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Microsoft

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FY2023 Annual Report · Microsoft
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Dear shareholders, colleagues, customers, and partners,  

We are living through a time of historic challenge and opportunity. As I write this, the world faces ongoing economic, social, 
and geopolitical volatility. At the same time, we have entered a new age of AI that will fundamentally transform productivity 
for every individual, organization, and industry on earth, and help us address some of our most pressing challenges.  

This next generation of AI will reshape every software category and every business, including our own. Forty-eight years 
after  its  founding,  Microsoft  remains  a  consequential  company  because  time  and  time  again—from  PC/Server,  to 
Web/Internet, to Cloud/Mobile—we have adapted to technological paradigm shifts. Today, we are doing so once again, as 
we lead this new era.  

Amid  this  transformation,  our  mission  to  empower  every  person  and  every  organization  on  the  planet  to  achieve 
more remains constant. As a company, we believe we can be the democratizing force for this new generation of technology 
and the opportunity it will help unlock for every country, community, and individual, while mitigating its risks.  

Here are just a few examples of how we are already doing this:  

• 

Leading  electronic  health  records  vendor  Epic  is  addressing  some  of  the  biggest  challenges  facing  the 
healthcare industry today—including physician burnout—by deploying a wide range of copilot solutions built on 
Azure OpenAI Service and Dragon Ambient eXperience Copilot.  

•  Mercado  Libre is  reducing the  time its  developers  spend  writing  code  by more than  50 percent  with  GitHub 

Copilot, as the company works to democratize e-commerce across Latin America.  

•  Mercedes-Benz is making its in-car voice assistant more intuitive for hundreds of thousands of drivers using 

ChatGPT via the Azure OpenAI Service.  

• 

Lumen Technologies is  helping its  employees  be more  productive,  enabling  them  to focus  on  higher value-
added activities, by deploying Microsoft 365 Copilot.  

•  Nonprofit The Contingent is matching foster families with children in need using Dynamics 365, Power BI, and 

Azure, with an eye on using AI to amplify its work across the US.  

•  And, Taiwan’s Ministry of Education has built an online platform to help elementary and high school students 

learn English using Azure AI.  

To build on this progress, we remain convicted on three things: First, we will maintain our lead as the top commercial cloud 
while  innovating  in  consumer  categories,  from  gaming  to  professional  social  networks.  Second,  because  we  know  that 
maximum enterprise value gets created during platform shifts like this one, we  will invest to accelerate our lead in AI by 
infusing  this  technology  across  every  layer  of  the  tech  stack.  And,  finally,  we  will  continue  to  drive  operating  leverage, 
aligning our cost structure with our revenue growth.  

As we make progress on these priorities, we delivered strong results in fiscal year 2023, including a record $211 billion in 
revenue and over $88 billion in operating income.  

A NEW ERA OF AI  

There are two breakthroughs coming together to define this new era of AI. The first is the most universal interface: natural 
language.  The  long  arc  of  computing  has,  in  many  ways,  been  shaped  by  the  pursuit  of  increasingly  intuitive  human-
computer  interfaces—keyboards,  mice,  touch  screens. We  believe  we  have  now  arrived  at  the  next  big  step  forward—
natural language—and will quickly go beyond, to see, hear, interpret, and make sense of our intent and the world around 
us.  

The second is the emergence of a powerful new reasoning engine. For years, we’ve digitized daily life, places, and things 
and organized them into databases. But in a world rich with data, what has been most scarce is our ability to reason over 
it. This generation of AI helps us interact with data in powerful new ways—from completing or summarizing text, to detecting 
anomalies and recognizing images—to help us identify patterns and surface insights faster than ever.  

Together, these two breakthroughs  will unlock massive new opportunity. And, in fact, just last month we announced our 
vision for Copilot, an everyday AI companion. We are building Copilot into all our most used products and experiences and 
allowing people to summon its power as a standalone app as well. Just like you boot up an OS to access applications or 
use a browser to visit websites today, our belief is that you will invoke a Copilot to do all those activities and more: to shop, 
to code, to analyze, to learn, to create.  

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As a company, any time we approach a transition like this, we do so responsibly. We believe AI should be as empowering 
across communities as it is powerful, and we’re committed to ensuring it is responsibly built and designed, with safety in 
mind from the outset.  

OUR OPPORTUNITY  

Every customer solution area and every layer of our tech stack will be reimagined for the AI era. And that’s exactly what 
we’ve already begun to do:  

Infrastructure  

Four years ago, we first invested in our AI supercomputer, with a goal of building the best cloud for training and inference. 
Today, it’s being used by our partner OpenAI to power its best-in-class foundation models and services, including one of 
the fastest-growing consumer apps ever—ChatGPT. NVIDIA, as well as leading AI startups like Adept and Inflection, is also 
using our infrastructure to build its own breakthrough models.  

More broadly, organizations continue to choose our ubiquitous computing fabric—from cloud to edge—to run their mission-
critical applications. We continued to see more cloud migrations to Azure this past fiscal year, as it remains early when it 
comes to the long-term cloud opportunity. And we also continue to lead in hybrid computing with Azure Arc, which now has 
18,000 customers.  

Data and AI  

Every AI app starts with data, and having a comprehensive data and analytics platform is more important than ever. Our 
Intelligent  Data  Platform  brings  together  operational  databases,  analytics,  and  governance  so  organizations  can  spend 
more time creating value and less time integrating their data estate. We also introduced Microsoft Fabric this year, which 
unifies compute, storage, and governance with a disruptive business model.  

With Azure AI, we are making foundation models available as platforms to our customers. We offer the best selection of 
industry-leading  frontier  and  open  models.  In  January,  we  made  the  Azure  OpenAI  Service  broadly  available,  bringing 
together  advanced  models,  including  ChatGPT  and  GPT-4,  with  the  enterprise  capabilities  of  Azure.  More  than  11,000 
organizations across industries are already using it for advanced scenarios like content and code generation. Meta chose 
us this summer as its preferred cloud to commercialize its Llama family of models. And, with Azure AI Studio, we provide a 
full lifecycle toolchain customers can use to ground these models on their own data, create prompt workflows, and help 
ensure they are deployed and used safely.  

Digital and app innovation  

GitHub Copilot is fundamentally transforming developer productivity, helping developers complete coding tasks 55 percent 
faster. More than 27,000 organizations have chosen GitHub Copilot for Business, and to date more than 1 million people 
have used GitHub Copilot to code faster. We also announced our vision for the future of software development with GitHub 
Copilot X, which will bring the power of AI throughout the entire software development lifecycle. All up, GitHub surpassed 
$1 billion in annual recurring revenue for the first time this fiscal year.  

We’re  also  applying  AI  across  our  low-code/no-code  toolchain to  help  domain  experts  across  an  organization  automate 
workflows,  create  apps  and  webpages,  build virtual  agents,  or  analyze  data,  using just  natural language  with  copilots in 
Power Platform. More than 63,000 organizations have used AI-powered capabilities in Power Platform to date.  

Business applications  

We are bringing the next generation of AI to employees across every job function and every line of business with Dynamics 
365  Copilot,  which  works  across  CRM  and  ERP  systems  to  reduce  burdensome  tasks  like  manual  data  entry,  content 
generation, and notetaking. In fact, our own support agents are using Copilot in Dynamics 365 Customer Service to resolve 
more cases faster and without having to call on peers to help. With our Supply Chain Platform, we’re helping customers 
apply AI to predict and mitigate disruptions. And, with our new Microsoft Sales Copilot, sellers can infuse their customer 
interactions with data from CRM systems—including both Salesforce and Dynamics—to close more deals.  

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All  up,  Dynamics  surpassed  $5 billion  in  revenue  over  the  past  fiscal  year,  with  our  customer  experience,  service,  and 
finance and supply chain businesses each surpassing $1 billion in annual sales.  

Industry  

Across industries, we are rapidly becoming the partner of choice for any organization looking to generate real value from 
AI.  In  healthcare,  for  example,  we  introduced  the  world’s  first  fully  automated  clinical  documentation  application,  DAX 
Copilot. The application helps physicians reduce documentation time by half, freeing them to spend more time face to face 
with patients. And Epic will integrate it directly into its electronic health records system.  

And, in retail, we introduced new tools to help companies manage their day-to-day operations and digitize their physical 
stores.  

Modern work  

We are rapidly evolving Microsoft 365 into an AI-first platform that enables every individual to amplify their creativity and 
productivity, with both our established applications like Office and Teams, as well as new apps like Designer, Stream, and 
Loop. Microsoft 365 is designed for today’s digitally connected, distributed workforce.  

This year, we also introduced a new pillar of customer value with Microsoft 365 Copilot, which combines next-generation AI 
with business data in the Microsoft Graph and Microsoft 365 applications to help people be more productive and unleash 
their creativity at work. Just last month, I was excited to announce that we will make Microsoft 365 Copilot generally available 
to our commercial customers later this year.  

We continue to build momentum in Microsoft Teams across collaboration, chat, meetings, and calls. We introduced a new 
version of Teams that delivers up to two times faster performance, while using 50 percent less memory. We also introduced 
Teams Premium to meet enterprise demand for AI-powered features like intelligent meeting recaps. All up, Teams usage 
surpassed 300 million monthly active users this year.  

With Microsoft Viva, we have created a new category for employee experience. Copilot in Viva offers leaders a new way to 
build  high-performance  teams  by  prioritizing  both  productivity  and  employee  engagement.  This  year,  Viva  surpassed 
35 million monthly active users.  

Security  

As  the  rate  and  pace  of  cyberthreats  continue  to  accelerate,  security  is  a  top  priority  for  every  organization.  Our 
comprehensive, AI-powered solutions give defenders the advantage. With Security Copilot, we’re combining large language 
models with a domain-specific model informed by our threat intelligence and 65 trillion daily security signals, to transform 
every aspect of security operations center productivity.  

All  up,  more  than  1 million  organizations  now  count  on  our  comprehensive,  AI-powered  solutions  to  protect  their  digital 
estates, and our security business surpassed $20 billion in annual revenue, as we help protect customers across clouds 
and endpoint platforms.  

Search, advertising, and news  

We are reshaping daily search and web habits with our new Bing and Microsoft Edge browser, which brings together search, 
browsing, chat, and AI into one unified experience to deliver better search, more complete answers, a new chat experience, 
and the ability to generate content. We think of these tools as an AI copilot for the web.  

We are also bringing these breakthrough capabilities to businesses,  with Bing Chat Enterprise, which offers commercial 
data protection, providing an easy on-ramp for any organization looking to get the benefit of next-generation AI today.  

Although it’s early in our journey, Bing users engaged in more than 1 billion chats and created more than 750 million images 
over the past year as they apply these new tools to get things done. And Edge has taken share for nine consecutive quarters.  

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More broadly, we continue to expand our opportunity in advertising. This year, Netflix chose us as its exclusive technology 
and sales partner for its first ad-supported subscription offering, a validation of the differentiated value we provide to any 
publisher looking for a flexible partner to build and innovate with them.  

LinkedIn  

The excitement around AI is creating new opportunities across every function—from marketing, sales, service, and finance, 
to software development and security. And LinkedIn is increasingly where people are going to learn, discuss, and uplevel 
their skills. We are using AI to help our members and customers connect to opportunities and tap into the experiences of 
experts on the platform. In fact, our AI-powered articles are already the fastest-growing traffic driver to the network.  

All  up,  LinkedIn’s  revenue  surpassed  $15 billion for  the first time this fiscal year,  a testament to  how mission  critical the 
platform has become to help more than 950 million members connect, learn, sell, and get hired.  

Gaming  

In  gaming,  we  are  rapidly  executing  on  our  ambition  to  be  the  first  choice  for  people  to  play  great  games  whenever, 
wherever, and however they want. With Xbox Game Pass, we are redefining how games are distributed, played, and viewed. 
Content is the flywheel behind the service’s growth, and our pipeline has never been stronger. It was especially energizing 
to release Starfield this fall to broad acclaim, with more than 10 million players in the first month post-launch alone.  

Earlier this month, we were thrilled to close our acquisition of Activision Blizzard, and we look forward to sharing more in 
the coming months about how, together, we will bring the joy of gaming to more people around the world.  

Devices and creativity  

Finally, we’re turning Windows into a powerful new AI canvas with Copilot, which rolled out as part of a Windows 11 update 
last month. It uniquely incorporates the context and intelligence of the web, your work data, and what you are doing in the 
moment  on  your  PC  to  provide  better  assistance,  while  keeping  your  privacy  and  security  at  the  forefront.  Overall,  the 
number of devices running Windows 11 more than doubled in the past year. And we are also transforming how Windows is 
experienced  and managed  with  Azure Virtual  Desktop  and Windows  365,  which  together  surpassed  $1 billion  in  annual 
revenue for the first time.  

OUR RESPONSIBILITY  

As we pursue our opportunity, we are also working to ensure technology helps us solve problems—not create new ones. 
To do this, we focus on four enduring commitments that are central to our mission and that take on even greater importance 
in this new era. For us, these commitments are more than just words. They’re a guide to help us make decisions across 
everything we do—as we design and develop products, shape business processes and policies, help our customers thrive, 
build partnerships, and more—always asking ourselves critical questions to ensure our actions are aligned with them.  

How can we expand opportunity?  

First,  we  believe  access  to  economic  growth  and  opportunity  should  reach  every  person,  organization,  community,  and 
country. And although AI can serve as a catalyst for opportunity and growth, we must first ensure everyone has access to 
the technologies, data, and skills they need to benefit.  

To achieve this, we are focused on getting technology into the hands of nonprofits, social entrepreneurs, and other civil 
society organizations to help them digitally transform, so they can help address some of society’s biggest challenges. This 
year, we provided nonprofits with over $3.8 billion in discounted and donated technology. Nearly 325,000 nonprofits used 
our cloud. And to help them tap the potential of AI, we’re building new AI capabilities for fundraising, marketing, and program 
delivery.  

AI will displace some jobs, but it will also create new ones. That’s why we aim to train and certify 10 million people by 2025 
with the skills for jobs and livelihoods in an increasingly digital economy. Since July 2020, we’ve helped 8.5 million people, 
including 2.7 million this year. We’ve also focused on skilling women and underrepresented communities in cybersecurity, 
working across 28 countries and with nearly 400 US community colleges to scale our efforts.  

Finally,  to  help  people  learn  more  about  AI,  we  launched  the  first  online  Professional  Certificate  on  Generative  AI  in 
partnership with LinkedIn Learning, created AI tools for educators, and held our first AI Community Learning event in the 
US. These events will be replicated around the world and localized in 10 languages over the next year. We also partnered 

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to  launch  a  Generative  AI  Skills  Grant  Challenge  to  explore  how  nonprofit,  social  enterprise,  and  research  or  academic 
institutions can empower the workforce to use this new generation of AI.  

How can we earn trust?  

To create positive impact with technology, people need to be able to trust the technologies they use and the companies 
behind  them. For  us,  earning trust  spans  the  responsible  use  of  AI,  protecting  privacy,  and  advancing  digital  safety  and 
cybersecurity.  

Our commitment to responsible AI is not new. Since 2017, we’ve worked to develop our responsible AI practice, recognizing 
that trust is never given but earned through action.  

We have translated our AI principles into a core set of implementation processes, as well as tools, training, and practices 
to support compliance. But internal programs aren’t enough. We also enable our customers and partners to develop and 
deploy AI safely, including through our AI customer commitments and services like Azure AI Studio, with its content safety 
tooling and access to our Responsible AI dashboard.  

Building AI responsibly requires that we work with other industry leaders, civil society, and governments to advocate for AI 
regulations and governance globally. This year, we released our Governing AI Blueprint, which outlines concrete legal and 
policy recommendations for AI guardrails. We are signatories to the eight voluntary commitments developed with the US 
White  House,  and  proud  of  the  six  additional  commitments  we’ve  made  to  further  strengthen  and  operationalize  the 
principles of safety, security, and trust.  

The era of AI heightens the importance of cybersecurity, and we deepened our work across the private and public sectors 
to improve cyber-resilience. We’ve continued to support Ukraine in defending critical infrastructure, detecting and disrupting 
cyberattacks  and  cyberinfluence  operations,  and  providing  intelligence  related  to  these  attacks.  Our  Microsoft  Threat 
Analysis Center team produced more than 500 intelligence reports to help keep customers and the public informed. And we 
published our third annual Microsoft Digital Defense Report, sharing our learnings and security recommendations.  

We also remain committed to creating safe experiences online and protecting customers from illegal and harmful content 
and  conduct,  while  respecting  human  rights.  We  supported  the  Christchurch  Call  Initiative  on  Algorithmic  Outcomes  to 
address terrorist and violent and extremist content online. And through the World Economic Forum’s Global Coalition for 
Digital Safety, we co-led the development of new global principles for digital safety.  

Protecting customers’ privacy and giving them control of their data is more important than ever. We’ve begun our phased 
rollout of the EU Data Boundary, supporting our commercial and public sector customers’ need for data sovereignty. And 
each  month,  more  than  3 million  people  exercise  their  data  protection  rights  through  our  privacy  dashboard,  making 
meaningful choices about how their data is used.  

How can we protect fundamental rights?  

In an increasingly digital world, we have a responsibility to promote and protect people’s fundamental rights and address 
the challenges technology creates. For us, this means upholding responsible business practices, expanding connectivity 
and accessibility, advancing fair and inclusive societies, and empowering communities.  

In 2023, we worked diligently to anticipate harmful uses of our technology and put guardrails on the use of technologies that 
are consequential to people’s lives or legal status, create risk of harm, or threaten human rights. We will continue to assess 
the impact of our technologies, engage our stakeholders, and model and adopt responsible practices and respect for human 
rights—including across our global supply chain.  

Today, our lives are more connected than ever. Access to education, employment, healthcare, and other critical services is 
increasingly  dependent  on  technology.  That’s  why  we’ve  expanded  our  commitment  to  bring  access  to  affordable  high-
speed internet to a quarter of a billion people around the world, including 100 million people in Africa, by the end of 2025. 
Since  2017,  we’ve  helped  bring  internet  access  to  63 million  people,  a  key  first  step  to  ensuring  communities  will  have 
access to AI and other digital technologies.  

This year, we also continued working toward our five-year commitment to bridge the disability divide with a focus on helping 
close the accessibility knowledge gap. Seven hundred and fifty-thousand learners enriched their understanding of disability 
and accessibility in partnership with LinkedIn Learning, Teach Access, and the Microsoft disability community.  

5 

In addition, we’re stepping up efforts to combat online disinformation through new media content provenance technologies—
enabling users to verify if an image or video was generated by AI. We continued our efforts to promote racial equity across 
Microsoft, our ecosystem, and our communities, including our work to advance justice reform through data-driven insights. 
And we provided support in response to eight humanitarian disasters, including committing $540 million of support to those 
who have been impacted by the War in Ukraine.  

Finally,  recognizing  AI’s  potential  to  advance  human  rights  and  humanitarian  action,  we  worked  on  several  AI  for 
Humanitarian  Action  projects.  Together  with  our  partners,  we’re  building  the  capabilities  to  identify  at-risk  communities, 
estimate seasonal hunger, predict malnutrition, and assist in disease identification.  

How can we advance sustainability?  

Climate change is the defining issue of our generation, and addressing it requires swift, collective action and technological 
innovation.  We  are  committed  to  meeting  our  own  goals  while  enabling  others  to  do  the  same.  That  means  taking 
responsibility for our operational footprint and accelerating progress through technology.  

We continue to see extreme weather impacting communities globally. To meet the urgent need, this must be a decade of 
innovation and decisive action—for Microsoft, our customers, and the world.  

In  our  latest  Environmental  Sustainability  Report,  we  shared  our  progress  toward  our  2030  sustainability targets  across 
carbon, water, waste, and ecosystems. In 2022, our overall carbon emissions declined by 0.5 percent while our business 
grew.  Addressing  scope  3  emissions,  which  account  for  the  vast  majority  of  our  emissions,  is  arguably  our  ultimate 
challenge—one we’ll continue to tackle through our supply chain, policy advances, and industry-wide knowledge-sharing.  

We’ve  provided  just  under  1 million  people  with  access  to  clean  water  and  sanitation,  one  of  five  pillars  on  our  path  to 
becoming water positive. And in our pursuit to be zero waste, we achieved a reuse and recycle rate of 82 percent for all our 
cloud hardware and diverted over 12,000 metric tons of solid operational waste from landfills and incinerators.  

We also continue to take responsibility for the impacts of our direct operations on Earth’s ecosystems. We’ve contracted to 
protect 17,268 acres of land, over 50 percent more than the land we use to operate. Of that, 12,270 acres—the equivalent 
of approximately 7,000 soccer fields—were designated as permanently protected.  

Technology is a powerful lever to help us avoid the most severe impacts of climate change. That’s why we’re accelerating 
our  investment  in  more  efficient  datacenters,  clean  energy,  enhancements  to  the  Microsoft  Cloud  for  Sustainability  and 
Planetary Computer, and green software practices. To date, through our Climate Innovation Fund, we’ve allocated more 
than $700 million to a global portfolio of 50+ investments spanning sustainable solutions in energy, industrial, and natural 
systems.  

Finally, we believe AI can be a powerful accelerant in addressing the climate crisis. We expanded our AI for Good Lab in 
Egypt  and  Kenya  to  improve  climate  resilience  for  the  continent.  And,  together  with  our  partners,  we  launched  Global 
Renewables Watch, a first-of-its-kind living atlas that aims to map and measure utility-scale solar and wind installations, 
allowing users to evaluate progress toward a clean energy transition.  

Although this new era promises great opportunity, it demands even greater responsibility from companies like ours. As we 
pursue our four commitments, we focus on transparency—providing clear reporting on how we run our business and how 
we  work  with  customers  and  partners.  Our  annual Impact  Summary  shares  more  about  our  progress  and  learnings  this 
year, and our Reports Hub provides detailed reports on our environmental data, political activities, workforce demographics, 
human rights work, and more.  

OUR CULTURE  

There’s  never  been  a  more  important  time  to  live  our  culture.  The  way  we  work  and  the  speed  at  which  we  work  are 
changing.  

In  an  economy  where  yesterday’s  exceptional  is  today’s  expected,  all  of  us  at  Microsoft  will  need  to  embrace  a  growth 
mindset  and,  more  importantly,  confront  our  fixed  mindsets  as  our  culture  evolves.  It  will  take  everyday  courage  to 
reformulate  what  innovation,  business  models,  and  sales  motions  look  like  in  this  new  era.  As  a  high-performance 
organization,  we  aspire  to  help  our  employees  maximize  their  economic  opportunity,  while  simultaneously  helping them 

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learn  and  grow  professionally  and  connect their  own  passion  and  purpose  with  their  everyday  work  and  the  company’s 
mission.  

To be successful, we need to be grounded in what our customers and the world need. We need to innovate and collaborate 
as One Microsoft. And we need to actively seek diversity and embrace inclusion to best serve our customers and create a 
culture where everyone can do their best work. To empower the world, we need to represent the world. To that end, we 
remain focused on increasing representation and strengthening our culture of inclusion. Even as we navigated challenges 
this year, our company continued to be the most globally diverse it’s ever been.  

Giving also remains core to our culture. This year, more than 105,000 employees gave $242 million (including company 
match) to over 35,000 nonprofits in 116 countries. And our employees volunteered over 930,000 hours to causes they care 
about.  

I am deeply grateful to our employees for their commitment to the company and their communities, and how they are living 
our mission and culture every day in a changing company and world.  

**  

In closing, this is Microsoft’s moment. We have an incredible opportunity to use this new era of AI to deliver meaningful 
benefits for every person and every organization on the planet.  

On New Year’s Day, I saw a tweet from Andrej Karpathy, Tesla’s former director of AI who now works at OpenAI, about 
how GitHub Copilot was writing about 80 percent of his code, with 80 percent accuracy. Two days later, I saw a stunning 
example of work we’ve done with the government of India’s Ministry of Electronics and IT, which is applying an AI model so 
farmers in rural areas can interact with government resources in their native languages.  

Think about that: A foundation model that was developed on the West Coast of the United States is already transforming 
the lives of both elite developers and rural farmers on the other side of the globe. We’ve not seen this speed of diffusion 
and breadth of impact in the tech industry before.  

As a company, this is our moment to show up and responsibly build solutions that drive economic growth and benefit every 
community, country, industry, and person. If we do it well, the world will do well, and Microsoft will do well too. I’ve never 
been more confident that we will deliver on this promise together in the days, months, and years to come.  

Satya Nadella  
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer  
October 16, 2023  

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ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, DIVIDENDS, AND STOCK PERFORMANCE  

MARKET AND STOCKHOLDERS  

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol MSFT. On July 24, 2023, there were 83,883 
registered holders of record of our common stock.  

Share Repurchases  

SHARE REPURCHASES AND DIVIDENDS  

On September 18, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing up to $40.0 billion in 
share repurchases. This share repurchase program commenced in February 2020 and was completed in November 2021.  

On September 14, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing up to $60.0 billion in 
share repurchases. This share repurchase program commenced in November 2021, following completion of the program 
approved  on  September 18,  2019,  has  no  expiration  date,  and  may  be  terminated  at  any  time.  As  of  June 30,  2023, 
$22.3 billion remained of this $60.0 billion share repurchase program.  

We repurchased the following shares of common stock under the share repurchase programs:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

Total 

Shares 

Amount 

Shares 

Amount 

Shares 

Amount 

2023  

17   $ 
20    
18    
14    

4,600     
4,600    
4,600    
4,600    

2022  

21   $ 
20    
26    
28    

6,200    
6,233    
7,800    
7,800    

2021  

25   $ 
27    
25    
24    

5,270  
5,750  
5,750  
6,200  

  69   $ 

  18,400    

  95   $ 

  28,033    

  101   $ 

  22,970  

All  repurchases  were  made  using  cash  resources.  Shares  repurchased  during  fiscal  year  2023  and  the fourth  and  third 
quarters  of  fiscal  year  2022  were  under  the  share  repurchase  program  approved  on  September 14,  2021.  Shares 
repurchased during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 were under the share repurchase programs approved on both 
September 14,  2021  and  September 18,  2019.  All  other  shares  repurchased  were  under  the  share  repurchase  program 
approved on September 18, 2019. The above table excludes shares repurchased to settle employee tax withholding related 
to the vesting of stock awards of $3.8 billion, $4.7 billion, and $4.4 billion for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.  

Dividends  

Our Board of Directors declared the following dividends:  

Declaration Date 

Fiscal Year 2023 
September 20, 2022 
November 29, 2022 
March 14, 2023 
June 13, 2023 

Total 

Fiscal Year 2022 
September 14, 2021 
December 7, 2021 
March 14, 2022 
June 14, 2022 

Total 

Record Date 

Payment Date 

November 17, 2022 
February 16, 2023 
May 18, 2023 
August 17, 2023 

December 8, 2022 
March 9, 2023 
June 8, 2023 
September 14, 2023 

November 18, 2021 
February 17, 2022 
May 19, 2022 
August 18, 2022 

December 9, 2021 
March 10, 2022 
June 9, 2022 
September 8, 2022 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Dividend 
Per Share 

Amount 

0.68   $ 
0.68    
0.68    
0.68    

(In millions) 
5,066  
5,059  
5,054  
5,054  

  2.72   $ 

  20,233  

0.62   $ 
0.62    
0.62    
0.62    

4,652  
4,645  
4,632  
4,621  

$   

 2.48   $    18,550  

The dividend declared on June 13, 2023 was included in other current liabilities as of June 30, 2023.  

8 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
STOCK PERFORMANCE  

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*  
Among Microsoft Corporation, the S&P 500 Index  
and the NASDAQ Computer Index  

Microsoft Corporation 
S&P 500 
NASDAQ Computer 

6/18 

6/19 

6/20 

6/21 

6/22 

$    100.00   $    138.07   $    212.34   $    285.40   $    272.82   $ 

100.00    
100.00    

110.42    
106.10    

118.70    
156.93    

167.13    
236.08    

149.39    
184.53    

6/23 
  365.24  
178.66  
242.82  

*  $100 invested on 6/30/18 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending June 30.  

9 

  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
Note About Forward-Looking Statements  

This report includes estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives, and expected operating 
results  that  are  “forward-looking  statements”  within the meaning  of  the  Private  Securities  Litigation  Reform Act  of  1995, 
Section 27A  of  the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  and  Section 21E  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934.  Forward-looking 
statements may appear throughout this report, including the following sections: “Business” and “Management’s Discussion 
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. These forward-looking statements generally are identified 
by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “may,” 
“should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are 
based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to 
differ materially. We describe risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially in “Risk 
Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Quantitative and 
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in our fiscal year 2023 Form 10-K. Readers are cautioned not to place undue 
reliance  on forward-looking  statements,  which  speak  only  as  of  the  date they  are made. We  undertake  no obligation  to 
update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise.  

BUSINESS  

GENERAL  

Embracing Our Future  

Microsoft  is  a technology  company  whose  mission  is  to  empower  every  person  and  every  organization  on  the  planet to 
achieve more. We strive to create local opportunity, growth, and impact in every country around the world. We are creating 
the platforms and tools, powered by artificial intelligence (“AI”), that deliver better, faster, and more effective solutions to 
support small and large business competitiveness, improve educational and health outcomes, grow public-sector efficiency, 
and empower human ingenuity. From infrastructure and data, to business applications and collaboration, we provide unique, 
differentiated value to customers.  

In  a  world  of  increasing  economic  complexity,  AI  has  the  power  to  revolutionize  many  types  of  work.  Microsoft  is  now 
innovating and expanding our portfolio with AI capabilities to help people and organizations overcome today’s challenges 
and emerge stronger. Customers are looking to unlock value from their digital spend and innovate for this next generation 
of  AI,  while  simplifying  security  and  management.  Those  leveraging  the  Microsoft  Cloud  are  best  positioned  to  take 
advantage  of  technological  advancements  and  drive  innovation.  Our  investment  in  AI  spans  the  entire  company,  from 
Microsoft  Teams  and  Outlook,  to  Bing  and  Xbox,  and  we  are  infusing  generative  AI  capability  into  our  consumer  and 
commercial offerings to deliver copilot capability for all services across the Microsoft Cloud.  

We’re committed to making the promise of AI real – and doing it responsibly. Our work is guided by a core set of principles: 
fairness, reliability and safety, privacy and security, inclusiveness, transparency, and accountability.  

What We Offer  

Founded in 1975, we develop and support software, services, devices, and solutions that deliver new value for customers 
and help people and businesses realize their full potential.  

We offer an array of services, including cloud-based solutions that provide customers with software, services, platforms, 
and content, and we provide solution support and consulting services. We also deliver relevant online advertising to a global 
audience.  

Our  products  include  operating  systems,  cross-device  productivity  and  collaboration  applications,  server  applications, 
business solution applications, desktop and server management tools, software development tools, and video games. We 
also  design  and  sell  devices,  including  PCs,  tablets,  gaming  and  entertainment  consoles,  other  intelligent  devices,  and 
related accessories.  

The Ambitions That Drive Us  

To achieve our vision, our research and development efforts focus on three interconnected ambitions:  

•  Reinvent productivity and business processes.  

10 

  
•  Build the intelligent cloud and intelligent edge platform.  

•  Create more personal computing.  

Reinvent Productivity and Business Processes  

At Microsoft, we provide technology and resources to help our customers create a secure, productive work environment. 
Our family of products plays a key role in the ways the world works, learns, and connects.  

Our growth depends on securely delivering continuous innovation and advancing our leading productivity and collaboration 
tools and services, including Office 365, Dynamics 365, and LinkedIn. Microsoft 365 brings together Office 365, Windows, 
and Enterprise Mobility + Security to help organizations empower their employees with AI-backed tools that unlock creativity, 
increase collaboration, and fuel innovation, all the while enabling compliance coverage and data protection. Microsoft Teams 
is a comprehensive platform for work, with meetings, calls, chat, collaboration, and business process automation. Microsoft 
Viva  is  an  employee  experience  platform  that  brings  together  communications,  knowledge,  learning,  resources,  and 
insights. Microsoft 365 Copilot combines next-generation AI with business data in the Microsoft Graph and Microsoft 365 
applications.  

Together with the Microsoft Cloud, Dynamics 365, Microsoft Teams, and our AI offerings bring a new era of collaborative 
applications that optimize business functions, processes, and applications to better serve customers and employees while 
creating more business value. Microsoft Power Platform is helping domain experts drive productivity gains with low-code/no-
code tools, robotic process automation, virtual agents, and business intelligence. In a dynamic labor market, LinkedIn is 
helping professionals use the platform to connect, learn, grow, and get hired.  

Build the Intelligent Cloud and Intelligent Edge Platform  

As digital transformation and adoption of AI accelerates and revolutionizes more business workstreams, organizations in 
every sector across the globe can address challenges that will have a fundamental impact on their success. For enterprises, 
digital technology empowers employees, optimizes operations, engages customers, and in some cases, changes the very 
core of products and services. We continue to invest in high performance and sustainable computing to meet the growing 
demand for fast access to Microsoft services provided by our network of cloud computing infrastructure and datacenters.  

Our cloud business benefits from three economies of scale: datacenters that deploy computational resources at significantly 
lower  cost  per  unit  than  smaller  ones;  datacenters  that  coordinate  and  aggregate  diverse  customer,  geographic,  and 
application  demand  patterns,  improving  the  utilization  of  computing,  storage,  and  network  resources;  and  multi-tenancy 
locations that lower application maintenance labor costs.  

The Microsoft Cloud provides the best integration across the technology stack while offering openness, improving time to 
value, reducing costs, and increasing agility. Being a global-scale cloud, Azure uniquely offers hybrid consistency, developer 
productivity, AI capabilities, and trusted security and compliance. We see more emerging use cases and needs for compute 
and security at the edge and are accelerating our innovation across the spectrum of intelligent edge devices, from Internet 
of Things (“IoT”) sensors to gateway devices and edge hardware to build, manage, and secure edge workloads.  

Our  AI  platform,  Azure  AI,  is  helping  organizations  transform,  bringing  intelligence  and  insights  to  the  hands  of  their 
employees and customers to solve their most pressing challenges. Organizations large and small are deploying Azure AI 
solutions to achieve more at scale, more easily, with the proper enterprise-level and responsible AI protections.  

We  have  a  long-term  partnership  with  OpenAI,  a  leading  AI  research  and  deployment  company.  We  deploy  OpenAI’s 
models across our consumer and enterprise products. As OpenAI’s exclusive cloud provider, Azure powers all of OpenAI’s 
workloads. We have also increased our investments in the development and deployment of specialized supercomputing 
systems to accelerate OpenAI’s research.  

Our  hybrid  infrastructure  offers  integrated,  end-to-end  security,  compliance,  identity,  and  management  capabilities  to 
support the real-world needs and evolving regulatory requirements of commercial customers and enterprises. Our industry 
clouds bring together capabilities across the entire Microsoft Cloud, along with industry-specific customizations. Azure Arc 
simplifies governance and management by delivering a consistent multi-cloud and on-premises management platform.  

Nuance, a leader in conversational AI and ambient intelligence across industries including healthcare, financial services, 
retail,  and  telecommunications, joined Microsoft  in  2022.  Microsoft  and  Nuance  enable  organizations  to  accelerate  their 
business goals with security-focused, cloud-based solutions infused with AI.  

11 

  
We  are  accelerating  our  development  of  mixed  reality  solutions  with  new  Azure  services  and  devices.  Microsoft  Mesh 
enables organizations to create custom, immersive experiences for the workplace to help bring remote and hybrid workers 
and teams together.  

The  ability to  convert  data into  AI  drives  our  competitive  advantage. The Microsoft Intelligent  Data  Platform is  a leading 
cloud  data  platform  that fully integrates  databases,  analytics,  and  governance. The  platform  empowers  organizations  to 
invest more time creating value rather than integrating and managing their data. Microsoft Fabric is an end-to-end, unified 
analytics platform that brings together all the data and analytics tools that organizations need.  

GitHub Copilot is at the forefront of AI-powered software development, giving developers a new tool to write code easier 
and faster so they can focus on more creative problem-solving. From GitHub to Visual Studio, we provide a developer tool 
chain for everyone, no matter the technical experience, across all platforms, whether Azure, Windows, or any other cloud 
or client platform.  

Windows also plays a critical role in fueling our cloud business with Windows 365, a desktop operating system that’s also 
a  cloud  service. From  another  internet-connected  device, including  Android  or macOS  devices,  users  can  run Windows 
365, just like a virtual machine.  

Additionally, we are extending our infrastructure beyond the planet, bringing cloud computing to space. Azure Orbital is a 
fully managed ground station as a service for fast downlinking of data.  

Create More Personal Computing  

We strive to make computing more personal, enabling users to interact with technology in more intuitive, engaging, and 
dynamic ways.  

Windows 11 offers innovations focused on enhancing productivity, including Windows Copilot with centralized AI assistance 
and Dev Home to help developers become more productive. Windows 11 security and privacy features include operating 
system security, application security, and user and identity security.  

Through our Search, News, Mapping, and Browser services, Microsoft delivers unique trust, privacy, and safety features. 
In February 2023, we launched an all new, AI-powered Microsoft Edge browser and Bing search engine with Bing Chat to 
deliver better search, more complete answers, and the ability to generate content. Microsoft Edge is our fast and secure 
browser that helps protect users’ data. Quick access to AI-powered tools, apps, and more within Microsoft Edge’s sidebar 
enhance browsing capabilities.  

We are committed to designing and marketing first-party devices to help drive innovation, create new device categories, 
and  stimulate  demand  in  the Windows  ecosystem. The  Surface family includes  Surface  Pro, Surface  Laptop,  and  other 
Surface products.  

Microsoft continues to invest in gaming content, community, and cloud services. We have broadened our approach to how 
we  think  about  gaming  end-to-end,  from  the  way  games  are  created  and  distributed  to  how  they  are  played,  including 
subscription services like Xbox Game Pass and new devices from third-party manufacturers so players can engage across 
PC,  console,  and  mobile.  In  January  2022,  we  announced  plans  to  acquire  Activision  Blizzard,  Inc.,  a  leader  in  game 
development and an interactive entertainment content publisher.  

Our Future Opportunity  

We are focused on helping customers use the breadth and depth of the Microsoft Cloud to get the most value out of their 
digital spend while leading the new AI wave across our solution areas. We continue to develop complete, intelligent solutions 
for our customers that empower people to be productive and collaborate, while safeguarding businesses and simplifying IT 
management. Our goal is to lead the industry in several distinct areas of technology over the long term, which we expect 
will translate to sustained growth. We are investing significant resources in:  

•  Transforming the workplace to deliver new modern, modular business applications, drive deeper insights, and 

improve how people communicate, collaborate, learn, work, and interact with one another.  

•  Building  and  running  cloud-based  services  in  ways  that  utilize  ubiquitous  computing  to  unleash  new 

experiences and opportunities for businesses and individuals.  

12 

  
•  Applying AI and ambient intelligence to drive insights, revolutionize many types of work, and provide substantive 

productivity gains using natural methods of communication.  

•  Tackling  security  from  all  angles  with  our  integrated,  end-to-end  solutions  spanning  security,  compliance, 

identity, and management, across all clouds and platforms.  

• 

Inventing  new  gaming  experiences  that  bring  people  together  around  their  shared  love  for  games  on  any 
devices and pushing the boundaries of innovation with console and PC gaming.  

•  Using Windows to fuel our cloud business, grow our share of the PC market, and drive increased engagement 
with our services like Microsoft 365 Consumer, Microsoft Teams, Microsoft Edge, Bing, Xbox Game Pass, and 
more.  

Our future  growth  depends  on  our  ability to  transcend  current  product  category  definitions,  business  models,  and  sales 
motions.  

Corporate Social Responsibility  

Commitment to Sustainability  

Microsoft’s approach to addressing climate change starts with the sustainability of our own business. In 2020, we committed 
to being a carbon negative, water positive, and zero waste company by 2030.  

In May 2023, we released our Environmental Sustainability Report which looked back at our progress during fiscal year 
2022. We continued to make progress on our goals, with our overall emissions declining by 0.5 percent. While our Scope 1 
and Scope 2 emissions continued to decline, Scope 3 emissions increased by 0.5 percent. Scope 3 represented 96 percent 
of  our  total  emissions,  resulting  primarily  from  the  operations  of  our  suppliers  and  the  use  of  our  products  across  our 
customers.  

A few examples of our continued progress include:  

•  Signed  new  power  purchase  agreements,  bringing  our  total  portfolio  of  carbon-free  energy  to  over  13.5 

gigawatts.  

•  Contracted for water replenishment projects that are estimated to provide more than 15.6 million cubic meters 

in volumetric water benefit over the lifetime of these projects.  

•  Diverted 12,159 metric tons of solid waste from landfills and incinerators across our direct operational footprint.  

•  Protected 12,270 acres of land in Belize – more than the 11,206 acres of land that we use around the world.  

Microsoft has a role to play in developing and advancing new climate solutions, but we recognize that no solution can be 
offered by any single company, organization, or government. Our approach helps to support the sustainability needs of our 
customers and the global community. Our Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability, an environmental sustainability management 
platform that includes Microsoft Sustainability Manager, enables organizations to record, report, and reduce their Scope 1, 
2, and 3 emissions. These digital tools can interoperate with business systems and unify data intelligence for organizations.  

Addressing Racial Injustice and Inequity  

We  are  committed  to  addressing  racial  injustice  and  inequity  in  the  United  States  for  Black  and  African  American 
communities and helping improve lived experiences at Microsoft, in employees’ communities, and beyond. Our Racial Equity 
Initiative focuses on three multi-year pillars, each containing actions and progress we expect to make or exceed by 2025.  

•  Strengthening  our  communities:  using  data,  technology,  and  partnerships  to  help improve  the  lives  of  Black 

and African American people in the United States, including our employees and their communities.  

•  Engaging  our  ecosystem:  using  our  balance  sheet  and  relationships  with  suppliers  and  partners  to  foster 

societal change and create new opportunities.  

• 

Increasing  representation  and  strengthening  inclusion:  building  on  our  momentum  by  adding  a  $150 million 
investment to  strengthen inclusion  and  double  the  number  of  Black,  African  American,  Hispanic,  and  Latinx 
leaders in the United States by 2025.  

13 

  
In fiscal year 2023, we collaborated with partners and worked within neighborhoods and communities to launch and scale 
a number of projects and programs, including:  

•  Working with 103 unique organizations in 165 cities and counties on our Justice Reform Initiative to empower 

communities and advance racial equity and fairness in the justice system.  

• 

Increasing  access  to  affordable  broadband,  devices,  and  digital  literacy  training  across  14  geographies, 
including 11 cities and three states in the Black Rural south.  

•  Growing our Nonprofit Tech Acceleration for Black and African American Communities program, which uses 
data, technology, and partnerships to help more than 2,000 local organizations to modernize and streamline 
operations.  

•  Expanding  our  Technology  Education  and  Learning  Support  (“TEALS”)  program  to  reach  nearly  400  high 
schools in 21 communities to increase computer science opportunities for Black and African American students.  

We exceeded our 2020 goal to double the percentage of our transaction volumes with Black- and African American-owned 
financial  institutions  by  2023. We  are  also  increasing investment  activity  with  Black-  and  African American-owned  asset 
managers, which now represent 45 percent of our external manager group, enabling increased funds into local communities. 
We  also  met  our  goal  of  creating  a  $100 million  program  focused  on  mission-driven  banks.  We  enriched  our  supplier 
pipeline, achieving our goal to spend $500 million with double the number of Black- and African American-owned suppliers. 
We  also  increased  the  number  of  identified  partners  in  the  Black  Partner  Growth  Initiative  by  more  than  250 percent, 
surpassing our initial goal.  

We have made meaningful progress on representation and inclusion at Microsoft. As of June 2023, we are 93 percent of 
the way to our 2025 commitment to double the number of Black and African American people managers in the U.S. (below 
director  level),  and  107 percent  of  the  way  for  Black  and  African  American  directors  (people  managers  and  individual 
contributors). We are 28 percent of the way for Hispanic and Latinx people managers (below director level) and 74 percent 
of the way for Hispanic and Latinx directors.  

Investing in Digital Skills  

After helping over 80 million jobseekers around the world access digital skilling resources, we introduced a new Skills for 
Jobs initiative to support a more skills-based labor market, with greater flexibility and accessible learning paths to develop 
the  right  skills  needed  for  the  most  in-demand  jobs.  Our  Skills  for  Jobs  initiative  brings  together  learning  resources, 
certification  opportunities,  and job-seeker  tools from  LinkedIn, GitHub,  and Microsoft  Learn,  and is  built  on  data insights 
drawn from LinkedIn’s Economic Graph.  

We also launched a national campaign to help skill and recruit 250,000 people into the cybersecurity workforce by 2025, 
representing half of the country’s workforce shortage. To that end, we are making curriculum available free of charge to all 
of the nation’s higher education institutions, providing training for new and existing faculty, and providing scholarships and 
supplemental  resources  to  25,000  students. We  have  expanded  the  cyber  skills initiative to  27  additional countries  that 
show elevated cyberthreat risks coupled with significant gaps in their cybersecurity workforces, partnering with nonprofits 
and other educational institutions to train the next generation of cybersecurity workers.  

Generative AI is creating unparalleled opportunities to empower workers globally, but only if everyone has the skills to use 
it. To address this, in June 2023 we launched a new AI Skills Initiative to help everyone learn how to harness the power of 
AI. This includes a new LinkedIn learning pathway offering new coursework on learning the foundations of generative AI. 
We also launched a new global grant challenge to uncover new ways of training workers on generative AI and are providing 
greater access to digital learning events and resources for everyone to improve their AI fluency.  

Overview  

HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES  

Microsoft aims to recruit, develop, and retain world-changing talent from a diversity of backgrounds. To foster their and our 
success,  we  seek  to  create  an  environment  where  people  can thrive  and  do  their  best  work. We  strive  to maximize the 
potential of our human capital resources by creating a respectful, rewarding, and inclusive work environment that enables 
our global employees to create products and services that further our mission.  

As of June 30, 2023, we employed approximately 221,000 people on a full-time basis, 120,000 in the U.S. and 101,000 
internationally.  Of  the  total  employed  people,  89,000  were  in  operations,  including  manufacturing,  distribution,  product 

14 

  
support, and consulting services; 72,000 were in product research and development; 45,000 were in sales and marketing; 
and 15,000 were in general and administration. Certain employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements.  

Our Culture  

Microsoft’s  culture  is  grounded  in  growth  mindset.  This  means  everyone  is  on  a  continuous  journey  to  learn  and  grow, 
operating as one company instead of multiple siloed businesses.  

Our  employee  listening  systems  enable  us  to  gather  feedback  directly  from  our  workforce  to  inform  our  programs  and 
employee needs globally. Employees participate in our Employee Signals surveys, which cover a variety of topics such as 
thriving, inclusion, team culture, wellbeing, and learning and development. We also collect Daily Signals employee survey 
responses, giving us real-time insights into ways we can support our employees. In addition to Employee Signals and Daily 
Signals  surveys,  we  gain  insights  through  onboarding,  exit  surveys,  internal  Viva  Engage  channels,  employee  Q&A 
sessions, and our internal AskHR Service support.  

Diversity  and  inclusion  are  core  to  our  business  model,  and  we  hold  ourselves  accountable  for  driving  global  systemic 
change in our workforce and creating an inclusive work environment. We support multiple highly active Employee Resource 
Groups for women, families, racial and ethnic minorities, military, people with disabilities, and employees who identify as 
LGBTQIA+,  where  employees  can  go for  support,  networking,  and  community-building.  As  described  in  our  2022  Proxy 
Statement,  annual  performance  and  compensation  reviews  of  our  senior  leadership  team  include  an  evaluation  of  their 
contributions to employee culture and diversity. To ensure accountability over time, we publicly disclose our progress on a 
multitude of workforce metrics including:  

•  Detailed breakdowns of gender, racial, and ethnic minority representation in our employee population, with data 

by job types, levels, and segments of our business.  

•  Our EEO-1 report (equal employment opportunity).  

•  Disability representation.  

•  Pay equity (see details below).  

Total Rewards and Pay Equity  

We develop dynamic, sustainable, market-driven, and strategic programs with the goal of providing a highly differentiated 
portfolio to attract, reward, and retain top talent and enable our employees to thrive. These programs reinforce our culture 
and values such as collaboration and growth mindset. Managers evaluate and recommend rewards based on, for example, 
how well we leverage the work of others and contribute to the success of our colleagues. We monitor pay equity and career 
progress across multiple dimensions. Our total compensation opportunity is highly differentiated and is market competitive.  

In order to manage our costs in a dynamic, competitive environment, in fiscal year 2023 we announced that base salaries 
of salaried employees would remain at fiscal year 2022 levels. Pay increases continue to be available for rewards-eligible 
hourly  and  equivalent  employees. We  will  continue  our  practice  of  investing in  stock for  all  rewards-eligible  employees, 
salaried and hourly, and investing in bonuses for all eligible employees.  

Since 2016, we have reported on pay equity as part of our annual Diversity and Inclusion report. In 2022, we reported that 
all  racial  and  ethnic  minority  employees  in  the  U.S.  combined  earn  $1.008  for  every  $1.000  earned  by  their  white 
counterparts,  that  women  in  the  U.S.  earn  $1.007 for every  $1.000  earned  by their  counterparts  who  are men,  and that 
women outside the U.S. earn $1.002 for every $1.000 earned by their counterparts outside the U.S. who are men. In this 
year’s report, we again expanded our pay equity data beyond the U.S. to report on 61 additional countries (up from 12 last 
year), representing 99.8% of our global Microsoft workforce.  

In  addition,  we  began  reporting  on  unadjusted  median  pay  in  our  annual  report,  comparing  total  pay  amounts  for  all 
employees regardless of factors such as job title, level, or tenure. For employees who are eligible for rewards, the analysis 
showed that total pay for women is 89.6% of total pay for men in the U.S. and 86.2% outside of the U.S., and total pay for 
racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is 89.9% of total pay for white employees. As we continue to increase representation 
for women and racial and ethnic minorities at more senior levels, and continue to ensure pay equity for all, the gap between 
the medians will reduce.  

Our  intended  result  is  a  global  performance  and  development  approach  that  fosters  our  culture,  and  competitive 
compensation that ensures equitable pay by role while supporting pay for performance.  

15 

Wellbeing and Hybrid Work  

Microsoft is committed to supporting our employees’ wellbeing while they are at work and in their personal lives. We have 
invested significantly in wellbeing, and offer a differentiated benefits package which includes many physical, emotional, and 
financial  wellness  programs  including  counseling  through  the  Microsoft  CARES  Employee  Assistance  Program,  mental 
wellbeing support, flexible fitness benefits, disability accommodations, savings and investment tools, adoption assistance, 
and back-up care for children and elders. Finally, our Occupational Health and Safety program helps ensure employees 
can stay safe while they are working.  

We introduced Hybrid Workplace Flexibility Guidance to better support leaders, managers, and employees in hybrid work 
scenarios. Our ongoing survey data shows that 93% of employees value the flexibility related to work location, work site, 
and work hours, and 78% are satisfied with the quality of connection with co-workers. There is no one-size-fits-all approach 
to flexible  work  at  Microsoft.  As  a  company,  we  will  continue  to  leverage  data  and  research  to  inform  decision making, 
balancing the needs of business, team, and individual.  

Learning and Development  

We offer a range of learning opportunities, including personalized opportunities on our internal and external learning portals, 
in-classroom learning, required learning on compliance and company culture, on-the-job advancement opportunities, and 
manager coaching. We also provide customized manager learning, new employee orientation, and tools for operating in a 
flexible hybrid work environment.  

All Microsoft employees globally access our single Viva Learning tool for both required and personal choice learning. This 
includes  courses  focused  on  our  core  principles  and  compliance  matters,  such  as  Business  Conduct,  Privacy,  Security 
Foundations, and Harassment Prevention. We also deliver skills training for employees based on their profession and role 
discipline.  

We  have  over  27,000  people  managers,  all  of  whom  must  complete  between  20-33  hours  of  compulsory  training  on 
leadership  and  management  and  are  assigned  additional  targeted  training  on  an  ongoing  basis  related  to  people 
management, compliance, and culture.  

OPERATING SEGMENTS  

We operate our business and report our financial performance using three segments: Productivity and Business Processes, 
Intelligent Cloud, and More Personal Computing. Our segments provide management with a comprehensive financial view 
of  our  key  businesses.  The  segments  enable  the  alignment  of  strategies  and  objectives  across  the  development,  sales, 
marketing, and services organizations, and they provide a framework for timely and rational allocation of resources within 
businesses.  

Additional  information  on  our  operating  segments  and  geographic  and  product  information  is  contained  in  Note  19  – 
Segment Information and Geographic Data of the Notes to Financial Statements.  

Our reportable segments are described below.  

Productivity and Business Processes  

Our  Productivity  and  Business  Processes  segment  consists  of  products  and  services  in  our  portfolio  of  productivity, 
communication, and information services, spanning a variety of devices and platforms. This segment primarily comprises:  

•  Office Commercial (Office 365 subscriptions, the Office 365 portion of Microsoft 365 Commercial subscriptions, 
and  Office  licensed  on-premises),  comprising  Office,  Exchange,  SharePoint,  Microsoft  Teams,  Office  365 
Security and Compliance, Microsoft Viva, and Microsoft 365 Copilot.  

•  Office  Consumer,  including  Microsoft  365  Consumer  subscriptions,  Office  licensed  on-premises,  and  other 

Office services.  

• 

LinkedIn, including Talent Solutions, Marketing Solutions, Premium Subscriptions, and Sales Solutions.  

16 

•  Dynamics business solutions, including Dynamics 365, comprising a set of intelligent, cloud-based applications 
across ERP, CRM (including Customer Insights), Power Apps, and Power Automate; and on-premises ERP 
and CRM applications.  

Office Commercial  

Office Commercial is designed to increase personal, team, and organizational productivity through a range of products and 
services. Growth depends on our ability to reach new users in new markets such as frontline workers, small and medium 
businesses,  and  growth  markets,  as  well  as  add  value  to  our  core  product  and  service  offerings  to  span  productivity 
categories such as communication, collaboration, analytics, security, and compliance. Office Commercial revenue is mainly 
affected  by  a  combination  of  continued  installed  base  growth  and  average  revenue  per  user  expansion,  as  well  as  the 
continued shift from Office licensed on-premises to Office 365.  

Office Consumer  

Office  Consumer is  designed  to  increase  personal  productivity  and  creativity through  a  range  of  products  and  services. 
Growth depends on our ability to reach new users, add value to our core product set, and continue to expand our product 
and service offerings into new markets. Office Consumer revenue is mainly affected by the percentage of customers that 
buy  Office  with  their  new  devices  and  the  continued  shift  from  Office  licensed  on-premises  to  Microsoft  365  Consumer 
subscriptions. Office Consumer Services revenue is mainly affected by the demand for communication and storage through 
Skype, Outlook.com, and OneDrive, which is largely driven by subscriptions, advertising, and the sale of minutes.  

LinkedIn  

LinkedIn  connects  the  world’s  professionals  to  make  them  more  productive  and  successful  and  transforms  the  way 
companies  hire,  market,  sell,  and  learn.  Our  vision  is  to  create  economic  opportunity  for  every  member  of  the  global 
workforce  through  the  ongoing  development  of  the  world’s  first  Economic  Graph,  a  digital  representation  of  the  global 
economy. In addition to LinkedIn’s free services, LinkedIn offers monetized solutions: Talent Solutions, Marketing Solutions, 
Premium Subscriptions,  and  Sales  Solutions.  Talent Solutions  provide insights  for  workforce  planning  and tools  to  hire, 
nurture, and develop talent. Talent Solutions also includes Learning Solutions, which help businesses close critical skills 
gaps  in  times  where  companies  are  having  to  do  more  with  existing  talent.  Marketing  Solutions  help  companies  reach, 
engage, and convert their audiences at scale. Premium Subscriptions enable professionals to manage their professional 
identity,  grow  their  network,  find  jobs,  and  connect  with  talent  through  additional  services  like  premium  search.  Sales 
Solutions  help  companies  strengthen  customer  relationships,  empower  teams  with  digital  selling tools,  and acquire  new 
opportunities. LinkedIn has over 950 million members and has offices around the globe. Growth will depend on our ability 
to increase the number of LinkedIn members and our ability to continue offering services that provide value for our members 
and  increase  their  engagement.  LinkedIn  revenue  is  mainly  affected  by  demand  from  enterprises  and  professional 
organizations  for  subscriptions  to  Talent  Solutions,  Sales  Solutions,  and  Premium  Subscriptions  offerings,  as  well  as 
member engagement and the quality of the sponsored content delivered to those members to drive Marketing Solutions.  

Dynamics  

Dynamics  provides  cloud-based  and  on-premises  business  solutions  for  financial  management,  enterprise  resource 
planning  (“ERP”),  customer  relationship  management  (“CRM”),  supply  chain  management,  and  other  application 
development platforms for small and medium businesses, large organizations, and divisions of global enterprises. Dynamics 
revenue is driven by the number of users licensed and applications consumed, expansion of average revenue per user, and 
the continued shift to Dynamics 365, a unified set of cloud-based intelligent business applications, including Power Apps 
and Power Automate.  

Competition  

Competitors to Office include software and global application vendors, such as Apple, Cisco Systems, Meta, Google, Okta, 
Proofpoint,  Slack,  Symantec,  Zoom,  and  numerous  web-based  and  mobile  application  competitors  as  well  as  local 
application  developers.  Apple  distributes  versions  of  its  pre-installed  application  software,  such  as  email  and  calendar 
products, through its PCs, tablets, and phones. Cisco Systems is using its position in enterprise communications equipment 
to grow its unified communications business. Meta offers communication tools to enable productivity and engagement within 
organizations.  Google  provides  a  hosted  messaging  and  productivity  suite.  Slack  provides  teamwork  and  collaboration 
software.  Zoom  offers  videoconferencing  and  cloud  phone  solutions.  Okta,  Proofpoint,  and  Symantec  provide  security 

17 

solutions  across  email  security,  information  protection,  identity,  and  governance.  Web-based  offerings  competing  with 
individual  applications  have  also  positioned  themselves  as  alternatives  to  our  products  and  services.  We  compete  by 
providing powerful, flexible, secure, integrated industry-specific, and easy-to-use productivity and collaboration tools and 
services that create comprehensive solutions and work well with technologies our customers already have both on-premises 
or in the cloud.  

LinkedIn faces competition from online professional networks, recruiting companies, talent management companies, and 
larger companies that are focusing on talent management and human resource services; job boards; traditional recruiting 
firms;  and companies  that  provide learning  and  development  products  and  services.  Marketing  Solutions  competes  with 
online and offline outlets that generate revenue from advertisers and marketers, and Sales Solutions competes with online 
and offline outlets for companies with lead generation and customer intelligence and insights.  

Dynamics competes with cloud-based and on-premises business solution providers such as Oracle, Salesforce, and SAP.  

Intelligent Cloud  

Our Intelligent Cloud segment consists of our public, private, and hybrid server products and cloud services that can power 
modern business and developers. This segment primarily comprises:  

•  Server products and cloud services, including Azure and other cloud services; SQL Server, Windows Server, 

Visual Studio, System Center, and related Client Access Licenses (“CALs”); and Nuance and GitHub.  

•  Enterprise Services, including Enterprise Support Services, Industry Solutions (formerly Microsoft Consulting 

Services), and Nuance professional services.  

Server Products and Cloud Services  

Azure is a comprehensive set of cloud services that offer developers, IT professionals, and enterprises freedom to build, 
deploy,  and  manage  applications  on  any  platform  or  device.  Customers  can  use  Azure  through  our  global  network  of 
datacenters  for  computing,  networking,  storage,  mobile  and  web  application  services,  AI,  IoT,  cognitive  services,  and 
machine learning. Azure enables customers to devote more resources to development and use of applications that benefit 
their  organizations,  rather  than  managing  on-premises  hardware  and  software.  Azure  revenue  is  mainly  affected  by 
infrastructure-as-a-service  and  platform-as-a-service  consumption-based  services,  and  per  user-based  services  such  as 
Enterprise Mobility + Security.  

Azure  AI  offerings  provide  a  competitive  advantage  as  companies  seek  ways  to  optimize  and  scale  their  business  with 
machine  learning.  Azure’s  purpose-built,  AI-optimized  infrastructure  allows  advanced  models,  including  GPT-4  services 
designed  for  developers  and  data  scientists, to  do more  with less.  Customers  can integrate  large  language models  and 
develop the next generation of AI apps and services.  

Our server products are designed to make IT professionals, developers, and their systems more productive and efficient. 
Server software is integrated server infrastructure and middleware designed to support software applications built on the 
Windows  Server  operating  system.  This  includes  the  server  platform,  database,  business  intelligence,  storage, 
management and operations, virtualization, service-oriented architecture platform, security, and identity software. We also 
license  standalone  and  software  development  lifecycle  tools  for  software  architects,  developers,  testers,  and  project 
managers. Server products revenue is mainly affected by purchases through volume licensing programs, licenses sold to 
original  equipment  manufacturers  (“OEM”),  and  retail  packaged  products.  CALs  provide  access  rights  to  certain  server 
products, including SQL Server and Windows Server, and revenue is reported along with the associated server product.  

Nuance and GitHub include both cloud and on-premises offerings. Nuance provides healthcare and enterprise AI solutions. 
GitHub provides a collaboration platform and code hosting service for developers.  

Enterprise Services  

Enterprise Services, including Enterprise Support Services, Industry Solutions, and Nuance Professional Services, assist 
customers  in  developing,  deploying,  and managing Microsoft  server  solutions,  Microsoft  desktop  solutions, and  Nuance 
conversational  AI  and  ambient  intelligent  solutions,  along  with  providing  training  and  certification  to  developers  and  IT 
professionals on various Microsoft products.  

18 

  
Competition  

Azure  faces  diverse  competition  from  companies  such  as  Amazon,  Google,  IBM,  Oracle,  VMware,  and  open  source 
offerings. Azure’s competitive advantage includes enabling a hybrid cloud, allowing deployment of existing datacenters with 
our public cloud into a single, cohesive infrastructure, and the ability to run at a scale that meets the needs of businesses 
of  all  sizes  and  complexities.  Our  AI  offerings  compete  with  AI  products  from  hyperscalers  such  as  Amazon  Bedrock, 
Amazon  CodeWhisperer,  and Google AI,  as  well  as  products  from  other  emerging  competitors, many  of  which  are  also 
current or potential partners, including Meta’s LLaMA2 and other open source solutions. Our Enterprise Mobility + Security 
offerings also compete with products from a range of competitors including identity vendors, security solution vendors, and 
numerous  other  security  point  solution vendors. We  believe  our  cloud’s  global  scale, coupled  with  our  broad  portfolio  of 
identity  and  security  solutions,  allows  us  to  effectively  solve  complex  cybersecurity  challenges  for  our  customers  and 
differentiates us from the competition.  

Our server products face competition from a wide variety of server operating systems and applications offered by companies 
with a range of market approaches. Vertically integrated computer manufacturers such as Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Oracle 
offer their own versions of the Unix operating system preinstalled on server hardware. Nearly all computer manufacturers 
offer server hardware for the Linux operating system, and many contribute to Linux operating system development. The 
competitive position of Linux has also benefited from the large number of compatible applications now produced by many 
commercial and non-commercial software developers. A number of companies, such as Red Hat, supply versions of Linux.  

We  compete  to  provide  enterprise-wide  computing  solutions  and  point  solutions  with  numerous  commercial  software 
vendors that offer solutions and middleware technology platforms, software applications for connectivity (both Internet and 
intranet), security, hosting, database, and e-business servers. IBM and Oracle lead a group of companies focused on the 
Java Platform Enterprise Edition that competes with our enterprise-wide computing solutions. Commercial competitors for 
our server applications for PC-based distributed client-server environments include CA Technologies, IBM, and Oracle. Our 
web  application  platform  software  competes  with  open  source  software  such  as  Apache,  Linux,  MySQL,  and  PHP.  In 
middleware, we compete against Java vendors.  

Our database, business intelligence, and data warehousing solutions offerings compete with products from IBM, Oracle, 
SAP, Snowflake, and other companies. Our system management solutions compete with server management and server 
virtualization  platform  providers,  such  as  BMC,  CA  Technologies,  Hewlett-Packard, IBM,  and  VMware. Our products  for 
software  developers  compete  against  offerings  from  Adobe,  IBM,  Oracle,  and  other  companies,  and  also  against  open 
source projects, including Eclipse (sponsored by CA Technologies, IBM, Oracle, and SAP), PHP, and Ruby on Rails.  

We  believe  our  server  products  provide  customers  with  advantages  in  performance,  total  costs  of  ownership,  and 
productivity by delivering superior applications, development tools, compatibility with a broad base of hardware and software 
applications, security, and manageability.  

Our Enterprise Services business competes with a wide range of companies that provide strategy and business planning, 
application development, and infrastructure services, including multinational consulting firms and small niche businesses 
focused on specific technologies.  

More Personal Computing  

Our More Personal Computing segment consists of products and services that put customers at the center of the experience 
with our technology. This segment primarily comprises:  

•  Windows, including Windows OEM licensing (“Windows OEM”) and other non-volume licensing of the Windows 
operating  system;  Windows  Commercial,  comprising  volume  licensing  of  the  Windows  operating  system, 
Windows cloud services, and other Windows commercial offerings; patent licensing; and Windows IoT.  

•  Devices, including Surface, HoloLens, and PC accessories.  

•  Gaming,  including  Xbox  hardware  and  Xbox  content  and  services,  comprising  first-  and  third-party  content 
(including  games  and  in-game  content),  Xbox  Game  Pass  and  other  subscriptions,  Xbox  Cloud  Gaming, 
advertising, third-party disc royalties, and other cloud services.  

•  Search  and  news  advertising,  comprising  Bing  (including  Bing  Chat),  Microsoft  News,  Microsoft  Edge,  and 

third-party affiliates.  

19 

  
Windows  

The  Windows  operating  system  is  designed  to  deliver  a  more  personal  computing  experience  for  users  by  enabling 
consistency  of  experience,  applications,  and  information  across  their  devices.  Windows  OEM  revenue  is  impacted 
significantly by the number of Windows operating system licenses purchased by OEMs, which they pre-install on the devices 
they sell. In addition to computing device market volume, Windows OEM revenue is impacted by:  

•  The mix of computing devices based on form factor and screen size.  

•  Differences in device market demand between developed markets and growth markets.  

•  Attachment of Windows to devices shipped.  

•  Customer mix between consumer, small and medium businesses, and large enterprises.  

•  Changes in inventory levels in the OEM channel.  

•  Pricing changes and promotions, pricing variation that occurs when the mix of devices manufactured shifts from 
local  and  regional  system  builders  to  large  multinational  OEMs,  and  different  pricing  of  Windows  versions 
licensed.  

•  Constraints in the supply chain of device components.  

•  Piracy.  

Windows  Commercial  revenue,  which  includes  volume  licensing  of  the Windows  operating  system  and  Windows  cloud 
services such as Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, is affected mainly by the demand from commercial customers for volume 
licensing  and  Software  Assurance  (“SA”),  as  well  as  advanced  security  offerings.  Windows  Commercial  revenue  often 
reflects the number of information workers in a licensed enterprise and is relatively independent of the number of PCs sold 
in a given year.  

Patent licensing includes our programs to license patents we own for use across a broad array of technology areas, including 
mobile devices and cloud offerings.  

Windows  IoT  extends  the  power  of  Windows  and  the  cloud  to  intelligent  systems  by  delivering  specialized  operating 
systems, tools, and services for use in embedded devices.  

Devices  

We design and sell devices, including Surface, HoloLens, and PC accessories. Our devices are designed to enable people 
and organizations to connect to the people and content that matter most using Windows and integrated Microsoft products 
and services. Surface is designed to help organizations, students, and consumers be more productive. Growth in Devices 
is dependent on total PC shipments, the ability to attract new customers, our product roadmap, and expanding into new 
categories.  

Gaming  

Our gaming platform is designed to provide a variety of entertainment through a unique combination of content, community, 
and cloud services. Our exclusive game content is created through Xbox Game Studios, a collection of first-party studios 
creating iconic and differentiated gaming experiences. We continue to invest in new gaming studios and content to expand 
our intellectual property roadmap and leverage new content creators. These unique gaming experiences are the cornerstone 
of Xbox Game Pass, a subscription service and gaming community with access to a curated library of over 400 first- and 
third-party console and PC titles.  

The gamer remains at the heart of the Xbox ecosystem. We are identifying new opportunities to attract gamers across a 
variety of different end points through our first- and third-party content and business diversification across subscriptions, 
ads, and digital stores. We’ve seen new devices from third-party manufacturers along with key PC and mobile end points 
that help us empower gamers to play in a way that is most convenient to them. We are focused on growing the platform 
and expanding to new ecosystems to engage as many gamers as possible.  

Xbox enables people to connect and share online gaming experiences that are accessible on Xbox consoles, Windows-
enabled  devices,  and  other  devices. Xbox  is  designed  to  benefit  users  by  providing  access  to  a  network  of  certified 
applications and services and to benefit our developer and partner ecosystems by providing access to a large customer 

20 

base. Xbox revenue is mainly affected by subscriptions and sales of first- and third-party content, as well as advertising. 
Growth of our Gaming business is determined by the overall active user base through Xbox enabled content, availability of 
games, providing exclusive game content that gamers seek, the computational power and reliability of the devices used to 
access our content and services, and the ability to create new experiences through first-party content creators.  

Search and News Advertising  

Our Search and news advertising business is designed to deliver relevant search, native, and display advertising to a global 
audience. Our Microsoft Edge browser and Bing Chat capabilities are key tools to enable user acquisition and engagement, 
while our technology platform enables accelerated delivery of digital advertising solutions. In addition to first-party tools, we 
have  several  partnerships  with  companies,  such  as  Yahoo,  through  which  we  provide  and  monetize  search  offerings. 
Growth depends on our ability to attract new users, understand intent, and match intent with relevant content on advertising 
offerings.  

Competition  

Windows faces competition from various software products and from alternative platforms and devices, mainly from Apple 
and Google. We believe Windows competes effectively by giving customers choice, value, flexibility, security, an easy-to-
use  interface,  and  compatibility  with  a  broad  range  of  hardware  and  software  applications,  including  those  that  enable 
productivity.  

Devices face competition from various computer, tablet, and hardware manufacturers who offer a unique combination of 
high-quality industrial design and innovative technologies across various price points. These manufacturers, many of which 
are also current or potential partners and customers, include Apple and our Windows OEMs.  

Xbox  and  our  cloud  gaming  services  face  competition  from  various  online  gaming  ecosystems  and  game  streaming 
services,  including  those  operated  by  Amazon,  Apple,  Meta,  and  Tencent.  We  also  compete  with  other  providers  of 
entertainment  services  such  as  video  streaming  platforms.  Our  gaming  platform  competes  with  console  platforms  from 
Nintendo and Sony, both of which have a large, established base of customers. We believe our gaming platform is effectively 
positioned against, and uniquely differentiated from, competitive products and services based on significant innovation in 
hardware  architecture,  user  interface,  developer  tools,  online  gaming  and  entertainment  services,  and  continued  strong 
exclusive content from our own first-party game franchises as well as other digital content offerings.  

Our Search and news advertising business competes with Google and a wide array of websites, social platforms like Meta, 
and portals that provide content and online offerings to end users.  

OPERATIONS  

We have regional operations service centers that support our operations, including customer contract and order processing, 
billing, credit and collections, information processing, and vendor management and logistics. The center in Ireland supports 
the  African,  Asia-Pacific,  European,  and  Middle  East  regions;  and  the  centers  in  Arlington,  Virginia,  Atlanta,  Georgia, 
Charlotte,  North  Carolina,  Fargo,  North  Dakota,  Fort  Lauderdale,  Florida,  Redmond,  Washington,  Reno,  Nevada,  and 
Puerto Rico support the American regions.  

In addition to our operations centers, we also operate datacenters throughout each of these regions. We continue to identify 
and evaluate opportunities to expand our datacenter locations and increase our server capacity to meet the evolving needs 
of  our  customers,  particularly  given  the  growing  demand  for  AI  services.  Our  datacenters  depend  on  the  availability  of 
permitted  and  buildable  land,  predictable  energy,  networking  supplies,  and  servers,  including  graphics  processing  units 
(“GPUs”) and other components.  

Our devices are primarily manufactured by third-party contract manufacturers. For the majority of our products, we have the 
ability to use other manufacturers if a current vendor becomes unavailable or unable to meet our requirements. However, 
some of our products contain certain components for which there are very few qualified suppliers. Extended disruptions at 
these suppliers could impact our ability to manufacture devices on time to meet consumer demand.  

21 

Product and Service Development, and Intellectual Property  

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT  

We develop most of our products and services internally through the following engineering groups.  

•  Cloud and AI – focuses on making IT professionals, developers, partners, independent software vendors, and 
their systems more productive and efficient through development of Azure AI platform and cloud infrastructure, 
server,  database,  CRM,  ERP,  software  development  tools  and  services  (including  GitHub),  AI  cognitive 
services, and other business process applications and services for enterprises.  

•  Strategic  Missions  and Technologies  – focuses  on  incubating  technical  products  and  support  solutions  with 
transformative  potential  for  the  future  of  cloud  computing  and  continued  company  growth  across  quantum 
computing,  Azure  Space &  Missions  Engineering,  telecommunications,  and  Microsoft  Federal  Sales  and 
Delivery.  

•  Experiences  and  Devices  –  focuses  on  delivering  high  value  end-user  experiences  across  our  products, 
services, and devices, including Microsoft 365, Windows, Microsoft Teams, Search (including Microsoft Edge 
and Bing Chat) and other advertising-based services, and the Surface line of devices.  

•  Microsoft Security – focuses on  delivering a comprehensive portfolio of services that protect our customers’ 
digital infrastructure through cloud platform and application security, data protection and governance, identity 
and network access, and device management.   

•  Technology and Research – focuses on fundamental research, product and business incubations, and forward-

looking AI innovations that span infrastructure, services, and applications.  

• 

LinkedIn – focuses on our services that transform the way professionals grow their network and find jobs and 
the way businesses hire, market, sell, and learn.  

•  Gaming – focuses on developing hardware, content, and services across a large range of platforms to help 

grow our user base through game experiences and social interaction.  

Internal  development  allows  us  to  maintain  competitive  advantages  that  come  from  product  differentiation  and  closer 
technical  control  over  our  products  and  services.  It  also  gives  us  the  freedom  to  decide  which  modifications  and 
enhancements  are  most  important  and  when  they  should  be  implemented.  We  strive  to  obtain  information  as  early  as 
possible  about  changing  usage  patterns  and  hardware  advances  that may  affect  software  and  hardware  design.  Before 
releasing new software platforms, and as we make significant modifications to existing platforms, we provide application 
vendors with a range of resources and guidelines for development, training, and testing. Generally, we also create product 
documentation internally.  

We protect our intellectual property investments in a variety of ways. We work actively in the U.S. and internationally to 
ensure the enforcement of copyright, trademark, trade secret, and other protections that apply to our software and hardware 
products, services, business plans, and branding. We are a leader among technology companies in pursuing patents and 
currently have a portfolio of over 70,000 U.S. and international patents issued and over 19,000 pending worldwide. While 
we employ much of our internally-developed intellectual property in our products and services, we also engage in outbound 
licensing of specific patented technologies that are incorporated into licensees’ products. From time to time, we enter into 
broader  cross-license  agreements  with  other  technology  companies  covering  entire  groups  of  patents.  We  may  also 
purchase or license technology that we incorporate into our products and services. At times, we make select intellectual 
property  broadly  available  at  no  or  low  cost  to  achieve  a  strategic  objective,  such  as  promoting  industry  standards, 
advancing  interoperability,  supporting  societal  and/or  environmental  efforts,  or  attracting  and  enabling  our  external 
development community. Our increasing engagement with open source software will also cause us to license our intellectual 
property rights broadly in certain situations.  

While it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of our products and services, 
we believe, based upon past experience and industry practice, such licenses generally can be obtained on commercially 
reasonable terms. We believe our continuing research and product development are not materially dependent on any single 
license or other agreement with a third party relating to the development of our products.  

Investing in the Future  

Our  success  is  based  on  our  ability to  create  new  and  compelling  products,  services,  and  experiences  for our  users,  to 
initiate and embrace disruptive technology trends, to enter new geographic and product markets, and to drive broad adoption 

22 

  
of our products and services. We invest in a range of emerging technology trends and breakthroughs that we believe offer 
significant opportunities to deliver value to our customers and growth for the company. Based on our assessment of key 
technology  trends,  we  maintain  our  long-term  commitment  to  research  and  development  across  a  wide  spectrum  of 
technologies, tools, and platforms spanning digital work and life experiences, cloud computing, AI, devices, and operating 
systems.  

While our main product research and development facilities are located in Redmond, Washington, we also operate research 
and development facilities in other parts of the U.S. and around the world. This global approach helps us remain competitive 
in local markets and enables us to continue to attract top talent from across the world.  

We plan to continue to make significant investments in a broad range of product research and development activities, and 
as appropriate we will coordinate our research and development across operating segments and leverage the results across 
the company. 

In addition to our main research and development operations, we also operate Microsoft Research. Microsoft Research is 
one of the world’s largest corporate research organizations, often working in close collaboration with top universities around 
the world, and is focused on advancing the state-of-the-art in computer science and a broad range of other disciplines. Our 
investment in fundamental research provides us a unique perspective on future trends and contributes to our innovation.  

DISTRIBUTION, SALES, AND MARKETING  

We market  and  distribute  our  products  and  services  through  the  following  channels:  OEMs,  direct,  and  distributors  and 
resellers. Our sales organization performs a variety of functions, including working directly with commercial enterprises and 
public-sector  organizations  worldwide  to  identify  and  meet  their  technology  and  digital  transformation  requirements; 
managing OEM relationships; and supporting system integrators, independent software vendors, and other partners who 
engage directly with our customers to perform sales, consulting, and fulfillment functions for our products and services.  

OEMs  

We distribute our products and services through OEMs that pre-install our software on new devices and servers they sell. 
The largest component of the OEM business is the Windows operating system pre-installed on devices. OEMs also sell 
devices pre-installed with other Microsoft products and services, including applications such as Office and the capability to 
subscribe to Office 365.  

There are two broad categories of OEMs. The largest category of OEMs are direct OEMs as our relationship with them is 
managed through a direct agreement between Microsoft and the OEM. We have distribution agreements covering one or 
more  of  our  products  with virtually  all  the  multinational  OEMs,  including  Dell,  Hewlett-Packard,  Lenovo,  and  with  many 
regional  and  local  OEMs. The  second  broad  category  of  OEMs  are  system  builders  consisting  of  lower-volume  PC 
manufacturers, which source Microsoft software for pre-installation and local redistribution primarily through the Microsoft 
distributor channel rather than through a direct agreement or relationship with Microsoft.  

Direct  

Many  organizations  that license  our  products  and  services  transact  directly  with  us  through  Enterprise  Agreements  and 
Enterprise Services contracts, with sales support from system integrators, independent software vendors, web agencies, 
and partners that advise organizations on licensing our products and services (“Enterprise Agreement Software Advisors” 
or “ESA”). Microsoft offers direct sales programs targeted to reach small, medium, and corporate customers, in addition to 
those offered through the reseller channel. A large network of partner advisors support many of these sales.  

We also sell commercial and consumer products and services directly to customers, such as cloud services, search, and 
gaming, through our digital marketplaces and online stores. Additionally, our Microsoft Experience Centers are designed to 
facilitate deeper engagement with our partners and customers across industries.  

Distributors and Resellers  

Organizations  also  license  our  products  and  services  indirectly,  primarily  through  licensing  solution  partners  (“LSP”), 
distributors, value-added resellers (“VAR”), and retailers. Although each type of reselling partner may reach organizations 
of all sizes, LSPs are primarily engaged with large organizations, distributors resell primarily to VARs, and VARs typically 

23 

  
reach small and medium organizations. ESAs are also typically authorized as LSPs and operate as resellers for our other 
volume licensing programs. Microsoft Cloud Solution Provider is our main partner program for reselling cloud services.  

We distribute our retail packaged products primarily through independent non-exclusive distributors, authorized replicators, 
resellers, and retail outlets. Individual consumers obtain these products primarily through retail outlets. We distribute our 
devices through third-party retailers. We have a network of field sales representatives and field support personnel that solicit 
orders from distributors and resellers and provide product training and sales support.  

Our Dynamics business solutions are also licensed to enterprises through a global network of channel partners providing 
vertical solutions and specialized services.  

LICENSING OPTIONS  

We  offer  options for  organizations  that  want  to  purchase  our  cloud  services,  on-premises  software,  and  SA. We license 
software to organizations under volume licensing agreements to allow the customer to acquire multiple licenses of products 
and services instead of having to acquire separate licenses through retail channels. We use different programs designed to 
provide flexibility for organizations of various sizes. While these programs may differ in various parts of the world, generally 
they include those discussed below.  

SA conveys rights to new software and upgrades for perpetual licenses released over the contract period. It also provides 
support, tools, training, and other licensing benefits to help customers deploy and use software efficiently. SA is included 
with certain volume licensing agreements and is an optional purchase with others.  

Volume Licensing Programs  

Enterprise Agreement  

Enterprise Agreements offer large organizations a manageable volume licensing program that gives them the flexibility to 
buy cloud services and software licenses under one agreement. Enterprise Agreements are designed for medium or large 
organizations  that  want  to  license  cloud  services  and  on-premises  software  organization-wide  over  a  three-year  period. 
Organizations can elect to purchase perpetual licenses or subscribe to licenses. SA is included.  

Microsoft Customer Agreement  

A  Microsoft  Customer  Agreement is  a  simplified  purchase  agreement  presented,  accepted,  and  stored  through  a  digital 
experience. A Microsoft Customer Agreement is a non-expiring agreement that is designed to support all customers over 
time, whether purchasing through a partner or directly from Microsoft.  

Microsoft Online Subscription Agreement  

A  Microsoft  Online  Subscription  Agreement  is  designed  for  small  and  medium  organizations  that  want  to  subscribe  to, 
activate, provision, and maintain cloud services seamlessly and directly via the web. The agreement allows customers to 
acquire monthly or annual subscriptions for cloud-based services.  

Microsoft Products and Services Agreement  

Microsoft Products and Services Agreements are designed for medium and large organizations that want to license cloud 
services  and  on-premises  software  as  needed,  with  no  organization-wide  commitment,  under  a  single,  non-expiring 
agreement. Organizations purchase perpetual licenses or subscribe to licenses. SA is optional for customers that purchase 
perpetual licenses.  

Open Value  

Open Value agreements are a simple, cost-effective way to acquire the latest Microsoft technology. These agreements are 
designed for small and medium organizations that want to license cloud services and on-premises software over a three-
year period. Under Open Value agreements, organizations can elect to purchase perpetual licenses or subscribe to licenses 
and SA is included.  

24 

  
Select Plus  

A Select Plus agreement is designed for government and academic organizations to acquire on-premises licenses at any 
affiliate  or  department  level,  while  realizing  advantages  as  one  organization.  Organizations  purchase  perpetual licenses 
and SA is optional.  

Partner Programs  

The Microsoft Cloud Solution Provider Program offers customers an easy way to license the cloud services they need in 
combination with the value-added services offered by their systems integrator, managed services provider, or cloud reseller 
partner. Partners in this program can easily package their own products and  services to directly provision, manage, and 
support their customer subscriptions.  

The Microsoft Services Provider License Agreement allows hosting service providers and independent software vendors 
who want to license eligible Microsoft software products to provide software services and hosted applications to their end 
customers. Partners license software over a three-year period and are billed monthly based on consumption.  

The Independent Software Vendor Royalty Program enables partners to integrate Microsoft products into other applications 
and then license the unified business solution to their end users.  

CUSTOMERS  

Our  customers  include  individual  consumers,  small  and  medium  organizations,  large  global  enterprises,  public-sector 
institutions,  Internet  service  providers,  application  developers,  and  OEMs. Our  practice  is  to  ship  our  products  promptly 
upon receipt of purchase orders from customers; consequently, backlog is not significant.  

AVAILABLE INFORMATION  

Our  Internet  address  is  www.microsoft.com.  At  our  Investor  Relations  website,  www.microsoft.com/investor,  we  make 
available free of charge a variety of information for investors. Our goal is to maintain the Investor Relations website as a 
portal through which investors can easily find or navigate to pertinent information about us, including:  

•  Our  annual  report  on  Form  10-K,  quarterly  reports  on  Form  10-Q,  current  reports  on  Form  8-K,  and  any 
amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with 
or furnish it to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) at www.sec.gov.  

• 

Information on our business strategies, financial results, and metrics for investors.  

•  Announcements of investor conferences, speeches, and events at which our executives talk about our product, 

service, and competitive strategies. Archives of these events are also available.  

•  Press  releases  on  quarterly  earnings,  product  and  service  announcements,  legal  developments,  and 

international news.  

•  Corporate  governance  information  including  our  articles  of  incorporation,  bylaws,  governance  guidelines, 
committee  charters,  codes  of  conduct  and  ethics,  global  corporate  social  responsibility initiatives,  and  other 
governance-related policies.  

•  Other  news  and  announcements  that  we  may  post  from  time  to  time  that  investors  might  find  useful  or 

interesting.  

•  Opportunities to sign up for email alerts to have information pushed in real time.  

We publish a variety of reports and resources related to our Corporate Social Responsibility programs and progress on our 
Reports  Hub  website,  www.microsoft.com/corporate-responsibility/reports-hub,  including  reports  on  sustainability, 
responsible sourcing, accessibility, digital trust, and public policy engagement.  

The information found on these websites is not part of, or incorporated by reference into, this or any other report we file 
with, or furnish to, the SEC. In addition to these channels, we use social media to communicate to the public. It is possible 
that the information we post on social media could be deemed to be material to investors. We encourage investors, the 
media,  and  others  interested  in  Microsoft  to  review  the  information  we  post  on  the  social  media  channels  listed  on  our 
Investor Relations website.  

25 

  
26 

  
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 
OPERATIONS  

The  following  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  (“MD&A”)  is 
intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Microsoft Corporation. MD&A is 
provided  as  a  supplement  to,  and  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with,  our  consolidated  financial  statements  and  the 
accompanying Notes to Financial Statements. This section generally discusses the results of our operations for the year 
ended  June 30,  2023  compared  to  the  year  ended  June 30,  2022.  For  a  discussion  of  the  year  ended  June 30,  2022 
compared to the year ended June 30, 2021, please refer to, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 
and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2022.  

OVERVIEW  

Microsoft  is  a technology  company  whose  mission  is  to  empower  every  person  and  every  organization  on  the  planet to 
achieve more. We strive to create local opportunity, growth, and impact in every country around the world. We are creating 
the platforms and tools, powered by artificial intelligence (“AI”), that deliver better, faster, and more effective solutions to 
support small and large business competitiveness, improve educational and health outcomes, grow public-sector efficiency, 
and empower human ingenuity.  

We  generate  revenue  by  offering  a  wide  range  of  cloud-based  solutions,  content,  and  other  services  to  people  and 
businesses;  licensing  and  supporting  an  array  of  software  products;  delivering  relevant  online  advertising  to  a  global 
audience;  and  designing  and  selling  devices.  Our  most  significant  expenses  are  related  to  compensating  employees; 
supporting and investing in our cloud-based services, including datacenter operations; designing, manufacturing, marketing, 
and selling our other products and services; and income taxes.  

Highlights from fiscal year 2023 compared with fiscal year 2022 included:  

•  Microsoft Cloud revenue increased 22% to $111.6 billion.  

•  Office  Commercial  products  and  cloud  services  revenue  increased  10%  driven  by  Office  365  Commercial 

growth of 13%.  

•  Office Consumer products and cloud services revenue increased 2% and Microsoft 365 Consumer subscribers 

increased to 67.0 million.  

• 

LinkedIn revenue increased 10%.  

•  Dynamics products and cloud services revenue increased 16% driven by Dynamics 365 growth of 24%.  

•  Server products and cloud services revenue increased 19% driven by Azure and other cloud services growth 

of 29%.  

•  Windows original equipment manufacturer licensing (“Windows OEM”) revenue decreased 25%.  

•  Devices revenue decreased 24%.  

•  Windows Commercial products and cloud services revenue increased 5%.  

•  Xbox content and services revenue decreased 3%.  

•  Search and news advertising revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs increased 11%.  

Industry Trends  

Our industry is  dynamic  and  highly competitive,  with frequent  changes  in  both technologies  and  business  models.  Each 
industry  shift  is  an  opportunity  to  conceive  new  products,  new  technologies,  or  new  ideas  that  can further transform the 
industry and our business. At Microsoft, we push the boundaries of what is possible through a broad range of research and 
development activities that seek to identify and address the changing demands of customers and users, industry trends, 
and competitive forces.  

Economic Conditions, Challenges, and Risks  

The  markets  for  software,  devices,  and  cloud-based  services  are  dynamic  and  highly  competitive.  Our  competitors  are 
developing new software and devices, while also deploying competing cloud-based services for consumers and businesses. 

27 

  
The devices and form factors customers prefer evolve rapidly, influencing how users access services in the cloud and, in 
some cases, the user’s choice of which suite of cloud-based services to use. Aggregate demand for our software, services, 
and devices is also correlated to global macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, which remain dynamic. We must continue 
to evolve and adapt over an extended time in pace with this changing environment.  

The investments we are making in cloud and AI infrastructure and devices will continue to increase our operating costs and 
may decrease our operating margins. We continue to identify and evaluate opportunities to expand our datacenter locations 
and increase our server capacity to meet the evolving needs of our customers, particularly given the growing demand for 
AI  services.  Our  datacenters  depend  on  the  availability  of  permitted  and  buildable  land,  predictable  energy,  networking 
supplies,  and  servers,  including  graphics  processing  units  (“GPUs”)  and  other  components.  Our  devices  are  primarily 
manufactured  by  third-party  contract  manufacturers.  For  the  majority  of  our  products,  we  have  the  ability  to  use  other 
manufacturers if a current vendor becomes unavailable or unable to meet our requirements. However, some of our products 
contain certain components for which there are very few qualified suppliers. Extended disruptions at these suppliers could 
impact our ability to manufacture devices on time to meet consumer demand.  

Our success is highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain qualified employees. We hire a mix of university and 
industry  talent  worldwide. We  compete  for  talented  individuals  globally  by  offering  an  exceptional  working  environment, 
broad customer reach, scale in resources, the ability to grow one’s career across many different products and businesses, 
and competitive compensation and benefits.  

Our international operations provide a significant portion of our total revenue and expenses. Many of these revenue and 
expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, changes in foreign exchange rates may 
significantly  affect  revenue  and  expenses.  Fluctuations  in  the  U.S.  dollar  relative  to  certain  foreign  currencies  reduced 
reported revenue and expenses from our international operations in fiscal year 2023.  

On January 18, 2023, we announced decisions we made to align our cost structure with our revenue and customer demand, 
prioritize our investments in strategic areas, and consolidate office space. As a result, we recorded a $1.2 billion charge in 
the  second  quarter  of  fiscal  year  2023  (“Q2  charge”),  which  included  employee  severance  expenses  of  $800 million, 
impairment charges resulting from changes to our hardware portfolio, and costs related to lease consolidation activities. 
First, we reduced our overall workforce by approximately 10,000 jobs through the third quarter of fiscal year 2023 related to 
the Q2 charge, which represents less than 5% of our total employee base. While we eliminated roles in some areas, we will 
continue to hire in key strategic areas. Second, we are allocating both our capital and talent to areas of secular growth and 
long-term competitiveness, while divesting in other areas. Third, we are consolidating our leases to create higher density 
across our workspaces, which impacted our financial results through the remainder of fiscal year 2023, and we may make 
similar decisions in future periods as we continue to evaluate our real estate needs.  

Refer to Risk Factors in our fiscal year 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of these factors and other risks.  

Seasonality  

Our revenue fluctuates quarterly and is generally higher in the second and fourth quarters of our fiscal year. Second quarter 
revenue is driven by corporate year-end spending trends in our major markets and holiday season spending by consumers, 
and fourth quarter revenue is driven by the volume of multi-year on-premises contracts executed during the period.  

Change in Accounting Estimate  

In July 2022, we completed an assessment of the useful lives of our server and network equipment. Due to investments in 
software  that  increased  efficiencies  in  how  we  operate  our  server  and  network  equipment,  as  well  as  advances  in 
technology, we determined we should increase the estimated useful lives of both server and network equipment from four 
years  to  six  years.  This  change  in  accounting  estimate  was  effective  beginning fiscal  year  2023. Based  on  the  carrying 
amount of server and network equipment included in property and equipment, net  as of June 30, 2022, the effect of this 
change in estimate for fiscal year 2023 was an increase in operating income of $3.7 billion and net income of $3.0 billion, 
or $0.40 per both basic and diluted share.  

Reportable Segments  

We  report  our financial  performance  based  on  the  following  segments:  Productivity  and  Business  Processes,  Intelligent 
Cloud, and More Personal Computing. The segment amounts included in MD&A are presented on a basis consistent with 
our internal management reporting. We have recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the way we internally manage 
and monitor our business.  

28 

Additional information on our reportable segments is contained in Note 19 – Segment Information and Geographic Data of 
the Notes to Financial Statements.  

Metrics  

We use metrics in assessing the performance of our business and to make informed decisions regarding the allocation of 
resources. We disclose metrics to enable investors to evaluate progress against our ambitions, provide transparency into 
performance trends, and reflect the continued evolution of our products and services. Our commercial and other business 
metrics are fundamentally connected based on how customers use our products and services. The metrics are disclosed in 
the  MD&A  or  the  Notes  to Financial  Statements.  Financial metrics  are  calculated  based  on financial  results  prepared  in 
accordance  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America  (“GAAP”),  and  growth 
comparisons relate to the corresponding period of last fiscal year.  

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, we made updates to the presentation and method of calculation for certain metrics, 
most notably expanding our Surface metric into a broader Devices metric to incorporate additional revenue streams, along 
with other minor changes to align with how we manage our businesses.  

Commercial  

Our  commercial  business  primarily  consists  of  Server  products  and  cloud  services,  Office  Commercial,  Windows 
Commercial,  the  commercial  portion  of  LinkedIn,  Enterprise  Services,  and  Dynamics.  Our  commercial  metrics  allow 
management and investors to assess the overall health of our commercial business and include leading indicators of future 
performance.  

Commercial remaining performance obligation 

Microsoft Cloud revenue 

Commercial  portion  of  revenue  allocated  to  remaining 
performance obligations, which includes unearned revenue 
and  amounts  that  will  be  invoiced  and  recognized  as 
revenue in future periods 

Revenue from Azure and other cloud services, Office 365 
Commercial, the commercial portion of LinkedIn, Dynamics 
365, and other commercial cloud properties 

Microsoft Cloud gross margin percentage 

Gross margin percentage for our Microsoft Cloud business 

Productivity and Business Processes and Intelligent Cloud  

Metrics related to our Productivity and Business Processes and Intelligent Cloud segments assess the health of our core 
businesses within these segments. The metrics reflect our cloud and on-premises product strategies and trends.  

Office Commercial products and cloud services revenue 
growth 

Office Consumer products and cloud services revenue 
growth 

Office 365 Commercial seat growth 

Microsoft 365 Consumer subscribers 

Dynamics products and cloud services revenue growth 

Revenue  from  Office  Commercial  products  and  cloud 
services (Office 365 subscriptions, the Office 365 portion of 
Microsoft  365  Commercial  subscriptions,  and  Office 
licensed  on-premises),  comprising  Office,  Exchange, 
SharePoint,  Microsoft  Teams,  Office  365  Security  and 
Compliance, Microsoft Viva, and Microsoft 365 Copilot 

Revenue  from  Office  Consumer  products  and  cloud 
services, including Microsoft 365 Consumer subscriptions, 
Office licensed on-premises, and other Office services 

The  number  of  Office  365  Commercial  seats  at  end  of 
period where seats are paid users covered by an Office 365 
Commercial subscription 

The number of Microsoft 365 Consumer subscribers at end 
of period 

Revenue  from  Dynamics  products  and  cloud  services, 
including  Dynamics  365,  comprising  a  set  of  intelligent, 
cloud-based  applications  across  ERP,  CRM  (including 
Customer  Insights),  Power  Apps,  and  Power  Automate; 
and on-premises ERP and CRM applications 

29 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
LinkedIn revenue growth 

Server products and cloud services revenue growth 

from  LinkedIn, 

Revenue 
including  Talent  Solutions, 
Marketing  Solutions,  Premium  Subscriptions,  and  Sales 
Solutions 

Revenue  from  Server  products  and  cloud  services, 
including  Azure  and  other  cloud  services;  SQL  Server, 
Windows Server, Visual Studio, System Center, and related 
Client Access Licenses (“CALs”); and Nuance and GitHub 

More Personal Computing  

Metrics  related  to  our  More  Personal  Computing  segment  assess  the  performance  of  key  lines  of  business  within  this 
segment. These metrics provide strategic product insights which allow us to assess the performance across our commercial 
and consumer businesses. As we have diversity of target audiences and sales motions within the Windows business, we 
monitor metrics that are reflective of those varying motions.  

Windows OEM revenue growth 

Windows Commercial products and cloud services 
revenue growth 

Devices revenue growth 

Xbox content and services revenue growth 

Search and news advertising revenue (ex TAC) growth 

Revenue from sales of Windows Pro and non-Pro licenses 
sold through the OEM channel 

Revenue  from  Windows  Commercial  products  and  cloud 
services,  comprising  volume  licensing  of  the  Windows 
operating  system,  Windows  cloud  services,  and  other 
Windows commercial offerings 

Revenue  from  Devices,  including  Surface,  HoloLens,  and 
PC accessories 
Revenue from Xbox content and services, comprising first- 
and  third-party  content  (including  games  and  in-game 
content),  Xbox  Game  Pass  and  other  subscriptions,  Xbox 
Cloud  Gaming,  advertising,  third-party  disc  royalties,  and 
other cloud services 

Revenue from search and news advertising excluding traffic 
acquisition  costs  (“TAC”)  paid  to  Bing  Ads  network 
publishers and news partners 

SUMMARY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS  

(In millions, except percentages and per share amounts) 

Revenue 
Gross margin 
Operating income 
Net income 
Diluted earnings per share 

Adjusted gross margin (non-GAAP) 
Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP) 
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) 
Adjusted diluted earnings per share (non-GAAP) 

2023 

2022 

Percentage 
Change 

$ 

  211,915   $ 
146,052    
88,523    
72,361    
9.68    

  198,270    
135,620    
83,383    
72,738    
9.65    

146,204    
89,694    
73,307    
9.81    

135,620    
83,383    
69,447    
9.21    

7%  
8%  
6%  
(1)%  
0%  

8%  
8%  
6%  
7%  

Adjusted  gross  margin,  operating  income,  net  income,  and  diluted  earnings  per  share  (“EPS”)  are  non-GAAP  financial 
measures.  Current  year  non-GAAP  financial  measures  exclude  the  impact  of  the  Q2  charge,  which  includes  employee 
severance  expenses,  impairment  charges  resulting  from  changes  to  our  hardware  portfolio,  and  costs  related  to  lease 
consolidation activities. Prior year non-GAAP financial measures exclude the net income tax benefit related to transfer of 
intangible  properties  in the first  quarter  of fiscal  year 2022.  Refer  to  Note  12  –  Income  Taxes  of the  Notes  to  Financial 
Statements  for  further  discussion.  Refer  to  the  Non-GAAP  Financial  Measures  section  below  for  a  reconciliation  of  our 
financial results reported in accordance with GAAP to non-GAAP financial results.  

30 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
Fiscal Year 2023 Compared with Fiscal Year 2022  

Revenue increased $13.6 billion or 7% driven by growth in Intelligent Cloud and Productivity and Business Processes, offset 
in  part  by  a  decline  in  More  Personal  Computing.  Intelligent  Cloud  revenue  increased  driven  by  Azure  and  other  cloud 
services. Productivity  and  Business  Processes  revenue  increased  driven  by  Office  365  Commercial  and  LinkedIn. More 
Personal Computing revenue decreased driven by Windows and Devices.  

Cost of revenue increased $3.2 billion or 5% driven by growth in Microsoft Cloud, offset in part by the change in accounting 
estimate.  

Gross margin increased $10.4 billion or 8% driven by growth in Intelligent Cloud and Productivity and Business Processes 
and the change in accounting estimate, offset in part by a decline in More Personal Computing.  

•  Gross margin percentage increased slightly. Excluding the impact of the change in accounting estimate, gross 
margin percentage decreased 1 point driven by declines in Intelligent Cloud and More Personal Computing, 
offset in part by sales mix shift between our segments.  

•  Microsoft Cloud gross margin percentage increased 2 points to 72%. Excluding the impact of the change in 
accounting estimate, Microsoft Cloud gross margin percentage decreased slightly driven by a decline in Azure 
and other cloud services and sales mix shift to Azure and other cloud services, offset in part by improvement 
in Office 365 Commercial.  

Operating expenses increased $5.3 billion or 10% driven by employee severance expenses, 2 points of growth from the 
Nuance and Xandr acquisitions, investments in cloud engineering, and LinkedIn.  

Operating  income  increased  $5.1 billion  or  6%  driven  by  growth  in  Productivity  and  Business  Processes  and  Intelligent 
Cloud and the change in accounting estimate, offset in part by a decline in More Personal Computing.  

Revenue,  gross  margin,  and  operating  income  included  an  unfavorable  foreign  currency  impact  of  4%,  4%,  and  6%, 
respectively. Cost of revenue and operating expenses both included a favorable foreign currency impact of 2%.  

Current year gross margin, operating income, net income, and diluted EPS were negatively impacted by the Q2 charge, 
which resulted in decreases of $152 million, $1.2 billion, $946 million, and $0.13, respectively. Prior year net income and 
diluted EPS were positively impacted by the net tax benefit related to the transfer of intangible properties, which resulted in 
an increase to net income and diluted EPS of $3.3 billion and $0.44, respectively.  

SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS  

(In millions, except percentages) 

Revenue 
Productivity and Business Processes 
Intelligent Cloud 
More Personal Computing 

Total 

Operating Income 
Productivity and Business Processes 
Intelligent Cloud 
More Personal Computing 

Total 

Reportable Segments  

Fiscal Year 2023 Compared with Fiscal Year 2022  

Productivity and Business Processes  

Revenue increased $5.9 billion or 9%.  

2023 

2022 

Percentage 
Change 

$ 

69,274   $ 
87,907    
54,734    

63,364    
74,965    
59,941    

$ 

  211,915   $ 

  198,270    

$ 

$ 

34,189   $ 
37,884    
16,450    
88,523   $ 

29,690    
33,203    
20,490    

83,383    

9%  
17%  
(9)%  

7%  

15%  
14%  
(20)%  

6%  

•  Office Commercial products and cloud services revenue increased $3.7 billion or 10%. Office 365 Commercial 
revenue  grew  13%  with  seat  growth  of  11%,  driven  by  small  and  medium  business  and  frontline  worker 
offerings, as well as growth in revenue per user. Office Commercial products revenue declined 21% driven by 
continued customer shift to cloud offerings.  

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•  Office Consumer products and cloud services revenue increased $140 million or 2%. Microsoft 365 Consumer 

subscribers grew 12% to 67.0 million.  

• 

LinkedIn revenue increased $1.3 billion or 10% driven by Talent Solutions.  

•  Dynamics products and cloud services revenue increased $750 million or 16% driven by Dynamics 365 growth 

of 24%.  

Operating income increased $4.5 billion or 15%.  

•  Gross margin increased $5.8 billion or 12% driven by growth in Office 365 Commercial and LinkedIn, as well 
as the change in accounting estimate. Gross margin percentage increased. Excluding the impact of the change 
in  accounting  estimate,  gross  margin  percentage  increased  slightly  driven  by  improvement  in  Office  365 
Commercial, offset in part by sales mix shift to cloud offerings.  

•  Operating expenses increased $1.3 billion or 7% driven by investment in LinkedIn and employee severance 

expenses.  

Revenue,  gross  margin,  and  operating  income  included  an  unfavorable  foreign  currency  impact  of  5%,  5%,  and  8%, 
respectively.  

Intelligent Cloud  

Revenue increased $12.9 billion or 17%.  

•  Server products and cloud services revenue increased $12.6 billion or 19% driven by Azure and other cloud 
services.  Azure  and  other  cloud  services  revenue  grew  29%  driven  by  growth  in  our  consumption-based 
services. Server products revenue decreased 1%.  

•  Enterprise  Services  revenue increased  $315 million  or  4%  driven  by  growth in  Enterprise  Support  Services, 

offset in part by a decline in Industry Solutions (formerly Microsoft Consulting Services).  

Operating income increased $4.7 billion or 14%.  

•  Gross margin increased $8.9 billion or 17% driven by growth in Azure and other cloud services and the change 
in  accounting  estimate. Gross  margin  percentage  decreased  slightly.  Excluding the impact  of  the  change  in 
accounting estimate, gross margin percentage decreased 3 points driven by sales mix shift to Azure and other 
cloud services and a decline in Azure and other cloud services.  

•  Operating expenses increased $4.2 billion or 21% driven by investments in Azure, 4 points of growth from the 

Nuance acquisition, and employee severance expenses.  

Revenue,  gross  margin,  and  operating  income  included  an  unfavorable  foreign  currency  impact  of  4%,  4%,  and  6%, 
respectively. Operating expenses included a favorable foreign currency impact of 2%.  

More Personal Computing  

Revenue decreased $5.2 billion or 9%.  

•  Windows  revenue  decreased  $3.2 billion  or  13%  driven  by  a  decrease  in  Windows  OEM.  Windows  OEM 
revenue decreased 25% as elevated channel inventory levels continued to drive additional weakness beyond 
declining  PC  demand. Windows  Commercial  products  and  cloud  services  revenue  increased  5%  driven  by 
demand for Microsoft 365.  

•  Devices  revenue  decreased  $1.8 billion  or  24%  as  elevated  channel  inventory  levels  continued  to  drive 

additional weakness beyond declining PC demand.  

•  Gaming  revenue  decreased  $764 million  or  5%  driven  by  declines  in  Xbox  hardware  and  Xbox  content  and 
services. Xbox hardware revenue decreased 11% driven by lower volume and price of consoles sold. Xbox 
content and services revenue decreased 3% driven by a decline in first-party content, offset in part by growth 
in Xbox Game Pass.  

•  Search  and  news  advertising  revenue  increased  $617 million  or  5%.  Search  and  news  advertising  revenue 

excluding traffic acquisition costs increased 11% driven by higher search volume and the Xandr acquisition.  

32 

  
Operating income decreased $4.0 billion or 20%.  

•  Gross  margin  decreased  $4.2 billion  or  13%  driven  by  declines  in  Windows  and  Devices.  Gross  margin 

percentage decreased driven by a decline in Devices.  

•  Operating expenses decreased $195 million or 2% driven by a decline in Devices, offset in part by investments 

in Search and news advertising, including 2 points of growth from the Xandr acquisition.  

Revenue,  gross  margin,  and  operating  income  included  an  unfavorable  foreign  currency  impact  of  3%,  4%,  and  6%, 
respectively. Operating expenses included a favorable foreign currency impact of 2%.  

OPERATING EXPENSES  

Research and Development  

(In millions, except percentages) 

Research and development 
As a percent of revenue 

2023 

2022 

Percentage 
Change 

$ 

    27,195    $      24,512     
12%     

13%     

11%  
1ppt  

Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, and other 
headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-
party development and programming costs and the amortization of purchased software code and services content.  

Fiscal Year 2023 Compared with Fiscal Year 2022  

Research  and  development  expenses  increased  $2.7 billion  or  11%  driven  by  investments  in  cloud  engineering  and 
LinkedIn.  

Sales and Marketing  

(In millions, except percentages) 

Sales and marketing 
As a percent of revenue 

2023 

2022 

Percentage 
Change 

$ 

    22,759    $      21,825     
11%     

11%     

4%  
0ppt  

Sales  and  marketing  expenses  include  payroll,  employee  benefits,  stock-based  compensation  expense,  and  other 
headcount-related expenses associated with sales and marketing personnel, and the costs of advertising, promotions, trade 
shows, seminars, and other programs.  

Fiscal Year 2023 Compared with Fiscal Year 2022  

Sales  and  marketing  expenses  increased  $934 million  or  4%  driven  by  3  points  of  growth  from  the  Nuance  and  Xandr 
acquisitions and investments in commercial sales, offset in part by a decline in Windows advertising. Sales and marketing 
included a favorable foreign currency impact of 2%.  

General and Administrative  

(In millions, except percentages) 

General and administrative 
As a percent of revenue 

2023 

2022 

Percentage 
Change 

$ 

    7,575    $ 

4%     

    5,900     
3%     

28%  
1ppt  

General and administrative expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, employee 
severance expense incurred as part of a corporate program, and other headcount-related expenses associated with finance, 
legal,  facilities,  certain  human  resources  and  other  administrative  personnel,  certain  taxes,  and  legal  and  other 
administrative fees.  

33 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
Fiscal Year 2023 Compared with Fiscal Year 2022  

General and administrative expenses increased $1.7 billion or 28% driven by employee severance expenses and a charge 
related  to  a  non-public  preliminary  draft  decision  provided  by  the  Irish  Data  Protection  Commission.  General  and 
administrative included a favorable foreign currency impact of 2%.  

The components of other income (expense), net were as follows:  

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Interest and dividends income 
Interest expense 
Net recognized gains on investments 
Net losses on derivatives 
Net gains (losses) on foreign currency remeasurements 
Other, net 

Total 

$ 

2023 
     2,994   $ 
(1,968) 
260  
(456) 
181  
(223) 

2022 

     2,094  
(2,063) 
461  
(52) 
(75) 
(32) 

$ 

788   $ 

333  

We  use  derivative  instruments  to  manage  risks  related  to  foreign  currencies,  equity  prices,  interest  rates,  and  credit; 
enhance  investment  returns;  and  facilitate  portfolio  diversification.  Gains  and  losses  from  changes  in  fair  values  of 
derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments are primarily recognized in other income (expense), net.  

Fiscal Year 2023 Compared with Fiscal Year 2022  

Interest and dividends income increased due to higher yields, offset in part by lower portfolio balances. Interest expense 
decreased due to a decrease in outstanding long-term debt due to debt maturities. Net recognized gains on investments 
decreased due to lower gains on equity securities and higher losses on fixed income securities. Net losses on derivatives 
increased due to losses related to managing strategic investments.  

Effective Tax Rate  

INCOME TAXES  

Our effective tax rate for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was 19% and 13%, respectively. The increase in our effective tax rate 
was primarily due to a $3.3 billion net income tax benefit in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 related to the transfer of 
intangible properties and a decrease in tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation.  

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, we transferred certain intangible properties from our Puerto Rico subsidiary to the 
U.S. The transfer of intangible properties resulted in a $3.3 billion net income tax benefit in the first quarter of fiscal year 
2022, as the value of future U.S. tax deductions exceeded the current tax liability from the U.S. global intangible low-taxed 
income tax.  

Our effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, primarily due to earnings taxed at lower rates in foreign 
jurisdictions  resulting from  producing  and  distributing our  products  and  services  through  our  foreign  regional  operations 
center in Ireland.  

The mix of income before income taxes between the U.S. and foreign countries impacted our effective tax rate as a result 
of the geographic distribution of, and customer demand for, our products and services. In fiscal year 2023, our U.S. income 
before income taxes was $52.9 billion and our foreign income before income taxes was $36.4 billion. In fiscal year 2022, 
our U.S. income before income taxes was $47.8 billion and our foreign income before income taxes was $35.9 billion.  

34 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Uncertain Tax Positions  

We settled a portion of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) audit for tax years 2004 to 2006 in fiscal year 2011. In February 
2012,  the  IRS  withdrew  its  2011  Revenue  Agents  Report  related  to  unresolved  issues  for  tax  years  2004  to  2006  and 
reopened the audit phase of the examination. We also settled a portion of the IRS audit for tax years 2007 to 2009 in fiscal 
year 2016, and a portion of the IRS audit for tax years 2010 to 2013 in fiscal year 2018. In the second quarter of fiscal year 
2021, we settled an additional portion of the IRS audits for tax years 2004 to 2013 and made a payment of $1.7 billion, 
including tax and interest. We remain under audit for tax years 2004 to 2017.  

As of June 30, 2023, the primary unresolved issues for the IRS audits relate to transfer pricing, which could have a material 
impact in our consolidated financial statements when the matters are resolved. We believe our allowances for income tax 
contingencies are adequate. We have not received a proposed assessment for the unresolved key transfer pricing issues. 
We do not expect a final resolution of these issues in the next 12 months. Based on the information currently available, we 
do not anticipate a significant increase or decrease to our tax contingencies for these issues within the next 12 months.  

We are subject to income tax in many jurisdictions outside the U.S. Our operations in certain jurisdictions remain subject to 
examination for tax years 1996 to 2022, some of which are currently under audit by local tax authorities. The resolution of 
each of these audits is not expected to be material to our consolidated financial statements.  

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES  

Adjusted gross margin, operating income, net income, and diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures. Current year 
non-GAAP  financial  measures  exclude  the  impact  of  the  Q2  charge,  which  includes  employee  severance  expenses, 
impairment charges resulting from changes to our hardware portfolio, and costs related to lease consolidation activities. 
Prior year non-GAAP financial measures exclude the net income tax benefit related to transfer of intangible properties in 
the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. We believe these non-GAAP measures aid investors by providing additional insight into 
our  operational  performance  and  help  clarify  trends  affecting  our  business.  For  comparability  of  reporting, management 
considers non-GAAP measures in conjunction with GAAP financial results in evaluating business performance. These non-
GAAP financial measures  presented  should  not  be  considered  a  substitute for,  or  superior  to, the measures  of financial 
performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.  

The following table reconciles our financial results reported in accordance with GAAP to non-GAAP financial results:  

(In millions, except percentages and per share amounts) 

Gross margin 
Severance, hardware-related impairment, and lease consolidation costs 

Adjusted gross margin (non-GAAP) 

Operating income 
Severance, hardware-related impairment, and lease consolidation costs 

Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP) 

Net income 
Severance, hardware-related impairment, and lease consolidation costs 
Net income tax benefit related to transfer of intangible properties 

Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) 

Diluted earnings per share 
Severance, hardware-related impairment, and lease consolidation costs 
Net income tax benefit related to transfer of intangible properties 

Adjusted diluted earnings per share (non-GAAP) 

* 

Not meaningful.  

2023 
146,052   $ 
152  

2022 
135,620  
0  

  146,204   $      135,620  

88,523   $ 
1,171  

89,694   $ 

72,361   $ 
946  
0  

83,383  
0  

83,383  

72,738  
0  

(3,291)   

73,307   $ 

69,447  

9.68   $ 
0.13  
0  

9.81   $ 

9.65  
0  
(0.44)   

9.21  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Percentage 
Change 
8%  
*  

8%  

6%  
*  

8%  

(1)%  
*  
*  

6%  

0%  
*  
*  

7%  

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  

We  expect  existing  cash,  cash  equivalents,  short-term  investments,  cash  flows  from  operations,  and  access  to  capital 
markets  to  continue  to  be  sufficient  to  fund  our  operating  activities  and  cash  commitments  for  investing  and  financing 
activities, such as dividends, share repurchases, debt maturities, material capital expenditures, and the transition tax related 
to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future.  

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments  

Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaled $111.3 billion and $104.8 billion as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, 
respectively. Equity investments were $9.9 billion and $6.9 billion as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our short-
term investments are primarily intended to facilitate liquidity and capital preservation. They consist predominantly of highly 
liquid investment-grade fixed-income securities, diversified among industries and individual issuers. The investments are 
predominantly U.S. dollar-denominated securities, but also include foreign currency-denominated securities to diversify risk. 
Our fixed-income investments are exposed to interest rate risk and credit risk. The credit risk and average maturity of our 
fixed-income  portfolio  are  managed  to  achieve  economic  returns  that  correlate  to  certain  fixed-income  indices.  The 
settlement risk related to these investments is insignificant given that the short-term investments held are primarily highly 
liquid investment-grade fixed-income securities.  

Valuation  

In general, and where applicable, we use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities to determine the 
fair value of our financial instruments. This pricing methodology applies to our Level 1 investments, such as U.S. government 
securities, common and preferred stock, and mutual funds. If quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
are not available to determine fair value, then we use quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities or inputs other than the 
quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly. This pricing methodology applies to our Level 2 investments, 
such as commercial paper, certificates of deposit, U.S. agency securities, foreign government bonds, mortgage- and asset-
backed securities, corporate notes and bonds, and municipal securities. Level 3 investments are valued using internally-
developed  models  with  unobservable  inputs.  Assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  on  a  recurring  basis  using 
unobservable inputs are an immaterial portion of our portfolio.  

A  majority  of  our  investments  are  priced  by  pricing  vendors  and  are  generally  Level 1  or  Level 2  investments  as  these 
vendors either provide a quoted market price in an active market or use observable inputs for their pricing without applying 
significant adjustments. Broker pricing is used mainly when a quoted price is not available, the investment is not priced by 
our pricing vendors, or when a broker price is more reflective of fair values in the market in which the investment trades. 
Our broker-priced investments are generally classified as Level 2 investments because the broker prices these investments 
based  on  similar  assets  without  applying  significant  adjustments.  In  addition,  all  our  broker-priced  investments  have  a 
sufficient level of trading volume to demonstrate that the fair values used are appropriate for these investments. Our fair 
value processes include controls that are designed to ensure appropriate fair values are recorded. These controls include 
model validation, review of key model inputs, analysis of period-over-period fluctuations, and independent recalculation of 
prices where appropriate.  

Cash Flows  

Cash from operations decreased $1.5 billion to $87.6 billion for fiscal year 2023, mainly due to an increase in cash paid to 
employees and suppliers and cash used to pay income taxes, offset in part by an increase in cash received from customers. 
Cash used in financing decreased $14.9 billion to $43.9 billion for fiscal year 2023, mainly due to a $10.5 billion decrease 
in common stock repurchases and a $6.3 billion decrease in repayments of debt, offset in part by a $1.7 billion increase in 
dividends  paid.  Cash  used  in  investing  decreased  $7.6 billion  to  $22.7 billion for fiscal  year  2023,  due  to  a $20.4 billion 
decrease in cash used for acquisitions of companies, net of cash acquired, and purchases of intangible and other assets, 
offset  in  part  by  a  $8.2 billion  decrease  in  cash from net  investment  purchases,  sales,  and  maturities,  and a  $4.2 billion 
increase in additions to property and equipment.  

Debt Proceeds  

We issue debt to take advantage of favorable pricing and liquidity in the debt markets, reflecting our credit rating and the 
low interest rate environment. The proceeds of these issuances were or will be used for general corporate purposes, which 
may  include,  among  other  things,  funding  for  working  capital,  capital  expenditures,  repurchases  of  capital  stock, 
acquisitions,  and  repayment  of  existing  debt.  Refer  to  Note  11  –  Debt  of  the  Notes  to  Financial  Statements  for  further 
discussion.  

36 

  
Unearned Revenue  

Unearned revenue comprises mainly unearned revenue related to volume licensing programs, which may include Software 
Assurance (“SA”) and cloud services. Unearned revenue is generally invoiced annually at the beginning of each contract 
period  for  multi-year  agreements  and  recognized  ratably  over  the  coverage  period.  Unearned  revenue  also  includes 
payments for other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the revenue when we transfer control of the 
product or service. Refer to Note 1 – Accounting Policies of the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion.  

The following table outlines the expected future recognition of unearned revenue as of June 30, 2023:  

(In millions) 

Three Months Ending 
September 30, 2023 
December 31, 2023 
March 31, 2024 
June 30, 2024 
Thereafter 

Total 

$ 

19,673  
15,600  
10,801  
4,827  
2,912  

$ 

    53,813  

If  our  customers  choose  to  license  cloud-based versions  of  our  products  and  services  rather than licensing transaction-
based products and services, the associated revenue will shift from being recognized at the time of the transaction to being 
recognized over the subscription period or upon consumption, as applicable. Refer to Note 13 – Unearned Revenue of the 
Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion.  

Material Cash Requirements and Other Obligations  

Contractual Obligations  

The following table summarizes the payments due by fiscal year for our outstanding contractual obligations as of June 30, 
2023:  

(In millions) 

Long-term debt: (a) 

Principal payments 
Interest payments 

Construction commitments (b) 
Operating and finance leases, including imputed interest (c) 
Purchase commitments (d) 

Total 

2024 

Thereafter 

Total 

$ 

5,250   $ 
1,379    
12,237    
5,988    
64,703    

47,616   $ 
19,746    
1,218    
73,852    
3,115    

52,866  
21,125  
13,455  
79,840  
67,818  

$ 

  89,557   $ 

  145,547   $ 

  235,104  

(a)  Refer to Note 11 – Debt of the Notes to Financial Statements.  
(b)  Refer to Note 7 – Property and Equipment of the Notes to Financial Statements.  
(c)  Refer to Note 14 – Leases of the Notes to Financial Statements.  
(d)  Purchase commitments primarily relate to datacenters and include open purchase orders and take-or-pay contracts 

that are not presented as construction commitments above.  

Income Taxes  

As a result of the TCJA, we are required to pay a one-time transition tax on deferred foreign income not previously subject 
to U.S. income tax. Under the TCJA, the transition tax is payable in interest-free installments over eight years, with 8% due 
in each of the first five years, 15% in year six, 20% in year seven, and 25% in year eight. We have paid transition tax of 
$7.7 billion, which included $1.5 billion for fiscal year 2023. The remaining transition tax of $10.5 billion is payable over the 
next three years, with $2.7 billion payable within 12 months.  

In fiscal year 2023, we paid cash tax of $4.8 billion due to the mandatory capitalization for tax purposes of research and 
development expenditures enacted by the TCJA and effective on July 1, 2022.  

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Share Repurchases  

During  fiscal  years  2023  and  2022,  we  repurchased  69 million  shares  and  95 million  shares  of  our  common  stock  for 
$18.4 billion and $28.0 billion, respectively, through our share repurchase programs. All repurchases were made using cash 
resources. As of June 30, 2023, $22.3 billion remained of our $60 billion share repurchase program. Refer to Note 16 – 
Stockholders’ Equity of the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion.  

Dividends  

During fiscal year 2023 and 2022, our Board of Directors declared quarterly dividends of $0.68 per share and $0.62 per 
share, totaling $20.2 billion and $18.6 billion, respectively. We intend to continue returning capital to shareholders in the 
form of dividends, subject to declaration by our Board of Directors. Refer to Note 16 – Stockholders’ Equity of the Notes to 
Financial Statements for further discussion.  

Other Planned Uses of Capital  

On January 18, 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Activision Blizzard, Inc. (“Activision Blizzard”) for 
$95.00 per share in an all-cash transaction valued at $68.7 billion, inclusive of Activision Blizzard’s net cash. The acquisition 
has been approved by Activision Blizzard’s shareholders. We continue to work toward closing the transaction subject to 
obtaining  required  regulatory  approvals  and  satisfaction  of  other  customary  closing  conditions.  Microsoft  and  Activision 
Blizzard have jointly agreed to extend the merger agreement through October 18, 2023 to allow for additional time to resolve 
remaining regulatory concerns.  

We  will  continue  to  invest  in  sales,  marketing,  product  support  infrastructure,  and  existing  and  advanced  areas  of 
technology, as well as acquisitions that align with our business strategy. Additions to property and equipment will continue, 
including new facilities, datacenters, and computer systems for research and development, sales and marketing, support, 
and administrative staff. We expect capital expenditures to increase in coming years to support growth in our cloud offerings 
and our investments in AI infrastructure. We have operating and finance leases for datacenters, corporate offices, research 
and development facilities, Microsoft Experience Centers, and certain equipment. We have not engaged in any related party 
transactions or arrangements with unconsolidated entities or other persons that are reasonably likely to materially affect 
liquidity or the availability of capital resources.  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES  

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  and  accompanying  notes  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  GAAP.  Preparing 
consolidated  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported 
amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  revenue,  and  expenses.  Critical  accounting  estimates  are  those  estimates  that  involve  a 
significant level of estimation uncertainty and could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. 
We have critical accounting estimates in the areas of revenue recognition, impairment of investment securities, goodwill, 
research and development costs, legal and other contingencies, income taxes, and inventories.  

Revenue Recognition  

Our contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining 
whether  products  and  services  are  considered  distinct  performance  obligations  that  should  be  accounted  for  separately 
versus together may require significant judgment. When a cloud-based service includes both on-premises software licenses 
and cloud services, judgment is required to determine whether the software license is considered distinct and accounted 
for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with the cloud service and recognized over time. Certain cloud 
services, primarily Office 365, depend on a significant level of integration, interdependency, and interrelation between the 
desktop  applications  and  cloud  services,  and  are  accounted  for  together  as  one  performance  obligation.  Revenue from 
Office 365 is recognized ratably over the period in which the cloud services are provided.  

Judgment is required to determine the stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. We use a 
single amount to estimate SSP for items that are not sold separately, including on-premises licenses sold with SA or software 
updates provided at no additional charge. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP when we sell each of the products 
and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the 
various products and services.  

In  instances  where  SSP  is  not  directly  observable,  such  as  when  we  do  not  sell  the  product  or  service  separately,  we 
determine the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. We typically have 
more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers 

38 

  
and circumstances. In these instances, we may use information such as the size of the customer and geographic region in 
determining the SSP.  

Due to the various benefits from and the nature of our SA program, judgment is required to assess the pattern of delivery, 
including the exercise pattern of certain benefits across our portfolio of customers.  

Our products are generally sold with a right of return, we may provide other credits or incentives, and in certain instances 
we  estimate  customer  usage  of  our  products  and  services,  which  are  accounted  for  as  variable  consideration  when 
determining the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and credits are estimated at contract inception and updated at 
the  end  of  each  reporting  period  if  additional  information  becomes  available.  Changes  to  our  estimated  variable 
consideration were not material for the periods presented.  

Impairment of Investment Securities  

We review debt investments quarterly for credit losses and impairment. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, 
we evaluate, among other factors, general market conditions, credit quality of debt instrument issuers, and the extent to 
which the fair value is less than cost. This determination requires significant judgment. In making this judgment, we employ 
a systematic methodology that considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence in evaluating potential impairment 
of  our  investments.  In  addition,  we  consider  specific  adverse  conditions  related  to  the  financial  health  of,  and  business 
outlook for, the investee. If we have plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the 
security  before  recovery,  then  a  decline  in  fair  value  below  cost  is  recorded  as  an  impairment  charge  in  other  income 
(expense),  net  and  a  new  cost  basis  in  the  investment  is  established.  If  market,  industry,  and/or  investee  conditions 
deteriorate, we may incur future impairments.  

Equity  investments  without  readily  determinable  fair  values  are  written  down  to  fair  value  if  a  qualitative  assessment 
indicates  that  the investment is  impaired  and  the fair value  of the  investment  is less  than  carrying value. We  perform  a 
qualitative assessment on a periodic basis. We are required to estimate the fair value of the investment to determine the 
amount of the impairment loss. Once an investment is determined to be impaired, an impairment charge is recorded in other 
income (expense), net.  

Goodwill  

We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on the reporting unit expected to benefit from the business combination. We 
evaluate our reporting units on an annual basis and, if necessary, reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation 
approach. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating 
segment) on an annual basis (May 1) and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would 
more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. These events or circumstances could 
include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or 
disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.  

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of 
assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each 
reporting  unit.  The  fair  value  of  each  reporting  unit  is  estimated  primarily  through  the  use  of  a  discounted  cash  flow 
methodology. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on 
internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash 
flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital.  

The  estimates  used  to  calculate  the fair value  of  a  reporting  unit change  from year  to  year  based  on  operating  results, 
market conditions, and other factors. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination 
of fair value and goodwill impairment for each reporting unit.  

Research and Development Costs  

Costs  incurred  internally  in  researching  and  developing  a  computer  software  product  are  charged  to  expense  until 
technological feasibility has been established for the product. Once technological feasibility is established, software costs 
are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. Judgment is required in determining when 
technological  feasibility  of  a  product  is  established.  We  have  determined  that  technological  feasibility  for  our  software 
products is reached after all high-risk development issues have been resolved through coding and testing. Generally, this 

39 

occurs shortly before the products are released to production. The amortization of these costs is included in cost of revenue 
over the estimated life of the products.  

Legal and Other Contingencies  

The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against us are subject to significant uncertainty. An estimated loss 
from a loss contingency such as a legal proceeding or claim is accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that an asset 
has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In determining 
whether a loss should be accrued we evaluate, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome 
and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. Changes in these factors could materially impact our 
consolidated financial statements.  

Income Taxes  

The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current 
year,  and  deferred  tax liabilities  and  assets  for  the future  tax  consequences  of  events  that  have  been  recognized  in  an 
entity’s financial statements or tax returns. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely 
than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the 
position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest 
benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accounting literature also provides 
guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, 
accounting for interest  and  penalties  associated  with  tax  positions,  and  income tax  disclosures.  Judgment is  required  in 
assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax 
returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our consolidated financial 
statements.  

Inventories  

Inventories are stated at average cost, subject to the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor, 
and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. Net realizable value is the estimated 
selling price less estimated costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. We regularly review inventory quantities on 
hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. These reviews include 
analysis of demand forecasts, product life cycle status, product development plans, current sales levels, pricing strategy, 
and component cost trends. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value, we reduce our inventory to a 
new cost basis through a charge to cost of revenue.  

40 

  
  
  
STATEMENT OF MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Management is  responsible for  the  preparation  of the consolidated financial  statements  and  related information  that  are 
presented in this report. The consolidated financial statements, which include amounts based on management’s estimates 
and  judgments,  have  been  prepared  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted in  the  United  States  of 
America.  

The  Company  designs  and  maintains  accounting  and  internal  control  systems  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  at 
reasonable cost that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorized use or disposition, and that the financial records 
are reliable for preparing consolidated financial statements and maintaining accountability for assets. These systems are 
augmented by written policies, an organizational structure providing division of responsibilities, careful selection and training 
of qualified personnel, and a program of internal audits.  

The Company engaged Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, to audit and render an 
opinion  on  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  in  accordance  with  the 
standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  

The  Board  of  Directors, through  its  Audit  Committee, consisting  solely  of independent  directors  of the  Company, meets 
periodically with management, internal auditors, and our independent registered public accounting firm to ensure that each 
is meeting its responsibilities and to discuss matters concerning internal controls and financial reporting. Deloitte & Touche 
LLP and the internal auditors each have full and free access to the Audit Committee.  

Satya Nadella  
Chief Executive Officer  

Amy E. Hood  
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer  

Alice L. Jolla  
Corporate Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer  

41 

  
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK  

RISKS  

We  are  exposed  to  economic  risk  from  foreign  exchange  rates,  interest  rates,  credit  risk,  and  equity  prices.  We  use 
derivatives instruments to manage these risks, however, they may still impact our consolidated financial statements.  

Foreign Currencies  

Certain forecasted transactions, assets, and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency risk. We monitor our foreign currency 
exposures  daily  to  maximize  the  economic  effectiveness  of  our  foreign  currency  positions,  including  hedges.  Principal 
currency exposures include the Euro, Japanese yen, British pound, Canadian dollar, and Australian dollar.  

Interest Rate  

Securities held in our fixed-income portfolio are subject to different interest rate risks based on their maturities. We manage 
the average maturity of the fixed-income portfolio to achieve economic returns that correlate to certain global fixed-income 
indices.  

Credit  

Our fixed-income portfolio is diversified and consists primarily of investment-grade securities. We manage credit exposures 
relative to broad-based indices to facilitate portfolio diversification.  

Equity  

Securities held in our equity investments portfolio are subject to price risk.  

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS  

The following table sets forth the potential loss in future earnings or fair values, including associated derivatives, resulting 
from hypothetical changes in relevant market rates or prices:  

(In millions) 

Risk Categories 

Hypothetical Change 

Foreign currency – Revenue 
Foreign currency – Investments 
Interest rate 
Credit 
Equity 

10% decrease in foreign exchange rates 
10% decrease in foreign exchange rates 
100 basis point increase in U.S. treasury interest rates 
100 basis point increase in credit spreads 
10% decrease in equity market prices 

$  

June 30, 
2023 

Impact 

(8,122)  Earnings 

(29)  Fair Value 
(1,832)  Fair Value 
(354)  Fair Value 
(705)  Earnings 

42 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA  

INCOME STATEMENTS  

(In millions, except per share amounts) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Revenue: 
Product 
Service and other 

Total revenue 

Cost of revenue: 

Product 
Service and other 

Total cost of revenue 

Gross margin 
Research and development 
Sales and marketing 
General and administrative 

Operating income 
Other income, net 

Income before income taxes 
Provision for income taxes 

Net income 

Earnings per share: 

Basic 
Diluted 

Weighted average shares outstanding: 

Basic 
Diluted 

Refer to accompanying notes.  

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

   64,699   $   72,732   $    71,074  
147,216     125,538    
97,014  
211,915     198,270     168,088  

17,804    
48,059    
65,863    

19,064    
43,586    

18,219  
34,013  

62,650    

52,232  

146,052     135,620     115,856  
20,716  
24,512    
20,117  
21,825    
5,107  
5,900    

27,195    
22,759    
7,575    

69,916  
1,186  

83,383    
333    

88,523    
788    
89,311    
71,102  
83,716    
16,950    
9,831  
10,978    
72,361   $  72,738   $  61,271  

9.72   $ 
9.68   $ 

9.70   $ 
9.65   $ 

8.12  
8.05  

7,446    
7,472    

7,496    
7,540    

7,547  
7,608  

$ 

$ 
$ 

43 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENTS  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Net income 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: 

Net change related to derivatives 
Net change related to investments 
Translation adjustments and other 

Other comprehensive loss 

Comprehensive income 

Refer to accompanying notes.  

2023 
  72,361   $ 

$ 

2022 

2021 

  72,738   $ 

  61,271  

(14) 
(1,444) 
(207) 

(1,665) 

6  
(5,360) 
(1,146) 

(6,500) 

19  
(2,266) 
873  

(1,374) 

$ 

70,696   $ 

66,238   $ 

59,897  

44 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
BALANCE SHEETS  

(In millions) 

June 30, 

Assets 
Current assets: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term investments 

Total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments 

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $650 and $633 
Inventories 
Other current assets 

Total current assets 

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $68,251 and $59,660 
Operating lease right-of-use assets 
Equity investments 
Goodwill 
Intangible assets, net 
Other long-term assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity 
Current liabilities: 

Accounts payable 
Current portion of long-term debt 
Accrued compensation 
Short-term income taxes 
Short-term unearned revenue 
Other current liabilities 

Total current liabilities 

Long-term debt 
Long-term income taxes 
Long-term unearned revenue 
Deferred income taxes 
Operating lease liabilities 
Other long-term liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Commitments and contingencies 
Stockholders’ equity: 

Common stock and paid-in capital – shares authorized 24,000; outstanding 7,432 

and 7,464 

Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 

Total stockholders’ equity 

2023 

2022 

$ 

34,704   $ 
76,558  

  111,262  
48,688  
2,500  
21,807  

184,257  
95,641  
14,346  
9,879  
67,886  
9,366  
30,601  

13,931  
90,826  

  104,757  
44,261  
3,742  
16,924  

169,684  
74,398  
13,148  
6,891  
67,524  
11,298  
21,897  

$ 

  411,976   $      364,840  

$ 

18,095   $ 
5,247  
11,009  
4,152  
50,901  
14,745  

104,149  
41,990  
25,560  
2,912  
433  
12,728  
17,981  

205,753  

19,000  
2,749  
10,661  
4,067  
45,538  
13,067  

95,082  
47,032  
26,069  
2,870  
230  
11,489  
15,526  

198,298  

93,718  
118,848  

(6,343)   

86,939  
84,281  
(4,678) 

206,223  

166,542  

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 

$ 

411,976   $ 

364,840  

Refer to accompanying notes.  

45 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
CASH FLOWS STATEMENTS  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Operations 
Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operations: 

Depreciation, amortization, and other 
Stock-based compensation expense 
Net recognized losses (gains) on investments and derivatives 
Deferred income taxes 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 

Accounts receivable 
Inventories 
Other current assets 
Other long-term assets 
Accounts payable 
Unearned revenue 
Income taxes 
Other current liabilities 
Other long-term liabilities 

Net cash from operations 

Financing 
Cash premium on debt exchange 
Repayments of debt 
Common stock issued 
Common stock repurchased 
Common stock cash dividends paid 
Other, net 

Net cash used in financing 

Investing 
Additions to property and equipment 
Acquisition of companies, net of cash acquired, and purchases of 

intangible and other assets 

Purchases of investments 
Maturities of investments 
Sales of investments 
Other, net 

Net cash used in investing 

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 

Refer to accompanying notes.  

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

  72,361   $ 

   72,738   $ 

   61,271  

13,861  
9,611  
196  
(6,059) 

(4,087) 
1,242  
(1,991) 
(2,833) 
(2,721) 
5,535  
(358) 
2,272  
553  

14,460  
7,502  

(409)   
(5,702)   

(6,834)   
(1,123)   
(709)   
(2,805)   
2,943  
5,109  
696  
2,344  
825  

11,686  
6,118  
(1,249) 
(150) 

(6,481) 
(737) 
(932) 
(3,459) 
2,798  
4,633  
(2,309) 
4,149  
1,402  

87,582  

89,035  

76,740  

0  
(2,750) 
1,866  
(22,245) 
(19,800) 
(1,006) 

(43,935) 

0  

(9,023)   
1,841  
(32,696)   
(18,135)   
(863)   

(1,754) 
(3,750) 
1,693  
(27,385) 
(16,521) 
(769) 

(58,876)   

(48,486) 

(28,107) 

(23,886)   

(20,622) 

(1,670) 
(37,651) 
33,510  
14,354  
(3,116) 

(22,680) 

(194) 

20,773  
13,931  

(22,038)   
(26,456)   
16,451  
28,443  
(2,825)   

(8,909) 
(62,924) 
51,792  
14,008  
(922) 

(30,311)   

(27,577) 

(141)   

(293)   

14,224  

(29) 

648  
13,576  

$ 

34,704   $ 

13,931   $ 

14,224  

46 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY STATEMENTS  

(In millions, except per share amounts) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Common stock and paid-in capital 
Balance, beginning of period 
Common stock issued 
Common stock repurchased 
Stock-based compensation expense 
Other, net 

Balance, end of period 

Retained earnings 
Balance, beginning of period 
Net income 
Common stock cash dividends 
Common stock repurchased 
Cumulative effect of accounting changes 

Balance, end of period 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 
Balance, beginning of period 
Other comprehensive loss 
Cumulative effect of accounting changes 

Balance, end of period 

Total stockholders’ equity 

Cash dividends declared per common share 

Refer to accompanying notes.  

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

86,939   $ 

83,111   $ 

1,866  
(4,696) 
9,611  
(2) 

93,718  

84,281  
72,361  
(20,226) 
(17,568) 
0  

118,848  

(4,678) 
(1,665) 
0  

1,841  
(5,688) 
7,502  
173  

86,939  

57,055  
72,738  
(18,552) 
(26,960) 
0  

84,281  

1,822  
(6,500) 
0  

   80,552  
1,963  
(5,539) 
6,118  
17  

83,111  

34,566  
61,271  
(16,871) 
(21,879) 
(32) 

57,055  

3,186  
(1,374) 
10  

(6,343) 

1,822  
    206,223   $      166,542   $      141,988  

(4,678) 

2.72   $ 

2.48   $ 

2.24  

$ 

$ 

47 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

NOTE 1 — ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Accounting Principles  

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  and  accompanying  notes  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).  

We have recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation. The recast of these prior period 
amounts had no impact on our consolidated balance sheets, consolidated income statements, or consolidated cash flows 
statements.  

Principles of Consolidation  

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  Microsoft  Corporation  and  its  subsidiaries.  Intercompany 
transactions and balances have been eliminated.  

Estimates and Assumptions  

Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts 
of  assets,  liabilities,  revenue,  and  expenses.  Examples  of  estimates  and  assumptions  include:  for  revenue  recognition, 
determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, and determining the standalone selling price 
(“SSP”) of performance obligations, variable consideration, and other obligations such as product returns and refunds; loss 
contingencies;  product  warranties;  the fair value  of  and/or  potential impairment  of  goodwill  and intangible  assets  for  our 
reporting units; product life cycles; useful lives of our tangible and intangible assets; allowances for doubtful accounts; the 
market value of, and demand for, our inventory; stock-based compensation forfeiture rates; when technological feasibility 
is achieved for our products; the potential outcome of uncertain tax positions that have been recognized in our consolidated 
financial statements or tax returns; and determining the timing and amount of impairments for investments. Actual results 
and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions due to risks and uncertainties.  

In July 2022, we completed an assessment of the useful lives of our server and network equipment. Due to investments in 
software  that  increased  efficiencies  in  how  we  operate  our  server  and  network  equipment,  as  well  as  advances  in 
technology, we determined we should increase the estimated useful lives of both server and network equipment from four 
years  to  six  years.  This  change  in  accounting  estimate  was  effective  beginning fiscal  year  2023. Based  on  the  carrying 
amount of server and network equipment included in property and equipment, net as of June 30, 2022, the effect of this 
change in estimate for fiscal year 2023 was an increase in operating income of $3.7 billion and net income of $3.0 billion, 
or $0.40 per both basic and diluted share.  

Foreign Currencies  

Assets and liabilities recorded in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue 
and  expenses  are  translated  at  average  rates  of  exchange  prevailing  during  the  year. Translation  adjustments  resulting 
from this process are recorded to other comprehensive income.  

Revenue  

Product Revenue and Service and Other Revenue  

Product  revenue includes  sales  from  operating  systems, cross-device  productivity  and  collaboration  applications,  server 
applications,  business  solution  applications,  desktop  and  server  management  tools,  software  development  tools,  video 
games,  and  hardware  such  as  PCs,  tablets,  gaming  and  entertainment  consoles,  other  intelligent  devices,  and  related 
accessories.  

Service  and  other  revenue  includes  sales  from  cloud-based  solutions  that  provide  customers  with  software,  services, 
platforms,  and  content  such  as  Office  365,  Azure,  Dynamics  365,  and  Xbox;  solution  support;  and  consulting  services. 
Service and other revenue also includes sales from online advertising and LinkedIn.  

48 

  
Revenue Recognition  

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects 
the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We enter into contracts that can include 
various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate 
performance  obligations.  Revenue  is  recognized  net  of  allowances  for  returns  and  any  taxes  collected from  customers, 
which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.  

Nature of Products and Services  

Licenses for on-premises software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available 
to the customer. Customers may purchase perpetual licenses or subscribe to licenses, which provide customers with the 
same  functionality  and  differ  mainly  in  the  duration  over  which  the  customer  benefits  from  the  software.  Revenue  from 
distinct on-premises licenses is recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. 
In  cases  where  we  allocate  revenue  to  software  updates,  primarily  because  the  updates  are  provided  at  no  additional 
charge, revenue is recognized as the updates are provided, which is generally ratably over the estimated life of the related 
device or license.  

Certain volume licensing programs, including Enterprise Agreements, include on-premises licenses combined with Software 
Assurance (“SA”). SA conveys rights to new software and upgrades released over the contract period and provides support, 
tools, and training to help customers deploy and use products more efficiently. On-premises licenses are considered distinct 
performance  obligations  when  sold  with  SA.  Revenue  allocated  to  SA  is  generally  recognized  ratably  over  the  contract 
period  as  customers  simultaneously  consume  and  receive  benefits,  given  that  SA  comprises  distinct  performance 
obligations that are satisfied over time.  

Cloud services, which allow customers to use hosted  software over the contract period without taking possession of the 
software,  are  provided  on  either  a  subscription  or  consumption  basis.  Revenue  related  to  cloud  services  provided  on  a 
subscription  basis  is  recognized  ratably  over  the  contract  period.  Revenue  related  to  cloud  services  provided  on  a 
consumption basis, such as the amount of storage used in a period, is recognized based on the customer utilization of such 
resources.  When  cloud  services  require  a  significant  level  of  integration  and  interdependency  with  software  and  the 
individual components are not considered distinct, all revenue is recognized over the period in which the cloud services are 
provided.  

Revenue from search advertising is recognized when the advertisement appears in the search results or when the action 
necessary  to  earn  the  revenue  has  been  completed.  Revenue  from  consulting  services  is  recognized  as  services  are 
provided.  

Our hardware is generally highly dependent on, and interrelated with, the underlying operating system and cannot function 
without the operating system. In these cases, the hardware and software license are accounted for as a single performance 
obligation  and  revenue  is  recognized  at  the  point  in  time  when  ownership  is  transferred  to  resellers  or  directly  to  end 
customers through retail stores and online marketplaces.  

Refer  to  Note  19  –  Segment  Information  and  Geographic  Data  for  further  information,  including  revenue  by  significant 
product and service offering.  

Significant Judgments  

Our contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining 
whether  products  and  services  are  considered  distinct  performance  obligations  that  should  be  accounted  for  separately 
versus together may require significant judgment. When a cloud-based service includes both on-premises software licenses 
and cloud services, judgment is required to determine whether the software license is considered distinct and accounted 
for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with the cloud service and recognized over time. Certain cloud 
services, primarily Office 365, depend on a significant level of integration, interdependency, and interrelation between the 
desktop  applications  and  cloud  services,  and  are  accounted  for  together  as  one  performance  obligation.  Revenue from 
Office 365 is recognized ratably over the period in which the cloud services are provided.  

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We use a single amount to estimate 
SSP for items that are not sold separately, including on-premises licenses sold with SA or software updates provided at no 
additional charge. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP when we sell each of the products and services separately 
and need to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and 
services.  

49 

In  instances  where  SSP  is  not  directly  observable,  such  as  when  we  do  not  sell  the  product  or  service  separately,  we 
determine the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. We typically have 
more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers 
and circumstances. In these instances, we may use information such as the size of the customer and geographic region in 
determining the SSP.  

Due to the various benefits from and the nature of our SA program, judgment is required to assess the pattern of delivery, 
including the exercise pattern of certain benefits across our portfolio of customers.  

Our products are generally sold with a right of return, we may provide other credits or incentives, and in certain instances 
we  estimate  customer  usage  of  our  products  and  services,  which  are  accounted  for  as  variable  consideration  when 
determining the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and credits are estimated at contract inception and updated at 
the  end  of  each  reporting  period  if  additional  information  becomes  available.  Changes  to  our  estimated  variable 
consideration were not material for the periods presented.  

Contract Balances and Other Receivables  

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. We record a receivable when revenue 
is recognized prior to invoicing, or unearned revenue when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. For multi-year 
agreements,  we  generally  invoice  customers  annually  at  the  beginning  of  each  annual  coverage  period.  We  record  a 
receivable related to revenue recognized for multi-year on-premises licenses as we have an unconditional right to invoice 
and receive payment in the future related to those licenses.  

Unearned revenue comprises mainly unearned revenue related to volume licensing programs, which may include SA and 
cloud  services.  Unearned  revenue  is  generally invoiced  annually  at  the  beginning  of  each contract  period for multi-year 
agreements  and  recognized  ratably  over the  coverage  period.  Unearned  revenue  also  includes  payments for  consulting 
services to be performed in the future, LinkedIn subscriptions, Office 365 subscriptions, Xbox subscriptions, Windows post-
delivery support, Dynamics business solutions, and other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the 
revenue when we transfer control of the product or service.  

Refer  to  Note  13  –  Unearned  Revenue for further information, including  unearned  revenue  by  segment  and  changes  in 
unearned revenue during the period.  

Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 
to 60 days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined 
our contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of our invoicing terms is to 
provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing our products and services, not to receive financing 
from our customers or to provide customers with financing. Examples include invoicing at the beginning of a subscription 
term  with  revenue  recognized  ratably  over  the  contract  period,  and  multi-year  on-premises  licenses  that  are  invoiced 
annually with revenue recognized upfront.  

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, long-term accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was $4.5 billion and 
$3.8 billion, respectively, and is included in other long-term assets in our consolidated balance sheets.  

The  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  reflects  our  best  estimate  of  probable  losses  inherent  in  the  accounts  receivable 
balance.  We  determine  the  allowance  based  on  known  troubled  accounts,  historical  experience,  and  other  currently 
available evidence.  

Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows: 

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Balance, beginning of period 

Charged to costs and other 
Write-offs 

Balance, end of period 

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

   710   $ 
258  
    (252) 

   798   $ 
157  
    (245) 

   816  
234  
    (252) 

$ 

716   $ 

710   $ 

798  

50 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Allowance for doubtful accounts included in our consolidated balance sheets:  

(In millions) 

June 30, 

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts 
Other long-term assets 

Total 

$ 

$ 

2022 

2021 

2023 
650   $ 

751  
        66             77             47  

633   $ 

716   $ 

710   $ 

798  

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, other receivables related to activities to facilitate the purchase of server components were 
$9.2 billion and $6.1 billion, respectively, and are included in other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets.  

We record financing receivables when we offer certain of our customers the option to acquire our software products and 
services offerings through a financing program in a limited number of countries. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, our financing 
receivables, net were $5.3 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively, for short-term and long-term financing receivables, which 
are included in other current assets and other long-term assets in our consolidated balance sheets. We record an allowance 
to cover expected losses based on troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  

Assets Recognized from Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer  

We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those 
costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be 
capitalized. Total capitalized costs to obtain a contract were immaterial during the periods presented and are included in 
other current and long-term assets in our consolidated balance sheets.  

We  apply  a  practical  expedient  to  expense  costs  as  incurred  for  costs  to  obtain  a  contract  with  a  customer  when  the 
amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include our internal sales organization compensation 
program and certain partner sales incentive programs as we have determined annual compensation is commensurate with 
annual sales activities.  

Cost of Revenue  

Cost of revenue includes: manufacturing and distribution costs for products sold and programs licensed; operating costs 
related to product support service centers and product distribution centers; costs incurred to include software on PCs sold 
by original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”), to drive traffic to our websites, and to acquire online advertising space; costs 
incurred  to  support  and  maintain  cloud-based  and  other  online  products  and  services,  including  datacenter  costs  and 
royalties; warranty costs; inventory valuation adjustments; costs associated with the delivery of consulting services; and the 
amortization  of  capitalized  software  development  costs.  Capitalized  software  development costs  are  amortized  over the 
estimated lives of the products.  

Product Warranty  

We provide for the estimated costs of fulfilling our obligations under hardware and software warranties at the time the related 
revenue is recognized. For hardware warranties, we estimate the costs based on historical and projected product failure 
rates,  historical  and  projected  repair  costs,  and  knowledge  of  specific  product  failures  (if  any).  The  specific  hardware 
warranty terms and conditions vary depending upon the product sold and the country in which we do business, but generally 
include parts and labor over a period generally ranging from 90 days to three years. For software warranties, we estimate 
the costs to provide bug fixes, such as security patches, over the estimated life of the software. We regularly reevaluate our 
estimates to assess the adequacy of the recorded warranty liabilities and adjust the amounts as necessary.  

Research and Development  

Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, and other 
headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-
party development and programming costs and the amortization of purchased software code and services content. Such 
costs related to software development are included in research and development expense until the point that technological 
feasibility is reached, which for our software products, is generally shortly before the products are released to production. 

51 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Once technological feasibility is reached, such costs are capitalized and amortized to cost of revenue over the estimated 
lives of the products.  

Sales and Marketing  

Sales  and  marketing  expenses  include  payroll,  employee  benefits,  stock-based  compensation  expense,  and  other 
headcount-related expenses associated with sales and marketing personnel, and the costs of advertising, promotions, trade 
shows, seminars, and other programs. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $904 million, 
$1.5 billion, and $1.5 billion in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.  

Stock-Based Compensation  

Compensation cost for stock awards, which include restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”), 
is measured at the fair value on the grant date and recognized as expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the related 
service or performance period. The fair value of stock awards is based on the quoted price of our common stock on the 
grant date less the present value of expected dividends not received during the vesting period. We measure the fair value 
of PSUs using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Compensation cost for RSUs is recognized using the straight-line method 
and for PSUs is recognized using the accelerated method.  

Compensation  expense  for  the  employee  stock  purchase  plan  (“ESPP”)  is  measured  as  the  discount  the  employee  is 
entitled to upon purchase and is recognized in the period of purchase.  

Employee Severance  

On January 18, 2023, we announced a decision to reduce our overall workforce by approximately 10,000 jobs through the 
third quarter of fiscal year 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $800 million of employee 
severance  expenses  related  to  these  job  eliminations  as  part  of  an  ongoing  employee  benefit  plan.  These  employee 
severance  expenses  were  incurred  as  part  of  a  corporate  program,  and  were  included  in  general  and  administrative 
expenses in our consolidated income statements and allocated to our segments based on relative gross margin. Refer to 
Note 19 – Segment Information and Geographic Data for further information.  

Income Taxes  

Income tax expense includes U.S. and international income taxes, and interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions. 
Certain income and expenses are not reported in tax returns and financial statements in the same year. The tax effect of 
such  temporary  differences  is  reported  as  deferred  income  taxes.  Deferred  tax  assets  are  reported  net  of  a  valuation 
allowance when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. All deferred income taxes are classified as 
long-term in our consolidated balance sheets.  

Financial Instruments  

Investments  

We consider all highly liquid interest-earning investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to 
be cash equivalents. The fair values of these investments approximate their carrying values. In general, investments with 
original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term 
investments. Investments with maturities beyond one year may be classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature 
and because such marketable securities represent the investment of cash that is available for current operations.  

Debt  investments  are  classified  as  available-for-sale  and  realized  gains  and  losses  are  recorded  using  the  specific 
identification method. Changes in fair value, excluding credit losses and impairments, are recorded in other comprehensive 
income.  Fair  value  is  calculated  based  on  publicly  available  market  information  or  other  estimates  determined  by 
management.  If  the  cost  of  an  investment  exceeds  its  fair  value,  we  evaluate,  among  other  factors,  general  market 
conditions, credit quality of debt instrument issuers, and the extent to which the fair value is less than cost. To determine 
credit  losses,  we  employ  a  systematic  methodology  that  considers  available  quantitative  and  qualitative  evidence.  In 
addition, we consider specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of, and business outlook for, the investee. If 
we have plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery, 
then a decline in fair value below cost is recorded as an impairment charge in other income (expense), net and a new cost 

52 

  
basis  in  the  investment  is  established.  If  market,  industry,  and/or  investee  conditions  deteriorate,  we  may  incur  future 
impairments.  

Equity  investments  with  readily  determinable  fair  values  are  measured  at  fair value.  Equity  investments  without  readily 
determinable  fair  values  are  measured  using  the  equity  method  or  measured  at  cost  with  adjustments  for  observable 
changes in price or impairments (referred to as the measurement alternative). We perform a qualitative assessment on a 
periodic basis and recognize an impairment if there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the investment is less than 
carrying value. Changes in value are recorded in other income (expense), net.  

Derivatives  

Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. The accounting for changes 
in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation.  

For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, gains and losses are recognized in other income (expense), 
net with offsetting gains and losses on the hedged items. Gains and losses representing hedge components excluded from 
the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in other income (expense), net.  

For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, gains and losses are initially reported as a component of other 
comprehensive income and subsequently recognized in other income (expense), net with the corresponding hedged item. 
Gains and losses representing hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in other 
income (expense), net.  

For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges, gains and losses from changes in fair values are primarily 
recognized in other income (expense), net.  

Fair Value Measurements  

We account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value. The hierarchy below lists three levels of fair value based on the 
extent  to  which  inputs  used  in  measuring  fair  value  are  observable  in  the  market. We  categorize  each  of  our  fair  value 
measurements in one of these three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement 
in its entirety. These levels are:  

• 

• 

• 

Level 1  –  inputs  are  based  upon  unadjusted  quoted  prices  for  identical  instruments  in  active  markets.  Our 
Level 1 investments include U.S. government securities, common and preferred stock, and mutual funds. Our 
Level 1 derivative assets and liabilities include those actively traded on exchanges.  

Level 2  –  inputs  are  based  upon  quoted  prices  for  similar  instruments  in  active  markets,  quoted  prices  for 
identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques (e.g. the 
Black-Scholes model) for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by 
observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Where applicable, these models 
project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable 
inputs including interest rate curves, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates, and forward and spot prices for 
currencies. Our Level 2 investments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, U.S. agency securities, 
foreign government bonds, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, corporate notes and bonds, and municipal 
securities.  Our  Level 2  derivative  assets  and  liabilities  include  certain  cleared  swap  contracts  and  over-the-
counter forward, option, and swap contracts.  

Level 3 – inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that 
market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using 
model-based techniques, including option pricing models and discounted cash flow models. Our Level 3 assets 
and  liabilities  include  investments  in  corporate  notes  and  bonds,  municipal  securities,  and  goodwill  and 
intangible assets, when they are recorded at fair value due to an impairment charge. Unobservable inputs used 
in the models are significant to the fair values of the assets and liabilities.  

We measure equity investments without readily determinable fair values on a nonrecurring basis. The fair values of these 
investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available, and may include quoted 
market prices, market comparables, and discounted cash flow projections.  

Our other current financial assets and current financial liabilities have fair values that approximate their carrying values.  

53 

  
Inventories  

Inventories are stated at average cost, subject to the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor, 
and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. Net realizable value is the estimated 
selling price less estimated costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. We regularly review inventory quantities on 
hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a 
reduction in utility below carrying value, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis through a charge to cost of revenue.  

Property and Equipment  

Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and depreciated using the straight-line method 
over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term. The estimated useful lives of our property and 
equipment  are  generally  as  follows:  computer  software  developed  or  acquired  for  internal  use,  three  years;  computer 
equipment, two to six years; buildings and improvements, five to 15 years; leasehold improvements, three to 20 years; and 
furniture and equipment, one to 10 years. Land is not depreciated.  

Leases  

We  determine  if  an  arrangement  is  a  lease  at  inception.  Operating  leases  are  included  in  operating  lease  right-of-use 
(“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases 
are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance 
sheets.  

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation 
to  make  lease  payments  arising  from  the  lease.  Operating  lease  ROU  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  at 
commencement  date  based  on  the  present value  of lease  payments  over  the lease  term.  As most  of  our leases  do  not 
provide  an  implicit  rate,  we  generally  use  our  incremental  borrowing  rate  based  on  the  estimated  rate  of  interest  for 
collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset 
also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or 
terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we  will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is 
recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. For certain 
equipment leases, such as vehicles, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a  single lease component. 
Additionally, for certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease ROU 
assets and liabilities.  

Goodwill  

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) 
on an annual basis (May 1) and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely 
than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.  

Intangible Assets  

Our  intangible  assets  are  subject  to  amortization  and  are  amortized  using  the  straight-line  method  over  their  estimated 
period of benefit, ranging from one to 20 years. We evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets periodically by taking 
into account events or circumstances that may warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate the asset may be 
impaired.  

NOTE 2 — EARNINGS PER SHARE  

Basic  earnings  per  share  (“EPS”)  is  computed  based  on  the  weighted  average  number  of  shares  of  common  stock 
outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock 
plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive 
potential common shares include outstanding stock options and stock awards.  

54 

The components of basic and diluted EPS were as follows:  

(In millions, except earnings per share) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Net income available for common shareholders (A) 

Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock (B) 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards 

Common stock and common stock equivalents (C) 

Earnings Per Share 

Basic (A/B) 
Diluted (A/C) 

2023 

2021 
$    72,361   $   72,738   $   61,271  

2022 

7,446  
26  

7,472  

7,496  
44  

7,540  

7,547  
61  

7,608  

$ 
$ 

9.72   $ 
9.68   $ 

9.70   $ 
9.65   $ 

8.12  
8.05  

Anti-dilutive  stock-based  awards  excluded  from  the  calculations  of  diluted  EPS  were  immaterial  during  the  periods 
presented.  

The components of other income (expense), net were as follows:  

NOTE 3 — OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Interest and dividends income 
Interest expense 
Net recognized gains on investments 
Net gains (losses) on derivatives 
Net gains (losses) on foreign currency remeasurements 
Other, net 

2023 

2022 

2021 
$     2,994   $    2,094   $    2,131  
(2,346) 
1,232  
17  
54  
98  

(1,968) 
260  
(456) 
181  
(223) 

(2,063) 
461  
(52) 
(75) 
(32) 

Total 

$ 

788   $ 

333   $  1,186  

Net Recognized Gains (Losses) on Investments  

Net recognized gains (losses) on debt investments were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities 
Realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities 
Impairments and allowance for credit losses 

$ 

2023 

2022 
2021 
    36   $     162   $     105  
(40) 
(138) 
(2) 
(81) 

(124) 
(10) 

Total 

$ 

(98)  $ 

(57)  $ 

63  

Net recognized gains (losses) on equity investments were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Net realized gains on investments sold 
Net unrealized gains on investments still held 
Impairments of investments 

Total 

$ 

2023 

2022 
2021 
    75   $      29   $      123  
1,057  
509  
(11) 
(20) 

303  
(20) 

$ 

358   $ 

518   $ 

1,169  

55 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Investment Components  

The components of investments were as follows:  

NOTE 4 — INVESTMENTS  

(In millions) 

June 30, 2023 

Fair Value 
Level 

Adjusted 
Cost Basis 

Unrealized 
Gains 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Recorded 
Basis 

Cash and 
Cash 
Equivalents 

Short-term 
Investments 

Equity 
Investments 

Changes in Fair Value Recorded in 
Other Comprehensive Income 

Commercial paper 
Certificates of deposit 
U.S. government securities 
U.S. agency securities 
Foreign government bonds 
Mortgage- and asset-
backed securities 

Corporate notes and bonds 
Corporate notes and bonds 
Municipal securities 
Municipal securities 

  Level 2   $  16,589    $ 
  Level 2    
  Level 1    
  Level 2    
  Level 2    

2,701     
65,237     
2,703     
498     

0    $ 
0     
2     
0     
1     

0   $  16,589    $  12,231    $ 
0  
(3,870) 
0  
(24) 

2,701     
61,369     
2,703     
475     

2,657     
2,991     
894     
0     

4,358   $ 
44    
58,378    
1,809    
475    

  Level 2    
  Level 2    
  Level 3    
  Level 2    
  Level 3    

824     
10,809     
120     
285     
103     

1     
8     
0       
1     
0     
  13    $ 

(39) 
(583) 
 0  
(18) 
(16) 

786     
10,234     
120     
268     
87     

0     
0     
0     
7     
0     

786    
10,234    
120    
261    
87    

(4,550)  $  95,332    $  18,780    $  76,552   $ 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

Total debt investments 

$    99,869    $   

Changes in Fair Value Recorded in 

Net Income 

Equity investments 
Equity investments 

Total equity investments 

Level 1 
Other 

$  10,138    $ 

7,446    $ 

7,187     

0     

$  17,325    $ 

7,446    $ 

$ 

8,478    $ 

8,478    $ 

6     

0     

 0   $ 
0    
0   $ 

0   $ 
6    

$   121,141    $    34,704    $    76,558   $ 

2,692  
7,187  
9,879  

0  
0  
  9,879  

Fair Value 
Level 

Adjusted 
Cost Basis 

Unrealized 
Gains 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Recorded 
Basis 

Cash and 
Cash 
Equivalents 

Short-term 
Investments 

Equity 
Investments 

  Level 2   $ 
  Level 2    
  Level 1    
  Level 2    
  Level 2    

2,500    $ 
2,071     
79,696     
419     
506     

0    $ 
0     
29     
0     
0     

0   $ 
0  
(2,178) 
(9) 
(24) 

2,500    $ 
2,071     
77,547     
410     
482     

2,498    $ 
2,032     
9     
0     
0     

  Level 2    
  Level 2    
  Level 3    
  Level 2    
  Level 3    

727     
11,661     
67     
368     
103     

1     
4     
0       

19     
0     
  53    $ 

(30) 
(554) 
 0  
(13) 
(6) 

698     
11,111     
67     
374     
97     

0     
0     
0     
0     
0     

(2,814)  $    95,357    $    4,539    $    90,818   $ 

2   $ 

39    
77,538    
410    
482    

698    
11,111    
67    
374    
97    

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
  0  

Total debt investments 

$    98,118    $   

Changes in Fair Value Recorded in 

Net Income 

Equity investments 
Equity investments 

Total equity investments 

Level 1 
Other 

Cash 
Derivatives, net (a) 

Total 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,590    $ 
6,435     
8,025    $ 

1,134    $ 

0     

1,134    $ 

8,258    $ 

8,258    $ 

8     

0     

 0   $ 
0    
0   $ 

0   $ 
8    

$   111,648    $    13,931    $    90,826   $ 

456  
6,435  
6,891  

0  
0  
  6,891  

(a)  Refer to Note 5 – Derivatives for further information on the fair value of our derivative instruments.  

56 

Cash 
Derivatives, net (a) 

Total 

 (In millions) 

June 30, 2022 

Changes in Fair Value Recorded in 
Other Comprehensive Income 

Commercial paper 
Certificates of deposit 
U.S. government securities 
U.S. agency securities 
Foreign government bonds 
Mortgage- and asset-
backed securities 

Corporate notes and bonds 
Corporate notes and bonds 
Municipal securities 
Municipal securities 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Equity investments presented as “Other” in the tables above include investments without readily determinable fair values 
measured using the equity method or measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments, 
and investments measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient which are not categorized in the fair 
value hierarchy. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, equity investments without readily determinable fair values measured at 
cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments were $4.2 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively.  

Unrealized Losses on Debt Investments  

Debt investments with continuous unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater and their related fair 
values were as follows:  

(In millions) 

June 30, 2023 

Less than 12 Months 

12 Months or Greater 

Fair Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Total 
Fair Value 

Total 
Unrealized 
Losses 

U.S. government and agency securities 
Foreign government bonds 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities 
Corporate notes and bonds 
Municipal securities 

$ 

7,950   $ 
77    
257    
2,326    
111    

(336 )  $ 
(5 ) 
(5 ) 
(49 ) 
(3 ) 

45,273    $ 
391     
412     
7,336     
186     

(3,534 )  $ 
(19 ) 
(34 ) 
(534 ) 
(31 ) 

53,223     $ 
468    
669    
9,662    
297    

(3,870) 
(24) 
(39) 
(583) 
(34) 

Total 

$    10,721   $ 

(398 )  $    53,598    $   

  (4,152 )  $    64,319     $ 

(4,550) 

(In millions) 

June 30, 2022 

Less than 12 Months 

12 Months or Greater 

Fair Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Total 
Fair Value 

Total 
Unrealized 
Losses 

U.S. government and agency securities 
Foreign government bonds 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities 
Corporate notes and bonds 
Municipal securities 

$ 

59,092   $ 
418    
510    
9,443    
178    

(1,835 )  $ 
(18 ) 
(26 ) 
(477 ) 
(12 ) 

2,210    $ 
27     
41     
786     
74     

(352 )  $ 
(6 ) 
(4 ) 
(77 ) 
(7 ) 

61,302     $ 
445    
551    
10,229    
252    

(2,187) 
(24) 
(30) 
(554) 
(19) 

Total 

$    69,641   $  

(2,368 )  $ 

  3,138    $ 

  (446 )  $    72,779     $ 

(2,814) 

Unrealized losses from fixed-income securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. Management does not 
believe any remaining unrealized losses represent impairments based on our evaluation of available evidence.  

Debt Investment Maturities  

(In millions) 

June 30, 2023 

Due in one year or less 
Due after one year through five years 
Due after five years through 10 years 
Due after 10 years 

Total 

Adjusted 
Cost Basis 

Estimated 
Fair Value 

$ 

38,182   $ 
47,127    
13,262    
1,298    

38,048  
44,490  
11,628  
1,166  

$ 

 99,869   $ 

 95,332  

NOTE 5 — DERIVATIVES  

We  use  derivative instruments  to manage  risks  related  to foreign  currencies,  interest  rates,  equity  prices,  and  credit; to 
enhance investment returns; and to facilitate portfolio diversification. Our objectives for holding derivatives include reducing, 
eliminating,  and  efficiently managing  the  economic impact  of  these  exposures  as  effectively  as  possible. Our  derivative 
programs include strategies that both qualify and do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.  

57 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
Foreign Currencies  

Certain forecasted transactions, assets, and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency risk. We monitor our foreign currency 
exposures daily to maximize the economic effectiveness of our foreign currency hedge positions.  

Foreign  currency  risks  related  to  certain  non-U.S.  dollar-denominated  investments  are  hedged  using  foreign  exchange 
forward  contracts  that  are  designated  as  fair value  hedging  instruments.  Foreign  currency  risks  related  to  certain  Euro-
denominated  debt  are  hedged  using  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  that  are  designated  as  cash  flow  hedging 
instruments.  

Certain  options  and  forwards  not  designated  as  hedging  instruments  are  also  used  to  manage  the  variability  in  foreign 
exchange rates on certain balance sheet amounts and to manage other foreign currency exposures.  

Interest Rate  

Interest rate risks related to certain fixed-rate debt are hedged using interest rate swaps that are designated as fair value 
hedging instruments to effectively convert the fixed interest rates to floating interest rates.  

Securities held in our fixed-income portfolio are subject to different interest rate risks based on their maturities. We manage 
the average maturity of our fixed-income portfolio to achieve economic returns that correlate to certain broad-based fixed-
income indices using option, futures, and swap contracts. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and 
are included in “Other contracts” in the tables below.  

Equity  

Securities held in our equity investments portfolio are subject to market price risk. At times, we may hold options, futures, 
and swap contracts. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments.  

Credit  

Our fixed-income portfolio is diversified and consists primarily of investment-grade securities. We use credit default swap 
contracts  to  manage  credit  exposures  relative  to  broad-based  indices  and  to  facilitate  portfolio  diversification.  These 
contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are included in “Other contracts” in the tables below.  

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features  

Certain of our counterparty agreements for derivative instruments contain provisions that require our issued and outstanding 
long-term  unsecured  debt  to maintain  an  investment grade  credit  rating  and  require  us  to maintain minimum  liquidity  of 
$1.0 billion. To the extent we fail to meet these requirements, we will be required to post collateral, similar to the standard 
convention related to over-the-counter derivatives. As of June 30, 2023, our long-term unsecured debt rating was AAA, and 
cash investments were in excess of $1.0 billion. As a result, no collateral was required to be posted.  

The  following  table  presents  the  notional  amounts  of  our  outstanding  derivative  instruments  measured  in  U.S.  dollar 
equivalents:  

(In millions) 

Designated as Hedging Instruments 

Foreign exchange contracts purchased 
Interest rate contracts purchased 

Not Designated as Hedging Instruments 

Foreign exchange contracts purchased 
Foreign exchange contracts sold 
Equity contracts purchased 
Equity contracts sold 
Other contracts purchased 
Other contracts sold 

58 

June 30, 
2023 

June 30, 
2022 

$ 

1,492   $ 
1,078    

635  
1,139  

7,874    
    25,159    
3,867    
2,154    
1,224    
581    

10,322  
    21,606  
1,131  
0  
1,642  
544  

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments  

The following table presents our derivative instruments:  

(In millions) 

Designated as Hedging Instruments 

Foreign exchange contracts 
Interest rate contracts 
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments 

Foreign exchange contracts 
Equity contracts 
Other contracts 

Gross amounts of derivatives 

Gross amounts of derivatives offset in the balance sheet 
Cash collateral received 

Net amounts of derivatives 

Reported as 
Short-term investments 
Other current assets 
Other long-term assets 
Other current liabilities 
Other long-term liabilities 

Total 

Derivative 
Assets 

Derivative 
Liabilities 

Derivative 
Assets 

June 30, 
2023 

Derivative 
Liabilities 

June 30, 
2022 

$ 

34   $ 
16  

(67)  $ 
0  

0   $ 
3  

249  
165  
5  

469  
(202) 
0  

(332) 
(400) 
(6) 

(805) 
206  
(125) 

333  
5  
15  

356  
(130)   
0  

267   $ 

(724)  $ 

226   $ 

6   $ 

245  
16  
0  
0  

0   $ 
0  
0  
(341) 
(383) 

8   $ 

218  
0  
0  
0  

$ 

$ 

$ 

  267   $ 

(724)  $ 

  226   $ 

(77) 
0  

(362) 
(95) 
(17) 

(551) 
133  
(75) 

(493) 

0  
0  
0  
(298) 
(195) 

(493) 

Gross derivative assets and liabilities subject to legally enforceable master netting agreements for which we have elected 
to  offset  were  $442 million  and  $804 million,  respectively,  as  of  June 30,  2023,  and  $343 million  and  $550 million, 
respectively, as of June 30, 2022. 

The following table presents the fair value of our derivatives instruments on a gross basis:  

(In millions) 

June 30, 2023 

Derivative assets 
Derivative liabilities 

June 30, 2022 

Derivative assets 
Derivative liabilities 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

$ 

   0   $ 
0    

462   $ 
(805)   

   7   $ 
0    

1    
0    

 349  
(551)   

6    
0    

469  
(805) 

 356  
(551) 

Gains (losses) on derivative instruments recognized in other income (expense), net were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Designated as Fair Value Hedging Instruments 

Foreign exchange contracts 

Derivatives 
Hedged items 
Excluded from effectiveness assessment 

Interest rate contracts 

Derivatives 
Hedged items 

59 

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

0   $ 
0  
0  

49   $ 
(50) 
4  

(65) 
38  

(92) 
108  

193  
(188) 
30  

(37) 
53  

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
(In millions) 
Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments 

Foreign exchange contracts 

Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 

  61  

(79) 

17  

Not Designated as Hedging Instruments 

Foreign exchange contracts 
Equity contracts 
Other contracts 

(73) 
(420) 
(41) 

383  
  13  
(85) 

  27  
(6) 
15  

Gains (losses), net of tax, on derivative instruments recognized in our consolidated comprehensive income statements were 
as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments 

Foreign exchange contracts 

Included in effectiveness assessment 

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

    34  

  $   

  (57)  $ 

    34  

The components of inventories were as follows:  

NOTE 6 — INVENTORIES  

(In millions) 

June 30, 

Raw materials 
Work in process 
Finished goods 

Total 

The components of property and equipment were as follows:  

NOTE 7 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT  

(In millions) 

June 30, 

Land 
Buildings and improvements 
Leasehold improvements 
Computer equipment and software 
Furniture and equipment 

Total, at cost 

Accumulated depreciation 

Total, net 

$ 

2023 
709   $ 
23    
1,768    

2022 

1,144  
82  
2,516  

$      2,500   $      3,742  

2023 
5,683   $ 

$ 

  68,465  
8,537  
74,961  
6,246  

 163,892  
(68,251) 

2022 

4,734  
  55,014  
7,819  
60,631  
5,860  

134,058  
(59,660) 

$ 

95,641   $ 

74,398  

During  fiscal  years  2023,  2022,  and  2021,  depreciation  expense  was  $11.0 billion,  $12.6 billion,  and  $9.3 billion, 
respectively. Depreciation expense declined in fiscal year 2023 due to the change in estimated useful lives of our server 
and network equipment.  

As of June 30, 2023, we have committed $13.5 billion for the construction of new buildings, building improvements, and 
leasehold improvements, primarily related to datacenters.  

60 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
Nuance Communications, Inc.  

NOTE 8 — BUSINESS COMBINATIONS  

On March 4, 2022, we completed our acquisition of Nuance Communications, Inc. (“Nuance”) for a total purchase price of 
$18.8 billion, consisting primarily of cash. Nuance is a cloud and artificial intelligence (“AI”) software provider with healthcare 
and enterprise AI experience, and the acquisition will build on our industry-specific cloud offerings. The financial results of 
Nuance have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition. Nuance is reported 
as part of our Intelligent Cloud segment.  

The allocation of the purchase price to goodwill was completed as of December 31, 2022. The major classes of assets and 
liabilities to which we have allocated the purchase price were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Goodwill (a) 
Intangible assets 
Other assets 
Other liabilities (b) 

Total 

$ 

16,326  
4,365  
42  
(1,972) 

$ 

         18,761  

(a)  Goodwill was assigned to our Intelligent Cloud segment and was primarily attributed to increased synergies that are 
expected to be achieved from the integration of Nuance. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income 
tax purposes.  
Includes $986 million of convertible senior notes issued by Nuance in 2015 and 2017, substantially all of which have 
been redeemed.  

(b) 

Following are the details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired:  

(In millions, except average life) 

Customer-related 
Technology-based 
Marketing-related 

Total 

ZeniMax Media Inc.  

Amount 

Weighted 
Average Life 

$ 

       2,610   
1,540   
215   

$ 

         4,365   

9 years  
5 years  
4 years  

7 years  

On  March 9,  2021,  we  completed  our  acquisition  of  ZeniMax  Media  Inc.  (“ZeniMax”),  the  parent  company  of  Bethesda 
Softworks  LLC  (“Bethesda”),  for  a  total  purchase  price  of  $8.1 billion,  consisting  primarily  of  cash.  The  purchase  price 
included $766 million of cash and cash equivalents acquired. Bethesda is one of the largest, privately held game developers 
and publishers in the world, and brings a broad portfolio of games, technology, and talent to Xbox. The financial results of 
ZeniMax have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition. ZeniMax is reported 
as part of our More Personal Computing segment.  

The allocation of the purchase price to goodwill was completed as of December 31, 2021. The major classes of assets and 
liabilities to which we have allocated the purchase price were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Goodwill 
Intangible assets 
Other assets 
Other liabilities 

Total 

61 

$ 

766  
5,510  
1,968  
121  
(244) 

$              8,121  

  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
Goodwill  was  assigned  to  our  More  Personal  Computing  segment.  The  goodwill  was  primarily  attributed  to  increased 
synergies  that  are  expected  to  be  achieved  from  the  integration  of  ZeniMax.  None  of  the  goodwill  is  expected  to  be 
deductible for income tax purposes.  

Following are details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired:  

(In millions, except average life) 

Technology-based 
Marketing-related 

Total 

Activision Blizzard, Inc.  

$ 

Amount 

Weighted 
Average Life 

1,341   
627   

4 years  
11 years  

$ 

           1,968   

6 years  

On January 18, 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Activision Blizzard, Inc. (“Activision Blizzard”) for 
$95.00  per  share  in  an  all-cash  transaction  valued  at  $68.7 billion,  inclusive  of  Activision  Blizzard’s  net  cash.  Activision 
Blizzard is a leader in game development and an interactive entertainment content publisher. The acquisition will accelerate 
the growth in our gaming business across mobile, PC, console, and cloud gaming. The acquisition has been approved by 
Activision  Blizzard’s  shareholders.  We  continue  to  work  toward  closing  the  transaction  subject  to  obtaining  required 
regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions. Microsoft and Activision Blizzard have jointly 
agreed  to  extend  the  merger  agreement  through  October 18,  2023  to  allow  for  additional  time  to  resolve  remaining 
regulatory concerns.  

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:  

NOTE 9 — GOODWILL  

(In millions) 

Productivity and Business 

Processes 
Intelligent Cloud 
More Personal Computing 

June 30, 

June 30, 

2021  Acquisitions 

Other 

2022  Acquisitions 

Other 

June 30, 
2023 

$  24,317    $ 

599    $ 

13,256     
12,138     

16,879     
648     

(105)   $ 
47  
(255) 

24,811   $ 
30,182    
12,531    

11    $ 

223     
0     

(47 )  $  24,775  
30,469  
64  
12,642  
111  

Total 

$  49,711    $  18,126    $   (313)  $    67,524   $    234    $   128   $   67,886  

The measurement periods for the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed end as soon as information on the 
facts  and  circumstances  that  existed  as  of  the  acquisition  dates  becomes  available,  but  do  not  exceed  12  months. 
Adjustments in purchase price allocations may require a change in the amounts allocated to goodwill during the periods in 
which the adjustments are determined.  

Any change in the goodwill amounts resulting from foreign currency translations and purchase accounting adjustments are 
presented as “Other” in the table above. Also included in “Other” are business dispositions and transfers between segments 
due to reorganizations, as applicable.  

Goodwill Impairment  

We  test  goodwill  for  impairment  annually  on  May 1  at  the  reporting  unit  level,  primarily  using  a  discounted  cash  flow 
methodology with a peer-based, risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital. We believe use of a discounted cash flow 
approach is the most reliable indicator of the fair values of the businesses.  

No instances of impairment were identified in our May 1, 2023, May 1, 2022, or May 1, 2021 tests. As of June 30, 2023 and 
2022, accumulated goodwill impairment was $11.3 billion.  

62 

  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
The components of intangible assets, all of which are finite-lived, were as follows:  

NOTE 10 — INTANGIBLE ASSETS  

(In millions) 

June 30, 

Technology-based 
Customer-related 
Marketing-related 
Contract-based 

Total 

Gross 
Carrying 
Amount 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Net 
Carrying 
Amount 

Gross 
Carrying 
Amount 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

$ 

11,245   $ 
7,281  
4,935  
29  

(7,589)  $ 
(4,047) 
(2,473) 
(15) 

2023 
3,656   $ 
3,234  
2,462  
14  

11,277   $ 
7,342  
4,942  
16  

(6,958)  $ 
(3,171) 
(2,143) 
(7) 

Net 
Carrying 
Amount 

2022 

4,319  
4,171  
2,799  
9  

$ 

  23,490   $ 

  (14,124)   $ 

    9,366   $ 

  23,577   $ 

  (12,279)  $ 

    11,298  

No material impairments of intangible assets were identified during fiscal years 2023, 2022, or 2021. We estimate that we 
have no significant residual value related to our intangible assets.  

The components of intangible assets acquired during the periods presented were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Technology-based 
Customer-related 
Marketing-related 
Contract-based 

Total 

Amount 

Weighted 
Average Life 

2023 
522    
0 
7 
12 
  541    

$ 

$ 

7 years   $ 
0 years 
5 years 
3 years 
6 years   $ 

Amount 

2022 

2,611    
2,837 
233 
0 

  5,681    

Weighted 
Average Life 

4 years  
9 years 
4 years 
0 years 
7 years  

Intangible assets amortization expense was $2.5 billion, $2.0 billion, and $1.6 billion for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, 
respectively.  

The following table outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held as of June 30, 2023:  

(In millions) 

Year Ending June 30, 

2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
Thereafter 
Total 

$ 

2,363  
1,881  
1,381  
929  
652  
2,160  

$ 

      9,366  

The components of debt were as follows:  

NOTE 11 — DEBT  

(In millions, issuance by calendar year) 

Maturities 
(calendar year) 

Stated Interest 
Rate 

2009 issuance of $3.8 billion 
2010 issuance of $4.8 billion 
2011 issuance of $2.3 billion 
2012 issuance of $2.3 billion 

2039    
2040    
2041    
2042    

5.20%    
4.50%    
5.30%    
3.50%    

63 

Effective 
Interest 
Rate 

5.24%   $ 
4.57%  
5.36%  
3.57%  

June 30, 
2023 

520   $ 
486  
718  
454  

June 30, 
2022 

520  
486  
718  
1,204  

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In millions, issuance by calendar year) 
2013 issuance of $5.2 billion 
2013 issuance of €4.1 billion 
2015 issuance of $23.8 billion 
2016 issuance of $19.8 billion 
2017 issuance of $17.0 billion 
2020 issuance of $10.0 billion 
2021 issuance of $8.2 billion 

Total face value 

Unamortized discount and 

issuance costs 

Hedge fair value adjustments (a) 
Premium on debt exchange 

Total debt 

Current portion of long-term debt 

Long-term debt 

Maturities 
(calendar year) 

Stated Interest 
Rate 

Effective 
Interest 
Rate 
2023–2043     3.63%–4.88%     3.73%–4.92%  
2028–2033     2.63%–3.13%     2.69%–3.22%  
2025–2055     2.70%–4.75%     2.77%–4.78%  
2023–2056     2.00%–3.95%     2.10%–4.03%  
2024–2057     2.88%–4.50%     3.04%–4.53%  
2050–2060     2.53%–2.68%     2.53%–2.68%  
2052–2062     2.92%–3.04%     2.92%–3.04%  

June 30, 
2023 
1,814  
2,509  
9,805  
9,430  
8,945  
10,000  
8,185  

52,866  

(438) 
(106) 
(5,085) 

47,237  
(5,247) 

June 30, 
2022 
2,814  
2,404  
10,805  
9,430  
8,945  
10,000  
8,185  

55,511  

(471) 
(68) 
(5,191) 

49,781  
(2,749) 

$ 

  41,990   $  

  47,032  

(a)  Refer to Note 5 – Derivatives for further information on the interest rate swaps related to fixed-rate debt.  

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the estimated fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $46.2 billion 
and $50.9 billion, respectively. The estimated fair values are based on Level 2 inputs.  

Debt  in  the  table  above  is  comprised  of  senior  unsecured  obligations  and  ranks  equally  with  our  other  outstanding 
obligations.  Interest is  paid  semi-annually,  except for  the  Euro-denominated  debt,  which is  paid  annually.  Cash  paid  for 
interest on our debt for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $1.7 billion, $1.9 billion, and $2.0 billion, respectively. 

The following table outlines maturities of our long-term debt, including the current portion, as of June 30, 2023:  

(In millions) 

Year Ending June 30, 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
Thereafter 

Total 

$ 

$ 

5,250  
2,250  
3,000  
8,000  
0  
34,366  

  52,866  

Provision for Income Taxes  

The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:  

NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Current Taxes 

U.S. federal 
U.S. state and local 
Foreign 

Current taxes 

Deferred Taxes 

U.S. federal 
U.S. state and local 

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

14,009   $ 

2,322  
6,678  

8,329   $ 
1,679  
6,672  

3,285  
1,229  
5,467  

$ 

  23,009   $ 

  16,680   $ 

   9,981  

$ 

(6,146)  $ 
(477) 

(4,815)  $ 
(1,062) 

25  
(204) 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
(In millions) 
Foreign 

Deferred taxes 

Provision for income taxes 

U.S. and foreign components of income before income taxes were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

U.S. 
Foreign 

Income before income taxes 

Effective Tax Rate  

564  

175  

29  

$ 

$ 

(6,059)  $ 

(5,702)  $ 

(150) 

16,950   $ 

10,978   $ 

9,831  

2023 
52,917   $ 
36,394    
  89,311   $ 

$ 

$ 

2022 

2021 

47,837   $ 
35,879    

34,972  
36,130  

  83,716   $ 

  71,102  

The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate and our effective 
rate were as follows:  

Year Ended June 30, 

Federal statutory rate 
Effect of: 

Foreign earnings taxed at lower rates 
Impact of intangible property transfers 
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction 
State income taxes, net of federal benefit 
Research and development credit 
Excess tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation 
Interest, net 
Other reconciling items, net 

Effective rate 

2023 
21.0%    

2022 

2021 

21.0%    

21.0%  

(1.8)%    
0%    
(1.3)%    
1.6%    
(1.1)%    
(0.7)%    
0.8%    
0.5%    

(1.3)%    
(3.9)%    
(1.1)%    
1.4%    
(0.9)%    
(1.9)%    
0.5%    
(0.7)%    

(2.7)%  
0%  
(1.3)%  
1.4%  
(0.9)%  
(2.4)%  
0.5%  
(1.8)%  

  19.0%    

  13.1%    

  13.8%  

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, we transferred certain intangible properties from our Puerto Rico subsidiary to the 
U.S. The transfer of intangible properties resulted in a $3.3 billion net income tax benefit in the first quarter of fiscal year 
2022, as the value of future U.S. tax deductions exceeded the current tax liability from the U.S. global intangible low-taxed 
income (“GILTI”) tax.  

We  have  historically  paid  India  withholding  taxes  on  software  sales  through  distributor  withholding  and  tax  audit 
assessments in India. In March 2021, the India Supreme Court ruled favorably in the case of Engineering Analysis Centre 
of Excellence Private Limited vs The Commissioner of Income Tax for companies in 86 separate appeals, some dating back 
to 2012, holding that software sales are not subject to India withholding taxes. Although we were not a party to the appeals, 
our software sales in India were determined to be not subject to withholding taxes. Therefore, we recorded a net income 
tax benefit of $620 million in the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 to reflect the results of the India Supreme Court decision 
impacting fiscal year 1996 through fiscal year 2016.  

The decrease from the federal statutory rate in fiscal year 2023 is primarily due to earnings taxed at lower rates in foreign 
jurisdictions  resulting from  producing  and  distributing our  products  and  services  through  our  foreign  regional  operations 
center in Ireland. The  decrease from  the federal  statutory  rate in fiscal  year  2022  is  primarily  due  to  the  net income tax 
benefit related to the transfer of intangible properties, earnings taxed at lower rates in foreign jurisdictions resulting from 
producing  and  distributing  our  products  and  services  through  our  foreign  regional  operations  center  in  Ireland,  and  tax 
benefits relating to stock-based compensation. The decrease from the federal statutory rate in fiscal year 2021 is primarily 
due  to  earnings  taxed  at  lower  rates  in  foreign  jurisdictions  resulting  from  producing  and  distributing  our  products  and 
services  through  our foreign  regional  operations  centers  in Ireland  and  Puerto  Rico,  tax  benefits  relating  to stock-based 
compensation, and tax benefits from the India Supreme Court decision on withholding taxes. In fiscal year 2023, our foreign 
regional operating center in Ireland, which is taxed at a rate lower than the U.S. rate, generated 81% of our foreign income 

65 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
before tax. In fiscal years 2022 and 2021, our foreign regional operating centers in Ireland and Puerto Rico, which are taxed 
at rates lower than the U.S. rate, generated 71% and 82% of our foreign income before tax. Other reconciling items, net 
consists primarily of tax credits and GILTI tax, and in fiscal year 2021, includes tax benefits from the India Supreme Court 
decision on withholding taxes. In fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, there were no individually significant other reconciling 
items.  

The increase in our effective tax rate for fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022 was primarily due to a $3.3 billion 
net income tax benefit in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 related to the transfer of intangible properties and a decrease 
in tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation. The decrease in our effective tax rate for fiscal year 2022 compared 
to fiscal year 2021 was primarily due to a $3.3 billion net income tax benefit in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 related to 
the transfer of intangible properties, offset in part by changes in the mix of our income before income taxes between the 
U.S. and foreign countries, as well as tax benefits in the prior year from the India Supreme Court decision on withholding 
taxes, an agreement between the U.S. and India tax authorities related to transfer pricing, and final Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 
(“TCJA”) regulations.  

The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:  

(In millions) 

June 30, 

Deferred Income Tax Assets 

Stock-based compensation expense 
Accruals, reserves, and other expenses 
Loss and credit carryforwards 
Amortization (a) 
Leasing liabilities 
Unearned revenue 
Book/tax basis differences in investments and debt 
Capitalized research and development (a) 
Other 

Deferred income tax assets 

Less valuation allowance 

Deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance 

Deferred Income Tax Liabilities 

Book/tax basis differences in investments and debt 
Leasing assets 
Depreciation 
Deferred tax on foreign earnings 
Other 

Deferred income tax liabilities 

Net deferred income tax assets 

Reported As 

Other long-term assets 
Long-term deferred income tax liabilities 

Net deferred income tax assets 

2023 

2022 

$ 

681   $ 

3,131  
1,441  
9,440  
5,041  
3,296  
373  
6,958  
489  

30,850  
(939) 

29,911   $ 

0   $ 

(4,680) 
(2,674) 
(2,738) 
(89) 

(10,181)  $ 

601  
2,874  
1,546  
10,183  
4,557  
2,876  
0  
473  
461  

23,571  
(1,012) 

22,559  

(174) 
(4,291) 
(1,602) 
(3,104) 
(103) 

(9,274) 

19,730   $ 

13,285  

20,163   $ 
(433) 

13,515  
(230) 

  19,730   $ 

  13,285  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(a)  Provisions  enacted  in  the  TCJA  related  to  the  capitalization  for  tax  purposes  of  research  and  development 
expenditures became effective on July 1, 2022. These provisions require us to capitalize research and development 
expenditures  and  amortize  them  on  our  U.S.  tax return  over  five  or  fifteen  years,  depending  on  where  research  is 
conducted.  

Deferred  income  tax  balances  reflect  the  effects  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities  and  their  tax  bases  and  are  stated  at  enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  be  in  effect  when  the  taxes  are  paid  or 
recovered.  

66 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
As of June 30, 2023, we had federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $509 million, $1.2 billion, and 
$2.3 billion, respectively. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards have varying expiration dates ranging from 
fiscal  year  2024  to  2043  or  indefinite  carryforward  periods,  if  not  utilized.  The majority  of  our foreign  net  operating  loss 
carryforwards do not expire. Certain acquired net operating loss carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation but are 
expected  to  be  realized  with  the  exception  of  those  which  have  a  valuation  allowance.  As  of  June 30,  2023,  we  had 
$456 million federal capital loss carryforwards for U.S. tax purposes from our acquisition of Nuance. The federal capital loss 
carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation and will expire in fiscal year 2025.  

The valuation allowance disclosed in the table above relates to the foreign net operating loss carryforwards, federal capital 
loss carryforwards, and other net deferred tax assets that may not be realized.  

Income taxes paid, net of refunds, were $23.1 billion, $16.0 billion, and $13.4 billion in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, 
respectively.  

Uncertain Tax Positions  

Gross unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, were $17.1 billion, 
$15.6 billion, and $14.6 billion, respectively, which were primarily included in long-term income taxes in our consolidated 
balance sheets. If recognized, the resulting tax benefit would affect our effective tax rates for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 
2021 by $14.4 billion, $13.3 billion, and $12.5 billion, respectively.  

As of June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we had accrued interest expense related to uncertain tax positions of $5.2 billion, 
$4.3 billion, and $4.3 billion, respectively, net of income tax benefits. The provision for income taxes for fiscal years 2023, 
2022, and 2021 included interest expense related to uncertain tax positions of $918 million, $36 million, and $274 million, 
respectively, net of income tax benefits.  

The aggregate changes in the gross unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Beginning unrecognized tax benefits 
Decreases related to settlements 
Increases for tax positions related to the current year 
Increases for tax positions related to prior years 
Decreases for tax positions related to prior years 
Decreases due to lapsed statutes of limitations 

Ending unrecognized tax benefits 

$ 

2023 
15,593   $ 
(329)   
1,051  
870  
(60)   
(5)   

2022 

14,550   $ 
(317)   
1,145  
461  
(246)   
0  

2021 

13,792  
(195) 
790  
461  
(297) 
(1) 

$ 

  17,120   $ 

  15,593   $ 

  14,550  

We settled a portion of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) audit for tax years 2004 to 2006 in fiscal year 2011. In February 
2012,  the  IRS  withdrew  its  2011  Revenue  Agents  Report  related  to  unresolved  issues  for  tax  years  2004  to  2006  and 
reopened the audit phase of the examination. We also settled a portion of the IRS audit for tax years 2007 to 2009 in fiscal 
year 2016, and a portion of the IRS audit for tax years 2010 to 2013 in fiscal year 2018. In the second quarter of fiscal year 
2021, we settled an additional portion of the IRS audits for tax years 2004 to 2013 and made a payment of $1.7 billion, 
including tax and interest. We remain under audit for tax years 2004 to 2017.  

As of June 30, 2023, the primary unresolved issues for the IRS audits relate to transfer pricing, which could have a material 
impact in our consolidated financial statements when the matters are resolved. We believe our allowances for income tax 
contingencies are adequate. We have not received a proposed assessment for the unresolved key transfer pricing issues. 
We do not expect a final resolution of these issues in the next 12 months. Based on the information currently available, we 
do not anticipate a significant increase or decrease to our tax contingencies for these issues within the next 12 months.  

We are subject to income tax in many jurisdictions outside the U.S. Our operations in certain jurisdictions remain subject to 
examination for tax years 1996 to 2022, some of which are currently under audit by local tax authorities. The resolution of 
each of these audits is not expected to be material to our consolidated financial statements. 

67 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
NOTE 13 — UNEARNED REVENUE  

Unearned revenue by segment was as follows:  

(In millions) 

June 30, 

Productivity and Business Processes 
Intelligent Cloud 
More Personal Computing 

Total 

Changes in unearned revenue were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 2023 

Balance, beginning of period 

Deferral of revenue 
Recognition of unearned revenue 

Balance, end of period 

$ 

2023 

27,572   $ 
21,563    
4,678    

2022 

24,558  
19,371  
4,479  

$ 

  53,813   $ 

  48,408  

$ 

48,408  
123,935  
(118,530) 

$ 

  53,813  

Revenue  allocated  to  remaining  performance  obligations,  which  includes  unearned  revenue  and  amounts  that  will  be 
invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods, was $229 billion as of June 30, 2023, of which $224 billion is related 
to the commercial portion of revenue. We expect to recognize approximately 45% of this revenue over the next 12 months 
and the remainder thereafter.  

NOTE 14 — LEASES  

We  have  operating  and finance leases  for  datacenters,  corporate  offices,  research  and  development facilities,  Microsoft 
Experience Centers, and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 18 years, some 
of which include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases 
within 1 year.  

The components of lease expense were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Operating lease cost 

Finance lease cost: 

Amortization of right-of-use assets 
Interest on lease liabilities 

Total finance lease cost 

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: 

Operating cash flows from operating leases 
Operating cash flows from finance leases 
Financing cash flows from finance leases 

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: 

Operating leases 
Finance leases 

68 

2023 
  2,875   $ 

2022 

2021 

  2,461   $ 

  2,127  

1,352   $ 
501    

980   $ 
429    

921  
386  

1,853   $ 

1,409   $ 

1,307  

$ 

$ 

$ 

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

  2,706   $ 
501    
1,056    

  2,368   $ 
429    
896    

  2,052  
386  
648  

3,514    
3,128    

5,268    
4,234    

4,380  
3,290  

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:  

(In millions, except lease term and discount rate) 

June 30, 

Operating Leases 

Operating lease right-of-use assets 

Other current liabilities 
Operating lease liabilities 

Total operating lease liabilities 

Finance Leases 

Property and equipment, at cost 
Accumulated depreciation 

Property and equipment, net 

Other current liabilities 
Other long-term liabilities 

Total finance lease liabilities 

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term 

Operating leases 
Finance leases 

Weighted Average Discount Rate 

Operating leases 
Finance leases 

The following table outlines maturities of our lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023:  

(In millions) 

Year Ending June 30, 

2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
Thereafter 

Total lease payments 

Less imputed interest 

Total 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2023 

2022 

   14,346   $ 

   13,148  

2,409   $ 

12,728  

2,228  
11,489  

15,137   $ 

13,717  

20,538   $ 
(4,647) 

17,388  
(3,285) 

15,891   $ 

14,103  

1,197   $ 

15,870  

1,060  
13,842  

17,067   $ 

14,902  

8 years  
11 years  

8 years  
12 years  

2.9%  
3.4%  

2.1%  
3.1%  

$ 

Operating 
Leases 
2,784   $ 
2,508  
2,142  
1,757  
1,582  
6,327  

17,100  
(1,963) 

Finance 
Leases 
1,747  
2,087  
1,771  
1,780  
1,787  
11,462  

20,634  
(3,567) 

$ 

   15,137   $ 

   17,067  

As  of  June 30,  2023,  we  have  additional  operating  and  finance  leases,  primarily  for  datacenters,  that  have  not  yet 
commenced of $7.7 billion and $34.4 billion, respectively. These operating and finance leases will commence between fiscal 
year 2024 and fiscal year 2030 with lease terms of 1 year to 18 years.  

U.S. Cell Phone Litigation  

NOTE 15 — CONTINGENCIES  

Microsoft  Mobile  Oy,  a  subsidiary  of  Microsoft,  along  with  other  handset  manufacturers  and  network  operators,  is  a 
defendant in 46 lawsuits, including 45 lawsuits filed in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia by individual plaintiffs 
who  allege  that  radio  emissions  from  cellular  handsets  caused  their  brain  tumors  and  other  adverse  health  effects. We 
assumed responsibility for these claims in our agreement to acquire Nokia’s Devices and Services business and have been 
substituted  for  the  Nokia  defendants.  Nine  of  these  cases  were  filed  in  2002  and  are  consolidated  for  certain  pre-trial 
proceedings; the remaining cases are stayed. In a separate 2009 decision, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 

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held  that  adverse  health  effect  claims  arising  from  the  use  of  cellular  handsets  that  operate  within  the  U.S.  Federal 
Communications Commission radio frequency emission guidelines (“FCC Guidelines”) are pre-empted by federal law. The 
plaintiffs  allege  that  their  handsets  either  operated  outside  the  FCC  Guidelines  or  were  manufactured  before  the  FCC 
Guidelines  went  into  effect.  The lawsuits  also  allege  an  industry-wide  conspiracy  to manipulate  the  science  and  testing 
around emission guidelines.  

In 2013, the defendants in the consolidated cases moved to exclude the plaintiffs’ expert evidence of general causation on 
the basis of flawed scientific methodologies. In 2014, the trial court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motion 
to exclude the plaintiffs’ general causation experts. The defendants filed an interlocutory appeal to the District of Columbia 
Court of Appeals challenging the standard for evaluating expert scientific evidence. In October 2016, the Court of Appeals 
issued its decision adopting the standard advocated by the defendants and remanding the cases to the trial court for further 
proceedings under that standard. The plaintiffs have filed supplemental expert evidence, portions of which were stricken by 
the court. A hearing on general causation took place in September of 2022. In April of 2023, the court granted defendants’ 
motion to strike the testimony of plaintiffs’ experts that cell phones cause brain cancer and entered an order excluding all of 
plaintiffs’ experts from testifying.  

Irish Data Protection Commission Matter  

In  2018, the  Irish  Data Protection  Commission  (“IDPC”)  began  investigating  a  complaint  against  LinkedIn  as  to  whether 
LinkedIn’s  targeted  advertising  practices  violated  the  recently  implemented  European  Union  General  Data  Protection 
Regulation (“GDPR”). Microsoft cooperated throughout the period of inquiry. In April 2023, the IDPC provided LinkedIn with 
a non-public preliminary draft decision alleging GDPR violations and proposing a fine. Microsoft intends to challenge the 
preliminary draft decision. There is no set timeline for the IDPC to issue a final decision.  

Other Contingencies  

We also are subject to a variety of other claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. 
Although  management  currently  believes  that  resolving  claims  against  us,  individually  or  in  aggregate,  will  not  have  a 
material adverse impact in our consolidated financial statements, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and 
management’s view of these matters may change in the future.  

As  of  June 30,  2023,  we  accrued  aggregate  legal  liabilities  of  $617 million.  While  we  intend  to  defend  these  matters 
vigorously,  adverse  outcomes  that  we  estimate  could  reach  approximately  $600 million  in  aggregate  beyond  recorded 
amounts  are  reasonably  possible.  Were  unfavorable  final  outcomes  to  occur,  there  exists  the  possibility  of  a  material 
adverse impact in our consolidated financial statements for the period in which the effects become reasonably estimable.  

NOTE 16 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

Shares Outstanding  

Shares of common stock outstanding were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Balance, beginning of year 

Issued 
Repurchased 

Balance, end of year 

Share Repurchases  

2023 
7,464  
37  
(69)   

2022 

7,519  
40  
(95)   

2021 

7,571  
49  
(101) 

  7,432  

  7,464  

  7,519  

On September 18, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing up to $40.0 billion in 
share repurchases. This share repurchase program commenced in February 2020 and was completed in November 2021.  

70 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
On September 14, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing up to $60.0 billion in 
share repurchases. This share repurchase program commenced in November 2021, following completion of the program 
approved  on  September 18,  2019,  has  no  expiration  date,  and  may  be  terminated  at  any  time.  As  of  June 30,  2023, 
$22.3 billion remained of this $60.0 billion share repurchase program.  

We repurchased the following shares of common stock under the share repurchase programs:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

Total 

Shares 

Amount 

Shares 

Amount 

Shares 

Amount 

17   $ 
20    
18    
14    

2023 
4,600    
4,600    
4,600    
4,600    

21   $ 
20    
26    
28    

2022 

6,200    
6,233    
7,800    
7,800    

25   $ 
27    
25    
24    

2021 

5,270  
5,750  
5,750  
6,200  

  69   $ 

  18,400    

  95   $ 

  28,033    

  101   $ 

  22,970  

All  repurchases  were  made  using  cash  resources.  Shares  repurchased  during  fiscal  year  2023  and  the fourth  and  third 
quarters  of  fiscal  year  2022  were  under  the  share  repurchase  program  approved  on  September 14,  2021.  Shares 
repurchased during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 were under the share repurchase programs approved on both 
September 14,  2021  and  September 18,  2019.  All  other  shares  repurchased  were  under  the  share  repurchase  program 
approved on September 18, 2019. The above table excludes shares repurchased to settle employee tax withholding related 
to the vesting of stock awards of $3.8 billion, $4.7 billion, and $4.4 billion for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.  

Dividends  

Our Board of Directors declared the following dividends:  

Declaration Date 

Fiscal Year 2023 

September 20, 2022 
November 29, 2022 
March 14, 2023 
June 13, 2023 

Total 

Fiscal Year 2022 

September 14, 2021 
December 7, 2021 
March 14, 2022 
June 14, 2022 

Total 

Record Date 

Payment Date 

November 17, 2022 
February 16, 2023 
May 18, 2023 
August 17, 2023 

December 8, 2022 
March 9, 2023 
June 8, 2023 
September 14, 2023 

November 18, 2021 
February 17, 2022 
May 19, 2022 
August 18, 2022 

December 9, 2021 
March 10, 2022 
June 9, 2022 
September 8, 2022 

Dividend 
Per Share 

$ 

0.68   $ 
0.68    
0.68    
0.68    

Amount 

(In millions) 
5,066  
5,059  
5,054  
5,054  

$ 

2.72   $ 

20,233  

$ 

0.62   $ 
0.62    
0.62    
0.62    

4,652  
4,645  
4,632  
4,621  

$ 

  2.48   $   

  18,550  

The dividend declared on June 13, 2023 was included in other current liabilities as of June 30, 2023.  

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NOTE 17 — ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)  

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Derivatives 

Balance, beginning of period 
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $9, $(15), and $9 
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in other income 

(expense), net 

Tax expense (benefit) included in provision for income taxes 

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 

(loss) 

Net change related to derivatives, net of tax of $(4), $1, and $7 

Balance, end of period 

Investments 

Balance, beginning of period 
Unrealized losses, net of tax of $(393), $(1,440), and $(589) 
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in other income 

(expense), net 

Tax expense (benefit) included in provision for income taxes 

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 

(loss) 

Net change related to investments, net of tax of $(373), $(1,428), and 

$(602) 

Cumulative effect of accounting changes 

Balance, end of period 

Translation Adjustments and Other 

Balance, beginning of period 
Translation adjustments and other, net of tax of $0, $0, and $(9) 

Balance, end of period 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2023 

2022 

2021 

(13)  $ 

  34  

(19)  $ 
(57)   

(38) 
  34  

(61) 
13  

(48) 

(14) 

  79  

(16)   

63  

6  

(27)  $ 

(13)  $ 

(17) 
2  

(15) 

19  

(19) 

(2,138)  $ 
(1,523) 

3,222   $ 
(5,405)   

5,478  
(2,216) 

99  
(20) 

79  

57  
(12)   

45  

(63) 
13  

(50) 

(1,444) 
0  

(5,360)   

0  

(2,266) 
10  

(3,582)  $ 

(2,138)  $ 

3,222  

(2,527)  $ 
(207) 

(2,734)  $ 
(6,343)  $ 

(1,381)  $ 
(1,146)   

(2,254) 
873  

(2,527)  $ 

(1,381) 

(4,678)  $ 

1,822  

NOTE 18 — EMPLOYEE STOCK AND SAVINGS PLANS  

We grant stock-based compensation to employees and directors. Awards that expire or are canceled without delivery of 
shares generally become available for issuance under the plans. We issue new shares of Microsoft common stock to satisfy 
vesting of awards granted under our stock plans. We also have an ESPP for all eligible employees.  

Stock-based compensation expense and related income tax benefits were as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Stock-based compensation expense 
Income tax benefits related to stock-based compensation 

Stock Plans  

$ 

2023 
  9,611   $ 
1,651    

2022 

2021 

  7,502   $ 
1,293    

  6,118  
1,065  

Stock awards entitle the holder to receive shares of Microsoft common stock as the award vests. Stock awards generally 
vest over a service period of four years or five years.  

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Executive Incentive Plan  

Under the Executive Incentive Plan, the Compensation Committee approves stock awards to executive officers and certain 
senior executives. RSUs generally vest ratably over a service period of four years. PSUs generally vest over a performance 
period of three years. The number of shares the PSU holder receives is based on the extent to which the corresponding 
performance goals have been achieved.  

Activity for All Stock Plans  

The fair value of stock awards was estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions:  

Year ended June 30, 

Dividends per share (quarterly amounts) 
Interest rates 

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

  0.62 –  0.68   $ 
2.0% – 5.4%    

  0.56 –  0.62   $ 
0.03% – 3.6%    

  0.51 –  0.56  
0.01% – 1.5%  

During fiscal year 2023, the following activity occurred under our stock plans:  

Stock Awards 
Nonvested balance, beginning of year 

Granted (a) 
Vested 
Forfeited 

Nonvested balance, end of year 

Weighted Average 
Grant-Date Fair Value 

Shares 

(In millions) 

  93   $ 
56    
(44)   
(9)   

96   $ 

227.59  
252.59  
206.90  
239.93  

  250.37  

(a) 

Includes 1 million, 1 million, and 2 million of PSUs granted at target and performance adjustments above target levels 
for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.  

As of June 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation costs related to stock awards  were $18.6 billion. These costs are 
expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of three years. The weighted average grant-date fair value of 
stock awards granted was $252.59, $291.22, and $221.13 for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The fair value 
of stock awards vested was $11.9 billion, $14.1 billion, and $13.4 billion, for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. 
As of June 30, 2023, an aggregate of 164 million shares were authorized for future grant under our stock plans.  

Employee Stock Purchase Plan  

We have an ESPP for all eligible employees. Shares of our common stock may be purchased by employees at three-month 
intervals  at  90%  of the fair market value  on  the last  trading  day  of  each three-month  period. Employees  may  purchase 
shares having a value not exceeding 15% of their gross compensation during an offering period.  

Employees purchased the following shares during the periods presented:  

(Shares in millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Shares purchased 
Average price per share 

2023 

7    

2022 

7    

$ 

  245.59   $ 

  259.55   $ 

2021 

8  
  207.88  

As of June 30, 2023, 74 million shares of our common stock were reserved for future issuance through the ESPP.  

Savings Plans  

We have savings plans in the U.S. that qualify under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, and a number of savings 
plans  in  international  locations.  Eligible  U.S.  employees  may  contribute  a  portion  of  their  salary  into  the  savings  plans, 

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subject to certain limitations. We match a portion of each dollar a participant contributes into the plans. Employer-funded 
retirement  benefits  for  all  plans  were  $1.6 billion,  $1.4 billion,  and  $1.2 billion  in  fiscal  years  2023,  2022,  and  2021, 
respectively, and were expensed as contributed.  

NOTE 19 — SEGMENT INFORMATION AND GEOGRAPHIC DATA  

In its operation of the business, management, including our chief operating decision maker, who is also our Chief Executive 
Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis 
not  consistent  with  GAAP.  During the  periods  presented,  we  reported  our  financial  performance  based  on  the  following 
segments: Productivity and Business Processes, Intelligent Cloud, and More Personal Computing.  

We have recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the way we internally manage and monitor our business.  

Our reportable segments are described below.  

Productivity and Business Processes  

Our  Productivity  and  Business  Processes  segment  consists  of  products  and  services  in  our  portfolio  of  productivity, 
communication, and information services, spanning a variety of devices and platforms. This segment primarily comprises:  

•  Office Commercial (Office 365 subscriptions, the Office 365 portion of Microsoft 365 Commercial subscriptions, 
and  Office  licensed  on-premises),  comprising  Office,  Exchange,  SharePoint,  Microsoft  Teams,  Office  365 
Security and Compliance, Microsoft Viva, and Microsoft 365 Copilot.  

•  Office  Consumer,  including  Microsoft  365  Consumer  subscriptions,  Office  licensed  on-premises,  and  other 

Office services.  

• 

LinkedIn, including Talent Solutions, Marketing Solutions, Premium Subscriptions, and Sales Solutions.  

•  Dynamics business solutions, including Dynamics 365, comprising a set of intelligent, cloud-based applications 
across ERP, CRM (including Customer Insights), Power Apps, and  Power Automate; and on-premises ERP 
and CRM applications.  

Intelligent Cloud  

Our Intelligent Cloud segment consists of our public, private, and hybrid server products and cloud services that can power 
modern business and developers. This segment primarily comprises:  

•  Server products and cloud services, including Azure and other cloud services; SQL Server, Windows Server, 

Visual Studio, System Center, and related Client Access Licenses (“CALs”); and Nuance and GitHub.  

•  Enterprise Services, including Enterprise Support Services, Industry Solutions (formerly Microsoft Consulting 

Services), and Nuance professional services.  

More Personal Computing  

Our More Personal Computing segment consists of products and services that put customers at the center of the experience 
with our technology. This segment primarily comprises:  

•  Windows, including Windows OEM licensing and other non-volume licensing of the Windows operating system; 
Windows Commercial, comprising volume licensing of the Windows operating system, Windows cloud services, 
and other Windows commercial offerings; patent licensing; and Windows Internet of Things.  

•  Devices, including Surface, HoloLens, and PC accessories.  

•  Gaming,  including  Xbox  hardware  and  Xbox  content  and  services,  comprising  first-  and  third-party  content 
(including  games  and  in-game  content),  Xbox  Game  Pass  and  other  subscriptions,  Xbox  Cloud  Gaming, 
advertising, third-party disc royalties, and other cloud services.  

•  Search  and  news  advertising,  comprising  Bing  (including  Bing  Chat),  Microsoft  News,  Microsoft  Edge,  and 

third-party affiliates.  

74 

  
Revenue  and  costs  are  generally  directly  attributed  to  our  segments.  However,  due  to  the  integrated  structure  of  our 
business,  certain  revenue  recognized  and  costs  incurred  by  one  segment  may  benefit  other  segments.  Revenue  from 
certain  contracts is  allocated  among the  segments  based  on  the  relative value  of the  underlying  products  and  services, 
which can include allocation based on actual prices charged, prices when sold separately, or estimated costs plus a profit 
margin. Cost of revenue is allocated in certain cases based on a relative revenue methodology. Operating expenses that 
are allocated primarily include those relating to marketing of products and services from which multiple segments benefit 
and are generally allocated based on relative gross margin.  

In addition, certain costs are incurred at a corporate level and allocated to our segments. These allocated costs generally 
include legal, including settlements and fines, information technology, human resources, finance, excise taxes, field selling, 
shared  facilities  services,  customer  service  and  support,  and  severance  incurred  as  part  of  a  corporate  program.  Each 
allocation is measured differently based on the specific facts and circumstances of the costs being allocated and is generally 
based on relative gross margin or relative headcount.  

Segment revenue and operating income were as follows during the periods presented:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Revenue 

Productivity and Business Processes 
Intelligent Cloud 
More Personal Computing 

Total 

Operating Income 

Productivity and Business Processes 
Intelligent Cloud 
More Personal Computing 

Total 

2023 

2022 

2021 

$ 

69,274   $ 
87,907    
54,734    

63,364   $ 
74,965    
59,941    

53,915  
59,728  
54,445  

$ 

  211,915   $ 

  198,270   $ 

  168,088  

$ 

34,189   $ 
37,884    
16,450    

29,690   $ 
33,203    
20,490    

24,351  
26,471  
19,094  

$ 

88,523   $ 

83,383   $ 

69,916  

No sales to an individual customer or country other than the United States accounted for more than 10% of revenue for 
fiscal years 2023, 2022, or 2021. Revenue, classified by the major geographic areas in which our customers were located, 
was as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

United States (a) 
Other countries 

Total 

$ 

2023 
106,744   $ 
105,171    

2022 

100,218   $ 
98,052    

2021 

83,953  
84,135  

$ 

  211,915   $ 

  198,270   $ 

  168,088  

(a) 

Includes billings to OEMs and certain multinational organizations because of the nature of these businesses and the 
impracticability of determining the geographic source of the revenue.  

Revenue, classified by significant product and service offerings, was as follows:  

(In millions) 

Year Ended June 30, 

Server products and cloud services 
Office products and cloud services 
Windows 
Gaming 
LinkedIn 
Search and news advertising 
Enterprise Services 
Devices 

$ 

2023 
79,970   $ 
48,728    
21,507    
15,466    
15,145    
12,208    
7,722    
5,521    

2022 

67,350   $ 
44,862    
24,732    
16,230    
13,816    
11,591    
7,407    
7,306    

2021 

52,589  
39,872  
22,488  
15,370  
10,289  
9,267  
6,943  
7,143  

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(In millions) 
Dynamics 
Other 

Total 

5,437    
211    

4,687    
289    

3,754  
373  

$ 

  211,915   $ 

  198,270   $ 

  168,088  

Our  Microsoft  Cloud  revenue,  which  includes  Azure  and  other  cloud  services,  Office  365  Commercial,  the  commercial 
portion of LinkedIn, Dynamics 365, and other commercial cloud properties, was $111.6 billion, $91.4 billion, and $69.1 billion 
in  fiscal  years  2023,  2022,  and  2021,  respectively.  These  amounts  are  primarily  included  in  Server  products  and  cloud 
services, Office products and cloud services, LinkedIn, and Dynamics in the table above.  

Assets  are  not  allocated  to  segments  for  internal  reporting  presentations.  A  portion  of  amortization  and  depreciation  is 
included with various other costs in an overhead allocation to each segment. It is impracticable for us to separately identify 
the amount of amortization and depreciation by segment that is included in the measure of segment profit or loss.  

Long-lived  assets,  excluding  financial  instruments  and  tax  assets,  classified  by  the  location  of  the  controlling  statutory 
company and with countries over 10% of the total shown separately, were as follows:  

(In millions) 

June 30, 

United States 
Ireland 
Other countries 

Total 

2023 
114,380   $ 
16,359    
56,500    
  187,239   $ 

2022 

106,430   $ 
15,505    
44,433    

2021 

76,153  
13,303  
38,858  

  166,368   $ 

  128,314  

$ 

$ 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM  

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Microsoft Corporation  

Opinion on the Financial Statements  

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Microsoft Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) 
as  of  June 30,  2023  and  2022,  the  related consolidated  statements  of  income,  comprehensive income,  cash flows,  and 
stockholders’  equity,  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  June 30,  2023,  and  the  related  notes  (collectively 
referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each 
of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America.  

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) 
(PCAOB),  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  June 30,  2023,  based  on  criteria  established  in 
Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission and our report dated July 27, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over 
financial reporting.  

Basis for Opinion  

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion 
on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB 
and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and 
the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.  

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform 
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether 
due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial 
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included 
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also 
included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating 
the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.  

Critical Audit Matters  

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements 
that  were  communicated  or  required  to  be  communicated  to  the  audit  committee  and  that  (1) relate  to  accounts  or 
disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex 
judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, 
taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the 
critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.  

Revenue Recognition – Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements  

Critical Audit Matter Description  

The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that 
reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company offers 
customers the ability to acquire multiple licenses of software products and services, including cloud-based services, in its 
customer agreements through its volume licensing programs.  

Significant judgment is exercised by the Company in determining revenue recognition for these customer agreements, and 
includes the following:  

•  Determination  of  whether  products  and  services  are  considered  distinct  performance  obligations  that  should  be 
accounted for separately versus together, such as software licenses and related services that are sold with cloud-based 
services.  

77 

  
•  The pattern of delivery (i.e., timing of when revenue is recognized) for each distinct performance obligation.  

• 

Identification  and  treatment  of  contract  terms  that  may  impact  the  timing  and  amount  of  revenue  recognized  (e.g., 
variable consideration, optional purchases, and free services).  

•  Determination of stand-alone selling prices for each distinct performance obligation and for products and services that 

are not sold separately.  

Given these factors and due to the volume of transactions, the related audit effort in evaluating management’s judgments 
in determining revenue recognition for these customer agreements was extensive and required a high degree of auditor 
judgment.  

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit  

Our principal audit procedures related to the Company’s revenue recognition for these customer agreements included the 
following:  

•  We tested the effectiveness of controls related to the identification of distinct performance obligations, the determination 

of the timing of revenue recognition, and the estimation of variable consideration.  

•  We evaluated management’s significant accounting policies related to these customer agreements for reasonableness.  

•  We selected a sample of customer agreements and performed the following procedures:  

-  Obtained and read contract source documents for each selection, including master agreements, and other documents 

that were part of the agreement.  

-  Tested management’s identification and treatment of contract terms.  

-  Assessed  the  terms  in  the  customer  agreement  and  evaluated  the  appropriateness  of management’s  application  of 
their accounting policies, along with their use of estimates, in the determination of revenue recognition conclusions.  

•  We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s estimate of stand-alone selling prices for products and services 

that are not sold separately.  

•  We tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculations of revenue and the associated timing of revenue 

recognized in the financial statements.  

Income Taxes – Uncertain Tax Positions – Refer to Note 12 to the financial statements  

Critical Audit Matter Description  

The Company’s long-term income taxes liability includes uncertain tax positions related to transfer pricing issues that remain 
unresolved with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). The Company remains under IRS audit, or subject to IRS audit, for 
tax  years  subsequent  to  2003. While  the  Company  has  settled  a  portion  of  the  IRS  audits,  resolution  of  the  remaining 
matters could have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.  

Conclusions on recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions involve significant estimates and management judgment 
and include complex considerations of the Internal Revenue Code, related regulations, tax case laws, and prior-year audit 
settlements. Given the complexity and the subjective nature of the transfer pricing issues that remain unresolved with the 
IRS, evaluating management’s estimates relating to their determination of uncertain tax positions required extensive audit 
effort and a high degree of auditor judgment, including involvement of our tax specialists.  

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit  

Our principal audit procedures to evaluate management’s estimates of uncertain tax positions related to unresolved transfer 
pricing issues included the following:  

•  We  evaluated  the  appropriateness  and  consistency  of  management’s  methods  and  assumptions  used  in  the 
identification,  recognition,  measurement,  and  disclosure  of  uncertain  tax  positions,  which  included  testing  the 
effectiveness of the related internal controls.  

•  We read and evaluated management’s documentation, including relevant accounting policies and information obtained 

by management from outside tax specialists, that detailed the basis of the uncertain tax positions.  

78 

  
•  We  tested  the  reasonableness  of  management’s  judgments  regarding  the  future  resolution  of  the  uncertain  tax 

positions, including an evaluation of the technical merits of the uncertain tax positions.  

•  For  those  uncertain  tax  positions  that  had  not  been  effectively  settled,  we  evaluated  whether  management  had 
appropriately considered new information that could significantly change the recognition, measurement or disclosure of 
the uncertain tax positions.  

•  We  evaluated  the  reasonableness  of  management’s  estimates  by  considering  how  tax  law,  including  statutes, 

regulations and case law, impacted management’s judgments.  

/S/  DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP  

Seattle, Washington  
July 27, 2023  

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1983.  

79 

  
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE  

Not applicable.  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES  

Under  the  supervision  and  with  the  participation  of  our  management,  including  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief 
Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Exchange 
Act Rule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer 
and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective.  

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING  

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the 
Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
our  financial  reporting  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United 
States of America. Internal control over financial reporting includes maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately 
and  fairly  reflect  our  transactions;  providing  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  for 
preparation  of  our  consolidated  financial  statements;  providing  reasonable  assurance  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of 
company  assets  are  made  in  accordance  with  management  authorization;  and  providing  reasonable  assurance  that 
unauthorized  acquisition,  use,  or  disposition  of  company  assets  that  could  have  a  material  effect  on  our  consolidated 
financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control 
over  financial  reporting  is  not  intended  to  provide  absolute  assurance  that  a  misstatement  of  our  consolidated  financial 
statements would be prevented or detected.  

Management  conducted  an  evaluation  of  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  based  on  the 
framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting was effective as of June 30, 2023. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during 
the  quarter  ended  June 30,  2023  that  have  materially  affected,  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect,  our  internal 
control over financial reporting. Deloitte & Touche LLP has audited our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 
2023; their report follows.  

80 

  
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM  

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Microsoft Corporation  

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting  

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Microsoft Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as 
of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee 
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material 
respects,  effective internal  control  over financial reporting  as  of  June 30,  2023,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal 
Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.  

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) 
(PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended June 30, 2023, of the Company and our report 
dated July 27, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.  

Basis for Opinion  

The  Company’s  management  is  responsible  for  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  and  for  its 
assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  included  in  the  accompanying  Report  of 
Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s 
internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and 
are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the 
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.  

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform 
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in 
all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing 
the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control 
based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We 
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.  

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting  

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary 
to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts 
and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of 
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, 
use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.  

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.  

/S/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP 

Seattle, Washington 
July 27, 2023 

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DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF MICROSOFT CORPORATION  

DIRECTORS  

Satya Nadella 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, 
Microsoft Corporation  

Sandra E. Peterson 2,3 
Lead Independent Director, 
Microsoft Corporation 

John W. Stanton 1,4 
Founder and Chairman, Trilogy 
Partnerships 

Reid G. Hoffman 4 
Partner, Greylock Partners 

Penny S. Pritzker 4 
Founder and Chairman, PSP Partners, 
LLC 

John W. Thompson 3,4 
Partner, Lightspeed Venture Partners 

Hugh F. Johnston 1 
Vice Chairman and Executive Vice 
President and Chief Financial Officer, 
PepsiCo, Inc. 

Carlos A. Rodriguez 1,2 
Executive Chair, ADP, Inc. 

Emma N. Walmsley 2,4 
Chief Executive Officer, GSK plc 

Teri L. List 1,3 
Former Executive Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer, The Gap, Inc. 

Charles W. Scharf 2,3 
Chief Executive Officer and President, 
Wells Fargo & Company 

Padmasree Warrior 2 
Founder, President and Chief Executive 
Officer, Fable Group, Inc. 

Board Committees  
1.  Audit Committee  
2.  Compensation Committee  
3.  Governance and Nominating Committee  
4.  Environmental, Social, and Public Policy Committee  

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS  

Satya Nadella 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 

Amy E. Hood 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial 
Officer 

Judson B. Althoff 
Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer 

Bradford L. Smith 
Vice Chair and President 

Christopher C. Capossela 
Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer 

Christopher D. Young 
Executive Vice President, Business Development, 
Strategy, and Ventures 

Kathleen T. Hogan 
Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer  

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INVESTOR RELATIONS  

 Investor Relations  

You  can  contact  Microsoft  Investor  Relations  by  calling 
toll-free  at (800)  285-7772  or  outside  the  United  States, 
call  (425)  706-4400.  We  can  be  contacted  between  the 
hours  of  9:00  a.m.  to  5:00  p.m.  Pacific  Time  to  answer 
investment-oriented questions about Microsoft.  

For  access  to  additional  financial  information,  visit  the 
Investor Relations website online at:  
www.microsoft.com/investor  

Our e-mail is msft@microsoft.com  

Our mailing address is:  
Investor Relations  
Microsoft Corporation  
One Microsoft Way  
Redmond, Washington 98052-6399  

Attending the Annual Meeting  

The  2023  Annual  Shareholders  Meeting  will  be  held 
as a virtual-only meeting. Any shareholder can join the 
Annual  Meeting,  while  shareholders  of  record  as  of 
September 29  2023,  will  be  able  to  vote  and  submit 
questions during the meeting.  

Date: Thursday, December 7, 2023  
Time: 8:30 a.m. Pacific Time  
Virtual Shareholder Meeting:  
www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/MSFT23  

Submit Your Question  

We invite you to submit any questions via the proxy voting 
site  at  www.proxyvote.com. We  will  include  as  many  of 
your questions as possible during the Q&A session of the 
meeting  and  will  provide  answers  to  questions  on  the 
Microsoft  Investor  Relations  website  under  the  Annual 
Meeting page.  

Contact  Computershare  directly  to  find  out  more  about 
these services and programs at 800-285-7772, option 1, 
or visit online at:  
https://www.computershare.com/Microsoft  

You can e-mail the transfer agent at:  
web.queries@computershare.com  

You can also send mail to the transfer agent at:  

Computershare  
P.O. Box 505000  
Louisville, KY 40233-5000  

Shareholders can  sign up for electronic alerts to access 
the annual report and proxy statement online. The service 
gets you the information you need faster and also gives 
you the power and convenience of online proxy voting. To 
sign up for this free service, visit the Annual Report site 
at: 
on 
http://www.microsoft.com/investor/AnnualReports/default
.aspx  

Relations 

Investor 

website 

the 

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)/Corporate 
Social Responsibility  

Many of our shareholders are focused on environmental, 
social, and governance topics. To meet the expectations 
of our stakeholders and to and maintain their trust, we are 
committed  to  conducting  our  business  in  ways  that  are 
principled,  transparent,  and  accountable.  Microsoft  has 
made  a  broad  range  of  environmental  and  social 
commitments  to  make  a  significant  positive  impact  on 
important  global  issues.  Microsoft’s  Board  of  Directors 
provides insight, feedback, and oversight across a broad 
range of environmental and social matters. In particular, 
among the responsibilities of the Board’s Environmental, 
Social,  and  Public  Policy  Committee  is  to  review  and 
provide  guidance  to  the  Board  and  management  about 
the  Company’s  policies  and  programs  that  relate  to 
corporate social responsibility.  

Registered Shareholder Services  

Computershare,  our transfer  agent,  can  help you  with  a 
variety of shareholder related services including:  

For  more  about  Microsoft’s  CSR  commitments  and 
performance, please visit:  
www.microsoft.com/transparency.  

•  Change of address  
•  Lost stock certificates  
•  Transfer of stock to another person  
•  Additional administrative services  

Computershare also administers a direct stock purchase 
plan  and  a  dividend  reinvestment  program  for  the 
company.  

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