	 processing	 in	
terms	 of	 how	 we	 go	 to	 market,	 make	 decisions	 and	 organize	 our	
structure.		Examples	of	other	markets	where	Mastercard	is	formally	
overseen	 include	 Australia,	 Brazil,	 India,	 Mexico	 and	 South	 Africa.		
Additionally,	 certain	 of	 our	 subsidiaries	 are	 also	 regulated	 as	
payments	 institutions,	 including	 as	 money	 transmitters.	
	 This	
regulation	 subjects	 us	 to	
licensing	 obligations	 and	 regulatory	
supervision,	 as	 well	 as	 various	 business	 conduct	 and	 risk	
management	requirements.

supervisions	

includes	

and	

in	 various	

interchange	

to	 regulate	

Interchange	 Fees.	 	 Interchange	 fees	 that	 support	 the	 function	 and	
value	of	four-party	payments	systems	like	ours	are	being	reviewed	
jurisdictions	 around	 the	 world	 via	
or	 challenged	
legislation	
fees,	 competition-related	
regulatory	 proceedings,	 central	 bank	 regulation	 and	 litigation.		
Examples	 include	 statutes	 in	 the	 United	 States	 that	 cap	 debit	
interchange	 for	 certain	 regulated	 activities,	 proposed	 legislation	 in	
the	 United	 States	 to	 extend	 routing	 mandates	 to	 credit,	 our	
settlement	 with	
its	
investigation	
interchange	 fees	 and	 the	
European	 Union	 legislation	 capping	 consumer	 credit	 and	 debit	
interchange	 fees	 on	 payments	 issued	 and	 acquired	 within	 the	
European	 Economic	 Area	 	 (the	 “EEA”).	 	 For	 more	 detail,	 see	 “Risk	
Factors	-	Other	Regulation”	in	Part	I,	Item	1A	and	Note	21	(Legal	and	
Regulatory	 Proceedings)	 to	 the	 consolidated	 financial	 statements	
included	in	Part	II,	Item	8.

the	 European	 Commission	

interregional	

into	 our	

resolving	

•

•

•

•

Key	2022	Developments

In	2022,	the	U.K.	Payment	Systems	Regulator	(“PSR”)	
opened	a	market	review	of	network	constraints	in	
setting	network	fees	and	European	Union/U.K.	cross-
border	interchange	to	determine	whether	the	market	
is	functioning	in	terms	of	competition,	innovation	and	
promoting	the	interests	of	end	users.		The	market	
review	will	be	a	multi-year	effort	during	which	the	PSR	
may	make	recommendations	for	potential	changes.

The	U.S.	Federal	Reserve	announced	that,	effective	
July	1,	2023,	the	requirement	for	issuing	customers	to	
enable	two	unaffiliated	networks	for	routing	debit	
card-present	transactions	will	be	extended	to	debit	
card-not-present	transactions.

In	May	2022,	legislation	was	introduced	in	the	U.S.	
Senate	(but	not	voted	on	prior	to	the	end	of	the	
previous	Congress)	that	would	have	extended	routing	
mandates	for	Mastercard	and	Visa	to	credit.		The	bill	
stipulated	that	the	top	two	networks	could	not	be	
enabled	on	the	same	card,	leaving	room	for	regional	
networks	to	serve	as	second	options.		The	bill	would	
also	have	mandated	Mastercard	provide	
authentication,	tokenization	or	other	security	
technology	to	competing	networks,	whether	or	not	
the	transaction	is	switched	by	Mastercard.		

In	December	2022,	the	U.S.	Federal	Trade	
Commission’s	Bureau	of	Competition	voted	to	issue	
an	administrative	complaint	and	accept	a	consent	
agreement	with	Mastercard	related	to	our	compliance	
with	the	debit	routing	provisions	of	the	Durbin	
Amendment.		Pursuant	to	this	agreement,	we	agreed	
to	provide	primary	account	numbers	(PANs)	so	
merchants	can	route	tokenized	online	debit	
transactions	to	alternative	networks.	

Preferential	or	Protective	Government	Actions.		Some	governments	have	taken	action	to	provide	resources,	preferential	treatment	
or	other	protection	to	selected	domestic	payments	and	processing	providers,	as	well	as	to	create	their	own	national	providers.		For	
example,	 governments	 in	 some	 countries	 mandate	 switching	 of	 domestic	 payments	 either	 entirely	 in	 that	 country	 or	 by	 only	
domestic	companies.		In	China,	we	are	currently	excluded	from	domestic	switching	and	are	seeking	market	access,	which	is	uncertain	
and	 subject	 to	 a	 number	 of	 factors,	 including	 receiving	 regulatory	 approval.	 	 We	 are	 in	 active	 discussions	 to	 explore	 different	
solutions.		Some	jurisdictions	are	currently	considering	adopting	or	have	adopted	“data	localization”	requirements,	which	mandate	
the	collection,	processing,	and/or	storage	of	data	within	their	borders.		This	is	the	case,	for	instance,	in	India,	China	and	Saudi	Arabia.		

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					23

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

Various	 forms	 of	 data	 localization	 requirements	 or	 data	 transfer	 restrictions	 are	 also	 under	 consideration	 in	 other	 countries	 and	
jurisdictions,	including	the	European	Union.	

Anti-Money	Laundering,	Counter	Financing	of	Terrorism,	Economic	Sanctions	and	Anti-Corruption.		We	are	subject	to	anti-money	
laundering	(“AML”)	and	counter-financing	of	terrorism	(“CFT”)	laws	and	regulations	globally,	including	the	U.S.	Bank	Secrecy	Act	and	
the	USA	PATRIOT	Act,	as	well	as	the	various	economic	sanctions	programs,	including	those	imposed	and	administered	by	the	U.S.	
Office	 of	 Foreign	 Assets	 Control	 (“OFAC”).	 	 We	 have	 implemented	 a	 comprehensive	 AML/CFT	 program,	 comprised	 of	 policies,	
procedures	 and	 internal	 controls,	 including	 the	 designation	 of	 a	 compliance	 officer,	 which	 is	 designed	 to	 prevent	 our	 payments	
network	 from	 being	 used	 to	 facilitate	 money	 laundering	 and	 other	 illicit	 activity	 and	 to	 address	 these	 legal	 and	 regulatory	
requirements	and	assist	in	managing	money	laundering	and	terrorist	financing	risks.		The	economic	sanctions	programs	administered	
by	OFAC	restrict	financial	transactions	and	other	dealings	with	certain	countries	and	geographies	(specifically	Crimea,	the	Donetsk	
People’s	 Republic	 and	 Luhansk	 People’s	 Republic	 regions	 of	 Ukraine,	 Cuba,	 Iran,	 North	 Korea	 and	 Syria)	 and	 with	 persons	 and	
entities	included	in	OFAC	sanctions	lists	including	its	list	of	Specially	Designated	Nationals	and	Blocked	Persons	(the	“SDN	List”).		We	
take	measures	to	prevent	transactions	that	do	not	comply	with	OFAC	and	other	applicable	sanctions,	including	establishing	a	risk-
based	compliance	program	that	has	policies,	procedures	and	controls	designed	to	prevent	us	from	having	unlawful	business	dealings	
with	prohibited	countries,	regions,	individuals	or	entities.		As	part	of	this	program,	we	obligate	issuers	and	acquirers	to	comply	with	
their	 local	 sanctions	 obligations	 and	 the	 U.S.	 sanctions	 programs,	 including	 requiring	 the	 screening	 of	 account	 holders	 and	
merchants,	respectively,	against	OFAC	sanctions	lists	(including	the	SDN	List).		Iran	and	Syria	have	been	identified	by	the	U.S.	State	
Department	as	terrorist-sponsoring	states,	and	we	have	no	offices,	subsidiaries	or	affiliated	entities	located	in	these	countries	and	do	
not	license	entities	domiciled	there.		We	are	also	subject	to	anti-corruption	laws	and	regulations	globally,	including	the	U.S.	Foreign	
Corrupt	Practices	Act	and	the	U.K.	Bribery	Act,	which,	among	other	things,	generally	prohibit	giving	or	offering	payments	or	anything	
of	 value	 for	 the	 purpose	 of	 improperly	 influencing	 a	 business	 decision	 or	 to	 gain	 an	 unfair	 business	 advantage.	 	 We	 have	
implemented	policies,	procedures	and	internal	controls	to	proactively	manage	corruption	risk.

Financial	Sector	Oversight.		We	are	or	may	be	subject	to	regulations	related	to	our	role	in	the	financial	industry	and	our	relationship	
with	our	financial	institution	customers.		In	addition,	we	are	or	may	be	subject	to	regulation	by	a	number	of	agencies	charged	with	
oversight	 of,	 among	 other	 things,	 consumer	 protection,	 cybersecurity,	 financial	 and	 banking	 matters.	 	 The	 regulators	 have	
supervisory	 and	 independent	 examination	 authority	 as	 well	 as	 enforcement	 authority	 that	 we	 may	 be	 subject	 to	 because	 of	 the	
services	we	provide	to	financial	institutions	that	issue	and	acquire	our	products.

Issuer	 and	 Acquirer	 Practices	 Legislation	 and	 Regulation.	 	 Our	 issuers	 and	 acquirers	 are	 subject	 to	 numerous	 regulations	 and	
investigations	 applicable	 to	 banks,	 financial	 institutions	 and	 other	 licensed	 entities,	 impacting	 us	 as	 a	 consequence.	 	 Additionally,	
regulations	such	as	the	revised	Payment	Services	Directive	(commonly	referred	to	as	“PSD2”)	in	the	EEA	require	financial	institutions	
to	provide	third-party	payment	processors	access	to	consumer	payment	accounts,	enabling	them	to	route	transactions	away	from	
Mastercard	products	and	provide	payment	initiation	and	account	information	services	directly	to	consumers	who	use	our	products.		
PSD2	 also	 requires	 a	 new	 standard	 for	 authentication	 of	 transactions,	 which	 necessitates	 additional	 verification	 information	 from	
consumers	to	complete	transactions.		This	may	increase	the	number	of	transactions	that	consumers	abandon	if	we	are	unable	to	
ensure	a	frictionless	authentication	experience	under	the	new	standards.

Regulation	 of	 Internet,	 Digital	 Transactions	 and	 High-Risk	 Merchant	 Categories.	 	 Various	 jurisdictions	 have	 enacted	 or	 have	
proposed	regulation	related	to	internet	transactions.		The	legislation	applies	to	payments	system	participants,	including	us	and	our	
customers,	 and	 is	 implemented	 through	 a	 federal	 regulation.	 	 We	 may	 also	 be	 impacted	 by	 evolving	 laws	 surrounding	 gambling,	
including	 fantasy	 sports,	 as	 well	 as	 certain	 legally	 permissible	 but	 high-risk	 merchant	 categories,	 such	 as	 adult	 content,	 firearms,	
alcohol	and	tobacco.		

Privacy,	Data	and	Information	Security.		Aspects	of	our	operations	or	business	are	subject	to	increasingly	complex	privacy	and	data	
protection	laws	in	the	United	States,	the	European	Union	and	elsewhere	around	the	world.		For	example,	in	the	United	States,	we	
and	 our	 customers	 are	 respectively	 subject	 to	 Federal	 Trade	 Commission	 and	 federal	 banking	 agency	 information	 safeguarding	
requirements	 under	 the	 Gramm-Leach-Bliley	 Act	 that	 require	 the	 maintenance	 of	 a	 written,	 comprehensive	 information	 security	
program.	 	 In	 the	 European	 Union,	 we	 are	 subject	 to	 the	 General	 Data	 Protection	 Regulation	 (the	 “GDPR”),	 which	 requires	 a	
comprehensive	 privacy	 and	 data	 protection	 program	 to	 protect	 the	 personal	 and	 sensitive	 data	 of	 EEA	 residents.	 	 A	 number	 of	
regulators	 and	 policymakers	 around	 the	 globe	 are	 using	 the	 GDPR	 as	 a	 reference	 to	 adopt	 new	 or	 updated	 privacy	 and	 data	
protection	laws.		Due	to	increasing	data	collection	and	data	flows,	numerous	data	breaches	and	security	incidents	as	well	as	the	use	
of	emerging	technologies	such	as	artificial	intelligence,	regulations	in	this	area	are	constantly	evolving	with	regulatory	and	legislative	
authorities	 in	 numerous	 parts	 of	 the	 world	 adopting	 proposals	 to	 regulate	 data	 and	 protect	 information.	 	 In	 addition,	 the	
interpretation	 and	 application	 of	 these	 privacy	 and	 data	 protection	 laws	 are	 often	 uncertain	 and	 in	 a	 state	 of	 flux,	 thus	 requiring	
constant	monitoring	for	compliance.

24					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1.	BUSINESS

ESG.		Various	jurisdictions	have	adopted	or	are	increasingly	considering	adopting	laws	and	regulations	impacting	our	reporting	on	
ESG	 governance,	 strategy,	 risk	 management	 and	 metrics	 and	 targets.	 	 Regulations	 already	 adopted	 or	 being	 considered	 include	
required	corporate	reporting	and	disclosures	on	specific	topics	as	well	as	broader	ESG	matters.		Specific	topics	include	climate	(such	
as	 the	 U.K.	 Streamlined	 Energy	 and	 Carbon	 Reporting,	 the	 European	 Union	 Corporate	 Sustainability	 Reporting	 Directive,	 or	 “EU	
CSRD”,	 and	 the	 SEC	 proposed	 rules	 related	 to	 climate	 change)	 and	 human	 rights	 (such	 as	 the	 European	 Union	 Corporate	
Sustainability	 Due	 Diligence	 Directive).	 	 Broader	 ESG	 matters	 include	 other	 environmental	 matters,	 treatment	 of	 employees	 and	
diversity	of	workforce	(such	as	the	EU	CSRD).

Additional	 Regulatory	 Developments.	 	 Various	 regulatory	 agencies	 also	 continue	 to	 examine	 a	 wide	 variety	 of	 issues	 that	 could	
impact	us,	including	evolving	laws	surrounding	buy-now-pay-later,	digital	currencies,	marijuana,	prepaid	payroll	cards,	identity	theft,	
account	management	guidelines,	disclosure	rules,	security	and	marketing	that	would	impact	our	customers	directly.

Additional	Information

Mastercard	Incorporated	was	incorporated	as	a	Delaware	corporation	in	May	2001.		We	conduct	our	business	principally	through	
our	principal	operating	subsidiary,	Mastercard	International	Incorporated,	a	Delaware	non-stock	(or	membership)	corporation	that	
was	formed	in	November	1966.		For	more	information	about	our	capital	structure,	including	our	Class	A	common	stock	(our	voting	
stock)	and	Class	B	common	stock	(our	non-voting	stock),	see	Note	16	(Stockholders'	Equity)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	
included	in	Part	II,	Item	8.

Website	and	SEC	Reports

Our	internet	address	is	www.mastercard.com.		From	time	to	time,	we	may	use	our	corporate	website	as	a	channel	of	distribution	of	
material	company	information.		Financial	and	other	material	information	is	routinely	posted	and	accessible	on	the	investor	relations	
section	of	our	corporate	website.		You	can	also	visit	“Investor	Alerts”	in	the	investor	relations	section	to	enroll	your	email	address	to	
automatically	receive	email	alerts	and	other	information	about	Mastercard.

Our	annual	report	on	Form	10-K,	quarterly	reports	on	Form	10-Q,	current	reports	on	Form	8-K	and	amendments	to	those	reports	are	
available	for	review,	without	charge,	on	the	investor	relations	section	of	our	corporate	website	as	soon	as	reasonably	practicable	
after	they	are	filed	with,	or	furnished	to,	the	U.S.	Securities	and	Exchange	Commission	(the	“SEC”).		The	information	contained	on	
our	corporate	website,	including,	but	not	limited	to,	our	Corporate	Sustainability	Report,	our	Global	Inclusion	Report	and	our	U.S.	
Consolidated	EEO-1	Report,	is	not	incorporated	by	reference	into	this	Report.		Our	filings	are	also	available	electronically	from	the	
SEC	at	www.sec.gov.

Item	1A.	Risk	factors

RISK	HIGHLIGHTS

Legal	and	Regulatory

Business	and	Operations

Payments	Industry	Regulation

Competition	and	Technology

Brand,	Reputational	Impact	and	ESG

Preferential	or	Protective	Government	
Actions

Information	Security	and	Operational	
Resilience

Talent	and	Culture

Privacy,	Data	and	Security

Stakeholder	Relationships

Acquisitions

Other	Regulation

Litigation

Global	Economic	and	Political	
Environment

Settlement	and	Third-Party	
Obligations

Class	A	Common	Stock	and	Governance	Structure

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					25

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

Legal	and	Regulatory

Payments	Industry	Regulation

Global	 regulatory	 and	 legislative	 activity	 directly	 related	 to	 the	 payments	 industry	 may	 have	 a	 material	 adverse	 impact	 on	 our	
overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

Jurisdictions	increasingly	have	regulated	or	established	and	expanded	authority	over	certain	aspects	of	payments	systems	such	as	
ours,	or	have	sought	to	do	so.		These	efforts	established,	and	potentially	further	expand,	obligations	or	restrictions	with	respect	to	
the	types	of	products	and	services	that	we	may	offer,	the	countries	in	which	our	integrated	products	and	services	may	be	used,	the	
way	we	structure	and	operate	our	business	and	the	types	of	consumers	and	merchants	who	can	obtain	or	accept	our	products	or	
services.		New	regulations	and	oversight	could	also	relate	to	our	clearing	and	settlement	activities	(including	policies,	procedures	and	
requirements	related	to	risk	management,	collateral,	participant	default,	timely	switching	of	financial	transactions,	and	capital	and	
financial	resource).		Several	jurisdictions	have	also	inquired	about	the	network	fees	we	charge	to	our	customers	(in	some	cases	as	
part	of	broader	market	reviews	of	retail	payments).		

Several	 central	 banks	 or	 similar	 regulatory	 bodies	 around	 the	 world	 have	 also	 increased,	 or	 are	 seeking	 to	 increase,	 their	 formal	
oversight	 of	 the	 electronic	 payments	 industry.	 	 In	 several	 jurisdictions,	 we	 have	 been	 designated	 as	 a	 “systemically	 important	
payment	 system”,	 with	 other	 regulators	 considering	 similar	 designations.	 	 Parts	 of	 our	 business	 have	 also	 been	 deemed	 as	 a	
“specified	service	provider”	and	considered	critical	national	infrastructure.		These	obligations,	designations	and	restrictions	result	in	
heightened	 regulatory	 oversight	 and	 scrutiny.	 	 They	 may	 further	 expand	 and	 could	 conflict	 with	 each	 other	 as	 more	 jurisdictions	
impose	oversight	of	payments	systems.		Moreover,	these	efforts	may	influence	the	approaches	of	other	regulators	around	the	world	
that	are	increasingly	looking	to	replicate	similar	regulation	of	payments	and	other	industries.		Similarly,	jurisdictions	that	regulate	a	
particular	product	may	extend	their	regulation	to	similar	products	(for	example,	debit	regulations	could	lead	to	regulation	of	credit	
products	 or	 network	 fees).	 	 As	 a	 result,	 the	 risks	 to	 our	 business	 created	 by	 any	 one	 new	 law	 or	 regulation	 are	 magnified	 by	 the	
potential	it	has	to	be	replicated	in	other	jurisdictions	or	involve	other	products	within	any	particular	jurisdiction.	

The	expansion	of	our	products	and	services	as	part	of	our	multi-rail	strategy	have	also	created	the	need	for	us	to	obtain	new	types	
and	increasing	numbers	of	regulatory	licenses,	resulting	in	increased	supervision	and	additional	compliance	burdens	distinct	from	
those	imposed	on	our	core	payment	network	activities.		For	example,	certain	of	our	subsidiaries	maintain	money	transfer	licenses	to	
support	 certain	 activities.	 	 These	 licenses	 typically	 impose	 supervisory	 and	 examination	 requirements,	 as	 well	 as	 capital,	
safeguarding,	risk	management	and	other	business	obligations.		

Increased	regulation	and	oversight	of	payments	systems,	as	well	as	increased	exposure	to	regulation	resulting	from	changes	to	our	
products	 and	 services,	 have	 resulted	 and	 may	 continue	 to	 result	 in	 significant	 compliance	 and	 governance	 burdens	 or	 otherwise	
increase	our	costs.		As	a	result,	customers	could	be	less	willing	to	participate	in	our	payments	system	and/or	use	our	other	products	
or	 services,	 reduce	 the	 benefits	 offered	 in	 connection	 with	 the	 use	 of	 our	 products	 (making	 our	 products	 less	 desirable	 to	
consumers),	reduce	the	volume	of	domestic	and	cross-border	transactions	or	other	operational	metrics,	disintermediate	us,	impact	
our	profitability	and/or	limit	our	ability	to	innovate	or	offer	differentiated	products	and	services,	all	of	which	could	materially	and	
adversely	impact	our	financial	performance.		In	addition,	any	regulation	that	is	enacted	related	to	the	type	and	level	of	network	fees	
we	charge	our	customers	could	also	materially	and	adversely	impact	our	results	of	operations.		Regulators	could	also	require	us	to	
obtain	prior	approval	for	changes	to	our	system	rules,	procedures	or	operations,	or	could	require	customization	with	regard	to	such	
changes,	which	could	negatively	impact	us.		Such	changes	could	lead	to	new	or	different	criteria	for	participation	in	and	access	to	our	
payments	system	by	financial	institutions	or	other	customers.		Moreover,	failure	to	comply	with	the	laws	and	regulations	to	which	
we	 are	 subject	 could	 result	 in	 fines,	 sanctions,	 civil	 damages	 or	 other	 penalties,	 which	 could	 materially	 and	 adversely	 affect	 our	
overall	business	and	results	of	operations,	as	well	as	have	an	impact	on	our	brand	and	reputation.

Increased	 regulatory,	 legislative	 and	 litigation	 activity	 with	 respect	 to	 interchange	 rates	 could	 have	 an	 adverse	 impact	 on	 our	
business.

Interchange	 rates	 are	 a	 significant	 component	 of	 the	 costs	 that	 merchants	 pay	 in	 connection	 with	 the	 acceptance	 of	 products	
associated	with	our	core	payment	network.		Although	we	do	not	earn	revenues	from	interchange,	interchange	rates	can	impact	the	
volume	 of	 transactions	 we	 see	 on	 our	 payment	 products.	 	 If	 interchange	 rates	 are	 too	 high,	 merchants	 may	 stop	 accepting	 our	
products	or	route	transactions	away	from	our	network.		If	interchange	rates	are	too	low,	issuers	may	stop	promoting	our	integrated	
products	 and	 services,	 eliminate	 or	 reduce	 loyalty	 rewards	 programs	 or	 other	 account	 holder	 benefits	 (e.g.,	 free	 checking	 or	 low	
interest	rates	on	balances),	or	charge	fees	to	account	holders	(e.g.,	annual	fees	or	late	payment	fees).

Governments	and	merchant	groups	in	a	number	of	countries	have	implemented	or	are	seeking	interchange	rate	reductions	through	
legislation,	 competition	 law,	 central	 bank	 regulation	 and	 litigation.	 	 See	 “Business	 -	 Government	 Regulation”	 in	 Part	 I,	 Item	 1	 and	
Note	21	(Legal	and	Regulatory	Proceedings)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8	for	more	details.

26					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

If	issuers	cannot	collect	or	we	are	required	to	reduce	interchange	rates,	issuers	may	be	less	willing	to	participate	in	our	four-party	
payments	system,	or	may	reduce	the	benefits	offered	in	connection	with	the	use	of	our	products,	reducing	the	attractiveness	of	our	
products	to	consumers.		These	and	other	impacts	could	lower	transaction	volumes,	and/or	make	proprietary	three-party	networks	
or	 other	 forms	 of	 payment	 more	 attractive.	 	 Issuers	 could	 reduce	 the	 benefits	 associated	 with	 our	 products	 or	 choose	 to	 charge	
higher	fees	to	consumers	to	attempt	to	recoup	a	portion	of	the	costs	incurred	for	their	services.		In	addition,	issuers	could	seek	a	fee	
reduction	from	us	to	decrease	the	expense	of	their	payment	programs,	particularly	if	regulation	has	a	disproportionate	impact	on	us	
as	 compared	 to	 our	 competitors	 in	 terms	 of	 the	 fees	 we	 can	 charge.	 	 This	 could	 make	 our	 products	 less	 desirable	 to	 consumers,	
reduce	the	volume	of	transactions	and	our	profitability,	and	limit	our	ability	to	innovate	or	offer	differentiated	products.

We	are	devoting	substantial	resources	to	defending	our	right	to	establish	interchange	rates	in	regulatory	proceedings,	litigation	and	
legislative	activity.		The	potential	outcome	of	any	of	these	activities	could	have	a	more	positive	or	negative	impact	on	us	relative	to	
our	competitors.		If	we	are	ultimately	unsuccessful	in	defending	our	ability	to	establish	interchange	rates,	any	resulting	legislation,	
regulation	 and/or	 litigation	 may	 have	 a	 material	 adverse	 impact	 on	 our	 overall	 business	 and	 results	 of	 operations.	 	 In	 addition,	
regulatory	 proceedings	 and	 litigation	 could	 result	 (and	 in	 some	 cases	 has	 resulted)	 in	 us	 being	 fined	 and/or	 having	 to	 pay	 civil	
damages,	the	amount	of	which	could	be	material.

Limitations	on	our	ability	to	restrict	merchant	surcharging	could	materially	and	adversely	impact	our	results	of	operations.

We	have	historically	implemented	policies,	referred	to	as	no-surcharge	rules,	in	certain	jurisdictions,	including	the	United	States	and	
Canada,	 that	 prohibit	 merchants	 from	 charging	 higher	 prices	 to	 consumers	 who	 pay	 using	 our	 products	 instead	 of	 other	 means.		
Authorities	 in	 several	 jurisdictions	 have	 acted	 to	 end	 or	 limit	 the	 application	 of	 these	 no-surcharge	 rules	 (or	 indicated	 interest	 in	
doing	so).		Additionally,	we	have	modified	our	no-surcharge	rules	to	permit	U.S.	and	Canadian	merchants	to	surcharge	credit	cards,	
subject	to	certain	limitations.		It	is	possible	that	over	time	merchants	in	some	or	all	merchant	categories	in	these	jurisdictions	may	
choose	 to	 surcharge	 as	 permitted	 by	 the	 rule	 change.	 	 This	 could	 result	 in	 consumers	 viewing	 our	 products	 less	 favorably	 and/or	
using	 alternative	 means	 of	 payment	 instead	 of	 electronic	 products,	 which	 could	 result	 in	 a	 decrease	 in	 our	 overall	 transaction	
volumes,	and	which	in	turn	could	materially	and	adversely	impact	our	results	of	operations.

Preferential	or	Protective	Government	Actions

Preferential	 and	 protective	 government	 actions	 related	 to	 domestic	 payment	 services	 could	 adversely	 affect	 our	 ability	 to	
maintain	or	increase	our	revenues.

Governments	 in	 some	 countries	 have	 acted,	 or	 in	 the	 future	 may	 act,	 to	 provide	 resources,	 preferential	 treatment	 or	 other	
protection	to	selected	national	payment	and	switching	providers,	or	have	created,	or	may	in	the	future	create,	their	own	national	
provider.		This	action	may	displace	us	from,	prevent	us	from	entering	into,	or	substantially	restrict	us	from	participating	in,	particular	
geographies,	and	may	prevent	us	from	competing	effectively	against	those	providers.		For	example:

• Governments	 in	 some	 countries	 have	 implemented,	 or	 may	 implement,	 regulatory	 requirements	 that	 mandate	 switching	 of	

domestic	payments	either	entirely	in	that	country	or	by	only	domestic	companies.	

•

Some	 jurisdictions	 have	 implemented,	 or	 are	 considering,	 requirements	 to	 collect,	 process	 and/or	 store	 data	 within	 their	
borders,	as	well	as	prohibitions	on	the	transfer	of	data	abroad,	leading	to	technological	and	operational	implications	as	well	as	
increased	compliance	burdens	and	other	costs.	

• Geopolitical	events	(such	as	Russia’s	invasion	of	Ukraine)	and	resulting	OFAC	sanctions,	adverse	trade	policies,	enforcement	of	
U.S.	 laws	 related	 to	 counter	 financing	 of	 terrorism,	 economic	 sanctions	 and	 anti-corruption,	 or	 other	 types	 of	 government	
actions	could	lead	affected	or	other	jurisdictions	to	take	actions	in	response	that	could	adversely	affect	our	business.		Moreover,	
given	our	decision	to	suspend	business	operations	in	Russia,	other	separate	jurisdictions	may	decide	to	increase	their	focus	on	
growing	local	payment	networks	and	other	solutions.	

• Regional	groups	of	countries	 are	 considering,	or	may	consider,	efforts	to	restrict	our	participation	in	the	switching	of	regional	

transactions.

Such	developments	prevent	us	from	utilizing	our	global	switching	capabilities	for	domestic	or	regional	customers.		In	addition,	to	the	
extent	 a	 jurisdiction	 determines	 us	 not	 to	 be	 in	 compliance	 with	 regulatory	 requirements	 (including	 those	 related	 to	 data	
localization),	we	have,	and	may	continue	to	be,	subject	to	resource	and	time	pressures	in	order	to	come	back	into	compliance.		Our	
inability	to	effect	change	in,	or	work	with,	these	jurisdictions	could	adversely	affect	our	ability	to	maintain	or	increase	our	revenues	
and	extend	our	global	brand.	

Additionally,	some	jurisdictions	have	implemented,	or	may	implement,	foreign	ownership	restrictions,	which	could	potentially	have	
the	effect	of	forcing	or	inducing	the	transfer	of	our	technology	and	proprietary	information	as	a	condition	of	access	to	their	markets.		
Such	restrictions	could	adversely	impact	our	ability	to	compete	in	these	markets.		

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					27

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

Privacy,	Data	and	Security

Regulation	of	privacy,	data,	security	and	the	digital	economy	could	increase	our	costs,	as	well	as	negatively	impact	our	growth.

We	are	subject	to	increasingly	complex	regulations	related	to	privacy,	data	and	information	security	in	the	jurisdictions	in	which	we	
do	 business.	 	 These	 regulations	 could	 result	 in	 negative	 impacts	 to	 our	 business.	 	 As	 we	 continue	 to	 develop	 integrated	 and	
personalized	 products	 and	 services	 to	 meet	 the	 needs	 of	 a	 changing	 marketplace	 (as	 well	 as	 acquire	 new	 companies),	 we	 have	
expanded	 our	 information	 profile	 through	 the	 collection	 of	 additional	 data	 from	 additional	 sources	 and	 across	 multiple	 channels.		
This	expansion	has	amplified	the	impact	of	these	regulations	on	our	business.		This	regulation	requires	monitoring	of	and	changes	to	
our	 data	 practices	 in	 regard	 to	 the	 collection,	 use,	 disclosure,	 storage,	 transfer	 and/or	 protection	 of	 personal	 and	 sensitive	
information,	as	well	as	increased	care	in	our	data	management,	governance	and	quality	practices.		We	are	also	subject	to	enhanced	
compliance	 and	 operational	 requirements	 in	 the	 European	 Union,	 and	 policymakers	 around	 the	 globe	 are	 or	 are	 considering	
adopting	new	or	updated	privacy	laws	that	have	resulted	or	could	result	in	similar	or	stricter	requirements	in	other	jurisdictions.		For	
example,	 some	 jurisdictions	 have	 implemented	 or	 are	 otherwise	 considering	 requirements	 to	 collect,	 process	 and/or	 store	 data	
within	their	borders,	as	well	as	prohibitions	on	the	transfer	of	data	abroad,	leading	to	technological	and	operational	implications.		
Other	 jurisdictions	 have	 adopted	 or	 are	 otherwise	 considering	 adopting	 sector-specific	 regulations	 for	 the	 payments	 industry,	
including	forced	data	sharing	requirements	or	additional	verification	requirements,	as	well	as	regulations	on	artificial	intelligence	and	
data	governance,	that	overlap	or	conflict	with,	or	diverge	from,	general	privacy	rules.		Failure	to	comply	with	these	laws,	regulations	
and	 requirements	 could	 result	 in	 fines,	 sanctions	 or	 other	 penalties,	 which	 could	 materially	 and	 adversely	 affect	 our	 results	 of	
operations	and	overall	business,	as	well	as	have	an	impact	on	our	reputation.

New	 requirements	 or	 changing	 interpretations	 of	 existing	 requirements	 in	 these	 areas,	 or	 the	 development	 of	 new	 regulatory	
schemes	 related	 to	 the	 digital	 economy	 in	 general,	 may	 also	 increase	 our	 costs	 and/or	 restrict	 our	 ability	 to	 leverage	 data	 for	
innovation.		This	could	impact	the	products	and	services	we	offer	and	other	aspects	of	our	business,	such	as	fraud	monitoring,	the	
need	 for	 improved	 data	 management,	 governance	 and	 quality	 practices,	 the	 development	 of	 information-based	 products	 and	
solutions,	and	technology	operations.		In	addition,	these	requirements	may	increase	the	costs	to	our	customers	of	issuing	payment	
products,	 which	 may,	 in	 turn,	 decrease	 the	 number	 of	 our	 payment	 products	 that	 they	 issue.	 	 Moreover,	 due	 to	 account	 data	
compromise	 events	 and	 privacy	 abuses	 by	 other	 companies,	 as	 well	 as	 the	 disclosure	 of	 monitoring	 activities	 by	 certain	
governmental	 agencies	 in	 combination	 with	 the	 use	 of	 artificial	 intelligence	 and	 new	 technologies,	 there	 has	 been	 heightened	
legislative	 and	 regulatory	 scrutiny	 around	 the	 world	 that	 could	 lead	 to	 further	 regulation	 and	 requirements	 and/or	 future	
enforcement.		Those	developments	have	also	raised	public	attention	on	companies’	data	practices	and	have	changed	consumer	and	
societal	 expectations	 for	 enhanced	 privacy	 and	 data	 protection.	 	 While	 we	 make	 every	 effort	 to	 comply	 with	 all	 regulatory	
requirements	and	we	deploy	a	Privacy	by	Design	and	Data	by	Design	approach	to	all	of	our	product	development,	the	speed	and	
pace	 of	 changes	 in	 laws	 (as	 well	 as	 stakeholder	 interests)	 may	 not	 allow	 us	 to	 meet	 rapidly	 evolving	 regulatory	 and	 stakeholder	
expectations.		Any	of	these	developments	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.	

In	 addition,	 fraudulent	 activity	 and	 increasing	 cyberattacks	 have	 encouraged	 legislative	 and	 regulatory	 intervention,	 and	 could	
damage	our	reputation	and	reduce	the	use	and	acceptance	of	our	integrated	products	and	services	or	increase	our	compliance	costs.		
Criminals	are	using	increasingly	sophisticated	methods	to	capture	consumer	personal	information	to	engage	in	illegal	activities	such	
as	counterfeiting	or	other	fraud.		As	outsourcing	and	specialization	become	common	in	the	payments	industry,	there	are	more	third	
parties	 involved	 in	 processing	 transactions	 using	 our	 payment	 products.	 	 While	 we	 are	 taking	 measures	 to	 make	 card	 and	 digital	
payments	more	secure,	increased	fraud	levels	involving	our	integrated	products	and	services,	or	misconduct	or	negligence	by	third	
parties	 switching	 or	 otherwise	 servicing	 our	 integrated	 products	 and	 services,	 could	 lead	 to	 legislative	 or	 regulatory	 intervention,	
such	as	enhanced	security	requirements	and	liabilities,	as	well	as	damage	to	our	reputation.	

Other	Regulation	

Regulations	that	directly	or	indirectly	apply	to	Mastercard	as	a	result	of	our	participation	in	the	global	payments	industry	may	
materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

We	 are	 subject	 to	 regulations	 that	 affect	 the	 payments	 industry	 in	 the	 many	 jurisdictions	 in	 which	 our	 integrated	 products	 and	
services	are	used.		Many	of	our	customers	are	also	subject	to	regulations	applicable	to	banks	and	other	financial	institutions	that,	at	
times,	 consequently	 affect	 us.	 	 Such	 regulation	 has	 increased	 significantly	 in	 the	 last	 several	 years	 (as	 described	 in	 “Business	 -	
Government	Regulation”	in	Part	I,	Item	1).		Examples	include:

• Anti-Money	Laundering,	Counter	Financing	of	Terrorism,	Economic	Sanctions	and	Anti-Corruption	-	We	are	subject	to	AML	and	
CFT	laws	and	regulations	globally.		Economic	sanctions	programs	administered	by	OFAC	restrict	financial	transactions	and	other	
dealings	 with	 certain	 countries	 and	 geographies,	 and	 persons	 and	 entities.	 	 We	 are	 also	 subject	 to	 anti-corruption	 laws	 and	
regulations	 globally,	 which,	 among	 other	 things,	 generally	 prohibit	 giving	 or	 offering	 payments	 or	 anything	 of	 value	 for	 the	
purpose	of	improperly	influencing	a	business	decision	or	to	gain	an	unfair	business	advantage.		

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ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

• Account-based	 Payments	 Systems	 -	 In	 the	 U.K.,	 aspects	 of	 our	 Vocalink	 business	 are	 subject	 to	 the	 U.K.	 payment	 system	

oversight	regime	and	are	directly	overseen	by	the	Bank	of	England.

•

Issuer	 and	 Acquirer	 Practices	 Legislation	 and	 Regulation	 -	 Certain	 regulations	 (such	 as	 PSD2	 in	 the	 EEA)	 may	 impact	 various	
aspects	of	our	business.		For	example,	PSD2’s	strong	authentication	requirement	could	increase	the	number	of	transactions	that	
consumers	abandon	if	we	are	unable	to	secure	a	frictionless	authentication	experience	under	these	standards.		An	increase	in	
the	rate	of	abandoned	transactions	could	adversely	impact	our	volumes	or	other	operational	metrics.

Increased	 regulatory	 focus	 on	 us	 has	 resulted	 and	 may	 continue	 to	 result	 in	 significant	 compliance	 and	 governance	 burdens	 or	
otherwise	 increase	 our	 costs.	 	 Similarly,	 increased	 regulatory	 focus	 on	 our	 customers	 may	 cause	 such	 customers	 to	 reduce	 the	
volume	of	transactions	processed	through	our	systems,	or	may	otherwise	impact	the	competitiveness	of	our	products.		Actions	by	
regulators	 could	 influence	 other	 organizations	 around	 the	 world	 to	 enact	 or	 consider	 adopting	 similar	 measures,	 amplifying	 any	
potential	compliance	burden.		Additionally,	our	compliance	with	new	economic	sanctions	and	related	laws	with	respect	to	particular	
jurisdictions	or	customers	could	result	in	a	loss	of	business,	which	could	be	significant.		Moreover,	while	our	risk-based	compliance	
program	obligates	issuers	and	acquirers	to	comply	with	their	local	sanctions	programs	(among	other	obligations),	the	failure	of	those	
issuers	and	acquirers	to	identify	potential	non-compliance	issues	either	during	or	after	their	customer	onboarding	processes	could	
ultimately	impact	our	compliance	with	economic	sanctions	and	related	laws.		Finally,	failure	to	comply	with	the	laws	and	regulations	
discussed	above	to	which	we	are	subject	could	result	in	fines,	sanctions	or	other	penalties.		In	particular,	a	violation	and	subsequent	
judgment	or	settlement	against	us,	or	those	with	whom	we	may	be	associated,	under	economic	sanctions	and	AML,	CFT,	and	anti-
corruption	laws	could	subject	us	to	substantial	monetary	penalties,	damages,	and/or	have	a	significant	reputational	impact.		Each	
instance	may	individually	or	collectively	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	financial	performance	and/or	our	overall	business	and	
results	of	operations,	as	well	as	have	an	impact	on	our	reputation.

We	could	be	subject	to	adverse	changes	in	tax	laws,	regulations	and	interpretations	or	challenges	to	our	tax	positions.

We	are	subject	to	tax	laws	and	regulations	of	the	U.S.	federal,	state	and	local	governments	as	well	as	various	non-U.S.	jurisdictions.	
Current	and	potential	future	changes	in	existing	tax	laws,	including	regulatory	guidance,	are	continuously	being	considered	and	have	
been	 or	 may	 be	 enacted	 (such	 as	 new	 guidelines	 issued	 by	 the	 Organization	 for	 Economic	 Cooperation	 and	 Development	 (OECD)	
which	could	impact	how	multinational	enterprises	are	taxed	on	their	global	profits).		These	changes	have	or	may	in	the	future	impact	
our	 effective	 income	 tax	 rate	 and	 tax	 payments.	 	 Similarly,	 changes	 in	 tax	 laws	 and	 regulations	 that	 impact	 our	 customers	 and	
counterparties,	or	the	economy	generally,	have	and	can	continue	to	impact	us	as	well.	

In	addition,	tax	laws	and	regulations	are	complex	and	subject	to	varying	interpretations,	and	any	significant	failure	to	comply	with	
applicable	 tax	 laws	 and	 regulations	 in	 all	 relevant	 jurisdictions	 could	 give	 rise	 to	 substantial	 penalties	 and	 liabilities.	 	 Jurisdictions	
around	the	globe	have	also	increased	tax-related	audits,	which	require	time	and	resources	to	resolve.

Any	changes	in	enacted	tax	laws,	rules	or	regulatory	or	judicial	interpretations	or	guidance;	any	adverse	outcome	in	connection	with	
tax	audits	in	any	jurisdiction;	or	any	changes	in	the	pronouncements	relating	to	accounting	for	income	taxes	could	materially	and	
adversely	impact	our	effective	income	tax	rate,	tax	payments,	financial	condition	and	results	of	operations.

Litigation

Liabilities	 we	 may	 incur	 or	 limitations	 on	 our	 business	 related	 to	 any	 litigation	 or	 litigation	 settlements	 could	 materially	 and	
adversely	affect	our	results	of	operations.

We	 are	 a	 defendant	 in	 a	 number	 of	 civil	 litigations	 and	 regulatory	 proceedings	 and	 investigations,	 including	 among	 others,	 those	
alleging	violations	of	competition	and	antitrust	law	and	those	involving	intellectual	property	claims	(as	described	in	Note	21	(Legal	
and	Regulatory	Proceedings)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8).		In	the	event	we	are	found	liable	in	
any	material	litigations	or	proceedings	(particularly	in	a	large	class-action	lawsuit	or	on	the	basis	of	an	antitrust	claim	entitling	the	
plaintiff	to	treble	damages	or	under	which	we	were	jointly	and	severally	liable),	we	could	be	subject	to	significant	damages,	which	
could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

Certain	limitations	have	been	placed	on	our	business	in	recent	years	because	of	litigation	and	litigation	settlements,	such	as	changes	
to	our	no-surcharge	rule	in	the	United	States	and	Canada.		Any	future	limitations	on	our	business	resulting	from	the	outcomes	of	any	
litigation	or	regulatory	proceeding,	including	any	changes	to	our	rules	or	business	practices,	could	impact	our	relationships	with	our	
customers,	including	reducing	the	volume	of	business	that	we	do	with	them,	which	may	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	
business	and	results	of	operations.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					29

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ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

Business	and	Operations

Competition	and	Technology

Substantial	and	intense	competition	worldwide	in	the	global	payments	industry	may	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	
business	and	results	of	operations.

The	global	payments	industry	is	highly	competitive.		Our	payment	programs	compete	against	competitors	both	within	and	outside	of	
the	global	payments	industry	and	compete	in	all	payment	categories,	including	paper-based	payments	and	all	forms	of	electronic	
payments.		We	compete	against	general	purpose	payments	networks,	debit	and	local	networks,	ACH	and	real-time	account-based	
payments	 systems,	 alternative	 payments	 systems	 and	 new	 entrants	 (focused	 on	 online	 activity	 across	 various	 channels	 and	
processing	 payments	 using	 in-house	 capabilities),	 government-backed	 networks	 and	 digital	 currencies.	 	 We	 also	 face	 competition	
from	 companies	 that	 provide	 alternatives	 to	 our	 value-added	 services	 and	 new	 adjacent	 network	 capabilities	 (including	 open	
banking	and	digital	identity).	

Our	traditional	competitors	may	have	substantially	greater	financial	and	other	resources	than	we	have,	may	offer	a	wider	range	of	
programs,	 services,	 and	 payment	 capabilities	 than	 we	 offer	 or	 may	 use	 more	 effective	 advertising	 and	 marketing	 strategies	 to	
achieve	 broader	 brand	 recognition	 and	 merchant	 acceptance	 than	 we	 have.	 	 They	 may	 also	 introduce	 their	 own	 innovative	
programs,	value-added	services	and	capabilities	that	adversely	impact	our	growth.		

Certain	 of	 our	 competitors	 to	 our	 core	 payment	 network	 operate	 three-party	 payments	 systems	 with	 direct	 connections	 to	 both	
merchants	and	consumers	and	these	competitors	may	derive	competitive	advantages	from	their	business	models.		If	we	continue	to	
attract	more	regulatory	scrutiny	than	these	competitors	because	we	operate	a	four-party	system,	or	we	are	regulated	because	of	the	
system	 we	 operate	 in	 a	 way	 in	 which	 our	 competitors	 are	 not,	 we	 could	 lose	 business	 to	 these	 competitors.	 	 See	 “Business	 -	
Competition”	in	Part	I,	Item	1.

New	 entrants	 against	 whom	 we	 compete	 have	 developed	 alternative	 payments	 systems,	 e-commerce	 payments	 systems	 and	
payments	 systems	 for	 mobile	 devices,	 as	 well	 as	 physical	 store	 locations.	 	 A	 number	 of	 these	 new	 entrants	 rely	 principally	 on	
technology	to	support	their	services	that	provides	cost	advantages,	and	as	a	result	may	enjoy	lower	costs	than	we	do,	which	could	
put	us	at	a	competitive	disadvantage.		

Our	 ability	 to	 compete	 may	 also	 be	 affected	 by	 regulatory	 and	 legislative	 initiatives,	 as	 well	 as	 the	 outcomes	 of	 litigation,	
competition-related	 regulatory	 proceedings	 and	 central	 bank	 activity	 and	 legislative	 activity.	 	 Moreover,	 the	 suspension	 of	 our	
business	operations	in	Russia	may	provide	the	opportunity	for	competitors	to	grow	their	business	and	increase	their	market	share	
and	relative	competitive	position	in	other	jurisdictions.

If	 we	 are	 not	 able	 to	 differentiate	 ourselves	 from	 our	 competitors,	 drive	 value	 for	 our	 customers	 and/or	 effectively	 align	 our	
resources	with	our	goals	and	objectives,	we	may	not	be	able	to	compete	effectively	against	these	threats.		Our	failure	to	compete	
effectively	against	any	of	the	foregoing	competitive	threats	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	
operations.

Disintermediation	from	stakeholders	both	within	and	outside	of	the	payments	value	chain	could	harm	our	business.

As	the	payments	industry	continues	to	develop	and	change,	we	face	disintermediation	and	related	risks,	including:

• Parties	that	process	our	transactions	in	certain	countries	may	try	to	eliminate	our	position	as	an	intermediary	in	the	payment	
process.		For	example,	merchants	could	switch	(and	in	some	cases	are	switching)	transactions	directly	with	issuers.		Additionally,	
processors	could	process	transactions	directly	between	issuers	and	acquirers.		Large	scale	consolidation	within	processors	could	
result	 in	 these	 processors	 developing	 bilateral	 agreements	 or	 in	 some	 cases	 switching	 the	 entire	 transaction	 on	 their	 own	
network,	thereby	disintermediating	us.

•

Industry	 participants	 continue	 to	 invest	 in	 and	 develop	 alternative	 capabilities,	 such	 as	 account-to-account	 payments,	 which	
could	facilitate	P2M	transactions	that	compete	with	both	our	core	payments	network	and	our	additional	payment	capabilities.

• Regulation	 (such	 as	 PSD2	 in	 the	 EEA)	 may	 disintermediate	 issuers	 by	 enabling	 third-party	 providers	 opportunities	 to	 route	
payment	 transactions	 away	 from	 our	 network	 and	 products	 and	 towards	 other	 forms	 of	 payment	 by	 offering	 account	
information	or	payment	initiation	services	directly	to	those	who	currently	use	our	products.		Such	regulation	may	also	provide	
these	processors	with	the	opportunity	to	commoditize	the	data	that	are	included	in	the	transactions	they	are	servicing.		If	our	
customers	are	disintermediated	in	their	business,	we	could	face	diminished	demand	for	our	integrated	products	and	services.

• Although	 we	 partner	 with	 fintechs	 and	 technology	 companies	 (such	 as	 digital	 players	 and	 mobile	 providers)	 that	 leverage	 our	
technology,	platforms	and	networks	to	deliver	their	products,	they	could	develop	platforms	or	networks	that	disintermediate	us	
from	digital	payments	and	impact	our	ability	to	compete	in	the	digital	economy.		These	companies	may	also	develop	products	or	

30					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

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ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

services	 that	 compete	 with	 our	 customers	 within	 the	 payments	 ecosystem	 and,	 as	 a	 result,	 could	 diminish	 demand	 for	 our	
products	and	services.		When	we	do	partner	with	fintechs	and	technology	companies,	we	face	a	heightened	risk	when	we	share	
data	as	part	of	those	relationships.		While	we	share	this	data	in	a	controlled	manner	subject	to	applicable	anonymization	and	
privacy	and	data	standards,	sharing	this	data	without	proper	oversight	could	provide	partners	with	a	competitive	advantage.

• Competitors,	 customers,	 fintechs,	 technology	 companies,	 governments	 and	 other	 industry	 participants	 may	 develop	 products	
that	compete	with	or	replace	value-added	products	and	services	we	currently	provide	to	support	our	switched	transaction	and	
payments	offerings.		These	products	could	either	replace,	or	force	us	to	change	our	pricing	or	practices,	for	these	offerings.		In	
addition,	 governments	 that	 develop	 or	 encourage	 the	 creation	 of	 national	 or	 international	 payments	 platforms	 may	 promote	
their	 platforms	 in	 such	 a	 way	 that	 could	 put	 us	 at	 a	 competitive	 disadvantage	 in	 those	 markets,	 or	 require	 us	 to	 compete	
differently.

• Participants	 in	 the	 payments	 industry	 may	 merge,	 create	 joint	 ventures	 or	 form	 other	 business	 combinations	 that	 may	
strengthen	 their	 existing	 business	 services	 or	 create	 new	 payment	 products	 and	 services	 that	 compete	 with	 our	 products	 and	
services.

Our	failure	to	compete	effectively	against	any	of	the	foregoing	competitive	threats	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	
business	and	results	of	operations.

Continued	intense	pricing	pressure	may	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

In	order	to	increase	transaction	volumes,	enter	new	markets	and	expand	our	products	and	services,	we	seek	to	enter	into	business	
agreements	with	customers	through	which	we	offer	incentives,	pricing	discounts	and	other	support	that	promote	our	products.		In	
order	 to	 stay	 competitive,	 we	 may	 have	 to	 increase	 the	 amount	 of	 these	 incentives	 and	 pricing	 discounts.	 	 We	 continue	 to	
experience	pricing	pressure.		The	demand	from	our	customers	for	better	pricing	arrangements	and	greater	rebates	and	incentives	
moderates	 our	 growth.	 	 We	 may	 not	 be	 able	 to	 continue	 our	 expansion	 strategy	 to	 switch	 additional	 transaction	 volumes	 or	 to	
provide	additional	services	to	our	customers	at	levels	sufficient	to	compensate	for	such	lower	fees	or	increased	costs	in	the	future,	
which	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.		In	addition,	increased	pressure	on	prices	
increases	the	importance	of	cost	containment	and	productivity	initiatives	in	areas	other	than	those	relating	to	customer	incentives.

In	the	future,	we	may	not	be	able	to	enter	into	agreements	with	our	customers	if	they	require	terms	that	we	are	unable	or	unwilling	
to	offer,	and	we	may	be	required	to	modify	existing	agreements	in	order	to	maintain	relationships	and	to	compete	with	others	in	the	
industry.		Some	of	our	competitors	are	larger	with	greater	financial	resources	and	accordingly	may	be	able	to	charge	lower	prices	to	
our	 customers.	 	 In	 addition,	 to	 the	 extent	 that	 we	 offer	 discounts	 or	 incentives	 under	 such	 agreements,	 we	 will	 need	 to	 further	
increase	transaction	volumes	or	the	amount	of	services	provided	thereunder	in	order	to	benefit	incrementally	from	such	agreements	
and	to	increase	revenue	and	profit,	and	we	may	not	be	successful	in	doing	so,	particularly	in	the	current	regulatory	environment.		
Our	 customers	 also	 may	 implement	 cost	 reduction	 initiatives	 that	 reduce	 or	 eliminate	 payment	 product	 marketing	 or	 increase	
requests	for	greater	incentives	or	greater	cost	stability.		These	factors	could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	overall	business	
and	results	of	operations.

Additionally,	 we	 face	 pricing	 pressure	 related	 to	 real-time	 account-based	 payment	 schemes	 and	 cross-border	 payments.	 	 These	
pressures	include	the	increased	use	of	domestic	real-time	account-based	payment	schemes	offering	increasingly	lower	or	subsidized	
pricing	 for	 P2M	 transactions	 as	 well	 as	 continued	 downward	 pressure	 on	 pricing	 for	 cross-border	 payments	 resulting	 from	
competition	from	real-time	account-based	payment	schemes	and	from	initiatives	to	lower	the	cost	of	cross-border	payments	to	end	
users	(such	as	the	G20	Roadmap	for	Enhancing	Cross-border	Payments).		These	factors	could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	
overall	business	and	results	of	operations.	

Rapid	 and	 significant	 technological	 developments	 and	 changes	 could	 negatively	 impact	 our	 overall	 business	 and	 results	 of	
operations	or	limit	our	future	growth.

The	payments	industry	is	subject	to	rapid	and	significant	technological	changes,	which	can	impact	our	business	in	several	ways:

•

Technological	changes,	including	continuing	developments	of	technologies	in	the	areas	of	smart	cards	and	devices,	contactless	
and	 mobile	 payments,	 e-commerce,	 cryptocurrency	 and	 blockchain	 technology,	 machine	 learning	 and	 AI,	 could	 result	 in	 new	
technologies	 that	 may	 be	 superior	 to,	 or	 render	 obsolete,	 the	 technologies	 we	 currently	 use	 in	 our	 programs	 and	 services.		
Moreover,	these	changes	could	result	in	new	and	innovative	payment	methods	and	products	that	could	place	us	at	a	competitive	
disadvantage	and	that	could	reduce	the	use	of	our	products.

• We	rely	in	part	on	third	parties	(including	some	of	our	competitors	and	potential	competitors)	for	the	development	of	and	access	
to	new	technologies.		The	inability	of	these	companies	to	keep	pace	with	technological	developments,	or	the	acquisition	of	these	
companies	by	competitors,	could	negatively	impact	our	offerings.

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ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

• Our	ability	to	develop	and	adopt	new	services	and	technologies	may	be	inhibited	by	industry-wide	solutions	and	standards	(such	
as	those	related	to	EMV,	tokenization	or	other	safety	and	security	technologies),	and	by	resistance	from	customers	or	merchants	
to	such	changes.

• Our	 ability	 to	 develop	 evolving	 systems	 and	 products	 may	 be	 inhibited	 by	 any	 difficulty	 we	 may	 experience	 in	 attracting	 and	

retaining	employees	with	technology	expertise.

• Our	ability	to	adopt	these	technologies	can	also	be	inhibited	by	intellectual	property	rights	of	third	parties.		We	have	received,	
and	 we	 may	 in	 the	 future	 receive,	 notices	 or	 inquiries	 from	 patent	 holders	 (for	 example,	 other	 operating	 companies	 or	 non-
practicing	entities)	suggesting	that	we	may	be	infringing	certain	patents	or	that	we	need	to	license	the	use	of	their	patents	to	
avoid	infringement.		Such	notices	may,	among	other	things,	threaten	litigation	against	us	or	our	customers	or	demand	significant	
license	fees.

• Our	ability	to	develop	new	technologies	and	reflect	technological	changes	in	our	payments	offerings	requires	resources,	which	

has	resulted	in	and	may	further	result	in	additional	expenses.

• We	work	with	fintechs,	technology	companies	(such	as	digital	players	and	mobile	providers)	and	traditional	customers	that	use	
our	technology	to	enhance	payment	safety	and	security	and	to	deliver	their	payment-related	products	and	services	quickly	and	
efficiently	to	consumers.		Our	inability	to	keep	pace	technologically	could	negatively	impact	the	willingness	of	these	customers	to	
work	with	us,	and	could	encourage	them	to	use	their	own	technology	and	compete	against	us.

• Regulatory	or	government	requirements	have	and	could	continue	to	require	us	to	host	and	deliver	certain	products	and	services	
on-soil	in	certain	markets,	requiring	us	to	alter	our	technology	and	delivery	model,	potentially	resulting	in	additional	expenses.		

• Various	 central	 banks	 are	 experimenting	 with	 digital	 currencies	 called	 Central	 Bank	 Digital	 Currencies	 (CBDCs).	 CBDCs	 may	 be	
launched	with	their	own	networks	to	transfer	money	between	participants.		Policy	and	design	considerations	that	governments	
adopt	could	impact	the	extent	of	our	role	in	facilitating	CBDC-based	payment	transactions,	potentially	impacting	the	transactions	
that	we	may	process	over	our	network.	

We	cannot	predict	the	effect	of	future	technological	changes	on	our	business,	and	our	future	success	will	depend,	in	part,	on	our	
ability	 to	 anticipate,	 develop	 or	 adapt	 to	 technological	 changes	 and	 evolving	 industry	 standards.	 	 Failure	 to	 keep	 pace	 with	 these	
technological	developments	or	otherwise	bring	to	market	products	that	reflect	these	technologies	could	lead	to	a	decline	in	the	use	
of	our	products,	which	could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

Operating	a	real-time	account-based	payments	network	presents	risks	that	could	materially	affect	our	business.

U.K.	 regulators	 have	 designated	 Vocalink,	 our	 real-time	 account-based	 payments	 network	 platform,	 to	 be	 a	 “specified	 service	
provider”	and	regulators	in	other	countries	may	in	the	future	expand	their	regulatory	oversight	of	real-time	account-based	payments	
systems	 in	 similar	 ways.	 	 In	 addition,	 any	 prolonged	 service	 outage	 on	 this	 network	 could	 result	 in	 quickly	 escalating	 impacts,	
including	potential	intervention	by	the	Bank	of	England	and	significant	reputational	risk	to	Vocalink	and	us.		For	a	discussion	of	the	
regulatory	risks	related	to	our	real-time	account-based	payments	platform	and	oversight	by	regulators,	see	our	risk	factor	in	“Risk	
Factors	-	Payments	Industry	Regulation”	in	this	Part	I,	Item	1A.		Furthermore,	the	complexity	of	this	payment	technology	requires	
careful	 management	 to	 address	 security	 vulnerabilities	 that	 are	 different	 from	 those	 faced	 on	 our	 core	 payment	 network.		
Operational	 difficulties,	 such	 as	 the	 temporary	 unavailability	 of	 our	 services	 or	 products,	 or	 security	 breaches	 on	 our	 real-time	
account-based	payments	network	could	cause	a	loss	of	business	for	these	products	and	services,	result	in	potential	liability	for	us	
and	adversely	affect	our	reputation.

Working	 with	 new	 customers	 and	 end	 users	 as	 we	 expand	 our	 multi-rail	 solutions	 and	 integrated	 products	 and	 services	 can	
present	operational	and	onboarding	challenges,	be	costly	and	result	in	reputational	damage	if	the	new	products	or	services	do	not	
perform	as	intended.

The	payments	markets	in	which	we	compete	are	characterized	by	rapid	technological	change,	new	product	introductions,	evolving	
industry	 standards	 and	 changing	 customer	 and	 consumer	 needs.	 	 In	 order	 to	 remain	 competitive	 and	 meet	 the	 needs	 of	 the	
payments	markets,	we	are	continually	involved	in	developing	complex	multi-rail	solutions	and	diversifying	our	integrated	products	
and	services.		These	efforts	carry	the	risks	associated	with	any	diversification	initiative,	including	cost	overruns,	delays	in	delivery	and	
performance	 problems.	 	 These	 projects	 also	 carry	 risks	 associated	 with	 working	 with	 different	 types	 of	 customers,	 for	 example	
organizations	such	as	corporations	that	are	not	financial	institutions	and	non-governmental	organizations	(“NGOs”),	and	end	users	
other	than	those	we	have	traditionally	worked	with.		These	differences	may	present	new	operational	challenges	in	the	development	
and	implementation	of	our	new	products	or	services.		These	new	customers	are	typically	less	regulated,	and	as	a	result,	enhanced	
infrastructure	and	monitoring	is	required.

32					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

Our	 failure	 to	 effectively	 design	 and	 deliver	 these	 multi-rail	 solutions	 and	 integrated	 products	 and	 services	 could	 make	 our	 other	
offerings	 less	 desirable	 to	 these	 customers,	 or	 put	 us	 at	 a	 competitive	 disadvantage.	 	 In	 addition,	 if	 there	 is	 a	 delay	 in	 the	
implementation	 of	 our	 products	 or	 services	 (which	 could	 include	 compliance	 obligations,	 such	 as	 AML	 and	 CFT,	 and	 licensing	
requirements	for	our	products	and	services	that	operate	under	regulatory	licenses),	if	our	products	or	services	do	not	perform	as	
anticipated,	or	we	are	unable	to	otherwise	adequately	anticipate	risks	related	to	new	types	of	customers,	we	could	face	additional	
regulatory	scrutiny,	fines,	sanctions	or	other	penalties,	which	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	
operations,	as	well	as	negatively	impact	our	brand	and	reputation.

Information	Security	and	Operational	Resilience

Information	security	incidents	or	account	data	compromise	events	could	disrupt	our	business,	damage	our	reputation,	increase	
our	costs	and	cause	losses.

Information	security	risks	for	payments	and	technology	companies	such	as	ours	have	significantly	increased	in	recent	years	in	part	
because	of	the	proliferation	of	new	technologies,	the	use	of	the	Internet	and	telecommunications	technologies	to	conduct	financial	
transactions,	and	the	increased	sophistication	and	activities	of	organized	crime,	hackers,	terrorists	and	other	external	parties.		These	
threats	may	derive	from	fraud	or	malice	on	the	part	of	our	employees	or	third	parties,	or	may	result	from	human	error	or	accidental	
technological	failure.		These	threats	include	cyber-attacks	such	as	computer	viruses,	malicious	code	(including	ransomware),	phishing	
attacks	 or	 information	 security	 breaches	 and	 could	 lead	 to	 the	 misappropriation	 of	 consumer	 account	 and	 other	 information	 and	
identity	theft.		These	types	of	threats	have	risen	significantly	due	to	a	significant	portion	of	our	workforce	working	in	a	remote	or	
hybrid	environment.

Our	 operations	 rely	 on	 the	 secure	 processing,	 transmission	 and	 storage	 of	 confidential,	 proprietary	 and	 other	 information	 and	
technology	in	our	computer	systems	and	networks,	as	well	as	the	systems	of	our	third-party	providers.		Our	customers	and	other	
parties	in	the	payments	value	chain,	as	well	as	account	holders,	rely	on	our	digital	technologies,	computer	systems,	software	and	
networks	 to	 conduct	 their	 operations.	 	 In	 addition,	 to	 access	 our	 integrated	 products	 and	 services,	 our	 customers	 and	 account	
holders	increasingly	use	personal	smartphones,	tablet	PCs	and	other	mobile	devices	that	may	be	beyond	our	control.		We,	like	other	
financial	technology	organizations,	routinely	are	subject	to	cyber-threats	and	our	technologies,	systems	and	networks,	as	well	as	the	
systems	of	our	third-party	providers,	have	been	subject	to	attempted	cyber-attacks.		Because	of	our	position	in	the	payments	value	
chain,	 we	 believe	 that	 we	 are	 likely	 to	 continue	 to	 be	 a	 target	 of	 such	 threats	 and	 attacks.	 	 In	 response	 to	 U.S.	 and	 European	
sanctions	 against	 Russia	 earlier	 this	 year,	 we	 saw	 increased	 information	 security	 threats	 from	 state	 sponsored	 actors.	 	 Other	
geopolitical	 events	 and	 resulting	 government	 activity	 could	 also	 lead	 to	 information	 security	 threats	 and	 attacks	 by	 affected	 or	
sympathizing	jurisdictions	or	other	actors,	which	could	put	our	information	and	assets	at	risk,	as	well	as	result	in	network	disruption.		

To	date,	we	have	not	experienced	any	material	impact	relating	to	cyber-attacks	or	other	information	security	breaches.		However,	
future	 attacks	 or	 breaches	 could	 lead	 to	 security	 breaches	 of	 the	 networks,	 systems	 (including	 third-party	 provider	 systems)	 or	
devices	 that	 our	 customers	 use	 to	 access	 our	 integrated	 products	 and	 services,	 which	 in	 turn	 could	 result	 in	 the	 unauthorized	
disclosure,	release,	gathering,	monitoring,	misuse,	loss	or	destruction	of	confidential,	proprietary	and	other	information	(including	
account	 data	 information)	 or	 data	 security	 compromises.	 	 Such	 attacks	 or	 breaches	 could	 also	 cause	 service	 interruptions,	
malfunctions	or	other	failures	in	the	physical	infrastructure	or	operations	systems	that	support	our	businesses	and	customers	(such	
as	the	lack	of	availability	of	our	value-added	services),	as	well	as	the	operations	of	our	customers	or	other	third	parties.		In	addition,	
they	 could	 lead	 to	 damage	 to	 our	 reputation	 with	 our	 customers,	 other	 stakeholders	 and	 the	 broader	 payments	 ecosystem,	
additional	costs	to	us	(such	as	repairing	systems,	adding	new	personnel	or	protection	technologies	or	compliance	costs),	regulatory	
penalties,	financial	losses	to	both	us	and	our	customers	and	partners	and	the	loss	of	customers	and	business	opportunities.		These	
consequences	could	be	further	pronounced	in	jurisdictions	in	which	we	are	deemed	critical	national	infrastructure.		If	such	attacks	
are	not	detected	immediately,	their	effect	could	be	compounded.

Despite	various	mitigation	efforts	that	we	undertake,	there	can	be	no	assurance	that	we	will	be	immune	to	these	risks	and	not	suffer	
material	breaches	and	resulting	losses	in	the	future,	or	that	our	insurance	coverage	would	be	sufficient	to	cover	all	losses.		Our	risk	
and	 exposure	 to	 these	 matters	 remain	 heightened	 because	 of,	 among	 other	 things,	 the	 evolving	 nature	 of	 these	 threats,	 our	
prominent	 size	 and	 scale	 and	 our	 role	 in	 the	 global	 payments	 and	 technology	 industries,	 our	 plans	 to	 continue	 to	 implement	 our	
digital	 and	 mobile	 channel	 strategies	 and	 develop	 additional	 remote	 connectivity	 solutions	 to	 serve	 our	 customers	 and	 account	
holders	 when	 and	 how	 they	 want	 to	 be	 served,	 our	 global	 presence,	 our	 extensive	 use	 of	 third-party	 vendors	 and	 future	 joint	
venture	 and	 merger	 and	 acquisition	 opportunities.	 	 As	 a	 result,	 information	 security	 and	 the	 continued	 development	 and	
enhancement	 of	 our	 controls,	 processes	 and	 practices	 designed	 to	 protect	 our	 systems,	 computers,	 software,	 data	 and	 networks	
from	attack,	damage	or	unauthorized	access	remain	a	priority	for	us.		As	cyber-threats	continue	to	evolve,	we	may	be	required	to	
expend	significant	additional	resources	to	continue	to	modify	or	enhance	our	protective	measures	or	to	investigate	and	remediate	
any	information	security	vulnerabilities.		Any	of	the	risks	described	above	could	materially	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	
results	of	operations.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					33

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

In	 addition	 to	 information	 security	 risks	 for	 our	 systems,	 we	 also	 routinely	 encounter	 account	 data	 compromise	 events	 involving	
merchants	 and	 third-party	 payment	 processors	 that	 process,	 store	 or	 transmit	 payment	 transaction	 data,	 which	 affect	 millions	 of	
Mastercard,	 Visa,	 Discover,	 American	 Express	 and	 other	 types	 of	 account	 holders.	 	 Further	 events	 of	 this	 type	 may	 subject	 us	 to	
reputational	 damage	 and/or	 lawsuits	 involving	 payment	 products	 carrying	 our	 brands.	 	 Damage	 to	 our	 reputation	 or	 that	 of	 our	
brands	 resulting	 from	 an	 account	 data	 breach	 of	 either	 our	 systems	 or	 the	 systems	 of	 our	 customers,	 merchants	 and	 other	 third	
parties	could	decrease	the	use	and	acceptance	of	our	integrated	products	and	services.		Such	events	could	also	slow	or	reverse	the	
trend	 toward	 electronic	 payments.	 	 In	 addition	 to	 reputational	 concerns,	 the	 cumulative	 impact	 of	 multiple	 account	 data	
compromise	 events	 could	 increase	 the	 impact	 of	 the	 fraud	 resulting	 from	 such	 events	 by,	 among	 other	 things,	 making	 it	 more	
difficult	 to	 identify	 consumers.	 	 Moreover,	 while	 most	 of	 the	 lawsuits	 resulting	 from	 account	 data	 breaches	 do	 not	 involve	 direct	
claims	against	us	and	while	we	have	releases	from	many	issuers	and	acquirers,	we	could	still	face	damage	claims,	which,	if	upheld,	
could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	results	of	operations.		Such	events	could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	transaction	
volumes,	 results	 of	 operations	 and	 prospects	 for	 future	 growth,	 or	 increase	 our	 costs	 by	 leading	 to	 additional	 regulatory	 burdens	
being	imposed	on	us.

Service	 disruptions	 that	 cause	 us	 to	 be	 unable	 to	 process	 transactions	 or	 service	 our	 customers	 could	 reduce	 our	 operational	
resilience	and	materially	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

Our	 transaction	 switching	 systems	 and	 other	 offerings	 have	 experienced	 in	 limited	 instances	 and	 may	 continue	 to	 experience	
interruptions	 as	 a	 result	 of	 technology	 malfunctions,	 fire,	 weather	 events,	 power	 outages,	 telecommunications	 disruptions,	
terrorism,	workplace	violence,	accidents	or	other	catastrophic	events	(including	those	related	to	climate	change).		Our	visibility	in	
the	global	payments	industry	may	also	put	us	at	greater	risk	of	attack	by	terrorists,	activists,	or	hackers	who	intend	to	disrupt	our	
facilities	and/or	systems.		Additionally,	we	rely	on	third-party	service	providers	for	the	timely	transmission	of	information	across	our	
global	 data	 network.	 	 Inadequate	 infrastructure	 in	 lesser-developed	 markets	 could	 also	 result	 in	 service	 disruptions,	 which	 could	
impact	our	ability	to	do	business	in	those	markets.		If	one	of	our	service	providers	fails	to	provide	the	communications	capacity	or	
services	we	require,	as	a	result	of	natural	disaster,	operational	disruptions,	terrorism,	hacking	or	any	other	reason,	the	failure	could	
interrupt	our	services.		Although	we	maintain	an	enterprise	resiliency	program	to	analyze	risk,	assess	potential	impacts,	and	develop	
effective	 response	 strategies,	 we	 cannot	 ensure	 that	 our	 business	 would	 be	 immune	 to	 these	 risks,	 because	 of	 the	 intrinsic	
importance	of	our	switching	systems	to	our	business,	any	interruption	or	degradation	could	adversely	affect	the	perception	of	the	
reliability	of	products	carrying	our	brands	and	materially	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	our	results	of	operations.

Stakeholder	Relationships

Losing	a	significant	portion	of	business	from	one	or	more	of	our	largest	customers	could	lead	to	significant	revenue	decreases	in	
the	longer	term,	which	could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	business	and	our	results	of	operations.

Many	of	our	customer	relationships	are	not	exclusive.		Our	customers	can	reassess	their	future	commitments	to	us	subject	to	the	
terms	of	our	contracts,	and	they	separately	may	develop	their	own	services	that	compete	with	ours.		Our	business	agreements	with	
these	customers	may	not	ultimately	reduce	the	risk	inherent	in	our	business	that	customers	may	terminate	their	relationships	with	
us	in	favor	of	relationships	with	our	competitors,	or	for	other	reasons,	or	might	not	meet	their	contractual	obligations	to	us.

In	addition,	a	significant	portion	of	our	revenue	is	concentrated	among	our	five	largest	customers.		Loss	of	business	from	any	of	our	
large	customers	could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

Exclusive/near	exclusive	relationships	certain	customers	have	with	our	competitors	may	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	
business.	

While	 we	 have	 exclusive,	 or	 nearly-exclusive,	 relationships	 with	 certain	 of	 our	 customers	 to	 issue	 payment	 products,	 other	
customers	have	similar	exclusive,	or	nearly-exclusive,	relationships	with	our	competitors.		These	relationships	may	make	it	difficult	
or	cost-prohibitive	for	us	to	do	significant	amounts	of	business	with	these	customers	to	increase	our	revenues.		In	addition,	these	
customers	may	be	more	successful	and	may	grow	faster	than	the	customers	that	primarily	issue	our	payment	products,	which	could	
put	us	at	a	competitive	disadvantage.		Furthermore,	we	earn	substantial	revenue	from	customers	with	nearly-exclusive	relationships	
with	our	competitors.		Such	relationships	could	provide	advantages	to	the	customers	to	shift	business	from	us	to	the	competitors	
with	which	they	are	principally	aligned.		A	significant	loss	of	our	existing	revenue	or	transaction	volumes	from	these	customers	could	
have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	business.

34					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

Consolidation	amongst	our	customers	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

Our	 customers’	 industries	 have	 undergone	 substantial,	 accelerated	 consolidation	 in	 the	 past.	 	 These	 consolidations	 have	 included	
customers	 with	 a	 substantial	 Mastercard	 portfolio	 being	 acquired	 by	 institutions	 with	 a	 strong	 relationship	 with	 a	 competitor.	 	 If	
significant	consolidation	among	customers	were	to	continue,	it	could	result	in	the	substantial	loss	of	business	for	us,	which	could	
have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	business	and	prospects.		In	addition,	one	or	more	of	our	customers	could	seek	to	merge	with,	
or	 acquire,	 one	 of	 our	 competitors,	 and	 any	 such	 transaction	 could	 also	 have	 a	 material	 adverse	 impact	 on	 our	 overall	 business.		
Consolidation	 could	 also	 produce	 a	 smaller	 number	 of	 large	 customers,	 which	 could	 increase	 their	 bargaining	 power	 and	 lead	 to	
lower	prices	and/or	more	favorable	terms	for	our	customers.		These	developments	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	results	
of	operations.

Our	business	significantly	depends	on	the	continued	success	and	competitiveness	of	our	issuing	and	acquiring	customers	and,	in	
many	jurisdictions,	their	ability	to	effectively	manage	or	help	manage	our	brands.

While	 we	 work	 directly	 with	 many	 stakeholders	 in	 the	 payments	 system,	 including	 merchants,	 governments,	 fintechs	 and	 large	
digital	 companies	 and	 other	 technology	 companies,	 we	 are,	 and	 will	 continue	 to	 be,	 significantly	 dependent	 on	 our	 relationships	
with	our	issuers	and	acquirers	and	their	respective	relationships	with	account	holders	and	merchants	to	support	our	programs	and	
services.		Furthermore,	we	depend	on	our	issuing	partners	and	acquirers	to	continue	to	innovate	to	maintain	competitiveness	in	the	
market.		We	do	not	issue	cards	or	other	payment	devices,	extend	credit	to	account	holders	or	determine	the	interest	rates	or	other	
fees	charged	to	account	holders.		Each	issuer	determines	these	and	most	other	competitive	payment	program	features.		In	addition,	
we	 do	 not	 establish	 the	 discount	 rate	 that	 merchants	 are	 charged	 for	 acceptance,	 which	 is	 the	 responsibility	 of	 our	 acquiring	
customers.		As	a	result,	our	business	significantly	depends	on	the	continued	success	and	competitiveness	of	our	issuing	and	acquiring	
customers	and	the	strength	of	 our	relationships	with	them.	 	 In	 turn,	our	customers’	success	depends	on	a	variety	of	factors	over	
which	 we	 have	 little	 or	 no	 influence,	 including	 economic	 conditions	 in	 global	 financial	 markets	 or	 their	 disintermediation	 by	
competitors	or	emerging	technologies,	as	well	as	regulation.		If	our	customers	become	financially	unstable,	we	may	lose	revenue	or	
we	may	be	exposed	to	settlement	risk.		See	our	risk	factor	in	“Risk	Factors	-	Settlement	and	Third-Party	Obligations”	in	this	Part	I,	
Item	1A	with	respect	to	how	we	guarantee	certain	third-party	obligations	for	further	discussion.

With	the	exception	of	the	United	States	and	a	select	number	of	other	jurisdictions,	most	in-country	(as	opposed	to	cross-border)	
transactions	conducted	using	Mastercard,	Maestro	and	Cirrus	cards	are	authorized,	cleared	and	settled	by	our	customers	or	other	
processors.		Because	we	do	not	provide	domestic	switching	services	in	these	countries	and	do	not,	as	described	above,	have	direct	
relationships	 with	 account	 holders,	 we	 depend	 on	 our	 close	 working	 relationships	 with	 our	 customers	 to	 effectively	 manage	 our	
brands,	and	the	perception	of	our	payments	system,	among	consumers	in	these	countries.		We	also	rely	on	these	customers	to	help	
manage	our	brands	and	perception	among	regulators	and	merchants	in	these	countries,	alongside	our	own	relationships	with	them.		
From	 time	 to	 time,	 our	 customers	 may	 take	 actions	 that	 we	 do	 not	 believe	 to	 be	 in	 the	 best	 interests	 of	 our	 payments	 system	
overall,	which	may	materially	and	adversely	impact	our	business.

Merchants’	 continued	 focus	 on	 acceptance	 costs	 may	 lead	 to	 additional	 litigation	 and	 regulatory	 proceedings	 and	 increase	 our	
incentive	program	costs,	which	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	profitability.

Merchants	 are	 important	 constituents	 in	 our	 payments	 system.	 	 We	 rely	 on	 both	 our	 relationships	 with	 them,	 as	 well	 as	 their	
relationships	with	our	issuer	and	acquirer	customers,	to	continue	to	expand	the	acceptance	of	our	integrated	products	and	services.		
We	 also	 work	 with	 merchants	 to	 help	 them	 enable	 new	 sales	 channels,	 create	 better	 purchase	 experiences,	 improve	 efficiencies,	
increase	 revenues	 and	 fight	 fraud.	 	 In	 the	 retail	 industry,	 there	 is	 a	 set	 of	 larger	 merchants	 with	 increasingly	 global	 scope	 and	
influence	that	we	believe	are	having	a	significant	impact	on	all	participants	in	the	global	payments	industry,	including	Mastercard.		
Some	large	merchants	have	supported	the	legal,	regulatory	and	legislative	challenges	to	interchange	fees	that	Mastercard	has	been	
defending,	 including	 the	 U.S.	 merchant	 litigations.	 	 Some	 merchants	 are	 increasingly	 asking	 regulators	 to	 review	 and	 potentially	
regulate	our	own	network	fees,	in	addition	to	interchange.		See	our	risk	factor	in	“Risk	Factors	–	Other	Regulation”	in	this	Part	I,	Item	
1A	 with	 respect	 to	 payments	 industry	 regulation,	 including	 interchange	 fees.	 	 The	 continued	 focus	 of	 merchants	 on	 the	 costs	 of	
accepting	various	forms	of	payment,	including	in	connection	with	the	growth	of	digital	payments,	may	lead	to	additional	litigation	
and	regulatory	proceedings.

Certain	 larger	 merchants	 are	 also	 able	 to	 negotiate	 incentives	 from	 us	 and	 pricing	 concessions	 from	 our	 issuer	 and	 acquirer	
customers	as	a	condition	to	accepting	our	products.		We	also	make	payments	to	certain	merchants	to	incentivize	them	to	create	co-
branded	payment	programs	with	us.		As	merchants	consolidate	and	become	even	larger,	we	may	have	to	increase	the	amount	of	
incentives	that	we	provide	to	certain	merchants,	which	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	results	of	operations.		Competitive	
and	 regulatory	 pressures	 on	 pricing	 could	 make	 it	 difficult	 to	 offset	 the	 costs	 of	 these	 incentives.	 	 Additionally,	 if	 the	 rate	 of	
merchant	acceptance	growth	slows	our	business	could	suffer.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					35

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

Our	 work	 with	 governments	 exposes	 us	 to	 unique	 risks	 that	 could	 have	 a	 material	 impact	 on	 our	 business	 and	 results	 of	
operations.

As	 we	 increase	 our	 work	 with	 national,	 state	 and	 local	 governments,	 both	 indirectly	 through	 financial	 institutions	 and	 with	 them	
directly	as	our	customers,	we	may	face	various	risks	inherent	in	associating	or	contracting	directly	with	governments.		These	risks	
include,	but	are	not	limited	to,	the	following:

• Governmental	entities	typically	fund	projects	through	appropriated	monies.		Changes	in	governmental	priorities	or	other	political	
developments,	 including	 disruptions	 in	 governmental	 operations,	 could	 impact	 approved	 funding	 and	 result	 in	 changes	 in	 the	
scope,	or	lead	to	the	termination,	of	the	arrangements	or	contracts	we	or	financial	institutions	enter	into	with	respect	to	our	
payment	products	and	services.

• Our	 work	 with	 governments	 subjects	 us	 to	 U.S.	 and	 international	 anti-corruption	 laws,	 including	 the	 U.S.	 Foreign	 Corrupt	
Practices	Act	and	the	U.K.	Bribery	Act.		A	violation	and	subsequent	judgment	or	settlement	under	these	laws	could	subject	us	to	
substantial	monetary	penalties	and	damages	and	have	a	significant	reputational	impact.

• Working	or	contracting	with	governments,	either	directly	or	via	our	financial	institution	customers,	can	subject	us	to	heightened	
reputational	risks,	including	extensive	scrutiny	and	publicity,	as	well	as	a	potential	association	with	the	policies	of	a	government	
as	a	result	of	a	business	arrangement	with	that	government.		Any	negative	publicity	or	negative	association	with	a	government	
entity,	regardless	of	its	accuracy,	may	adversely	affect	our	reputation.

Global	Economic	and	Political	Environment

Global	economic,	political,	financial	and	societal	events	or	conditions	could	result	in	a	material	and	adverse	impact	on	our	overall	
business	and	results	of	operations.

Adverse	 economic	 trends.	 	 Adverse	 economic	 trends	 in	 key	 countries	 in	 which	 we	 operate	 may	 adversely	 affect	 our	 financial	
performance.		Such	impact	may	include,	but	is	not	limited	to,	the	following:

• Customers	 mitigating	 their	 economic	 exposure	 by	 limiting	 the	 issuance	 of	 new	 Mastercard	 products	 and	 requesting	 greater	

incentive	or	greater	cost	stability	from	us		

• Consumers	and	businesses	lowering	spending,	which	could	impact	domestic	and	cross-border	spend

• Government	 intervention	 (including	 the	 effect	 of	 laws,	 regulations	 and/or	 government	 investments	 on	 or	 in	 our	 financial	
institution	customers),	as	well	as	uncertainty	due	to	changing	political	regimes	in	executive,	legislative	and/or	judicial	branches	of	
government,	that	may	have	potential	negative	effects	on	our	business	and	our	relationships	with	customers	or	otherwise	alter	
their	strategic	direction	away	from	our	products

•

Tightening	of	credit	availability	that	could	impact	the	ability	of	participating	financial	institutions	to	lend	to	us	under	the	terms	of	
our	credit	facility

Cross-border	 transactions.	 	 We	 switch	 substantially	 all	 cross-border	 transactions	 using	 Mastercard,	 Maestro	 and	 Cirrus-branded	
cards	 and	 generate	 a	 significant	 amount	 of	 revenue	 from	 cross-border	 volume	 fees	 and	 fees	 related	 to	 switched	 transactions.		
Revenue	 from	 switching	 cross-border	 and	 currency	 conversion	 transactions	 for	 our	 customers	 fluctuates	 with	 the	 levels	 and	
destinations	of	cross-border	travel	and	our	customers’	need	for	transactions	to	be	converted	into	their	base	currency.		Cross-border	
activity	 has,	 and	 may	 continue	 to	 be,	 adversely	 affected	 by	 world	 geopolitical,	 economic,	 health,	 weather	 and	 other	 conditions.		
These	include	COVID-19,	as	well	as	the	threat	of	terrorism	and	separate	outbreaks	of	flu,	viruses	and	other	diseases	(any	of	which	
could	result	in	future	epidemics	or	pandemics),	as	well	as	major	environmental	and	extreme	weather	events,	including	those	related	
to	climate	change.		The	impact	of	and	uncertainty	that	could	result	from	any	of	these	events	or	factors	could	ultimately	decrease	
cross-border	 activity.	 	 Additionally,	 any	 regulation	 of	 interregional	 interchange	 fees	 could	 also	 negatively	 impact	 our	 cross-border	
activity	(for	example,	the	targets	announced	by	the	G20	Financial	Stability	Board	related	to	cross-border	payments).		In	each	case,	
decreased	cross-border	activity	could	decrease	the	revenue	we	receive.		

Russia’s	 invasion	 of	 Ukraine.	 	 In	 response	 to	 the	 Russian	 invasion	 of	 Ukraine,	 the	 United	 States,	 the	 European	 Union	 and	 other	
governments	 imposed	 sanctions	 and	 other	 restrictive	 measures	 on	 certain	 Russian-related	 entities	 and	 individuals	 and	 we	
suspended	our	business	operations	in	Russia.		We	have	experienced	loss	of	revenue	in	this	fast-growing	market	as	a	result	of	both	
the	 implementation	 of	 sanctions	 and	 the	 suspension	 of	 our	 business	 operations,	 as	 well	 as	 related	 impacts	 in	 Ukraine	 and	
throughout	the	region.		Future	developments	(including	the	expansion	or	extension	of	the	war,	future	sanctions	and/or	actions	taken	
by	others	globally,	and	other	macroeconomic	factors)	could	result	in	further	negative	impacts	on	our	business	and	financial	results.		
As	customers,	merchants	and	other	business	partners	are	impacted	by	the	invasion,	it	can	further	negatively	affect	the	environment	
in	which	we	operate.		Moreover,	our	compliance	with	sanctions	and	our	decision	to	suspend	business	operations	has	led,	and	could	
further	lead,	to	other	legal	ramifications	and	operational	challenges,	including	fines,	the	nationalization	of	our	subsidiary	and	any	
resulting	impacts,	and/or	lawsuits.

36					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

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ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

Standards.		Our	operations	as	a	global	payments	network	rely	in	part	on	global	interoperable	standards	to	help	facilitate	safe	and	
simple	payments.		To	the	extent	geopolitical	events	result	in	jurisdictions	no	longer	participating	in	the	creation	or	adoption	of	these	
standards,	or	the	creation	of	competing	standards,	the	products	and	services	we	offer	could	be	negatively	impacted.

Any	of	these	developments	could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

The	global	COVID-19	pandemic	and	measures	taken	in	response	have	adversely	impacted	our	business,	results	of	operations	and	
financial	condition,	and	may	continue	to	do	so	depending	on	future	developments,	which	are	uncertain.	

While	 conditions	 related	 to	 the	 global	 COVID-19	 pandemic	 generally	 improved	 in	 2022,	 the	 pandemic	 continues	 to	 have	 negative	
effects	 on	 the	 global	 economy	 and	 has	 affected	 business	 activity,	 in	 particular,	 in	 areas	 such	 as	 travel	 and	 supply	 chains.	 	 These	
impacts	have	continued	to	adversely	impact	consumers,	our	customers,	suppliers	and	business	partners,	as	well	as	our	workforce.		
Governments,	businesses	and	consumers	continue	to	react	to	changing	conditions,	including	the	emergence	of	variants	of	the	virus,	
the	severity	of	infections	on	a	regional	basis	and	the	global	administration	of	vaccines	and	boosters.		Such	reactions	have	included	
tightening	or	loosening	safety	measures	and	border	restrictions	or	voluntarily	making	personal	safety	decisions,	as	applicable,	based	
on	the	current	environment	of	their	location.		

The	 COVID-19	 pandemic	 has	 adversely	 impacted	 our	 business,	 results	 of	 operations	 and	 financial	 condition.	 	 There	 are	 no	
comparable	recent	events	which	may	provide	guidance	as	to	the	future	effects	of	a	global	pandemic	such	as	COVID-19,	and,	as	a	
result,	the	ultimate	impact	of	this	pandemic	or	a	similar	health	epidemic	in	the	future	is	uncertain	and	subject	to	change.		The	full	
extent	to	which	the	COVID-19	pandemic,	and	measures	taken	in	response,	further	impacts	our	business,	results	of	operations	and	
financial	 condition	 will	 depend	 on	 future	 developments,	 which	 are	 uncertain,	 including,	 but	 not	 limited	 to,	 the	 duration	 of	 the	
pandemic	and	its	impact	on	the	global	economy,	including	the	extent	to	which	we	can	continue	to	progress	toward	and	maintain	
more	 consistent	 economic	 and	 operating	 conditions.	 	 Even	 after	 the	 COVID-19	 pandemic	 has	 subsided,	 we	 may	 continue	 to	
experience	 materially	 adverse	 impacts	 to	 our	 business	 and	 our	 results	 of	 operations	 as	 a	 result	 of	 its	 global	 economic	 impact,	
including	any	recession	that	has	occurred	or	may	occur	in	the	future.

Adverse	currency	fluctuations	and	foreign	exchange	controls	could	negatively	impact	our	results	of	operations.	

During	 2022,	 approximately	 67%	 of	 our	 revenue	 was	 generated	 from	 activities	 outside	 the	 United	 States.	 	 This	 revenue	 (and	 the	
related	expense)	could	be	transacted	in	a	non-functional	currency	or	valued	based	on	a	currency	other	than	the	functional	currency	
of	the	entity	generating	the	revenues.		Resulting	exchange	gains	and	losses	are	included	in	our	net	income.		Our	risk	management	
activities	provide	protection	with	respect	to	adverse	changes	in	the	value	of	only	a	limited	number	of	currencies	and	are	based	on	
estimates	of	exposures	to	these	currencies.	

In	addition,	some	of	the	revenue	we	generate	outside	the	United	States	is	subject	to	unpredictable	currency	fluctuations	including	
devaluation	 of	 currencies	 where	 the	 values	 of	 other	 currencies	 change	 relative	 to	 the	 U.S.	 dollar.	 	 If	 the	 U.S.	 dollar	 strengthens	
compared	to	currencies	in	which	we	generate	revenue,	this	revenue	may	be	translated	at	a	materially	lower	amount	than	expected.		
Furthermore,	 we	 may	 become	 subject	 to	 exchange	 control	 regulations	 that	 might	 restrict	 or	 prohibit	 the	 conversion	 of	 our	 other	
revenue	currencies	into	U.S.	dollars,	such	as	what	we	have	experienced	in	Venezuela.

The	occurrence	of	currency	fluctuations	or	exchange	controls	could	have	a	material	adverse	impact	on	our	results	of	operations.

Brand,	Reputational	Impact	and	ESG

Negative	brand	perception	may	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business.

Our	brands	and	their	attributes	are	key	assets	of	our	business.		The	ability	to	attract	consumers	to	our	branded	products	and	retain	
them	depends	upon	the	external	perception	of	us	and	our	industry:

• Our	business	may	be	affected	by	actions	taken	by	our	customers,	merchants	or	other	organizations	that	impact	the	perception	of	
our	brands	or	the	payments	industry	in	general.		From	time	to	time,	our	customers	may	take	actions	that	we	do	not	believe	to	be	
in	 the	 best	 interests	 of	 our	 brands,	 such	 as	 creditor	 practices	 that	 may	 be	 viewed	 as	 “predatory”.	 	 Moreover,	 adverse	
developments	with	respect	to	our	industry	or	the	industries	of	our	customers	or	other	companies	and	organizations	that	use	our	
products	and	services	(including	certain	legally	permissible	but	high-	risk	merchant	categories,	such	as	adult	content,	firearms,	
alcohol	and	tobacco)	may	also,	by	association,	impair	our	reputation,	or	result	in	greater	public,	regulatory	or	legislative	scrutiny,	
as	well	as	potential	litigation.		We	may	also	face	similar	scrutiny	to	the	extent	that	we	are	unable	to	detect	and/or	prevent	illegal	
activities	using	our	payment	products	or	otherwise	occurring	over	our	network.				

• We	have	been	pursuing	the	use	of	social	media	channels	at	an	increasingly	rapid	pace.		Under	some	circumstances,	our	use	of	
social	media,	or	the	use	of	social	media	by	others	as	a	channel	for	criticism	or	other	purposes,	could	also	cause	rapid,	widespread	
reputational	harm	to	our	brands	by	disseminating	rapidly	and	globally	actual	or	perceived	damaging	information	about	us,	our	
products	or	merchants	or	other	end	users	who	utilize	our	products.	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					37

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

• We	are	headquartered	in	the	United	States.		As	such,	a	negative	perception	of	the	United	States	could	impact	the	perception	of	

our	company,	which	could	adversely	affect	our	business.		

Any	of	the	above	issues	could	have	a	material	and	adverse	effect	on	our	overall	business.

Lack	of	visibility	of	our	brand	in	our	products	and	services,	or	in	the	products	and	services	of	our	partners	who	use	our	technology,	
may	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	business.		

As	more	players	enter	the	global	payments	ecosystem,	the	layers	between	our	brand	and	consumers	and	merchants	increase.		In	
order	to	compete	with	other	powerful	consumer	brands	that	are	also	becoming	part	of	the	consumer	payment	experience,	we	often	
partner	 with	 those	 brands	 on	 payment	 solutions.	 	 These	 brands	 include	 large	 digital	 companies	 and	 other	 technology	 companies	
who	are	our	customers	and	use	our	networks	to	build	their	own	acceptance	brands.		In	some	cases,	our	brand	may	not	be	featured	
in	 the	 payment	 solution	 or	 may	 be	 secondary	 to	 other	 brands.	 	 Additionally,	 as	 part	 of	 our	 relationships	 with	 some	 issuers,	 our	
payment	brand	is	only	included	on	the	back	of	the	card.		As	a	result,	our	brand	may	either	be	invisible	to	consumers	or	may	not	be	
the	primary	brand	with	which	consumers	associate	the	payment	experience.		This	brand	invisibility,	or	any	consumer	confusion	as	to	
our	role	in	the	consumer	payment	experience,	could	decrease	the	value	of	our	brand,	which	could	adversely	affect	our	business.	

ESG	 matters	 and	 related	 stakeholder	 reaction	 may	 impact	 our	 reputation,	 expose	 us	 to	 legal	 requirements	 and	 liability	 and/or	
have	other	business	impacts,	which	could	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and/or	results	of	operations.	

Our	 brand	 and	 reputation	 are	 associated	 with	 our	 public	 commitments	 to	 various	 ESG	 initiatives,	 including	 our	 goals	 relating	 to	
climate	 (e.g.,	 our	 commitment	 to	 achieve	 net-zero	 emissions	 by	 2040),	 financial	 inclusion,	 and	 diversity,	 equity	 and	 inclusion.		
Consumers,	investors,	employees	and	other	stakeholders	are	increasingly	focused	on	ESG	practices,	and	to	the	extent	any	of	our	ESG	
disclosures,	public	statements	and	metrics	are	subsequently	viewed	as	inaccurate,	or	we	are	unable	to	execute	on	our	sustainability	
initiatives,	 we	 may	 be	 viewed	 negatively	 by	 stakeholders	 concerned	 about	 these	 matters.	 	 These	 stakeholders	 may	 also	 have	 a	
negative	 view	 of	 us	 to	 the	 extent	 we	 have	 been	 or	 in	 the	 future	 are	 perceived	 to	 have	 not	 responded	 appropriately	 to	 growing	
concerns	with	respect	to	ESG	matters	or	take	or	do	not	take	positions	that	are	unpopular	with	them.	

In	 addition,	 various	 jurisdictions	 are	 increasingly	 adopting	 or	 considering	 laws	 and	 regulations	 that	 have	 or	 would	 impact	 us	
pertaining	 to	 ESG	 governance,	 strategy,	 risk	 management	 and	 metrics/targets.	 	 Regulations	 already	 adopted	 or	 being	 considered	
include	required	corporate	reporting	and	disclosures	on	specific	topics	(such	as	climate	and	human	rights)	as	well	as	broader	matters	
(such	as	other	environmental	matters,	treatment	of	employees	and	diversity	of	workforce).		These	requirements	would	likely	result	
in	increased	compliance	costs	for	our	business	and	supply	chain,	which	may	increase	our	operating	costs.		

Moreover,	as	governments,	investors	and	other	stakeholders	face	pressure	to	address	climate	change	and	other	ESG	matters,	these	
stakeholders	 may	 express	 new	 expectations	 and	 focus	 investments	 in	 ways	 that	 could	 cause	 significant	 shifts	 in	 commerce	 and	
consumption	behaviors.		The	impact	of	and	uncertainty	that	could	result	from	such	shifts	could	ultimately	impact	our	business.	

Any	of	the	above	issues	could	have	a	material	or	adverse	impact	to	our	overall	business	and/or	results	of	operations.

Talent	and	Culture

We	may	not	be	able	to	attract	and	retain	a	highly	qualified	and	diverse	workforce,	or	maintain	our	corporate	culture,	which	could	
harm	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

Our	 performance	 largely	 depends	 on	 the	 talents	 and	 efforts	 of	 our	 employees	 (including	 our	 people	 leaders),	 as	 well	 as	 the	
environment	 we	 create	 for	 them	 to	 enable	 them	 to	 perform	 their	 jobs	 effectively.	 	 The	 market	 for	 specialized	 skill-sets	 is	 highly	
competitive,	 particularly	 in	 technology	 and	 other	 areas	 that	 are	 important	 to	 the	 growth	 of	 our	 business.	 	 Our	 inability	 to	 meet	
candidate	demands	has	led	in	recent	years,	and	may	continue	to	lead,	to	an	increase	in	declined	offers.		In	addition,	high	inflation	
has	impacted	both	cost	structure	and	employee	demand	for	wage	growth,	which	may	lead	to	talent	attrition.		Moreover,	changes	in	
and	 enforcement	 of	 immigration	 and	 work	 permit	 laws	 and	 visa	 regulations	 have	 made	 it	 difficult	 for	 employees	 to	 work	 in,	 or	
transfer	among,	jurisdictions	where	we	operate,	potentially	impairing	our	ability	to	attract	and	retain	talent.		

In	 the	 wake	 of	 the	 global	 COVID-19	 pandemic	 and	 the	 influence	 of	 work	 flexibility	 on	 candidate	 decisions,	 we	 have	 adapted	 our	
policies	and	practices	to	allow	for	flexible	team-driven	work	arrangements	(including	both	remote	and	hybrid).		This	approach	may	
impact	the	nature	of	relationships	among	our	workforce,	which	in	turn	could	have	a	negative	impact	on	the	quality	of	our	corporate	
culture	and	our	ability	to	innovate.		To	the	extent	the	arrangements	we	provide	do	not	meet	candidate	or	employee	expectations	for	
flexibility,	this	could	also	impact	our	ability	to	attract	and	retain	talent.			

38					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

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ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

Failure	to	attract,	hire,	develop,	motivate	and	retain	highly	qualified	and	diverse	employee	talent	could	leave	us	vulnerable	to	not	
anticipating	or	identifying	emerging	customer	or	market	opportunities.		We	also	rely	on	our	people	leaders	to	display	integrity	and	
decency.		To	the	extent	our	leaders	behave	in	a	manner	that	is	not	consistent	with	our	values,	we	could	experience	significant	impact	
to	our	brand	and	reputation,	as	well	as	to	our	corporate	culture.

Any	one	or	more	of	the	above	could	harm	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.	

Acquisitions

Our	 efforts	 to	 enter	 into	 acquisitions,	 strategic	 investments	 or	 entry	 into	 new	 businesses	 could	 be	 impacted	 or	 prevented	 by	
regulatory	 scrutiny	 and	 could	 otherwise	 result	 in	 issues	 that	 could	 disrupt	 our	 business	 and	 harm	 our	 results	 of	 operations	 or	
reputation.

We	 continue	 to	 evaluate	 our	 strategic	 acquisitions	 of	 complementary	 businesses,	 products	 or	 technologies,	 as	 well	 as	 acquiring	
interests	in	related	joint	ventures	or	other	entities.		As	we	do	so,	we	face	increasing	regulatory	scrutiny	with	respect	to	antitrust,	
national	security	and	other	considerations	that	could	impact	these	efforts.		We	also	face	competition	for	acquisition	targets	due	to	
the	 nature	 of	 the	 market	 for	 technology	 companies.	 	 As	 a	 result,	 we	 could	 be	 prevented	 from	 successfully	 completing	 such	
acquisitions	in	the	future.		If	we	are	not	successful	in	these	efforts,	we	could	lose	strategic	opportunities	that	are	dependent,	in	part,	
on	inorganic	growth.		

To	the	extent	we	do	make	these	acquisitions,	we	may	not	be	able	to	successfully	partner	with	or	integrate	them,	despite	original	
intentions	and	focused	efforts.		In	addition,	such	an	integration	may	divert	management’s	time	and	resources	from	our	core	business	
and	disrupt	our	operations.		Moreover,	we	may	spend	time	and	money	on	acquisitions	or	projects	that	do	not	meet	our	expectations	
or	 increase	 our	 revenue.	 	 To	 the	 extent	 we	 pay	 the	 purchase	 price	 of	 any	 acquisition	 in	 cash,	 it	 would	 reduce	 our	 cash	 reserves	
available	to	us	for	other	uses,	and	to	the	extent	the	purchase	price	is	paid	with	our	stock,	it	could	be	dilutive	to	our	stockholders.		
Furthermore,	 we	 may	 inherit	 litigation	 risk	 which	 may	 increase	 our	 post-acquisition	 costs	 of	 operations	 and	 impact	 our	 ability	 to	
successfully	finance	that	business.

Any	acquisition	or	entry	into	a	new	business	could	subject	us	to	new	regulations,	both	directly	as	a	result	of	the	new	business	as	well	
as	in	the	other	existing	parts	of	our	business,	with	which	we	would	need	to	comply.		This	compliance	could	increase	our	costs,	and	
we	could	be	subject	to	liability	or	reputational	harm	to	the	extent	we	cannot	meet	any	such	compliance	requirements.		Additionally,	
targets	that	we	acquire	may	have	data	practices	that	do	not	initially	conform	to	our	privacy	and	data	protection	standards	and	data	
governance	model,	which	could	lead	to	regulatory	scrutiny	and	reputational	harm.		

Settlement	and	Third-Party	Obligations

Our	role	as	guarantor,	as	well	as	other	contractual	obligations,	expose	us	to	risk	of	loss	or	illiquidity.

We	are	a	guarantor	of	certain	third-party	obligations,	including	those	of	certain	of	our	customers.		In	this	capacity,	we	are	exposed	to	
credit	 and	 liquidity	 risk	 from	 these	 customers	 and	 certain	 service	 providers.	 	 We	 may	 incur	 significant	 losses	 in	 connection	 with	
transaction	 settlements	 if	 a	 customer	 fails	 to	 fund	 its	 daily	 settlement	 obligations	 due	 to	 technical	 problems,	 liquidity	 shortfalls,	
insolvency	or	other	reasons.		Concurrent	settlement	failures	of	more	than	one	of	our	larger	customers	or	of	several	of	our	smaller	
customers	either	on	a	given	day	or	over	a	condensed	period	of	time	may	exceed	our	available	resources	and	could	materially	and	
adversely	affect	our	results	of	operations.	

We	 have	 significant	 contractual	 indemnification	 obligations	 with	 certain	 customers.	 	 Should	 an	 event	 occur	 that	 triggers	 these	
obligations,	such	an	event	could	materially	and	adversely	affect	our	overall	business	and	results	of	operations.

Class	A	Common	Stock	and	Governance	Structure

Provisions	in	our	organizational	documents	and	Delaware	law	could	be	considered	anti-takeover	provisions	and	have	an	impact	
on	change-in-control.

Provisions	contained	 in	 our	 amended	and	restated	certificate	of	incorporation	and	bylaws	and	Delaware	law	could	be	considered	
anti-takeover	 provisions,	 including	 provisions	 that	 could	 delay	 or	 prevent	 entirely	 a	 merger	 or	 acquisition	 that	 our	 stockholders	
consider	favorable.		These	provisions	may	also	discourage	acquisition	proposals	or	have	the	effect	of	delaying	or	preventing	entirely	
a	 change	 in	 control,	 which	 could	 harm	 our	 stock	 price.	 	 For	 example,	 subject	 to	 limited	 exceptions,	 our	 amended	 and	 restated	
certificate	of	incorporation	prohibits	any	person	from	beneficially	owning	more	than	15%	of	any	of	the	Class	A	common	stock	or	any	
other	class	or	series	of	our	stock	with	general	voting	power,	or	more	than	15%	of	our	total	voting	power.		In	addition:

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					39

PART	I
ITEM	1A.	RISK	FACTORS

• our	stockholders	are	not	entitled	to	the	right	to	cumulate	votes	in	the	election	of	directors

• our	stockholders	are	not	entitled	to	act	by	written	consent

•

any	 representative	 of	 a	 competitor	 of	 Mastercard	 or	 of	 Mastercard	 Foundation	 is	 disqualified	 from	 service	 on	 our	 board	 of	
directors

Mastercard	Foundation’s	substantial	stock	ownership,	and	restrictions	on	its	sales,	may	impact	corporate	actions	or	acquisition	
proposals	favorable	to,	or	favored	by,	the	other	public	stockholders.

As	 of	 February	 8,	 2023,	 Mastercard	 Foundation	 owned	101,253,283	 shares	 of	 Class	 A	 common	 stock,	 representing	 approximately	
10.7%	 of	 our	 general	 voting	 power.	 	 Currently,	 Mastercard	 Foundation	 may	 not	 sell	 or	 otherwise	 transfer	 its	 shares	 of	 Class	 A	
common	stock	prior	to	May	1,	2027,	except	to	the	extent	necessary	to	satisfy	its	charitable	disbursement	requirements,	for	which	
purpose	earlier	sales	are	permitted	and	have	occurred.		Based	on	that	timing,	Mastercard	Foundation	would	be	permitted	to	sell	all	
of	its	remaining	shares	beginning	May	1,	2027,	subject	to	certain	conditions.		The	directors	of	Mastercard	Foundation	are	required	to	
be	independent	of	us	and	our	customers.		The	ownership	of	Class	A	common	stock	by	Mastercard	Foundation,	together	with	the	
restrictions	on	transfer,	could	discourage	or	make	more	difficult	acquisition	proposals	favored	by	the	other	holders	of	the	Class	A	
common	stock.		In	addition,	because	Mastercard	Foundation	is	restricted	from	selling	its	shares	for	an	extended	period	of	time,	it	
may	 not	 have	 the	 same	 interest	 in	 short	 or	 medium-term	 movements	 in	 our	 stock	 price	 as,	 or	 incentive	 to	 approve	 a	 corporate	
action	that	may	be	favorable	to,	our	other	stockholders.	

Item	1B.	Unresolved	staff	comments

Not	applicable.

Item	2.	Properties

We	own	our	corporate	headquarters,	located	in	Purchase,	New	York,	and	our	principal	technology	and	operations	center,	located	in	
O’Fallon,	Missouri.		As	of	December	31,	2022,	Mastercard	and	its	subsidiaries	owned	or	leased	commercial	properties	throughout	
the	U.S.	and	other	countries	around	the	world,	consisting	of	corporate	and	regional	offices,	as	well	as	our	operations	centers.

We	believe	that	our	facilities	are	suitable	and	adequate	for	the	business	that	we	currently	conduct.		However,	we	periodically	review	
our	space	requirements	and	may	acquire	or	lease	new	space	to	meet	the	needs	of	our	business	and	address	climate-related	impacts,	
or	consolidate	and	dispose	of	facilities	that	are	no	longer	required.

Item	3.	Legal	proceedings

Refer	 to	 Note	 13	 (Accrued	 Expenses	 and	 Accrued	 Litigation)	 and	 Note	 21	 (Legal	 and	 Regulatory	 Proceedings)	 to	 the	 consolidated	
financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8.	

Item	4.	Mine	safety	disclosures

Not	applicable.	

40					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

Information	about	our	executive	officers

PART	I
EXECUTIVE	OFFICERS

(as	of	February	14,	2023)

Name
Current	Position	
Ajay	Bhalla		
President,	Cyber	and	
Intelligence	Solutions	
since	November	2018

Michael	Froman	
Vice	Chairman	and	
President,	Strategic	
Growth	
since	April	2018

Linda	Kirkpatrick
President,	North	America
since	January	2021

Hai	Ling	
Co-President	
International	Markets
since	January	2022

Raghu	Malhotra
Co-President	
International	Markets
since	January	2022

Edward	McLaughlin	
President	and	Chief	
Technology	Officer,	
Mastercard	Technology	
since	May	2017

Age
57

Previous	Mastercard	Experience

President,	Enterprise	Security	Solutions	
(2014-2018)

Previous	Business	Experience
Various	leadership	positions	at	HSBC	and	Xerox	
Corporation

President,	Digital	Gateway	Services	
(2011-2013)	

President,	South	Asia	and	Southeast	Asia	
(2008-2011)

Various	senior	leadership	positions,	
including	President,	Southeast	Asia;	Country	
Manager,	Singapore	and	Head	of	Marketing,	
Southeast	Asia;	Vice	President	

60 Mr.	Froman	joined	the	Company	in	2018	in	

his	current	role

46

President,	U.S.	Issuers	(2020)

Executive	Vice	President,	Merchants	and	
Acceptance	(2016-2020)

Senior	Vice	President,	Core	Merchants	
(2013-2016)

Senior	Vice	President,	Franchise	
Development	(2011-2013)

Vice	President,	U.S.	Region	(2008-2011)

Vice	President,	Investor	Relations	

52

Co-President,	Asia	Pacific	(2015-2021)

President,	Enterprise	Development	
(2014-2015)

President,	Greater	China	(2010-2014)	

U.S.	Trade	Representative	in	the	Executive	Office	
of	President	Obama	(2013-2017)

Assistant	to	the	President	and	Deputy	National	
Security	Advisor	for	International	Economic	
Policy	(2009-2013)

Various	senior	leadership	positions	at	Citigroup,	
including	CEO,	CitiInsurance	and	COO	of	
Citigroup’s	alternative	investments	business

Various	roles	at	Booz	Allen	Hamilton	and	Bank	of	
America

53

President,	Middle	East	and	Africa	
(2016-2021)

Various	roles	at	Citicorp,	American	Express	and	
ANZ	Grindlays	Bank	(1992-2000)

Division	President,	Middle	East	and	North	
Africa	(2012-2015)

Various	leadership	roles	(2000-2005)
Chief	Information	Officer	(2016-2017)

57

Chief	Emerging	Payments	Officer	
(2010-2015)

Various	senior	leadership	roles,	including	
Chief	Franchise	Development	Officer	and	
Senior	Vice	President,	Bill	Payment	and	
Healthcare	

Group	Vice	President,	Product	and	Strategy,	
Metavante	Corporation	

Co-Founder	and	CEO,	Paytrust,	Inc.	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					41

PART	I
EXECUTIVE	OFFICERS

Name
Current	Position
Sachin	Mehra	
Chief	Financial	Officer		
since	April	2019

Age
52

Previous	Mastercard	Experience

Previous	Business	Experience

Chief	Financial	Operations	Officer	
(2018-2019)

Various	senior	positions	at	Hess	Corporation,	
including	Vice	President	and	Treasurer

Executive	Vice	President,	Commercial	
Products	(2015-2018)

Various	senior	treasury	and	finance	positions,	
General	Motors	Corporation	and	GMAC	

Michael	Miebach	
President	and	Chief	
Executive	Officer	since	
January	2021

Tim	Murphy	
Chief	Administrative	
Officer		
since	April	2021

Raja	Rajamannar	
Chief	Marketing	and	
Communications	Officer	
and	President,	
Healthcare		
since	January	2016

Raj	Seshadri
President,	Data	and	
Services
since	January	2020

Craig	Vosburg		
Chief	Product	Officer		
since	January	2021

Executive	Vice	President	and	Business	
Financial	Officer,	North	America	
(2013-2015)

Corporate	Treasurer	(2010-2013)
President	(2020)

55

Chief	Product	Officer	(2016-2020)

President,	Middle	East	and	Africa	
(2010-2015)

55

General	Counsel	(2014-2021)

Chief	Product	Officer	(2009-2014)

Various	senior	leadership	roles,	including	
President,	U.S.	Region;	Executive	Vice	
President,	Customer	Business	Planning	and	
Analysis;	and	Senior	Vice	President	and	
Associate	General	Counsel	

61

Chief	Marketing	Officer	(2013-2015)

57

President,	U.S.	Issuers	(2016-2019)

55

President,	North	America	(2016-2020)

Chief	Product	Officer	(2014-2015)

Executive	Vice	President,	U.S.	Market	
Development	(2010-2014)

Various	senior	leadership	roles,	including	
Head	of	Mastercard	Advisors,	U.S.	and	
Canada	and	Head	of	Mastercard	Advisors,	
Southeast	Asia,	Greater	China	and	South	
Asia/Middle	East/Africa	

Managing	Director,	Middle	East	and	North	Africa	
and	Managing	Director,	Sub-Saharan	Africa,	
Barclays	Bank	PLC	

Various	executive	positions	at	Citigroup	in	
Germany,	Austria,	U.K.	and	Turkey	
Associate,	Cleary,	Gottlieb,	Steen	and	Hamilton,	
New	York	and	London

Executive	Vice	President-Senior	Business	and	
Chief	Transformation	Officer,	Anthem	(formerly,	
WellPoint,	Inc.)	(2012-	2013)

Senior	Vice	President	and	Chief	Innovation	and	
Marketing	Officer,	Humana	Inc.	(2009-2012)

Various	management	positions	at	Citigroup,	
including	Executive	Vice	President	and	Chief	
Marketing	Officer-Citi	Global	Cards	
Managing	Director,	Head	of	iShares	U.S.	Wealth	
Advisory	business,	BlackRock	(2014-2016)	

Managing	Director,	Global	Marketing	Officer	of	
iShares,	BlackRock,	Inc.	(2012-2014)	

Various	leadership	positions	at	Citigroup,	U.S.	
Trust	Company	and	McKinsey	&	Company,	Inc.	

Senior	member-financial	services	practice,	Bain	
&	Company	and	A.T.	Kearney	

Vice	President,	CoreStates	Financial	Corporation	

42					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II

Item	5.	Market	for	registrant’s	common	equity,	related	stockholder	matters	and	
issuer	purchases	of	equity	securities

Item	6.	Reserved

Item	7.	Management’s	discussion	and	analysis	of	financial	condition	and	results	of	
operations

Item	7A.	Quantitative	and	qualitative	disclosures	about	market	risk

Item	8.	Financial	statements	and	supplementary	data

Item	9.	Changes	in	and	disagreements	with	accountants	on	accounting	and	
financial	disclosure
Item	9A.	Controls	and	procedures

Item	9B.	Other	information

PART	II
ITEM	5.	MARKET	FOR	REGISTRANT'S	COMMON	EQUITY,	RELATED	STOCKHOLDER	MATTERS	AND	ISSUES	PURCHASES	OF	EQUITY	SECURITIES

Item	 5.	 Market	
stockholder	matters	and	issuer	purchases	of	equity	securities

for	 registrant’s	 common	 equity,	 related	

Our	 Class	 A	 common	 stock	 trades	 on	 the	 New	 York	 Stock	 Exchange	 under	 the	 symbol	 “MA”.	 	 At	 February	 8,	 2023,	 we	 had	 71	
stockholders	of	record	for	our	Class	A	common	stock.		We	believe	that	the	number	of	beneficial	owners	is	substantially	greater	than	
the	number	of	record	holders	because	a	large	portion	of	our	Class	A	common	stock	is	held	in	“street	name”	by	brokers.

There	 is	 currently	 no	 established	 public	 trading	 market	 for	 our	 Class	 B	 common	 stock.	 	 There	 were	 approximately	233	 holders	 of	
record	 of	 our	 non-voting	 Class	 B	 common	 stock	 as	 of	February	 8,	 2023,	 constituting	 approximately	0.8%	 of	 our	 total	 outstanding	
equity.		

Stock	Performance	Graph

The	graph	and	table	below	compare	the	cumulative	total	stockholder	return	of	Mastercard’s	Class	A	common	stock,	the	S&P	500	and	
the	 S&P	 500	 Financials	 for	 the	 five-year	 period	 ended	December	 31,	 2022.	 	 The	 graph	 assumes	 a	 $100	 investment	 in	 our	 Class	 A	
common	stock	and	both	of	the	indices	and	the	reinvestment	of	dividends.		Mastercard’s	Class	B	common	stock	is	not	publicly	traded	
or	listed	on	any	exchange	or	dealer	quotation	system.

Comparison	of	cumulative	five-year	total	return	

Total	returns	to	stockholders	for	each	of	the	years	presented	were	as	follows:

Base	
period

2017

Indexed	Returns

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

$	 100.00	 $	 125.32	 $	 199.46	 $	 239.70	 $	 242.47	 $	 236.03	

100.00	

100.00	

95.62	

86.97	

125.72	

114.91	

148.85	

112.96	

191.58	

152.54	

156.88	

136.48	

Company/Index

Mastercard

S&P	500	

S&P	500	Financials

44					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	5.	MARKET	FOR	REGISTRANT'S	COMMON	EQUITY,	RELATED	STOCKHOLDER	MATTERS	AND	ISSUES	PURCHASES	OF	EQUITY	SECURITIES

Dividend	Declaration	and	Policy	

On	 December	 6,	 2022,	 our	 Board	 of	 Directors	 declared	 a	 quarterly	 cash	 dividend	 of	$0.57	 per	 share	 paid	 on	 February	 9,	 2023	 to	
holders	of	record	on	January	9,	2023	of	our	Class	A	common	stock	and	Class	B	common	stock.		On	February	14,	2023,	our	Board	of	
Directors	declared	a	quarterly	cash	dividend	of	$0.57	per	share	payable	on	May	9,	2023	to	holders	of	record	on	April	7,	2023	of	our	
Class	A	common	stock	and	Class	B	common	stock.	

Subject	to	legally	available	funds,	we	intend	to	continue	to	pay	a	quarterly	cash	dividend	on	our	outstanding	Class	A	common	stock	
and	 Class	 B	 common	 stock.	 	 However,	 the	 declaration	 and	 payment	 of	 future	 dividends	 is	 at	 the	 sole	 discretion	 of	 our	 Board	 of	
Directors	after	taking	into	account	various	factors,	including	our	financial	condition,	operating	results,	available	cash	and	current	and	
anticipated	cash	needs.		

Issuer	Purchases	of	Equity	Securities

During	the	fourth	quarter	of	2022,	we	repurchased	7.4	 million	 shares	for	$2.4	 billion	 at	 an	average	 price	 of	$328.26	 per	share	of	
Class	A	common	stock.		See	Note	16	(Stockholders'	Equity)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8	for	
further	discussion	with	respect	to	our	share	repurchase	programs.		The	following	table	presents	our	repurchase	activity	on	a	cash	
basis	during	the	fourth	quarter	of	2022:	

Period

October	1	–	31

November	1	–	30

December	1	–	31

Total

Total	Number
of	Shares
Purchased

Average	Price
Paid	per	Share
(including
commission	cost)

Total	Number	of
Shares	Purchased	as
Part	of	Publicly
Announced	Plans	or
Programs

Dollar	Value	of
Shares	that	may	yet
be	Purchased	under
the	Plans	or
Programs	1

2,170,087	 $	

2,444,959	 $	

2,740,325	 $	

7,355,371	 $	

297.01	

333.87	

348.01	

328.26	

2,170,087	 $	

4,943,927,887	

2,444,959	 $	

4,127,621,138	

2,740,325	 $	 12,173,961,341	

7,355,371	

1

2

Dollar	value	of	shares	that	may	yet	be	purchased	under	the	share	repurchase	programs	is	as	of	the	end	of	the	period.
In	December	2022	and	November	2021,	our	Board	of	Directors	approved	share	repurchase	programs	of	our	Class	A	common	stock	authorizing	us	
to	repurchase	up	to	$9.0	billion	and	$8.0	billion,	respectively.

Item	6.	[Reserved]

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					45

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Item	 7.	 Management’s	 discussion	 and	 analysis	 of	 financial	
condition	and	results	of	operations

The	 following	 discussion	 should	 be	 read	 in	 conjunction	 with	 the	 consolidated	 financial	 statements	 and	 notes	 of	 Mastercard	
Incorporated	 and	 its	 consolidated	 subsidiaries,	 including	 Mastercard	 International	 Incorporated	 (“Mastercard	 International”)	
(together,	 “Mastercard”	 or	 the	 “Company”),	 included	 elsewhere	 in	 this	 Report.	 	 Percentage	 changes	 provided	 throughout	
“Management’s	Discussion	and	Analysis	of	Financial	Condition	and	Results	of	Operations”	were	calculated	on	amounts	rounded	to	
the	nearest	thousand.		For	discussion	related	to	the	results	of	operations	for	the	year	ended	December	31,	2021	compared	to	the	
year	ended	December	31,	2020,	please	see	Part	II,	Item	7	of	our	Annual	Report	on	Form	10-K	for	the	year	ended	December	31,	2021.		
During	2022,	the	Company	updated	its	disaggregated	net	revenue	presentation	by	category	and	geography	to	reflect	the	nature	of	
its	payment	services	and	to	align	such	information	with	the	way	in	which	management	will	prospectively	view	its	categories	of	net	
revenue.		Prior	period	amounts	have	been	reclassified	to	conform	to	the	2022	presentation.		The	reclassification	had	no	impact	on	
previously	reported	total	net	revenue,	operating	income	or	net	income.

Business	Overview	

Mastercard	 is	 a	 technology	 company	 in	 the	 global	 payments	 industry.	 	 We	 connect	 consumers,	 financial	 institutions,	 merchants,	
governments,	digital	partners,	businesses	and	other	organizations	worldwide	by	enabling	electronic	payments	instead	of	cash	and	
checks	and	making	those	payment	transactions	safe,	simple,	smart,	and	accessible.		We	make	payments	easier	and	more	efficient	by	
providing	a	wide	range	of	payment	solutions	and	services	using	our	family	of	well-known	and	trusted	brands,	including	Mastercard®,	
Maestro®	and	Cirrus®.		We	operate	a	multi-rail	payments	network	that	provides	choice	and	flexibility	for	consumers,	merchants	and	
our	customers.		Through	our	unique	and	proprietary	core	global	payments	network,	we	switch	(authorize,	clear	and	settle)	payment	
transactions.		We	have	additional	payment	capabilities	that	include	automated	clearing	house	(“ACH”)	transactions	(both	batch	and	
real-time	account-based	payments).		Using	these	capabilities,	we	offer	integrated	payment	products	and	services	and	capture	new	
payment	 flows.	 	 Our	 value-added	 services	 include,	 among	 others,	 cyber	 and	 intelligence	 solutions	 to	 allow	 all	 parties	 to	 transact	
easily	 and	 with	 confidence,	 as	 well	 as	 other	 services	 that	 provide	 proprietary	 insights,	 drawing	 on	 our	 principled	 use	 of	 secure	
consumer	and	merchant	data.		Our	investments	in	new	networks,	such	as	open	banking	solutions	and	digital	identity	capabilities,	
support	and	strengthen	our	payments	and	services	solutions.		Our	franchise	model	sets	the	standards	and	ground-rules	for	our	core	
global	 payments	 network	 that	 balance	 value	 and	 risk	 across	 all	 stakeholders	 and	 allows	 for	 interoperability	 among	 them.	 	 Our	
payment	solutions	are	designed	to	ensure	safety	and	security	for	the	global	payments	ecosystem.

Mastercard	is	not	a	financial	institution.		We	do	not	issue	cards,	extend	credit,	determine	or	receive	revenue	from	interest	rates	or	
other	 fees	 charged	 to	 account	 holders	 by	 issuers,	 or	 establish	 the	 rates	 charged	 by	 acquirers	 in	 connection	 with	 merchants’	
acceptance	of	our	products.		In	most	cases,	account	holder	relationships	belong	to,	and	are	managed	by,	our	customers.

Russia	and	Ukraine

Beginning	 in	 February	 2022,	 in	 response	 to	 the	 Russian	 invasion	 of	 Ukraine,	 the	 United	 States,	 the	 European	 Union	 and	 other	
governments	 imposed	 sanctions	 and	 other	 restrictive	 measures	 on	 certain	 Russian-related	 entities	 and	 individuals	 and,	 in	 March	
2022,	we	suspended	our	business	operations	in	Russia1.		We	have	taken	steps	necessary	to	ensure	compliance	with	all	applicable	
regulatory	 restrictions	 with	 sanctioned	 entities	 and	 individuals	 and	 have	 suspended	 our	 business	 operations	 with	 non-sanctioned	
customers	in	Russia.		Throughout	this	process,	our	priority	has	been	the	safety	and	well-being	of	our	employees	and	their	families.			

These	 actions	 have	 impacted	 our	 full	 year	 2022	 performance.	 	 As	 a	 point	 of	 reference,	 for	 the	 year	 ended	 December	 31,	 2021,	
approximately	4%	of	our	net	revenues	were	derived	from	business	conducted	within,	into	and	out	of	Russia.		Additional	financial	
implications	 directly	 related	 to	 these	 actions	 include,	 but	 are	 not	 limited	 to,	 incremental	 employee-related	 costs,	 reserves	 on	
uncollectible	balances	with	certain	customers	and	impacts	to	net	revenue,	primarily	related	to	rebates	and	incentives	as	a	result	of	
revised	estimates	of	customer	performance	through	the	date	of	the	suspension	of	our	business	operations.

We	continue	to	monitor	the	effects	of	the	Russian	invasion	of	Ukraine	and	the	related	impacts	to	regional	and	global	economies.		
The	 full	 extent	 to	 which	 this	 matter	 affects	 our	 business,	 results	 of	 operations	 and	 financial	 condition	 will	 depend	 on	 future	
developments,	including	the	duration	of	the	invasion	and	the	impacts	on	regional	and	global	economies,	which	are	uncertain,	and	
cannot	be	predicted	at	this	time.	

1	

As	a	result	of	the	suspension	of	our	business	operations,	which	included	the	suspension	of	our	network	services,	cards	issued	by	Russian	banks	
are	 no	 longer	 supported	 by	 the	 Mastercard	 network	 regardless	 of	 where	 the	 cards	 are	 used,	 inside	 or	 outside	 of	 Russia.	 	 In	 addition,	 any	
Mastercard	issued	outside	of	Russia	will	not	work	at	merchants	or	ATMs	located	in	Russia.		

46					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Financial	Results	Overview

The	following	table	provides	a	summary	of	our	key	GAAP	operating	results,	as	reported:	

Net	revenue

Operating	expenses

Operating	income

Operating	margin

Income	tax	expense

Effective	income	tax	rate

Net	income

Diluted	earnings	per	share

Diluted	weighted-average	shares	outstanding

Year	ended	December	31,

2022

2021

2020

2022
Increase/
(Decrease)

2021
Increase/
(Decrease)

($	in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

$	 22,237	

$	 18,884	

$	 15,301	

$	

9,973	

$	

8,802	

$	 12,264	

$	 10,082	

$	

$	

7,220	

8,081	

18%

13%

22%

	55.2	%

	53.4	%

	52.8	%

1.8	ppt

$	

1,802	

$	

1,620	

$	

1,349	

11%

23%

22%

25%

0.6	ppt

20%

	15.4	%

	15.7	%

	17.4	%

(0.4)	ppt

(1.7)	ppt

$	

$	

9,930	

10.22	

971	

$	

$	

8,687	

8.76	

992	

$	

$	

6,411	

6.37	

1,006	

14%

17%

(2)%

35%

38%

(1)%

The	following	table	provides	a	summary	of	our	key	non-GAAP	operating	results1,	adjusted	to	exclude	the	impact	of	gains	and	losses	
on	our	equity	investments,	Special	Items	(which	represent	litigation	judgments	and	settlements	and	certain	one-time	items)	and	the	
related	 tax	 impacts	 on	 our	 non-GAAP	 adjustments.	 	 In	 addition,	 we	 have	 presented	 growth	 rates,	 adjusted	 for	 the	 impact	 of	
currency:

Year	ended	December	31,

2022

2021

2020

2022
	Increase/(Decrease)

2021
Increase/(Decrease)

As	
adjusted

Currency-
neutral

As	
adjusted

Currency-
neutral

($	in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

Adjusted	net	revenue

$	 22,200	

$	 18,884	

$	 15,301	

Adjusted	operating	expenses

$	

9,549	

$	

8,627	

$	

7,147	

18%

11%

23%

14%

23%

21%

22%

19%

Adjusted	operating	margin

Adjusted	effective	income	tax	rate

	57.0	%

	15.7	%

	54.3	%

	15.4	%

	53.3	% 2.7	ppt

3.4	ppt

1.0	ppt

1.2	ppt

	17.2	% 0.3	ppt

0.5	ppt

(1.8)	ppt

(1.8)	ppt

Adjusted	net	income

$	 10,342	

Adjusted	diluted	earnings	per	share

$	

10.65	

$	

$	

8,333	

8.40	

$	

$	

6,463	

6.43	

24%

27%

32%

34%

29%

31%

28%

30%

Note:	Tables	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.
1

	See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Information”	for	further	information	on	our	non-GAAP	adjustments	and	the	reconciliation	to	GAAP	reported	amounts.	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					47

	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Key	highlights	for	2022	as	compared	to	2021	were	as	follows:

Net	revenue

GAAP
up	18%

Operating	
expenses

GAAP

Adjusted	net	
revenue
Non-GAAP	
(currency-neutral)
up	23%

Adjusted
operating	expenses
Non-GAAP	
(currency-neutral)

up	13%

up	14%

Effective	income	
tax	rate

Adjusted	effective	
income	tax	rate

GAAP

Non-GAAP	
(currency-neutral)

15.4%

15.7%

Adjusted	net	revenue	increased	23%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis.		The	increase	was	
attributable	to	our	payment	network	and	our	value-added	services	and	solutions,	
which	increased	26%	and	18%,	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	respectively.

Adjusted	 operating	 expenses	 increased	 14%	 on	 a	 currency-neutral	 basis,	 which	
includes	4	percentage	points	of	growth	due	to	acquisitions.	The	remaining	increase	was	
primarily	 due	 to	 higher	 personnel	 costs,	 travel	 and	 meeting	 costs,	 and	 unfavorable	
foreign	exchange	activity.

The	adjusted	effective	income	tax	rate	of	15.7%	was	higher	than	prior	year	due	to	the	
recognition	of	U.S.	tax	benefits	in	2021	(the	majority	of	which	were	discrete),	a	discrete	
tax	benefit	in	2021	related	to	the	remeasurement	of	our	net	deferred	tax	asset	in	the	
U.K.	 and	 a	 discrete	 tax	 expense	 related	 to	 an	 unfavorable	 court	 ruling	 in	 2022,	 all	 of	
which	were	partially	offset	by	a	discrete	tax	benefit	in	the	first	quarter	of	2022	due	to	
final	U.S.	tax	regulations	published	in	the	current	year.	

Other	2022	financial	highlights	were	as	follows:

• We	generated	net	cash	flows	from	operations	of	$11.2	billion.

• We	completed	the	acquisition	of	a	business	for	total	consideration	of	$0.3	billion.	

• We	repurchased	25.7	million	shares	of	our	common	stock	for	$8.8	billion	and	paid	dividends	of	$1.9	billion.

• We	completed	a	euro-denominated	debt	offering	for	an	aggregate	principal	amount	of	$0.8	billion	and	entered	into	an	Indian	

rupee-denominated	term	loan	for	$0.3	billion.

Non-GAAP	Financial	Information	

Non-GAAP	financial	information	is	defined	as	a	numerical	measure	of	a	company’s	performance	that	excludes	or	includes	amounts	
so	 as	 to	 be	 different	 than	 the	 most	 comparable	 measure	 calculated	 and	 presented	 in	 accordance	 with	 accounting	 principles	
generally	accepted	in	the	United	States	(“GAAP”).		Our	non-GAAP	financial	measures	exclude	the	impact	of	gains	and	losses	on	our	
equity	investments	which	includes	mark-to-market	fair	value	adjustments,	impairments	and	gains	and	losses	upon	disposition	and	
the	 related	 tax	 impacts.	 	 Our	 non-GAAP	 financial	 measures	 also	 exclude	 the	 impact	 of	 special	 items,	 where	 applicable,	 which	
represent	litigation	judgments	and	settlements	and	certain	one-time	items,	as	well	as	the	related	tax	impacts	(“Special	Items”).		Our	
non-GAAP	financial	measures	for	the	comparable	periods	exclude	the	impact	of	the	following:

Gains	and	Losses	on	Equity	Investments

• During	2022,	2021	and	2020,	we	recorded	net	losses	of	$145	million	($126	million	after	tax,	or	$0.13	per	diluted	share),	net	gains	
of	$645	million	($497	million	after	tax,	or	$0.50	per	diluted	share)	and	net	gains	of	$30	million	($15	million	after	tax,	or	$0.01	per	
diluted	share),	respectively.		These	net	gains	and	losses	were	primarily	related	to	unrealized	fair	market	value	adjustments	on	
marketable	 and	 nonmarketable	 equity	 securities.	 	 In	 addition,	 in	 2021,	 net	 gains	 also	 included	 realized	 gains	 on	 sales	 of	
marketable	equity	securities.

48					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Special	Items

Litigation	provisions	

• During	2022,	we	recorded	pre-tax	charges	of	$356	million	($263	million	after	tax,	or	$0.27	per	diluted	share)	related	to	litigation	

provisions	which	included	pre-tax	charges	of:

◦

◦

$223	million	as	a	result	of	settlements	(both	final	and	agreements	in	principle)	with	a	number	of	U.K.	merchants,	and	

$133	million	as	a	result	of	a	change	in	estimate	related	to	the	claims	of	merchants	who	opted	out	of	the	U.S.	merchant	class	
litigation.

• During	2021,	we	recorded	pre-tax	charges	of	$94	million	($74	million	after	tax,	or	$0.07	per	diluted	share)	related	to	litigation	

settlements	and	estimated	attorneys’	fees	with	U.K.	and	Pan-European	merchants.

• During	2020,	we	recorded	pre-tax	charges	of	$73	million	($67	million	after	tax,	or	$0.07	per	diluted	share)	related	to	litigation	

provisions	which	included	pre-tax	charges	of:

◦

◦

$45	million	related	to	a	legal	matter	associated	with	our	prepaid	cards	in	the	U.K.,	and

$28	million	related	to	estimated	attorneys’	fees	and	litigation	settlements	with	U.K.	and	Pan-European	merchants.

Russia-related	impacts

• During	 2022,	 we	 recorded	 a	 net	 charge	 of	 $30	 million	 ($24	 million	 after	 tax,	 or	 $0.02	 per	 diluted	 share),	 directly	 related	 to	
imposed	 sanctions	 and	 the	 suspension	 of	 our	 business	 operations	 in	 Russia.	 	 The	 net	 charge	 is	 comprised	 of	 general	 and	
administrative	 expenses	 of	 $67	 million,	 primarily	 related	 to	 incremental	 employee-related	 costs	 and	 reserves	 on	 uncollectible	
balances	with	certain	sanctioned	customers.		These	charges	are	offset	by	net	benefits	of	$37	million	in	net	revenue,	primarily	
related	 to	 a	 reduction	 in	 rebates	 and	 incentives	 liabilities	 as	 a	 result	 of	 lower	 estimates	 of	 customer	 performance	 for	 certain	
customer	business	agreements	due	to	the	suspension	of	our	business	operations	in	Russia.	

Indirect	tax	matter
• During	2021,	we	recorded	a	charge	of	$88	million	($69	million	after	tax,	or	$0.07	per	diluted	share)	to	resolve	a	foreign	indirect	
tax	 matter	 for	 2015	 through	 2021	 and	 the	 related	 interest	 expense.	 	 The	 charge	 is	 comprised	 of	 general	 and	 administrative	
expenses	of	$82	million	and	other	income	(expense)	of	$6	million.

See	Note	7	(Investments)	and	Note	21	(Legal	and	Regulatory	Proceedings)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	
II,	Item	8	and	“Key	Developments”	above	for	further	discussion	related	to	certain	of	our	non-GAAP	financial	measures.		We	excluded	
these	 items	 because	 management	 evaluates	 the	 underlying	 operations	 and	 performance	 of	 the	 Company	 separately	 from	 these	
recurring	and	nonrecurring	items.

We	believe	that	the	non-GAAP	financial	measures	presented	facilitate	an	understanding	of	our	operating	performance	and	provide	a	
meaningful	comparison	of	our	results	between	periods.		We	use	non-GAAP	financial	measures	to,	among	other	things,	evaluate	our	
ongoing	 operations	 in	 relation	 to	 historical	 results,	 for	 internal	 planning	 and	 forecasting	 purposes	 and	 in	 the	 calculation	 of	
performance-based	compensation.

Currency-neutral	Growth	Rates

We	present	growth	rates	adjusted	for	the	impact	of	currency,	which	is	a	non-GAAP	financial	measure.		Currency-neutral	growth	rates	
are	 calculated	 by	 remeasuring	 the	 prior	 period’s	 results	 using	 the	 current	 period’s	 exchange	 rates	 for	 both	 the	 translational	 and	
transactional	impacts	on	operating	results.		The	impact	of	currency	translation	represents	the	effect	of	translating	operating	results	
where	 the	 functional	 currency	 is	 different	 than	 our	 U.S.	 dollar	 reporting	 currency.	 	 The	 impact	 of	 the	 transactional	 currency	
represents	the	effect	of	converting	revenue	and	expenses	occurring	in	a	currency	other	than	the	functional	currency	of	the	entity.		
The	impact	of	the	related	realized	gains	and	losses	resulting	from	our	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts	designated	as	cash	flow	
hedging	 instruments	 is	 recognized	 in	 the	 respective	 financial	 statement	 line	 item	 on	 the	 statement	 of	 operations	 when	 the	
underlying	forecasted	transactions	impact	earnings.		We	believe	the	presentation	of	currency-neutral	growth	rates	provides	relevant	
information	to	facilitate	an	understanding	of	our	operating	results.

The	 translational	 and	 transactional	 impact	 of	 currency	 and	 the	 related	 impact	 of	 our	 foreign	 exchange	 derivative	 contracts	
designated	as	cash	flow	hedging	instruments	(“Currency	impact”)	has	been	excluded	from	our	currency-neutral	growth	rates	and	has	
been	identified	in	our	“Drivers	of	Change”	tables.		See	“Foreign	Currency	-	Currency	Impact”	for	further	information	on	our	currency	
impacts	and	“Financial	Results	-	Revenue	and	Operating	Expenses”	for	our	“Drivers	of	Change”	tables.

Net	 revenue,	 operating	 expenses,	 operating	 margin,	 other	 income	 (expense),	 effective	 income	 tax	 rate,	 net	 income	 and	 diluted	
earnings	 per	 share	 adjusted	 for	 the	 impact	 of	 gains	 and	 losses	 on	 our	 equity	 investments,	 Special	 Items	 and/or	 the	 impact	 of	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					49

PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

currency,	are	non-GAAP	financial	measures	and	should	not	be	relied	upon	as	substitutes	for	measures	calculated	in	accordance	with	
GAAP.

The	following	tables	reconcile	our	reported	financial	measures	calculated	in	accordance	with	GAAP	to	the	respective	adjusted	non-
GAAP	financial	measures:

Year	ended	December	31,	2022

Net	
revenue

	Operating	
expenses

Operating	
margin

Other
income	
(expense)

Effective	
income	
tax	rate

	Net	
income

	Diluted	
earnings	
per	share

($	in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

Reported	-	GAAP

$	 22,237	 $	 9,973	

	55.2	% $	

(532)	

	15.4	% $	 9,930	 $	 10.22	

(Gains)	losses	on	equity	investments

Litigation	provisions

Russia-related	impacts

Adjusted	-	Non-GAAP

	**	

	**	

(37)	

**

(356)	

(67)	

** 	

145	

	1.6	%

	0.2	%

**

	**	

	—	% 	

	0.3	% 	

	—	% 	

126	

263	

24	

0.13	

0.27	

0.02	

$	 22,200	 $	 9,549	

	57.0	% $	

(387)	

	15.7	% $	 10,342	 $	 10.65	

Net	
revenue

	Operating	
expenses

Year	ended	December	31,	2021
Other
income	
(expense)

Effective	
income	
tax	rate

Operating	
margin

	Net	
income

	Diluted	
earnings	
per	share

Reported	-	GAAP

$	 18,884	 $	 8,802	

	53.4	% $	

225	

	15.7	% $	 8,687	 $	

8.76	

($	in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

(Gains)	losses	on	equity	investments

Litigation	provisions

Indirect	tax	matter

Adjusted	-	Non-GAAP

**

** 	

** 	

**

(94)	

(82)	

** 	

(645)	

	(0.5)	% 	

(497)	

(0.50)	

	0.5	%

	0.4	% 	

**

6	

	0.1	% 	

	0.1	% 	

74	

69	

$	 18,884	 $	 8,627	

	54.3	% $	

(413)	

	15.4	% $	 8,333	 $	

0.07	

0.07	

8.40	

Net	
revenue

	Operating	
expenses

Year	ended	December	31,	2020
Other
income	
(expense)

Effective	
income	
tax	rate

Operating	
margin

	Net	
income

	Diluted	
earnings	
per	share

Reported	-	GAAP

$	 15,301	 $	 7,220	

	52.8	% $	

(321)	

	17.4	% $	 6,411	

($	in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

(Gains)	losses	on	equity	investments

Litigation	provisions

Adjusted	-	Non-GAAP

Note:	Tables	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.
**	Not	applicable

**

** 	

**

(73)	

** 	

	0.5	%

(30)	

**

	(0.1)	% 	

	(0.1)	% 	

(15)	

67	

$	 15,301	 $	 7,147	

	53.3	% $	

(351)	

	17.2	% $	 6,463	 $	

6.37	

(0.01)	

0.07	

6.43	

50					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

The	following	tables	represent	the	reconciliation	of	our	growth	rates	reported	under	GAAP	to	our	non-GAAP	growth	rates:

Year	Ended	December	31,	2022	as	compared	to	the	Year	Ended	December	31,	2021

Increase/(Decrease)

Net	
revenue

	Operating	
expenses

Operating	
margin

Effective	
income	tax	
rate

	Net	
income

	Diluted	
earnings	
per	share

Reported	-	GAAP

	18	%

	13	%

	1.8		ppt

	(0.4)		ppt

(Gains)	losses	on	equity	investments

Litigation	provisions

Russia-related	impacts

Indirect	tax	matter

Adjusted	-	Non-GAAP
Currency	impact	1

Adjusted	-	Non-GAAP	-	currency-neutral

	**	

	**	

	—	

	**	

	18	%

	5	%

	23	%

	**	

	**	

0.5	ppt

	(3)	% 	

1.1		ppt

0.3	ppt

	(1)	%

0.2	ppt

—	ppt

	1	%

(0.4)	ppt

(0.1)	ppt

	11	% 	

2.7		ppt

	3	% 	

0.8		ppt

	14	% 	

3.4	ppt	

0.3	ppt

0.2	ppt

0.5	ppt

	14	%

	8	%

	2	%

	—	%

	(1)	%

	24	%

	8	%

	32	%

	17	%

	9	%

	2	%

	—	%

	(1)	%

	27	%

	8	%

	34	%

Year	Ended	December	31,	2021	as	compared	to	the	Year	Ended	December	31,	2020

Increase/(Decrease)

Net	
revenue

	Operating	
expenses

Operating	
margin

Effective	
income	tax	
rate

	Net	
income

	Diluted	
earnings	
per	share

Reported	-	GAAP

	23	%

	22	%

	0.6		ppt

	(1.7)		ppt

(Gains)	losses	on	equity	investments

Litigation	provisions

Indirect	tax	matter

Adjusted	-	Non-GAAP
Currency	impact	1

Adjusted	-	Non-GAAP	-	currency-neutral

**

**

**

	23	%

	(1)	%

	22	%

**

	—	%

	(1)	%

	21	%

	(2)	%

	19	%

**

(0.4)	ppt

—	ppt

0.4	ppt

0.1	ppt

0.1	ppt

1.0	ppt

(1.8)	ppt

0.2	ppt

—	ppt

1.2	ppt

(1.8)	ppt

	35	%

	(7)	%

	—	%

	1	%

	29	%

	(1)	%

	28	%

	38	%

	(8)	%

	—	%

	1	%

	31	%

	(1)	%

	30	%

Note:	Tables	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.
**		Not	applicable
1

See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Information”	for	further	information	on	Currency	impact.

Key	Metrics

In	addition	to	the	financial	measures	described	above	in	“Financial	Results	Overview”,	we	review	the	following	metrics	to	evaluate	
and	 identify	 trends	 in	 our	 business,	 measure	 our	 performance,	 prepare	 financial	 projections	 and	 make	 strategic	 decisions.	 	 We	
believe	 that	 the	 key	 metrics	 presented	 facilitate	 an	 understanding	 of	 our	 operating	 and	 financial	 performance	 and	 provide	 a	
meaningful	comparison	of	our	results	between	periods.		

Operating	Margin	measures	how	much	profit	we	make	on	each	dollar	of	sales	after	our	operating	costs	but	before	other	income	
(expense)	and	income	tax	expense.		Operating	margin	is	calculated	by	dividing	our	operating	income	by	net	revenue.

Key	Drivers	

Gross	 Dollar	 Volume	 (“GDV”)1	 measures	 dollar	 volume	 of	 activity,	 including	 both	 domestic	 and	 cross-border	 volume,	 on	 cards	
carrying	our	brands	during	the	period,	on	a	local	currency	basis	and	U.S.	dollar-converted	basis.		GDV	represents	purchase	volume	
plus	cash	volume;	“purchase	volume”	means	the	aggregate	dollar	amount	of	purchases	made	with	Mastercard-branded	cards	for	the	
relevant	period;	and	“cash	volume”	means	the	aggregate	dollar	amount	of	cash	disbursements	and	includes	the	impact	of	balance	
transfers	 and	 convenience	 checks	 obtained	 with	 Mastercard-branded	 cards	 for	 the	 relevant	 period.	 	 Information	 denominated	 in	
U.S.	dollars	relating	to	GDV	is	calculated	by	applying	an	established	U.S.	dollar/local	currency	exchange	rate	for	each	local	currency	in	
which	our	volumes	are	reported.		These	exchange	rates	are	calculated	on	a	quarterly	basis	using	the	average	exchange	rate	for	each	
quarter.	 	 We	 report	 period-over-period	 rates	 of	 change	 in	 purchase	 volume	 and	 cash	 volume	 on	 the	 basis	 of	 local	 currency	
information,	in	order	to	eliminate	the	impact	of	changes	in	the	value	of	currencies	against	the	U.S.	dollar	in	calculating	such	rates	of	
change.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					51

PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Cross-border	Volume	Growth2	measures	the	growth	of	cross-border	dollar	volume	during	the	period,	on	a	local	currency	basis	and	
U.S.	dollar-converted	basis,	for	all	Mastercard-branded	programs.	

Switched	 Transactions2	 measures	 the	 number	 of	 transactions	 switched	 by	 Mastercard,	 which	 is	 defined	 as	 the	 number	 of	
transactions	initiated	and	switched	through	our	network	during	the	period.

1	 Data	used	in	the	calculation	of	GDV	is	provided	by	Mastercard	customers	and	is	subject	to	verification	by	Mastercard	and	partial	cross-checking	
against	information	provided	by	Mastercard’s	transaction	switching	systems.		All	data	is	subject	to	revision	and	amendment	by	Mastercard	or	
Mastercard’s	customers.		Starting	in	the	first	quarter	of	2022,	data	related	to	sanctioned	Russian	banks	was	not	reported	to	us	and	therefore	
such	amounts	are	not	included.		Subsequent	to	the	suspension	of	our	business	operations	in	Russia	in	March	2022,	there	is	no	Russian	data	to	be	
reported.	

2	 Growth	rates	are	normalized	to	eliminate	the	effects	of	differing	switching	and	carryover	days	between	periods.		Carryover	days	are	those	where	
transactions	 and	 volumes	 from	 days	 where	 the	 Company	 does	 not	 clear	 and	 settle	 are	 processed.	 	 In	 the	 fourth	 quarter	 of	 2021,	 we	 began	
clearing	and	settling	transactions	and	volumes	on	a	daily	basis.

The	following	tables	provide	a	summary	of	the	growth	trends	in	our	key	drivers.

Mastercard-branded	GDV	growth	1

United	States

Worldwide	less	United	States

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

2022

2021

Increase/(Decrease)

USD

6%

10%

4%

Local

12%

10%

13%

USD

22%

23%

22%

Local

21%

23%

20%

Cross-border	volume	growth	1

33%

45%

35%

32%

Mastercard-branded	GDV	growth	adjusted	for	Russia	1,2

Worldwide	less	United	States	GDV	growth	adjusted	for	Russia	1,2

10%

10%

18%

22%

22%

22%

20%

19%

Cross-border	volume	growth	adjusted	for	Russia	1,2

37%

50%

35%

31%

Switched	transactions	growth

Switched	transactions	growth	adjusted	for	Russia	2

For	the	Years	Ended	
December	31,

Increase/(Decrease)

2022

12%

2021

25%

21%

24%

1	

2	

Excludes	volume	generated	by	Maestro	and	Cirrus	cards.
Starting	in	the	first	quarter	of	2022,	as	a	result	of	imposed	sanctions	and	the	suspension	of	our	business	operations	in	Russia,	we	have	provided	
adjusted	growth	rates	for	our	key	drivers	excluding	activity	from	Russian	issued	cards	from	the	current	and	prior	periods.

Key	Metrics	related	to	the	Payment	Network

Assessments	represent	agreed	upon	standard	pricing	provided	to	our	customers	based	on	various	forms	of	payment-related	activity.		
Assessments	 are	 used	 internally	 by	 management	 to	 monitor	 operating	 performance	 as	 it	 allows	 for	 comparability	 and	 provides	
visibility	into	cardholder	trends.		Assessments	do	not	represent	our	net	revenue.

The	following	provides	additional	information	on	our	key	metrics	related	to	the	payment	network:

• Domestic	 assessments	 are	 charges	 based	 on	 activity	 related	 to	 cards	 that	 carry	 the	 Company’s	 brands	 where	 the	 merchant	
country	 and	 the	 country	 of	 issuance	 are	 the	 same.	 	 These	 assessments	 are	 primarily	 driven	 by	 the	 domestic	 dollar	 volume	 of	
activity	(e.g.,	domestic	purchase	volume,	domestic	cash	volume)	or	the	number	of	cards	issued.

• Cross-border	assessments	are	charges	based	on	activity	related	to	cards	that	carry	the	Company’s	brands	where	the	merchant	
country	and	the	country	of	issuance	are	different.		These	assessments	are	primarily	driven	by	the	cross-border	dollar	volume	of	
activity	(e.g.,	cross-border	purchase	volume,	cross-border	cash	volume).	

52					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

•

Transaction	 processing	 assessments	 are	 charges	 primarily	 driven	 by	 the	 number	 of	 switched	 transactions	 on	 our	 payment	
network.		Switching	activities	include:

◦ Authorization,	the	process	by	which	a	transaction	is	routed	to	the	issuer	for	approval	

◦ Clearing,	 the	 determination	 and	 exchange	 of	 financial	 transaction	 information	 between	 issuers	 and	 acquirers	 after	 a	

transaction	has	been	successfully	conducted	at	the	point	of	interaction	

◦

Settlement,	which	facilitates	the	determination	and	exchange	of	funds	between	parties	

These	assessments	can	also	include	connectivity	services	and	network	access	which	are	based	on	the	volume	of	data	transmitted	
and	the	number	of	authorization	and	settlement	messages.

• Other	network	assessments	are	charges	for	licensing,	implementation	and	other	franchise	fees.

The	following	table	provides	a	summary	of	our	key	metrics	related	to	the	payment	network.

Year	ended	December	31,

2022	

2021	

2022

2021

2020

Increase/
(Decrease)

($	in	millions)

Currency-
neutral	
Increase/
(Decrease)

Currency-
neutral	
Increase/
(Decrease)

Increase/
(Decrease)

Domestic	assessments

$	

8,794	 $	

8,064	 $	

Cross-border	assessments

Transaction	processing	assessments

Other	network	assessments

6,597	

10,646	

766	

4,646	

9,041	

668	

6,598	

3,498	

7,137	

659	

9%

42%

18%

15%

12%

53%

23%

14%

22%

33%

27%

1%

22%

30%

26%

4%

Foreign	Currency

Currency	Impact

Our	 primary	 revenue	 functional	 currencies	 are	 the	 U.S.	 dollar,	 euro,	 Brazilian	 real	 and	 the	 British	 pound.	 	 Our	 overall	 operating	
results	 are	 impacted	 by	 currency	 translation,	 which	 represents	 the	 effect	 of	 translating	 operating	 results	 where	 the	 functional	
currency	is	different	than	our	U.S.	dollar	reporting	currency.		

Our	operating	results	are	also	impacted	by	transactional	currency.		The	impact	of	the	transactional	currency	represents	the	effect	of	
converting	 revenue	 and	 expense	 transactions	 occurring	 in	 a	 currency	 other	 than	 the	 functional	 currency.	 	 Changes	 in	 currency	
exchange	rates	directly	impact	the	calculation	of	gross	dollar	volume	(“GDV”)	and	gross	euro	volume	(“GEV”),	which	are	used	in	the	
calculation	 of	 our	 key	 metrics	 related	 to	 domestic	 assessments	 and	 cross-border	 assessments	 as	 well	 as	 certain	 volume-related	
rebates	and	incentives.		In	most	non-European	regions,	GDV	is	calculated	based	on	local	currency	spending	volume	converted	to	U.S.	
dollars	 using	 average	 exchange	 rates	 for	 the	 period.	 	 In	 Europe,	 GEV	 is	 calculated	 based	 on	 local	 currency	 spending	 volume	
converted	to	euros	using	average	exchange	rates	for	the	period.		As	a	result,	our	key	metrics	related	to	domestic	assessments	and	
cross-border	assessments	as	well	as	certain	volume-related	rebates	and	incentives	are	impacted	by	the	strengthening	or	weakening	
of	the	U.S.	dollar	versus	non-European	local	currencies	and	the	strengthening	or	weakening	of	the	euro	versus	other	European	local	
currencies.		For	example,	our	billing	in	Australia	is	in	the	U.S.	dollar,	however,	consumer	spend	in	Australia	is	in	the	Australian	dollar.		
The	 currency	 transactional	 impact	 of	 converting	 Australian	 dollars	 to	 our	 U.S.	 dollar	 billing	 currency	 will	 have	 an	 impact	 on	 the	
revenue	generated.		The	strengthening	or	weakening	of	the	U.S.	dollar	is	evident	when	GDV	growth	on	a	U.S.	dollar-converted	basis	
is	compared	to	GDV	growth	on	a	local	currency	basis.		In	2022,	GDV	on	a	U.S.	dollar-converted	basis	increased	5.9%,	while	GDV	on	a	
local	currency	basis	increased	12.3%	versus	2021.		In	2021,	GDV	on	a	U.S.	dollar-converted	basis	increased	22.0%,	while	GDV	on	a	
local	currency	basis	increased	20.6%	versus	2020.		Further,	the	impact	from	transactional	currency	occurs	in	transaction	processing	
revenue,	other	revenue	and	operating	expenses	when	the	local	currency	of	these	items	is	different	than	the	functional	currency	of	
the	entity.

Through	 December	 31,	 2020,	 our	 approach	 to	 managing	 transactional	 currency	 exposure	 consisted	 of	 hedging	 a	 portion	 of	
anticipated	revenues	impacted	by	transactional	currencies	by	entering	into	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts,	and	recording	the	
related	changes	in	fair	value	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.		During	the	first	
quarter	 of	 2021,	 we	 started	 to	 formally	 designate	 certain	 newly-executed	 foreign	 exchange	 derivative	 contracts,	 which	 meet	 the	
established	 accounting	 criteria,	 as	 cash	 flow	 hedges.	 	 Gains	 and	 losses	 resulting	 from	 changes	 in	 fair	 value	 of	 these	 designated	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					53

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

contracts	are	deferred	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)	and	subsequently	recognized	in	the	respective	component	
of	net	revenue	when	the	underlying	forecasted	transactions	impact	earnings.		

Foreign	Exchange	Activity

We	 incur	 foreign	 currency	 gains	 and	 losses	 from	 remeasuring	 monetary	 assets	 and	 liabilities,	 including	 settlement	 assets	 and	
obligations,	that	are	denominated	in	a	currency	other	than	the	functional	currency	of	the	entity.		To	manage	this	foreign	exchange	
risk,	we	may	enter	into	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts	to	economically	hedge	the	foreign	currency	exposure	of	a	portion	of	
our	 nonfunctional	 currency	 monetary	 assets	 and	 liabilities.	 	 The	 gains	 or	 losses	 resulting	 from	 the	 changes	 in	 fair	 value	 of	 these	
contracts	are	intended	to	reduce	the	potential	effect	of	the	underlying	hedged	exposure	and	are	recorded	net	within	general	and	
administrative	 expenses	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	 operations.	 	 The	 impact	 of	 this	 foreign	 exchange	 activity,	 including	 the	
related	hedging	activities,	has	not	been	eliminated	in	our	currency-neutral	results.

Our	 foreign	 exchange	 risk	 management	 activities	 are	 discussed	 further	 in	 Note	 23	 (Derivative	 and	 Hedging	 Instruments)	 to	 the	
consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8.

Risk	of	Currency	Devaluation

We	 are	 exposed	 to	 currency	 devaluation	 in	 certain	 countries.	 	 In	 addition,	 we	 are	 subject	 to	 exchange	 control	 regulations	 that	
restrict	the	conversion	of	financial	assets	into	U.S.	dollars.		While	these	revenues	and	assets	are	not	material	to	us	on	a	consolidated	
basis,	we	can	be	negatively	impacted	should	there	be	a	continued	and	sustained	devaluation	of	local	currencies	relative	to	the	U.S.	
dollar	and/or	a	continued	and	sustained	deterioration	of	economic	conditions	in	these	countries.	

Financial	Results

Net	Revenue

The	components	of	net	revenue	were	as	follows:

Payment	network

Value-added	services	and	solutions

Net	revenue

2022

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

Increase	(Decrease)

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

($	in	millions)

$	

$	

14,358	 $	

11,943	 $	

7,879	

6,941	

9,897	

5,404	

22,237	 $	

18,884	 $	

15,301	

20%

14%

18%

21%

28%

23%

For	the	year	ended	December	31,	2022,	net	revenue	increased	18%	versus	the	comparable	period	in	2021.		Adjusted	net	revenue	
increased	18%,	or	23%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis.		The	increase	in	net	revenue	was	attributable	to	both	our	payment	network	and	
our	value-added	services	and	solutions	and	included	1	percentage	point	of	growth	from	acquisitions.		Net	revenue	includes	$13,084	
million	of	rebates	and	incentives	provided	to	our	customers,	an	increase	of	19%,	or	23%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2022	versus	
2021.

Net	revenue	from	our	payment	network	increased	20%,	or	26%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2022	versus	2021.		The	increase	was	
primarily	 driven	 by	 growth	 in	 domestic	 and	 cross-border	 dollar	 volumes	 and	 an	 increase	 in	 the	 number	 of	 switched	 transactions,	
reflecting	 trends	 of	 growth	 in	 our	 key	 drivers.	 	 Net	 revenue	 from	 our	 payment	 network	 includes	 $12,445	 million	 of	 rebates	 and	
incentives	provided	to	customers,	which	increased	19%,	or	23%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2022	versus	2021,	primarily	due	to	an	
increase	in	our	key	drivers	as	well	as	new	and	renewed	deals.

Net	revenue	from	our	value-added	services	and	solutions	increased	14%,	or	18%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2022	versus	2021,	
which	 includes	 a	 4	 percentage	 point	 increase	 from	 acquisitions.	 	 The	 remaining	 increase	 was	 primarily	 driven	 by	 our	 cyber	 and	
intelligence	and	data	and	services	solutions.		

2021

For	 the	 year	 ended	 December	 31,	 2021,	 net	 revenue	 increased	 23%,	 or	 22%	 on	 a	 currency	 neutral	 basis,	 versus	 the	 comparable	
period	 in	 2020.	 	 The	 increase	 in	 net	 revenue	 was	 attributable	 to	 both	 our	 payment	 network	 and	 our	 value-added	 services	 and	
solutions	 and	 included	 2	 percentage	 points	 of	 growth	 from	 acquisitions.	 	 Net	 revenue	 includes	 $10,961	 million	 of	 rebates	 and	
incentives	provided	to	our	customers,	an	increase	of	32%,	or	31%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2021	versus	2020.

54					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Net	revenue	from	our	payment	network	increased	21%,	or	20%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2021	versus	2020.		The	increase	was	
primarily	 driven	 by	 growth	 in	 domestic	 and	 cross-border	 dollar	 volumes	 and	 an	 increase	 in	 the	 number	 of	 switched	 transactions,	
reflecting	 trends	 of	 growth	 in	 our	 key	 drivers.	 	 Net	 revenue	 from	 our	 payment	 network	 include	 $10,476	 million	 of	 rebates	 and	
incentives	provided	to	customers,	which	increased	31%,	or	30%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2021	versus	2020,	primarily	due	to	an	
increase	in	our	key	drivers	as	well	as	new	and	renewed	deals.

Net	revenue	from	our	value-added	services	and	solutions	increased	28%,	or	27%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2021	versus	2020,	
which	 includes	 a	 6	 percentage	 point	 increase	 from	 acquisitions.	 	 The	 remaining	 increase	 was	 primarily	 driven	 by	 our	 cyber	 and	
intelligence	and	data	and	services	solutions.			

See	Note	3	(Revenue)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8	for	a	further	discussion	of	how	we	recognize	
revenue.

Drivers	of	Change

The	following	table	summarizes	the	drivers	of	change	in	net	revenue:

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

Payment	network

Value-added	services	and	solutions

Operational

Acquisitions

2021

2022

2022
2021
26% 1 20% 1 —% —%
15% 2 21% 2

4%

6%

Net	revenue

22%

20%

1%

2%

Currency	
Impact	3

2022

2021

(6)%

(4)%

(5)%

1%

1%

1%

Special	Items	4
2021
2022

Total

2022

2021

—% —%

	20	% 	21	%

**

—%

	14	% 	28	%

—% —%

	18	% 	23	%

Note:	Table	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding
1

2	

3	

4	

Includes	impacts	from	our	key	drivers	and	metrics,	offset	by	rebates	and	incentives.	
Includes	impacts	from	cyber	and	intelligence,	data	and	services,	processing	and	gateway,	ACH	batch	and	real-time	account-based	domestic	and	
cross-border	payments	and	solutions,	opening	banking	and	digital	identity,	offset	by	rebates	and	incentives.				
Includes	the	translational	and	transactional	impact	of	currency	and	the	related	impact	of	our	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts	designated	as	
cash	flow	hedging	instruments.
See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Information”	for	further	information	on	our	non-GAAP	adjustments	and	the	reconciliation	to	GAAP	reported	amounts.

No	 individual	 country,	 other	 than	 the	 United	 States,	 generated	 more	 than	 10%	 of	 net	 revenue	 in	 any	 such	 period.	 	 A	 significant	
portion	of	our	net	revenue	is	concentrated	among	our	five	largest	customers.		In	2022,	the	net	revenue	from	these	customers	was	
approximately	$4.7	billion,	or	21%,	of	total	net	revenue.		The	loss	of	any	of	these	customers	or	their	significant	card	programs	could	
adversely	impact	our	revenue.	

Operating	Expenses

Operating	expenses	increased	13%	in	2022	versus	the	prior	year.		Adjusted	operating	expenses	increased	11%,	or	14%	on	a	currency-
neutral	 basis,	 versus	 the	 prior	 year,	 which	 includes	 a	4	 percentage	 point	 increase	 from	 acquisitions.	 	 The	 remaining	 increase	 was	
primarily	due	to	higher	personnel	costs,	travel	and	meeting	costs	and	unfavorable	foreign	exchange	activity.	

The	components	of	operating	expenses	were	as	follows:

General	and	administrative

Advertising	and	marketing						

Depreciation	and	amortization	

Provision	for	litigation

Total	operating	expenses												
Special	Items	1
Adjusted	operating	expenses	(excluding	Special	Items	1)

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

Increase	(Decrease)

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

($	in	millions)

$	 8,078	 $	 7,087	 $	 5,910	

789	

750	

356	

895	

726	

94	

657	

580	

73	

9,973	

8,802	

7,220	

(423)	

(176)	

(73)	

$	 9,549	 $	 8,627	 $	 7,147	

	14	%

	(12)	%

	3	%

**

	13	%

**

	11	%

	20	%

	36	%

	25	%

**

	22	%

**

	21	%

Note:	Table	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.
**	Not	meaningful
1

See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Information”	for	further	information	on	our	non-GAAP	adjustments	and	the	reconciliation	to	GAAP	reported	amounts.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					55

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

The	following	table	summarizes	the	drivers	of	changes	in	operating	expenses:

General	and	administrative

Advertising	and	marketing

Depreciation	and	amortization

Provision	for	litigation

Total	operating	expenses

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

Operational

Acquisitions

Currency	
Impact	1

Special	
Items	2

Total

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

13%

(9)%

(1)%

**

	11	%

	35	%

	3	%

**

10%

	12	%

	4	%

	1	%

	6	%

	1	%

	8	% 	20	%

**

	4	%

**

	7	%

	(3)	%

	(4)	%

	(4)	%

**

	(3)	%

	2	%

	1	%

	2	%

**

	2	%

	—	%

	1	% 	14	% 	20	%

**

**

**

**

**

**

	(12)	% 	36	%

	3	% 	25	%

**

**

	3	%

	1	% 	13	% 	22	%

Note:	Table	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.
**	Not	meaningful
1

2

Represents	the	translational	and	transactional	impact	of	currency.
See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Information”	for	further	information	on	our	non-GAAP	adjustments	and	the	reconciliation	to	GAAP	reported	amounts.

General	and	Administrative

General	and	administrative	expenses	increased	14%,	or	17%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2022	versus	the	prior	year.		Current	year	
results	include	growth	of	4	percentage	points	from	acquisitions.		The	remaining	increase	was	primarily	due	to	higher	personnel	costs	
to	support	our	continued	investment	in	our	strategic	initiatives	across	payments,	services	and	new	networks,	increased	travel	and	
meeting	costs	and	balance	sheet	remeasurement	losses	due	to	unfavorable	foreign	exchange	activity.

The	components	of	general	and	administrative	expenses	were	as	follows:

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

Increase	(Decrease)

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

Personnel	1

Professional	fees

Data	processing	and	telecommunications
Foreign	exchange	activity	2
Other	1,	3

($	in	millions)

$	 5,263	 $	 4,489	 $	 3,787	

480	

926	

102	

433	

898	

51	

1,307	

1,216	

384	

756	

9	

974	

17%

11%

3%

**

7%

Total	general	and	administrative	expenses

$	 8,078	 $	 7,087	 $	 5,910	

14%

19%

13%

19%

**

25%

20%

Note:	Table	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.
**	Not	meaningful
1

For	 the	 year	 ended	 December	 31,	 2022,	 total	 general	 and	 administrative	 expenses	 includes	 a	 Special	 Item	 for	 Russia-related	 impacts	 of	 $67	
million,	of	which	$35	million	is	included	within	Personnel	and	$32	million	is	included	within	Other.		See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Information”	for	
further	information	on	our	non-GAAP	adjustments	and	the	reconciliation	to	GAAP	reported	amounts.
Foreign	exchange	activity	includes	the	impact	of	remeasurement	of	assets	and	liabilities	denominated	in	foreign	currencies	net	of	the	impact	of	
gains	 and	 losses	 on	 foreign	 exchange	 derivative	 contracts.	 	 See	 Note	 23	 (Derivative	 and	 Hedging	 Instruments)	 to	 the	 consolidated	 financial	
statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8	for	further	discussion.
Includes	a	Special	Item	related	to	a	foreign	indirect	tax	matter	of	$82	million	for	the	year	ended	December	31,	2021.		See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	
Information”	for	further	information	on	our	non-GAAP	adjustments	and	the	reconciliation	to	GAAP	reported	amounts.

2	

3	

Advertising	and	Marketing

Advertising	and	marketing	expenses	decreased	12%,	or	8%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2022	versus	the	prior	year,	primarily	due	
to	lower	spending	on	marketing	campaigns.

Depreciation	and	Amortization

Depreciation	and	amortization	expenses	increased	3%,	or	7%	on	a	currency-neutral	basis,	in	2022	versus	the	prior	year,	due	to	the	
amortization	of	acquired	intangible	assets	from	acquisitions.	

56					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Provision	for	Litigation

In	2022,	2021	and	2020,	we	recorded	$356	million,	$94	million	and	$73	million,	respectively,	related	to	various	legal	proceedings.		
See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Information”	in	this	section	and	Note	21	(Legal	and	Regulatory	Proceedings)	to	the	consolidated	financial	
statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8	for	further	discussion.		

Other	Income	(Expense)

Other	income	(expense)	was	unfavorable	$757	million	in	2022	versus	the	prior	year,	primarily	due	to	net	losses	in	the	current	year	
versus	 net	 gains	 in	 the	 prior	 year	 related	 to	 unrealized	 fair	 market	 value	 adjustments	 on	 marketable	 and	 nonmarketable	 equity	
securities	and	realized	gains	on	sales	of	marketable	equity	securities	in	2021.		Adjusted	other	income	(expense)	was	favorable	$26	
million	versus	the	prior	year,	primarily	due	to	an	increase	in	our	investment	income,	partially	offset	by	increased	interest	expense	
related	to	our	2022	debt	issuances.

The	components	of	other	income	(expense)	were	as	follows:

Investment	income

Gains	(losses)	on	equity	investments,	net

Interest	expense

Other	income	(expense),	net

Total	other	income	(expense)
(Gains)	losses	on	equity	investments	1
Special	Items	1
Adjusted	total	other	income	(expense)	1

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

Increase	(Decrease)

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

($	in	millions)

$	

61	 $	

11	 $	

(145)	

(471)	

23	

(532)	

145	

—	

645	

(431)	

—	

225	

(645)	

6	

24	

30	

(380)	

5	

(321)	

(30)	

—	

**

**

	9	%

**

**

**

**

	(52)	%

**

	13	%

**

**

**

**

$	

(387)	 $	

(413)	 $	

(351)	

	(6)	%

	18	%

Note:	Table	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.
**	Not	meaningful
1	

See	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Information”	for	further	information	on	our	non-GAAP	adjustments	and	the	reconciliation	to	GAAP	reported	amounts.

Income	Taxes	

The	effective	income	tax	rates	for	the	years	ended	December	31,	2022	and	2021	were	15.4%	and	15.7%,	respectively.		The	adjusted	
effective	 income	 tax	 rates	 for	 the	 years	 ended	 December	 31,	 2022	 and	 2021	 were	 15.7%	 and	 15.4%,	 respectively.	 	 The	 effective	
income	 tax	 rate	 was	 lower	 in	 2022	 primarily	 due	 to	 a	 discrete	 tax	 benefit	 in	 the	 first	 quarter	 of	 2022	 related	 to	 final	 U.S.	 tax	
regulations	published	in	the	current	year.		These	regulations	resulted	in	a	valuation	allowance	release	of	$333	million	associated	with	
the	U.S.	foreign	tax	credit	carryforward	deferred	tax	asset.		The	regulations	limit	Mastercard’s	ability	to	generate	foreign	tax	credits	
starting	in	2022	for	certain	foreign	taxes	paid,	resulting	in	additional	U.S.	tax	expense.		Additionally,	a	more	favorable	geographic	mix	
of	earnings	in	2022	contributed	to	the	lower	effective	tax	rate.	The	lower	effective	income	tax	rate	was	partially	offset	by:

•

•

the	 recognition	 of	 U.S.	 tax	 benefits	 in	 2021	 (the	 majority	 of	 which	 were	 discrete)	 resulting	 from	 a	 higher	 foreign	 derived	
intangible	income	deduction	and	greater	utilization	of	foreign	tax	credits	in	the	U.S.		

a	discrete	tax	benefit	in	2021	related	to	the	remeasurement	of	the	our	net	deferred	tax	asset	in	the	U.K.	due	to	an	enacted	tax	
rate	change	in	2021

•

a	discrete	tax	expense	related	to	an	unfavorable	court	ruling	in	2022

The	adjusted	effective	income	tax	rate	was	higher	in	2022	primarily	due	to:	

•

•

the	 recognition	 of	 U.S.	 tax	 benefits	 in	 2021	 (the	 majority	 of	 which	 were	 discrete)	 resulting	 from	 a	 higher	 foreign	 derived	
intangible	income	deduction	and	greater	utilization	of	foreign	tax	credits	in	the	U.S.		

a	discrete	tax	benefit	in	2021	related	to	the	remeasurement	of	the	our	net	deferred	tax	asset	in	the	U.K.	due	to	an	enacted	tax	
rate	change	in	2021

•

a	discrete	tax	expense	related	to	an	unfavorable	court	ruling	in	2022

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					57

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

All	of	the	above	impacts	were	partially	offset	by	a	discrete	tax	benefit	in	the	first	quarter	of	2022	related	to	final	U.S.	tax	regulations	
published	in	the	current	year.		These	regulations	resulted	in	a	valuation	allowance	release	of	$333	million	associated	with	the	U.S.	
foreign	tax	credit	carryforward	deferred	tax	asset.		The	regulations	limit	Mastercard’s	ability	to	generate	foreign	tax	credits	starting	
in	2022	for	certain	foreign	taxes	paid,	resulting	in	additional	U.S.	tax	expense.

See	Note	20	(Income	Taxes)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8	for	further	discussion.

In	August	2022,	the	U.S.	enacted	the	Inflation	Reduction	Act	(the	“IRA”).		The	IRA	includes	a	corporate	alternative	minimum	tax	of	
15%	on	the	adjusted	financial	statement	income	of	corporations	for	years	beginning	after	December	31,	2022,	and	an	excise	tax	of	
1%	on	the	fair	market	value	of	annual	net	stock	repurchases	made	after	December	31,	2022.		We	continue	to	analyze	the	impacts	of	
the	IRA,	however,	it	is	not	expected	to	have	a	material	impact	on	our	financial	statements.

Liquidity	and	Capital	Resources

We	 rely	 on	 existing	 liquidity,	 cash	 generated	 from	 operations	 and	 access	 to	 capital	 to	 fund	 our	 global	 operations,	 credit	 and	
settlement	exposure,	capital	expenditures,	investments	in	our	business	and	current	and	potential	obligations.		The	following	table	
summarizes	the	cash,	cash	equivalents,	investments	and	credit	available	to	us	at	December	31:

Cash,	cash	equivalents	and	investments	1

Unused	line	of	credit

2022

2021

(in	billions)

7.4	 $	

8.0	

7.9	

6.0	

$	

1

Investments	 include	 available-for-sale	 securities	 and	 held-to-maturity	 securities.	 	 This	 amount	 excludes	 restricted	 cash	 and	 restricted	 cash	
equivalents	of	$2.2	billion	and	$2.5	billion	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	respectively.

We	believe	that	our	existing	cash,	cash	equivalents	and	investment	securities	balances,	our	cash	flow	generating	capabilities,	and	our	
access	 to	 capital	 resources	 are	 sufficient	 to	 satisfy	 our	 future	 operating	 cash	 needs,	 capital	 asset	 purchases,	 outstanding	
commitments	 and	 other	 liquidity	 requirements	 associated	 with	 our	 existing	 operations	 and	 potential	 obligations	 which	 include	
litigation	provisions	and	credit	and	settlement	exposure.

Our	liquidity	and	access	to	capital	could	be	negatively	impacted	by	global	credit	market	conditions.		We	guarantee	the	settlement	of	
many	 of	 the	 transactions	 between	 our	 customers.	 	 Historically,	 payments	 under	 these	 guarantees	 have	 not	 been	 significant;	
however,	 historical	 trends	 may	 not	 be	 an	 indication	 of	 potential	 future	 losses.	 	 The	 risk	 of	 loss	 on	 these	 guarantees	 is	 specific	 to	
individual	customers,	but	may	also	be	driven	by	regional	or	global	economic	conditions,	including,	but	not	limited	to	the	health	of	
the	financial	institutions	in	a	country	or	region.		See	Note	22	(Settlement	and	Other	Risk	Management)	to	the	consolidated	financial	
statements	in	Part	II,	Item	8	for	a	description	of	these	guarantees.

Our	liquidity	and	access	to	capital	could	also	be	negatively	impacted	by	the	outcome	of	any	of	the	legal	or	regulatory	proceedings	to	
which	we	are	a	party.		For	additional	discussion	of	these	and	other	risks	facing	our	business,	see	Part	I,	Item	1A	-	Risk	Factors	-	Legal	
and	Regulatory	Risks	and	Note	21	(Legal	and	Regulatory	Proceedings)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	
Item	8.

Cash	Flow

The	table	below	shows	a	summary	of	the	cash	flows	from	operating,	investing	and	financing	activities:

Net	cash	provided	by	operating	activities

Net	cash	used	in	investing	activities

Net	cash	used	in	financing	activities

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	11,195	 $	 9,463	 $	 7,224	

(1,470)	

(5,272)	

(1,879)	

	 (10,328)	

(6,555)	

(2,152)	

Net	 cash	 provided	 by	 operating	 activities	 increased	$1.7	 billion	 in	 2022	 versus	 the	 prior	 year,	 primarily	 due	 to	 higher	 net	 income	
adjusted	for	non-cash	items	and	timing	of	settlement	with	customers.

Net	cash	used	in	investing	activities	decreased	$3.8	billion	in	2022	versus	the	prior	year,	primarily	due	to	lower	business	acquisition	
activity	in	the	current	year.

58					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Net	cash	used	in	financing	activities	increased	$3.8	billion	in	2022	versus	the	prior	year,	primarily	due	to	higher	repurchases	of	our	
Class	A	common	stock	in	the	current	year.

Debt	and	Credit	Availability

In	February	2022,	we	issued	€750	million	($800	million	as	of	December	31,	2022)	principal	amount	of	notes	due	February	2029	(the	
“2022	EUR	Notes”).		In	July	2022,	we	entered	into	an	unsecured	INR22.7	billion	($275	million	as	of	December	31,	2022)	term	loan	
due	July	2023	(the	“INR	Term	Loan”).		During	2022,	€700	million	($724	million	as	of	the	maturity	date)	of	principal	related	to	the	
2015	 Euro	 Notes	 matured	 and	 was	 paid.	 	 Our	 total	 debt	 outstanding	 was	 $14.0	 billion	 at	 December	 31,	 2022,	 with	 the	 earliest	
maturity	of	INR22.7	billion	($275	million	as	of	December	31,	2022)	of	principal	occurring	in	July	2023.		

As	of	December	31,	2022,	we	have	a	commercial	paper	program	(the	“Commercial	Paper	Program”),	under	which	we	are	authorized	
to	issue	up	to	$6	billion	in	outstanding	notes,	with	maturities	up	to	397	days	from	the	date	of	issuance.		On	January	27,	2023,	we	
increased	our	Commercial	Paper	Program	from	$6	billion	to	$8	billion.		In	conjunction	with	the	Commercial	Paper	Program,	we	have	
a	committed	unsecured	$8	billion	revolving	credit	facility	(the	“Credit	Facility”)	which	now	expires	in	November	2027.	

Borrowings	under	the	Commercial	Paper	Program	and	the	Credit	Facility	are	to	be	used	to	provide	liquidity	for	general	corporate	
purposes,	including	providing	liquidity	in	the	event	of	one	or	more	settlement	failures	by	our	customers.		In	addition,	we	may	borrow	
and	 repay	 amounts	 under	 these	 facilities	 for	 business	 continuity	 purposes.	 	 We	 had	 no	 borrowings	 outstanding	 under	 the	
Commercial	Paper	Program	or	the	Credit	Facility	at	December	31,	2022.

See	 Note	 15	 (Debt)	 to	 the	 consolidated	 financial	 statements	 included	 in	 Part	 II,	 Item	 8	 for	 further	 discussion	 on	 our	 debt,	 the	
Commercial	Paper	Program	and	the	Credit	Facility.

Dividends	and	Share	Repurchases

We	 have	 historically	 paid	 quarterly	 dividends	 on	 our	 outstanding	 Class	 A	 common	 stock	 and	 Class	 B	 common	 stock.	 	 Subject	 to	
legally	available	funds,	we	intend	to	continue	to	pay	a	quarterly	cash	dividend.		The	declaration	and	payment	of	future	dividends	is	at	
the	 sole	 discretion	 of	 our	 Board	 of	 Directors	 after	 taking	 into	 account	 various	 factors,	 including	 our	 financial	 condition,	 operating	
results,	available	cash	and	current	and	anticipated	cash	needs.		

The	following	table	summarizes	the	annual,	per	share	dividends	paid	in	the	years	reflected:

Cash	dividend,	per	share

Cash	dividends	paid

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

$	

$	

1.96	 $	

1.76	 $	

1.60	

1,903	 $	

1,741	 $	

1,605	

On	 December	 6,	 2022,	 our	 Board	 of	 Directors	 declared	 a	 quarterly	 cash	 dividend	 of	$0.57	 per	 share	 paid	 on	 February	 9,	 2023	 to	
holders	 of	 record	 on	 January	 9,	 2023	 of	 our	 Class	 A	 common	 stock	 and	 Class	 B	 common	 stock.	 	 The	 aggregate	 amount	 of	 this	
dividend	was	$545	million.

On	 February	 14,	 2023,	 our	 Board	 of	 Directors	 declared	 a	 quarterly	 cash	 dividend	 of	 $0.57	 per	 share	 payable	 on	 May	 9,	 2023	 to	
holders	of	record	on	April	7,	2023	of	our	Class	A	common	stock	and	Class	B	common	stock.		The	aggregate	amount	of	this	dividend	is	
estimated	to	be	$543	million.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					59

PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

Repurchased	shares	of	our	common	stock	are	considered	treasury	stock.		In	December	2022,	November	2021	and	December	2020,	
our	Board	of	Directors	approved	share	repurchase	programs	of	our	Class	A	common	stock	authorizing	us	to	repurchase	up	to	$9.0	
billion,	$8.0	billion	and	$6.0	billion,	respectively.		The	program	approved	in	2022	will	become	effective	after	completion	of	the	share	
repurchase	program	approved	in	2021.		The	timing	and	actual	number	of	additional	shares	repurchased	will	depend	on	a	variety	of	
factors,	including	cash	requirements	to	meet	the	operating	needs	of	the	business,	legal	requirements,	as	well	as	the	share	price	and	
economic	and	market	conditions.		The	following	table	summarizes	our	share	repurchase	authorizations	and	repurchase	activity	of	
our	Class	A	common	stock	through	December	31,	2022:

Remaining	authorization	at	December	31,	2021

Dollar-value	of	shares	repurchased	in	2022

Remaining	authorization	at	December	31,	2022

Shares	repurchased	in	2022

Average	price	paid	per	share	in	2022

(in	millions,	except	
per	share	data)

$	

$	

$	

$	

11,927	

8,753	

12,174	

25.7	

340.60	

See	Note	16	(Stockholders'	Equity)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8	for	further	discussion.

Critical	Accounting	Estimates

The	application	of	GAAP	requires	us	to	make	estimates	and	assumptions	about	certain	items	and	future	events	that	directly	affect	
our	reported	financial	condition.		Our	significant	accounting	policies,	including	recent	accounting	pronouncements,	are	described	in	
Note	1	(Summary	of	Significant	Accounting	Policies)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8.	

Revenue	Recognition	-	Rebates	and	Incentives

We	enter	into	business	agreements	with	certain	customers	that	provide	for	rebates	and	incentives	when	customers	meet	certain	
volume	 thresholds	 or	 other	 incentives	 tied	 to	 customer	 performance.	 	 We	 consider	 various	 factors	 in	 estimating	 customer	
performance,	 including	 forecasted	 transactions,	 card	 issuance	 and	 card	 conversion	 volumes,	 expected	 payments	 and	 historical	
experience	with	that	customer.		Rebates	and	incentives	are	recorded	within	net	revenue	based	on	these	estimates	primarily	when	
volume-	 and	 transaction-	 based	 revenues	 are	 recognized	 over	 the	 contractual	 term.	 	 Differences	 between	 actual	 results	 and	 our	
estimates	 are	 adjusted	 in	 the	 period	 the	 customer	 reports	 actual	 performance.	 	 If	 our	 customers’	 actual	 performance	 is	 not	
consistent	with	our	estimates	of	their	performance,	net	revenue	may	be	materially	different.

Loss	Contingencies

We	 are	 currently	 involved	 in	 various	 claims	 and	 legal	 proceedings.	 	 We	 regularly	 review	 the	 status	 of	 each	 significant	 matter	 and	
assess	 its	 potential	 financial	 exposure.	 	 If	 the	 potential	 loss	 from	 any	 claim	 or	 legal	 proceeding	 is	 considered	 probable	 and	 the	
amount	 can	 be	 reasonably	 estimated,	 we	 accrue	 a	 liability	 for	 the	 estimated	 loss.	 	 Significant	 judgment	 is	 required	 in	 both	 the	
determination	of	probability	and	whether	an	exposure	is	reasonably	estimable.		Our	judgments	are	subjective	based	on	the	status	of	
the	legal	or	regulatory	proceedings,	the	merits	of	our	defenses	and	consultation	with	in-house	and	outside	legal	counsel.		Because	of	
uncertainties	 related	 to	 these	 matters,	 accruals	 are	 based	 only	 on	 the	 best	 information	 available	 at	 the	 time.	 	 As	 additional	
information	 becomes	 available,	 we	 reassess	 the	 potential	 liability	 related	 to	 pending	 claims	 and	 litigation	 and	 may	 revise	 our	
estimates.		Due	to	the	inherent	uncertainties	of	the	legal	and	regulatory	process	in	the	multiple	jurisdictions	in	which	we	operate,	
our	judgments	may	be	materially	different	than	the	actual	outcomes.		

Income	Taxes

In	calculating	our	effective	income	tax	rate,	estimates	are	required	regarding	the	timing	and	amount	of	taxable	and	deductible	items	
which	 will	 adjust	 the	 pretax	 income	 earned	 in	 various	 tax	 jurisdictions.	 	 Through	 our	 interpretation	 of	 local	 tax	 regulations,	
adjustments	 to	 pretax	 income	 for	 income	 earned	 in	 various	 tax	 jurisdictions	 are	 reflected	 within	 various	 tax	 filings.	 	 Although	 we	
believe	 that	 our	 estimates	 and	 judgments	 discussed	 herein	 are	 reasonable,	 actual	 results	 may	 be	 materially	 different	 than	 the	
estimated	amounts.

We	 record	 a	 valuation	 allowance	 to	 reduce	 our	 deferred	 tax	 assets	 to	 the	 amount	 that	 is	 more	 likely	 than	 not	 to	 be	 realized.		
Significant	 judgment	 is	 required	 in	 determining	 the	 valuation	 allowance.	 	 In	 assessing	 the	 need	 for	 a	 valuation	 allowance,	 we	
consider	 all	 sources	 of	 taxable	 income,	 including	 projected	 future	 taxable	 income,	 reversing	 taxable	 temporary	 differences	 and	
ongoing	tax	planning	strategies.		If	it	is	determined	that	we	are	able	to	realize	deferred	tax	assets	in	excess	of	the	net	carrying	value	

60					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
PART	II
ITEM	7.	MANAGEMENT’S	DISCUSSION	AND	ANALYSIS	OF	FINANCIAL	CONDITION	AND	RESULTS	OF	OPERATIONS

or	to	the	extent	we	are	unable	to	realize	a	deferred	tax	asset,	we	would	adjust	the	valuation	allowance	in	the	period	in	which	such	a	
determination	is	made,	with	a	corresponding	increase	or	decrease	to	earnings.

We	 record	 tax	 liabilities	 for	 uncertain	 tax	 positions	 taken,	 or	 expected	 to	 be	 taken,	 which	 may	 not	 be	 sustained	 or	 may	 only	 be	
partially	sustained,	upon	examination	by	the	relevant	taxing	authorities.		We	consider	all	relevant	facts	and	current	authorities	in	the	
tax	law	in	assessing	whether	any	benefit	resulting	from	an	uncertain	tax	position	is	more	likely	than	not	to	be	sustained	and,	if	so,	
how	 current	 law	 impacts	 the	 amount	 reflected	 within	 these	 financial	 statements.	 	 If	 upon	 examination,	 we	 realize	 a	 tax	 benefit	
which	is	not	fully	sustained	or	is	more	favorably	sustained,	this	would	generally	increase	earnings	in	the	period.		In	certain	situations,	
we	will	have	offsetting	tax	credits	or	taxes	in	other	jurisdictions.

Deferred	 taxes	 are	 established	 on	 the	 estimated	 foreign	 exchange	 gains	 or	 losses	 for	 foreign	 earnings	 that	 are	 not	 considered	
permanently	reinvested,	which	will	be	recognized	through	cumulative	translation	adjustments	as	incurred.		Ultimately,	the	working	
capital	requirements	of	foreign	affiliates	will	determine	the	amount	of	cash	to	be	remitted	from	respective	jurisdictions.

Business	Combinations

We	 account	 for	 our	 business	 combinations	 using	 the	 acquisition	 method	 of	 accounting.	 	 The	 acquisition	 purchase	 price,	 including	
contingent	consideration,	if	any,	is	allocated	to	the	underlying	identified,	tangible	and	intangible	assets,	liabilities	assumed	and	any	
non-controlling	 interest	 in	 the	 acquiree,	 based	 on	 their	 respective	 estimated	 fair	 values	 on	 the	 acquisition	 date.	 	 Any	 excess	 of	
purchase	 price	 over	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 net	 assets	 acquired,	 including	 identifiable	 intangible	 assets,	 is	 recorded	 as	 goodwill.	 	 The	
amounts	 and	 useful	 lives	 assigned	 to	 acquisition-related	 tangible	 and	 intangible	 assets	 impact	 the	 amount	 and	 timing	 of	 future	
amortization	expense.		We	use	various	valuation	techniques	to	determine	fair	value,	primarily	discounted	cash	flows	analysis,	relief-
from-royalty	 and	 multi-period	 excess	 earnings	 for	 estimating	 the	 value	 of	 intangible	 assets.	 	 These	 valuation	 techniques	 include	
comparable	 company	 multiples,	 discount	 rates,	 growth	 projections	 and	 other	 assumptions	 of	 future	 business	 conditions.		
Determining	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 assets	 acquired,	 liabilities	 assumed,	 any	 non-controlling	 interest	 in	 the	 acquiree	 and	 the	 expected	
useful	lives,	requires	management’s	judgment.		The	significance	of	management’s	estimates	and	assumptions	is	relative	to	the	size	
of	the	acquisition.		Our	estimates	are	based	upon	assumptions	believed	to	be	reasonable,	but	which	are	inherently	uncertain	and	
unpredictable.	

Item	 7A.	 Quantitative	 and	 qualitative	 disclosures	 about	 market	
risk

Market	risk	is	the	potential	for	economic	losses	to	be	incurred	on	market	risk	sensitive	instruments	arising	from	adverse	changes	in	
factors	such	as	interest	rates	and	foreign	currency	exchange	rates.		Our	exposure	to	market	risk	from	changes	in	interest	rates	and	
foreign	 exchange	 rates	 is	 limited.	 	 Management	 monitors	 risk	 exposures	 on	 an	 ongoing	 basis	 and	 establishes	 and	 oversees	 the	
implementation	of	policies	governing	our	funding,	investments	and	use	of	derivative	financial	instruments	to	manage	these	risks.		

Foreign	currency	and	interest	rate	exposures	are	managed	through	our	risk	management	activities,	which	are	discussed	further	in	
Note	23	(Derivative	and	Hedging	Instruments)	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8.		

Foreign	Exchange	Risk

We	 enter	 into	 foreign	 exchange	 derivative	 contracts	 to	 manage	 currency	 exposure	 associated	 with	 anticipated	 receipts	 and	
disbursements	 occurring	 in	 a	 currency	 other	 than	 the	 functional	 currency	 of	 the	 entity.	 	 We	 may	 also	 enter	 into	 foreign	 currency	
derivative	contracts	to	offset	possible	changes	in	value	of	assets	and	liabilities	due	to	foreign	exchange	fluctuations.		The	objective	of	
these	activities	is	to	reduce	our	exposure	to	transaction	gains	and	losses	resulting	from	fluctuations	of	foreign	currencies	against	our	
functional	 currencies,	 principally	 the	 U.S.	 dollar	 and	 euro.	 	 The	 effect	 of	 a	 hypothetical	 10%	 adverse	 change	 in	 the	 value	 of	 the	
functional	currencies	could	result	in	a	fair	value	loss	of	approximately	$94	million	and	$70	million	on	our	foreign	exchange	derivative	
contracts	 outstanding	 at	 December	 31,	 2022	 and	 2021,	 respectively,	 before	 considering	 the	 offsetting	 effect	 of	 the	 underlying	
hedged	activity.	

We	 are	 also	 subject	 to	 foreign	 exchange	 risk	 as	 part	 of	 our	 daily	 settlement	 activities.	 	 To	 manage	 this	 risk,	 we	 enter	 into	 short	
duration	foreign	exchange	contracts	based	upon	anticipated	receipts	and	disbursements	for	the	respective	currency	position.		This	
risk	 is	 typically	 limited	 to	 a	 few	 days	 between	 when	 a	 payment	 transaction	 takes	 place	 and	 the	 subsequent	 settlement	 with	 our	
customers.	 	 The	 effect	 of	 a	 hypothetical	 10%	 adverse	 change	 in	 the	 value	 of	 the	 functional	 currencies	 would	 not	 have	 a	 material	
impact	to	the	fair	value	of	our	short	duration	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts	outstanding	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	
respectively.	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					61

PART	II
ITEM	7A.	QUANTITATIVE	AND	QUALITATIVE	DISCLOSURES	ABOUT	MARKET	RISK

We	are	further	exposed	to	foreign	exchange	rate	risk	related	to	translation	of	our	net	investment	in	foreign	subsidiaries	where	the	
functional	currency	is	different	than	our	U.S.	dollar	reporting	currency.		To	manage	this	risk,	we	may	enter	into	foreign	exchange	
derivative	 contracts	 to	 hedge	 a	 portion	 of	 our	 net	 investment	 in	 foreign	 subsidiaries.	 	 The	 effect	 of	 a	 hypothetical	 10%	 adverse	
change	in	the	value	of	the	U.S.	dollar	could	result	in	a	fair	value	loss	of	approximately	$203	million	and	$165	million	on	our	foreign	
exchange	 derivative	 contracts	 designated	 as	 a	 net	 investment	 hedge	 at	 December	 31,	 2022	 and	 2021,	 respectively,	 before	
considering	the	offsetting	effect	of	the	underlying	hedged	activity.	

Interest	Rate	Risk

Our	available-for-sale	debt	investments	include	fixed	and	variable	rate	securities	that	are	sensitive	to	interest	rate	fluctuations.		Our	
policy	 is	 to	 invest	 in	 high	 quality	 securities,	 while	 providing	 adequate	 liquidity	 and	 maintaining	 diversification	 to	 avoid	 significant	
exposure.		A	hypothetical	100	basis	point	adverse	change	in	interest	rates	would	not	have	a	material	impact	to	the	fair	value	of	our	
investments	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021.	

We	 are	 also	 exposed	 to	 interest	 rate	 risk	 related	 to	 our	 fixed-rate	 debt.	 	 To	 manage	 this	 risk,	 we	 may	 enter	 into	 interest	 rate	
derivative	contracts	to	hedge	a	portion	of	our	fixed-rate	debt	that	is	exposed	to	changes	in	fair	value	attributable	to	changes	in	a	
benchmark	interest	rate.		The	effect	of	a	hypothetical	100	basis	point	adverse	change	in	interest	rates	could	result	in	a	fair	value	loss	
of	approximately	$36	million	and	$49	million	on	our	interest	rate	derivative	contracts	designated	as	a	fair	value	hedge	of	our	fixed-
rate	debt	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	respectively,	before	considering	the	offsetting	effect	of	the	underlying	hedged	activity.

62					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

Item	8.	Financial	statements	and	supplementary	data

Mastercard	Incorporated
Index	to	consolidated	financial	statements

		As	of	December	31,	2022	and	2021	and	for	the	years	ended	December	31,	2022,	2021	and	2020

Management’s	report	on	internal	control	over	financial	reporting

Report	of	independent	registered	public	accounting	firm	(PCAOB	ID	238)

Consolidated	Statement	of	Operations

Consolidated	Statement	of	Comprehensive	Income

Consolidated	Balance	Sheet

Consolidated	Statement	of	Changes	in	Equity

Consolidated	Statement	of	Cash	Flows

Notes	to	consolidated	financial	statements

Page

64

65

67

68

69

70

72

73

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					63

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

Management’s	report	on	internal	control	over	financial	reporting

The	 management	 of	 Mastercard	 Incorporated	 (“Mastercard”)	 is	 responsible	 for	 establishing	 and	 maintaining	 adequate	 internal	
control	 over	 financial	 reporting.	 	 Internal	 control	 over	 financial	 reporting	 is	 a	 process	 designed	 to	 provide	 reasonable	 assurance	
regarding	 the	 reliability	 of	 financial	 reporting	 and	 the	 preparation	 of	 financial	 statements	 for	 external	 reporting	 purposes	 in	
accordance	 with	 accounting	 principles	 generally	 accepted	 in	 the	 United	 States	 of	 America.	 	 Because	 of	 its	 inherent	 limitations,	
internal	control	over	financial	reporting	may	not	prevent	or	detect	misstatements.		As	required	by	Section	404	of	the	Sarbanes-Oxley	
Act	of	2002,	management	has	assessed	the	effectiveness	of	Mastercard’s	internal	control	over	financial	reporting	as	of	December	31,	
2022.		In	making	its	assessment,	management	has	utilized	the	criteria	set	forth	in	Internal	Control	-	Integrated	Framework	(2013)	
issued	by	the	Committee	of	Sponsoring	Organizations	of	the	Treadway	Commission	(COSO).		Management	has	concluded	that,	based	
on	its	assessment,	Mastercard’s	internal	control	over	financial	reporting	was	effective	as	of	December	31,	2022.		The	effectiveness	of	
Mastercard’s	internal	control	over	financial	reporting	as	of	December	31,	2022	has	been	audited	by	PricewaterhouseCoopers	LLP,	an	
independent	registered	public	accounting	firm,	as	stated	in	their	report	which	appears	on	the	next	page.

64					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

Report	of	Independent	Registered	Public	Accounting	Firm

To	the	Board	of	Directors	and	Stockholders	of	Mastercard	Incorporated

Opinions	on	the	Financial	Statements	and	Internal	Control	over	Financial	Reporting

We	have	audited	the	accompanying	consolidated	balance	sheet	of	Mastercard	Incorporated	and	its	subsidiaries	(the	“Company”)	as	
of	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	and	the	related	consolidated	statements	of	operations,	comprehensive	income,	changes	in	equity	
and	cash	flows	for	each	of	the	three	years	in	the	period	ended	December	31,	2022,	including	the	related	notes	(collectively	referred	
to	as	the	“consolidated	financial	statements”).		We	also	have	audited	the	Company’s	internal	control	over	financial	reporting	as	of	
December	 31,	 2022,	 based	 on	 criteria	 established	 in	 Internal	 Control	 -	 Integrated	 Framework	 (2013)	 issued	 by	 the	 Committee	 of	
Sponsoring	Organizations	of	the	Treadway	Commission	(COSO).

In	our	opinion,	the	consolidated	financial	statements	referred	to	above	present	fairly,	in	all	material	respects,	the	financial	position	
of	the	Company	as	of	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	and	the	results	of	its	operations	and	its	cash	flows	for	each	of	the	three	years	in	
the	period	ended	December	31,	2022	in	conformity	with	accounting	principles	generally	accepted	in	the	United	States	of	America.		
Also	 in	 our	 opinion,	 the	 Company	 maintained,	 in	 all	 material	 respects,	 effective	 internal	 control	 over	 financial	 reporting	 as	 of	
December	31,	2022,	based	on	criteria	established	in	Internal	Control	-	Integrated	Framework	(2013)	issued	by	the	COSO.

Basis	for	Opinions

The	 Company’s	 management	 is	 responsible	 for	 these	 consolidated	 financial	 statements,	 for	 maintaining	 effective	 internal	 control	
over	 financial	 reporting,	 and	 for	 its	 assessment	 of	 the	 effectiveness	 of	 internal	 control	 over	 financial	 reporting,	 included	 in	 the	
accompanying	Management’s	Report	on	internal	control	over	financial	reporting.		Our	responsibility	is	to	express	opinions	on	the	
Company’s	consolidated	financial	statements	and	on	the	Company’s	internal	control	over	financial	reporting	based	on	our	audits.		
We	are	a	public	accounting	firm	registered	with	the	Public	Company	Accounting	Oversight	Board	(United	States)	(PCAOB)	and	are	
required	to	be	independent	with	respect	to	the	Company	in	accordance	with	the	U.S.	federal	securities	laws	and	the	applicable	rules	
and	regulations	of	the	Securities	and	Exchange	Commission	and	the	PCAOB.

We	conducted	our	audits	in	accordance	with	the	standards	of	the	PCAOB.		Those	standards	require	that	we	plan	and	perform	the	
audits	 to	 obtain	 reasonable	 assurance	 about	 whether	 the	 consolidated	 financial	 statements	 are	 free	 of	 material	 misstatement,	
whether	 due	 to	 error	 or	 fraud,	 and	 whether	 effective	 internal	 control	 over	 financial	 reporting	 was	 maintained	 in	 all	 material	
respects.

Our	audits	of	the	consolidated	financial	statements	included	performing	procedures	to	assess	the	risks	of	material	misstatement	of	
the	consolidated	financial	statements,	whether	due	to	error	or	fraud,	and	performing	procedures	that	respond	to	those	risks.		Such	
procedures	 included	 examining,	 on	 a	 test	 basis,	 evidence	 regarding	 the	 amounts	 and	 disclosures	 in	 the	 consolidated	 financial	
statements.		Our	audits	also	included	evaluating	the	accounting	principles	used	and	significant	estimates	made	by	management,	as	
well	 as	 evaluating	 the	 overall	 presentation	 of	 the	 consolidated	 financial	 statements.	 	 Our	 audit	 of	 internal	 control	 over	 financial	
reporting	 included	 obtaining	 an	 understanding	 of	 internal	 control	 over	 financial	 reporting,	 assessing	 the	 risk	 that	 a	 material	
weakness	exists,	and	testing	and	evaluating	the	design	and	operating	effectiveness	of	internal	control	based	on	the	assessed	risk.		
Our	audits	also	included	performing	such	other	procedures	as	we	considered	necessary	in	the	circumstances.		We	believe	that	our	
audits	provide	a	reasonable	basis	for	our	opinions.

Definition	and	Limitations	of	Internal	Control	over	Financial	Reporting

A	company’s	internal	control	over	financial	reporting	is	a	process	designed	to	provide	reasonable	assurance	regarding	the	reliability	
of	 financial	 reporting	 and	 the	 preparation	 of	 financial	 statements	 for	 external	 purposes	 in	 accordance	 with	 generally	 accepted	
accounting	principles.		A	company’s	internal	control	over	financial	reporting	includes	those	policies	and	procedures	that	(i)	pertain	to	
the	maintenance	of	records	that,	in	reasonable	detail,	accurately	and	fairly	reflect	the	transactions	and	dispositions	of	the	assets	of	
the	 company;	 (ii)	 provide	 reasonable	 assurance	 that	 transactions	 are	 recorded	 as	 necessary	 to	 permit	 preparation	 of	 financial	
statements	 in	 accordance	 with	 generally	 accepted	 accounting	 principles,	 and	 that	 receipts	 and	 expenditures	 of	 the	 company	 are	
being	 made	 only	 in	 accordance	 with	 authorizations	 of	 management	 and	 directors	 of	 the	 company;	 and	 (iii)	 provide	 reasonable	
assurance	 regarding	 prevention	 or	 timely	 detection	 of	 unauthorized	 acquisition,	 use,	 or	 disposition	 of	 the	 company’s	 assets	 that	
could	have	a	material	effect	on	the	financial	statements.

Because	 of	 its	 inherent	 limitations,	 internal	 control	 over	 financial	 reporting	 may	 not	 prevent	 or	 detect	 misstatements.	 	 Also,	
projections	of	any	evaluation	of	effectiveness	to	future	periods	are	subject	to	the	risk	that	controls	may	become	inadequate	because	
of	changes	in	conditions,	or	that	the	degree	of	compliance	with	the	policies	or	procedures	may	deteriorate.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					65

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

Critical	Audit	Matters

The	 critical	 audit	 matter	 communicated	 below	 is	 a	 matter	 arising	 from	 the	 current	 period	 audit	 of	 the	 consolidated	 financial	
statements	 that	 was	 communicated	 or	 required	 to	 be	 communicated	 to	 the	 audit	 committee	 and	 that	 (i)	 relates	 to	 accounts	 or	
disclosures	 that	 are	 material	 to	 the	 consolidated	 financial	 statements	 and	 (ii)	 involved	 our	 especially	 challenging,	 subjective,	 or	
complex	judgments.		The	communication	of	critical	audit	matters	does	not	alter	in	any	way	our	opinion	on	the	consolidated	financial	
statements,	taken	as	a	whole,	and	we	are	not,	by	communicating	the	critical	audit	matter	below,	providing	a	separate	opinion	on	the	
critical	audit	matter	or	on	the	accounts	or	disclosures	to	which	it	relates.

Revenue	Recognition	-	Rebates	and	Incentives

As	described	in	Notes	1	and	3	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements,	the	Company	provides	certain	customers	with	rebates	and	
incentives	 which	 are	 a	 portion	 of	 total	 net	 revenue	 of	 $22.2	 billion	 for	 the	 year	 ended	 December	 31,	 2022.	 	 The	 Company	 has	
business	agreements	with	certain	customers	that	provide	for	rebates	and	incentives	within	net	revenue	that	could	be	either	fixed	or	
variable.		Variable	rebates	and	incentives	are	recorded	primarily	when	volume-	and	transaction-based	revenues	are	recognized	over	
the	contractual	term.		Variable	rebates	and	incentives	are	calculated	based	upon	estimated	customer	performance,	such	as	volume	
thresholds,	 and	 the	 terms	 of	 the	 related	 business	 agreements.	 	 As	 disclosed	 by	 management,	 various	 factors	 are	 considered	 in	
estimating	 customer	 performance,	 including	 forecasted	 transactions,	 card	 issuance	 and	 card	 conversion	 volumes,	 expected	
payments	and	historical	experience	with	that	customer.

The	principal	considerations	for	our	determination	that	performing	procedures	relating	to	rebates	and	incentives	is	a	critical	audit	
matter	 are	 (i)	 the	 significant	 judgment	 by	 management	 when	 developing	 estimates	 related	 to	 rebates	 and	 incentives	 based	 on	
customer	performance;	and	(ii)	a	high	degree	of	auditor	judgment,	subjectivity	and	effort	in	performing	procedures	and	evaluating	
management’s	 estimates	 related	 to	 customer	 performance,	 including	 the	 reasonableness	 of	 the	 various	 applicable	 factors	
considered	by	management	in	the	estimate.

Addressing	the	matter	involved	performing	procedures	and	evaluating	audit	evidence	in	connection	with	forming	our	overall	opinion	
on	the	consolidated	financial	statements.		These	procedures	included	testing	the	effectiveness	of	controls	relating	to	rebates	and	
incentives,	 including	 controls	 over	 evaluating	 estimated	 customer	 performance.	 	 These	 procedures	 also	 included,	 among	 others,	
evaluating	the	reasonableness	of	estimated	customer	performance	for	a	sample	of	customer	agreements,	including	(i)	evaluating	the	
agreements	to	identify	whether	all	rebates	and	incentives	are	identified	and	recorded	accurately;	(ii)	testing	management’s	process	
for	 developing	 estimated	 customer	 performance,	 including	 evaluating	 the	 reasonableness	 of	 the	 various	 applicable	 factors	
considered	by	management;	and	(iii)	evaluating	estimated	customer	performance	as	compared	to	actual	results	in	the	period	the	
customer	reports	actual	performance.		

/s/	PricewaterhouseCoopers	LLP

New	York,	New	York
February	14,	2023	

We	have	served	as	the	Company’s	auditor	since	1989.

66					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

Consolidated	Statement	of	Operations

Net	Revenue
Operating	Expenses:

General	and	administrative
Advertising	and	marketing
Depreciation	and	amortization
Provision	for	litigation
Total	operating	expenses
Operating	income
Other	Income	(Expense):
Investment	income
Gains	(losses)	on	equity	investments,	net
Interest	expense
Other	income	(expense),	net

Total	other	income	(expense)
Income	before	income	taxes
Income	tax	expense
Net	Income

Basic	Earnings	per	Share
Basic	weighted-average	shares	outstanding
Diluted	Earnings	per	Share
Diluted	weighted-average	shares	outstanding

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

$	

22,237	 $	

18,884	 $	

15,301	

8,078	
789	
750	
356	
9,973	
12,264	

61	
(145)	
(471)	
23	
(532)	
11,732	
1,802	
9,930	 $	

10.26	 $	
968	
10.22	 $	
971	

7,087	
895	
726	
94	
8,802	
10,082	

11	
645	
(431)	
—	
225	
10,307	
1,620	
8,687	 $	

8.79	 $	
988	
8.76	 $	
992	

5,910	
657	
580	
73	
7,220	
8,081	

24	
30	
(380)	
5	
(321)	
7,760	
1,349	
6,411	

6.40	
1,002	
6.37	
1,006	

$	

$	

$	

The	accompanying	notes	are	an	integral	part	of	these	consolidated	financial	statements.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					67

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

Consolidated	Statement	of	Comprehensive	Income

Net	Income
Other	comprehensive	income	(loss):

Foreign	currency	translation	adjustments

Income	tax	effect

Foreign	currency	translation	adjustments,	net	of	income	tax	effect

Translation	adjustments	on	net	investment	hedges

Income	tax	effect

Translation	adjustments	on	net	investment	hedges,	net	of	income	tax	effect

Cash	flow	hedges

Income	tax	effect

Reclassification	adjustment	for	cash	flow	hedges

Income	tax	effect

Cash	flow	hedges,	net	of	income	tax	effect

Defined	benefit	pension	and	other	postretirement	plans

Income	tax	effect

Reclassification	adjustment	for	defined	benefit	pension	and	other	postretirement	plans

Income	tax	effect

Defined	benefit	pension	and	other	postretirement	plans,	net	of	income	tax	effect

Investment	securities	available-for-sale

Income	tax	effect

Investment	securities	available-for-sale,	net	of	income	tax	effect

Other	comprehensive	income	(loss),	net	of	income	tax	effect
Comprehensive	Income

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)
$	 9,930	 $	 8,687	 $	 6,411	

(712)	
37	
(675)	

353	
(78)	
275	

1	
—	
(10)	
2	
(7)	

(45)	
14	
(1)	
—	
(32)	

(6)	
1	
(5)	

(442)	
55	
(387)	

269	
(60)	
209	

6	
(1)	
5	
(1)	
9	

57	
(14)	
(2)	
—	
41	

(1)	
—	
(1)	

345	
(59)	
286	

(177)	
40	
(137)	

(189)	
42	
4	
(1)	
(144)	

(12)	
2	
(1)	
—	
(11)	

(1)	
—	
(1)	

(444)	

(7)	
$	 9,486	 $	 8,558	 $	 6,404	

(129)	

The	accompanying	notes	are	an	integral	part	of	these	consolidated	financial	statements.

68					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Consolidated	Balance	Sheet

Assets
Current	assets:

Cash	and	cash	equivalents
Restricted	cash	for	litigation	settlement
Investments
Accounts	receivable
Settlement	assets
Restricted	security	deposits	held	for	customers
Prepaid	expenses	and	other	current	assets

Total	current	assets
Property,	equipment	and	right-of-use	assets,	net
Deferred	income	taxes
Goodwill
Other	intangible	assets,	net
Other	assets
Total	Assets

Liabilities,	Redeemable	Non-controlling	Interests	and	Equity
Current	liabilities:

Accounts	payable
Settlement	obligations
Restricted	security	deposits	held	for	customers
Accrued	litigation
Accrued	expenses
Short-term	debt
Other	current	liabilities

Total	current	liabilities
Long-term	debt
Deferred	income	taxes
Other	liabilities
Total	Liabilities

Commitments	and	Contingencies

Redeemable	Non-controlling	Interests

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

December	31,

2022

2021

(in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

$	

$	

$	

7,008	 $	
589	
400	
3,425	
1,270	
1,568	
2,346	
16,606	
2,006	
1,151	
7,522	
3,859	
7,580	

38,724	 $	

926	 $	

1,111	
1,568	
1,094	
7,801	
274	
1,397	
14,171	
13,749	
393	
4,034	
32,347	

21	

—	

—	
5,298	
(51,354)	
53,607	
(1,253)	
6,298	
58	
6,356	

7,421	
586	
473	
3,006	
1,319	
1,873	
2,271	
16,949	
1,907	
486	
7,662	
3,671	
6,994	
37,669	

738	
913	
1,873	
840	
6,642	
792	
1,364	
13,162	
13,109	
395	
3,591	
30,257	

29	

—	

—	
5,061	
(42,588)	
45,648	
(809)	
7,312	
71	
7,383	

Stockholders’	Equity
Class	A	common	stock,	$0.0001	par	value;	authorized	3,000	shares,	1,399	and	1,397	shares	

issued	and	948	and	972	shares	outstanding,	respectively

Class	B	common	stock,	$0.0001	par	value;	authorized	1,200	shares,	8	shares	issued	and	

outstanding

Additional	paid-in-capital
Class	A	treasury	stock,	at	cost,	451	and	425	shares,	respectively
Retained	earnings
Accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)
Mastercard	Incorporated	Stockholders'	Equity
Non-controlling	interests
Total	Equity

Total	Liabilities,	Redeemable	Non-controlling	Interests	and	Equity

$	

38,724	 $	

37,669	

The	accompanying	notes	are	an	integral	part	of	these	consolidated	financial	statements.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					69

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

Consolidated	Statement	of	Changes	in	Equity

Stockholders’	Equity

Common	Stock

Class	A

Class	B

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Class	A
Treasury
Stock

Retained
Earnings	

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income	(Loss)

Mastercard	
Incorporated	
Stockholders'	
Equity

Non-
Controlling
Interests

Total
Equity

(in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

$	 —	 $	 —	 $	 4,787	 $	(32,205)	 $	33,984	 $	

(673)	 $	

5,893	 $	

24	 $	 5,917	

	 —	

	 —	

195	

6	

	 —	

	 —	

4,982	

	 (36,658)	

	 38,747	

(680)	

Balance	at	December	
31,	2019
Net	income	

Activity	related	to	
non-controlling	
interests
Redeemable	non-
controlling	interest	
adjustments

Other	comprehensive	
income	(loss)

Dividends

Purchases	of	treasury	
stock
Share-based	
payments
Balance	at	December	
31,	2020
Net	income

Activity	related	to	
non-controlling	
interests
Acquisition	of	non-
controlling	interest

Redeemable	non-
controlling	interest	
adjustments

Other	comprehensive	
income	(loss)

Dividends

Purchases	of	treasury	
stock
Share-based	
payments
Balance	at	December	
31,	2021

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

—	

—	

	 —	

	 —	

(122)	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

	 6,411	

—	

—	

—	

—	

(4,459)	

—	

(7)	

—	

	 (1,641)	

—	

—	

—	

	 8,687	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

(5,934)	

—	

—	

(5)	

—	

	 (1,781)	

—	

—	

	 —	

	 —	

201	

4	

—	

—	

—	

(7)	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

(129)	

—	

—	

—	

6,411	

—	

6,411	

—	

(7)	

(7)	

(1,641)	

(4,459)	

201	

6,391	

8,687	

73	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

97	

—	

73	

(7)	

(7)	

(1,641)	

(4,459)	

201	

6,488	

8,687	

—	

(9)	

(9)	

(122)	

(17)	

(139)	

(5)	

(129)	

(1,781)	

(5,934)	

205	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

(5)	

(129)	

(1,781)	

(5,934)	

205	

	 —	

	 —	

5,061	

	 (42,588)	

	 45,648	

(809)	

7,312	

71	

7,383	

70					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

Consolidated	Statement	of	Changes	in	Equity	(Continued)

Stockholders’	Equity

Common	Stock

Class	A

Class	B

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Class	A
Treasury
Stock

Retained
Earnings	

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income	(Loss)

Mastercard	
Incorporated	
Stockholders'	
Equity

Non-
Controlling
Interests

Total
Equity

(in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

Balance	at	December	
31,	2021
Net	income

Activity	related	to	
non-controlling	
interests
Redeemable	non-
controlling	interest	
adjustments	

Other	comprehensive	
income	(loss)

Dividends

Purchases	of	treasury	
stock
Share-based	
payments
Balance	at	December	
31,	2022

	 —	

	 —	

5,061	

	 (42,588)	

	 45,648	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

	 9,930	

—	

—	

—	

—	

(8,773)	

—	

(3)	

—	

	 (1,968)	

—	

—	

	 —	

	 —	

237	

7	

(809)	

—	

7,312	

9,930	

71	

—	

7,383	

9,930	

—	

—	

(444)	

—	

—	

—	

—	

(13)	

(13)	

(3)	

(444)	

(1,968)	

(8,773)	

244	

(3)	

(444)	

(1,968)	

(8,773)	

244	

—	

—	

—	

—	

$	 —	 $	 —	 $	 5,298	 $	(51,354)	 $	53,607	 $	

(1,253)	 $	

6,298	 $	

58	 $	 6,356	

The	accompanying	notes	are	an	integral	part	of	these	consolidated	financial	statements.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					71

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA

Consolidated	Statement	of	Cash	Flows

For	the	Years	Ended	December	31,
2021
(in	millions)

2020

2022

Operating	Activities
Net	income
Adjustments	to	reconcile	net	income	to	net	cash	provided	by	operating	activities:

$	

9,930	 $	

8,687	 $	

6,411	

Amortization	of	customer	and	merchant	incentives
Depreciation	and	amortization
(Gains)	losses	on	equity	investments,	net
Share-based	compensation
Deferred	income	taxes
Other
Changes	in	operating	assets	and	liabilities:

Accounts	receivable
Income	taxes	receivable
Settlement	assets
Prepaid	expenses
Accrued	litigation	and	legal	settlements
Restricted	security	deposits	held	for	customers
Accounts	payable
Settlement	obligations
Accrued	expenses
Long-term	taxes	payable
Net	change	in	other	assets	and	liabilities

Net	cash	provided	by	operating	activities
Investing	Activities

Purchases	of	investment	securities	available-for-sale
Purchases	of	investments	held-to-maturity
Proceeds	from	sales	of	investment	securities	available-for-sale
Proceeds	from	maturities	of	investment	securities	available-for-sale
Proceeds	from	maturities	of	investments	held-to-maturity
Purchases	of	property	and	equipment
Capitalized	software
Purchases	of	equity	investments
Proceeds	from	sales	of	equity	investments
Acquisition	of	businesses,	net	of	cash	acquired
Settlement	of	interest	rate	derivative	contracts
Other	investing	activities

Net	cash	used	in	investing	activities
Financing	Activities

Purchases	of	treasury	stock
Dividends	paid
Proceeds	from	debt,	net
Payment	of	debt
Acquisition	of	redeemable	non-controlling	interests
Acquisition	of	non-controlling	interest
Contingent	consideration	paid
Tax	withholdings	related	to	share-based	payments
Cash	proceeds	from	exercise	of	stock	options
Other	financing	activities

Net	cash	used	in	financing	activities
Effect	of	exchange	rate	changes	on	cash,	cash	equivalents,	restricted	cash	and	restricted	cash	equivalents
Net	increase	(decrease)	in	cash,	cash	equivalents,	restricted	cash	and	restricted	cash	equivalents
Cash,	cash	equivalents,	restricted	cash	and	restricted	cash	equivalents	-	beginning	of	period
Cash,	cash	equivalents,	restricted	cash	and	restricted	cash	equivalents	-	end	of	period

$	

1,586	
750	
145	
295	
(651)	
44	

(481)	
12	
48	
(2,175)	
240	
(305)	
190	
201	
1,188	
(121)	
299	
11,195	

(267)	
(239)	
54	
211	
265	
(442)	
(655)	
(88)	
7	
(313)	
—	
(3)	
(1,470)	

1,371	
726	
(645)	
273	
(69)	
36	

(397)	
(87)	
390	
(2,087)	
(1)	
177	
100	
(568)	
1,355	
(52)	
254	
9,463	

(389)	
(294)	
83	
291	
296	
(407)	
(407)	
(228)	
186	
(4,436)	
—	
33	
(5,272)	

1,072	
580	
(30)	
254	
73	
14	

(86)	
(2)	
1,288	
(1,552)	
(73)	
326	
26	
(1,242)	
(114)	
(37)	
316	
7,224	

(220)	
(198)	
361	
140	
121	
(339)	
(369)	
(214)	
—	
(989)	
(175)	
3	
(1,879)	

(8,753)	
(1,903)	
1,123	
(724)	
(4)	
—	
—	
(141)	
90	
(16)	
(10,328)	
(103)	
(706)	
9,902	
9,196	 $	

(5,904)	
(1,741)	
2,024	
(650)	
—	
(133)	
(64)	
(133)	
61	
(15)	
(6,555)	
(153)	
(2,517)	
12,419	

(4,473)	
(1,605)	
3,959	
—	
(49)	
—	
—	
(150)	
97	
69	
(2,152)	
257	
3,450	
8,969	
9,902	 $	 12,419	

The	accompanying	notes	are	an	integral	part	of	these	consolidated	financial	statements.

72					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Notes	to	consolidated	financial	statements

Note	1.	Summary	of	Significant	Accounting	Policies	

Organization

its	 consolidated	 subsidiaries,	

Mastercard	 Incorporated	 and	
including	 Mastercard	 International	 Incorporated	 (“Mastercard	
International”	and	together	with	Mastercard	Incorporated,	“Mastercard”	or	the	“Company”),	is	a	technology	company	in	the	global	
payments	industry.		Mastercard	connects	consumers,	financial	institutions,	merchants,	governments,	digital	partners,	businesses	and	
other	 organizations	 worldwide	 by	 enabling	 electronic	 forms	 of	 payment	 instead	 of	 cash	 and	 checks	 and	 making	 those	 payment	
transactions	safe,	simple,	smart	and	accessible.		The	Company	makes	payments	easier	and	more	efficient	by	providing	a	wide	range	
of	 payment	 solutions	 and	 services	 through	 its	 family	 of	 well-known	 and	 trusted	 brands,	 including	 Mastercard®,	 Maestro®	 and	
Cirrus®.	 	 The	 Company	 operates	 a	 multi-rail	 payments	 network	 that	 provides	 choice	 and	 flexibility	 for	 consumers,	 merchants	 and	
Mastercard	customers.		Through	its	unique	and	proprietary	core	global	payments	network,	the	Company	switches	(authorizes,	clears	
and	settles)	payment	transactions.		The	Company	has	additional	payment	capabilities	that	include	automated	clearing	house	(“ACH”)	
transactions	(both	batch	and	real-time	account-based	payments).		Using	these	capabilities,	the	Company	offers	integrated	payment	
products	 and	 services	 and	 captures	 new	 payment	 flows.	 	 The	 Company’s	 value-added	 services	 include,	 among	 others,	 cyber	 and	
intelligence	solutions	to	allow	all	parties	to	transact	easily	and	with	confidence,	as	well	as	other	services	that	provide	proprietary	
insights,	 drawing	 on	 Mastercard’s	 principled	 use	 of	 secure	 consumer	 and	 merchant	 data.	 	 The	 Company’s	 investments	 in	 new	
networks,	 such	 as	 open	 banking	 solutions	 and	 digital	 identity	 capabilities,	 support	 and	 strengthen	 our	 payments	 and	 services	
solutions.	The	Company’s	franchise	model	sets	the	standards	and	ground-rules	for	our	core	global	payments	network	that	balance	
value	and	risk	across	all	stakeholders	and	allows	for	interoperability	among	them.		The	Company’s	payment	solutions	are	designed	
to	ensure	safety	and	security	for	the	global	payments	ecosystem.

Mastercard	 is	 not	 a	 financial	 institution.	 	 The	 Company	 does	 not	 issue	 cards,	 extend	 credit,	 determine	 or	 receive	 revenue	 from	
interest	 rates	 or	 other	 fees	 charged	 to	 account	 holders	 by	 issuers,	 or	 establish	 the	 rates	 charged	 by	 acquirers	 in	 connection	 with	
merchants’	acceptance	of	the	Company’s	products.		In	most	cases,	account	holder	relationships	belong	to,	and	are	managed	by,	the	
Company’s	financial	institution	customers.

Significant	Accounting	Policies

Consolidation	and	basis	of	presentation	-	The	consolidated	financial	statements	include	the	accounts	of	Mastercard	and	its	majority-
owned	 and	 controlled	 entities,	 including	 any	 variable	 interest	 entities	 (“VIEs”)	 for	 which	 the	 Company	 is	 the	 primary	 beneficiary.		
Investments	in	VIEs	for	which	the	Company	is	not	considered	the	primary	beneficiary	are	not	consolidated	and	are	accounted	for	as	
marketable,	 equity	 method	 or	 measurement	 alternative	 method	 investments	 and	 recorded	 in	 other	 assets	 on	 the	 consolidated	
balance	sheet.		At	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	there	were	no	significant	VIEs	which	required	consolidation	and	the	investments	
were	not	considered	material	to	the	consolidated	financial	statements.		The	Company	consolidates	acquisitions	as	of	the	date	on	
which	the	Company	has	obtained	a	controlling	financial	interest.		Intercompany	transactions	and	balances	have	been	eliminated	in	
consolidation.		During	2022,	the	Company	updated	its	disaggregated	net	revenue	presentation	by	category	and	geography	to	reflect	
the	 nature	 of	 its	 payment	 services	 and	 to	 align	 such	 information	 with	 the	 way	 in	 which	 management	 will	 prospectively	 view	 its	
categories	of	net	revenue.		Prior	period	amounts	have	been	reclassified	to	conform	to	the	2022	presentation.		The	reclassification	
had	 no	 impact	 on	 previously	 reported	 total	 net	 revenue,	 operating	 income	 or	 net	 income.	 	 The	 Company	 follows	 accounting	
principles	generally	accepted	in	the	United	States	of	America	(“GAAP”).

Non-controlling	 interests	 represent	 the	 equity	 interest	 not	 owned	 by	 the	 Company	 and	 are	 recorded	 for	 consolidated	 entities	 in	
which	 the	 Company	 owns	 less	 than	 100%	 of	 the	 interests.	 	 Changes	 in	 a	 parent’s	 ownership	 interest	 while	 the	 parent	 retains	 its	
controlling	interest	are	accounted	for	as	equity	transactions,	and	upon	loss	of	control,	retained	ownership	interests	are	remeasured	
at	 fair	 value,	 with	 any	 gain	 or	 loss	 recognized	 in	 earnings.	 	 For	 2022,	 2021	 and	 2020,	 net	 losses	 attributable	 to	 non-controlling	
interests	were	not	material	and,	as	a	result,	amounts	are	included	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations	within	other	income	
(expense).	

Use	of	estimates	-	The	preparation	of	financial	statements	in	conformity	with	GAAP	requires	management	to	make	estimates	and	
assumptions	that	affect	the	reported	amounts	of	assets	and	liabilities	and	disclosure	of	contingent	assets	and	liabilities	at	the	date	of	
the	financial	statements	and	the	reported	amounts	of	revenue	and	expenses	during	the	reporting	periods.		Future	events	and	their	
effects	 cannot	 be	 predicted	 with	 certainty;	 accordingly,	 accounting	 estimates	 require	 the	 exercise	 of	 judgment.	 	 These	 financial	
statements	were	prepared	using	information	reasonably	available	as	of	December	31,	2022	and	through	the	date	of	this	Report.		The	
accounting	estimates	used	in	the	preparation	of	the	Company’s	consolidated	financial	statements	may	change	as	new	events	occur,	
as	more	experience	is	acquired,	as	additional	information	is	obtained	and	as	the	Company’s	operating	environment	changes.		Actual	
results	may	differ	from	these	estimates.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					73

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Revenue	recognition	-	Revenue	is	recognized	to	depict	the	transfer	of	promised	services	to	customers	in	an	amount	that	reflects	the	
consideration	to	which	the	Company	expects	to	be	entitled	to	in	exchange	for	those	services.

Revenue	from	the	Company’s	payment	network	is	primarily	generated	by	charging	fees	to	customers	(issuers,	acquirers	and	other	
market	 participants)	 for	 providing	 switching	 and	 other	 network-related	 services,	 as	 well	 as	 by	 charging	 fees	 to	 customers	 based	
primarily	on	the	gross	dollar	volume	of	activity	(GDV,	which	includes	both	domestic	and	cross-border	volume)	on	the	cards	that	carry	
the	Company’s	brands.		Revenue	is	recognized	in	the	period	in	which	the	related	transactions	and	volume	occur.		Certain	volume-
based	revenue	is	determined	from	information	reported	by	customers.

Revenue	from	the	Company’s	value-added	services	and	solutions	is	generated	through	either	fixed	or	transaction-based	fees.		These	
services	and	solutions	can	be	integrated	and	sold	with	the	Company’s	payment	network	services	or	can	be	sold	on	a	stand-alone	
basis.		Revenue	from	the	Company’s	value-added	services	and	solutions	is	recognized	in	the	period	in	which	the	related	services	and	
solutions	are	performed	or	transactions	occur.		For	services	provided	to	customers	where	delivery	involves	the	use	of	a	third-party,	
the	Company	recognizes	revenue	on	a	gross	basis	if	it	acts	as	the	principal,	controlling	the	service	to	the	customer,	or	on	a	net	basis	
if	it	acts	as	the	agent,	arranging	for	the	service	to	be	provided.		

Mastercard	has	business	agreements	with	certain	customers	that	provide	for	rebates	and	incentives	within	net	revenue	that	could	
be	 either	 fixed	 or	 variable.	 	 Fixed	 incentives	 typically	 represent	 payments	 to	 a	 customer	 directly	 related	 to	 entering	 into	 an	
agreement,	which	are	generally	capitalized	and	amortized	over	the	life	of	the	agreement	on	a	straight-line	basis.		Variable	rebates	
and	 incentives	 are	 recorded	 primarily	 when	 volume-	 and	 transaction-based	 revenues	 are	 recognized	 over	 the	 contractual	 term.		
Variable	 rebates	 and	 incentives	 are	 calculated	 based	 upon	 estimated	 customer	 performance,	 such	 as	 volume	 thresholds,	 and	 the	
terms	of	the	related	business	agreements.				

Contract	assets	include	unbilled	consideration	typically	resulting	from	executed	data	analytic	and	consulting	services	performed	for	
customers	in	connection	with	Mastercard’s	payments	network	service	arrangements.		Collection	for	these	services	typically	occurs	
over	 the	 contractual	 term.	 	 Contract	 assets	 are	 included	 in	 prepaid	 expenses	 and	 other	 current	 assets	 and	 other	 assets	 on	 the	
consolidated	balance	sheet.		

The	 Company	 defers	 the	 recognition	 of	 revenue	 when	 consideration	 has	 been	 received	 prior	 to	 the	 satisfaction	 of	 performance	
obligations.		As	these	performance	obligations	are	satisfied,	revenue	is	subsequently	recognized.		Deferred	revenue	primarily	relates	
to	certain	value-added	services	and	solutions.		Deferred	revenue	is	included	in	other	current	liabilities	and	other	liabilities	on	the	
consolidated	balance	sheet.

Business	 combinations	 -	 The	 Company	 accounts	 for	 business	 combinations	 under	 the	 acquisition	 method	 of	 accounting.	 	 The	
Company	measures	the	tangible	and	intangible	identifiable	assets	acquired,	liabilities	assumed,	any	non-controlling	interest	in	the	
acquiree	and	contingent	consideration	at	fair	value	as	of	the	acquisition	date.		Acquisition-related	costs	are	expensed	as	incurred	
and	are	included	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.		Any	excess	purchase	price	
over	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 net	 assets	 acquired,	 including	 identifiable	 intangible	 assets,	 is	 recorded	 as	 goodwill.	 	 Measurement	 period	
adjustments,	 if	 any,	 to	 the	 preliminary	 estimated	 fair	 value	 of	 the	 intangibles	 assets	 as	 of	 the	 acquisition	 date	 are	 recorded	 in	
goodwill.	

Goodwill	 and	 other	 intangible	 assets	 -	 Indefinite-lived	 intangible	 assets	 consist	 of	 goodwill	 and	 customer	 relationships.	 	 Goodwill	
represents	 the	 synergies	 expected	 to	 arise	 after	 the	 acquisition	 date	 and	 the	 assembled	 workforce.	 	 Finite-lived	 intangible	 assets	
consist	of	capitalized	software	costs,	customer	relationships	and	other	intangible	assets.		Intangible	assets	with	finite	useful	lives	are	
amortized	 over	 their	 estimated	 useful	 lives,	 on	 a	 straight-line	 basis,	 which	 range	 from	one	 to	 twenty	 years.	 	 Capitalized	 software	
includes	 internal	 and	 external	 costs	 incurred	 directly	 related	 to	 the	 design,	 development	 and	 testing	 phases	 of	 each	 capitalized	
software	project,	as	well	as	technology	acquired	in	business	combinations.

The	valuation	methods	for	goodwill	and	other	intangible	assets	acquired	in	business	combinations	involve	assumptions	concerning	
comparable	 company	 multiples,	 discount	 rates,	 growth	 projections	 and	 other	 assumptions	 of	 future	 business	 conditions.	 	 The	
Company	 uses	 various	 valuation	 techniques	 to	 determine	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 its	 intangible	 assets,	 primarily	 discounted	 cash	 flows	
analysis,	relief-from-royalty	and	multi-period	excess	earnings.		As	the	assumptions	employed	to	measure	these	assets	are	based	on	
management’s	judgment	using	internal	and	external	data,	these	fair	value	determinations	are	classified	in	Level	3	of	the	Valuation	
Hierarchy	(as	defined	in	Fair	value	subsection	below).	

Impairment	of	assets	-	Goodwill	and	indefinite-lived	intangible	assets	are	not	amortized	but	tested	annually	for	impairment	at	the	
reporting	 unit	 level	 in	 the	 fourth	 quarter,	 or	 sooner	 when	 circumstances	 indicate	 an	 impairment	 may	 exist.	 	 The	 impairment	
evaluation	for	goodwill	utilizes	a	qualitative	assessment	to	determine	whether	it	is	more	likely	than	not	that	goodwill	is	impaired.		
The	qualitative	factors	may	include,	but	are	not	limited	 to,	 macroeconomic	conditions,	industry	and	market	conditions,	operating	
environment,	 financial	 performance	 and	 other	 relevant	 events.	 	 If	 it	 is	 determined	 that	 it	 is	 more	 likely	 than	 not	 that	 goodwill	 is	
impaired,	then	the	Company	is	required	to	perform	a	quantitative	goodwill	impairment	test.		If	the	fair	value	of	the	reporting	unit	

74					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

exceeds	 the	 carrying	 value,	 goodwill	 is	 not	 impaired.	 	 If	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 the	 reporting	 unit	 is	 less	 than	 its	 carrying	 value,	 then	
goodwill	is	impaired	and	the	excess	of	the	reporting	unit’s	carrying	value	over	the	fair	value	is	recognized	as	an	impairment	charge.		

The	 impairment	 test	 for	 indefinite-lived	 intangible	 assets	 consists	 of	 a	 qualitative	 assessment	 to	 evaluate	 relevant	 events	 and	
circumstances	 that	 could	 affect	 the	 significant	 inputs	 used	 to	 determine	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 indefinite-lived	 intangible	 assets.	 	 If	 the	
qualitative	assessment	indicates	that	it	is	more	likely	than	not	that	indefinite-lived	intangible	assets	are	impaired,	then	a	quantitative	
assessment	is	required.		

Long-lived	 assets,	 other	 than	 goodwill	 and	 indefinite-lived	 intangible	 assets,	 are	 tested	 for	 impairment	 whenever	 events	 or	
circumstances	indicate	that	their	carrying	amount	may	not	be	recoverable.		If	the	carrying	value	of	the	asset	cannot	be	recovered	
from	estimated	future	cash	flows,	undiscounted	and	without	interest,	the	fair	value	of	the	asset	is	calculated	using	the	present	value	
of	estimated	net	future	cash	flows.		If	the	carrying	amount	of	the	asset	exceeds	its	fair	value,	an	impairment	is	recorded.

Impairment	charges,	if	any,	are	recorded	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.

Litigation	-	The	Company	is	a	party	to	certain	legal	and	regulatory	proceedings	with	respect	to	a	variety	of	matters.		The	Company	
evaluates	the	likelihood	of	an	unfavorable	outcome	of	all	legal	or	regulatory	proceedings	to	which	it	is	a	party	and	accrues	a	loss	
contingency	when	the	loss	is	probable	and	reasonably	estimable.		Loss	contingencies	are	recorded	in	provision	for	litigation	on	the	
consolidated	statement	of	operations.		These	judgments	are	subjective	based	on	the	status	of	the	legal	or	regulatory	proceedings,	
the	 merits	 of	 its	 defenses	 and	 consultation	 with	 in-house	 and	 external	 legal	 counsel.	 	 Legal	 costs	 are	 expensed	 as	 incurred	 and	
recorded	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.

Settlement	 and	 other	 risk	 management	 -	 Mastercard’s	 rules	 guarantee	 the	 settlement	 of	 many	 of	 the	 transactions	 between	 its	
customers.		Settlement	exposure	is	the	outstanding	settlement	risk	to	customers	under	Mastercard’s	rules	due	to	the	difference	in	
timing	 between	 the	 payment	 transaction	 date	 and	 subsequent	 settlement.	 	 For	 those	 transactions	 the	 Company	 guarantees,	 the	
guarantee	will	cover	the	full	amount	of	the	settlement	obligation	to	the	extent	the	settlement	obligation	is	not	otherwise	satisfied.		
Settlement	 is	 generally	 completed	 on	 a	 same-day	 basis,	 however,	 in	 some	 circumstances,	 funds	 may	 not	 settle	 until	 subsequent	
business	days	creating	a	short-term	settlement	exposure.

The	Company	also	enters	into	agreements	in	the	ordinary	course	of	business	under	which	the	Company	agrees	to	indemnify	third	
parties	against	damages,	losses	and	expenses	incurred	in	connection	with	legal	and	other	proceedings	arising	from	relationships	or	
transactions	 with	 the	 Company.	 	 As	 the	 extent	 of	 the	 Company’s	 obligations	 under	 these	 agreements	 depends	 entirely	 upon	 the	
occurrence	of	future	events,	the	Company’s	potential	future	liability	under	these	agreements	is	not	determinable.		

The	Company	accounts	for	each	of	its	guarantees	by	recording	the	guarantee	at	its	fair	value	at	the	inception	or	modification	date	
through	earnings.

Income	taxes	-	The	Company	follows	an	asset	and	liability	based	approach	in	accounting	for	income	taxes	as	required	under	GAAP.		
Deferred	 income	 tax	 assets	 and	 liabilities	 are	 recorded	 to	 reflect	 the	 tax	 consequences	 on	 future	 years	 of	 temporary	 differences	
between	 the	 financial	 statement	 carrying	 amounts	 and	 income	 tax	 bases	 of	 assets	 and	 liabilities.	 	 Deferred	 income	 taxes	 are	
displayed	 separately	 as	 noncurrent	 assets	 and	 liabilities	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet.	 	 Valuation	 allowances	 are	 provided	
against	 assets	 which	 are	 not	 more	 likely	 than	 not	 to	 be	 realized.	 	 The	 Company	 recognizes	 all	 material	 tax	 positions,	 including	
uncertain	 tax	 positions	 in	 which	 it	 is	 more	 likely	 than	 not	 that	 the	 position	 will	 be	 sustained	 based	 on	 its	 technical	 merits	 and	 if	
challenged	 by	 the	 relevant	 taxing	 authorities.	 	 At	 each	 balance	 sheet	 date,	 unresolved	 uncertain	 tax	 positions	 are	 reassessed	 to	
determine	 whether	 subsequent	 developments	 require	 a	 change	 in	 the	 amount	 of	 recognized	 tax	 benefit.	 	 The	 allowance	 for	
uncertain	 tax	 positions	 is	 recorded	 in	 other	 current	 and	 noncurrent	 liabilities	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet.	 	 The	 Company	
records	 interest	 expense	 related	 to	 income	 tax	 matters	 as	 interest	 expense	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	 operations.	 	 The	
Company	includes	penalties	related	to	income	tax	matters	in	the	income	tax	provision.

Cash	and	cash	equivalents	-	Cash	and	cash	equivalents	include	certain	investments	with	daily	liquidity	and	with	an	original	maturity	
of	three	months	or	less	from	the	date	of	purchase.		Cash	equivalents	are	recorded	at	cost,	which	approximates	fair	value.

Restricted	cash	-	The	Company	classifies	cash	and	cash	equivalents	as	restricted	when	it	is	unavailable	for	withdrawal	or	use	in	its	
general	operations.		The	Company	has	the	following	types	of	restricted	cash	and	restricted	cash	equivalents	which	are	included	in	
the	reconciliation	of	beginning-of-period	and	end-of-period	amounts	shown	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	cash	flows:

• Restricted	cash	for	litigation	settlement	-	The	Company	has	restricted	cash	for	litigation	within	a	qualified	settlement	fund	related	
to	the	settlement	agreement	for	the	U.S.	merchant	class	litigation.		The	funds	continue	to	be	restricted	for	payments	until	the	
litigation	matter	is	resolved.

• Restricted	 security	 deposits	 held	 for	 customers	 -	 The	 Company	 requires	 certain	 customers	 to	 enter	 into	 risk	 mitigation	
arrangements,	including	cash	collateral	and/or	other	forms	of	credit	enhancement	such	as	letters	of	credit	and	guarantees,	for	
settlement	of	their	transactions.		Certain	risk	mitigation	arrangements	for	settlement,	such	as	standby	letters	of	credit	and	bank	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					75

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

guarantees,	 are	 not	 recorded	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet.	 	 The	 Company	 also	 holds	 cash	 deposits	 and	 certificates	 of	
deposit	 from	 certain	 customers	 as	 collateral	 for	 settlement	 of	 their	 transactions,	 which	 are	 recorded	 as	 assets	 on	 the	
consolidated	balance	sheet.		These	assets	are	fully	offset	by	corresponding	liabilities	included	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet.		
The	amount	of	these	security	deposits	and	the	duration	held	are	determined	by	the	risk	profile	of	the	individual	customer	and	
the	Company’s	risk	management	practices.

• Other	restricted	cash	balances	-	The	Company	has	other	restricted	cash	balances	which	include	contractually	restricted	deposits,	
as	well	as	cash	balances	that	are	restricted	based	on	the	Company’s	intention	with	regard	to	usage.		These	funds	are	classified	on	
the	consolidated	balance	sheet	within	prepaid	expenses	and	other	current	assets	and	other	assets.

Fair	value	-	The	Company	measures	certain	financial	assets	and	liabilities	at	fair	value	on	a	recurring	basis	by	estimating	the	price	
that	would	be	received	upon	the	sale	of	an	asset	or	paid	to	transfer	a	liability	in	an	orderly	transaction	between	market	participants.		
The	 Company	 also	 measures	 certain	 financial	 and	 non-financial	 assets	 and	 liabilities	 at	 fair	 value	 on	 a	 nonrecurring	 basis,	 when	 a	
change	in	fair	value	or	impairment	is	evidenced.		The	Company	classifies	these	recurring	and	nonrecurring	fair	value	measurements	
into	a	three-level	hierarchy	(“Valuation	Hierarchy”).

The	 Valuation	 Hierarchy	 is	 based	 upon	 the	 transparency	 of	 inputs	 to	 the	 valuation	 of	 an	 asset	 or	 liability	 as	 of	 the	 measurement	
date.		A	financial	instrument’s	categorization	within	the	Valuation	Hierarchy	is	based	upon	the	lowest	level	of	input	that	is	significant	
to	the	fair	value	measurement.		The	three	levels	of	the	Valuation	Hierarchy	are	as	follows:	

•

•

•

Level	1	-	inputs	to	the	valuation	methodology	are	quoted	prices	(unadjusted)	for	identical	assets	or	liabilities	in	active	markets.

Level	 2	 -	 inputs	 to	 the	 valuation	 methodology	 include	 quoted	 prices	 for	 similar	 assets	 and	 liabilities	 in	 active	 markets,	 quoted	
prices	for	identical	or	similar	assets	and	liabilities	in	inactive	markets	and	inputs	that	are	observable	for	the	asset	or	liability.

Level	3	-	inputs	to	the	valuation	methodology	are	unobservable	and	cannot	be	directly	corroborated	by	observable	market	data.

The	Company’s	financial	assets	and	liabilities	measured	at	fair	value	on	a	recurring	basis	include	investment	securities	available	for	
sale,	 marketable	 securities,	 derivative	 instruments	 and	 deferred	 compensation.	 	 The	 Company’s	 financial	 assets	 and	 liabilities	
measured	 at	 fair	 value	 on	 a	 nonrecurring	 basis	 include	 nonmarketable	 securities,	 debt	 and	 other	 financial	 instruments.	 	 The	
Company’s	non-financial	assets	measured	at	fair	value	on	a	nonrecurring	basis	include	property,	equipment	and	right-of-use	assets,	
goodwill	 and	 other	 intangible	 assets	 and	 are	 subject	 to	 fair	 value	 adjustments	 in	 certain	 circumstances,	 such	 as	 when	 there	 is	
evidence	of	impairment.

Contingent	 consideration	 -	 Certain	 business	 combinations	 involve	 the	 potential	 for	 future	 payment	 of	 consideration	 that	 is	
contingent	 upon	 the	 achievement	 of	 performance	 milestones.	 	 These	 liabilities	 are	 classified	 within	 Level	 3	 of	 the	 Valuation	
Hierarchy	 as	 the	 inputs	 used	 to	 measure	 fair	 value	 are	 unobservable	 and	 require	 management’s	 judgment.	 	 The	 fair	 value	 of	 the	
contingent	 consideration	 at	 the	 acquisition	 date	 and	 subsequent	 periods	 is	 determined	 utilizing	 an	 income	 approach	 based	 on	 a	
Monte	Carlo	technique	and	is	recorded	in	other	current	liabilities	and	other	liabilities	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet.		Changes	to	
projected	performance	milestones	of	the	acquired	businesses	could	result	in	a	higher	or	lower	contingent	consideration	liability.		The	
changes	in	fair	value	as	a	result	of	updated	assumptions	are	recorded	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	
statement	of	operations.

Investment	securities	-	The	Company	classifies	investments	as	available-for-sale	or	held-to-maturity	at	the	date	of	acquisition.

•

Available-for-sale	debt	securities:

◦

Investments	in	debt	securities	that	are	available	to	meet	the	Company’s	current	operational	needs	are	classified	as	current	
assets	 and	 the	 securities	 that	 are	 not	 available	 for	 current	 operational	 needs	 are	 classified	 as	 noncurrent	 assets	 on	 the	
consolidated	balance	sheet.

The	debt	securities	are	carried	at	fair	value,	with	unrealized	gains	and	losses,	net	of	tax,	recorded	as	a	separate	component	
of	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	comprehensive	income.		Net	realized	
gains	and	losses	on	debt	securities	are	recognized	in	investment	income	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.		The	
specific	identification	method	is	used	to	determine	realized	gains	and	losses.

The	Company	evaluates	its	debt	securities	for	impairment	on	an	ongoing	basis.		When	there	has	been	a	decline	in	fair	value	
of	a	debt	security	below	the	amortized	cost	basis,	the	Company	recognizes	an	impairment	if:	(1)	it	has	the	intent	to	sell	the	
security;	(2)	it	is	more	likely	than	not	that	it	will	be	required	to	sell	the	security	before	recovery	of	the	amortized	cost	basis;	
or	 (3)	 it	 does	 not	 expect	 to	 recover	 the	 entire	 amortized	 cost	 basis	 of	 the	 security.	 	 The	 credit	 loss	 component	 of	 the	
impairment	is	recognized	as	an	allowance	and	recorded	in	other	income	(expense),	net	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	
operations	while	the	non-credit	related	loss	remains	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)	until	realized	from	
a	sale	or	subsequent	impairment.	

76					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

•

Held-to-maturity	securities:	

◦

Time	 deposits	 -	 The	 Company	 classifies	 time	 deposits	 with	 original	 maturities	 greater	 than	 three	 months	 as	 held-to-
maturity.		Held-to-maturity	securities	that	mature	within	one	year	are	classified	as	current	assets	within	investments	on	the	
consolidated	balance	sheet	while	held-to-maturity	securities	with	maturities	of	greater	than	one	year	are	classified	as	other	
assets.		Time	deposits	are	carried	 at	amortized	cost	 on	the	 consolidated	balance	sheet	and	are	intended	to	be	held	until	
maturity.

Equity	investments	-	The	Company	holds	equity	securities	of	publicly	traded	and	privately	held	companies.

• Marketable	 equity	 securities	 -	 Marketable	 equity	 securities	 are	 strategic	 investments	 in	 publicly	 traded	 companies	 and	 are	
measured	at	fair	value	using	quoted	prices	in	their	respective	active	markets	with	changes	recorded	through	gains	(losses)	on	
equity	investments,	net	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.		Marketable	equity	securities	that	are	expected	to	be	held	
as	part	of	the	Company’s	long-term	investment	strategy	are	classified	in	other	assets	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet.

•

Nonmarketable	equity	investments	-	The	Company’s	nonmarketable	equity	investments,	which	are	reported	in	other	assets	on	
the	consolidated	balance	sheet,	include	investments	in	privately	held	companies	without	readily	determinable	market	values.		
The	 Company	 uses	 discounted	 cash	 flows	 and	 market	 assumptions	 to	 estimate	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 its	 nonmarketable	 equity	
investments	when	certain	events	or	circumstances	indicate	that	impairment	may	exist.		The	Company’s	nonmarketable	equity	
investments	are	accounted	for	under	the	measurement	alternative	method	or	equity	method.

◦ Measurement	alternative	method	-	The	Company	accounts	for	investments	in	common	stock	or	in-substance	common	stock	
under	the	measurement	alternative	method	of	accounting	when	it	does	not	exercise	significant	influence,	generally	when	it	
holds	less	than	20%	ownership	in	the	entity	or	when	the	interest	in	a	limited	partnership	or	limited	liability	company	is	less	
than	5%	and	the	Company	has	no	significant	influence	over	the	operations	of	the	investee.		Investments	in	companies	that	
Mastercard	 does	 not	 control,	 but	 that	 are	 not	 in	 the	 form	 of	 common	 stock	 or	 in-substance	 common	 stock,	 are	 also	
accounted	 for	 under	 the	 measurement	 alternative	 method	 of	 accounting.	 	 Measurement	 alternative	 investments	 are	
measured	 at	 cost,	 less	 any	 impairment	 and	 adjusted	 for	 changes	 resulting	 from	 observable	 price	 changes	 in	 orderly	
transactions	 for	 identical	 or	 similar	 investments	 of	 the	 same	 issuer.	 	 Fair	 value	 adjustments,	 as	 well	 as	 impairments,	 are	
included	in	gains	(losses)	on	equity	investments,	net	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.

◦

Equity	method	-	The	Company	accounts	for	investments	in	common	stock	or	in-substance	common	stock	under	the	equity	
method	of	accounting	when	it	has	the	ability	to	exercise	significant	influence	over	the	operations	of	the	investee,	generally	
when	 it	 holds	 between	 20%	 and	 50%	 ownership	 in	 the	 entity.	 	 The	 excess	 of	 the	 cost	 over	 the	 underlying	 net	 equity	 of	
investments	accounted	for	under	the	equity	method	is	allocated	to	identifiable	tangible	and	intangible	assets	and	liabilities	
based	on	fair	values	at	the	date	of	acquisition.		The	amortization	of	the	excess	of	the	cost	over	the	underlying	net	equity	of	
investments	 and	 Mastercard’s	 share	 of	 net	 earnings	 or	 losses	 of	 entities	 accounted	 for	 under	 the	 equity	 method	 of	
accounting	is	included	in	other	income	(expense),	net	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.		

In	 addition,	 investments	 in	 flow-through	 entities	 such	 as	 limited	 partnerships	 and	 limited	 liability	 companies	 are	 also	
accounted	 for	 under	 the	 equity	 method	 when	 the	 Company	 has	 the	 ability	 to	 exercise	 significant	 influence	 over	 the	
operations	 of	 the	 investee,	 generally	 when	 the	 investment	 ownership	 percentage	 is	 equal	 to	 or	 greater	 than	 5%	 of	 the	
outstanding	ownership	interest.		The	Company’s	share	of	net	earnings	or	losses	for	these	investments	are	included	in	gains	
(losses)	on	equity	investments,	net	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.	

Derivative	and	hedging	instruments	-	The	Company’s	derivative	financial	instruments	are	recorded	as	either	assets	or	liabilities	on	
the	balance	sheet	and	measured	at	fair	value.		The	Company’s	foreign	exchange	and	interest	rate	derivative	contracts	are	included	in	
Level	 2	 of	 the	 Valuation	 Hierarchy	 as	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 the	 contracts	 are	 based	 on	 inputs,	 which	 are	 observable	 based	 on	 broker	
quotes	 for	 the	 same	 or	 similar	 instruments.	 	 The	 Company	 does	 not	 enter	 into	 derivative	 instruments	 for	 trading	 or	 speculative	
purposes.		For	derivatives	that	are	not	designated	as	hedging	instruments,	realized	and	unrealized	gains	and	losses	from	the	change	
in	fair	value	of	the	derivatives	are	recognized	in	current	earnings.		

The	 Company’s	 derivatives	 that	 are	 designated	 as	 hedging	 instruments	 are	 required	 to	 meet	 established	 accounting	 criteria.	 	 In	
addition,	an	effectiveness	assessment	is	required	to	demonstrate	that	the	derivative	is	expected	to	be	highly	effective	at	offsetting	
changes	in	fair	value	or	cash	flows	of	the	underlying	exposure	both	at	inception	of	the	hedging	relationship	and	on	an	ongoing	basis.		
The	method	of	assessing	hedge	effectiveness	and	measuring	hedge	results	is	formally	documented	at	hedge	inception	and	assessed	
at	least	quarterly	throughout	the	designated	hedge	period.		

The	Company	may	designate	derivative	instruments	as	cash	flow,	fair	value	and	net	investment	hedges,	as	follows:

•

Cash	flow	hedges	-	Fair	value	adjustments	to	derivative	instruments	are	recorded,	net	of	tax,	in	other	comprehensive	income	
(loss)	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	 comprehensive	 income.	 	 Any	 gains	 and	 losses	 deferred	 in	 accumulated	 other	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					77

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

comprehensive	 income	 (loss)	 are	 subsequently	 reclassified	 to	 the	 corresponding	 line	 item	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	
operations	when	the	underlying	hedged	transactions	impact	earnings.		For	hedges	that	are	no	longer	deemed	highly	effective,	
hedge	 accounting	 is	 discontinued	 prospectively,	 and	 any	 gains	 and	 losses	 remaining	 in	 accumulated	 other	 comprehensive	
income	 (loss)	 are	 reclassified	 to	 earnings	 when	 the	 underlying	 forecasted	 transaction	 occurs.	 	 If	 it	 is	 probable	 that	 the	
forecasted	transaction	will	no	longer	occur,	the	associated	gains	or	losses	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)	
are	reclassified	to	the	corresponding	line	item	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations	in	current	earnings.

•

•

Fair	value	hedges	-	Changes	in	the	fair	value	of	derivative	instruments	are	recorded	in	current-period	earnings,	along	with	the	
gain	or	loss	on	the	hedged	asset	or	liability	(“hedged	item”)	that	is	attributable	to	the	hedged	risk.		All	amounts	recognized	in	
earnings	are	recorded	to	the	corresponding	line	item	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations	as	the	earnings	effect	of	the	
hedged	item.	Hedged	items	are	measured	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet	at	their	carrying	amount	adjusted	for	any	changes	
in	 fair	 value	 attributable	 to	 the	 hedged	 risk	 (“basis	 adjustments”).	 	 The	 Company	 defers	 the	 amortization	 of	 any	 basis	
adjustments	until	the	end	of	the	derivative	instrument’s	term.	If	the	hedge	designation	is	discontinued	for	reasons	other	than	
derecognition	of	the	hedged	item,	the	remaining	basis	adjustments	are	amortized	in	accordance	with	applicable	GAAP	for	the	
hedged	item.	

Net	investment	hedges	-	The	Company	has	numerous	investments	in	foreign	subsidiaries.		The	net	assets	of	these	subsidiaries	
are	exposed	to	volatility	in	foreign	currency	exchange	rates.		The	Company	may	use	foreign	currency	denominated	debt	and/or	
derivative	instruments	to	hedge	a	portion	of	its	net	investment	in	foreign	operations	against	adverse	movements	in	exchange	
rates.	 	 The	 effective	 portion	 of	 the	 foreign	 currency	 gains	 and	 losses	 related	 to	 the	 hedging	 instruments	 are	 reported	 in	
accumulated	 other	 comprehensive	 income	 (loss)	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet	 as	 a	 cumulative	 translation	 adjustment	
component	of	equity.		Gains	and	losses	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)	are	reclassified	to	earnings	only	if	
the	Company	sells	or	substantially	liquidates	its	net	investments	in	foreign	subsidiaries.		Amounts	excluded	from	effectiveness	
testing	of	net	investment	hedges	are	recognized	in	earnings	over	the	life	of	the	hedging	instrument.		The	Company	evaluates	
the	effectiveness	of	the	net	investment	hedge	each	quarter.

Settlement	 assets/obligations	 -	 The	 Company	 operates	 systems	 for	 settling	 payment	 transactions	 among	 participants	 in	 the	
payments	ecosystem	in	which	the	Company	operates.		Settlement	is	generally	completed	on	a	same-day	basis,	however,	in	some	
circumstances,	funds	may	not	settle	until	subsequent	business	days.		In	addition,	the	Company	may	receive	or	post	funds	in	advance	
of	transactions	related	to	certain	payment	capabilities	over	its	multi-rail	payments	network.		The	Company	classifies	the	balances	
arising	from	these	various	activities	as	settlement	assets	and	settlement	obligations.

Property,	 equipment	 and	 right-of-use	 assets	 -	 Property	 and	 equipment	 are	 stated	 at	 cost	 less	 accumulated	 depreciation	 and	
amortization.	 	 Depreciation	 and	 amortization	 is	 computed	 using	 the	 straight-line	 method	 over	 the	 estimated	 useful	 lives	 of	 the	
assets.	 	 Depreciation	 of	 leasehold	 improvements	 and	 amortization	 of	 finance	 leases	 is	 included	 in	 depreciation	 and	 amortization	
expense	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	 operations.	 	 Operating	 lease	 amortization	 expense	 is	 included	 in	 general	 and	
administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.

The	useful	lives	of	the	Company’s	assets	are	as	follows:

Asset	Category

Buildings

Building	equipment

Furniture	and	fixtures	and	equipment

Estimated	Useful	Life

30	years

10	-	15	years

3	-	5	years

Leasehold	improvements

Shorter	of	life	of	improvement	or	lease	term

Right-of-use	assets

Shorter	of	life	of	the	asset	or	lease	term

The	Company	determines	if	a	contract	is,	or	contains,	a	lease	at	contract	inception.		The	Company’s	right-of-use	(“ROU”)	assets	are	
primarily	related	to	operating	leases	for	office	space,	automobiles	and	other	equipment.		Leases	are	included	in	property,	equipment	
and	right-of-use	assets,	other	current	liabilities	and	other	liabilities	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet.		

ROU	assets	represent	the	right	to	use	an	underlying	asset	for	the	lease	term	and	lease	liabilities	represent	the	obligation	to	make	
lease	 payments	 arising	 from	 the	 lease.	 	 ROU	 assets	 and	 lease	 liabilities	 are	 recognized	 at	 the	 commencement	 date	 based	 on	 the	
present	value	of	lease	payments	over	the	lease	term.		In	addition,	ROU	assets	include	initial	direct	costs	incurred	by	the	lessee	as	
well	as	any	lease	payments	made	at	or	before	the	commencement	date,	and	exclude	lease	incentives.		As	most	of	the	Company's	
leases	do	not	provide	an	implicit	rate,	the	Company	uses	its	incremental	borrowing	rate	based	on	the	information	available	at	the	
commencement	date	in	determining	the	present	value	of	lease	payments.		The	incremental	borrowing	rate	is	determined	by	using	
the	rate	of	interest	that	the	Company	would	pay	to	borrow	on	a	collateralized	basis	an	amount	equal	to	the	lease	payments	for	a	
similar	 term	 and	 in	 a	 similar	 economic	 environment.	 	 Lease	 terms	 include	 options	 to	 extend	 or	 terminate	 the	 lease	 when	 it	 is	

78					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

reasonably	certain	that	the	Company	will	exercise	that	option.		Leases	with	a	term	of	one	year	or	less	are	excluded	from	ROU	assets	
and	liabilities.	

The	Company	excludes	variable	lease	payments	in	measuring	ROU	assets	and	lease	liabilities,	other	than	those	that	depend	on	an	
index,	a	rate	or	are	in-substance	fixed	payments.		Lease	and	nonlease	components	are	generally	accounted	for	separately.		When	
available,	consideration	is	allocated	to	the	separate	lease	and	nonlease	components	in	a	lease	contract	on	a	relative	standalone	price	
basis	using	observable	standalone	prices.		

Pension	and	other	postretirement	plans	-	The	Company	recognizes	the	funded	status	of	its	single-employer	defined	benefit	pension	
plans	and	postretirement	plans	as	assets	or	liabilities	on	its	consolidated	balance	sheet	and	recognizes	changes	in	the	funded	status	
in	the	year	in	which	the	changes	occur	through	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss).		The	funded	status	is	measured	as	
the	difference	between	the	fair	value	of	plan	assets	and	the	projected	benefit	obligation	at	December	31,	the	measurement	date.		
Overfunded	 plans,	 if	 any,	 are	 aggregated	 and	 recorded	 in	 other	 assets,	 while	 underfunded	 plans	 are	 aggregated	 and	 recorded	 as	
accrued	expenses	and	other	liabilities	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet.

Net	periodic	pension	and	postretirement	benefit	cost/(income),	excluding	the	service	cost	component,	is	recognized	in	other	income	
(expense),	 net	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	 operations.	 	 These	 costs	 include	 interest	 cost,	 expected	 return	 on	 plan	 assets,	
amortization	 of	 prior	 service	 costs	 or	 credits	 and	 gains	 or	 losses	 previously	 recognized	 as	 a	 component	 of	 accumulated	 other	
comprehensive	income	(loss).	The	service	cost	component	is	recognized	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	
statement	of	operations.			

Defined	contribution	plans	-	The	Company’s	contributions	to	defined	contribution	plans	are	recorded	as	employees	render	service	to	
the	Company.		The	charge	is	recorded	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.	

Advertising	and	marketing	-	Expenses	incurred	to	promote	Mastercard’s	brand,	products	and	services	are	recognized	in	advertising	
and	marketing	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.		The	timing	of	recognition	is	dependent	on	the	type	of	advertising	or	
marketing	expense.

Foreign	currency	remeasurement	and	translation	-	Monetary	assets	and	liabilities	in	a	currency	other	than	the	functional	currency	
are	remeasured	using	current	exchange	rates	in	effect	at	the	balance	sheet	date.		Non-monetary	assets	and	liabilities	are	recorded	at	
historical	exchange	rates.		Revenue	and	expense	accounts	are	remeasured	at	the	weighted-average	exchange	rate	for	the	period.		
Resulting	 exchange	 gains	 and	 losses	 related	 to	 remeasurement	 are	 included	 in	 general	 and	 administrative	 expenses	 on	 the	
consolidated	statement	of	operations.

Where	 a	 non-U.S.	 currency	 is	 the	 functional	 currency,	 translation	 from	 that	 functional	 currency	 to	 U.S.	 dollars	 is	 performed	 for	
balance	sheet	accounts	using	current	exchange	rates	in	effect	at	the	balance	sheet	date	and	for	revenue	and	expense	accounts	using	
a	weighted-average	exchange	rate	for	the	period.		Resulting	translation	adjustments	are	reported	as	a	component	of	accumulated	
other	comprehensive	income	(loss).

Treasury	stock	-	The	Company	records	the	repurchase	of	shares	of	its	common	stock	at	cost	on	the	trade	date	of	the	transaction.		
These	shares	are	considered	treasury	stock,	which	is	a	reduction	to	stockholders’	equity.		Treasury	stock	is	included	in	authorized	
and	issued	shares	but	excluded	from	outstanding	shares.

Share-based	payments	-	The	Company	measures	share-based	compensation	expense	at	the	grant	date,	based	on	the	estimated	fair	
value	 of	 the	 award	 and	 uses	 the	 straight-line	 method	 of	 attribution,	 net	 of	 estimated	 forfeitures,	 for	 expensing	 awards	 over	 the	
requisite	employee	service	period.		The	Company	estimates	the	fair	value	of	its	non-qualified	stock	option	awards	(“Options”)	using	a	
Black-Scholes	valuation	model.		The	fair	value	of	restricted	stock	units	(“RSUs”)	is	determined	and	fixed	on	the	grant	date	based	on	
the	Company’s	stock	price,	adjusted	for	the	exclusion	of	dividend	equivalents.		The	Monte	Carlo	simulation	valuation	model	is	used	
to	 determine	 the	 grant	 date	 fair	 value	 of	 performance	 stock	 units	 (“PSUs”)	 granted.	 	 All	 share-based	 compensation	 expenses	 are	
recorded	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.	

Redeemable	non-controlling	interests	-	The	Company’s	business	combinations	may	include	provisions	allowing	non-controlling	equity	
owners	the	ability	to	require	the	Company	to	purchase	additional	interests	in	the	subsidiary	at	their	discretion.		The	interests	are	
initially	recorded	at	fair	value	and	in	subsequent	reporting	periods	are	accreted	or	adjusted	to	the	estimated	redemption	value.		The	
adjustments	 to	 the	 redemption	 value	 are	 recorded	 to	 retained	 earnings	 or	 additional	 paid-in	 capital	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	
sheet.	 	 The	 redeemable	 non-controlling	 interests	 are	 considered	 temporary	 and	 reported	 outside	 of	 permanent	 equity	 on	 the	
consolidated	 balance	 sheet	 at	 the	 greater	 of	 the	 carrying	 amount	 adjusted	 for	 the	 non-controlling	 interest’s	 share	 of	 net	 income	
(loss)	or	its	redemption	value.	

Earnings	 per	 share	 -	 The	 Company	 calculates	 basic	 earnings	 per	 share	 (“EPS”)	 by	 dividing	 net	 income	 by	 the	 weighted-average	
number	of	common	shares	outstanding	during	the	year.		Diluted	EPS	is	calculated	by	dividing	net	income	by	the	weighted-average	
number	of	common	shares	outstanding	during	the	year,	adjusted	for	the	potentially	dilutive	effect	of	stock	options	and	unvested	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					79

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

stock	units	using	the	treasury	stock	method.		The	Company	may	be	required	to	calculate	EPS	using	the	two-class	method	as	a	result	
of	its	redeemable	non-controlling	interests.		If	redemption	value	exceeds	the	fair	value	of	the	redeemable	non-controlling	interests,	
the	excess	would	be	a	reduction	to	net	income	for	the	EPS	calculation.	

Note	2.	Acquisitions	

In	2022,	2021	and	2020,	the	Company	acquired	several	businesses	for	total	consideration	of	$0.3	billion,	$4.7	billion	and	$1.1	billion,	
respectively,	representing	both	cash	and	contingent	consideration.		These	acquisitions	align	with	the	Company’s	strategy	to	grow,	
diversify	 and	 build	 the	 Company’s	 business.	 	 Refer	 to	 Note	 1	 (Summary	 of	 Significant	 Accounting	 Policies)	 for	 the	 valuation	
techniques	Mastercard	utilizes	to	fair	value	the	respective	components	of	business	combinations	and	contingent	consideration.		The	
residual	 value	 allocated	 to	 goodwill	 is	 primarily	 attributable	 to	 the	 synergies	 expected	 to	 arise	 after	 the	 acquisition	 date	 and	 a	
majority	of	the	goodwill	is	not	expected	to	be	deductible	for	local	tax	purposes.

On	April	1,	2022,	Mastercard	acquired	a	100%	equity	interest	in	Dynamic	Yield	LTD	(“Dynamic	Yield”)	for	cash	consideration	of	$325	
million.	 	 The	 Company’s	 preliminary	 estimate	 of	 net	 assets	 acquired	 has	 been	 recorded	 primarily	 as	 intangible	 assets,	 including	
goodwill	 of	 $200	 million	 that	 is	 primarily	 attributable	 to	 the	 synergies	 expected	 to	 arise	 after	 the	 acquisition	 date.	 	 None	 of	 the	
goodwill	is	expected	to	be	deductible	for	local	tax	purposes.		

On	March	5,	2021,	Mastercard	acquired	a	majority	of	the	Corporate	Services	business	of	Nets	Denmark	A/S	(“Nets”)	for	€3.0	billion	
(approximately	$3.6	billion	as	of	the	date	of	acquisition)	in	cash	consideration	based	on	a	€2.85	billion	enterprise	value,	adjusted	for	
cash	and	net	working	capital	at	closing.		The	business	acquired	is	primarily	comprised	of	clearing	and	instant	payment	services	and	e-
billing	solutions.		In	relation	to	this	acquisition,	the	net	assets	acquired	primarily	relate	to	intangible	assets,	including	goodwill	of	$2.1	
billion,	of	which	$0.8	billion	is	expected	to	be	deductible	for	local	tax	purposes.		The	goodwill	arising	from	this	acquisition	is	primarily	
attributable	to	the	synergies	expected	to	arise	through	geographic,	product	and	customer	expansion,	the	underlying	technology	and	
workforce	acquired.		

On	June	9,	2021,	Mastercard	acquired	a	100%	equity	interest	in	Ekata,	Inc.	(“Ekata”)	for	cash	consideration	of	$861	million,	based	on	
an	 $850	 million	 enterprise	 value,	 adjusted	 for	 cash	 and	 net	 working	 capital	 at	 closing.	 	 The	 acquisition	 of	 Ekata	 is	 expected	 to	
broaden	the	Company’s	digital	identity	verification	capabilities.		The	residual	value	allocated	to	goodwill	is	primarily	attributable	to	
the	 synergies	 expected	 to	 arise	 after	 the	 acquisition	 date	 and	 none	 of	 the	 goodwill	 is	 expected	 to	 be	 deductible	 for	 local	 tax	
purposes.

Mastercard	 acquired	 additional	 businesses	 in	 2021	 for	 consideration	 of	 $272	 million.	 	 These	 businesses	 were	 not	 considered	
individually	material	to	Mastercard.		

Among	the	businesses	acquired	in	2020,	the	largest	acquisition	relates	to	Finicity	Corporation	(“Finicity”),	an	open-banking	provider,	
headquartered	 in	 Salt	 Lake	 City,	 Utah.	 	 On	 November	 18,	 2020,	 Mastercard	 acquired	 100%	 equity	 interest	 in	 Finicity	 for	 cash	
consideration	 of	 $809	 million.	 	 In	 addition,	 the	 Finicity	 sellers	 earned	 additional	 contingent	 consideration	 of	 $64	 million	 upon	
meeting	 2021	 revenue	 targets	 in	 accordance	 with	 terms	 of	 the	 purchase	 agreement.	 	 The	 additional	 businesses	 acquired	 in	 2020	
were	not	considered	individually	material	to	Mastercard.	

80					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

The	Company	is	evaluating	and	finalizing	the	purchase	accounting	for	Dynamic	Yield.		In	2022,	the	Company	finalized	the	purchase	
accounting	for	businesses	acquired	during	2021.		The	estimated	and	final	fair	values	of	the	purchase	price	allocations	in	aggregate,	as	
of	the	acquisition	dates,	are	noted	below	for	the	years	ended	December	31.	

Assets:

Cash	and	cash	equivalents

Other	current	assets

Other	intangible	assets

Goodwill

Other	assets

Total	assets

Liabilities:

Other	current	liabilities

Deferred	income	taxes	

Other	liabilities

Total	liabilities

Net	assets	acquired

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	

11	 $	

253	 $	

7	

125	

200	

9	

352	

15	

3	

9	

27	

41	

2,071	

2,842	

15	

5,222	

112	

398	

12	

522	

6	

14	

237	

844	

11	

1,112	

15	

23	

8	

46	

$	

325	 $	

4,700	 $	

1,066	

The	following	table	summarizes	the	identified	intangible	assets	acquired	during	the	years	ended	December	31:

Developed	technologies

Customer	relationships

Other

Other	intangible	assets

$	

$	

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

2020

Acquisition	Date	Fair	Value

Weighted-Average	Useful	Life	

(in	millions)

100	 $	

433	 $	

25	

—	

1,614	

24	

125	 $	

2,071	 $	

122	

114	

1	

237	

7.8

17.0

—

9.6

(in	years)

11.7

19.2

7.1

17.5

6.3

12.0

1.0

9.0

Proforma	information	related	to	these	acquisitions	was	not	included	because	the	impact	on	the	Company's	consolidated	results	of	
operations	was	not	considered	to	be	material.		

Note	3.	Revenue	

Mastercard	 is	 a	 payments	 network	 service	 provider	 that	 generates	 revenue	 from	 a	 wide	 range	 of	 payment	 solutions	 provided	 to	
customers.	 	 Revenue	 from	 contracts	 with	 customers	 is	 recognized	 when	 services	 are	 performed	 in	 an	 amount	 that	 reflects	 the	
consideration	to	which	the	Company	expects	to	be	entitled	to	in	exchange	for	those	services	(i.e.,	fees	charged	to	customers).		The	
Company	disaggregates	its	net	revenue	from	contracts	with	customers	into	two	categories:	(i)	payment	network	and	(ii)	value-added	
services	 and	 solutions.	 	 The	 Company’s	 net	 revenue	 categories,	 payment	 network	 and	 value-added	 services	 and	 solutions,	 are	
recognized	 net	 of	 rebates	 and	 incentives	 provided	 to	 customers.	 	 Rebates	 and	 incentives	 can	 be	 either	 fixed	 or	 variable	 and	 are	
attributed	to	the	category	of	revenue	to	which	they	pertain.	

Payment	network

Mastercard’s	payment	network	involves	four	participants	in	addition	to	the	Company:	account	holders	(a	person	or	entity	who	holds	
a	card	or	uses	another	device	enabled	for	payment),	issuers	(the	account	holders’	financial	institutions),	merchants	and	acquirers	
(the	merchants’	financial	institutions).		Revenue	from	the	Company’s	payment	network	is	primarily	generated	by	charging	fees	to	
customers	(issuers,	acquirers	and	other	market	participants)	for	providing	switching	and	other	network-related	services,	as	well	as	
by	charging	fees	to	customers	based	primarily	on	the	gross	dollar	volume	of	activity	(GDV,	which	includes	both	domestic	and	cross-
border	volume)	on	the	cards	that	carry	the	Company’s	brands.		As	a	payments	network	service	provider,	the	Company	provides	its	

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PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

customers	 with	 continuous	 access	 to	 its	 global	 payments	 network	 and	 stands	 ready	 to	 provide	 transaction	 processing	 over	 the	
contractual	term.		Consideration	is	variable	and	is	recognized	as	revenue	in	the	period	in	which	volumes	and	transactions	occur.			

Value-added	services	and	solutions

The	 Company	 generates	 revenues	 from	 value-added	 services	 and	 solutions	 through	 either	 fixed	 or	 transaction-based	 fees.	 	 These	
services	and	solutions	can	be	integrated	and	sold	with	the	Company’s	payment	network	services	or	can	be	sold	on	a	stand-alone	
basis.		These	services	and	solutions	primarily	include	cyber	and	intelligence,	data	and	services,	processing	and	gateway,	ACH	batch	
and	real-time	account-based	payments	and	solutions,	open	banking	and	digital	identity.		Revenue	from	these	value-added	services	
and	solutions	is	recognized	in	the	period	in	which	the	related	services	and	solutions	are	performed	or	transactions	occur.

The	Company’s	disaggregated	net	revenue	by	category	and	geographic	region	were	as	follows	for	the	years	ended	December	31:

Revenue	by	category:

Payment	network

Value-added	services	and	solutions

Net	revenue

Net	revenue	by	geographic	region:

North	American	Markets

International	Markets

Net	revenue

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	

14,358	 $	

11,943	 $	

7,879	

6,941	

9,897	

5,404	

$	

22,237	 $	

18,884	 $	

15,301	

$	

7,809	 $	

6,667	 $	

14,428	

12,217	

5,473	

9,828	

$	

22,237	 $	

18,884	 $	

15,301	

The	Company’s	customers	are	generally	billed	weekly,	however,	the	frequency	is	dependent	upon	the	nature	of	the	performance	
obligation	and	the	underlying	contractual	terms.		The	Company	does	not	typically	offer	extended	payment	terms	to	customers.		The	
following	table	sets	forth	the	location	of	the	amounts	recognized	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet	from	contracts	with	customers	
at	December	31:

Receivables	from	contracts	with	customers

Accounts	receivable

Contract	assets

Prepaid	expenses	and	other	current	assets

Other	assets
Deferred	revenue	1

Other	current	liabilities

Other	liabilities

2022

2021

(in	millions)

$	

3,213	 $	

2,829	

118	

442	

434	

248	

134	

487	

482	

180	

1	

Revenue	recognized	from	performance	obligations	satisfied	in	2022	was	$1.6	billion.

The	Company’s	remaining	performance	periods	for	its	contracts	with	customers	for	its	payments	network	services	are	typically	long-
term	 in	 nature	 (generally	 up	 to	 10	 years).	 	 As	 a	 payments	 network	 service	 provider,	 the	 Company	 provides	 its	 customers	 with	
continuous	access	to	its	global	payments	network	and	stands	ready	to	provide	transaction	processing	and	related	services	over	the	
contractual	term.		Consideration	is	variable	as	the	Company	generates	volume-	and	transaction-based	revenues	from	charging	fees	
on	 its	 customers’	 current	 period	 activity.	 	 The	 Company	 has	 elected	 the	 optional	 exemption	 to	 not	 disclose	 the	 remaining	
performance	obligations	related	to	its	payments	network	services.		The	Company	also	earns	revenue	from	value-added	services	and	
solutions.		At	December	31,	2022,	the	estimated	aggregate	consideration	allocated	to	unsatisfied	performance	obligations	for	these	
value-added	 services	 and	 solutions	 is	 $1.4	 billion,	 which	 is	 expected	 to	 be	 recognized	 through	 2027.	 	 The	 estimated	 remaining	
performance	obligations	related	to	these	revenues	are	subject	to	change	and	are	affected	by	several	factors,	including	modifications	
and	terminations	and	are	not	expected	to	be	material	to	any	future	annual	period.

82					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	4.	Earnings	Per	Share	

The	components	of	basic	and	diluted	EPS	for	common	shares	for	each	of	the	years	ended	December	31	were	as	follows:

Numerator

Net	income

Denominator

Basic	weighted-average	shares	outstanding

Dilutive	stock	options	and	stock	units
Diluted	weighted-average	shares	outstanding	1

Earnings	per	Share

Basic

Diluted

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

$	

9,930	 $	

8,687	 $	

6,411	

968	

3	

971	

988	

4	

992	

$	

$	

10.26	 $	

8.79	 $	

10.22	 $	

8.76	 $	

1,002	

4	

1,006	

6.40	

6.37	

Note:	Table	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.
1

For	the	years	presented,	the	calculation	of	diluted	EPS	excluded	a	minimal	amount	of	anti-dilutive	share-based	payment	awards.

Note	5.	Cash,	Cash	Equivalents,	Restricted	Cash	and	Restricted	Cash	Equivalents	

The	following	table	provides	a	reconciliation	of	cash,	cash	equivalents,	restricted	cash	and	restricted	cash	equivalents	reported	on	
the	consolidated	balance	sheet	that	total	to	the	amounts	shown	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	cash	flows	for	the	years	ended	
December	31:	

2022

2021

(in	millions)

$	

7,008	 $	

7,421	

589	

1,568	

31	

586	

1,873	

22	

9,902	

Cash	and	cash	equivalents

Restricted	cash	and	restricted	cash	equivalents

Restricted	cash	for	litigation	settlement

Restricted	security	deposits	held	for	customers

Prepaid	expenses	and	other	current	assets

Cash,	cash	equivalents,	restricted	cash	and	restricted	cash	equivalents

$	

9,196	 $	

Note	6.	Supplemental	Cash	Flows	

The	following	table	includes	supplemental	cash	flow	disclosures	for	each	of	the	years	ended	December	31:

Cash	paid	for	income	taxes,	net	of	refunds

Cash	paid	for	interest

Cash	paid	for	legal	settlements

Non-cash	investing	and	financing	activities

Dividends	declared	but	not	yet	paid

Accrued	property,	equipment	and	right-of-use	assets

Fair	value	of	assets	acquired,	net	of	cash	acquired

Fair	value	of	liabilities	assumed	related	to	acquisitions

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	

2,506	 $	

1,820	 $	

1,349	

414	

114	

545	

118	

341	

27	

399	

98	

479	

15	

4,969	

522	

311	

149	

439	

154	

1,106	

46	

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PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	7.	Investments	

The	Company’s	investments	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet	include	both	available-for-sale	and	held-to-maturity	debt	securities	
(see	Investments	section	below).		The	Company	classifies	its	investments	in	equity	securities	of	publicly	traded	and	privately	held	
companies	within	other	assets	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet	(see	Equity	Investments	section	below).

Investments	

Investments	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet	consisted	of	the	following	at	December	31:	

Available-for-sale	securities	1
Held-to-maturity	securities	2

Total	investments	

1

2

See	Available-for-Sale	Securities	section	below	for	further	detail.
The	cost	of	these	securities	approximates	fair	value.

Available-for-Sale	Securities	

2022

2021

(in	millions)

272	 $	

128	

400	 $	

314	

159	

473	

$	

$	

The	major	classes	of	the	Company’s	available-for-sale	investment	securities	and	their	respective	amortized	cost	basis	and	fair	values	
at	December	31	were	as	follows:

2022

2021

Amortized	
Cost	

Gross	
Unrealized	
Gain

Gross	
Unrealized	
Loss	

Fair	Value

Amortized	
Cost	

(in	millions)

Gross	
Unrealized	
Gain

Gross	
Unrealized	
Loss	

Fair	Value

$	

—	 $	

—	 $	

—	 $	

—	 $	

2	 $	

—	 $	

—	 $	

2	

Municipal	securities
Government	and	agency	
securities

Corporate	securities

Total

$	

278	 $	

—	 $	

(6)	 $	

272	 $	

314	 $	

—	 $	

—	 $	

91	

187	

—	

—	

(2)	

(4)	

89	

183	

98	

214	

—	

—	

—	

—	

98	

214	

314	

The	 Company’s	 corporate	 and	 municipal	 available-for-sale	 investment	 securities	 held	 at	 December	 31,	 2022	 and	 2021,	 primarily	
carried	 a	 credit	 rating	 of	 A-	 or	 better.	 	 Corporate	 securities	 are	 comprised	 of	 commercial	 paper	 and	 corporate	 bonds.	 	 Municipal	
securities	are	comprised	of	state	tax-exempt	bonds	and	are	diversified	across	states	and	sectors.		Government	and	agency	securities	
include	U.S.	government	bonds,	U.S.	government	sponsored	agency	bonds	and	foreign	government	bonds	which	are	denominated	in	
the	 national	 currency	 of	 the	 issuing	 country.	 	 Unrealized	 gains	 and	 losses	 are	 recorded	 as	 a	 separate	 component	 of	 other	
comprehensive	income	(loss)	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	comprehensive	income.

The	maturity	distribution	based	on	the	contractual	terms	of	the	Company’s	available-for-sale	investment	securities	at	December	31,	
2022	was	as	follows:

Due	within	1	year

Due	after	1	year	through	5	years

Total

Amortized
Cost

Fair	Value

$	

$	

(in	millions)

158	 $	

120	

278	 $	

157	

115	

272	

Investment	 income	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	 operations	 primarily	 consists	 of	 interest	 income	 generated	 from	 cash,	 cash	
equivalents,	 time	 deposits	 and	 available-for-sale	 investment	 securities,	 as	 well	 as	 realized	 gains	 and	 losses	 on	 the	 Company’s		
investment	securities.		The	realized	gains	and	losses	from	the	sales	of	available-for-sale	securities	for	2022,	2021	and	2020	were	not	
material.

84					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Equity	Investments

Included	 in	 other	 assets	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet	 are	 equity	 investments	 with	 readily	 determinable	 fair	 values	
(“Marketable	securities”)	and	equity	investments	without	readily	determinable	fair	values	(“Nonmarketable	securities”).		Marketable	
securities	 are	 equity	 interests	 in	 publicly	 traded	 companies	 and	 are	 measured	 using	 unadjusted	 quoted	 prices	 in	 their	 respective	
active	 markets.	 	 Nonmarketable	 securities	 that	 do	 not	 qualify	 for	 equity	 method	 accounting	 are	 measured	 at	 cost,	 less	 any	
impairment	 and	 adjusted	 for	 changes	 resulting	 from	 observable	 price	 changes	 in	 orderly	 transactions	 for	 the	 identical	 or	 similar	
investments	of	the	same	issuer	(“Measurement	alternative”).				

The	following	table	is	a	summary	of	the	activity	related	to	the	Company’s	equity	investments:	

Balance	at	
December	31,	
2021

Purchases

Sales

Changes	in	
Fair	Value	1

Other	2

Balance	at	
December	31,	
2022

(in	millions)

Marketable	securities	

Nonmarketable	securities	

Total	equity	investments	

$	

$	

627	 $	

1,207	

1,834	 $	

—	 $	

88	

88	 $	

—	 $	

(213)	 $	

(7)	

68	

(7)	 $	

(145)	 $	

(15)	 $	

(25)	

(40)	 $	

399	

1,331	

1,730	

1

2

Recorded	in	gains	(losses)	on	equity	investments,	net	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.
Includes	translational	impact	of	currency.

The	following	table	sets	forth	the	components	of	the	Company’s	Nonmarketable	securities	at	December	31:

Measurement	alternative

Equity	method

Total	Nonmarketable	securities

2022

2021

(in	millions)

1,087	 $	

244	

952	

255	

1,331	 $	

1,207	

$	

$	

The	 following	 table	 summarizes	 the	 total	 carrying	 value	 of	 the	 Company’s	 Measurement	 alternative	 investments,	 including	
cumulative	unrealized	gains	and	losses	through	December	31:

Initial	cost	basis
Cumulative	adjustments	1:
Upward	adjustments

Downward	adjustments	(including	impairment)

Carrying	amount,	end	of	period
1	Includes	immaterial	translational	impact	of	currency.

2022

(in	millions)

$	

503	

620	

(36)	

$	

1,087	

The	 following	 table	 summarizes	 the	 unrealized	 gains	 and	 losses	 included	 in	 the	 carrying	 value	 of	 the	 Company’s	 Measurement	
alternative	investments	and	Marketable	securities	for	the	years	ended	December	31:

Measurement	alternative	investments:

Upward	adjustments

Downward	adjustments	(including	impairment)

Marketable	securities:

Unrealized	gains	(losses),	net

Note	8.	Fair	Value	Measurements	

2022

2021

(in	millions)

2020

$	

$	

$	

114	 $	

(23)	 $	

468	 $	

(2)	 $	

(213)	 $	

8	 $	

21	

(3)	

(5)	

The	Company	classifies	its	fair	value	measurements	of	financial	instruments	into	a	three-level	hierarchy	(the	“Valuation	Hierarchy”).		
Financial	instruments	are	categorized	for	fair	value	measurement	purposes	as	recurring	or	nonrecurring	in	nature.		

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					85

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Financial	Instruments	-	Recurring	Measurements

The	distribution	of	the	Company’s	financial	instruments	measured	at	fair	value	on	a	recurring	basis	within	the	Valuation	Hierarchy	
were	as	follows:

December	31,	2022

December	31,	2021

Quoted	
Prices
in	Active
Markets
(Level	1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level	2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level	3)

Total

Quoted	
Prices
in	Active
Markets
(Level	1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level	2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level	3)

Total

(in	millions)

Assets

Investment	securities	available-for-
sale	1:

Municipal	securities

$	 —	 $	

—	 $	

—	 $	 —	 $	 —	 $	

2	 $	

Government	and	agency	securities

Corporate	securities
Derivative	instruments	2:
Foreign	exchange	contracts

Interest	rate	contracts	
Marketable	securities	3:
Equity	securities
Deferred	compensation	plan	4:

Deferred	compensation	assets

Liabilities
Derivative	instruments	2:

35	

—	

—	

—	

399	

74	

54	

183	

108	

—	

—	

—	

—	

—	

	 89	

	 183	

—	

—	

	 108	

	 —	

35	

—	

—	

—	

—	

	 399	

627	

—	

	 74	

89	

63	

214	

8	

6	

—	

—	

Foreign	exchange	contracts

$	 —	 $	

21	 $	

—	 $	 21	 $	 —	 $	

15	 $	

Interest	rate	contracts
Deferred	compensation	plan	5:

Deferred	compensation	liabilities

—	

73	

105	

—	

—	

	 105	

—	

—	

	 73	

89	

8	

—	

—	 $	 2	

—	

—	

	 98	

	 214	

—	

—	

8	

6	

—	

	 627	

—	

	 89	

—	 $	 15	

—	

8	

—	

	 89	

1

2

3

4

5

The	 Company’s	 U.S.	 government	 securities	 are	 classified	 within	 Level	 1	 of	 the	 Valuation	 Hierarchy	 as	 the	 fair	 values	 are	 based	 on	 unadjusted	
quoted	prices	for	identical	assets	in	active	markets.		The	fair	value	of	the	Company’s	available-for-sale	municipal	securities,	non-U.S.	government	
and	agency	securities	and	corporate	securities	are	based	on	observable	inputs	such	as	quoted	prices,	benchmark	yields	and	issuer	spreads	for	
similar	assets	in	active	markets	and	are	therefore	included	in	Level	2	of	the	Valuation	Hierarchy.
The	 Company’s	 foreign	 exchange	 and	 interest	 rate	 derivative	 asset	 and	 liability	 contracts	 have	 been	 classified	 within	 Level	 2	 of	 the	 Valuation	
Hierarchy	as	the	fair	value	is	based	on	observable	inputs	such	as	broker	quotes	for	similar	derivative	instruments.		See	Note	23	(Derivative	and	
Hedging	Instruments)	for	further	details.	
The	Company’s	Marketable	securities	are	publicly	held	and	classified	within	Level	1	of	the	Valuation	Hierarchy	as	the	fair	values	are	based	on	
unadjusted	quoted	prices	in	their	respective	active	markets.
The	Company	has	a	nonqualified	deferred	compensation	plan	where	assets	are	invested	primarily	in	mutual	funds	held	in	a	rabbi	trust,	which	is	
restricted	 for	 payments	 to	 participants	 of	 the	 plan.	 	 The	 Company	 has	 elected	 to	 use	 the	 fair	 value	 option	 for	 these	 mutual	 funds,	 which	 are	
measured	using	quoted	prices	of	identical	instruments	in	active	markets	and	are	included	in	prepaid	expenses	and	other	current	assets	on	the	
consolidated	balance	sheet.	
The	deferred	compensation	liabilities	are	measured	at	fair	value	based	on	the	quoted	prices	of	identical	instruments	to	the	investment	vehicles	
selected	by	the	participants.		These	are	included	in	other	liabilities	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet.		

86					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Financial	Instruments	-	Nonrecurring	Measurements

Nonmarketable	Securities

The	Company’s	Nonmarketable	securities	are	recorded	at	fair	value	on	a	nonrecurring	basis	in	periods	after	initial	recognition	under	
the	 equity	 method	 or	 measurement	 alternative	 method.	 	 Nonmarketable	 securities	 are	 classified	 within	 Level	 3	 of	 the	 Valuation	
Hierarchy	due	to	the	absence	of	quoted	market	prices,	the	inherent	lack	of	liquidity	and	unobservable	inputs	used	to	measure	fair	
value	that	require	management’s	judgment.		The	Company	uses	discounted	cash	flows	and	market	assumptions	to	estimate	the	fair	
value	 of	 its	 Nonmarketable	 securities	 when	 certain	 events	 or	 circumstances	 indicate	 that	 impairment	 may	 exist.	 	 See	 Note	 7	
(Investments)	for	further	details.		

Debt

The	Company	estimates	the	fair	value	of	its	debt	based	on	either	market	quotes	or	observable	market	data.		Debt	is	classified	as	
Level	2	of	the	Valuation	Hierarchy	as	it	is	generally	not	traded	in	active	markets.		At	December	31,	2022,	the	carrying	value	and	fair	
value	of	debt	was	$14.0	billion	and	$12.7	billion,	respectively.		At	December	31,	2021,	the	carrying	value	and	fair	value	of	debt	was	
$13.9	billion	and	$15.3	billion,	respectively.		See	Note	15	(Debt)	for	further	details.

Other	Financial	Instruments

Certain	 other	 financial	 instruments	 are	 carried	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet	 at	 cost	 or	 amortized	 cost	 basis,	 which	
approximates	 fair	 value	 due	 to	 their	 short-term,	 highly	 liquid	 nature.	 	 These	 instruments	 include	 cash	 and	 cash	 equivalents,	
restricted	 cash,	 time	 deposits,	 accounts	 receivable,	 settlement	 assets,	 restricted	 security	 deposits	 held	 for	 customers,	 accounts	
payable,	settlement	obligations	and	other	accrued	liabilities.

Note	9.	Prepaid	Expenses	and	Other	Assets	

Prepaid	expenses	and	other	current	assets	consisted	of	the	following	at	December	31:

Customer	and	merchant	incentives
Prepaid	income	taxes
Other
Total	prepaid	expenses	and	other	current	assets

Other	assets	consisted	of	the	following	at	December	31:

2022

2021

(in	millions)

1,392	 $	
34	
920	
2,346	 $	

1,326	
92	
853	
2,271	

$	

$	

2022

2021

(in	millions)

Customer	and	merchant	incentives

$	

4,578	 $	

Equity	investments

Income	taxes	receivable

Other

Total	other	assets

1,730	

633	

639	

3,798	

1,834	

645	

717	

$	

7,580	 $	

6,994	

Customer	and	merchant	incentives	represent	payments	made	to	customers	and	merchants	under	business	agreements.		Payments	
made	directly	related	to	entering	into	such	an	agreement	are	generally	capitalized	and	amortized	over	the	life	of	the	agreement.	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					87

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	10.	Property,	Equipment	and	Right-of-Use	Assets	

Property,	equipment	and	right-of-use	assets	consisted	of	the	following	at	December	31:

Building,	building	equipment	and	land

Equipment

Furniture	and	fixtures

Leasehold	improvements

Operating	lease	right-of-use	assets

Property,	equipment	and	right-of-use	assets

Less:	Accumulated	depreciation	and	amortization

Property,	equipment	and	right-of-use	assets,	net

2022

2021

$	

(in	millions)

652	 $	

1,711	

96	

376	

1,075	

3,910	

(1,904)	

$	

2,006	 $	

615	

1,456	

96	

371	

983	

3,521	

(1,614)	

1,907	

Depreciation	and	amortization	expense	for	the	above	property,	equipment	and	right-of-use	assets	was	$473	million,	 $424	million	
and	$400	million	for	2022,	2021	and	2020,	respectively.	

Operating	 lease	 ROU	 assets	 and	 operating	 lease	 liabilities	 are	 recorded	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet	 as	 follows	 at	
December	31:	

2022

2021

(in	millions)

Balance	sheet	location

Property,	equipment	and	right-of-use	assets,	net

$	

679	 $	

Other	current	liabilities

Other	liabilities

140	

630	

671	

127	

645	

Operating	lease	amortization	expense	was	$137	million,	$122	million	and	$123	million	for	2022,	2021	and	2020,	respectively.		As	of	
December	31,	2022	and	2021,	the	weighted-average	remaining	lease	term	of	operating	leases	was	8.4	years	and	8.8	years	and	the	
weighted-average	discount	rate	for	operating	leases	was	2.5%	and	2.6%,	respectively.

The	following	table	summarizes	the	maturity	of	the	Company’s	operating	lease	liabilities	at	December	31,	2022	based	on	lease	term:

Operating	Leases

(in	millions)

$	

$	

136	

135	

106	

91	

73	

308	

849	

(79)	

770	

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Total	operating	lease	payments

Less:	Interest

Present	value	of	operating	lease	liabilities

88					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	11.	Goodwill	

The	changes	in	the	carrying	amount	of	goodwill	for	the	years	ended	December	31	were	as	follows:

Beginning	balance

Additions

Foreign	currency	translation

Ending	balance

2022

2021

(in	millions)

7,662	 $	

200	

(340)	

7,522	 $	

4,960	

2,842	

(140)	

7,662	

$	

$	

The	 Company	 performed	 its	 annual	 qualitative	 assessment	 of	 goodwill	 during	 the	 fourth	 quarter	 of	 2022	 and	 determined	 a	
quantitative	 assessment	 was	 not	 necessary.	 	 The	 Company	 concluded	 that	 goodwill	 was	 not	 impaired	 and	 had	 no	 accumulated	
impairment	losses	at	December	31,	2022.

	Note	12.	Other	Intangible	Assets	

The	following	table	sets	forth	net	intangible	assets,	other	than	goodwill,	at	December	31:	

2022

2021

Gross	Carrying	
Amount

Accumulated	
Amortization

Net	Carrying	
Amount

Gross	Carrying	
Amount

Accumulated	
Amortization

Net	Carrying	
Amount

(in	millions)

Finite-lived	intangible	assets

Capitalized	software

$	

3,448	 $	

(1,402)	 $	

2,046	 $	

2,929	 $	

(1,288)	 $	

Customer	relationships

Other

Total

Indefinite-lived	intangible	assets

2,161	

54	

5,663	

(521)	

(37)	

(1,960)	

1,640	

17	

3,703	

2,272	

59	

5,260	

(429)	

(38)	

(1,755)	

1,641	

1,843	

21	

3,505	

Customer	relationships

156	

—	

156	

166	

—	

166	

Total

$	

5,819	 $	

(1,960)	 $	

3,859	 $	

5,426	 $	

(1,755)	 $	

3,671	

The	increase	in	the	gross	carrying	amount	of	amortized	intangible	assets	in	2022	was	primarily	related	to	software	additions	and	the	
business	 acquired	 in	 2022.	 	 See	 Note	 2	 (Acquisitions)	 for	 further	 details.	 	 Certain	 intangible	 assets	 are	 denominated	 in	 foreign	
currencies.		As	such,	the	change	in	intangible	assets	includes	a	component	attributable	to	foreign	currency	translation.		Based	on	the	
qualitative	 assessment	 performed	 in	 2022,	 it	 was	 determined	 that	 the	 Company’s	 indefinite-lived	 intangible	 assets	 were	 not	
impaired.

Amortization	on	the	assets	above	amounted	to	$414	million,	$424	million	and	$303	million	in	2022,	2021	and	2020,	respectively.		
The	 following	 table	 sets	 forth	 the	 estimated	 future	 amortization	 expense	 on	 finite-lived	 intangible	 assets	 on	 the	 consolidated	
balance	sheet	at	December	31,	2022	for	the	years	ending	December	31:	

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027	and	thereafter

Total

(in	millions)

$	

$	

493	

468	

450	

455	

1,837	

3,703	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					89

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	13.	Accrued	Expenses	and	Accrued	Litigation	

Accrued	expenses	consisted	of	the	following	at	December	31:

Customer	and	merchant	incentives

Personnel	costs

Income	and	other	taxes

Other

Total	accrued	expenses

2022

2021

(in	millions)

$	

5,600	 $	

4,730	

1,322	

279	

600	

980	

337	

595	

$	

7,801	 $	

6,642	

Customer	 and	 merchant	 incentives	 represent	 amounts	 to	 be	 paid	 to	 customers	 under	 business	 agreements.	 	 As	 of	December	 31,	
2022	 and	 2021,	 long-term	 customer	 and	 merchant	 incentives	 included	 in	 other	 liabilities	 were	$2,293	 million	 and	 $1,835	 million,	
respectively.	

As	of	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	the	Company’s	provision	for	litigation	was	$1,094	million	and	$840	million,	respectively.		These	
amounts	are	not	included	in	the	accrued	expenses	table	above	and	are	separately	reported	as	accrued	litigation	on	the	consolidated	
balance	 sheet.	 	 See	 Note	 21	 (Legal	 and	 Regulatory	 Proceedings)	 for	 additional	 information	 regarding	 the	 Company’s	 accrued	
litigation.

Note	14.	Pension,	Postretirement	and	Savings	Plans	

The	 Company	 and	 certain	 of	 its	 subsidiaries	 maintain	 various	 pension	 and	 other	 postretirement	 plans	 that	 cover	 substantially	 all	
employees	worldwide.

Defined	Contribution	Plans	

The	Company	sponsors	defined	contribution	retirement	plans.		The	primary	plan	is	the	Mastercard	Savings	Plan,	a	401(k)	plan	for	
substantially	all	of	the	Company’s	U.S.	employees,	which	is	subject	to	the	provisions	of	the	Employee	Retirement	Income	Security	
Act	of	1974,	as	amended.		In	addition,	the	Company	has	several	defined	contribution	plans	outside	of	the	U.S.		The	Company’s	total	
expense	for	its	defined	contribution	plans	was	$204	million,	$175	million	and	$150	million	in	2022,	2021	and	2020,	respectively.	

Defined	Benefit	and	Other	Postretirement	Plans

The	Company	sponsors	pension	and	postretirement	plans	for	certain	non-U.S.	employees	(the	“non-U.S.	Plans”)	that	cover	various	
benefits	 specific	 to	 their	 country	 of	 employment.	 	 Additionally,	 Vocalink	 has	 a	 defined	 benefit	 pension	 plan	 (the	 “Vocalink	 Plan”)	
which	was	permanently	closed	to	new	entrants	and	future	accruals	as	of	July	21,	2013,	however,	plan	participants’	obligations	are	
adjusted	for	future	salary	changes.		The	term	“Pension	Plans”	includes	the	non-U.S.	Plans	and	the	Vocalink	Plan.

The	Company	maintains	a	postretirement	plan	providing	health	coverage	and	life	insurance	benefits	for	substantially	all	of	its	U.S.	
employees	hired	before	July	1,	2007	(the	“Postretirement	Plan”).

90					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

The	Company	uses	a	December	31	measurement	date	for	the	Pension	Plans	and	its	Postretirement	Plan	(collectively	the	“Plans”).		
The	Company	recognizes	the	funded	status	of	its	Plans,	measured	as	the	difference	between	the	fair	value	of	the	plan	assets	and	the	
projected	 benefit	 obligation,	 on	 the	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet.	 	 The	 following	 table	 sets	 forth	 the	 Plans’	 funded	 status,	 key	
assumptions	and	amounts	recognized	on	the	Company’s	consolidated	balance	sheet	at	December	31:

Change	in	benefit	obligation

Benefit	obligation	at	beginning	of	year

Service	cost

Interest	cost

Actuarial	(gain)	loss

Benefits	paid

Transfers	in

Foreign	currency	translation	

Benefit	obligation	at	end	of	year

Change	in	plan	assets

Fair	value	of	plan	assets	at	beginning	of	year

Actual	gain/(loss)	on	plan	assets

Employer	contributions

Benefits	paid

Transfers	in

Foreign	currency	translation	

Fair	value	of	plan	assets	at	end	of	year

Funded	status	at	end	of	year

Amounts	recognized	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet	consist	of:

Noncurrent	assets

Other	liabilities,	short-term

Other	liabilities,	long-term

Accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	consists	of:

Net	actuarial	(gain)	loss

Prior	service	credit

Balance	at	end	of	year

Weighted-average	assumptions	used	to	determine	end	of	year	benefit	
obligations

Discount	rate

Non-U.S.	Plans

Vocalink	Plan

Postretirement	Plan

Rate	of	compensation	increase

Non-U.S.	Plans

Vocalink	Plan

Postretirement	Plan

*	Not	applicable	

Pension	Plans

Postretirement	Plan

2022

2021

2022

2021

($	in	millions)

$	 596	

$	 604	

$	

62	

$	

70	

12	

9	

(156)	

(16)	

5	

(58)	

392	

688	

(203)	

25	

(16)	

5	

(69)	

430	

14	

9	

(6)	

(17)	

4	

(12)	

596	

617	

63	

32	

(17)	

4	

(11)	

688	

1	

2	

(16)	

(6)	

—	

—	

43	

—	

—	

6	

(6)	

—	

—	

—	

1	

2	

(7)	

(4)	

—	

—	

62	

—	

—	

4	

(4)	

—	

—	

—	

$	

38	

$	

92	

$	

(43)	

$	

(62)	

$	

44	

—	

(6)	

$	 105	

$	 —	

$	 —	

—	

(13)	

(3)	

(40)	

(3)	

(59)	

$	

38	

$	

92	

$	

(43)	

$	

(62)	

$	

$	

23	

1	

24	

$	

(38)	

$	

(14)	

$	

1	

(1)	

2	

(2)	

$	

(37)	

$	

(15)	

$	 —	

	3.80	%

	4.80	%

*

	1.50	%

	2.70	%

*

	0.90	%

	1.75	%

*

*

*

*

*

	5.50	%

	2.75	%

	1.50	%

	3.20	%

*

*

*

*

*

	3.00	%

	3.00	%

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					91

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

At	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	the	Company’s	aggregated	Pension	Plan	assets	exceeded	the	benefit	obligations.		For	plans	where	
the	 benefit	 obligations	 exceeded	 plan	 assets,	 the	 projected	 benefit	 obligation	 was	 $8	 million	 and	 $116	 million,	 the	 accumulated	
benefit	obligation	was	$6	million	and	$115	million	and	plan	assets	were	$2	million	and	$104	million	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	
respectively.		Information	on	the	Pension	Plans	were	as	follows	as	of	December	31:	

Projected	benefit	obligation

Accumulated	benefit	obligation

Fair	value	of	plan	assets

2022

2021

(in	millions)

$	

392	 $	

388	

430	

596	

592	

688	

For	 the	 year	 ended	 December	 31,	 2022,	 the	 Company’s	 projected	 benefit	 obligation	 related	 to	 its	 Pension	 Plans	 decreased	 $204	
million,	primarily	attributable	to	actuarial	gains	related	to	higher	discount	rate	assumptions.		For	the	year	ended	December	31,	2021,	
the	Company’s	projected	benefit	obligation	related	to	its	Pension	Plans	decreased	$8	million,	primarily	attributable	to	actuarial	gains	
related	to	higher	discount	rate	assumptions.

Components	 of	 net	 periodic	 benefit	 cost	 recorded	 in	 earnings	 were	 as	 follows	 for	 the	 Plans	 for	 each	 of	 the	 years	 ended	
December	31:

Service	cost

Interest	cost

Expected	return	on	plan	assets

Amortization	of	actuarial	loss

Amortization	of	prior	service	credit

Net	periodic	benefit	cost

Pension	Plans

Postretirement	Plan

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	 12	 $	 14	 $	 13	 $	

1	 $	

1	 $	

9	

9	

9	

2	

2	

1	

2	

(14)	

(19)	

(18)	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

(1)	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

	 —	

(1)	

(1)	

(1)	

$	

7	 $	

3	 $	

4	 $	

2	 $	

2	 $	

2	

The	service	cost	component	is	recognized	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations.		Net	
periodic	benefit	cost,	excluding	the	service	cost	component,	is	recognized	in	other	income	(expense)	on	the	consolidated	statement	
of	operations.

Other	changes	in	plan	assets	and	benefit	obligations	recognized	in	other	comprehensive	income	for	the	years	ended	December	31	
were	as	follows:

Current	year	actuarial	loss	(gain)

Amortization	of	prior	service	credit

Total	other	comprehensive	loss	(income)

Pension	Plans

Postretirement	Plan

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	 61	 $	 (50)	 $	

5	 $	 (16)	 $	

(7)	 $	

$	 —	 $	 —	 $	 —	 $	

1	 $	

2	 $	

$	 61	 $	 (50)	 $	

5	 $	 (15)	 $	

(5)	 $	

7	

1	

8	

Total	net	periodic	benefit	cost	and	other	comprehensive	loss	(income)

$	 68	 $	 (47)	 $	

9	 $	 (13)	 $	

(3)	 $	 10	

92					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Assumptions	

Weighted-average	assumptions	used	to	determine	net	periodic	benefit	cost	were	as	follows	for	the	years	ended	December	31:

Discount	rate

Non-U.S.	Plans

Vocalink	Plan

Postretirement	Plan

Expected	return	on	plan	assets

Non-U.S.	Plans

Vocalink	Plan

Rate	of	compensation	increase

Non-U.S.	Plans

Vocalink	Plan

Postretirement	Plan

*	Not	applicable

Pension	Plans

Postretirement	Plan

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

2020

	0.90	% 	0.70	% 	0.70	%

	1.75	% 	1.55	% 	1.55	%

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

* 	2.75	% 	2.50	% 	3.25	%

	1.60	% 	1.60	% 	1.60	%

	2.30	% 	3.20	% 	3.20	%

	1.50	% 	1.50	% 	1.50	%

	3.20	% 	2.75	% 	2.75	%

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

* 	3.00	% 	3.00	% 	3.00	%

The	Company’s	discount	rate	assumptions	are	based	on	yield	curves	derived	from	high	quality	corporate	bonds,	which	are	matched	
to	the	expected	cash	flows	of	each	respective	plan.		The	expected	return	on	plan	assets	assumptions	are	derived	using	the	current	
and	expected	asset	allocations	of	the	Pension	Plans’	assets	and	considering	historical	as	well	as	expected	returns	on	various	classes	
of	 plan	 assets.	 	 The	 rates	 of	 compensation	 increases	 are	 determined	 by	 the	 Company,	 based	 upon	 its	 long-term	 plans	 for	 such	
increases.		

The	following	additional	assumptions	were	used	at	December	31	in	accounting	for	the	Postretirement	Plan:

Healthcare	cost	trend	rate	assumed	for	next	year

Ultimate	trend	rate	

Year	that	the	rate	reaches	the	ultimate	trend	rate

Assets

2022

2021

	6.50	% 	6.75	%

	5.00	% 	5.00	%

6

7

Plan	 assets	 are	 managed	 taking	 into	 account	 the	 timing	 and	 amount	 of	 future	 benefit	 payments.	 	 The	 Vocalink	 Plan	 assets	 are	
managed	with	the	following	target	asset	allocations:	cash	and	cash	equivalents	14%,	U.K.	government	securities	41%,	fixed	income	
18%,	equity	16%	and	real	estate	11%.		For	the	non-U.S.	Plans,	the	assets	are	concentrated	primarily	in	insurance	contracts.		

The	 Valuation	 Hierarchy	 of	 the	 Pension	 Plans’	 assets	 is	 determined	 using	 a	 consistent	 application	 of	 the	 categorization	
measurements	 for	 the	 Company’s	 financial	 instruments.	 	 See	 Note	 1	 (Summary	 of	 Significant	 Accounting	 Policies)	 for	 additional	
information.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					93

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

The	following	table	sets	forth	by	level	within	the	Valuation	Hierarchy,	the	Pension	Plans’	assets	at	fair	value:

December	31,	2022

December	31,	2021

Quoted	
Prices	in	
Active	
Markets	
(Level	1)

Significant	
Other	
Observable	
Inputs	
(Level	2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level	3)

Fair	
Value

Quoted	
Prices	in	
Active	
Markets	
(Level	1)

Significant	
Other	
Observable	
Inputs	
(Level	2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level	3)

Fair	
Value

(in	millions)

Cash	and	cash	equivalents	1
Mutual	funds	2
Insurance	contracts	3

$	

43	 $	

—	 $	

—	 $	 43	 $	 246	 $	

—	 $	

—	 $	 246	

106	

—	

128	

114	

—	

—	

	 234	

	 114	

185	

—	

102	

104	

—	

—	

	 287	

	 104	

Total

$	 149	 $	

242	 $	

—	 $	 391	 $	 431	 $	

206	 $	

—	 $	 637	

Investments	at	Net	Asset	Value	(“NAV”)	4

Total	Plan	Assets

39	

$	 430	

51	

$	 688	

1

2

3

4

Cash	and	cash	equivalents	are	valued	at	quoted	market	prices,	which	represent	the	net	asset	value	of	the	shares	held	by	the	Plans.

Certain	mutual	funds	are	valued	at	quoted	market	prices,	which	represent	the	value	of	the	shares	held	by	the	Plans,	and	are	therefore	included	in	
Level	 1.	 	 Certain	 other	 mutual	 funds	 are	 valued	 at	 unit	 values	 provided	 by	 investment	 managers,	 which	 are	 based	 on	 the	 fair	 value	 of	 the	
underlying	 investments	 utilizing	 public	 information,	 independent	 external	 valuation	 from	 third-party	 services	 or	 third-party	 advisors,	 and	 are	
therefore	included	in	Level	2.

Insurance	contracts	are	valued	at	unit	values	provided	by	investment	managers,	which	are	based	on	the	fair	value	of	the	underlying	investments	
utilizing	public	information,	independent	external	valuation	from	third-party	services	or	third-party	advisors.

Investments	at	NAV	include	mutual	funds	(comprised	primarily	of	credit	investments)	and	other	investments	(comprised	primarily	of	real	estate	
investments)	and	are	valued	using	the	net	asset	value	provided	by	the	administrator	as	a	practical	expedient,	and	therefore	these	investments	
are	not	included	in	the	valuation	hierarchy.		These	investments	have	quarterly	redemption	frequencies	with	redemption	notice	periods	ranging	
from	60	to	90	days.	

The	following	table	summarizes	expected	benefit	payments	(as	of	December	31,	2022)	through	2032	for	the	Pension	Plans	and	the	
Postretirement	Plan,	including	those	payments	expected	to	be	paid	from	the	Company’s	general	assets.		Actual	benefit	payments	
may	differ	from	expected	benefit	payments.

Pension	Plans

Postretirement	Plan

$	

(in	millions)

28	 $	

20	

19	

18	

25	

114	

3	

3	

3	

3	

4	

18	

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028	-	2032

94					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	15.	Debt	

Debt	consisted	of	the	following	at	December	31:

2022

2021

(in	millions)

Effective
Interest	Rate

Senior	Notes

2022	EUR	Notes	1

	1.000	% Senior	Notes	due	February	2029

$	

800	 $	

2021	USD	Notes

	2.000	% Senior	Notes	due	November	2031

	1.900	% Senior	Notes	due	March	2031

	2.950	% Senior	Notes	due	March	2051

2020	USD	Notes

	3.300	% Senior	Notes	due	March	2027

	3.350	% Senior	Notes	due	March	2030

	3.850	% Senior	Notes	due	March	2050

2019	USD	Notes

	2.950	% Senior	Notes	due	June	2029

	3.650	% Senior	Notes	due	June	2049

	2.000	% Senior	Notes	due	March	2025

2018	USD	Notes

	3.500	% Senior	Notes	due	February	2028

	3.950	% Senior	Notes	due	February	2048

2016	USD	Notes

	2.950	% Senior	Notes	due	November	2026

	3.800	% Senior	Notes	due	November	2046

2015	EUR	Notes	2

	1.100	% Senior	Notes	due	December	2022

	2.100	% Senior	Notes	due	December	2027

	2.500	% Senior	Notes	due	December	2030

750	

600	

700	

1,000	

1,500	

1,500	

1,000	

1,000	

750	

500	

500	

750	

600	

—	

854	

160	

—	

750	

600	

700	

1,000	

1,500	

1,500	

1,000	

1,000	

750	

500	

500	

750	

600	

793	

906	

170	

2014	USD	Notes

	3.375	% Senior	Notes	due	April	2024

1,000	

1,000	

	1.138	%

	2.112	%

	1.981	%

	3.013	%

	3.420	%

	3.430	%

	3.896	%

	3.030	%

	3.689	%

	2.147	%

	3.598	%

	3.990	%

	3.044	%

	3.893	%

	1.265	%

	2.189	%

	2.562	%

	3.484	%

Other	Debt

INR	Term	Loan	3

	8.640	% Term	Loan	due	July	2023

Less:	Unamortized	discount	and	debt	issuance	costs
Less:	Cumulative	hedge	accounting	fair	value	adjustments	4
Total	debt	outstanding
Less:	Short-term	debt	5
Long-term	debt

275	

14,239	

(111)	

(105)	

14,023	

(274)	

$	

13,749	 $	

—	

	9.090	%

14,019	

(116)	

(2)	

13,901	

(792)	

13,109	

1

2

3

4

5

€750	million	euro-denominated	debt	issued	in	February	2022.
€1.650	billion	euro-denominated	debt	issued	in	December	2015	of	which	€700	million	($724	million)	matured	and	was	paid	during	2022.
INR22.7	billion	Indian	rupee-denominated	loan	issued	in	July	2022.
In	 2021,	 the	 Company	 entered	 into	 an	 interest	 rate	 swap	 which	 is	 accounted	 for	 as	 a	 fair	 value	 hedge.	 See	 Note	 23	 (Derivative	 and	 Hedging	
Instruments)	for	additional	information.
The	INR	Term	Loan	due	July	2023	is	classified	as	short-term	debt	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet	as	of	December	31,	2022.		The	2015	EUR	
Notes	due	December	2022	are	classified	as	short-term	debt	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet	as	of	December	31,	2021.

Senior	Notes

In	February	2022,	the	Company	issued	€750	million	($800	million	as	of	December	31,	2022)	principal	amount	of	notes	due	February	
2029	 (the	 “2022	 EUR	 Notes”).	 	 The	 net	 proceeds	 from	 the	 issuance	 of	 the	 2022	 EUR	 Notes,	 after	 deducting	 the	 original	 issue	
discount,	underwriting	discount	and	offering	expenses,	were	€743	million	($843	million	as	of	the	date	of	settlement).

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					95

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

In	March	2021,	the	Company	issued	$600	million	principal	amount	of	notes	due	March	2031	and	$700	million	principal	amount	of	
notes	due	March	2051.		In	November	2021,	the	Company	also	issued	$750	million	principal	amount	of	notes	due	November	2031.		
The	two	issuances	in	2021	are	collectively	referred	to	as	the	“2021	USD	Notes”.		The	net	proceeds	from	the	issuance	of	the	2021	USD	
Notes,	after	deducting	the	original	issue	discount,	underwriting	discount	and	offering	expenses,	were	$2.024	billion.

In	March	2020,	the	Company	issued	$1	billion	principal	amount	of	notes	due	March	2027,	$1.5	billion	principal	amount	of	notes	due	
March	2030	and	$1.5	billion	principal	amount	of	notes	due	March	2050	(collectively	the	“2020	USD	Notes”).		The	net	proceeds	from	
the	issuance	of	the	2020	USD	Notes,	after	deducting	the	original	issue	discount,	underwriting	discount	and	offering	expenses,	were	
$3.959	billion.

The	 Senior	 Notes	 described	 above	 are	 not	 subject	 to	 any	 financial	 covenants	 and	 may	 be	 redeemed	 in	 whole,	 or	 in	 part,	 at	 the	
Company’s	option	at	any	time	for	a	specified	make-whole	amount.		These	notes	are	senior	unsecured	obligations	and	would	rank	
equally	with	any	future	unsecured	and	unsubordinated	indebtedness.	

Indian	Rupee	(“INR”)	Term	Loan

In	July	2022,	the	Company	entered	into	an	unsecured	INR22.7	billion	($275	million	as	of	December	31,	2022)	term	loan	due	July	2023	
(the	“INR	Term	Loan”).		The	net	proceeds	of	the	INR	Term	Loan,	after	deducting	issuance	costs,	were	INR22.6	billion	($284	million	as	
of	the	date	of	settlement).

The	 Company	 obtained	 the	 INR	 Term	 Loan	 to	 serve	 as	 an	 economic	 hedge	 to	 offset	 possible	 changes	 in	 the	 value	 of	 INR-
denominated	monetary	assets	due	to	foreign	exchange	fluctuations.		The	INR	Term	Loan	is	not	subject	to	any	financial	covenants	
and	it	may	be	repaid	in	whole	at	the	Company’s	option	at	any	time	for	a	specified	make-whole	amount.				

Scheduled	annual	maturities	of	the	principal	portion	of	long-term	debt	outstanding	at	December	31,	2022	are	summarized	below.	

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Total

(in	millions)

$	

275	

1,000	

750	

750	

1,854	

9,610	

$	

14,239	

As	 of	 December	 31,	 2022,	 the	 Company	 has	 a	 commercial	 paper	 program	 (the	 “Commercial	 Paper	 Program”)	 under	 which	 the	
Company	is	authorized	to	issue	up	to	$6	billion	in	unsecured	commercial	paper	notes	with	maturities	of	up	to	397	days	from	the	date	
of	 issuance.	 	 On	 January	 27,	 2023,	 the	 Company	 increased	 its	 Commercial	 Paper	 Program	 from	 $6	 billion	 to	 $8	 billion.	 	 The	
Commercial	Paper	Program	is	available	in	U.S.	dollars.

In	conjunction	with	the	Commercial	Paper	Program,	the	Company	entered	into	a	committed	five-year	unsecured	$8	billion	revolving	
credit	facility	(the	“Credit	Facility”)	on	November	10,	2022.		The	Credit	Facility,	which	expires	on	November	10,	2027,	amended	and	
restated	the	Company’s	prior	$6	billion	credit	facility	which	was	set	to	expire	on	November	12,	2026.		Borrowings	under	the	Credit	
Facility	are	available	in	U.S.	dollars	and/or	euros.		The	facility	fee	under	the	Credit	Facility	is	determined	according	to	the	Company’s	
credit	rating	and	is	payable	on	the	average	daily	commitment,	regardless	of	usage,	per	annum.		In	addition	to	the	facility	fee,	interest	
rates	 on	 borrowings	 under	 the	 Credit	 Facility	 would	 be	 based	 on	 prevailing	 market	 interest	 rates	 plus	 applicable	 margins	 that	
fluctuate	based	on	the	Company’s	credit	rating.		The	Credit	Facility	contains	customary	representations,	warranties,	affirmative	and	
negative	covenants,	events	of	default	and	indemnification	provisions.		The	Company	was	in	compliance	in	all	material	respects	with	
the	covenants	of	the	Credit	Facility	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021.		

Borrowings	under	the	Commercial	Paper	Program	and	the	Credit	Facility	are	to	be	used	to	provide	liquidity	for	general	corporate	
purposes,	including	providing	liquidity	in	the	event	of	one	or	more	settlement	failures	by	the	Company’s	customers.		The	Company	
may	borrow	and	repay	amounts	under	the	Commercial	Paper	Program	and	Credit	Facility	from	time	to	time.		The	Company	had	no	
borrowings	under	the	Credit	Facility	or	the	Commercial	Paper	Program	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021.

96					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	16.	Stockholders'	Equity	

Classes	of	Capital	Stock

Mastercard’s	amended	and	restated	certificate	of	incorporation	authorizes	the	following	classes	of	capital	stock:	

Class
A

Par	Value	
Per	Share
$0.0001

Authorized	
Shares	
(in	millions)

3,000	 One	vote	per	share		

Dividend	rights

B

$0.0001

1,200	 Non-voting

Dividend	rights

Dividend	and	Voting	Rights

Preferred

$0.0001

300	 No	shares	issued	or	outstanding	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021.		Dividend	and	voting	

rights	are	to	be	determined	by	the	Board	of	Directors	of	the	Company	upon	issuance.

Dividends	

The	Company	declared	a	quarterly	cash	dividend	on	its	Class	A	and	Class	B	Common	Stock	during	each	of	the	four	quarters	of	2022,	
2021	and	2020.		

The	Company	declared	total	per	share	dividends	on	its	Class	A	and	Class	B	Common	Stock	during	the	years	ended	December	31	as	
summarized	below:	

Dividends	declared	per	share	

Total	dividends	declared

Ownership	and	Governance	Structure

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions,	except	per	share	data)

$	

$	

2.04	 $	

1,968	 $	

1.81	 $	

1,781	 $	

1.64	

1,641	

Equity	ownership	and	voting	power	of	the	Company’s	shares	were	allocated	as	follows	as	of	December	31:

Public	Investors	(Class	A	stockholders)
Principal	or	Affiliate	Customers	(Class	B	stockholders)
Mastercard	Foundation	(Class	A	stockholders)

Class	B	Common	Stock	Conversions

2022

2021

Equity	
Ownership

	88.5	%
	0.8	%
	10.7	%

General	
Voting	Power
	89.3	%
	—	%
	10.7	%

Equity	
Ownership

	88.4	%
	0.8	%
	10.8	%

General	
Voting	Power
	89.2	%
	—	%
	10.8	%

Shares	of	Class	B	common	stock	are	convertible	on	a	one-for-one	basis	into	shares	of	Class	A	common	stock.		Entities	eligible	to	hold	
Mastercard’s	Class	B	common	stock	are	defined	in	the	Company’s	amended	and	restated	certificate	of	incorporation	(generally	the	
Company’s	 principal	 or	 affiliate	 customers),	 and	 they	 are	 restricted	 from	 retaining	 ownership	 of	 shares	 of	 Class	 A	 common	 stock.		
Class	B	stockholders	are	required	to	subsequently	sell	or	otherwise	transfer	any	shares	of	Class	A	common	stock	received	pursuant	
to	such	a	conversion.		

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					97

	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Mastercard	Foundation

In	connection	and	simultaneously	with	its	2006	initial	public	offering	(the	“IPO”),	the	Company	issued	and	donated	135	million	newly	
authorized	shares	of	Class	A	common	stock	to	Mastercard	Foundation.		Mastercard	Foundation	is	a	private	charitable	foundation	
incorporated	in	Canada	that	is	controlled	by	directors	who	are	independent	of	the	Company	and	its	principal	customers.		Under	the	
terms	of	the	donation,	Mastercard	Foundation	became	 able	 to	resell	the	donated	shares	in	May	2010	to	the	extent	necessary	to	
meet	charitable	disbursement	requirements	pursuant	to	Canadian	tax	law.		Under	such	current	law,	Mastercard	Foundation	must	
annually	 disburse	 at	 least	 3.5%	 of	 its	 assets	 not	 used	 in	 its	 charitable	 activities	 and	 administration	 in	 the	 previous	 eight	 quarters	
(“Disbursement	 Quota”).	 	 However,	 Mastercard	 Foundation	 obtained	 permission	 from	 the	 Canada	 Revenue	 Agency	 to,	 until	
December	 31,	 2021,	 meet	 its	 cumulative	 Disbursement	 Quota	 obligations	 over	 a	 period	 of	 time	 that,	 on	 average,	 demonstrated	
compliance	 with	 the	 requirement	 for	 such	 established	 time	 period.	 	 Currently,	 Mastercard	 Foundation	 may	 not	 sell	 or	 otherwise	
transfer	its	donated	shares	prior	to	May	1,	2027,	except	to	the	extent	necessary	to	satisfy	the	Disbursement	Quota.		Based	on	that	
timing,	 Mastercard	 Foundation	 would	 be	 permitted	 to	 sell	 all	 of	 its	 remaining	 shares	 beginning	 May	 1,	 2027,	 subject	 to	 certain	
conditions.

Common	Stock	Activity

The	 following	 table	 presents	 the	 changes	 in	 the	 Company’s	 outstanding	 Class	 A	 and	 Class	 B	 common	 stock	 for	 the	 years	 ended	
December	31:

Balance	at	December	31,	2019

Purchases	of	treasury	stock

Share-based	payments

Conversion	of	Class	B	to	Class	A	common	stock

Balance	at	December	31,	2020

Purchases	of	treasury	stock

Share-based	payments

Conversion	of	Class	B	to	Class	A	common	stock

Balance	at	December	31,	2021

Purchases	of	treasury	stock

Share-based	payments

Conversion	of	Class	B	to	Class	A	common	stock

Balance	at	December	31,	2022

Outstanding	Shares

Class	A

Class	B

(in	millions)

996.0	

(14.3)	

2.3	

2.9	

986.9	

(16.5)	

1.2	

0.5	

972.1	

(25.7)	

1.8	

0.2	

948.4	

11.2	

—	

—	

(2.9)	

8.3	

—	

—	

(0.5)	

7.8	

—	

—	

(0.2)	

7.6	

The	Company’s	Board	of	Directors	have	approved	share	repurchase	programs	of	its	Class	A	Common	Stock	authorizing	the	Company	
to	repurchase	shares.		The	following	table	summarizes	the	Company’s	share	repurchase	authorizations	of	its	Class	A	common	stock	
for	the	years	ended	December	31:

Board	authorization

Dollar-value	of	shares	repurchased

Shares	repurchased

Average	price	paid	per	share

2022

2021

2020

(In	millions,	except	per	share	data)

$	

$	

9,000	 $	

8,000	 $	

8,753	 $	

5,904	 $	

25.7	

16.5	

6,000	

4,473	

14.3	

$	

340.60	 $	

356.82	 $	

312.68	

As	of	December	31,	2022,	the	remaining	authorization	under	the	share	repurchase	programs	approved	by	the	Company’s	Board	of	
Directors	was	$12.2	billion.

98					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	17.	Accumulated	Other	Comprehensive	Income	(Loss)	

The	changes	in	the	balances	of	each	component	of	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss),	net	of	tax,	for	the	years	ended	
December	31,	2022	and	2021	were	as	follows:

Foreign	currency	translation	adjustments	1
Translation	adjustments	on	net	investment	hedges	2

Cash	flow	hedges

Foreign	exchange	contracts	3

Interest	rate	contracts

Defined	benefit	pension	and	other	postretirement	plans	4

Investment	securities	available-for-sale

December	31,	
2021

Increase	/	
(Decrease)

Reclassifications

December	31,	
2022

(in	millions)

$	

(739)	 $	

(675)	 $	

—	 $	

(1,414)	

34	

275	

4	

(128)	

21	

(1)	

1	

—	

(31)	

(5)	

—	

(13)	

5	

(1)	

—	

309	

(8)	

(123)	

(11)	

(6)	

Accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)

$	

(809)	 $	

(435)	 $	

(9)	 $	

(1,253)	

December	31,	
2020

Increase	/	
(Decrease)

Reclassifications

December	31,	
2021

(in	millions)

Foreign	currency	translation	adjustments	1
Translation	adjustments	on	net	investment	hedges	2

$	

(352)	 $	

(387)	 $	

(175)	

209	

Cash	flow	hedges

Foreign	exchange	contracts	3

Interest	rate	contracts

Defined	benefit	pension	and	other	postretirement	plans	4

Investment	securities	available-for-sale

—	

(133)	

(20)	

—	

5	

—	

43	

(1)	

—	 $	

—	

(1)	

5	

(2)	

—	

(739)	

34	

4	

(128)	

21	

(1)	

Accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)

$	

(680)	 $	

(131)	 $	

2	 $	

(809)	

1

2

3

4

During	2022,	the	increase	in	the	accumulated	other	comprehensive	loss	related	to	foreign	currency	translation	adjustments	was	driven	primarily	
by	the	depreciation	of	the	euro	and	British	pound	against	the	U.S.	dollar.		During	2021,	the	increase	in	the	accumulated	other	comprehensive	loss	
related	to	foreign	currency	translation	adjustments	was	driven	primarily	by	the	depreciation	of	the	euro	against	the	U.S.	dollar.		

During	2022	and	2021,	the	increase	in	the	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	related	to	the	net	investment	hedges	was	driven	by	the	
depreciation	of	the	euro	against	the	U.S.	dollar.		See	Note	23	(Derivative	and	Hedging	Instruments)	for	additional	information.

Certain	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts	are	designated	as	cash	flow	hedging	instruments.		Gains	and	losses	resulting	from	changes	in	the	
fair	value	of	these	contracts	are	deferred	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)	and	subsequently	reclassified	to	the	consolidated	
statement	 of	 operations	 when	 the	 underlying	 hedged	 transactions	 impact	 earnings.	 	 See	 Note	 23	 (Derivative	 and	 Hedging	 Instruments)	 for	
additional	information.

During	2022,	the	increase	in	the	accumulated	other	comprehensive	loss	related	to	the	Plans	was	driven	primarily	by	a	net	actuarial	loss	within	
the	Pension	Plans.		During	2021,	the	increase	in	the	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	related	to	the	Plans	was	driven	primarily	by	a	net	
actuarial	gain	within	the	Pension	Plans.		See	Note	14	(Pension,	Postretirement	and	Savings	Plans)	for	additional	information.	

Note	18.	Share-Based	Payments	

In	May	2006,	the	Company	granted	the	following	awards	under	the	Mastercard	Incorporated	2006	Long	Term	Incentive	Plan,	which	
was	 amended	 and	 restated	 as	 of	 June	 22,	 2021	 (the	 “LTIP”).	 	 The	 LTIP	 is	 a	 stockholder-approved	 plan	 that	 permits	 the	 grant	 of	
various	types	of	equity	awards	to	employees.		The	Company	has	granted	Options,	RSUs	and	PSUs	under	the	LTIP.		The	Company	uses	
the	 straight-line	 method	 of	 attribution	 for	 expensing	 all	 equity	 awards.	 	 Compensation	 expense	 is	 recorded	 net	 of	 estimated	
forfeitures,	with	estimates	adjusted	as	appropriate.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					99

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

There	are	approximately	116	million	shares	of	Class	A	common	stock	authorized	for	equity	awards	under	the	LTIP.		Although	the	LTIP	
permits	the	issuance	of	shares	of	Class	B	common	stock,	no	such	shares	have	been	authorized	for	issuance.		Shares	issued	as	a	result	
of	Option	exercises	and	the	conversions	of	RSUs	and	PSUs	were	funded	primarily	with	the	issuance	of	new	shares	of	Class	A	common	
stock.

Stock	Options

Options	expire	ten	years	from	the	date	of	grant	and	vest	ratably	over	three	years	for	awards	granted	on	or	after	March	1,	2022.		For	
awards	granted	before	March	1,	2022,	they	vest	ratably	over	four	years.		For	Options	granted,	a	participant’s	unvested	awards	are	
forfeited	 upon	 termination.	 	 In	 the	 event	 a	 participant	 terminates	 employment	 due	 to	 disability	 or	 retirement	 more	 than	 seven	
months	 after	 receiving	 the	 award,	 however,	 the	 participant	 retains	 all	 of	 their	 awards	 without	 providing	 additional	 service	 to	 the	
Company.		Retirement	eligibility	is	dependent	upon	age	and	years	of	service.		Compensation	expense	is	recognized	over	the	vesting	
period	as	stated	in	the	LTIP.	

The	 fair	 value	 of	 each	 Option	 is	 estimated	 on	 the	 date	 of	 grant	 using	 a	 Black-Scholes	 option	 pricing	 model.	 	 The	 following	 table	
presents	the	weighted-average	assumptions	used	in	the	valuation	and	the	resulting	weighted-average	fair	value	per	Option	granted	
for	the	years	ended	December	31:

Risk-free	rate	of	return

Expected	term	(in	years)

Expected	volatility

Expected	dividend	yield

2022

2021

2020

	1.6	%

6.00

	24.6	%

	0.6	%

	0.9	%

6.00

	26.1	%

	0.5	%

	1.0	%

6.00

	19.3	%

	0.6	%

Weighted-average	fair	value	per	Option	granted

$	 86.92	

$	 91.70	

$	 80.92	

The	risk-free	rate	of	return	was	based	on	the	U.S.	Treasury	yield	curve	in	effect	on	the	date	of	grant.		The	expected	term	and	the	
expected	volatility	were	based	on	historical	Mastercard	information.		The	expected	dividend	yields	were	based	on	the	Company’s	
expected	annual	dividend	rate	on	the	date	of	grant.

The	following	table	summarizes	the	Company’s	option	activity	for	the	year	ended	December	31,	2022:

Outstanding	at	January	1,	2022

Granted

Exercised

Forfeited

Expired

Outstanding	at	December	31,	2022

Exercisable	at	December	31,	2022

Options	vested	and	expected	to	vest	at	December	31,	2022

Weighted-
Average	
Exercise	
Price

Weighted-
Average	
Remaining	
Contractual	
Term

Aggregate	
Intrinsic	
Value

(in	years)

(in	millions)

Options

(in	millions)

5.4	 $	

0.3	 $	

(0.9)	 $	

(0.1)	 $	

—	 $	

4.7	 $	

3.9	 $	

4.7	 $	

152	

344	

100	

308	

363	

173	

143	

173	

4.9 $	

4.3 $	

4.9 $	

828	

788	

827	

As	of	December	31,	2022,	there	was	$19	million	of	total	unrecognized	compensation	cost	related	to	non-vested	Options.		The	cost	is	
expected	to	be	recognized	over	a	weighted-average	period	of	1.7	years.

100					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Restricted	Stock	Units		

For	RSUs	granted	on	or	after	March	1,	2022,	the	awards	generally	vest	ratably	over	three	years.		For	RSUs	granted	on	or	after	March	
1,	2020	but	before	March	1,	2022,	the	awards	generally	vest	ratably	over	four	years.		A	participant’s	unvested	awards	are	forfeited	
upon	 termination	 of	 employment.	 	 In	 the	 event	 of	 termination	 due	 to	 job	 elimination	 (as	 defined	 by	 the	 Company),	 however,	 a	
participant	 will	 retain	 a	 pro-rata	 portion	 of	 the	 unvested	 awards	 for	 services	 performed	 through	 the	 date	 of	 termination.	 	 In	 the	
event	a	participant	terminates	employment	due	to	disability	or	retirement	more	than	seven	months	after	receiving	the	award,	the	
participant	 retains	 all	 of	 their	 awards	 without	 providing	 additional	 service	 to	 the	 Company.	 	 Compensation	 expense	 is	 recognized	
over	the	shorter	of	the	vesting	periods	stated	in	the	LTIP	or	the	date	the	individual	becomes	eligible	to	retire	but	not	less	than	seven	
months.

The	following	table	summarizes	the	Company’s	RSU	activity	for	the	year	ended	December	31,	2022:

Outstanding	at	January	1,	2022

Granted

Converted

Forfeited

Outstanding	at	December	31,	2022

RSUs	expected	to	vest	at	December	31,	2022

Weighted-
Average	
Grant-Date	
Fair	Value

Aggregate	
Intrinsic	
Value

(in	millions)

Units

(in	millions)

2.2	 $	

1.0	 $	

(1.2)	 $	

(0.2)	 $	

291	

340	

258	

332	

1.8	 $	

335	 $	

641	

1.8	 $	

335	 $	

615	

The	fair	value	of	each	RSU	is	the	closing	stock	price	on	the	New	York	Stock	Exchange	of	the	Company’s	Class	A	common	stock	on	the	
date	 of	 grant,	 adjusted	 for	 the	 exclusion	 of	 dividend	 equivalents.	 	 Upon	 vesting,	 a	 portion	 of	 the	 RSU	 award	 may	 be	 withheld	 to	
satisfy	the	minimum	statutory	withholding	taxes.		The	remaining	RSUs	will	be	settled	in	shares	of	the	Company’s	Class	A	common	
stock	after	the	vesting	period.		As	of	December	31,	2022,	there	was	$334	million	of	total	unrecognized	compensation	cost	related	to	
non-vested	RSUs.		The	cost	is	expected	to	be	recognized	over	a	weighted-average	period	of	2.0	years.

Performance	Stock	Units

PSUs	 vest	 after	 three	 years	 and	 are	 subject	 to	 a	 mandatory	 one-year	 post-vest	 hold,	 during	 which	 they	 are	 eligible	 for	 dividend	
equivalents.		A	participant’s	unvested	awards	are	forfeited	upon	termination	of	employment.		In	the	event	of	termination	due	to	job	
elimination	(as	defined	by	the	Company),	however,	a	participant	will	retain	a	pro-rata	portion	of	the	unvested	awards	for	services	
performed	through	the	date	of	termination.		In	the	event	a	participant	terminates	employment	due	to	disability	or	retirement	more	
than	seven	months	after	receiving	the	award,	the	participant	retains	all	of	their	awards	without	providing	additional	service	to	the	
Company.

The	following	table	summarizes	the	Company’s	PSU	activity	for	the	year	ended	December	31,	2022:

Outstanding	at	January	1,	2022

Granted

Converted

Other

Outstanding	at	December	31,	2022

PSUs	expected	to	vest	at	December	31,	2022

Weighted-
Average	
Grant-Date	
Fair	Value

Aggregate	
Intrinsic	
Value

(in	millions)

Units

(in	millions)

0.4	 $	

0.2	 $	

—	 $	

(0.2)	 $	

334	

335	

—	

291	

0.4	 $	

352	 $	

128	

0.4	 $	

352	 $	

128	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					101

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Since	2013,	PSUs	containing	performance	and	market	conditions	have	been	issued.		Performance	measures	used	to	determine	the	
actual	number	of	shares	that	vest	after	three	years	include	net	revenue	growth,	EPS	growth	and	relative	total	shareholder	return	
(“TSR”).		Relative	TSR	is	considered	a	market	condition,	while	net	revenue	and	EPS	growth	are	considered	performance	conditions.		
The	Monte	Carlo	simulation	valuation	model	is	used	to	determine	the	grant-date	fair	value.		

Compensation	expense	for	PSUs	is	recognized	over	the	requisite	service	period,	or	the	date	the	individual	becomes	eligible	to	retire	
but	 not	 less	 than	 seven	 months,	 if	 it	 is	 probable	 that	 the	 performance	 target	 will	 be	 achieved	 and	 subsequently	 adjusted	 if	 the	
probability	assessment	changes.		During	the	year	ended	December	31,	2020,	performance	targets	related	to	PSU	awards	granted	in	
2018	(“2018	PSU	Awards”)	were	adjusted	to	exclude	certain	pandemic-related	financial	impacts	deemed	outside	of	the	Company’s	
control.		The	adjustment	during	the	year	ended	December	31,	2020	required	the	Company	to	apply	modification	accounting	to	the	
2018	PSU	Awards	which	had	an	immaterial	impact	on	compensation	expense.		As	of	December	31,	2022,	there	was	$29	million	of	
total	unrecognized	compensation	cost	related	to	non-vested	PSUs.		The	cost	is	expected	to	be	recognized	over	a	weighted-average	
period	of	1.7	years.

Additional	Information

The	following	table	includes	additional	share-based	payment	information	for	each	of	the	years	ended	December	31:	

Share-based	compensation	expense:	Options,	RSUs	and	PSUs

$	

295	 $	

273	 $	

254	

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions,	except	weighted-
average	fair	value)

Income	tax	benefit	recognized	for	equity	awards

Income	tax	benefit	realized	related	to	Options	exercised

Options:

Total	intrinsic	value	of	Options	exercised

RSUs:

Weighted-average	grant-date	fair	value	of	awards	granted	

Total	intrinsic	value	of	RSUs	converted	into	shares	of	Class	A	common	stock

PSUs:

Weighted-average	grant-date	fair	value	of	awards	granted

Total	intrinsic	value	of	PSUs	converted	into	shares	of	Class	A	common	stock

61	

49	

57	

36	

53	

68	

231	

169	

317	

340	

420	

335	

—	

358	

360	

385	

32	

288	

330	

291	

92	

Note	19.	Commitments	

At	December	31,	2022,	the	Company	had	the	following	future	minimum	payments	due	under	noncancelable	agreements,	primarily	
related	 to	 sponsorships	 to	 promote	 the	 Mastercard	 brand	 and	 licensing	 arrangements.	 	 The	 Company	 has	 accrued	$12	 million	 of	
these	future	payments	as	of	December	31,	2022.

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Total

102					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

(in	millions)

$	

428	

317	

222	

106	

85	

47	

$	

1,205	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
			
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	20.	Income	Taxes	

Components	of	Income	and	Income	Tax	Expense	

The	domestic	and	foreign	components	of	income	before	income	taxes	for	the	years	ended	December	31	are	as	follows:

United	States

Foreign

Income	before	income	taxes

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	

4,228	 $	

4,261	 $	

3,304	

7,504	

6,046	

4,456	

$	 11,732	 $	 10,307	 $	

7,760	

The	total	income	tax	provision	for	the	years	ended	December	31	is	comprised	of	the	following	components:

Current

Federal
State	and	local
Foreign

Deferred

Federal
State	and	local
Foreign

Income	tax	expense

Effective	Income	Tax	Rate

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	

1,024	 $	
133	
1,296	
2,453	

663	 $	

51	
976	
1,690	

439	
56	
781	
1,276	

(661)	
(40)	
50	
(651)	

(31)	
(4)	
(35)	
(70)	

106	
9	
(42)	
73	

$	

1,802	 $	

1,620	 $	

1,349	

A	reconciliation	of	the	effective	income	tax	rate	to	the	U.S.	federal	statutory	income	tax	rate	for	the	years	ended	December	31,	is	as	
follows:

2022

2021

2020

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

($	in	millions)

Income	before	income	taxes

$	 11,732	

$	 10,307	

$	

7,760	

Federal	statutory	tax

2,464	

	21.0	% 	

2,164	

	21.0	% 	

1,630	

State	tax	effect,	net	of	federal	benefit

Foreign	tax	effect

Valuation	allowance	-	U.S.	foreign	tax	credit

U.S.	tax	expense	on	foreign	operations

Foreign-derived	intangible	income	deduction
U.S.	tax	benefits	1

Windfall	benefit

Other,	net

Income	tax	expense

Note:	Table	may	not	sum	due	to	rounding.

72	

(347)	

(333)	

111	

(129)	

—	

(68)	

32	

	0.6	% 	

60	

	0.6	% 	

57	

	(3.0)	% 	

(283)	

	(2.7)	% 	

(193)	

	(2.8)	% 	

	0.9	% 	

	(1.1)	% 	

	—	% 	

	(0.6)	% 	

	0.3	% 	

—	

63	

(69)	

(132)	

(67)	

(116)	

	—	% 	

	0.6	% 	

	(0.7)	% 	

	(1.3)	% 	

	(0.7)	% 	

	(1.1)	% 	

—	

47	

(46)	

—	

(119)	

(27)	

	21.0	%

	0.7	%

	(2.5)	%

	—	%

	0.6	%

	(0.6)	%

	—	%

	(1.5)	%

	(0.3)	%

$	

1,802	

	15.4	% $	

1,620	

	15.7	% $	

1,349	

	17.4	%

The	effective	income	tax	rates	for	the	years	ended	December	31,	2022,	2021	and	2020	were	15.4%,	15.7%	and	17.4%,	respectively.		
The	effective	income	tax	rate	for	2022	was	lower	than	the	effective	income	tax	rate	for	2021,	primarily	due	to	a	discrete	tax	benefit	
in	 the	 first	 quarter	 of	 2022	 related	 to	 final	 U.S.	 tax	 regulations	 published	 in	 the	 current	 year.	 	 These	 regulations	 resulted	 in	 a	
valuation	 allowance	 release	 of	 $333	 million	 associated	 with	 the	 U.S.	 foreign	 tax	 credit	 carryforward	 deferred	 tax	 asset.	 	 The	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					103

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

regulations	 limit	 the	 Company’s	 ability	 to	 generate	 foreign	 tax	 credits	 starting	 in	 2022	 for	 certain	 foreign	 taxes	 paid,	 resulting	 in	
additional	U.S.	tax	expense.		Additionally,	a	more	favorable	geographic	mix	of	earnings	in	2022	contributed	to	the	lower	effective	tax	
rate.		The	lower	effective	income	tax	rate	in	2022	was	partially	offset	by:	

•

•

the	 recognition	 of	 U.S.	 tax	 benefits	 in	 2021	 (the	 majority	 of	 which	 were	 discrete)	 resulting	 from	 a	 higher	 foreign	 derived	
intangible	income	deduction	and	greater	utilization	of	foreign	tax	credits	in	the	U.S.		

a	 discrete	 tax	 benefit	 in	 2021	 related	 to	 the	 remeasurement	 of	 the	 Company’s	 net	 deferred	 tax	 asset	 in	 the	 U.K.	 due	 to	 an	
enacted	tax	rate	change	in	2021

•

a	discrete	tax	expense	related	to	an	unfavorable	court	ruling	in	2022

The	effective	income	tax	rate	for	2021	was	lower	than	the	effective	income	tax	rate	for	2020,	primarily	due	to	the	recognition	of	U.S.	
tax	benefits	(the	majority	of	which	were	discrete)	resulting	from	a	higher	foreign	derived	intangible	income	deduction	and	greater	
utilization	 of	 foreign	 tax	 credits	 in	 the	 U.S.	 	 In	 addition,	 a	 more	 favorable	 geographic	 mix	 of	 earnings	 in	 2021	 contributed	 to	 the	
Company’s	 lower	 effective	 tax	 rate.	 	 These	 benefits	 were	 partially	 offset	 by	 a	 lower	 discrete	 tax	 benefit	 related	 to	 share-based	
payments	in	2021.	

Singapore	Income	Tax	Rate	

In	 connection	 with	 the	 expansion	 of	 the	 Company’s	 operations	 in	 the	 Asia	 Pacific,	 Middle	 East	 and	 Africa	 region,	 the	 Company’s	
subsidiary	 in	 Singapore,	 Mastercard	 Asia	 Pacific	 Pte.	 Ltd.	 (“MAPPL”)	 received	 an	 incentive	 grant	 from	 the	 Singapore	 Ministry	 of	
Finance	in	2010.		The	incentive	had	provided	MAPPL	with,	among	other	benefits,	a	reduced	income	tax	rate	for	the	10-year	period	
commencing	 January	 1,	 2010	 on	 taxable	 income	 in	 excess	 of	 a	 base	 amount.	 	 The	 Company	 continued	 to	 explore	 business	
opportunities	in	this	region,	resulting	in	an	expansion	of	the	incentives	being	granted	by	the	Ministry	of	Finance,	including	a	further	
reduction	 to	 the	 income	 tax	 rate	 on	 taxable	 income	 in	 excess	 of	 a	 revised	 fixed	 base	 amount	 commencing	 July	 1,	 2011	 and	
continuing	through	December	31,	2025.		Without	the	incentive	grant,	MAPPL	would	have	been	subject	to	the	statutory	income	tax	
rate	on	its	earnings.		For	2022,	2021	and	2020,	the	impact	of	the	incentive	grant	received	from	the	Ministry	of	Finance	resulted	in	a	
reduction	of	MAPPL’s	income	tax	liability	of	$454	million,	or	$0.47	per	diluted	share,	$300	million,	or	$0.30	per	diluted	share,	and	
$260	million,	or	$0.26	per	diluted	share,	respectively.

Indefinite	Reinvestment	

As	 of	 December	 31,	 2022	 the	 Company	 does	 not	 accrue	 taxes	 on	 $1.6	 billion	 of	 foreign	 earnings	 which	 remain	 permanently	
reinvested	 outside	 the	 U.S.	 	 The	 Company	 expects	 that	 taxes	 associated	 with	 any	 future	 repatriation	 of	 these	 earnings	 are	
immaterial.	

104					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Deferred	Taxes

Deferred	tax	assets	and	liabilities	represent	the	expected	future	tax	consequences	of	temporary	differences	between	the	carrying	
amounts	 and	 the	 tax	 basis	 of	 assets	 and	 liabilities.	 	 The	 components	 of	 deferred	 tax	 assets	 and	 liabilities	 at	 December	 31	 are	 as	
follows:

Deferred	Tax	Assets

Accrued	liabilities

Compensation	and	benefits

State	taxes	and	other	credits

Net	operating	losses

U.S.	foreign	tax	credits

Property,	plant	and	equipment

Intangible	assets

Other	items

Less:	Valuation	allowance

Total	Deferred	Tax	Assets

Deferred	Tax	Liabilities

Prepaid	expenses	and	other	accruals

Gains	on	equity	investments

Goodwill	and	intangible	assets

Property,	plant	and	equipment

Other	items

Total	Deferred	Tax	Liabilities

Net	Deferred	Tax	Assets	

2022

2021

(in	millions)

$	

697	 $	

316	

43	

156	

274	

52	

186	

162	

497	

260	

40	

136	

333	

—	

206	

161	

(114)	

1,772	

(415)	

1,218	

186	

132	

561	

—	

135	

114	

153	

571	

174	

115	

1,014	

1,127	

$	

758	 $	

91	

The	valuation	allowance	balance	at	December	31,	2022	primarily	related	to	the	Company’s	ability	to	recognize	future	tax	benefits	
associated	 with	 certain	 foreign	 losses.	 	 The	 recognition	 of	 the	 foreign	 losses	 is	 dependent	 on	 the	 timing	 and	 character	 of	 future	
taxable	 income	 in	 the	 applicable	 jurisdictions.	 	 The	 valuation	 allowance	 balance	 at	 December	 31,	 2021	 primarily	 related	 to	 the	
Company’s	ability	to	recognize	future	tax	benefits	associated	with	the	carry	forward	of	U.S.	foreign	tax	credits	and	certain	foreign	
losses.		The	valuation	allowance	associated	with	the	carryforward	of	U.S.	foreign	tax	credits	was	released	in	2022	as	a	result	of	the	
publication	of	final	U.S.	tax	regulations.		The	regulations	limit	the	Company’s	ability	to	generate	foreign	tax	credits	for	certain	taxes	
paid	beginning	in	2022,	but	have	the	effect	of	allowing	the	Company	to	utilize	its	foreign	tax	credit	carryforwards.

As	of	December	31,	2022,	the	Company	had	foreign	tax	credit	and	tax	effected	net	operating	loss	carryforwards	of	$274	million	and	
$156	million,	respectively.		The	foreign	tax	credits	begin	to	expire	in	2029	and	the	majority	of	the	net	operating	losses	can	be	carried	
forward	indefinitely.	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					105

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

A	reconciliation	of	the	beginning	and	ending	balance	for	the	Company’s	unrecognized	tax	benefits	for	the	years	ended	December	31,	
is	as	follows:

Beginning	balance

Additions:

Current	year	tax	positions
Prior	year	tax	positions1

Reductions:

Prior	year	tax	positions1

Settlements	with	tax	authorities

Expired	statute	of	limitations

Ending	balance
1

Includes	immaterial	translational	impact	of	currency.

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

$	

360	 $	

388	 $	

203	

22	

65	

(14)	

(13)	

(6)	

17	

4	

(31)	

(15)	

(3)	

19	

192	

(10)	

(12)	

(4)	

$	

414	 $	

360	 $	

388	

As	of	December	31,	2022,	the	amount	of	unrecognized	tax	benefit	was	$414	million.		This	amount,	if	recognized,	would	reduce	the	
effective	income	tax	rate	by	$362	million.		The	Company’s	unrecognized	tax	benefits	increased	in	2020	primarily	due	to	a	prior	year	
tax	issue	resulting	from	a	refund	claim	filed	in	2020.

The	Company	is	subject	to	tax	in	the	U.S.,	Belgium,	Singapore,	the	United	Kingdom	and	various	other	foreign	jurisdictions,	as	well	as	
state	and	local	jurisdictions.		Uncertain	tax	positions	are	reviewed	on	an	ongoing	basis	and	are	adjusted	after	considering	facts	and	
circumstances,	 including	 progress	 of	 tax	 audits,	 developments	 in	 case	 law	 and	 closing	 of	 statutes	 of	 limitation.	 	 Within	 the	 next	
twelve	months,	the	Company	believes	that	the	resolution	of	certain	federal,	foreign	and	state	and	local	examinations	is	reasonably	
possible	and	that	a	change	in	estimate,	reducing	unrecognized	tax	benefits,	may	occur.		While	such	a	change	may	be	significant,	it	is	
not	possible	to	provide	a	range	of	the	potential	change	until	the	examinations	progress	further	or	the	related	statutes	of	limitation	
expire.	 	 The	 Company	 has	 effectively	 settled	 its	 U.S.	 federal	 income	 tax	 obligations	 through	 2014.	 	 With	 limited	 exception,	 the	
Company	is	no	longer	subject	to	state	and	local	or	foreign	examinations	by	tax	authorities	for	years	before	2011.

Note	21.	Legal	and	Regulatory	Proceedings	

Mastercard	is	a	party	 to	 legal	and	regulatory	proceedings	 with	 respect	to	a	variety	of	matters	in	the	ordinary	course	of	business.		
Some	 of	 these	 proceedings	 are	 based	 on	 complex	 claims	 involving	 substantial	 uncertainties	 and	 unascertainable	 damages.		
Accordingly,	except	as	discussed	below,	it	is	not	possible	to	determine	the	probability	of	loss	or	estimate	damages,	and	therefore,	
Mastercard	has	not	established	reserves	for	any	of	these	proceedings.		When	the	Company	determines	that	a	loss	is	both	probable	
and	reasonably	estimable,	Mastercard	records	a	liability	and	discloses	the	amount	of	the	liability	if	it	is	material.		When	a	material	
loss	contingency	is	only	reasonably	possible,	Mastercard	does	not	record	a	liability,	but	instead	discloses	the	nature	and	the	amount	
of	 the	 claim,	 and	 an	 estimate	 of	 the	 loss	 or	 range	 of	 loss,	 if	 such	 an	 estimate	 can	 be	 made.	 	 Unless	 otherwise	 stated	 below	 with	
respect	to	these	matters,	Mastercard	cannot	provide	an	estimate	of	the	possible	loss	or	range	of	loss	based	on	one	or	more	of	the	
following	 reasons:	 (1)	 actual	 or	 potential	 plaintiffs	 have	 not	 claimed	 an	 amount	 of	 monetary	 damages	 or	 the	 amounts	 are	
unsupportable	or	exaggerated,	(2)	the	matters	are	in	early	stages,	(3)	there	is	uncertainty	as	to	the	outcome	of	pending	appeals	or	
motions,	(4)	there	are	significant	factual	issues	to	be	resolved,	(5)	the	existence	in	many	such	proceedings	of	multiple	defendants	or	
potential	defendants	whose	share	of	any	potential	financial	responsibility	has	yet	to	be	determined	and/or	(6)	there	are	novel	legal	
issues	 presented.	 	 Furthermore,	 except	 as	 identified	 with	 respect	 to	 the	 matters	 below,	 Mastercard	 does	 not	 believe	 that	 the	
outcome	 of	 any	 individual	 existing	 legal	 or	 regulatory	 proceeding	 to	 which	 it	 is	 a	 party	 will	 have	 a	 material	 adverse	 effect	 on	 its	
results	of	operations,	financial	condition	and	overall	business.		However,	an	adverse	judgment	or	other	outcome	or	settlement	with	
respect	 to	 any	 proceedings	 discussed	 below	 could	 result	 in	 fines	 or	 payments	 by	 Mastercard	 and/or	 could	 require	 Mastercard	 to	
change	its	business	practices.		In	addition,	an	adverse	outcome	in	a	regulatory	proceeding	could	lead	to	the	filing	of	civil	damage	
claims	and	possibly	result	in	significant	damage	awards.		Any	of	these	events	could	have	a	material	adverse	effect	on	Mastercard’s	
results	of	operations,	financial	condition	and	overall	business.

Interchange	Litigation	and	Regulatory	Proceedings	

Mastercard’s	 interchange	 fees	 and	 other	 practices	 are	 subject	 to	 regulatory,	 legal	 review	 and/or	 challenges	 in	 a	 number	 of	
jurisdictions,	including	the	proceedings	described	below.		When	taken	as	a	whole,	the	resulting	decisions,	regulations	and	legislation	
with	respect	to	interchange	fees	and	acceptance	practices	may	have	a	material	adverse	effect	on	the	Company’s	prospects	for	future	
growth	and	its	overall	results	of	operations,	financial	position	and	cash	flows.

106					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

United	States.		In	June	2005,	the	first	of	a	series	of	complaints	were	filed	on	behalf	of	merchants	(the	majority	of	the	complaints	
were	 styled	 as	 class	 actions,	 although	 a	 few	 complaints	 were	 filed	 on	 behalf	 of	 individual	 merchant	 plaintiffs)	 against	 Mastercard	
International,	 Visa	 U.S.A.,	 Inc.,	 Visa	 International	 Service	 Association	 and	 a	 number	 of	 financial	 institutions.	 	 Taken	 together,	 the	
claims	in	the	complaints	were	generally	brought	under	both	Sections	1	and	2	of	the	Sherman	Act,	which	prohibit	monopolization	and	
attempts	or	conspiracies	to	monopolize	a	particular	industry,	and	some	of	these	complaints	contain	unfair	competition	law	claims	
under	state	law.		The	complaints	allege,	among	other	things,	that	Mastercard,	Visa,	and	certain	financial	institutions	conspired	to	set	
the	price	of	interchange	fees,	enacted	point	of	sale	acceptance	rules	(including	the	no	surcharge	rule)	in	violation	of	antitrust	laws	
and	engaged	in	unlawful	tying	and	bundling	of	certain	products	and	services,	resulting	in	merchants	paying	excessive	costs	for	the	
acceptance	of	Mastercard	and	Visa	credit	and	debit	cards.		The	cases	were	consolidated	for	pre-trial	proceedings	in	the	U.S.	District	
Court	for	the	Eastern	District	of	New	York	in	MDL	No.	1720.		The	plaintiffs	filed	a	consolidated	class	action	complaint	seeking	treble	
damages.

In	July	2006,	the	group	of	purported	merchant	class	plaintiffs	filed	a	supplemental	complaint	alleging	that	Mastercard’s	initial	public	
offering	of	its	Class	A	Common	Stock	in	May	2006	(the	“IPO”)	and	certain	purported	agreements	entered	into	between	Mastercard	
and	 financial	 institutions	 in	 connection	 with	 the	 IPO:	 (1)	 violate	 U.S.	 antitrust	 laws	 and	 (2)	 constituted	 a	 fraudulent	 conveyance	
because	the	financial	institutions	allegedly	attempted	to	release,	without	adequate	consideration,	Mastercard’s	right	to	assess	them	
for	Mastercard’s	litigation	liabilities.		The	class	plaintiffs	sought	treble	damages	and	injunctive	relief	including,	but	not	limited	to,	an	
order	reversing	and	unwinding	the	IPO.

In	February	2011,	Mastercard	and	Mastercard	International	entered	into	each	of:	(1)	an	omnibus	judgment	sharing	and	settlement	
sharing	agreement	with	Visa	Inc.,	Visa	U.S.A.	Inc.	and	Visa	International	Service	Association	and	a	number	of	financial	institutions;	
and	(2)	a	Mastercard	settlement	and	judgment	sharing	agreement	with	a	number	of	financial	institutions.		The	agreements	provide	
for	 the	 apportionment	 of	 certain	 costs	 and	 liabilities	 which	 Mastercard,	 the	 Visa	 parties	 and	 the	 financial	 institutions	 may	 incur,	
jointly	and/or	severally,	in	the	event	of	an	adverse	judgment	or	settlement	of	one	or	all	of	the	merchant	litigation	cases.		Among	a	
number	 of	 scenarios	 addressed	 by	 the	 agreements,	 in	 the	 event	 of	 a	 global	 settlement	 involving	 the	 Visa	 parties,	 the	 financial	
institutions	and	Mastercard,	Mastercard	would	pay	12%	of	the	monetary	portion	of	the	settlement.		In	the	event	of	a	settlement	
involving	only	Mastercard	and	the	financial	institutions	with	respect	to	their	issuance	of	Mastercard	cards,	Mastercard	would	pay	
36%	of	the	monetary	portion	of	such	settlement.	

In	October	2012,	the	parties	entered	into	a	definitive	settlement	agreement	with	respect	to	the	merchant	class	litigation	(including	
with	respect	to	the	claims	related	to	the	IPO)	and	the	defendants	separately	entered	into	a	settlement	agreement	with	the	individual	
merchant	 plaintiffs.	 	 The	 settlements	 included	 cash	 payments	 that	 were	 apportioned	 among	 the	 defendants	 pursuant	 to	 the	
omnibus	judgment	sharing	and	settlement	sharing	agreement	described	above.		Mastercard	also	agreed	to	provide	class	members	
with	 a	 short-term	 reduction	 in	 default	 credit	 interchange	 rates	 and	 to	 modify	 certain	 of	 its	 business	 practices,	 including	 its	 “no	
surcharge”	rule.		The	court	granted	final	approval	of	the	settlement	in	December	2013,	and	objectors	to	the	settlement	appealed	
that	 decision	 to	 the	 U.S.	 Court	 of	 Appeals	 for	 the	 Second	 Circuit.	 	 In	 June	 2016,	 the	 court	 of	 appeals	 vacated	 the	 class	 action	
certification,	 reversed	 the	 settlement	 approval	 and	 sent	 the	 case	 back	 to	 the	 district	 court	 for	 further	 proceedings.	 	 The	 court	 of	
appeals’	 ruling	 was	 based	 primarily	 on	 whether	 the	 merchants	 were	 adequately	 represented	 by	 counsel	 in	 the	 settlement.	 	 As	 a	
result	of	the	appellate	court	ruling,	the	district	court	divided	the	merchants’	claims	into	two	separate	classes	-	monetary	damages	
claims	 (the	 “Damages	 Class”)	 and	 claims	 seeking	 changes	 to	 business	 practices	 (the	 “Rules	 Relief	 Class”).	 	 The	 court	 appointed	
separate	counsel	for	each	class.		

In	September	2018,	the	parties	to	the	Damages	Class	litigation	entered	into	a	class	settlement	agreement	to	resolve	the	Damages	
Class	claims.		The	time	period	during	which	Damages	Class	members	were	permitted	to	opt	out	of	the	class	settlement	agreement	
ended	in	July	2019	with	merchants	representing	slightly	more	than	25%	of	the	Damages	Class	interchange	volume	choosing	to	opt	
out	of	the	settlement.		The	district	court	granted	final	approval	of	the	settlement	in	December	2019.		The	district	court’s	settlement	
approval	 order	 has	 been	 appealed	 and	 oral	 argument	 on	 the	 appeal	 was	 heard	 in	 March	 2022.	 	 Mastercard	 has	 commenced	
settlement	 negotiations	 with	 a	 number	 of	 the	 opt-out	 merchants	 and	 has	 reached	 settlements	 and/or	 agreements	 in	 principle	 to	
settle	a	number	of	these	claims.		The	Damages	Class	settlement	agreement	does	not	relate	to	the	Rules	Relief	Class	claims.		Separate	
settlement	negotiations	with	the	Rules	Relief	Class	are	ongoing.		Briefing	on	summary	judgment	motions	in	the	Rules	Relief	Class	and	
opt-out	merchant	cases	was	completed	in	December	2020.		In	September	2021,	the	district	court	granted	the	Rules	Relief	Class’s	
motion	for	class	certification.

As	of	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	Mastercard	had	accrued	a	liability	of	$894	million	and	$783	million,	respectively,	as	a	reserve	for	
both	the	Damages	Class	litigation	and	the	opt-out	merchant	cases.		During	2022,	Mastercard	recorded	an	additional	accrual	of	$133	
million	as	a	result	of	a	change	in	estimate	with	respect	to	the	claims	of	merchants	who	opted	out	of	the	Damages	Class	litigation.		As	
of	 December	 31,	 2022	 and	 2021,	 Mastercard	 had	 $589	 million	 and	 $586	 million,	 respectively,	 in	 a	 qualified	 cash	 settlement	 fund	
related	 to	 the	 Damages	 Class	 litigation	 and	 classified	 as	 restricted	 cash	 on	 its	 consolidated	 balance	 sheet.	 	 The	 reserve	 as	 of	
December	31,	2022	for	both	the	Damages	Class	litigation	and	the	opt-out	merchants	represents	Mastercard’s	best	estimate	of	its	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					107

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

probable	liabilities	in	these	matters.		The	portion	of	the	accrued	liability	relating	to	both	the	opt-out	merchants	and	the	Damages	
Class	 litigation	 settlement	 does	 not	 represent	 an	 estimate	 of	 a	 loss,	 if	 any,	 if	 the	 matters	 were	 litigated	 to	 a	 final	 outcome.		
Mastercard	cannot	estimate	the	potential	liability	if	that	were	to	occur.

Europe.	Since	May	2012,	a	number	of	United	Kingdom	(“U.K.”)	merchants	filed	claims	or	threatened	litigation	against	Mastercard	
seeking	damages	for	excessive	costs	paid	for	acceptance	of	Mastercard	credit	and	debit	cards	arising	out	of	alleged	anti-competitive	
conduct	 with	 respect	 to,	 among	 other	 things,	 Mastercard’s	 cross-border	 interchange	 fees	 and	 its	 U.K.	 and	 Ireland	 domestic	
interchange	 fees	 (the	 “U.K.	 Merchant	 claimants”).	 	 In	 addition,	 Mastercard,	 has	 faced	 similar	 filed	 or	 threatened	 litigation	 by	
merchants	with	respect	to	interchange	rates	in	other	countries	in	Europe	(the	“Pan-European	Merchant	claimants”).		Mastercard	has	
resolved	a	substantial	amount	of	these	damages	claims	through	settlement	or	judgment.		During	2022,	Mastercard	incurred	charges	
of	$223	million	as	a	result	of	settlements	(both	final	and	agreements	in	principle)	with	a	number	of	U.K.	merchants.		During	2021	and	
2020,	 Mastercard	 incurred	 charges	 of	 $94	 million	 and	 $28	 million,	 respectively,	 to	 reflect	 both	 the	 litigation	 settlements	 and	
estimated	attorneys’	fees	with	a	number	of	U.K.	and	Pan-European	merchants.		Following	these	settlements,	an	amount	in	excess	of	
£0.6	billion	(approximately	$0.7	billion	as	of	December	31,	2022)	of	unresolved	damages	claims	remain.

In	January	2017,	Mastercard	received	a	liability	judgment	in	its	favor	on	all	significant	matters	in	a	separate	action	brought	by	ten	of	
the	U.K.	Merchant	claimants.		Three	of	the	U.K.	Merchant	claimants	appealed	the	judgment,	and	these	appeals	were	combined	with	
Mastercard’s	appeal	of	a	2016	judgment	in	favor	of	one	U.K.	merchant.		In	July	2018,	the	U.K.	appellate	court	heard	the	appeals	of	
the	 four	 merchant	 claimants	 and	 ruled	 against	 both	 Mastercard	 and	 Visa	 on	two	 of	 the	 three	 legal	 issues	 being	 considered.	 	 The	
parties	appealed	the	rulings	to	the	U.K.	Supreme	Court.		In	June	2020,	the	U.K.	Supreme	Court	ruled	against	Mastercard	and	Visa	
with	respect	to	one	of	the	liability	issues	being	considered	by	the	Court	related	to	U.K	domestic	interchange	fees.		Additionally,	the	
U.K.	 Supreme	 Court	 set	 out	 the	 legal	 standard	 that	 should	 be	 applied	 by	 lower	 trial	 courts	 with	 respect	 to	 determining	 whether	
interchange	 was	 exemptible	 under	 applicable	 law,	 and	 provided	 guidance	 to	 lower	 courts	 with	 regard	 to	 the	 legal	 standard	 that	
should	be	applied	in	assessing	merchants’	damages	claims.		The	U.K.	Supreme	Court	sent	three	of	the	merchant	cases	back	to	the	
trial	court	solely	for	the	purpose	of	determining	damages	issues.		Mastercard	subsequently	reached	settlement	agreements	with	all	
four	merchants.

Mastercard	continues	to	litigate	with	the	remaining	U.K.	and	Pan-European	Merchant	claimants	and	it	has	submitted	statements	of	
defense	disputing	liability	and	damages	claims.		A	number	of	those	matters	are	now	progressing	with	motion	practice	and	discovery.		
In	one	of	the	actions	involving	multiple	merchant	plaintiff	claims,	the	U.K.	trial	court	in	November	2021	denied	the	plaintiffs’	motion	
for	summary	judgment	on	certain	liability	issues.		In	October	2022,	the	appellate	court	rejected	the	plaintiffs’	appeal.		In	a	separate	
matter	 filed	 in	 Belgium	 involving	 multiple	 merchants	 from	 the	 Czech	 Republic	 and	 Slovakia,	 the	 trial	 court	 held	 a	 hearing	 in	 June	
2022	on	liability	issues,	and	the	decision	is	pending.	

During	the	third	quarter	of	2022,	Mastercard	and	Visa	were	served	with	a	proposed	collective	action	complaint	in	the	U.K.	on	behalf	
of	merchants	seeking	damages	for	commercial	card	transactions	and	inter-regional	consumer	card	transactions	in	both	the	U.K.	and	
the	 European	 Union.	 	 The	 plaintiffs	 have	 claimed	 damages	 against	 Mastercard	 of	 approximately	 £0.5	 billion	 (approximately	 $0.6	
billion	as	of	December	31,	2022).		The	court	has	scheduled	a	hearing	on	the	plaintiffs’	collective	action	application	for	April	2023.		

In	September	2016,	a	proposed	collective	action	was	filed	in	the	United	Kingdom	on	behalf	of	U.K.	consumers	seeking	damages	for	
intra-EEA	and	domestic	U.K.	interchange	fees	that	were	allegedly	passed	on	to	consumers	by	merchants	between	1992	and	2008.		
The	complaint,	which	seeks	to	leverage	the	European	Commission’s	2007	decision	on	intra-EEA	interchange	fees,	claims	damages	in	
an	amount	that	exceeds	£14	billion	(approximately	$17	billion	as	of	December	31,	2022).		Following	various	hearings	since	July	2017	
regarding	collective	action	and	scope,	in	August	2021,	the	trial	court	issued	a	decision	in	which	it	granted	class	certification	to	the	
plaintiffs	but	narrowed	the	scope	of	the	class.		In	January	2023,	the	trial	court	held	a	hearing	on	Mastercard’s	request	to	narrow	the	
number	of	years	of	damages	sought	by	the	plaintiffs	on	statute	of	limitations	grounds.		The	trial	court	has	scheduled	an	additional	
hearing	for	July	2023	regarding	Mastercard’s	request	to	preclude	the	plaintiffs	from	seeking	damages	with	respect	to	U.K.	domestic	
interchange	fees.		

Mastercard	 has	 been	 named	 as	 a	 defendant	 in	 a	 proposed	 consumer	 collective	 action	 filed	 in	 Portugal	 on	 behalf	 of	 Portuguese	
consumers.		The	complaint,	which	seeks	to	leverage	the	2019	resolution	of	the	European	Commission’s	investigation	of	Mastercard’s	
central	acquiring	rules	and	interregional	interchange	fees,	claims	damages	of	approximately	€0.4	billion	(approximately	$0.4	billion	
as	of	December	31,	2022)		for	interchange	fees	that	were	allegedly	passed	on	to	consumers	by	Portuguese	merchants	for	a	period	of	
approximately	20	years.		Mastercard	has	submitted	a	statement	of	defense	that	disputes	both	liability	and	damages.

Australia.	 	 In	 May	 2022,	 the	 Australian	 Competition	 &	 Consumer	 Commission	 (“ACCC”)	 filed	 a	 complaint	 targeting	 certain	
agreements	entered	into	by	Mastercard	and	certain	Australian	merchants	related	to	Mastercard’s	debit	program.		The	ACCC	alleges	
that	by	entering	into	such	agreements,	Mastercard	engaged	in	conduct	with	the	purpose	of	substantially	lessening	competition	in	
the	supply	of	debit	card	acceptance	services.		The	ACCC	seeks	both	declaratory	relief	and	monetary	fines	and	costs.		

108					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

ATM	Non-Discrimination	Rule	Surcharge	Complaints	

United	 States.	 	 In	 October	 2011,	 a	 trade	 association	 of	 independent	 Automated	 Teller	 Machine	 (“ATM”)	 operators	 and	 13	
independent	ATM	operators	filed	a	complaint	styled	as	a	class	action	lawsuit	in	the	U.S.	District	Court	for	the	District	of	Columbia	
against	both	Mastercard	and	Visa	(the	“ATM	Operators	Complaint”).		Plaintiffs	seek	to	represent	a	class	of	non-bank	operators	of	
ATM	terminals	that	operate	in	the	United	States	with	the	discretion	to	determine	the	price	of	the	ATM	access	fee	for	the	terminals	
they	operate.		Plaintiffs	allege	that	Mastercard	and	Visa	have	violated	Section	1	of	the	Sherman	Act	by	imposing	rules	that	require	
ATM	 operators	 to	 charge	 non-discriminatory	 ATM	 surcharges	 for	 transactions	 processed	 over	 Mastercard’s	 and	 Visa’s	 respective	
networks	that	are	not	greater	than	the	surcharge	for	transactions	over	other	networks	accepted	at	the	same	ATM.		Plaintiffs	seek	
both	injunctive	and	monetary	relief	equal	to	treble	the	damages	they	claim	to	have	sustained	as	a	result	of	the	alleged	violations	and	
their	costs	of	suit,	including	attorneys’	fees.		

Subsequently,	 multiple	 related	 complaints	 were	 filed	 in	 the	 U.S.	 District	 Court	 for	 the	 District	 of	 Columbia	 alleging	 both	 federal	
antitrust	and	multiple	state	unfair	competition,	consumer	protection	and	common	law	claims	against	Mastercard	and	Visa	on	behalf	
of	 putative	 classes	 of	 users	 of	 ATM	 services	 (the	 “ATM	 Consumer	 Complaints”).	 	 The	 claims	 in	 these	 actions	 largely	 mirror	 the	
allegations	made	in	the	ATM	Operators	Complaint,	although	these	complaints	seek	damages	on	behalf	of	consumers	of	ATM	services	
who	pay	allegedly	inflated	ATM	fees	at	both	bank	and	non-bank	ATM	operators	as	a	result	of	the	defendants’	ATM	rules.		Plaintiffs	
seek	 both	 injunctive	 and	 monetary	 relief	 equal	 to	 treble	 the	 damages	 they	 claim	 to	 have	 sustained	 as	 a	 result	 of	 the	 alleged	
violations	and	their	costs	of	suit,	including	attorneys’	fees.	

In	 January	 2012,	 the	 plaintiffs	 in	 the	 ATM	 Operators	 Complaint	 and	 the	 ATM	 Consumer	 Complaints	 filed	 amended	 class	 action	
complaints	that	largely	mirror	their	prior	complaints.		In	September	2019,	the	plaintiffs	filed	with	the	district	court	their	motions	for	
class	certification	in	which	the	plaintiffs,	in	aggregate,	allege	over	$1	billion	in	damages	against	all	of	the	defendants.		In	August	2021,	
the	trial	court	issued	an	order	granting	the	plaintiffs’	request	for	class	certification.		Visa	and	Mastercard	subsequently	appealed	the	
certification	decision	to	the	appellate	court	and	oral	argument	on	the	appeal	was	heard	in	September	2022.

Europe.		Mastercard	has	been	named	as	a	defendant	in	an	action	brought	by	Euronet	360	Finance	Limited,	Euronet	Polska	Spolka	
z.o.o.	and	Euronet	Services	spol.	s.r.o.	(“Euronet”)	alleging	that	certain	rules	affecting	ATM	access	fees	in	Poland,	the	Czech	Republic	
and	 Greece	 by	 Visa	 and	 Mastercard,	 and	 certain	 of	 their	 subsidiaries,	 breach	 various	 competition	 laws.	 	 Euronet	 seeks	 damages,	
costs	and	injunctive	relief	to	prevent	the	defendants	from	enforcing	these	rules.		A	trial	has	been	scheduled	for	October	2023.

U.S.	Liability	Shift	Litigation

In	March	2016,	a	proposed	U.S.	merchant	class	action	complaint	was	filed	in	federal	court	in	California	alleging	that	Mastercard,	Visa,	
American	 Express	 and	 Discover	 (the	 “Network	 Defendants”),	 EMVCo,	 and	 a	 number	 of	 issuing	 banks	 (the	 “Bank	 Defendants”)	
engaged	in	a	conspiracy	to	shift	fraud	liability	for	card	present	transactions	from	issuing	banks	to	merchants	not	yet	in	compliance	
with	the	standards	for	EMV	chip	cards	in	the	United	States	(the	“EMV	Liability	Shift”),	in	violation	of	the	Sherman	Act	and	California	
law.		Plaintiffs	allege	damages	equal	to	the	value	of	all	chargebacks	for	which	class	members	became	liable	as	a	result	of	the	EMV	
Liability	 Shift	 on	 October	 1,	 2015.	 	 The	 plaintiffs	 seek	 treble	 damages,	 attorney’s	 fees	 and	 costs	 and	 an	 injunction	 against	 future	
violations	of	governing	law,	and	the	defendants	filed	a	motion	to	dismiss.		In	September	2016,	the	district	court	denied	the	Network	
Defendants’	motion	to	dismiss	the	complaint,	but	granted	such	a	motion	for	EMVCo	and	the	Bank	Defendants.		In	May	2017,	the	
district	 court	 transferred	 the	 case	 to	 New	 York	 so	 that	 discovery	 could	 be	 coordinated	 with	 the	 U.S.	 merchant	 class	 interchange	
litigation	described	above.		In	August	2020,	the	district	court	issued	an	order	granting	the	plaintiffs’	request	for	class	certification	and	
in	January	2021,	the	Network	Defendants’	request	for	permission	to	appeal	that	decision	was	denied.		The	plaintiffs	have	submitted	
expert	reports	that	allege	aggregate	damages	in	excess	of	$1	billion	against	the	four	Network	Defendants.		The	Network	Defendants	
have	submitted	expert	reports	rebutting	both	liability	and	damages.		Briefing	on	summary	judgment	is	scheduled	to	conclude	in	July	
2023.

Telephone	Consumer	Protection	Class	Action

Mastercard	 is	 a	 defendant	 in	 a	 Telephone	 Consumer	 Protection	 Act	 (“TCPA”)	 class	 action	 pending	 in	 Florida.	 	 The	 plaintiffs	 are	
individuals	and	businesses	who	allege	that	approximately	381,000	unsolicited	faxes	were	sent	to	them	advertising	a	Mastercard	co-
brand	card	issued	by	First	Arkansas	Bank	(“FAB”).		The	TCPA	provides	for	uncapped	statutory	damages	of	$500	per	fax.		Mastercard	
has	 asserted	 various	 defenses	 to	 the	 claims,	 and	 has	 notified	 FAB	 of	 an	 indemnity	 claim	 that	 it	 has	 (which	 FAB	 has	 disputed).	 	 In	
December	2019,	the	Federal	Communications	Commission	(“FCC”)	issued	a	declaratory	ruling	clarifying	that	the	TCPA	does	not	apply	
to	faxes	sent	to	online	fax	services	that	are	received	online	via	email.		In	December	2021,	the	trial	court	granted	plaintiffs’	request	
for	class	certification,	but	narrowed	the	scope	of	the	class	to	stand	alone	fax	recipients	only.		Mastercard’s	request	to	appeal	that	
decision	was	denied.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					109

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

U.S.	Federal	Trade	Commission	Investigation

In	June	2020,	the	U.S.	Federal	Trade	Commission’s	Bureau	of	Competition	(“FTC”)	informed	Mastercard	that	it	has	initiated	a	formal	
investigation	into	compliance	with	the	Durbin	Amendment	to	the	Dodd-Frank	Wall	Street	Reform	and	Consumer	Protection	Act.		In	
particular,	 the	 investigation	 focused	 on	 Mastercard’s	 compliance	 with	 the	 debit	 routing	 provisions	 of	 the	 Durbin	 Amendment.	 	 In	
December	2022,	the	FTC	voted	to	issue	an	administrative	complaint	and	accept	a	consent	agreement	with	Mastercard.		Pursuant	to	
this	agreement,	Mastercard	agreed	to	provide	primary	account	numbers	(PANs)	so	that	merchants	can	route	tokenized	online	debit	
transactions	to	alternative	networks.		The	consent	agreement	does	not	include	any	monetary	penalty.		The	consent	agreement	is	
currently	undergoing	a	comment	period,	after	which	the	FTC	will	decide	whether	to	make	the	proposed	consent	agreement	final.

U.K.	Prepaid	Cards	Matter	

In	2019,	Mastercard	was	informed	by	the	U.K.	Payment	Systems	Regulator	(“PSR”)	that	Mastercard	was	a	target	of	its	investigation	
into	alleged	anti-competitive	conduct	by	public	sector	prepaid	card	program	managers	in	the	U.K.		This	matter	focused	exclusively	on	
historic	behavior.		In	March	2021,	the	PSR	announced	the	resolution	and	settlement	of	this	investigation.		As	part	of	the	resolution,	
Mastercard	agreed	to	pay	a	maximum	fine	of	£32	million.		This	matter	has	no	prospective	impact	on	Mastercard’s	on-going	business.		
In	connection	with	this	matter,	in	the	fourth	quarter	of	2020,	Mastercard	recorded	a	litigation	charge	of	$45	million.		Mastercard	
paid	the	agreed	fine	in	March	2022.	

Note	22.	Settlement	and	Other	Risk	Management	

Mastercard’s	 rules	 guarantee	 the	 settlement	 of	 many	 of	 the	 transactions	 between	 its	 customers	 (“settlement	 risk”).	 	 Settlement	
exposure	 is	 the	 settlement	 risk	 to	 customers	 under	 Mastercard’s	 rules	 due	 to	 the	 difference	 in	 timing	 between	 the	 payment	
transaction	 date	 and	 subsequent	 settlement.	 	 For	 those	 transactions	 the	 Company	 guarantees,	 the	 guarantee	 will	 cover	 the	 full	
amount	 of	 the	 settlement	 obligation	 to	 the	 extent	 the	 settlement	 obligation	 is	 not	 otherwise	 satisfied.	 	 Settlement	 is	 generally	
completed	on	a	same-day	basis,	however,	in	some	circumstances,	funds	may	not	settle	until	subsequent	business	days	creating	a	
short-term	settlement	exposure.		

Gross	 settlement	 exposure	 is	 estimated	 using	 the	 average	 daily	 payment	 volume	 during	 the	 three	 months	 prior	 to	 period	 end	
multiplied	by	the	estimated	number	of	days	of	exposure.		The	Company	has	global	risk	management	policies	and	procedures,	which	
include	 risk	 standards,	 to	 provide	 a	 framework	 for	 managing	 the	 Company’s	 settlement	 risk	 and	 exposure.	 	 In	 the	 event	 of	 failed	
settlement	by	a	customer,	Mastercard	may	pursue	one	or	more	remedies	available	under	the	Company’s	rules	to	recover	potential	
losses.		Historically,	the	Company	has	experienced	a	low	level	of	losses	from	customer	settlement	failures.	

As	part	of	its	policies,	Mastercard	requires	certain	customers	that	are	not	in	compliance	with	the	Company’s	risk	standards	to	enter	
into	risk	mitigation	arrangements,	including	cash	collateral	and/or	other	forms	of	credit	enhancement	such	as	letters	of	credit	and	
guarantees.		This	requirement	is	based	on	a	review	of	the	individual	risk	circumstances	for	each	customer.		Mastercard	monitors	its	
credit	risk	portfolio	 and	 the	 adequacy	of	its	risk	mitigation	arrangements	on	a	regular	basis.		Additionally,	from	time	to	time,	the	
Company	 reviews	 its	 risk	 management	 methodology	 and	 standards.	 	 As	 such,	 the	 amounts	 of	 estimated	 settlement	 exposure	 are	
revised	as	necessary.

The	Company’s	estimated	settlement	exposure	was	as	follows	at	December	31:	

Gross	settlement	exposure

Risk	mitigation	arrangements	applied	to	settlement	exposure

Net	settlement	exposure

2022

2021

(in	millions)

$	

$	

64,885	 $	

59,571	

(10,697)	

(7,710)	

54,188	 $	

51,861	

Mastercard	also	provides	guarantees	to	customers	and	certain	other	counterparties	indemnifying	them	from	losses	stemming	from	
failures	of	third	parties	to	perform	duties.		This	includes	 guarantees	of	Mastercard-branded	travelers	cheques	issued,	but	not	yet	
cashed	 of	 $342	 million	 and	 $361	 million	 at	 December	 31,	 2022	 and	 2021,	 respectively,	 of	 which	 the	 Company	 has	 risk	 mitigation	
arrangements	for	$273	million	and	$287	million	at	December	31,	2022	and	2021,	respectively.		In	addition,	the	Company	enters	into	
agreements	in	the	ordinary	course	of	business	under	which	the	Company	agrees	to	indemnify	third	parties	against	damages,	losses	
and	expenses	incurred	in	connection	with	legal	and	other	proceedings	arising	from	relationships	or	transactions	with	the	Company.		
Certain	 indemnifications	 do	 not	 provide	 a	 stated	 maximum	 exposure.	 	 As	 the	 extent	 of	 the	 Company’s	 obligations	 under	 these	
agreements	depends	entirely	upon	the	occurrence	of	future	events,	the	Company’s	potential	future	liability	under	these	agreements	
is	not	determinable.		Historically,	payments	made	by	the	Company	under	these	types	of	contractual	arrangements	have	not	been	
material.	

110					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Note	23.	Derivative	and	Hedging	Instruments	

The	Company	monitors	and	manages	its	foreign	currency	and	interest	rate	exposures	as	part	of	its	overall	risk	management	program	
which	focuses	on	the	unpredictability	of	financial	markets	and	seeks	to	reduce	the	potentially	adverse	effects	that	the	volatility	of	
these	markets	may	have	on	its	operating	results.		A	primary	objective	of	the	Company’s	risk	management	strategies	is	to	reduce	the	
financial	 impact	 that	 may	 arise	 from	 volatility	 in	 foreign	 currency	 exchange	 rates	 principally	 through	 the	 use	 of	 both	 foreign	
exchange	 derivative	 contracts	 and	 foreign	 currency	 denominated	 debt.	 	 In	 addition,	 the	 Company	 may	 enter	 into	 interest	 rate	
derivative	 contracts	 to	 manage	 the	 effects	 of	 interest	 rate	 movements	 on	 the	 Company’s	 aggregate	 liability	 portfolio,	 including	
potential	future	debt	issuances.		

Cash	Flow	Hedges

The	Company	may	enter	into	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts,	including	forwards	and	options,	to	manage	the	impact	of	foreign	
currency	variability	on	anticipated	revenues	and	expenses,	which	fluctuate	based	on	currencies	other	than	the	functional	currency	of	
the	entity.		The	objective	of	these	hedging	activities	is	to	reduce	the	effect	of	movement	in	foreign	exchange	rates	for	a	portion	of	
revenues	and	expenses	forecasted	to	occur.		As	these	contracts	are	designated	as	cash	flow	hedging	instruments,	gains	and	losses	
resulting	 from	 changes	 in	 fair	 value	 of	 these	 contracts	 are	 deferred	 in	 accumulated	 other	 comprehensive	 income	 (loss)	 and	
subsequently	reclassified	to	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations	when	the	underlying	hedged	transactions	impact	earnings.

In	addition,	the	Company	may	enter	into	interest	rate	derivative	contracts	to	manage	the	effects	of	interest	rate	movements	on	the	
Company’s	 aggregate	 liability	 portfolio,	 including	 potential	 future	 debt	 issuances,	 and	 designate	 such	 derivatives	 as	 hedging	
instruments	in	a	cash	flow	hedging	relationship.		In	2019,	the	Company	entered	into	treasury	rate	locks	which	are	accounted	for	as	
cash	flow	hedges.		In	the	first	quarter	of	2020,	in	connection	with	the	issuance	of	the	2020	USD	Notes,	these	contracts	were	settled	
at	a	loss	of	$136	million,	after	tax,	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss).		As	of	December	31,	2022,	a	cumulative	loss	
of	$123	million,	after	tax,	remains	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)	associated	with	these	contracts	and	will	be	
reclassified	as	an	adjustment	to	interest	expense	over	the	respective	terms	of	the	2020	USD	Notes	due	in	March	2030	and	March	
2050.

Fair	Value	Hedges

The	Company	may	enter	into	interest	rate	derivative	contracts,	including	interest	rate	swaps,	to	manage	the	effects	of	interest	rate	
movements	on	the	fair	value	of	the	Company's	fixed-rate	debt	and	designate	such	derivatives	as	hedging	instruments	in	a	fair	value	
hedging	relationship.		Changes	in	fair	value	of	these	contracts	and	changes	in	fair	value	of	fixed-rate	debt	attributable	to	changes	in	
the	hedged	benchmark	interest	rate	generally	offset	each	other	and	are	recorded	in	interest	expense	on	the	consolidated	statement	
of	 operations.	 	 Gains	 or	 losses	 related	 to	 the	 net	 settlements	 of	 interest	 rate	 swaps	 are	 also	 recorded	 in	 interest	 expense	 on	 the	
consolidated	 statement	 of	 operations.	 The	 periodic	 cash	 settlements	 are	 included	 in	 operating	 activities	 on	 the	 consolidated	
statement	of	cash	flows.

During	 the	 fourth	 quarter	 of	 2021,	 the	 Company	 entered	 into	 an	 interest	 rate	 swap	 designated	 as	 a	 fair	 value	 hedge	 related	 to	
$1.0	billion	of	the	3.850%	Senior	Notes	due	March	2050.		In	effect,	the	interest	rate	swap	synthetically	converts	the	fixed	interest	
rate	on	this	debt	to	a	variable	interest	rate	based	on	the	Secured	Overnight	Financing	Rate	(“SOFR”)	Overnight	Index	Swap	Rate.		The	
net	impact	to	interest	expense	for	the	years	ended	December	31,	2022	and	2021	was	not	material.	

Net	Investment	Hedges

The	Company	may	use	foreign	currency	denominated	debt	and/or	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts	to	hedge	a	portion	of	its	net	
investment	in	foreign	subsidiaries	against	adverse	movements	in	exchange	rates.		The	effective	portion	of	the	net	investment	hedge	
is	recorded	as	a	currency	translation	adjustment	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss).		Forward	points	are	designated	
as	an	excluded	component	and	recognized	in	general	and	administrative	expenses	on	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations	over	
the	hedge	period.		The	amounts	recognized	in	earnings	related	to	forward	points	for	2022	and	2021	were	not	material.

In	2015	and	2022,	the	Company	designated	its	€1,650	million	and	€750	million	euro-denominated	debt,	respectively,	as	hedges	of	a	
portion	of	its	net	investment	in	its	European	operations.		In	2022,	€700	million	of	the	2015	euro-denominated	debt	matured	and	was	
de-designated	as	a	net	investment	hedge.		During	2022,	2021	and	2020	the	Company	recorded	a	pre-tax	net	foreign	currency	gain	of	
$176	million,	gain	of	$155	million	and	loss	of	$177	million,	respectively,	in	other	comprehensive	income	(loss).		

As	 of	 December	 31,	 2022	 and	 2021,	 the	 Company	 had	 net	 foreign	 currency	 gains	 of	 $309	 million	 and	 $34	 million,	 after	 tax,	
respectively,	in	accumulated	other	comprehensive	income	(loss)	associated	with	this	hedging	activity.	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					111

PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Non-designated	Derivatives	

The	 Company	 may	 also	 enter	 into	 foreign	 exchange	 derivative	 contracts	 to	 serve	 as	 economic	 hedges,	 such	 as	 to	 offset	 possible	
changes	 in	 the	 value	 of	 monetary	 assets	 and	 liabilities	 due	 to	 foreign	 exchange	 fluctuations,	 without	 designating	 these	 derivative	
contracts	 as	 hedging	 instruments.	 	 In	 addition,	 the	 Company	 is	 subject	 to	 foreign	 exchange	 risk	 as	 part	 of	 its	 daily	 settlement	
activities.	 	 This	 risk	 is	 typically	 limited	 to	 a	 few	 days	 between	 when	 a	 payment	 transaction	 takes	 place	 and	 the	 subsequent	
settlement	with	customers.		To	manage	this	risk,	the	Company	may	enter	into	short	duration	foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts	
based	 upon	 anticipated	 receipts	 and	 disbursements	 for	 the	 respective	 currency	 position.	 	 The	 objective	 of	 these	 activities	 is	 to	
reduce	the	Company’s	exposure	to	volatility	arising	from	gains	and	losses	resulting	from	fluctuations	of	foreign	currencies	against	its	
functional	 currencies.	 	 Gains	 and	 losses	 resulting	 from	 changes	 in	 fair	 value	 of	 these	 contracts	 are	 recorded	 in	 general	 and	
administrative	 expenses	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	 operations,	 net,	 along	 with	 the	 foreign	 currency	 gains	 and	 losses	 on	
monetary	assets	and	liabilities.

The	following	table	summarizes	the	fair	value	of	the	Company’s	derivative	financial	instruments	and	the	related	notional	amounts:

Derivatives	designated	as	hedging	instruments

Foreign	exchange	contracts	in	a	cash	flow	hedge	1
Interest	rate	contracts	in	a	fair	value	hedge	2
Foreign	exchange	contracts	in	a	net	investment	hedge	1

Derivatives	not	designated	as	hedging	instruments

Foreign	exchange	contracts	1
Total	derivative	assets/liabilities

December	31,	2022

December	31,	2021

Notional

Derivative	
Assets

Derivative	
Liabilities

Notional

Derivative	
Assets

Derivative	
Liabilities

(in	millions)

$	

642	 $	

4	 $	

15	 $	

206	 $	

7	 $	

1,000	

1,814	

—	

103	

521	

1	

105	

4	

2	

1,000	

1,473	

530	

6	

—	

1	

$	 3,977	 $	

108	 $	

126	 $	 3,209	 $	

14	 $	

3	

8	

4	

8	

23	

1

2

Foreign	 exchange	 derivative	 assets	 and	 liabilities	 are	 included	 within	 prepaid	 expenses	 and	 other	 current	 assets	 and	 other	 current	 liabilities,	
respectively,	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet.

As	of	December	31,	2022,	interest	rate	derivative	liabilities	are	included	within	other	current	liabilities	and	other	liabilities	on	the	consolidated	
balance	sheet.	As	of	December	31,	2021,	interest	rate	derivative	assets	and	liabilities	are	included	within	prepaid	expenses	and	other	current	
assets	and	other	liabilities,	respectively,	on	the	consolidated	balance	sheet.

The	pre-tax	gain	(loss)	related	to	the	Company's	derivative	financial	instruments	designated	as	hedging	instruments	are	as	follows:	

Gain	(Loss)	Recognized	in	OCI

Year	ended	December	31,

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

Location	of	Gain	
(Loss)	Reclassified	
from	AOCI	into	
Earnings

Gain	(Loss)	Reclassified	from	AOCI

Year	ended	December	31,

2022

2021

2020

(in	millions)

Derivative	financial	instruments	in	a	
cash	flow	hedge	relationship:

Foreign	exchange	contracts

Interest	rate	contracts

$	

$	

1	 $	

—	 $	

6	 $	

—	 Net	revenue

—	 $	

(189)	

Interest	expense

$	

$	

16	 $	

(6)	 $	

1	 $	

(6)	 $	

—	

(4)	

Derivative	financial	instruments	in	a	
net	investment	hedge	relationship:

Foreign	exchange	contracts	

$	

177	 $	

114	 $	

—	

The	 Company	 estimates	 that	 $17	 million,	 pre-tax,	 of	 the	 net	 deferred	 loss	 on	 cash	 flow	 hedges	 recorded	 in	 accumulated	 other	
comprehensive	income	(loss)	at	December	31,	2022	will	be	reclassified	into	the	consolidated	statement	of	operations	within	the	next	
12	 months.	 	 The	 term	 of	 the	 foreign	 exchange	 derivative	 contracts	 designated	 in	 hedging	 relationships	 are	 generally	 less	 than	18	
months.	

112					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	8.	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS	AND	SUPPLEMENTARY	DATA	-	NOTES	TO	CONSOLIDATED	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

The	 amount	 of	 gain	 (loss)	 recognized	 on	 the	 consolidated	 statement	 of	 operations	 for	 non-designated	 derivative	 contracts	 is	
summarized	below:

Derivatives	not	designated	as	hedging	instruments:

Foreign	exchange	derivative	contracts

General	and	administrative

Year	ended	December	31,

2022

2021

(in	millions)

2020

$	

21	 $	

(10)	 $	

40	

The	Company’s	derivative	financial	instruments	are	subject	to	both	market	and	counterparty	credit	risk.		Market	risk	is	the	potential	
for	 economic	 losses	 to	 be	 incurred	 on	 market	 risk	 sensitive	 instruments	 arising	 from	 adverse	 changes	 in	 market	 factors	 such	 as	
foreign	currency	exchange	rates,	interest	rates	and	other	related	variables.		Counterparty	credit	risk	is	the	risk	of	loss	due	to	failure	
of	the	counterparty	to	perform	its	obligations	in	accordance	with	contractual	terms.		The	Company’s	derivative	contracts	are	subject	
to	enforceable	master	netting	arrangements,	which	contain	various	netting	and	setoff	provisions.		To	mitigate	counterparty	credit	
risk,	the	Company	enters	into	derivative	contracts	with	a	diversified	group	of	selected	financial	institutions	based	upon	their	credit	
ratings	and	other	factors.		Generally,	the	Company	does	not	obtain	collateral	related	to	derivatives	because	of	the	high	credit	ratings	
of	the	counterparties.	

Note	24.	Segment	Reporting	

Mastercard	has	concluded	it	has	one	reportable	operating	segment,	“Payment	Solutions.”		Mastercard’s	Chief	Executive	Officer	has	
been	identified	as	the	chief	operating	decision-maker.		All	of	the	Company’s	activities	are	interrelated,	and	each	activity	is	dependent	
upon	 and	 supportive	 of	 the	 other.	 	 Accordingly,	 all	 significant	 operating	 decisions	 are	 based	 upon	 analysis	 of	 Mastercard	 at	 the	
consolidated	level.

Revenue	 by	 geographic	 market	 is	 based	 on	 the	 location	 of	 the	 Company’s	 customer	 that	 issued	 the	 card,	 the	 location	 of	 the	
merchant	acquirer	where	the	card	is	being	used	or	the	location	of	the	customer	receiving	services.		Revenue	generated	in	the	U.S.	
was	approximately	33%	of	net	revenue	in	2022,	32%	in	2021	and	33%	in	2020.		No	individual	country,	other	than	the	U.S.,	generated	
more	than	10%	of	net	revenue	in	those	periods.		Mastercard	did	not	have	any	individual	customer	that	generated	greater	than	10%	
of	net	revenue	in	2022,	2021	or	2020.		

The	 following	 table	 reflects	 the	 geographical	 location	 of	 the	 Company’s	 property,	 equipment	 and	 right-of-use	 assets,	 net,	 as	 of	
December	31:

United	States

Other	countries

Total

2022

2021

(in	millions)

2020

$	

$	

1,123	 $	

1,117	 $	

883	

790	

2,006	 $	

1,907	 $	

1,185	

717	

1,902	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					113

	
	
	
	
	
PART	II
ITEM	9.	CHANGES	IN	AND	DISAGREEMENTS	WITH	ACCOUNTANTS	ON	ACCOUNTING	AND	FINANCIAL	DISCLOSURE	

Item	9.	Changes	in	and	disagreements	with	accountants	on	
accounting	and	financial	disclosure	

Not	applicable.	

Item	9A.	Controls	and	procedures

Evaluation	of	Disclosure	Controls	and	Procedures

Our	disclosure	controls	and	procedures	(as	defined	in	Rules	13a-15(e)	and	15d-15(e)	under	the	Securities	Exchange	Act	of	1934,	as	
amended	(the	“Exchange	Act”))	are	designed	to	ensure	that	information	required	to	be	disclosed	in	the	reports	that	we	file	or	submit	
under	the	Exchange	Act	is	recorded,	processed,	summarized	and	reported	within	the	time	periods	specified	in	the	rules	and	forms	of	
the	Securities	and	Exchange	Commission	and	to	ensure	that	information	required	to	be	disclosed	is	accumulated	and	communicated	
to	 management,	 including	 our	 President	 and	 Chief	 Executive	 Officer	 and	 our	 Chief	 Financial	 Officer,	 to	 allow	 timely	 decisions	
regarding	disclosure.		The	President	and	Chief	Executive	Officer	and	the	Chief	Financial	Officer,	with	assistance	from	other	members	
of	management,	have	reviewed	the	effectiveness	of	our	disclosure	controls	and	procedures	as	of	December	31,	2022	and,	based	on	
their	evaluation,	have	concluded	that	the	disclosure	controls	and	procedures	were	effective	as	of	such	date.

Internal	Control	over	Financial	Reporting	

In	 addition,	 Mastercard	 Incorporated’s	 management	 assessed	 the	 effectiveness	 of	 Mastercard’s	 internal	 control	 over	 financial	
reporting	as	of	December	31,	2022.		Management’s	report	on	internal	control	over	financial	reporting	is	included	in	Part	II,	Item	8.		
PricewaterhouseCoopers	LLP,	an	independent	registered	public	accounting	firm,	has	audited	the	consolidated	financial	statements	
included	in	this	Annual	Report	on	Form	10-K	and,	as	part	of	their	audit,	has	issued	their	report,	included	herein,	on	the	effectiveness	
of	our	internal	control	over	financial	reporting.

Changes	in	Internal	Control	over	Financial	Reporting	

There	 was	 no	 change	 in	 Mastercard’s	 internal	 control	 over	 financial	 reporting	 that	 occurred	 during	 the	 three	 months	 ended	
December	 31,	 2022	 that	 has	 materially	 affected,	 or	 is	 reasonably	 likely	 to	 materially	 affect,	 Mastercard’s	 internal	 control	 over	
financial	reporting.

Item	9B.	Other	information

Pursuant	 to	 Section	 219	 of	 the	 Iran	 Threat	 Reduction	 and	 Syria	 Human	 Rights	 Act	 of	 2012,	 we	 hereby	 incorporate	 by	 reference	
herein	the	disclosure	contained	in	Exhibit	99.1	of	this	Report.	

114					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	III

Item	10.	Directors,	executive	officers	and	corporate	governance

Item	11.	Executive	compensation

Item	12.	Security	ownership	of	certain	beneficial	owners	and	management	and	
related	stockholder	matters

Item	13.	Certain	relationships	and	related	transactions,	and	director	
independence

Item	14.	Principal	accountant	fees	and	services

PART	III
ITEM	10.	DIRECTORS,	EXECUTIVE	OFFICERS	AND	CORPORATE	GOVERNANCE

Item	10.	Directors,	executive	officers	and	corporate	governance

Information	regarding	our	executive	officers	is	included	in	section	“Information	about	our	executive	officers”	in	Part	I	of	this	Report.		
Additional	 information	 required	 by	 this	 Item	 with	 respect	 to	 our	 directors	 and	 executive	 officers,	 code	 of	 ethics,	 procedures	 for	
recommending	nominees,	audit	committee,	audit	committee	financial	experts	and	compliance	with	Section	16(a)	of	the	Exchange	
Act	will	appear	in	our	definitive	proxy	statement	to	be	filed	with	the	SEC	and	delivered	to	stockholders	in	connection	with	our	2023	
annual	meeting	of	stockholders	(the	“Proxy	Statement”).	

The	aforementioned	information	in	the	Proxy	Statement	is	incorporated	by	reference	into	this	Report.

Item	11.	Executive	compensation

The	 information	 required	 by	 this	 Item	 with	 respect	 to	 executive	 officer	 and	 director	 compensation	 will	 appear	 in	 the	 Proxy	
Statement	and	is	incorporated	by	reference	into	this	Report.

Item	 12.	 Security	 ownership	 of	 certain	 beneficial	 owners	 and	
management	and	related	stockholder	matters

The	information	required	by	this	Item	with	respect	to	security	ownership	of	certain	beneficial	owners	and	management	equity	and	
compensation	plans	will	appear	in	the	Proxy	Statement	and	is	incorporated	by	reference	into	this	Report.

Item	 13.	 Certain	 relationships	 and	 related	 transactions,	 and	
director	independence

The	information	required	by	this	Item	with	respect	to	transactions	with	related	persons,	the	review,	approval	or	ratification	of	such	
transactions	and	director	independence	will	appear	in	the	Proxy	Statement	and	is	incorporated	by	reference	into	this	Report.

Item	14.	Principal	accountant	fees	and	services

The	 information	 required	 by	 this	 Item	 with	 respect	 to	 auditors’	 services	 and	 fees	 will	 appear	 in	 the	 Proxy	 Statement	 and	 is	
incorporated	by	reference	into	this	Report.

116					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

PART	IV

Item	15.	Exhibits	and	financial	statement	schedules

Item	16.	Form	10-K	summary

PART	IV
ITEM	15.	EXHIBITS	AND	FINANCIAL	STATEMENTS

Item	15.	Exhibits	and	financial	statement	schedules

(a) The	following	documents	are	filed	as	part	of	this	Report:	

1

2

3

Consolidated	Financial	Statements	

See	Index	to	Consolidated	Financial	Statements	in	Part	II,	Item	8.	

Consolidated	Financial	Statement	Schedules

None.	

The	 following	 exhibits	 are	 filed	 as	 part	 of	 this	 Report	 or,	 where	 indicated,	 were	 previously	 filed	 and	 are	 hereby	
incorporated	by	reference:

Refer	to	the	Exhibit	Index	included	herein.

Item	16.	Form	10-K	summary

None.

118					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

Exhibit	index

Exhibit	number

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.10

4.11

4.12

4.13

4.14

4.15

4.16

Exhibit	Description
Amended	 and	 Restated	 Certificate	 of	 Incorporation	 of	 Mastercard	 Incorporated	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	
Exhibit	3.1	to	the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	June	24,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Amended	 and	 Restated	 By-Laws	 of	 Mastercard	 Incorporated	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 3.2	 to	 the	
Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	June	24,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Indenture,	dated	as	of	March	31,	2014,	between	the	Company	and	Deutsche	Bank	Trust	Company	Americas,	as	
trustee	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	31,	
2014	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	March	31,	2014	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.2	of	the	
Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	31,	2014	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	3.375%	Notes	due	2024	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	March	31,	2014)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.2	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	
on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	31,	2014	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	December	1,	2015	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	
the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	December	1,	2015	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	2.100%	Notes	due	2027	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	 dated	 as	 of	 December	 1,	 2015)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 4.1	 of	 the	 Company’s	 Current	
Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	December	1,	2015	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	2.500%	Notes	due	2030	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	 dated	 as	 of	 December	 1,	 2015)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 4.1	 of	 the	 Company’s	 Current	
Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	December	1,	2015	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	November	21,	2016	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	
the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	November	21,	2016	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	2.950%	Notes	due	2026	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	November	21,	2016)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	
Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	November	21,	2016	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	3.800%	Notes	due	2046	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	November	21,	2016)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	
Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	November	21,	2016	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	February	26,	2018	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	
the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	February	26,	2018	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	 of	 Global	 Note	 representing	 the	 Company’s	 3.5%	 Notes	 due	 2028	 (included	 in	 Officer’s	 Certificate	 of	 the	
Company,	 dated	 as	 of	 February	 26,	 2018)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 4.1	 of	 the	 of	 the	 Company’s	
Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	February	26,	2018	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	3.95%	Notes	due	2048	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	 dated	 as	 of	 February	 26,	 2018)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 4.1	 of	 the	 Company’s	 Current	
Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	February	26,	2018	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	May	31,	2019	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	
Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	May	31,	2019	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	2.950%	Notes	due	2029	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	May	31,	2019)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	
on	Form	8-K	filed	on	May	31,	2019	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	3.650%	Notes	due	2049	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	May	31,	2019)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	
on	Form	8-K	filed	on	May	31,	2019	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	December	3,	2019	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	
the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	December	3,	2019	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					119

EXHIBIT	INDEX

4.17

4.18

4.19

4.20

4.21

4.22

4.23

4.24

4.25

4.26

4.27

4.28

4.29*

10.1*

10.2+

10.2.1+

10.2.2

10.3+

10.4+

10.5+

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	2.000%	Notes	due	2025	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	 dated	 as	 of	 December	 3,	 2019)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 4.1	 of	 the	 Company’s	 Current	
Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	December	3,	2019	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	March	26,	2020	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	
Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	26,	2020	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	3.300%	Notes	due	2027	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	March	26,	2020)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	
on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	26,	2020	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	3.350%	Notes	due	2030	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	March	26,	2020)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	
on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	26,	2020	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	3.850%	Notes	due	2050	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	March	26,	2020)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	
on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	26,	2020	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	March	4,	2021	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	
Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	4,	2021	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	1.900%	Notes	due	2031	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	March	4,	2021)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	
on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	4,	2021	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	2.950%	Notes	due	2051	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	March	4,	2021)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	Report	
on	Form	8-K	filed	on	March	4,	2021	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	November	18,	2021	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	
the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	November	18,	2021	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	2.000%	Notes	due	2031	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	dated	as	of	November	18,	2021)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	the	Company’s	Current	
Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	November	18,	2021	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	Company,	dated	as	of	February	22,	2022	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	4.1	of	
the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	February	22,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).	

Form	of	Global	Note	representing	the	Company’s	1.000%	Notes	due	2029	(included	in	Officer’s	Certificate	of	the	
Company,	 dated	 as	 of	 February	 22,	 2022)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 4.1	 of	 the	 Company’s	 Current	
Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	on	February	22,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Description	of	Securities	Registered	Pursuant	to	Section	12	of	the	Securities	Exchange	Act	of	1934.	

$8,000,000,000	 Amended	 and	 Restated	 Credit	 Agreement,	 dated	 as	 of	 November	 10,	 2022,	 among	 Mastercard	
Incorporated,	 the	 several	 lenders	 and	 agents	 from	 time	 to	 time	 party	 thereto,	 Citibank,	 N.A.,	 as	 managing	
administrative	agent	and	JPMorgan	Chase	Bank,	N.A.	as	administrative	agent.
Employment	Agreement	between	Mastercard	International	Incorporated	and	Ajaypal	Banga,	dated	as	of	July	1,	
2010	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.1	to	the	Company’s	Current	Report	on	Form	8-K	filed	July	8,	2010	
(File	No.	001-32877)).

Employment	 Letter	 Agreement	 between	 Mastercard	 International	 Incorporated	 and	 Ajaypal	 Banga,	 dated	 as	 of	
December	31,	2020	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.2.1	to	the	Company’s	Annual	Report	on	Form	10-K	
filed	February	12,	2021	(File	No.	001-32877)).	
Consulting	 Letter	 Agreement	 between	 Mastercard	 International	 Incorporated	 and	 Ajaypal	 Banga,	 dated	 as	 of	
December	13,	2021	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.2.2	to	the	Company’s	Annual	Report	on	Form	10-K	
filed	February	11,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Description	 of	 Employment	 Arrangement	 with	 Craig	 Vosburg	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.1	 to	 the	
Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	May	2,	2018	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Description	 of	 Employment	 Arrangement	 with	 Tim	 Murphy	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.5	 to	 the	
Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	April	30,	2019	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Description	of	Employment	Arrangement	with	Michael	Froman	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.1	to	the	
Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	April	29,	2020	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

120					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

10.6+

10.7+

10.8+

10.9+

10.10+

10.11+

10.12+

10.13+

10.14+

10.15+

10.16+

10.17+

10.18

10.19

10.20

10.21

10.22

EXHIBIT	INDEX

Description	 of	 Employment	 Arrangement	 with	 Sachin	 Mehra	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.2	 to	 the	
Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	April	29,	2020	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Description	of	Employment	Arrangement	with	Michael	Miebach	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.3	to	the	
Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	April	29,	2020	(File	No.	001-32877)).		

Mastercard	 International	 Senior	 Executive	 Annual	 Incentive	 Compensation	 Plan,	 as	 amended	 and	 restated	
effective	 September	 7,	 2022	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.1	 to	 the	 Company’s	 Quarterly	 Report	 on	
Form	10-Q	filed	October	27,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Mastercard	 International	 Incorporated	 Restoration	 Program,	 as	 amended	 and	 restated	 January	 1,	 2007	 unless	
otherwise	provided	 (incorporated	by	 reference	to	Exhibit	10.22	to	the	Company’s	Annual	Report	on	Form	10-K	
filed	February	19,	2009	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Mastercard	 Incorporated	 Deferral	 Plan,	 as	 amended	 and	 restated	 effective	 December	 1,	 2008	 for	 account	
balances	 established	 after	 December	 31,	 2004	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.25	 to	 the	 Company’s	
Annual	Report	on	Form	10-K	filed	February	19,	2009	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Mastercard	 Incorporated	 2006	 Long	 Term	 Incentive	 Plan,	 amended	 and	 restated	 effective	 June	 22,	 2021	
(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.1	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	July	29,	2021	
(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	of	Restricted	Stock	Unit	Agreement	for	awards	under	2006	Long	Term	Incentive	Plan	(effective	for	awards	
granted	 on	 and	 subsequent	 to	 March	 1,	 2022)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.1	 to	 the	 Company’s	
Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	April	28,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Form	of	Stock	Option	Agreement	for	awards	under	2006	Long	Term	Incentive	Plan	(effective	for	awards	granted	
on	 and	 subsequent	 to	 March	 1,	 2022)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.2	 to	 the	 Company’s	 Quarterly	
Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	April	28,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Form	 of	 Performance	 Stock	 Unit	 Agreement	 for	 awards	 under	 2006	 Long	 Term	 Incentive	 Plan	 (effective	 for	
awards	 granted	 on	 and	 subsequent	 to	 March	 1,	 2022)	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.3	 to	 the	
Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	April	28,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Form	of	Mastercard	Incorporated	Long	Term	Incentive	Plan	Non-Competition	and	Non-Solicitation	Agreement	for	
named	executive	officers	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.17	to	the	Company’s	Annual	Report	on	Form	
10-K	filed	February	16,	2012	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Amended	and	Restated	Mastercard	International	Incorporated	Executive	Severance	Plan,	amended	and	restated	
as	of	April	11,	2022	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.4	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	
filed	April	28,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Amended	and	Restated	Mastercard	International	Incorporated	Change	in	Control	Severance	Plan,	amended	and	
restated	 as	 of	 April	 11,	 2022	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.5	 to	 the	 Company’s	 Quarterly	 Report	 on	
Form	10-Q	filed	April	28,	2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Schedule	 of	 Non-Employee	 Directors’	 Annual	 Compensation	 effective	 as	 of	 January	 1,	 2022	 (incorporated	 by	
reference	 to	 to	 Exhibit	 10.20	 to	 the	 Company’s	 Annual	 Report	 on	 Form	 10-K	 filed	 February	 11,	 2022	 (File	 No.	
001-32877)).
2006	 Non-Employee	 Director	 Equity	 Compensation	 Plan,	 amended	 and	 restated	 effective	 as	 of	 June	 22,	 2021	
(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.3	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	July	29,	2021	
(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	 of	 Deferred	 Stock	 Unit	 Agreement	 for	 awards	 under	 2006	 Non-Employee	 Director	 Equity	 Compensation	
Plan,	amended	and	restated	effective	June	22,	2021	(effective	for	awards	granted	on	and	subsequent	to	June	21,	
2022)	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.1	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	July	28,	
2022	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Form	of	Restricted	Stock	Agreement	for	awards	under	2006	Non-Employee	Director	Equity	Compensation	Plan,	
amended	and	restated	effective	June	22,	2021	(effective	for	awards	granted	on	and	subsequent	to	June	21,	2022)	
(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.2	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	July	28,	2022	
(File	No.	001-32877)).
Form	of	Indemnification	Agreement	between	Mastercard	Incorporated	and	certain	of	its	directors	(incorporated	
by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.2	 to	 the	 Company’s	 Quarterly	 Report	 on	 Form	 10-Q	 filed	 May	 2,	 2006	 (File	 No.	
000-50250)).

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					121

EXHIBIT	INDEX

10.23

10.24

10.25

10.26

10.27

10.27.1

10.27.2

10.28**

10.28.1

10.28.2

10.29

21*

23.1*

31.1*

31.2*

32.1*

Form	 of	 Indemnification	 Agreement	 between	 Mastercard	 Incorporated	 and	 certain	 of	 its	 director	 nominees	
(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	 10.3	 to	the	 Company’s	 Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	May	2,	2006	
(File	No.	000-50250)).
Deed	of	Gift	between	Mastercard	Incorporated	and	Mastercard	Foundation	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	
10.28	to	Pre-Effective	Amendment	No.	5	to	the	Company’s	Registration	Statement	on	Form	S-1	filed	May	3,	2006	
(File	No.	333-128337)).
Settlement	Agreement,	dated	as	of	June	4,	2003,	between	Mastercard	International	Incorporated	and	Plaintiffs	in	
the	class	action	litigation	entitled	In	Re	Visa	Check/MasterMoney	Antitrust	Litigation	(incorporated	by	reference	
to	Exhibit	10.1	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	August	8,	2003	(File	No.	000-50250)).
Stipulation	 and	 Agreement	 of	 Settlement,	 dated	 July	 20,	 2006,	 between	 Mastercard	 Incorporated,	 the	 several	
defendants	 and	 the	 plaintiffs	 in	 the	 consolidated	 federal	 class	 action	 lawsuit	 titled	 In	 re	 Foreign	 Currency	
Conversion	Fee	Antitrust	Litigation	(MDL	1409),	and	the	California	state	court	action	titled	Schwartz	v.	Visa	Int’l	
Corp.,	 et	 al.	 (incorporated	 by	 reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.1	 to	 the	 Company’s	 Quarterly	 Report	 on	 Form	 10-Q	 filed	
November	1,	2006	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Omnibus	 Agreement	 Regarding	 Interchange	 Litigation	 Judgment	 Sharing	 and	 Settlement	 Sharing,	 dated	 as	 of	
February	7,	2011,	by	and	among	Mastercard	Incorporated,	Mastercard	International	Incorporated,	Visa	Inc.,	Visa	
U.S.A.	 Inc.,	 Visa	 International	 Service	 Association	 and	 Mastercard’s	 customer	 banks	 that	 are	 parties	 thereto	
(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.33	to	Amendment	No.1	to	the	Company’s	Annual	Report	on	Form	10-K/A	
filed	on	November	23,	2011).
Amendment	to	Omnibus	Agreement	Regarding	Interchange	Litigation	Judgment	Sharing	and	Settlement	Sharing,	
dated	as	of	August	25,	2014,	by	and	among	Mastercard	Incorporated,	Mastercard	International	Incorporated,	Visa	
Inc.,	 Visa	 U.S.A	 Inc.,	 Visa	 International	 Service	 Association	 and	 Mastercard’s	 customer	 banks	 that	 are	 parties	
thereto	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.1	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	filed	October	
30,	2014	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Second	Amendment	to	Omnibus	Agreement	Regarding	Interchange	Litigation	Judgment	Sharing	and	Settlement	
Sharing,	 dated	 as	 of	 October	 22,	 2015,	 by	 and	 among	 Mastercard	 Incorporated,	 Mastercard	 International	
Incorporated,	 Visa	 Inc.,	 Visa	 U.S.A	 Inc.,	 Visa	 International	 Service	 Association	 and	 Mastercard’s	 customer	 banks	
that	are	parties	thereto	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.2	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	
10-Q	filed	October	29,	2015	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Mastercard	 Settlement	 and	 Judgment	 Sharing	 Agreement,	 dated	 as	 of	 February	 7,	 2011,	 by	 and	 among	
Mastercard	 Incorporated,	 Mastercard	 International	 Incorporated	 and	 Mastercard’s	 customer	 banks	 that	 are	
parties	thereto	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.34	to	Amendment	No.1	to	the	Company’s	Annual	Report	
on	Form	10-K/A	filed	on	November	23,	2011).

Amendment	 to	 Mastercard	 Settlement	 and	 Judgment	 Sharing	 Agreement,	 dated	 as	 of	 August	 26,	 2014,	 by	 and	
among	 Mastercard	 Incorporated,	 Mastercard	 International	 Incorporated	 and	 Mastercard’s	 customer	 banks	 that	
are	parties	thereto	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.2	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	Form	10-Q	
filed	October	30,	2014	(File	No.	001-32877)).

Second	Amendment	to	Mastercard	Settlement	and	Judgment	Sharing	Agreement,	dated	as	of	October	22,	2015,	
by	 and	 among	 Mastercard	 Incorporated,	 Mastercard	 International	 Incorporated	 and	 Mastercard’s	 customer	
banks	that	are	parties	thereto	(incorporated	by	reference	to	Exhibit	10.3	to	the	Company’s	Quarterly	Report	on	
Form	10-Q	filed	October	29,	2015	(File	No.	001-32877)).
Superseding	and	Amended	Class	Settlement	Agreement,	dated	September	17,	2018,	by	and	among	Mastercard	
Incorporated	and	Mastercard	International	Incorporated;	Visa,	Inc.,	Visa	U.S.A.	Inc.	and	Visa	International	Service	
Association;	 the	 Class	 Plaintiffs	 defined	 therein;	 and	 the	 Customer	 Banks	 defined	 therein	 (incorporated	 by	
reference	 to	 Exhibit	 10.1	 to	 the	 Company’s	 Current	 Report	 on	 Form	 8-K	 filed	 September	 18,	 2018	 (File	 No.	
001-32877)).

	 List	of	Subsidiaries	of	Mastercard	Incorporated.

Consent	of	PricewaterhouseCoopers	LLP.

Certification	of	Michael	Miebach,	President	and	Chief	Executive	Officer,	pursuant	to	Rule	13a-14(a)/15d-14(a),	as	
adopted	pursuant	to	Section	302	of	the	Sarbanes-Oxley	Act	of	2002.

Certification	of	Sachin	Mehra,	Chief	Financial	Officer,	pursuant	to	Rule	13a-14(a)/15d-14(a),	as	adopted	pursuant	
to	Section	302	of	the	Sarbanes-Oxley	Act	of	2002.

Certification	 of	 Michael	 Miebach,	 President	 and	 Chief	 Executive	 Officer,	 pursuant	 to	 18	 U.S.C.	 Section	 1350,	 as	
adopted	pursuant	to	Section	906	of	the	Sarbanes-Oxley	Act	of	2002.

122					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Certification	of	Sachin	Mehra,	Chief	Financial	Officer,	pursuant	to	18	U.S.C.	Section	1350,	as	adopted	pursuant	to	
Section	906	of	the	Sarbanes-Oxley	Act	of	2002.

Disclosure	pursuant	to	Section	219	of	the	Iran	Threat	Reduction	and	Syria	Human	Rights	Act	of	2012.

XBRL	Instance	Document	-	the	instance	document	does	not	appear	in	the	Interactive	Data	File	because	its	XBRL	
tags	are	embedded	within	the	Inline	XBRL	document.

EXHIBIT	INDEX

	 XBRL	Taxonomy	Extension	Schema	Document

	 XBRL	Taxonomy	Extension	Calculation	Linkbase	Document

	 XBRL	Taxonomy	Extension	Definition	Linkbase	Document

	 XBRL	Taxonomy	Extension	Label	Linkbase	Document

	 XBRL	Taxonomy	Extension	Presentation	Linkbase	Document

32.2*

99.1*

101.INS

101.SCH*

101.CAL*

101.DEF*

101.LAB*

101.PRE*

+	 Management	contracts	or	compensatory	plans	or	arrangements.	
*	
**	 Exhibit	omits	certain	information	that	has	been	filed	separately	with	the	U.S.	Securities	and	Exchange	Commission	and	has	been	granted	

Filed	or	furnished	herewith.

confidential	treatment.		

The	 agreements	 and	 other	 documents	 filed	 as	 exhibits	 to	 this	 report	 are	 not	 intended	 to	 provide	 factual	 information	 or	 other	
disclosure	other	than	with	respect	to	the	terms	of	the	agreements	or	other	documents	themselves,	and	should	not	be	relied	upon	
for	that	purpose.		In	particular,	any	representations	and	warranties	made	by	the	Company	in	these	agreements	or	other	documents	
were	made	solely	within	the	specific	context	of	the	relevant	agreement	or	document	and	may	not	describe	the	actual	state	of	affairs	
as	of	the	date	they	were	made	or	at	any	other	time.

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					123

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Signatures

Pursuant	 to	 the	 requirements	 of	 Section	 13	 or	 15(d)	 of	 the	 Securities	 Exchange	 Act	 of	 1934,	 the	 registrant	 has	 duly	 caused	 this	
Annual	Report	on	Form	10-K	to	be	signed	on	its	behalf	by	the	undersigned,	thereunto	duly	authorized.	

Date:

February	14,	2023

By:

MASTERCARD	INCORPORATED
(Registrant)

/s/	MICHAEL	MIEBACH
Michael	Miebach
President	and	Chief	Executive	Officer
(Principal	Executive	Officer)

Pursuant	to	the	requirements	of	the	Securities	Exchange	Act	of	1934,	this	report	has	been	signed	below	by	the	following	persons	
on	behalf	of	the	registrant	and	in	the	capacities	and	on	the	dates	indicated:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

/s/	MICHAEL	MIEBACH

Michael	Miebach

President	and	Chief	Executive	Officer;	Director

(Principal	Executive	Officer)

/s/	SACHIN	MEHRA

Sachin	Mehra

Chief	Financial	Officer

(Principal	Financial	Officer)

/s/	SANDRA	ARKELL

Sandra	Arkell

Corporate	Controller

(Principal	Accounting	Officer)

/s/	CANDIDO	BRACHER

Candido	Bracher

Director

/s/	RICHARD	K.	DAVIS

Richard	K.	Davis

Director

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

124					MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

Date:

February	14,	2023

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

SIGNATURES

/s/	JULIUS	GENACHOWSKI

Julius	Genachowski

Director

/s/	CHOON	PHONG	GOH

Choon	Phong	Goh

Director

/s/	MERIT	E.	JANOW

Merit	E.	Janow

Chairman	of	the	Board;	Director

/s/	OKI	MATSUMOTO

Oki	Matsumoto

Director

/s/	YOUNGME	MOON

Youngme	Moon

Director

/s/	RIMA	QURESHI

Rima	Qureshi

Director

/s/	GABRIELLE	SULZBERGER

Gabrielle	Sulzberger

Director

/s/	JACKSON	TAI

Jackson	Tai

Director

/s/	HARIT	TALWAR

Harit	Talwar

Director

/s/	LANCE	UGGLA

Lance	Uggla

Director

MASTERCARD	2022	FORM	10-K					125

LIST	OF	SUBSIDIARIES	OF	MASTERCARD	INCORPORATED

Exhibit	21

The	 following	 is	 a	 list	 of	 subsidiaries	 of	 Mastercard	 Incorporated	 as	 of	 December	 31,	 2022,	 omitting	 subsidiaries	 which,	
considered	in	the	aggregate,	would	not	constitute	a	significant	subsidiary:

Name
Global	Mastercard	Holdings	LP

Mastercard	A&M	Investment	Holdings,	LLC

Mastercard	Asia/Pacific	Pte.	Ltd.

Mastercard/Europay	U.K.	Limited

Mastercard	Europe	SA

Mastercard	AP	Financing	Pte.	Ltd.

Mastercard	Financing	Solutions	LLC

Mastercard	Holdings	LP

Mastercard	International	Incorporated

Mastercard	Payment	Gateway	Services	Group	Limited

Mastercard	Europe	Services	Limited

Mastercard	US	Holdings	LLC

Jurisdiction
United	Kingdom

Delaware

Singapore

United	Kingdom

Belgium

Singapore

Delaware

United	Kingdom

Delaware

United	Kingdom

United	Kingdom

Delaware

1

EXHIBIT	23.1

CONSENT	OF	INDEPENDENT	REGISTERED	PUBLIC	ACCOUNTING	FIRM

We	 hereby	 consent	 to	 the	 incorporation	 by	 reference	 in	 the	 Registration	 Statements	 on	 Form	 S-8	 (Nos.	 333-135572;	
333-136460;	and	333-143777)	and	Form	S-3	(No.	333-253041)	of	Mastercard	Incorporated	of	our	report	dated	February	14,	
2023	relating	to	the	financial	statements	and	the	effectiveness	of	internal	control	over	financial	reporting,	which	appears	in	
this	Form	10-K.

/s/	PricewaterhouseCoopers	LLP	

PricewaterhouseCoopers	LLP	
New	York,	New	York
February	14,	2023	

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

EXHIBIT 31.1 

I, Michael Miebach, certify that: 

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mastercard Incorporated; 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a 
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were 
made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly 
present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and 
for, the periods presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls 
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting 
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a) Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be 
designed  under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its 
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in 
which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to 
be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial 
reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period 
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred 
during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual 
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control 
over financial reporting; and

5. The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  have  disclosed,  based  on  our  most  recent  evaluation  of  internal 
control  over  financial  reporting,  to  the  registrant’s  auditors  and  the  audit  committee  of  the  registrant’s  board  of 
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize 
and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in 

the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date:

February	14,	2023

By:

/s/	Michael	Miebach

Michael	Miebach

President	and	Chief	Executive	Officer

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

EXHIBIT 31.2 

I, Sachin Mehra, certify that: 

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mastercard Incorporated;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a 
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were 
made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly 
present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and 
for, the periods presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls 
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting 
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a) Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be 
designed  under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its 
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in 
which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to 
be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial 
reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period 
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred 
during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual 
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control 
over financial reporting; and

5. The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  have  disclosed,  based  on  our  most  recent  evaluation  of  internal 
control  over  financial  reporting,  to  the  registrant’s  auditors  and  the  audit  committee  of  the  registrant’s  board  of 
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize 
and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in 

the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date:

February	14,	2023

By:

/s/	Sachin	Mehra

Sachin	Mehra

Chief	Financial	Officer

 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

EXHIBIT 32.1 

In connection with the Annual Report of Mastercard Incorporated (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the period 
ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, 
Michael Miebach, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley 
Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1. The  Report  fully  complies  with  the  requirements  of  section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of 

1934; and 

2. The  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  condition  and 

results of operations of the Company.  

February 14, 2023

/s/ Michael Miebach

Michael Miebach

President and Chief Executive Officer

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

EXHIBIT 32.2

In connection with the Annual Report of Mastercard Incorporated (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the period 
ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, 
Sachin Mehra, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley 
Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1. The  Report  fully  complies  with  the  requirements  of  section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of 

1934; and 

2. The  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  condition  and 

results of operations of the Company.  

February 14, 2023

/s/ Sachin Mehra

Sachin Mehra

Chief Financial Officer

Section	13(r)	Disclosure

EXHIBIT	99.1	

Mastercard	Incorporated	("Mastercard")	has	established	a	risk-based	compliance	program	designed	to	prevent	us	from	having	
business	 dealings	 with	 Iran,	 as	 well	 as	 other	 prohibited	 countries,	 regions,	 individuals	 or	 entities.	 	 This	 includes	 obligating	
issuers	 and	 acquirers	 to	 screen	 account	 holders	 and	 merchants,	 respectively,	 against	 the	 U.S.	 Office	 of	 Foreign	 Assets	
Control’s	(“OFAC”)	sanctions	lists,	including	the	List	of	Specially	Designated	Nationals	(“SDN	list”).

We	identified	through	our	compliance	program	that	for	the	period	covered	by	this	Report,	Mastercard	processed	transactions	
resulting	from:

•

•

•

•

acquirers	located	in	the	Europe	and	Eastern	Europe/Middle	East/Africa	regions	having	each	acquired	transactions	for	
an	Iranian	airline		

an	acquirer	located	in	the	Latin	America/Caribbean	region	having	acquired	transactions	for	consular	services	with	an	
Iranian	embassy	

an	 acquirer	 located	 in	 the	 Europe	 region	 having	 acquired	 transactions	 for	 consular	 services	 with	 an	 entity	 located	
within	an	Iranian	embassy	

an	 acquirer	 located	 in	 the	 Eastern	 Europe/Middle	 East/Africa	 region	 having	 acquired	 transactions	 for	 an	 Iranian	
merchant	located	at	an	international	exhibition	and	potentially	acting	on	behalf	of	the	Iranian	government				

OFAC	regulations	and	other	legal	authorities	provide	exemptions	for	certain	activities	involving	dealings	with	Iran.		However,	
Section	219	of	the	Iran	Threat	Reduction	and	Syria	Human	Rights	Act	of	2012	requires	us	to	disclose	whether	we,	or	any	of	our	
affiliates,	have	knowingly	engaged	in	certain	transactions	or	dealings	involving	the	Government	of	Iran	or	with	certain	persons	
or	entities	found	on	the	SDN	list,	regardless	of	whether	these	dealings	constitute	a	violation	of	OFAC	regulations.	

We	do	not	calculate	net	revenues	or	net	profits	associated	with	specific	merchants	(our	customers’	customers).		However,	we	
used	our	fee	schedule	and	the	aggregate	number	and	amount	of	transactions	involving	the	above	merchants	to	estimate	the	
net	revenue	and	net	profit	we	obtained	during	the	three	months	and	year	ended	December	31,	2022.		Both	the	number	of	
transactions	and	our	estimated	net	revenue	and	net	profits	for	this	period	are	de	minimis.