Mistras Group
Annual Report 2016

Plain-text annual report

2016 ANNUAL REPORT MIS TRAS GROU P, INC . KEY FIN ANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Revenues by End Market (FY Ending May 31) 56% Oil & Gas 25% Downstream 15% Upstream 14% Midstream 02% Petrochemical 12% Aerospace & Defense 9% Industrial 8% Power Generation & Transmission 7% Other Process Industries 4% Infrastructure, Research & Engineering 4% All Other Revenues by Region (FY Ending May 31) Historical Annual Revenues (FY Ending May 31 / $ in millions) 5YR CAGR: 16% 1 1 7 $ 9 1 7 $ 3 2 6 $ 9 2 5 $ 7 3 4 $ 9 3 3 $ FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 Adjusted EBITDA (FY Ending May 31 / $ in millions) 5YR CAGR: 11% 8 8 $ 1 7 $ 2 7 $ 8 6 5 $ 6 $ 2 5 $ FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 72% United States Europe17% 9% Other Americas 2% Asia-Pacific S HAR E HOL DE R L E T TER Dear Fellow Shareholders, When Mistras Group began its fiscal year 2016 that ended May 31, 2016, there was ample reason for pessimism. Commodity prices had fallen precipitously and the oil and gas market, which accounts for more than half of Mistras Group revenues, was very turbulent. Results in the second half of our prior fiscal year were adversely impacted, as customer spending and inspection industry revenue growth had become curtailed. Our stock price was at a multi-year low, reflecting these concerns. We had hundreds of conversations with our customers that helped us understand the magnitude of the oil and gas market’s sudden downturn. This led us to take many decisive actions, including: While we are very pleased with our strong 2016 performance, we view our company as a work in progress that requires continuous improvement. To this end, we continue to bolster our management team and our processes. During fiscal year 2016 we transitioned new leadership in our UK, Netherlands and Products and Systems businesses. Additionally, Dennis Bertolotti was promoted to the new role of President and Chief Operating Officer, Jon Wolk was promoted to Senior Executive Vice President, adding Information Technology to his responsibilities as CFO, and Mike Lange added the title of Senior Executive Vice President, in charge of the Company’s business development and strategic planning. • We divested our operations in Russia and Japan; • We reduced headcount in almost all of our International subsidiaries; • We reorganized our Services leadership team; • We reduced headcounts in several North American locations; and • We formed a team of experts to lead our efforts to improve contract margins In last year’s shareholder letter, I expressed optimism that these actions, combined with our powerful culture that is driven to provide customers with tremendous value and exceed their expectations, would improve our performance. I am very pleased to tell you that my predictions not only came true, but that our company exceeded my most optimistic expectations for fiscal year 2016: • We had positive organic revenue growth, despite a very challenging market that saw most competitors suffer high single digit or double-digit declines; • We grew Adjusted EBITDA by $16 million, or 23% over prior year, and operating cash flow by $18 million or 37%, establishing new record levels of performance for these important metrics; • We improved our gross margin to 28.2% from the prior year’s 26.0%, and our Adjusted EBITDA margin to 12.2% from the prior year’s 10.1%; • We established new company records for operating income (excluding charges) and Adjusted EBITDA not only for the entire fiscal year, but also in every fiscal quarter of fiscal year 2016; and • We reduced our ratio of net debt to Adjusted EBITDA from over 2.0 during the previous fiscal year, to 0.9 at the end of fiscal year 2016. These important accomplishments were achieved while adhering to our strict quality, safety and training protocols and continuing to offer the industry’s widest breadth of industry expertise and geographic coverage in North America. Our team employed numerous key performance indicators to monitor our performance and communicate with our customers. And we continued to save many customers millions of dollars per year compared with using alternative inspection providers and methods. In a very challenging market, Mistras Group managed to grow its business and gain market share on both sides of the Atlantic by winning new customers, while at the same time outpacing rivals with strong customer retention. As I look forward to fiscal year 2017 and beyond, I am excited for our future. Mistras has become one of the largest outsourced asset protection service providers in the world, earning a reputation that enables many of the world’s largest companies to place their reliance upon our company. Because of our strong performance and strong customer relationships, we have been asked by some customers to explore expanding our service offerings into light mechanical areas that are adjacent to (but not potentially conflicting with) the inspection duties that we presently perform for them. We are intrigued by these opportunities and eager to add more value for our customers. Despite the present market challenges, we believe we have a long runway ahead of us that will enable our company to grow well beyond one billion in revenues, with profit margins that continue to improve. Speaking specifically of fiscal year 2017, our planning assumptions call for a continuance of lower oil prices for the foreseeable future. In this environment we will strive to continue to provide the best possible value to our customers as efficiently as possible, and with the same sense of urgency they have come to expect from Mistras. We expect we will continue to expand our profit margins in fiscal year 2017, and we will continue to gain market share on both sides of the Atlantic, in a market that likely remains challenged. In conclusion, we are excited about our market position, our value proposition, our unparalleled network of certified technicians, and the improvements we have made in our financial performance. We will continue to strive to help our refinery customers achieve first quartile performance, to help our power generation customers avoid unplanned outages, to assist our aerospace customers in delivering the highest quality advanced composite components, and to improve public safety with innovative monitoring solutions. We will continue to make investments that enable us to maintain and extend our market leadership, while continuing to deliver improved profits and cash flows. On behalf of our Board of Directors and our management team, I extend our thanks to our customers, our partners, our 5,700 employees, and to our loyal shareholders, for their continued support and trust. Sincerely, Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 Commission File Number 001-34481 Mistras Group, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 22-3341267 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 195 Clarksville Road Princeton Junction, New Jersey 08550 (609) 716-4000 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, par value $.01 par value Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of November 30, 2015, based upon the closing price of the common stock as reported by New York Stock Exchange on such date was approximately $364.4 million. As of August 5, 2016, a total of 28,955,455 shares of the Registrant’s common stock were outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Information required by Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) is incorporated by reference to portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”), which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year ended May 31, 2016. Except as expressly incorporated by reference, the Proxy Statement shall not be deemed to be a part of this report on Form 10-K. Table of Contents MISTRAS GROUP, INC. ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. ITEM 1A. ITEM 1B. ITEM 2. ITEM 3. ITEM 4. BUSINESS RISK FACTORS UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS PROPERTIES LEGAL PROCEEDINGS MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE PART II ITEM 5. ITEM 6. ITEM 7. ITEM 7A. ITEM 8. ITEM 9. ITEM 9A. ITEM 9B. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES OTHER INFORMATION PART III ITEM 10. ITEM 11. ITEM 12. ITEM 13. ITEM 14. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 3 18 26 26 26 26 26 28 29 45 46 74 74 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 2 Table of Contents ITEM 1. BUSINESS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements regarding us and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingency, goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events and they are subject to risks and uncertainties known and unknown that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology, such as “goals,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “predicts,” “appears,” “projects,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in results and outcomes from those in our forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those discussed elsewhere in this Report in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” Part 2, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in this Item 1, as well as those discussed in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings. We undertake no obligation to (and expressly disclaim any obligation to) revise or update any forward-looking statements made herein whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. However, you should consult any further disclosures we may make on these or related topics in our reports on Form 8-K or Form 10-Q filed with the SEC. The following discussions should be read in conjunction with the sections of this Report entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors”. Our Business We offer our customers “one source for asset protection solutions”® and are a leading global provider of technology-enabled asset protection solutions used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. We combine industry-leading products and technologies, expertise in mechanical integrity (MI), Non- Destructive Testing (NDT), Destructive Testing (DT) and predictive maintenance (PdM) services, process and fixed asset engineering and consulting services, proprietary data analysis and our world class enterprise inspection database management and analysis software, PCMS, to deliver a comprehensive portfolio of customized solutions, ranging from routine inspections to complex, plant-wide asset integrity management and assessments. These mission critical solutions enhance our customers’ ability to comply with governmental safety and environmental regulations, extend the useful life of their assets, increase productivity, minimize repair costs, manage risk and avoid catastrophic disasters. Given the role our solutions play in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of infrastructure, we have historically provided a majority of our services to our customers on a regular, recurring basis. We serve a global customer base of companies with asset-intensive infrastructure, including companies in the oil and gas (downstream, midstream, upstream and petrochemical), power generation (natural gas, fossil, nuclear, alternative, renewable, and transmission and distribution), public infrastructure, chemicals, commercial aerospace and defense, transportation, primary metals and metalworking and research and engineering institutions. As of May 31, 2016, we had approximately 5,700 employees, in approximately 120 offices across 14 countries. We have established long-term relationships as a critical solutions provider to many of the leading companies in our target markets. Our asset protection solutions combine the disciplines of NDT, DT, PdM, MI, engineering & consulting services and data analysis and enterprise inspection data management software to provide value to our customers. The foundation of our business is NDT, which is the examination of assets without impacting current and future usefulness or impairing the integrity of these assets. The ability to inspect infrastructure assets and not interfere with their operating performance makes NDT a highly attractive alternative to many traditional intrusive inspection techniques, which may require dismantling equipment or shutting down a plant, mill or site. Our MI services are a systematic engineering-based approach to developing best practices for ensuring the on-going integrity and safety of equipment and industrial facilities. MI services involve conducting an inventory of infrastructure assets, developing and implementing inspection and maintenance procedures, training personnel in executing these procedures and managing inspections, testing and assessments of customer assets. By assisting customers in implementing MI programs, we enable them to identify gaps between existing and desired practices, find and track deficiencies and degradations to be corrected and establish quality assurance standards for fabrication, engineering and installation of infrastructure assets. We believe our MI services improve plant safety and reliability and regulatory compliance, and in so doing reduce maintenance costs. Our solutions also incorporate comprehensive Risk Based Inspection (RBI) data analysis from our proprietary asset protection software to provide customers with detailed, integrated and cost-effective solutions that rate the 3 Table of Contents risks of alternative maintenance approaches and recommend actions in accordance with consensus industry codes and standards and help to establish and support key performance indicators (KPI’s) to ensure continued safe and economic operations. We differentiate ourselves by delivering these solutions under our “One Source” umbrella, utilizing a proven systematic method that creates a closed loop life cycle for addressing continuous asset protection and improvement. Under this business model, customers outsource their inspection to us on a “run and maintain” basis. As a global asset protection leader, we provide a comprehensive range of solutions that includes: • • • • • • • • • traditional and advanced outsourced NDT services conducted by our technicians, mechanical integrity assessments, above-ground storage tank inspection, pipeline inspection and American Petroleum Institute (API) visual inspections and PdM program development; destructive testing (DT), a definitive discipline in material testing, taking specimens through to mechanical failure while examining a host of factors. Hardness, stiffness and strength are a few key indicators drawn from destructive tests per customer specifications. DT is a strength of our subsidiary, Mistras-GMA in Germany, which specializes in an array of destructive testing applications utilized throughout the materials selection and approval process in the aerospace, automotive, chemical, oil and gas and power generation industries. advanced asset protection solutions, in most cases involving proprietary acoustic emission (AE), digital radiography, infrared, wireless and/or automated ultrasonic inspections and sensors, which are operated by our highly trained technicians; a proprietary and customized portfolio of software products for testing and analyzing data captured in real-time by our technicians and sensors, including advanced features such as pattern recognition and neural networks; enterprise software and relational databases to store and analyze inspection data, comparing it to prior operations and testing of similar assets, industrial standards and specific risk conditions, such as use with highly flammable or corrosive materials, and developing asset integrity management plans based on risk-based inspection that specify an optimal schedule for the testing, maintenance and retirement of assets; on-line monitoring systems that provide secure web-based remote or on-site asset inspection, real-time reports and analysis of plant or enterprise-wide structural integrity data, comparison of integrity data to our library of historical inspection data and analysis to better assess structural integrity and provide alerts for and prioritize future inspections and maintenance; in-house testing services: Mistras’ in-house inspection services provide cost-effective, efficient solutions that improve the integrity and lifespan of critical assets featuring a dynamic suite of testing and inspection services. With a network of in-house laboratories, Mistras provides a one-stop shop for traditional (NDT), advanced non-destructive testing (ANDT), and destructive testing (DT) of materials and fabricated structures by offering a complete inspection package — from preparation and production all the way to post-processing. These capabilities are available through our state- of-the-art testing equipment and expertise in our grid of in-house testing laboratories across the U.S.A., Canada and Europe; full range of engineering consulting services to the downstream and renewable energy sectors that includes plant operations support covering both process and equipment technologies; project planning, management and execution; expert testimony and technical training; and ultra-high pressure water blasting in place of sand blasting, used for both off shore oil & gas platforms and land based refinery and chemical fixed equipment. NDT inspection services are offered while in post cleaning mode. Our labs hold a wide variety of certifications that allow them to perform inspections to meet or exceed stringent regulatory requirements, such as: NADCAP, AS9100/ISO-9001, FAA Repair Station and ITAR/EAR. With these certifications comes a comprehensive range of approvals from prime contractors of major projects, the military, and internationally renowned products and systems manufactures from aerospace to nuclear energy; transportation to petrochemical industries. We offer our customers a customized package of services, products and systems, or our enterprise software and other niche high-value products on a stand-alone basis. For example, customers can purchase most of our sensors and accompanying software to integrate with their own systems, or they can purchase a complete turn-key solution, including installation, monitoring and assessment services. Importantly, we do not sell certain of our advanced and proprietary software and other 4 Table of Contents products as stand-alone offerings; instead, we embed them in our comprehensive service offerings to protect our investment in intellectual property while providing an added value which generates a substantial source of recurring revenues. We generated revenues of $719.2 million, $711.3 million and $623.5 million, net income of $24.7 million, $16.1 million and $22.5 million and adjusted EBITDA of $88.1 million, $71.9 million and $70.7 million for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. An explanation of adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of these amounts to net income are set forth in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. For fiscal 2016, we generated approximately 77% of our revenues from our Services segment. Our revenues are diversified, with our top ten customers accounting for approximately 36%, 33% and 38% of our revenues during fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Asset Protection Industry Overview The asset protection industry consists of NDT inspection, DT inspection, PdM and MI services and inspection data management and analysis. NDT plays a crucial role in assuring the operational and structural integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure without compromising the usefulness of the tested materials or equipment. The evolution of NDT services, in combination with broader industry trends, including increased asset utilization and aging of infrastructure, the desire by companies to extend the useful life of their existing infrastructure, new construction projects, enhanced government regulation and the shortage of certified NDT professionals, have made NDT an integral and increasingly outsourced part of many asset- intensive industries. Well-publicized industrial and public infrastructure failures and accidents such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and the I-35W Mississippi River bridge collapse in Minnesota, and a number of recent refinery accidents continues to raise the level of safety and environmental awareness of regulators, while owners and operators are recognizing the benefits that asset protection solutions can provide. Historically, NDT solutions predominantly used qualitative testing methods aimed primarily at detecting defects in the tested materials. This methodology, which we categorize as “traditional NDT,” is typically labor intensive and, as a result, considerably dependent upon the availability and skill level of the certified technicians, engineers and scientists performing the inspection services. The traditional NDT market has been highly fragmented, with a significant number of small vendors providing inspection services to divisions of companies or local governments situated in close proximity to the vendor’s field inspection engineers and technicians. The trend over the past several years, however, is for customers to look for a select few vendors capable of providing a wider spectrum of asset protection solutions for global infrastructure that we call “one source”. This shift in underlying demand, which began in the early 1990s and has accelerated more recently, has contributed to a transition from traditional NDT solutions to more advanced solutions that employ automated digital sensor technologies and accompanying enterprise software, allowing for the effective capture, storage, analysis and reporting of inspection and engineering results electronically and in digital formats. These advanced techniques, taken together with advances in wired and wireless communication and information technologies, have further enabled the development of remote monitoring systems, asset-management and predictive maintenance capabilities and other data analytics and management. We believe that as advanced asset protection solutions continue to gain acceptance among asset-intensive organizations, those vendors offering broad, complete and integrated solutions, scalable operations and a global footprint will have a distinct competitive advantage. Moreover, we believe that vendors that are able to effectively deliver both advanced solutions and data analytics, by virtue of their access to customers’ data, create a significant barrier to entry for competitors, and lead the opportunity to create significant recurring revenues. We believe the following represent key dynamics of the asset protection industry: • Extending the Useful Life of Aging Infrastructure. The prohibitive cost and challenge of building new infrastructure has resulted in the significant aging of existing infrastructure and caused companies to seek ways to extend the useful life of existing assets. For example, due to the significant cost associated with constructing new refineries, stringent environmental regulations which have increased the costs of managing them and difficulty in finding suitable locations on which to build them, no major new refineries have been constructed in the United States since 1976. Another example is in the area of power transmission and distribution. The Smart Grid initiative in the United States is causing increased loading on aging transformers that are more than 40 years old in many cases. The need to test and monitor these units to ensure their reliability until replacement is instrumental in support of a reliable Smart Grid network. Because aging infrastructure requires relatively higher levels of maintenance and repair in comparison to new infrastructure, as well as more frequent, extensive and ongoing testing, companies and public authorities will continue spending on asset protection solutions to ensure the operational and structural integrity of existing infrastructure. • Outsourcing of Non-Core Activities and Technical Resource Constraints. The increasing sophistication and automation of NDT programs, together with a decreasing supply of skilled professionals and stricter and increasing governmental 5 Table of Contents regulations, has caused many companies and public authorities to outsource NDT and other services rather than recruit and train such capabilities internally. Owners and operators of infrastructure are increasingly contracting with third party providers that have the necessary technical product portfolio, engineering expertise, technical workforce and proven track record of results-oriented performance to effectively meet their increasing requirements. • • • Increasing Asset and Capacity Utilization. Due to the high repair and replacement costs and the limited construction of new infrastructure, existing infrastructure in some of our target markets will experience high usage, causing increased stress and fatigue that accelerate deterioration. These dynamic prices and costs also motivate our customers to complete repairs, maintenance, replacements and upgrades more quickly. For example, increasing demand for refined petroleum products, combined with high plant utilization rates, is driving refineries to upgrade facilities to make them more efficient and expand capacity. In order to sustain high capacity utilization rates, customers are increasingly using asset protection solutions to efficiently ensure the integrity and safety of their assets. Implementation of asset protection solutions can also lead to increased productivity as a result of reduced maintenance-related downtime. Increasing Corrosion from Low-Quality Inputs. The increased availability and low cost of crude oil from areas such as shale plays and oil sands resources have led to the use of lower grade raw materials and feedstock used in refinery and power generation processes. These lower grade raw materials and feedstock, especially in the case of the refining process involving petroleum with higher sulfur content, can rapidly corrode the infrastructure with which they come into contact, which in turn increases the need for asset protection solutions to identify such corrosion and enable infrastructure owners to proactively combat the problems caused by such corrosion. Increasing Use of Advanced Materials. Customers in our target markets are increasingly utilizing advanced materials, such as composites, and other unique technologies in the manufacturing and construction of new infrastructure and aerospace applications. As a result, they require advanced testing, assessment and maintenance technologies to inspect and to protect these assets, since many of these advanced materials cannot be tested using traditional NDT techniques. We believe that demand for NDT solutions will increase as companies and public authorities continue to use these advanced materials, not only during the operating phase of the lifecycle of their assets, but also during the design, manufacturing and quality control phases and are more frequently integrating and embedding sensors directly into the end product in support of total life cycle asset management. • Meeting Safety Regulations. Owners and operators of infrastructure assets increasingly face strict government regulations and safety requirements. Failure to meet these standards can result in significant financial liabilities, increased scrutiny by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and other regulators, higher insurance premiums and tarnished corporate brand value. There have been several industrial accidents, including explosions and fires, in recent years. These accidents created significant damage to the reputation of refineries and coupled with concern by owners, led OSHA to strengthen process safety enforcement standards with the continued implementation of the National Emphasis Program (NEP) that also extends to chemical plants for compliance with applicable regulations. As a result, these owners and operators are seeking highly reliable asset protection suppliers with a proven track record of providing asset protection services, products and systems to assist them in meeting these increasingly stringent regulations. • Expanding Addressable End-Markets. Advances in NDT sensor technology and asset protection software based systems, and the continued emergence of new technologies, are creating increased demand for asset protection solutions in applications where existing techniques were previously ineffective. Further, we expect increased demand in relatively new markets, such as automotive component suppliers. • Expanding Addressable Geographies. We believe that incremental demand will continue to come from international markets, including Western and Eastern Canada, Asia, Europe and parts of Latin America. Specifically, as companies and governments in these markets build and maintain infrastructure and applications that require the use of asset protection solutions, we believe demand for our solutions will increase. We believe that the market available to us will continue to grow as a result of these macro-market trends. Our Target Markets Overview 6 Table of Contents Mistras operates in a highly competitive, but fragmented market. Domestically, the market is serviced by several national competitors, and many regional and/or local companies. Internationally, our primary competitors are divisions of large companies, with additional competition from small independent local companies which may be limited to a specific product, service or technology and focused on a niche market or geographic region. We focus our strategic sales, marketing and product development efforts on a range of infrastructure-intensive based industries and governmental authorities. In general, our largest markets in broad terms are energy-related infrastructure where we perform inspections, which may lead to a fitness for service evaluation and engineering based services on fixed and rotating assets. There are economic indicators that continue to drive our business, especially in the U.S. domestic markets as indicated by the Energy Information Administration (EIA); • Growth in U.S. energy production- While crude oil production slowed in the first quarter of 2016 from record highs in 2015 at 9.4 million barrels per day (bbl/d) domestic production is still significantly higher than pre-2015 levels according to the EIA. Although tailing off slightly, production estimates for the year 2016 is predicted to level off around 9 million bbl/d. • High demand for U.S. Natural Gas - According to the EIA, demand for natural gas remains high resulting from the fact that the U.S. is experiencing record low pricing for natural gas in the last 18 months. • The United States is continuing its trend from being a net importer of natural gas to a net exporter by 2017. Several facilities have already begun operations in support of the export process, with more capital expenditures planned for the coming years. The outlook for power in the U.S. has shifted substantially in the last several years due to legislation restricting emissions of greenhouse gas related to fossil fuels. There has been a shift from traditional coal and gas fired base load power plants to natural gas fueled base load and peaking units around the country. Natural gas units are preferred as natural gas pricing remains low, and the permitting process to operate these units is easier than coal or nuclear facilities. Revenue by Target Market The following chart represents the percentage of consolidated revenues we generated from our various markets for fiscal 2016: Mistras Revenues by Target Market (Fiscal 2016) Oil and Gas Because oil, gas, and to a much less extent, coal are expected to continue to be the primary energy sources, the energy industry will have to continue providing these fuels to meet demand. In addition, there were approximately 657 crude oil refineries in the world, with 142 refineries operating in the United States. With aging infrastructure and growing capacity constraints, asset 7 Table of Contents protection continues to be an indispensable tool in maintenance planning, quality control and prevention of catastrophic failure in refineries and petrochemical plants. Recent low oil and lower fossil fuel input prices have placed additional pressure on industry participants to increase capacity, focus on production efficiency and cost reductions and shorten shut-down time or “turnarounds.” Asset protection solutions are used for both off-stream inspections, or inspection when the tested infrastructure is shut-down, and increasingly, on-stream inspections, or inspection when the tested infrastructure is operating at normal levels. While we expect off-stream inspection of vessels and piping during a plant shut-down or turnaround to remain a routine practice by companies in these industries, we expect the areas of greatest future growth to occur as a result of on-stream inspections and monitoring of facilities, such as offshore platforms, transport systems and oil and gas pipeline transmission lines, because of the substantial lost revenues from shutting them down. On-stream inspection enables companies to avoid the costs associated with shutdowns during testing while enabling the economic and safety advantages of advanced planning or predictive maintenance. Power Generation and Transmission Asset protection in the power industry has traditionally been associated with the inspection of high-energy, critical steam piping, boilers, rotating equipment, and various other plant components (balance of plant), utility aerial man-lift devices, large transformer testing and various other applications for nuclear and fossil-fuel based power plants. We believe that in recent years the acceptance of asset protection solutions has grown rapidly in this industry due to the aging of critical power generation and transmission infrastructure. For instance, the average age of a nuclear power plant in the United States is over 30 years. Also driving this segment is the large conversion of tradition coal plants to cleaner burning and more efficient natural gas fired power plants. Furthermore, global demand for power generation and transmission has grown rapidly and is expected to continue, primarily as a result of the energy needs of emerging economies such as China and India. The areas of power generation and transmission on which we focus our efforts are natural gas, fossil, nuclear, alternative and renewable, such as wind. Process Industries The process industries, or industries in which raw materials are treated or prepared in a series of stages, include chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food processing, paper and pulp and metals and mining, have a need for our products and services. As with oil and gas processing facilities, chemical processing facilities require significant spending on maintenance and monitoring. Given their aging infrastructure and high utilization requirements, growing capacity constraints and increasing capital costs, we believe asset protection solutions will continue to grow in importance in maintenance planning, quality and cost control and prevention of catastrophic failure in the chemicals industry. Public Infrastructure, Research and Engineering We believe that high profile infrastructure catastrophes, such as the collapse of the I-35W Mississippi River Bridge in Minneapolis and others since, have caused public authorities to more actively seek ways to prevent similar events from occurring. Public authorities tasked with new construction and maintenance of existing, public infrastructure increasingly use asset protection solutions to inspect these assets, including the use of embedded sensors to enable on-line monitoring throughout the life of the asset. This is a target market for our application technology and experience. Over the last twenty years, we have provided testing and health monitoring on many bridges and structures worldwide, among which include some of the largest and well-known bridges in the United States and United Kingdom. In fiscal 2015, for example, we installed several wire break systems complete with multiple sensors types (known as sensor fusion). These are being monitored 24/7 automatically, alerting the bridge owner when a crack is detected. Other services are offered, including internet and cloud data transfer, secure web sites and monitoring contracts that provide for “around the clock monitoring” and regular reports, which provide information on the status of the bridge and early detection of suspect areas that can be identified and repaired before an alarm is generated. We continue to provide these monitoring services worldwide. Aerospace and Defense The operational safety, reliability, structural integrity and maintenance of aircraft and associated products is critical to the aerospace and defense industries. Industry participants increasingly use asset protection solutions to perform inspections upon delivery, and also periodically employ asset protection solutions during the operational service of aircraft, using advanced ultrasonic immersion systems or digital radiography in order to precisely detect structural defects. Industry participants also use asset protection solutions for the inspection of advanced composites found in new classes of aircraft, x-ray of critical engine components, ultrasonic fatigue testing of complete aircraft structures, corrosion detection and on-board monitoring of landing 8 Table of Contents gear and other critical components. We expect increased demand for our solutions including our destructive testing business from the aerospace industry to result from wider use of these advanced composites and distributed on-line sensor networks and other embedded analytical applications built into the structure of assets to enable real-time performance monitoring and condition-based maintenance. We serve this rapidly growing target market by providing our state of the art fully integrated inspection systems to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). For the OEM that prefers to outsource this inspection, we provide a full range of in-house services through our various regional facilities. These facilities have obtained numerous accreditations and certifications required to meet the stringent inspection criteria that the aerospace industry demands. Industrial The quality control requirements driven by the need for zero to low defect component tolerance within automated robotic intensive industries such as automotive, consumer electronics and medical industries, serve as key drivers for the recent growth of NDT technologies, such as ultrasonics and radiography. We expect that increasingly stringent quality control requirements and competitive forces will drive the demand for more costly finishing and polishing which, in turn, may promote greater use of NDT throughout the production lifecycle. Our Competitive Strengths We believe the following competitive strengths contribute to our being a leading provider of asset protection solutions and will allow us to further capitalize on growth opportunities in our industry: • One Source Provider for Asset Protection Solutions® Worldwide. We believe we have the most comprehensive portfolio of proprietary and integrated asset protection solutions, including inspection and engineering services, products and systems worldwide, which positions us to be the leading single source provider for a customer’s asset protection requirements. Through our network of approximately 120 offices, supplemented by independent representatives in 14 countries around the world, we offer an extensive portfolio of solutions that enables our customers to consolidate all their inspection and maintenance requirements and the associated data storage and analytics on a single system that spans the customers’ entire enterprise. • Long-Standing Trusted Provider to a Diversified and Growing Customer Base. By providing critical and reliable NDT services, products and systems for more than 30 years and expanding our asset protection solutions, we have become a trusted partner to a large and growing customer base across numerous infrastructure-intensive industries globally. Our customers include some of the largest and most well-recognized firms in the oil and gas, chemicals, fossil and nuclear power, and aerospace and defense industries as well as some of the largest public authorities. • Repository of Customer-Specific Inspection Data. Our enterprise data management and analysis software, PCMS, enables us to capture, warehouse, manage and analyze our customers’ testing and inspection data in a centralized relational database. As a result, we have accumulated large amounts of proprietary process data and information that allows us to provide our customers with value-added services, such as benchmarking, risk-based inspection and reliability centered maintenance solutions including predictive maintenance, inspection scheduling, data analytics and regulatory compliance. • Proprietary Products, Software and Technology Packages. We have developed systems that have become the cornerstone of several high value-added unique NDT applications, such as those used for the testing of above-ground storage tanks (the TANKPAC® technology package). These proprietary products allow us to efficiently and effectively provide highly valued solutions to our customers’ complex applications, resulting in a significant competitive advantage. In addition to the proprietary products and systems that we sell to customers on a stand-alone basis, we also develop a range of proprietary sensors, instruments, systems and software used exclusively by our Services segment. • Deep Domain Knowledge and Extensive Industry Experience. We are an industry leader in developing advanced asset protection solutions, including acoustic emission testing for non-intrusive on-line monitoring of storage tanks and pressure vessels, bridges and transformers, portable corrosion mapping, ultrasonic testing (UT) systems, on-line plant asset integrity management with sensor fusion, enterprise software solutions for plant-wide and fleet-wide inspection data archiving and management, advanced and thick composites inspection and ultrasonic phased array inspection of thick wall boilers. • Collaborating with Our Customers. Our asset protection solutions have historically been designed in response to our customers’ unique performance specifications and are supported by our proprietary technologies. Important 9 Table of Contents technology packages, such as TANKPAC for tank floor corrosion detection and Acoustic Turbine Monitoring System (ACTMS), were developed in close cooperation and partnership with key Mistras customers. Our sales and engineering teams work closely with our customers’ research and design staff during the design phase in order to incorporate our products into specified infrastructure projects, as well as with facilities maintenance personnel to ensure that we are able to provide the asset protection solutions necessary to meet these customers’ changing demands. • Experienced Management Team. Our management team has a track record of leadership in NDT, DT, PdM and engineering services, averaging over 20 years of experience in the industry. These individuals also have extensive experience in growing businesses organically and in acquiring and integrating companies, which we believe is important to facilitate future growth in the fragmented asset protection industry. In addition, our senior managers are supported by highly experienced managers who are responsible for delivering our solutions to customers. Our Growth Strategy Our growth strategy emphasizes the following key elements: • Continue to Develop Technology-Enabled Asset Protection Services, Products, Software and Systems. We intend to maintain and enhance our technological leadership by continuing to invest in the internal development of new services, products, software and systems. Our highly trained team of Ph.D.’s, engineers, application software developers and certified technicians has been instrumental in developing numerous significant asset protection standards. We believe their knowledge base will continue to enable us to innovate a wide range of new asset protection solutions. • Increase Revenues from Our Existing Customers. Many of our customers are multinational corporations with asset protection requirements from multiple divisions at multiple locations across the globe. Currently, we believe we capture a relatively small portion of their overall expenditures on these solutions. We believe our superior services, products and systems, combined with the trend of outsourcing asset protection solutions to a small number of trusted service providers, position us to significantly expand both the number of divisions and locations that we serve as well as the types of solutions we provide. We strive to be the preferred global partner for our customers and aim to become the single source provider for their asset protection solution requirements. • Add New Customers in Existing Target Markets. Our current customer base represents a small fraction of the total number of companies in most of our target markets with asset protection requirements. Our scale, scope of products and services and expertise in creating technology-enabled solutions have allowed us to build a reputation for high- quality and have increased customer awareness about us and our asset protection solutions. We intend to leverage our reputation and solutions offerings to win new customers within our existing target markets, especially as asset protection solutions are adopted internationally. We intend to continue to leverage our competitive strengths to win new business as customers in our existing target markets continue to seek a single source and trusted provider of advanced asset protection solutions. • Expand Our Customer Base into New End Markets. We believe we have significant opportunities to expand our customer base in relatively new end markets, including nuclear, wind turbine and other alternative energy and natural gas transportation industries and the market for public infrastructure, such as highways and bridges. The expansion of our addressable markets is being driven by the increased recognition and adoption of asset protection services, products and systems, and new NDT technologies enabling further applications in industries such as healthcare and compressed and liquefied natural gas transportation, and the aging of infrastructure, such as construction and loading cranes and ports, to the point where visual inspection has proven inadequate and new asset protection solutions are required. We expect to continue to expand our global sales organization, grow our inspection data management and data mining services and find new high-value applications. As companies in these emerging end markets realize the benefits of our asset protection solutions, we expect to expand our leadership position by addressing customer needs and winning new business. • Continue to Capitalize on Acquisitions. We intend to continue employing a disciplined acquisition strategy to broaden, complement and enhance our product and service offerings, add new customers and certified personnel, expand our sales channels, supplement our internal development efforts and accelerate our expected growth. We believe the market for asset protection solutions is highly fragmented with a large number of potential acquisition opportunities. We have a proven ability to integrate complementary businesses, as demonstrated by the success of our past acquisitions, which have often contributed entirely new products and services that have added to our revenues and 10 Table of Contents profitability. In addition, we often sell our advanced asset protection solutions to customers of companies we acquired that had previously relied on traditional NDT solutions. Our Segments The Company has three operating segments: • • Services. This segment provides asset protection solutions predominantly in North America with the largest concentration in the United States along with a growing Canadian services business, consisting primarily of non- destructive testing, and inspection and engineering services that are used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. International. This segment offers services, products and systems similar to those of our Services and Products and Systems segments to global markets, in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and South America, but not to customers in China and South Korea, which are served by our Products and Systems segment. • Products and Systems. This segment designs, manufactures, sells, installs and services our asset protection products and systems, including equipment and instrumentation, predominantly in the United States. For discussion of segment revenues, operating results and other financial information, including geographic areas in which we generated revenues, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7, as well as Note 19 - Segment Disclosure in the notes to consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Report. Our Solutions We offer our customers “one source for asset protection solutions”® and are a leading global provider of technology-enabled asset protection solutions used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. We combine industry-leading products and technologies, expertise in MI, NDT, DT and PdM services, process and fixed asset engineering and consulting services, and our world class enterprise inspection database management and analysis software PCMS, to deliver a comprehensive portfolio of customized solutions, ranging from routine inspections to complex, plant-wide asset integrity management and assessments. We deliver our solutions through a combination of services and products and systems. Our Services Our Services segment provides a range of testing and inspection services to a diversified customer base across energy-related, industrial and public infrastructure industries. We either deploy our services directly at the customer’s location or through our own extensive network of field testing facilities. Our footprint allows us to provide asset protection solutions through local offices in close proximity to our customers, permitting us to keep response time, and travel, living and per diem costs to a minimum, while maximizing our ability to develop meaningful, collaborative customer relationships. Examples of our comprehensive portfolio of services include: testing components of new construction as they are built or assembled; providing corrosion monitoring data to help customers determine whether to repair or retire infrastructure; providing material analysis to ensure the integrity of infrastructure components; and supplying non-invasive on-stream techniques that enable our customers to pinpoint potential problem areas prior to failure. In addition, we also provide services to assist in the planning and scheduling of resources for repairs and maintenance activities. Our experienced inspection professionals perform these services, supported by our advanced proprietary software and hardware products. Examples of our services are discussed below. 11 Table of Contents Traditional NDT Services Our certified personnel provide a range of traditional inspection services. For example, our visual inspections provide comprehensive assessments of the condition of our customers’ plant equipment during capital construction projects and maintenance shutdowns. Of the broad set of traditional NDT techniques that we provide, several lend themselves to integration with our other offerings and often serve as the initial entry point to more advanced customer engagements. For example, we provide a comprehensive program for the inspection of above-ground storage tanks designed to meet stringent industry standards for the inspection, repair, alteration and reconstruction of oil and petrochemical storage tanks. This program includes magnetic flux exclusion for the rapid detection of floor plate corrosion, advanced ultrasonic systems and leak detection of floor defects, remote ultrasonic crawlers for shell and roof inspections and trained, certified inspectors for visual inspection and documentation. Advanced NDT Services In addition to traditional NDT services, we provide a broad range of proprietary advanced NDT services that we offer on a stand-alone basis or in combination with software solutions such as our proprietary enterprise inspection data management and plant condition monitoring software and systems (PCMS). We also provide on-line monitoring capabilities and other solutions that enable the delivery of accurate and real-time information to our customers. Our advanced NDT services require more complex equipment and more skilled inspection professionals to operate this equipment and interpret test results. Some of the technologies and techniques we use include automated ultrasonic testing, guided ultrasonic long wave testing, phased array ultrasonic testing, risk-based inspection (RBI) and computed and digital radiography. Mechanical Integrity Services We provide a broad range of MI services that enable our customers to meet stringent regulatory requirements. These services increase plant safety, minimize unscheduled downtime and allow our customers to plan for, repair and replace critical components and systems before failure occurs. Our services are designed to complement a comprehensive predictive and preventative inspection and maintenance program that we can provide for our customers in addition to the MI services. Customers of our MI services have, in many instances, also licensed our PCMS software, which allows for the storage and analysis of data captured by our testing and inspection products and services, and implemented this solution to complement our inspection services. As a result of the information captured by PCMS and its risk-based inspection software module, we are able to provide a professional service known as “Mechanical Integrity Gap Analysis” for process facilities. Our Mechanical Integrity Gap Analysis service offers insight into the level of plant readiness, how best to manage and monitor the integrity of process facility assets, and how to extend the useful lives of such assets. Our Mechanical Integrity Gap Analysis service also assists customers in benchmarking and managing their infrastructure through key performance indicators and other metrics. Destructive Testing Services We provide a wide range of destructive testing (DT) services. Hardness, stiffness and strength are a few key indicators drawn from destructive tests per customer specifications. DT is a strength of our subsidiary, Mistras-GMA in Germany, which specializes in an array of destructive testing applications utilized throughout the materials selection and approval process in the aerospace, automotive, chemical, oil and gas and power generation industries. Example testing includes: • Mechanical tests — Materials, specimens and even composites are subjected to increasing levels of tension, • compression, shear and peeling until failure. There are a number of variations of mechanical testing in which adding temperature, strain, unidirectional load or shear can provide useful results Physical/Chemical — Used to examine specific material and thermal characteristics as well as chemical compositions, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high performance liquid chromatography, fiber volume content and fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) • Materialography — Gives an insight into the geometries of structural composites, which presents an inside track with regards to determining failure mechanisms and asset lifespan expectations. Our Products and Systems We provide a range of acoustic emission (AE) products and are a leader in the design and manufacture of AE sensors, instruments and turn-key systems used for monitoring and testing materials, pressure components, processes and structures. Though we principally sell our products as a system, which includes a combination of sensors, an amplifier, signal processing 12 Table of Contents electronics, knowledge-based software and decision and feedback electronics, we can also sell these as individual components to certain customers that have the in-house expertise to perform their own services. Our sensors “listen” to structures and materials to detect real-time AE activity and to determine the presence of active corrosion, crack propagation and other structural flaws in the inspected materials. Such components include pressure vessels, storage tanks, heat exchangers, piping, turbine blades and reactors. In addition, we provide leak monitoring and detection systems used in diverse applications, including the detection and location of both gaseous and liquid leaks in valves, vessels, pipelines, boilers and tanks. AE leak monitoring and detection, when applied in a systematic preventive maintenance program, has proven to substantially reduce costs by eliminating the need for visual valve inspection and unscheduled down-time. We design, manufacture and market a complete line of ultrasonic equipment. While AE technology detects flaws and pinpoints their location, our UT technology has the ability to size defects in three-dimensional geometric representations. Our line of UT systems include various Automated UT scanners, our unique portable UT handheld and tablet systems with motion control to run our many inspection scanners, and our immersion systems ranging from small bench top units to large UT systems over 55 feet long and large production unit gantry systems. We provide a wide array of digital radiographic systems to solve specific industrial problems, including Computed Radiography (CR), Real-Time Radiography (RTR), Direct Radiography (DR), and Computed Tomography (CT). Digital Radiography is one of the newest forms of radiographic imaging. Thickness profiles of piping systems, both insulated and un- insulated, are performed using computed radiography, while large production runs of smaller parts are inspected using direct radiography. Real time radiography is utilized for large “real time” inspections of insulated piping systems to identify areas of pipe degradation. Technology Solutions In order to address some of the more common problems faced by our customers, we have developed a number of robust technology solutions. These packages generally allow more rapid and effective testing of infrastructure because they minimize the need for service professionals to customize and integrate asset protection solutions with the infrastructure and interpret test results. These packaged solutions use proprietary and specialized testing procedures and hardware, advanced pattern recognition, neural network software and databases to compare test results against our prior testing data or national and international structural integrity standards. One such package is our ACTMS (Acoustic Combustion Turbine Monitoring System), an on-line system to detect stator blade cracks in gas turbines. Others include TANKPAC for tank inspections, POWERPAC for monitoring discharges in critical power grid transformers, and the AMS boiler tube leak detection and location monitoring system. Software Solutions Our software solutions are designed to meet the demands of our customers inspection data management, risk management, data analysis and asset integrity management requirements. We address these requirements using best in class database management systems and applying enterprise based inspection and data management applications. We apply our comprehensive portfolio of customized Acoustic Emission and Ultrasonic application-specific software products to cover a broad range of materials testing and analysis methods, for neural networks, pattern recognition, wavelet analysis and moment tensor analysis. Some of the key software solutions we offer include: • • PCMS enterprise software: A leading inspection data management system for supporting asset protection and reliability ISOTRAC: A multiphase methodology to illustrate in 3-D each element of a plant to help develop an overall asset integrity management program that meets or exceeds compliance with current MI standards and regulations Our PCMS application is an enterprise software system that allows for the collection, storage and analysis of data as captured by our testing and inspection products and services and convert it to valuable information for our plant personnel and plant management. PCMS allows our customers to design and develop asset integrity management monitoring plans that include: • • • optimal systematic testing schedules for their infrastructure based on real-time data captured by our sensors; alerts that notify customers when to perform special testing services on suspect areas, enabling them to identify and resolve flaws on a timely basis by using our PCMS risk-based inspection (RBI) software module; and schedules for the maintenance and retirement of assets. 13 Table of Contents PCMS also offers advantages by allowing the information it develops and stores to be organized, linked and synchronized with enterprise software systems such as SAP and IBM’s Maximo. We believe PCMS is one of the more widely used plant condition management software systems in the world and we estimate it is currently used by more than 40% of U.S. refineries, by capacity. This provides us not only with recurring maintenance and support fees, but also marketing opportunities for additional software, asset integrity management and other asset protection solutions. PCMS has also been chosen and installed by leading midstream pipeline energy companies and major energy companies in Canada and Europe. We also offer other software solutions, such as our Advanced Data Analysis Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks Software (NOESIS), which enables our AE experts to develop automated remote monitoring systems for our customers, and our Loose Parts Monitoring Software (LPMS), which is a software program for monitoring, detecting and evaluating metallic loose parts in nuclear reactor coolant systems in accordance with strict industry standards. Engineering and Consulting Services In addition to software and advanced technologies, Mistras also provides professional engineering and consulting services that is organized under our Asset Integrity Management Services (AIMS) group. Asset integrity management refers to the management system that enables plant owners to maintain the integrity of its assets in a fit for service condition for the desired life of the assets, as well as optimize the assets that are part of a process unit. Our engineering and consulting support capabilities include plant operations support, turn-around planning, project planning, management and execution, facilities planning studies, engineering design, safety reviews, plant operations improvement and optimization evaluations, and technical training. On-line Monitoring Our on-line monitoring offerings combine all of our asset protection services, products and systems. We provide temporary, periodic and continuous monitoring of static infrastructures such as bridges, pipes, and transformers, as well as dynamic or rotating assets such as pumps, motors, gearboxes, steam and gas turbines. Temporary monitoring is typically used when there is a known defect or problem and the condition needs to be monitored until repaired or new equipment can be placed in service. Periodic monitoring, or “walk around” monitoring, is used as a preventative maintenance tool to take machine and device readings, on a periodic basis, to observe any change in the assets’ condition, such as increased vibration or unusual heat buildup and dissipation. Continuous monitoring is applied “24/7” on critical assets to observe the earliest onset of a defect and to track its progression to avoid catastrophic failure. Centers of Excellence Another differentiator in our business model is the formation of our Centers of Excellence (COEs), which we consider to be incubators of inspection technology. The COEs are focused around target applications in our key market segments. They are supported by subject matter experts that will engage in strategic sales opportunities offering customers value-added solutions using advanced technologies and methods providing oversight, management and consultation. The COEs have a blueprint for their areas that can be replicated throughout the world by delivering procedures, equipment, reports, certifications, etc. ensuring a standardized approach to implementation yielding higher margin business. Customers We provide our asset protection solutions to a global customer base of diverse companies primarily in our target markets. One customer, BP plc., accounted for approximately 10% of our total revenues for fiscal 2016. No customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues in fiscal 2015 or 2014. Geographic Areas We conduct our business in 14 different countries. Our revenues are primarily derived from our U.S., Canadian and European operations. See Note 19 — Segment Disclosure to the consolidated financial statements in this report for further disclosure of our revenues, long-lived assets and other financial information regarding our international operations. Seasonality Our business is seasonal. This seasonality relates primarily to our Services segment. Our first and third fiscal quarter revenues for our Services segment are typically lower than our revenues in the second and fourth fiscal quarters because demand for our 14 Table of Contents asset protection solutions from the oil and gas as well as the fossil and nuclear power industries increases during their non-peak production periods. Because we are increasing our work in the second and fourth fiscal quarters, our cash flows are lower in those quarters than in our first and third quarters, as collections of receivables lag behind revenues. For instance, U.S. refineries’ non-peak periods are generally in our second fiscal quarter, when they are retooling to produce more heating oil for winter, and in our fourth fiscal quarter, when they are retooling to produce more gasoline for summer. Our quarterly Services segment revenues for fiscal 2016, as a percentage of total Services revenues for fiscal 2016, were 25% (first quarter), 27% (second quarter), 22% (third quarter), and 26% (fourth quarter). We expect that this seasonality will continue. Competition We operate in a highly competitive, but fragmented, market. Our primary competitors are divisions of large companies, and many of our other competitors are small companies, limited to a specific product or technology and focused on a niche market or geographic region. We believe that none of our competitors currently provides the full range of asset protection and NDT products, enterprise software (PCMS) and the traditional and advanced services solutions that we offer. Our competition with respect to NDT services include the Acuren division of Rockwood Service Corporation, SGS Group, the Team Qualspec division of Team, Inc. and APPLUS RTD. Our competition with respect to our PCMS software includes UltraPIPE, Lloyd’s Register Capstone, Inc. and Meridium Systems. Our competition with respect to our ultrasonic and radiography products are GE Inspection Technologies and Olympus NDT. In the traditional NDT market, we believe the principal competitive factors include project management, availability of qualified personnel, execution, price, reputation and quality. In the advanced NDT market, reputation, quality and size are more significant competitive factors than price. We believe that the NDT market has significant barriers to entry which would make it difficult for new competitors to enter the market. These barriers include: (1) having to acquire or develop advanced NDT services, products and systems technologies, which in our case occurred over many years of customer engagements and at significant internal research and development expense, (2) complex regulations and safety codes that require significant industry experience, (3) license requirements and evolved quality and safety programs, (4) costly and time-consuming certification processes, (5) capital requirements and (6) emphasis by large customers on size and critical mass, length of relationship and past service record. Sales and Marketing We sell our asset protection solutions through our experienced and highly trained direct sales and marketing teams within all of our offices worldwide. In addition, our project and laboratory managers as well as our management are trained on our solutions and often are the source of sales leads and customer contacts. Our direct sales and marketing teams work closely with our customers’ research and design personnel, reliability engineers and facilities maintenance engineers to demonstrate the benefits and capabilities of our asset protection solutions, refine our asset protection solutions based on changing market and customer needs and identify potential sales opportunities. We divide our sales and marketing efforts into services sales, products and systems sales and marketing and utilize a robust CRM system to collect, manage and collaborate customer information with our teams globally. Our CRM also provides critical data to provide accurate forecasting and reporting. Manufacturing Most of our hardware products are manufactured in our Princeton Junction, New Jersey facility. Our Princeton Junction facility includes the capabilities and personnel to fully produce all of our AE products, NDT Automation Ultrasonic equipment and Vibra-Metrics vibration sensing products and systems. We recently expanded our manufacturing facilities to handle the assembly and manufacturing of our larger UT systems due to growth in this segment. Certain other hardware is manufactured by a third party and then loaded by us with our proprietary software. We also design and manufacture automated ultrasonic systems and scanners in France. Intellectual Property Our success depends, in part, on our ability to maintain and protect our proprietary technology and to conduct our business without infringing on the proprietary rights of others. We utilize a combination of intellectual property safeguards, including patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, as well as employee and third-party confidentiality agreements, to protect our intellectual property. As of May 31, 2016, we held 6 patents (by direct ownership or exclusive licensing), all in the United States, which will expire at various times between fiscal 2017 and 2026, and license certain other patents. However, we do not principally rely on these patents or licenses to provide our proprietary asset protection solutions. Our trademarks and service marks provide us and our products and services with a certain amount of brand recognition in our markets. We do not consider any single patent, trademark or service mark material to our financial condition or results of operations. 15 Table of Contents As of May 31, 2016, the primary trademarks and service marks that we held in the United States included Mistras® and our stylized globe design. Other trademarks or service marks that we utilize in localized markets or product advertising include PCMS®, Physical Acoustics Corporation and the PAC logo, Ropeworks®, NOESIS, Pocket AE®, Pocket UT® AEwinPost, UTwin®, UTIA, LST, Vibra-Metrics®, Field CAL®, MONPAC, PERFPAC, TANKPAC® , Valve-Squeak®,VPAC, POWERPAC, Sensor Highway, QSL, NDT Automation, and One Source for Asset Projection Solutions®. , AEwin®, Many elements of our asset protection solutions involve proprietary know-how, technology or data that are not covered by patents or patent applications because they are not patentable, or patents covering them would be difficult to enforce, including technical processes, equipment designs, algorithms and procedures. We believe that this proprietary know-how, technology and data is the most important component of our intellectual property assets used in our asset protection solutions, and is a primary differentiator of our asset protection solutions from those of our competitors. We rely on various trade secret protection techniques and agreements with our customers, service providers and vendors to protect these assets. All of our employees are subject to confidentiality requirements through our employee handbook. In addition, employees in our Products and Systems segment and our other employees involved in the development of our intellectual property have entered into confidentiality and proprietary information agreements with us. Our employee handbook and these agreements require our employees not to use or disclose our confidential information, to assign to us all of the inventions, designs and technologies they develop during the course of employment with us, and otherwise address intellectual property protection issues. We also seek confidentiality agreements from our customers and business partners before we disclose any sensitive aspects of our asset protection solutions technology or business strategies. We are not currently involved in any material intellectual property claims. Research and Development Our research and development is principally conducted by engineers and scientists at our Princeton Junction, New Jersey headquarters, and supplemented by other employees in the United States and throughout the world, including France, Greece, and the United Kingdom, who have other primary responsibilities. Our total professional staff includes employees who hold Ph.D.’s and engineers and employees who hold Level III certification, the highest level of certification from the American Society of Non-Destructive Testing. We work with customers to develop new products or applications for our technology. Research and development expenses are reflected on our consolidated statements of income as research and engineering expenses. Our company-sponsored research and engineering expenses were approximately $2.5 million, $2.5 million and $3.0 million for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. While we have historically funded most of our research and development expenditures, from time to time we also receive customer-sponsored research and development funding. We also have paid research contracts in Greece, Brazil, France, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, for various industries and applications, including testing of new composites, detecting crack propagation and wireless and communications technologies, as well as the development of permanently embedded inspection systems using acoustic emission and acousto-ultrasonics to provide continuous on-line in-service full coverage monitoring of critical structural components. Most of the projects are in our target markets; however, a few of the projects could lead to other future market opportunities. Employees Providing our asset protection solutions requires a highly-skilled and technically proficient employee base. As of May 31, 2016, we had approximately 5,700 employees worldwide, of which approximately 65% were based in the United States. Less than 10% of our employees in the United States are unionized. We believe that we have good relations with our employees. Environmental Matters We are subject to numerous environmental, legal and regulatory requirements related to our operations worldwide. In the United States, these laws and regulations include, among others: the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Atomic Energy Act, the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, and applicable regulations. In addition to the federal laws and regulations, states and other countries where we do business often have numerous environmental, legal and regulatory requirements by which we must abide. We evaluate and address the environmental impact of our operations by assessing properties in order to avoid future liabilities and comply with environmental, legal and regulatory requirements. We received a notice in May 2015 that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) performed a preliminary assessment of a leased facility we operate in Cudahy, California. Based upon the preliminary assessment, the EPA would like to conduct an 16 Table of Contents investigation of the site, which would include taking groundwater and soil samples. The purpose of the investigation is to determine whether any hazardous materials were released from the facility. We have been informed that certain hazardous materials and pollutants have been found in the ground water in the general vicinity of the site and the EPA is attempting to ascertain the origination or source of these materials and pollutants. Given the historic industrial use of the site, the EPA determined that the site of our Cudahy facility should be examined along with numerous other sites in the vicinity. At this time, we are not able to determine whether we have any liability in connection with this matter and if so, the amount or range of any such liability. Our Website and Available Information Our website address is www.mistrasgroup.com. We file reports with the SEC, including Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Current Reports on Form 8-K and Proxy Statements. All of the materials we file with or furnish to the SEC are available free of charge on our website at http://investors.mistrasgroup.com/sec.cfm, as soon as reasonably practicable after having been electronically submitted to the SEC. Information contained on or connected to our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this report or any other filing with the SEC. All of our SEC filings are also available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, materials we file with the SEC may be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Executive Officers The following are our executive officers and other key employees as of May 31, 2016 and their background and experience: Name Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos Dennis Bertolotti Mark F. Carlos Michael C. Keefe Michael J. Lange Jonathan H. Wolk Age 70 56 64 59 56 55 Position Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Group Executive Vice President, Services America Group Executive Vice President, Products and Systems Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Vice Chairman, Group Executive Vice President, Strategic Planning and Business Development, and Director Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Subsequent to May 31, 2016, Dennis Bertolotti became President and Chief Operating Officer, Jonathan H. Wolk became Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Michael J. Lange became Vice Chairman, Senior Group Executive Vice President of Global Business Development, Marketing & Strategic Planning, and Director. Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos has been our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer since he founded Mistras in 1978 under the name Physical Acoustics Corporation. Prior to joining Mistras, Dr. Vahaviolos worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories. Dr. Vahaviolos received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and graduated first in his engineering class from Fairleigh Dickinson University and received Masters Degrees in Electrical Engineering and Philosophy and a Ph.D. (EE) from the Columbia University School of Engineering. During Dr. Vahaviolos’ career in non-destructive testing, he has been elected Fellow of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, a member of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) where he served as its President from 1992-1993 and its Chairman from 1993-1994, a member of Acoustic Emission Working Group (AEWG) and an honorary life member of the International Committee for Nondestructive Testing. Additionally, he was the recipient of ASNT’s Gold Medal in 2001 and AEWG’s Gold Medal in 2005. He was also one of the six founders of NDT Academia International in 2008 headquartered in Brescia, Italy. Dennis Bertolotti joined Mistras when Conam Inspection Services was acquired in 2003, where Mr. Bertolotti was a Vice President at the time of the acquisition. Mr. Bertolotti has been in the NDT business for over 30 years, and previously held ASNT Level III certifications and various American Petroleum Institute, or API, certifications, and received his Associate of Science degree in NDT from Moraine Valley Community College in 1983. Mr. Bertolotti has also received a Bachelor of Science and MBA from Otterbein College. Mark F. Carlos joined Mistras at its founding in 1978. Prior to joining Mistras, Mr. Carlos worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories. Mr. Carlos received a MBA from Rider University and a Masters in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University. Mr. Carlos is an elected Fellow of ASNT and AEWG, and currently serves as the Chairman of the American Society for Testing 17 Table of Contents and Materials’ NDT Standards Writing Committee E-07 and was the recipient of its prestigious Charles W. Briggs Award in 2007. Michael C. Keefe joined Mistras in December 2009. Most recently before Mistras, Mr. Keefe worked at International Fight League, a publicly-traded sports promotion company, from 2007 until 2009, in various executive positions. From 1990 until 2006, Mr. Keefe served in various legal roles with Lucent Technologies and AT&T, the last four years as Vice President, Corporate and Securities Law and Assistant Secretary. Mr. Keefe received a BS in Business Administration (Accounting) from Seton Hall University and a J.D. from Seton Hall University School of Law. Michael J. Lange joined Mistras when we acquired Quality Services Laboratories in November 2000, and was elected a Director in 2003. Mr. Lange is a well-recognized authority in Radiography and has held an ASNT Level III Certificate for almost 20 years. Mr. Lange received an Associate of Science degree in NDT from the Spartan School of Aeronautics in 1979. Jonathan H. Wolk joined us in November 2013. Prior to joining Mistras, he served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of American Woodmark Corporation from 2004 until August 2013. Prior to American Woodmark, he served as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Tradecard, Inc., from 2000 to 2004, and was the global controller of GE Capital Real Estate from 1998 to 2000. Mr. Wolk started his career in public accounting at KPMG, received his B.S. in accounting from State University of New York-Albany and is a certified public accountant. Our executive officers are elected by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS This section describes the major risks to us, our business and our common stock. You should carefully read and consider the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this Annual Report, including our financial statements and the notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”(MD&A) before making an investment decision. The statements contained in this section constitute cautionary statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects may be adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors that could impact us. Accordingly, you should not consider the following to be a complete discussion of all risks and uncertainties pertaining to us and our common stock. Risks Related to Our Business Our growth strategy includes acquisitions. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or integrate acquired businesses successfully, which may adversely impact our results. Furthermore, acquisitions that we do complete could expose us to a number of unanticipated operational and financial risks. A significant factor in our growth has been and will continue to be based upon our ability to make acquisitions and successfully integrate these acquired businesses. We intend to continue to seek additional acquisition opportunities, both to expand into new markets and to enhance our position in existing markets. This strategy has provided us with many benefits and has helped fuel our growth, but also carries with it many risks. Some of the risks associated with our acquisition strategy include: • whether we successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates, negotiate appropriate acquisition terms, and complete proposed acquisitions • whether we can successfully integrate acquired businesses into our current operations, including our accounting, internal control and information technology systems, marketing and other key infrastructure • whether we can adequately capture opportunities that an acquired business may offer, including the expansion into new markets in which we have no prior experience • whether we value an acquired business properly when determining the purchase price, terms and whether we are able to achieve the returns on the investment we expect • whether an acquired business can achieve levels of revenues, profitability, productivity or cost savings we expect 18 Table of Contents • whether an acquired business is compatible with our culture and philosophy of doing business • • • unexpected loss of key personnel and customers of an acquired business; the assumption of liabilities and risks (including environmental-related costs) of an acquired business, some of which may not be anticipated; and the potential disruption of our ongoing business and distraction of management and other personnel of us and the acquired business resulting from the efforts to acquire then integrate an acquired business Our ability to undertake acquisitions is limited by our financial resources, including available cash and borrowing capacity. Future acquisitions could result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of substantial additional indebtedness and other expenses, any of which could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Although management intends to: (i) evaluate the risks inherent in any particular transaction, (ii) assume only risks management believes to be acceptable, and (iii) develop plans to mitigate such risks, there are no assurances that we will properly ascertain or accurately assess the extent of all such risks. Difficulties encountered with acquisitions may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we have a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets on our balance sheet as a result of our acquisitions. This will increase as we complete more acquisitions. If our acquisitions do not perform as planned and we do not realize the benefits and profitability we expect, we could incur significant write-downs and impairment charges to our earnings due to the impairment of the goodwill and other intangible assets we have acquired. Our international operations are subject to risks relating to non-U.S. operations. In fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 we generated approximately 28%, 31% and 35% of our revenues outside the United States, respectively. We may choose to increase our international presence over time. Our primary operations outside the United States are in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, France and Brazil. We also have operations in the Netherlands, India, Belgium and Switzerland. There are numerous risks inherent in doing business in international markets, including: • • • • • • • • • • • fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates; varying regional and geopolitical business and economic conditions and demands; compliance with applicable foreign regulations and licensing requirements, and U.S. laws and regulation with respect to our business in other countries, including export controls and anti-bribery laws; the cost and uncertainty of obtaining data and creating solutions that are relevant to particular geographic markets; the need to provide sufficient levels of technical support in different locations; the complexity of maintaining effective policies and procedures in locations around the world; political instability and civil unrest; restrictions or limitations on outsourcing contracts or services abroad; the impact of the United Kingdom exiting the European Union; restrictions or limitations on the repatriation of funds; and potentially adverse tax consequences. Due to our dependency on customers in the oil and gas industry, we are susceptible to prolonged negative trends relating to this industry that could adversely affect our operating results. Our customers in the oil and gas industry (including the petrochemical market) have accounted for a substantial portion of our historical revenues. Specifically, they accounted for approximately 56%, 52% and 49% of our revenues for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Although we have expanded our customer base into industries other than the oil and gas industry, we 19 Table of Contents still receive approximately half of our revenues from this industry. While our services are vital to the operators of plants and refineries, economic slowdowns or reductions in oil prices could result in cutbacks in contracts for our services. If the oil and gas industry were to suffer a prolonged or significant downturn, our revenues, profits and cash flows may be reduced. While we continue to expand our market presence in the power generation and transmission, and the chemical processing industries, among others, these markets are also cyclical in nature and as such, are subject to economic downturns. We expect to continue expanding and our success depends on how effectively we manage our growth. We expect to continue experiencing growth in the number of employees and the scope of our operations. To effectively manage our anticipated future growth, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational, compliance, financial and reporting systems and capabilities, expand our facilities and continue to recruit and train additional qualified personnel. We expect that all of these measures will require significant expenditures and will demand the attention of management. Failure to manage our growth effectively could lead us to over or under-invest in technology and operations, result in weaknesses in our infrastructure, systems, compliance programs or controls, give rise to operational mistakes, loss of business opportunities, the loss of employees and reduced productivity among remaining employees. Our expected growth could require significant capital expenditures and may divert financial resources from other projects, such as the development of new solutions. If our management is unable to effectively manage our expected growth, our expenses may increase more than expected, our profit margins may suffer, our revenues could decline or may grow more slowly than expected and we may be unable to implement our business strategy as anticipated. Our operating results could be adversely affected by a reduction in business with our significant customers. We derive a significant amount of revenues from a few customers. For instance, various divisions or business units of our largest customer were responsible for approximately 10% of our revenues for fiscal 2016. Taken as a group, our top ten customers were responsible for approximately 36%, 33% and 38% of our revenues for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This concentration pertains almost exclusively to our Services segment, which accounted for more than 70% of our revenues for each of the last three fiscal years and are primarily in the oil and gas sector. Generally, our customers do not have an obligation to make purchases from us and may stop ordering our products and services or may terminate existing orders or contracts at any time with little or no financial penalty. The loss of any of our significant customers, any substantial decline in sales to these customers or any significant change in the timing or volume of purchases by our customers could result in lower revenues and could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations. An accident or incident involving our asset protection solutions could expose us to claims, harm our reputation and adversely affect our ability to compete for business and, as a result, harm our operating performance. We could be exposed to liabilities arising out of the solutions we provide. For instance, we furnish the results of our testing and inspections for use by our customers in their assessment of their assets, facilities, plants and other structures. If such results were to be incorrect or incomplete, as a result of, for instance, poorly designed inspections, malfunctioning testing equipment or our employees’ failure to adequately test or properly record data, we could be subject to claims. Further, if an accident or incident involving a structure we tested occurs and causes personal injuries or property damage, such as the collapse of a bridge or an explosion in a facility, and particularly if these injuries or damages could have been prevented by our customers had we provided them with correct or complete results, we may face significant claims relating to personal injury, property damage or other losses. Even if our results are correct and complete, we may face claims for such injuries or damage simply because we tested the structure or facility in question. While we do have insurance, our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover the damages from any such claims, forcing us to bear these uninsured damages directly, which could harm our operating results and may result in additional expenses and possible loss of revenues. An accident or incident for which we are found partially or fully responsible, even if fully insured, or even an incident at a customer for which we provide services although we were found not to be responsible, may also result in negative publicity, which would harm our reputation among our customers and the public, cause us to lose existing and future contracts or make it more difficult for us to compete effectively, thereby significantly harming our operating performance. In addition, the occurrence of an accident or incident might also make it more expensive or extremely difficult for us to insure against similar events in the future. Many of the sites at which we work are inherently dangerous workplaces. If we fail to maintain a safe work environment, we may incur losses and lose business. Many of our customers, particularly in the oil and gas and chemical industries, require their inspectors and other contractors working at their facilities to have good safety records because of the inherent danger at these sites. If our employees are injured at the work place, we will incur costs for the injuries and lost productivity. In addition, safety records are impacted by the number and amount of workplace incidents involving a contractor’s employees. If our safety record is not within the levels 20 Table of Contents required by our customers, or compares unfavorably to our competitors, we could lose business, be prevented from working at certain facilities or suffer other adverse consequences, all of which could negatively impact our business, revenues, reputation and profitability. Most of our computer and communications hardware is located at a single facility, the failure of which would harm our business and results of operations. Most of our computer and communications hardware is located at a single facility. We have a back-up data-center and storage in a different geographic area. Should a natural disaster or some other event occur that damages our primary data center or significantly disrupts its operation, such as human error, fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, break-ins, terrorist attacks, acts of war and similar events, we could suffer temporary interruption of key functions and capabilities before the back-up facility is fully operational. If we are unable to attract and retain a sufficient number of trained certified technicians, engineers and scientists at competitive wages, our operational performance may be harmed and our costs may increase. We believe that our success depends, in part, upon our ability to attract, develop and retain a sufficient number of trained certified technicians, engineers and scientists at competitive wages. The demand for such employees fluctuates as the demand for NDT and inspection services fluctuate. There is a reduced demand for technicians because of a slowdown of spending in the oil and gas industry. However, if the demand for qualified technicians increases, we will likely experience increased labor costs. The markets for our products and services require us to use personnel trained and certified in accordance with standards set by domestic or international standard-setting bodies, such as the American Society of Non-Destructive Testing or the American Petroleum Institute. Because of the limited supply of these certified technicians, we expend substantial resources maintaining in-house training and certification programs. If we fail to attract sufficient new personnel or fail to motivate and retain our current personnel, our ability to perform under existing contracts and orders or to pursue new business may be harmed, preventing us from growing our business or causing us to lose customers and revenues, and the costs of performing such contracts and orders may increase, which would likely reduce our margins. We operate in competitive markets and if we are unable to compete successfully, we could lose market share and revenues and our margins could decline. We face strong competition from NDT and a variety of niche asset protection providers, both larger and smaller than we are. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources than we do and could focus their substantial financial resources to develop a competing business model or develop products or services that are more attractive to potential customers than what we offer. Some of our competitors are business units of companies substantially larger than us and could attempt to combine asset protection solutions into an integrated offering to customers who already purchase other types of products or services from them. Our competitors may offer asset protection solutions at lower prices than ours in order to attempt to gain market share. Smaller niche competitors with small customer bases could be aggressive in their pricing in order to retain customers. These competitive factors could reduce our market share, revenues and profits. Events such as natural disasters, industrial accidents, epidemics, war and acts of terrorism, and adverse weather conditions could disrupt our business or the business of our customers, which could significantly harm our operations, financial results and cash flow. Our operations and those of our customers are susceptible to the occurrence of catastrophic events outside our control, ranging from severe weather conditions to acts of war and terrorism. Any such events could cause a serious business disruption that reduces our customers’ need or interest in purchasing our asset protection solutions. For example, significant wild fires in the Fort McMurray vicinity in Canada resulted in a reduction in revenue and earnings for our Canadian operations in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016. In the past, such events have resulted in order cancellations and delays because customer equipment, facilities or operations have been damaged, or are not then operational or available. A large portion of our customer base has operations in the Gulf of Mexico, which is subject to hurricanes in the first and second quarters of our fiscal year. Hurricane- related disruptions to our customers’ operations have adversely affected our revenues in the past. Such events in the future may result in substantial delays in the provision of solutions to our customers and the loss of valuable equipment. In addition, our third quarter fiscal results can be adversely impacted by severe winter weather conditions, which can result in lost work days and temporary closures of customer facilities or outdoor projects. Any cancellations, delays or losses due to such events may significantly reduce our revenues and harm our operating performance. If we lose key members of our senior management team upon whom we are dependent, we may be less effective in managing our operations and may have more difficulty achieving our strategic objectives. 21 Table of Contents Our future success depends to a considerable degree upon the availability, contributions, vision, skills, experience and effort of our senior management team. We have in place various compensation programs, such as an annual cash incentive program, equity incentive program and a severance policy, each designed to incentivize and retain our key senior managers. We have also made changes to our senior management structure so that executive officers other than our founder, Dr. Sotirios Vahaviolos, provide executive leadership for operational, business development and strategy matters. At this time, we do not have any reason to believe that we may lose the services of any of these key persons in the foreseeable future and we believe our compensation programs will help us retain these individuals. We believe we have sufficient depth in our executive management to continue our success if we were to lose the services of an executive. However, an unplanned loss or interruption of the service of two or more key members of our senior management team could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations and could significantly reduce our ability to manage our operations and implement our strategy. Deteriorations in economic conditions in certain markets or other factors may cause us to recognize impairment charges for our goodwill. As of May 31, 2016, the carrying amount of our goodwill was approximately $169 million, of which approximately $36 million relates to our International segment. A significant portion of our international operations are concentrated in Europe and Brazil. Significant deterioration in industry or economic conditions in which we operate, disruptions to our business, not effectively integrating acquired businesses, or other factors, may cause impairment charges to goodwill in future periods. The success of our businesses depends, in part, on our ability to develop new asset protection solutions, increase the functionality of our current offerings and meet the needs and demands of our customers. The market for asset protection solutions is impacted by technological change, uncertain product lifecycles, shifts in customer demands and evolving industry standards and regulations. We may not be able to successfully develop and market new asset protection solutions that comply with present or emerging industry regulations and technology standards. Also, new regulations or technology standards could increase our cost of doing business. From time to time, our customers have requested greater value and functionality in our solutions. As part of our strategy to enhance our asset protection solutions and grow our business, we continue to make investments in the research and development of new technologies, inspection tools and methodologies. We believe our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to design new, competitive and broader asset protection solutions, enhance our current solutions and provide new, value-added services. Many traditional NDT and inspection services are subject to price competition by our customers. Accordingly, the need to demonstrate our value-added services is becoming more important. Developing new solutions will require continued investment, and we may experience unforeseen technological or operational challenges. In addition, our asset protection software is complex and can be expensive to develop, and new software and software enhancements can require long development and testing periods. If we are unable to develop new asset protection solutions or enhancements that meet market demands on a timely basis, we may experience a loss of customers or otherwise be likely to lose opportunities to earn revenues and to gain customers or access to markets, and our business and results of operations will be adversely affected. Even if we develop new solutions, if our customers, or potential customers, do not see the value our solutions have over competing products and services, our operating results could be adversely impacted. In addition, because the asset protection solutions industry is rapidly evolving, we could lose insight into trends that may be emerging, which would further harm our competitive position by making it difficult to predict and respond to customer needs. If the market for our asset protection solutions does not continue to develop, our ability to grow our business would be limited and we might not be able to maintain profitability. If we cannot convince our customers of the advantages and value of our advanced NDT services we could lose large contracts or suffer lower profit margin. If our software or system produces inaccurate information or are incompatible with the systems used by our customers and make us unable to successfully provide our solutions, it could lead to a loss of revenues and customers. Our software and systems are complex and, accordingly, may contain undetected errors or failures. Software or system defects or inaccurate data may cause incorrect recording, reporting or display of information related to our asset protection solutions. Any such failures, defects and inaccurate data may prevent us from successfully providing our asset protection solutions, which could result in lost revenues. Software or system defects or inaccurate data may lead to customer dissatisfaction and could cause our customers to seek to hold us liable for any damages incurred. As a result, we could lose customers, our reputation may be harmed and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. 22 Table of Contents We currently serve a commercial, industrial and governmental customer base that uses a wide variety of constantly changing hardware, software solutions and operating systems. Our asset protection solutions need to interface with these non-standard systems in order to gather and assess data. Our business depends on the following factors, among others: • • • our ability to integrate our technology with new and existing hardware and software systems; our ability to anticipate and support new standards, especially Internet-based standards; and our ability to integrate additional software modules under development with our existing technology and operational processes. If we are unable to adequately address any of these factors, our results of operations and prospects for growth and profitability would be adversely impacted. The seasonal nature of our business reduces our revenues and profitability in our first and third fiscal quarters. Our business, primarily in our Services segment, is seasonal. Our first and third fiscal quarter revenues for our Services segment are typically lower than our revenues in the second and fourth fiscal quarters because demand for our asset protection solutions from the oil and gas as well as the fossil and nuclear power industries increases during their non-peak production periods. For instance, U.S. refineries’ non-peak periods are generally in our second fiscal quarter, when they are retooling to produce more heating oil for winter, and in our fourth fiscal quarter, when they are retooling to produce more gasoline for summer. As a result of these trends, we generally have reduced cash flows in our second and fourth fiscal quarters, as collections of receivables lag behind revenues, possibly requiring us to borrow under our credit agreement. In addition, most of our operating expenses, such as employee compensation and property rental expense, are relatively fixed over the short term. Moreover, our spending levels are based in part on our expectations regarding future revenues. As a result, if revenues for a particular quarter are below expectations, we may not be able to proportionately reduce operating expenses for that quarter. We expect that the impact of seasonality will continue. Our business, and the industries we currently serve, are currently subject to governmental regulation, and may become subject to modified or new government regulation that may negatively impact our ability to market our asset protection solutions. We incur substantial costs in complying with various government regulations and licensing requirements. For example, the transportation and overnight storage of radioactive materials used in providing certain of our asset protection solutions such as radiography are subject to regulation under federal and state laws and licensing requirements. Our Services segment is currently licensed to handle radioactive materials by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and over 20 state regulatory agencies. If we allegedly fail to comply with these regulations, we may be investigated and incur significant legal expenses associated with such investigations, and if we are found to have violated these regulations, we may be fined or lose one or more of our licenses or permits, which would prevent or restrict our ability to provide radiography services. In addition, while we are investigated, we may be required to suspend work on the projects associated with our alleged noncompliance, resulting in loss of profits or customers, and damage to our reputation. Many of our customers have strict requirements concerning safety or loss time occurrences and if we are unable to meet these requirements it could result in lost revenues. In the future, federal, state, provincial or local governmental agencies may seek to change current regulations or impose additional regulations on our business. Any modified or new government regulation applicable to our current or future asset protection solutions may negatively impact the marketing and provision of those solutions and increase our costs and the price of our solutions. Additionally, greenhouse gases that result from human activities, including burning of fossil fuels, have been the focus of increased scientific and political scrutiny and are being subjected to various legal requirements. International agreements, national laws, state laws and various regulatory schemes limit or otherwise regulate emissions of greenhouse gases, and additional restrictions are under consideration by different governmental entities. We derive a significant amount of revenues and profits from such industries, including oil and gas, power generation and transmission, and chemicals processing. Such regulations could negatively impact our customers, which could negatively impact the market for the services and products we provide. This could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We rely on certification of our NDT solutions by industry standards-setting bodies. We and/or our subsidiaries currently have International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2008 certification, ISO 14001:2004 certification and OHSAS 18001:2007 certification. In addition, we currently have Nadcap (formerly National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program) and similar certifications for certain of our locations. We continually review our NDT solutions for 23 Table of Contents compliance with the requirements of industry specification standards and the Nadcap special processes quality requirements. However, if we fail to maintain our ISO, Nadcap or other certifications, our business may be harmed because our customers generally require that we have these certification before they purchase our NDT solutions. Intellectual property may impact our business and results of operations. Our ability to compete effectively depends in part upon the maintenance and protection of the intellectual property related to our asset protection solutions. Patent protection is unavailable for certain aspects of the technology and operational processes important to our business and any patent or patent applications, trademarks or copyrights held by us or to be issued to us, may not adequately protect us. Some of our trademarks that are not in use may become available to others. To date, we have relied principally on copyright, trademark and trade secrecy laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and licensing arrangements, to establish and protect our intellectual property. However, we have not obtained confidentiality agreements from all of our customers and vendors. Although we obligate all of our employees to confidentiality, we cannot be certain that these obligations will be honored or enforceable. We may require additional capital to support business growth, which might not be available. We intend to continue making investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges or opportunities, including the need to develop new, or enhance our current, asset protection solutions, enhance our operating infrastructure or acquire businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our current stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. While our current bank financing is meeting our current need, any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, no assurance can be given that adequate or acceptable financing will be available to us, in which case we may not be able to grow our business or respond to business challenges. Our credit agreement contains financial and operating restrictions that may limit our access to credit. If we fail to comply with financial or other covenants in our credit agreement, we may be required to repay indebtedness to our existing lenders, which may harm our liquidity. Our credit agreement contains financial covenants that require us to maintain compliance with specified financial ratios. If we fail to comply with these covenants, the lenders could prevent us from borrowing under our credit agreement, require us to pay all amounts outstanding, require that we cash collateralize letters of credit issued under the credit agreement and restrict us from making acquisitions. If the maturity of our indebtedness is accelerated, we then may not have sufficient funds available for repayment or the ability to borrow or obtain sufficient funds to replace the accelerated indebtedness on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Our current credit agreement also imposes restrictions on our ability to engage in certain activities, such as creating liens, making certain investments, incurring more debt, disposing of certain property, paying dividends and making distributions and entering into a new line of business. While these restrictions have not impeded our business operations to date, if our plans change, these restrictions could be burdensome or require that we pay fees to have the restrictions waived. Any real or perceived internal or external electronic security breaches in connection with the use of our asset protection solutions could harm our reputation, inhibit market acceptance of our solutions and cause us to lose customers. We and our customers use our asset protection solutions to compile and analyze sensitive or confidential customer-related information. In addition, some of our asset protection solutions allow us to remotely control and store data from equipment at commercial, institutional and industrial locations. Our asset protection solutions rely on the secure electronic transmission of proprietary data over the Internet or other networks. The occurrence or perception of security breaches in connection with our asset protection solutions or our customers’ concerns about internet security or the security of our solutions, whether warranted or not, would likely harm our reputation or business, inhibit market acceptance of our asset protection solutions and cause us to lose customers, any of which would harm our financial condition and results of operations. We may come into contact with sensitive information or data when we perform installation, maintenance or testing functions for our customers. Even the perception that we have improperly handled sensitive, confidential information would have a negative effect on our business. If, in handling this information, we fail to comply with privacy or security laws, we could incur 24 Table of Contents civil liability to government agencies, customers and individuals whose privacy is compromised. In addition, third parties may attempt to breach our security or inappropriately harm our asset protection solutions through computer viruses, electronic break-ins and other disruptions. If a breach is successful, confidential information may be improperly obtained, for which we may be subject to lawsuits and other liabilities. Risks Related to Our Common Stock Our stock price could fluctuate for numerous reasons, including variations in our results. Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and may do so in the future. Accordingly, we believe that period-to- period comparisons of our results of operations may be the best indicators of our business. You should not rely upon the results of one quarter as an indication of future performance. Our revenues and operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors in any future period. Our failure to meet these expectations may cause the market price of our common stock to decline, perhaps substantially. Our quarterly revenues and operating results may vary depending on a number of factors, including those listed previously under “Risks Related to Our Business.” In addition, the price of our common stock is subject to general economic, market, industry, and competitive conditions, the risk factors discussed below and numerous other conditions outside of our control. A significant stockholder controls the direction of our business. The concentrated ownership of our common stock may prevent other stockholders from influencing significant corporate decisions. Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, owns approximately 43% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, Dr. Vahaviolos effectively controls our Company and has the ability to exert substantial influence over all matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including the election and removal of directors, amendments to our certificate of incorporation, and any proposed merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and other corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership could be disadvantageous to other shareholders with differing interests from Dr. Vahaviolos. We currently have no plans to pay dividends on our common stock. We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. To the extent we do not pay dividends on our common stock, investors must look solely to stock appreciation for a return on their investment. Shares eligible for future sale may cause the market price for our common stock to decline even if our business is doing well. Future sales by us or by our existing shareholders of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. This could also impair our ability to raise additional capital in the future through the sale of our equity securities. Under our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we are authorized to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, of which approximately 28,955,000 shares of common stock were outstanding as of August 5, 2016. In addition, we have approximately 3,118,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance related to stock options and restricted stock units that were outstanding as of August 5, 2016. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future sales and issuances of shares of our common stock, or the perception of such sales or issuances, would have on the market price of our common stock. Provisions of our charter, bylaws and of Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Certain provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition, or other change of control that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions also could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock. Stockholders who wish to participate in these transactions may not have the opportunity to do so. Furthermore, these provisions could prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management. These provisions: • allow the authorized number of directors to be changed only by resolution of our board of directors; 25 Table of Contents • • • • • require that vacancies on the board of directors, including newly created directorships, be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office; authorize our board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock that, if issued, could operate as a “poison pill” to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer to prevent an acquisition that is not approved by our board of directors; require that stockholder actions must be effected at a duly called stockholder meeting by prohibiting stockholder action by written consent; prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors, which may otherwise allow holders of less than a majority of stock to elect some directors; and establish advance notice requirements for stockholder nominations to our board of directors or for stockholder proposals that can be acted on at stockholder meetings and limit the right to call special meetings of stockholders to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the board of directors acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of directors or the Secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than 35% of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may, unless certain criteria are met, prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a prescribed period of time. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES As of May 31, 2016, we operated approximately 120 offices in 14 countries, with our corporate headquarters located in Princeton Junction, New Jersey. Our headquarters in Princeton Junction is our primary location, where most of our manufacturing and research and development is conducted. While we lease most of our facilities, as of May 31, 2016, we owned properties located in Monroe, North Carolina; Trainer, Pennsylvania; LaPorte, Texas; Burlington, Washington; Gillette, Wyoming; and Jonquiere, Quebec. Our Services segment, utilizes approximately 80 offices throughout North America (including Canada). Our Products and Systems segment’s primary location is in our Princeton Junction, NJ facility. Our International segment has approximately 40 offices including locations in Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Greece, India, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. We believe that all of our facilities are well maintained and are suitable and adequate for our current needs. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are subject to periodic legal proceedings, investigations and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. See “Litigation” in Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies to our audited consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this report for a description of legal proceedings involving us and our business, which is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES None. ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market for Common Stock Our common stock currently trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol “MG”. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the range of high and low sales prices of our common stock. 26 Table of Contents Quarter ended August 31, Quarter ended November 30, Quarter ended February 28, Quarter ended May 31, Holders of Record Year ended May 31, 2016 High Low Year ended May 31, 2015 High Low $ $ $ $ 20.14 21.53 22.59 26.00 $ $ $ $ 13.88 12.79 18.42 22.02 $ $ $ $ 25.04 21.55 21.50 19.34 $ $ $ $ 20.70 15.98 15.87 17.50 As of August 5, 2016, there were 9 holders of record of our Common Stock. The number of record holders was determined from the records of our transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies. The transfer agent of our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219. Dividends No cash dividends have been paid on our Common Stock to date. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business and do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Purchases of Equity Securities The following sets forth the shares of our common stock we acquired during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 pursuant to the surrender of shares by employees to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units. Month Ending April 30, 2016 Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased 856 Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) 25.37 $ 27 Table of Contents ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following table presents selected financial data for each of the last five fiscal years. This selected financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in Item 8 in this Annual Report. Statement of Income Data Revenues Gross profit Income from operations For the year ended May 31, 2016 (1) 2015 (1) 2014 (1) 2013 (2) 2012 (3) ($ in thousands, except share and per share data) $ 719,181 $ 711,252 $ 623,447 $ 529,282 $ 436,875 203,008 43,177 184,733 30,353 172,943 38,295 148,371 27,554 129,690 36,098 21,353 Net income attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. $ 24,654 $ 16,081 $ 22,518 $ 11,646 $ Per Share Information: Weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted Earnings per common share: Basic Diluted Balance Sheet Data Cash and cash equivalents Total assets Total long-term debt and obligations under capital leases, including current portion 28,856 29,891 28,613 29,590 28,365 29,324 28,141 29,106 27,839 28,685 $ $ 0.85 0.82 $ $ 0.56 0.54 $ $ 0.79 0.77 $ $ 0.41 0.40 $ $ 0.77 0.74 $ 21,188 $ 10,555 $ 10,020 $ 7,802 $ 8,410 482,675 471,727 443,972 377,997 329,816 104,776 132,822 97,563 77,956 59,274 Total Mistras Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity $ 276,163 $ 244,819 $ 242,104 $ 210,053 $ 193,012 Cash Flow Data: Net cash provided by operating activities $ 68,124 $ 49,840 $ 36,873 $ 43,503 $ 31,402 Net cash used in investing activities (16,752) (49,651) (38,005) (45,479) (37,512) Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (40,378) 2,066 3,262 1,144 2,009 1 - Includes pre-tax charges (benefits) of $6.0 million in fiscal 2016, $0.1 million in fiscal 2015 and $(2.4) million in fiscal 2014 relating to special items. Net income was (decreased) increased by these items, net of taxes, by ($3.2) million in fiscal 2016, $1.0 million in fiscal 2015 and $2.4 million in fiscal 2014, respectively. The (decrease) increase of these items on diluted earnings per share were ($0.11) in fiscal 2016, $0.03 in fiscal 2015 and $0.08 in fiscal 2014, respectively. 2 - Includes pre-tax charges of $7.8 million relating to: goodwill impairment charge of $9.9 million and acquisition related benefit of ($2.1 million). The impact of these items, net of taxes, on net income and diluted earnings per share was ($8.3) million and ($0.29), respectively. 3 - Includes pre-tax charges of $1.3 million relating to: acquisition related expense of $2.0 million and gain on extinguishment of long-term debt of ($0.7 million). The impact of these items, net of taxes, on net income and diluted earnings per share was ($0.8) million and ($0.03), respectively. 28 Table of Contents ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) provides a narrative of our results of operations for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and our financial position as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The MD&A should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In this annual report, our fiscal years, which end on May 31, are identified according to the calendar year in which they end (e.g., the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 is referred to as “fiscal 2016”), and unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, “Mistras,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Mistras Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The MD&A includes the following sections: Forward-Looking Statements • • Overview • Consolidated Results of Operations • Segment Results of Operations • Liquidity and Capital Resources • Critical Accounting Estimates • Recent Accounting Pronouncements Forward-Looking Statements This report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingency, goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of Item 1 of this Report. Overview We offer our customers “one source for asset protection solutions”® and are a leading global provider of technology-enabled asset protection solutions used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. We combine industry-leading products and technologies, expertise in mechanical integrity (MI), Non- Destructive Testing (NDT), Destructive Testing (DT) and predictive maintenance (PdM) services, process and fixed asset engineering and consulting services, proprietary data analysis and our world class enterprise inspection database management and analysis software, PCMS, to deliver a comprehensive portfolio of customized solutions, ranging from routine inspections to complex, plant-wide asset integrity management and assessments. These mission critical solutions enhance our customers’ ability to comply with governmental safety and environmental regulations, extend the useful life of their assets, increase productivity, minimize repair costs, manage risk and avoid catastrophic disasters. Our operations consist of three reportable segments: Services, International and Products and Systems. • • Services provides asset protection solutions predominantly in North America with the largest concentration in the United States along with a growing Canadian services business, consisting primarily of NDT, inspection and engineering services that are used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. International offers services, products and systems similar to those of the other segments to global markets, in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and South America, but not to customers in China and South Korea, which are served by the Products and Systems segment. • Products and Systems designs, manufactures, sells, installs and services the Company’s asset protection products and systems, including equipment and instrumentation, predominantly in the United States. Given the role our solutions play in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of infrastructure, we have historically provided a majority of our services to our customers on a regular, recurring basis. We serve a global customer base of companies with asset-intensive infrastructure, including companies in the oil and gas (downstream, midstream, upstream and petrochemical), power generation (natural gas, fossil, nuclear, alternative, renewable, and transmission and distribution), public infrastructure, chemicals, commercial aerospace and defense, transportation, primary metals and metalworking, pharmaceutical/biotechnology and food processing industries and research and engineering institutions. As of May 31, 2016, we had approximately 5,700 29 Table of Contents employees in approximately 120 offices across 14 countries. We have established long-term relationships as a critical solutions provider to many of the leading companies in our target markets. For the last several years, we have focused on introducing our advanced asset protection solutions to our customers using proprietary, technology-enabled software and testing instruments, including those developed by our Products and Systems segment. During this period, the demand for outsourced asset protection solutions, in general, has increased, creating demand from which our entire industry has benefited. We believe continued growth can be realized in all of our target markets. Concurrent with this growth, we are working on building our infrastructure to profitably absorb additional growth and have made a number of acquisitions in an effort to leverage our fixed costs, grow our base of experienced, certified personnel, expand our product and technical capabilities and increase our geographical reach. We have increased our capabilities and the size of our customer base through the development of applied technologies and managed support services, organic growth and the integration of acquired companies. These acquisitions have provided us with additional products, technologies, resources and customers that we believe will enhance our advantages over our competition. Global financial markets continue to experience uncertainty, including tight liquidity and credit availability, relatively low consumer confidence, slow economic growth, fluctuating oil prices and volatile currency exchange rates. However, we believe these conditions have allowed us to selectively hire new talented individuals that otherwise might not have been available to us, and to make acquisitions of complementary businesses at reasonable valuations. Consolidated Results of Operations The following table summarizes our consolidated statements of operations for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014: Revenues Gross profit Gross profit as a % of Revenue Total operating expenses Operating expenses as a % of Revenue Income from operations Income from operations as a % of Revenue Interest expense Income before provision for income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 ($ in thousands) $ 719,181 $ 711,252 $ 623,447 203,008 184,733 172,943 28% 26% 28% 159,831 154,380 134,648 22% 22% 22% 43,177 30,353 38,295 6% 4% 6% 4,762 38,415 13,765 24,650 (4) 24,654 $ 4,622 25,731 9,740 15,991 (90) 16,081 3,192 35,103 12,528 22,575 57 $ 22,518 Less: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of taxes Net income attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. $ The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP metric, to measure its consolidated operating performance and assist in comparing performance from period to period on a consistent basis. A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income is provided below for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: 30 Table of Contents Net income attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. Interest expense Provision for income taxes Depreciation and amortization Share-based compensation expense Acquisition-related expense, net Charges related to sale of foreign operations Severance costs Foreign exchange (gains) losses Asset write-offs and lease terminations Legal settlement Adjusted EBITDA Note about Non-GAAP Measures For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 24,654 4,762 13,765 32,474 6,514 (1,453) — 1,107 (59) — 6,320 88,084 ($ in thousands) 16,081 $ 4,622 9,740 33,286 6,579 (5,167) 2,516 1,723 1,474 1,029 — 71,883 $ $ $ $ $ 22,518 3,192 12,528 28,429 6,261 (2,657) — 306 101 — — 70,678 Adjusted EBITDA is a performance measure used by management that is not calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Adjusted EBITDA is defined in this Report as net income attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. plus: interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, and certain acquisition-related costs (including transaction due diligence costs and adjustments to the fair value of contingent consideration), foreign exchange (gain) loss and, if applicable, certain special items which are noted. Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a measure for planning and forecasting overall expectations and for evaluating actual results against such expectations. Adjusted EBITDA is also used as a performance evaluation metric for certain of our executive and employee incentive compensation programs. Later in this MD&A under the heading "Income for Operations", the non-GAAP financial performance measure "Income before special items" is used for each of our three segments and the "Total Company", with tables reconciling the measure to a financial measure under GAAP. This non-GAAP measure excludes from the GAAP measure "Income from Operations" (a) transaction expenses related to acquisitions, such as professional fees and due diligence costs (b) the net changes in the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities and (c) nonrecurring items. These items have been excluded from the GAAP measure because these expenses and credits are not related to the Company’s or Segment’s core business operations. The acquisition related costs and special items can be a net expense or credit in any given period. In the MD&A section "Liquidity and Capital Resources", we use the term "free cash flow", a non-GAAP measurement. We define free cash flow as cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures (which are purchases of property, plant and equipment and of intangible assets and classified as an investing activity). Free cash flow, which does not represent residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures since items such as debt repayments are not deducted in determining such measures, for fiscal 2016 was $51.9 million, consisting of $68.1 million of operating cash flow less $16.2 million of capital expenditures. For fiscal 2015, free cash flow was $33.9 million consisting of $49.8 million of operating cash flow less $16.0 million of capital expenditures. We believe investors and other users of our financial statements benefit from the presentation Adjusted EBITDA and "Income before special items” for each of our three segments and the "Total Company", and free cash flow in evaluating our operating performance because they provide additional tools to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis and measure underlying trends and results in our business. Adjusted EBITDA removes the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations. For instance, Adjusted EBITDA generally excludes interest expense, taxes and depreciation and amortization, each of which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and the book value and age of assets, capital structure, capital investment cycles and the method by which assets were acquired. It also eliminates share-based compensation, which is a non-cash expense and is excluded by management when evaluating the underlying performance of our business operations. Similarly, we believe that "Income before special items” for each of our three segments and the "Total Company", provides investors with useful information and more meaningful period over period comparisons by identifying and excluding acquisition-related costs and special items so that the performance of the core business operations can be identified and compared. 31 Table of Contents While Adjusted EBITDA is a term and financial measurement commonly used by investors and securities analysts, it has limitations. As a non-GAAP measurement, Adjusted EBITDA has no standard meaning and, therefore, may not be comparable with similar measurements for other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is generally limited as an analytical tool because it excludes charges and expenses we do incur as part of our operations. For example, Adjusted EBITDA excludes income taxes, but we generally incur significant U.S. federal, state and foreign income taxes each year and the provision for income taxes is a necessary cost. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, acquisitions are a part of our growth strategy, and therefore acquisition-related items are a necessary cost of the Company’s business. "Income before special items” for each of our three segments and for the consolidated company and “free cash flow” are not metrics used to determine incentive compensation for executives or employees. Revenues Revenues by segment for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Revenues Services International Products and Systems Corporate and eliminations Fiscal 2016 For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 ($ in thousands) $ $ 553,279 143,025 30,293 (7,416) 719,181 $ $ 540,224 146,953 31,255 (7,180) 711,252 $ $ 443,229 161,395 33,544 (14,721) 623,447 Revenue was $719.2 million in fiscal 2016, an increase of $7.9 million or 1% compared with fiscal 2015, driven by Services segment growth of $13.1 million or 2%, offset by declines in International revenues of $3.9 million or 3%, and the Products & Systems segment of $1.0 million or 3%. The Services segment increase was driven by low single digit organic growth, plus a lesser amount of acquisition-driven growth, offset in part by low single digit unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates. The decline in International Segment revenues was driven by a combination of high single digit organic growth that was more than offset by the low double digit unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates. Products and Systems segment revenues declined due to lower sales volume. Management believes that inspection industry revenues declined during fiscal 2016, as evidenced by several of the Company's competitors who reported revenue declines that have been driven by customers spending less on inspection due to pressures stemming from low commodities prices. Despite these difficult market conditions, the Company had modest growth in fiscal 2016, as noted above, driven by market share gains in both the Services and International segments. Revenues from oil and gas customers comprised 56% and 52% of revenues in fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. Revenues from oil and gas customers grew by 9% in fiscal 2016. Our top ten customers represented approximately 36% of our fiscal 2016 revenues compared with 33% in fiscal 2015. One customer accounted for 10% of fiscal 2016 revenues. Fiscal 2015 Revenue was $711.3 million in fiscal 2015, an increase of $88 million or 14% compared with fiscal 2014, driven by Services segment growth of $97 million or 22%, that was offset in part by International revenues that declined by $14 million or 9%, and Products and Systems segment revenues that declined by $2 million or 7%. The Services segment increase was driven by a combination of mid-teens acquisition growth and mid-single digit organic revenue growth. The decline in International segment revenues was driven by a combination of unfavorable foreign exchange rates of approximately 7%, modest acquisition growth and a mid-single digit organic decline. Products and Systems segment revenues declined approximately 7% due to lower sales volume. Robust North American market conditions combined with the Company’s market share gains and acquisitions led Services revenue to grow by 38% over prior year during the first half of fiscal 2015. However, a combination of the 50% drop in the 32 Table of Contents price of oil and labor union strikes at various customer sites caused market conditions to slow dramatically in the second half of fiscal year 2015, reducing the Services second half year-over-year revenue growth rate to 8%. Revenues from oil and gas customers comprised 52% and 49% of revenues in fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively. Revenues from oil and gas customers grew by 22% in fiscal 2015, led by organic gains and from an acquisition. Fiscal 2015 revenue growth from customers in other industries, including industrial, process industries which include chemical and pharmaceutical, power generation and infrastructure grew by 6% over prior year. Our top ten customers represented approximately 33% of fiscal 2015 revenues compared with 38% in fiscal 2014. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of fiscal 2015 revenues. Gross Profit. Gross profit by segment for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 was as follows: Gross profit Services % of segment revenue International % of segment revenue Products and Systems % of segment revenue Corporate and eliminations % of total revenue Fiscal 2016 For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 ($ in thousands) $ 145,262 $ 135,201 $ 114,182 26.3% 43,613 30.5% 14,022 46.3% 111 203,008 28.2% $ 25.0% 34,572 23.5% 14,314 45.8% 646 184,733 26.0% $ 25.8% 44,893 27.8% 14,495 43.2% (627) 172,943 27.7% $ Gross profit increased $18.3 million, or 10% in fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin improved by 220 basis points compared with the prior year to 28.2% in fiscal 2016, reversing a four year trend of declining gross profit margins. The 2016 increase of 220 basis points in gross profit margin was primarily attributable to the International and Services segments. International segment gross margins increased to 30.5% in fiscal 2016 compared with 23.5% in the prior year, driven by improvement in each of our four largest countries, organic revenue growth, prior year management changes and staffing actions that improved technical labor utilization, as well as improvements in sales mix and overhead costs. Services segment gross profit margin improved by approximately 130 basis points compared with fiscal 2015, due primarily to improvements in contract profitability and technician labor utilization. Products and Systems segment gross profit margin improved to 46.3% compared to 45.8% in the prior year driven by cost reductions. Fiscal 2015 Gross profit increased $11.8 million, or 7% in fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin declined to 26.0% in fiscal 2015 from 27.7% in fiscal 2014. The 2015 decrease of 170 basis points in gross profit margin was primarily attributable to the International and Services segments. International segment gross margins decreased to 23.5% in fiscal 2015 compared with 27.8% in the prior year, due primarily to lower levels of project sales and product sales and lower levels of technical labor utilization. Services segment gross profit margin declined by approximately 80 basis points in fiscal 2015, due primarily to wage increases that exceeded price increases earlier in the Company’s fiscal year and the adverse impact from labor union strikes at various customer sites. Products and Systems segment gross margin improved to 45.8% compared to 43.2% in the prior year driven by a more favorable sales mix which included fewer heavily customized solutions. 33 Table of Contents Income from Operations. The following table shows a reconciliation of the segment income before special items to income from operations for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014: Services: Income from operations (GAAP) $ 52,552 $ 49,142 $ 43,221 For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 ($ in thousands) Legal settlement Severance costs Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net Income before special items (non-GAAP) International: 6,320 188 (1,061) 57,999 — — (639) 48,503 Income (loss) from operations (GAAP) $ 9,293 $ Severance costs Asset write-offs and lease terminations Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net Income (loss) before special items (non-GAAP) 885 — (520) 9,658 (575) $ 1,082 872 (2,926) (1,547) — — 1,625 44,846 10,238 306 — (3,452) 7,092 2,552 — — (1,035) 1,517 $ 2,688 $ 2,461 $ 34 — — 2,722 99 157 — 2,717 $ $ $ $ (21,356) $ — (20,675) $ 542 — 128 (21,228) 2,516 (1,602) (19,219) (17,716) — — 205 (17,511) 43,177 5,974 49,151 $ $ $ 30,353 101 30,454 $ $ $ 38,295 (2,351) 35,944 Products and Systems: Income from operations (GAAP) Severance costs Asset write-offs and lease terminations Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net Income before special items (non-GAAP) Corporate and Eliminations: Loss from operations (GAAP) Severance costs Charges related to sale of foreign operations Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net Loss before special items (non-GAAP) Total Company Income from operations (GAAP) Special items Income before special items (non-GAAP) Fiscal 2016 Income from operations (GAAP) was $43.2 million for fiscal 2016, an increase of $12.8 million, or 42% compared to fiscal 2015 and income before special items (non-GAAP), exclusive of acquisition-related items and nonrecurring items, was $49.2 million for fiscal 2016, an increase of $18.7 million or 61% compared with fiscal 2015. As a percentage of revenues, income before special items improved by 250 basis points to 6.8% in fiscal 2016 from 4.3% in fiscal 2015. Total operating expenses increased by $5 million, or 4% in fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015, driven by a $6.3 million legal settlement accrual, offset by a $1.3 million, or 1% decline in recurring expenses. The recurring expense decrease was driven by the International segment, which decreased $2.9 million, primarily due to the impact of foreign exchange rates. Offsetting the 34 Table of Contents International decreases were increases of $1.5 million from the Corporate segment, primarily due to legal and bonus expense. The Services and Products and Systems segments were flat from fiscal 2015 to fiscal 2016. Fiscal 2015 Income from operations (GAAP) was $30.4 million for fiscal 2015, a $7.9 million decrease compared to fiscal 2014 and income before special items (non-GAAP) was $30.5 million for fiscal 2015, a $5.5 million decrease compared to fiscal 2014. As a percentage of revenues, income before special items dropped to 4.3% in fiscal 2015 from 5.8% in fiscal 2014. Total operating expenses increased $19.7 million, or 15% in fiscal 2015 vs. fiscal 2014, driven by $18.3 million or 13% increase in recurring expense and a $1.4 million increase in special items, primarily from acquisition related expenses. The recurring expense increase was driven by the Services segment, which incurred a year-on-year operating expense increase of $17.4 million or 25%. Operating expenses incurred by acquired companies accounted for $11.6 million of this increase, and increased compensation and benefits to support growth comprised most of the remaining increase. Corporate operating expenses increased by $3.0 million or 18%, due primarily to increased headcount, insurance cost and foreign exchange losses. Products and Systems segment year-on-year operating expenses decreased $1.2 million, primarily due to headcount reductions, while International segment operating expenses decreased by $0.8 million, as incremental operating expenses of acquired companies was more than offset by the impact of foreign exchange rates. Interest Expense Interest expense was $4.8 million in fiscal 2016, $4.6 million in fiscal 2015 and $3.2 million in fiscal 2014. The increase in fiscal 2015 was primarily related to an increase in average borrowings compared to fiscal 2014. Income Taxes Our effective income tax rate was 36% for fiscal 2016 compared to 38% for fiscal 2015. The lower effective tax rate was driven by discrete items, including favorability from reserves pertaining to uncertain tax positions and the absence of increases in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets in 2016. Our effective income tax rate was 38% for fiscal 2015 compared to 36% for fiscal 2014. The increase was primarily due to a lower amount of foreign income in fiscal 2015 which is taxed at lower rates and an increase in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, offset by the impact of acquisition contingent consideration. Income tax expense varies as a function of pre-tax income and the level of non-deductible expenses, such as certain amounts of meals and entertainment expense, valuation allowances, and other permanent differences. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but are not consistent from year to year. Our effective income tax rate may fluctuate over the next few years due to many variables including the amount and future geographic distribution of our pre-tax income, changes resulting from our acquisition strategy, and increases or decreases in our permanent differences. Segment Results of Operations Services Segment Selected financial information for the Services segment was as follows for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014: 35 Table of Contents Services segment Revenues Gross profit % of segment revenue Operating Expenses Income from operations % of segment revenue Income before special charges (non-GAAP) % of segment revenue Depreciation and amortization Revenues For the years ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 ($ in thousands) $ $ $ $ $ $ 553,279 145,262 26% 92,710 52,552 9% $ $ $ $ 540,224 135,201 25% 86,059 49,142 9% $ $ $ $ 443,229 114,182 26% 70,961 43,221 10% 57,999 $ 48,503 $ 44,846 10% 9% 10% 22,725 $ 22,268 $ 17,794 In fiscal 2016, Services revenues increased $13.1 million, or 2% compared with fiscal 2015. This increase was driven by low single digit organic revenue growth, and to a lesser extent, acquisition-driven growth, offset in part by a low single digit unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates. Management believes that inspection industry revenues declined during fiscal 2016, driven by customers spending less due to pressures stemming from low commodities prices. Despite these difficult market conditions, the Services segment experienced positive organic growth in fiscal 2016, driven by market share gains. Oil and gas customers accounted for approximately 67% and 64% of Services segment revenues in fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively. Services' top ten customers accounted for approximately 44% and 42% of Services segment revenues during fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. Revenues from Services' largest customer represented approximately 13% of segment revenues in fiscal 2016 and 12% in fiscal 2015. In fiscal 2015, Services revenues increased $97.0 million, or 22% compared with fiscal 2014. The increase was driven by mid- teens acquisition growth and mid-single digit organic growth. Strong market conditions combined with Services' market share gains and acquisitions drove 38% growth in first half revenues. However, the sudden 50% drop in oil prices combined with labor union refinery strikes caused market conditions to slow dramatically in the second half of the fiscal year, reducing Services' second half revenue growth rate to 8% over prior year. Gross Profit Services segment gross profit margin was 26.3% and 25.0% in fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively. The 130 basis point increase in Services segment gross profit margin was primarily due to improvements in contract profitability and technician labor utilization. Our Services segment gross profit margin was 25.0% and 25.8% in fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014, respectively. The 80 basis point decrease in Services segment gross profit margin was due primarily to wage increases that exceeded price increases earlier in the Company’s fiscal year, as well as market conditions that deteriorated in the second half of fiscal 2015. Income from Operations Services segment income from operations (GAAP) improved by $3.4 million, or 7% to $52.6 million and income before special items (non-GAAP) improved by $9.5 million, or 20% to $58.0 million in fiscal 2016. Services operating profit margin before special items improved by 150 basis points to 10.5% in fiscal 2016, driven primarily by the 130 basis point improvement in gross profit margin for the segment. 36 Table of Contents In fiscal 2016, Services segment operating expenses rose by $6.7 million, or 8%, due primarily to a $6.3 million settlement of a class action lawsuit involving labor claims. (See Note 18 of our audited consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this report for details of this case). Services' operating expenses exclusive of the legal settlement costs were nearly flat with prior year. Services segment income from operations (GAAP) improved by $5.9 million, or 14% to $49.1 million and income before special items (non-GAAP) improved by $3.7 million or 8%, to $48.5 million in fiscal 2015. Services' operating profit margin before special items declined by 110 basis points to 9.0% in fiscal 2015, driven primarily by the 80 basis point reduction in gross profit margin for the segment. In fiscal 2015, Services segment operating expenses rose by $15 million, or 21%, Operating expenses incurred by acquired companies accounted for $10.8 million of this increase and increased compensation and benefits to support growth comprised most of the remaining increase, offset by acquisition-related benefit. International Segment Selected financial information for our International segment was as follows for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014: International segment Revenues Gross profit as % of segment revenue Operating Expenses Income (loss) from operations as % of segment revenue Income (loss) before special charges (non-GAAP) as % of segment revenue Depreciation and amortization Revenues For the years ended May 31, 2016 2015 ($ in thousands) 2014 143,025 146,953 161,395 43,613 34,572 30% 24 % 44,893 28% 34,320 9,293 6% $ $ 35,147 $ 34,655 (575) — % 10,238 6% 9,658 $ (1,547) $ 7,092 7% (1)% 4% 7,774 $ 8,451 $ 8,065 $ $ $ $ $ $ International segment revenues declined by $3.9 million, or 3% during fiscal 2016, driven by a combination of high single digit organic growth that was more than offset by the low double digit unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates. Each of the Company’s four largest international subsidiaries experienced positive organic growth during fiscal 2016. Industries with the largest revenue concentrations in fiscal 2016 were aerospace and defense (39%), oil and gas (21%) and industrials (15%). International segment revenues declined by $14.4 million, or 9% during fiscal 2015 driven by a combination of unfavorable foreign exchange rates of approximately 7%, modest acquisition growth and a mid-single digit organic decline. Industries with the largest revenue concentrations in fiscal 2015 were aerospace and defense (41%), oil and gas (17%) and industrials (15%). Gross Profit International segment gross profit for fiscal 2016 increased by $9.0 million or 26% and comprised 30.5% of revenues. The International gross profit margin improved by 700 basis points in fiscal 2016, as improvement in each of the Company's four largest country locations were driven by organic revenue growth, prior year management changes and staffing actions that improved technical labor utilization, improvements in sales mix and reduced overhead costs. 37 Table of Contents International segment gross profit for fiscal 2015 decreased by $10.3 million or 23% and comprised 23.5% of revenues. International gross profit margin fell by 430 basis points in 2015, due primarily to lower levels of project and product sales and lower levels of technician labor utilization. Income (loss) from Operations International segment income from operations (GAAP) was $9.3 million in fiscal 2016, compared to a loss from operations of $0.6 million in fiscal 2015. International segment income before special items (non-GAAP) was $9.7 million, compared to loss before special items of $1.5 million in fiscal 2015. As a percentage of revenues, the income before special charges was approximately 7% in fiscal 2016, compared with (1)% in fiscal 2015. Segment operating expenses, exclusive of acquisition-related items and special items, declined by $2.9 million, or 8% during fiscal 2016, driven by the impact of lower foreign exchange rates, costs reductions and reduced foreign exchange losses. Recurring operating expenses were 24% and 25%, of segment revenues in fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. International segment loss from operations (GAAP) was $0.6 million in fiscal 2015, compared to income from operations of $10.2 million in fiscal 2014. International segment loss before special items (non-GAAP) was $1.5 million in fiscal 2015 compared to income before special items of $7.1 million in fiscal 2014. As a percentage of revenues, the loss before special charges was approximately (1)% in fiscal 2015 compared with 4% in fiscal 2014. Segment operating expenses, exclusive of acquisition-related items and special items, decreased by $0.8 million from fiscal 2014 to fiscal 2015, as incremental operating expenses of acquired companies was more than offset by the impact of foreign exchange rates. Products and Systems Segment Selected financial information for the Products and Systems segment was as follows for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014: Products and Systems segment Revenues Gross profit % of segment revenue Operating Expenses Income from operations % of segment revenue Income before special charges (non-GAAP) % of segment revenue Depreciation and amortization Revenues For the years ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 ($ in thousands) $ $ $ $ $ $ 30,293 14,022 46% 11,334 2,688 9% $ $ $ $ 31,255 14,314 46% 11,853 2,461 8% $ $ $ $ 33,544 14,495 43% 11,943 2,552 8% 2,722 $ 2,717 $ 1,517 9% 9% 5% 2,323 $ 2,426 $ 2,373 Products and Systems segment revenues for fiscal 2016 decreased $1.0 million or 3% compared to fiscal 2015 and by $2.3 million or 7% compared to fiscal 2014. The revenue declines were due to lower sales volume. Gross Profit 38 Table of Contents Products and Systems segment gross profit margin was 46.3% in fiscal 2016, which represented a 50 basis point improvement over fiscal 2015, and a 310 basis point improvement over fiscal 2014. Because of these gross profit margin improvements, gross profits generated by this segment were consistent from fiscal 2014 to fiscal 2016 despite the sales declines. The gross profit margin improvements were driven in both years by a more favorable sales mix which included fewer heavily customized solutions. Income from Operations Products and Systems segment income from operations (GAAP) improved by $0.2 million in fiscal 2016 and decreased by $0.1 million in fiscal 2015. Income before special charges (non-GAAP) improved by over $1.2 million in fiscal 2015 and was flat in fiscal 2016 despite the sales declines experienced. Fiscal 2016 operating profit margins before special charges of 9.0% represented improvements of 30 basis points over fiscal 2015 and of 450 basis points over fiscal 2014. Drivers to these improvements included the improvements in gross profit margin, coupled with operating expense reductions of $1.2 million in fiscal 2015 compared with fiscal 2014, and a further $0.4 million in fiscal 2016 as compared with fiscal 2015. The reductions in operating expenses were driven by lower headcounts in both years. Corporate and Eliminations The elimination of revenues and cost of revenues products sales by the Products and Systems segment to the International and Services segments is captured in this segment, as well as operating expenses that have not been allocated to other segments. These costs primarily include the costs of corporate support functions, such as finance, legal, human resources and certain other costs. As a percentage of our total revenues, these costs have generally remained consistent over the last three fiscal years, consisting of approximately 3% of total revenues for each of the fiscal years ended 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview The Company has funded its operations from cash provided from operations, bank borrowings and capital lease financings. Management believes that the Company's existing cash and cash equivalents, anticipated cash flows from operating activities, and available borrowings under our credit agreement will be more than sufficient to meet anticipated cash needs over the next 12 months. The Company generated free cash flow, (a non-GAAP measurement defined as operating cash flow reduced by capital expenditures) of $51.9 million in fiscal 2016, compared with $33.9 million in fiscal 2015 and $19.3 million in fiscal 2014. Capital expenditures include both the purchase of property, plant and equipment and of intangible assets. Cash Flows Table The following table summarizes our cash flows for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014: Fiscal year ($ in thousands) Net cash provided by (used in): Operating Activities Investing Activities Financing Activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash Flows from Operating Activities 2016 2015 2014 $ $ 68,124 (16,752) (40,378) (361) 10,633 $ $ 49,840 (49,651) 2,066 (1,720) 535 $ $ 36,873 (38,005) 3,262 88 2,218 Cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2016 improved by $18 million or 37% over the prior fiscal year. This improvement was primarily driven by the Company's $16 million improvement in net income, as adjusted for working capital items and certain non-cash items, most notably the $6 million legal settlement, as well as from reducing Days Sales Outstanding by 2 days. 39 Table of Contents Cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2015 improved by $13 million or 35% over the prior fiscal year. The improvement was primarily attributable to the timing of working capital inflows and outflows, namely a $28 million improvement in the timing of collections of accounts receivable, offset in part by incremental net outflows of $15 million related to the timing of payments relating to accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities was $16.8 million in fiscal 2016, principally due to $16.2 million purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. Net cash used in investing activities was $49.7 million in fiscal 2015, principally due to acquisitions totaling $34.7 million, net of cash acquired and purchases of property, plant and equipment of $16.0 million. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2016 was $40 million, as compared with cash provided by financing activities of $2 million in fiscal 2015. Net cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2016 consisted primarily of net repayments of debt totaling $36 million. Net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2015 was $2 million, compared to $3 million in fiscal 2014. Effect of Exchange Rate on Changes in Cash For fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, exchange rate changes (decreased) increased cash by $(0.4) million, $(1.7) million and $0.1 million, respectively. Cash Balance and Credit Facility Borrowings As of May 31, 2016, the Company had cash and cash equivalents totaling $21.2 million and available borrowing capacity of up to $101.2 million under its credit agreement (as defined below). Borrowings of $69.0 million and letters of credit of $4.8 million were outstanding under the credit agreement at May 31, 2016. We finance our operations primarily through our existing cash balances, cash collected from operations, bank borrowings and capital lease financing. We believe these sources are sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. On October 31, 2014, the Company entered into a Third Amendment and Modification Agreement (the “Amendment”), to our revolving line of credit, the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”), dated December 21, 2011, with its lending group. The Amendment increased the Company's revolving line of credit from $125.0 million to $175.0 million and provides that under certain circumstances the line of credit can be increased to $225.0 million. The Company may continue to borrow up to $30.0 million in non-U.S. Dollar currencies and use up to $10.0 million of the credit limit for the issuance of letters of credit. The Amendment also extended the original maturity date of the Credit Agreement from December 20, 2016 to October 30, 2019. Loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest at LIBOR plus an applicable LIBOR margin ranging from 1% to 1.75%, or a base rate less a margin of 1.25% to 0.375%, at our option, based upon our Funded Debt Leverage Ratio. Funded Debt Leverage Ratio is generally the ratio of (1) all outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money and other interest-bearing indebtedness as of the date of determination to (2) EBITDA (which is (a) net income, less (b) income (or plus loss) from discontinued operations and extraordinary items, plus (c) income tax expenses, plus (d) interest expense, plus (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization (including non-cash loss on retirement of assets), plus (f) stock compensation expense, less (g) cash expense related to stock compensation, plus or minus certain other adjustments) for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters immediately preceding the date of determination. We have the benefit of the lowest margin if our Funded Debt Leverage Ratio is equal to or less than 0.5 to 1, and the margin increases as the ratio increases, to the maximum margin if the ratio is greater than 2.0 to 1. We will also bear additional costs for market disruption, regulatory changes effecting the lenders’ funding costs, and default pricing of an additional 2% interest rate margin on any amounts not paid when due. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement are secured by liens on substantially all of our assets. 40 Table of Contents The Credit Agreement contains financial covenants requiring that we maintain a Funded Debt Leverage Ratio of no greater than 3.25 to 1 and an Interest Coverage Ratio of at least 3.0 to 1. Interest Coverage Ratio means the ratio, as of any date of determination, of (a) EBITDA for the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of determination, to (b) all interest, premium payments, debt discount, fees, charges and related expenses of us and our subsidiaries in connection with borrowed money (including capitalized interest) or in connection with the deferred purchase price of assets, in each case to the extent treated as interest in accordance with GAAP, paid during the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of determination. The Credit Agreement also limits our ability to, among other things, create liens, make investments, incur more indebtedness, merge or consolidate, make dispositions of property, pay dividends and make distributions to stockholders, enter into a new line of business, enter into transactions with affiliates and enter into burdensome agreements. The Credit Agreement does not limit our ability to acquire other businesses or companies except that the acquired business or company must be in our line of business, we must be in compliance with the financial covenants on a pro forma basis after taking into account the acquisition, and, if the acquired business is a separate subsidiary, in certain circumstances the lenders will receive the benefit of a guaranty of the subsidiary and liens on its assets and a pledge of its stock. As of May 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with the terms of the Credit Agreement, and has undertaken to continuously monitor compliance with these covenants. Liquidity and Capital Resources Outlook Future Sources of Cash We expect our future sources of cash to include cash flow generated from our operating activities and borrowings under our Credit Agreement. Our revolving credit facility is available for cash advances required for working capital and for letters of credit to support our operations. Acquisitions are funded through available cash, borrowings under the revolving credit facility and seller notes. Future Uses of Cash We expect our future uses of cash will primarily be for acquisitions, international expansion, purchases or manufacture of field testing equipment to support growth, additional investments in technology and software products and the replacement of existing assets and equipment used in our operations. We often make purchases to support new sources of revenues, particularly in our Services segment. In addition, we will need to fund a certain amount of replacement equipment, including our fleet vehicles. We historically spend approximately 2% to 4% of our total revenues on capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, and expect to fund these expenditures through a combination of cash and lease financing. Our cash capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 were approximately 2%, 2%, and 3% of revenues, respectively. In addition, we expect to selectively repurchase our common stock, pursuant to the stock repurchase program of up to $50 million, that was approved by the Company's Board of Directors during fiscal 2016. Our future acquisitions may also require capital. We acquired two companies in fiscal 2016 and four companies in fiscal 2015, with an aggregate cash outlay of $37.5 million. In some cases, additional equipment will be needed to upgrade the capabilities of these acquired companies. In addition, our future acquisition and capital spending may increase as we pursue growth opportunities. Other investments in infrastructure, training and software may also be required to match our growth, but we plan to continue using a disciplined approach to building our business. In addition, we will use cash to fund our operating leases, capital leases, long-term debt repayments and various other obligations as they arise. We also expect to use cash to support our working capital requirements for our operations, particularly in the event of further growth and due to the impacts of seasonality on our business. Our future working capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate of our revenue growth, our introduction of new solutions and enhancements to existing solutions and our expansion of sales and marketing and product development activities. To the extent that our cash and cash equivalents and future cash flows from operating activities are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through bank credit arrangements, public or private equity financings, or debt financings. We also may need to raise additional funds in the event we determine in the future to effect one or more acquisitions of businesses, technologies or products that will complement our existing operations. In the event additional funding is required, we may not be able to obtain bank credit arrangements or effect an equity or debt financing on acceptable terms. Contractual Obligations 41 Table of Contents We generally do not enter into long-term minimum purchase commitments. Our principal commitments, in addition to those related to our long-term debt discussed below, consist of obligations under facility leases for office space and equipment leases and contingent consideration obligations in connection with our acquisitions. The following table summarizes our outstanding contractual obligations as of May 31, 2016: ($ in thousands) Long-term debt (1) Capital lease obligations (2) Operating lease obligations Contingent consideration obligations (3) Total $ Total 85,009 21,189 46,809 Fiscal 2017 12,553 $ 9,112 9,956 Fiscal 2018 881 $ 6,491 7,903 Fiscal 2019 751 $ 3,810 6,580 Fiscal 2020 69,446 $ 1,520 5,219 Fiscal 2021 294 $ 134 4,112 2,075 $ 155,082 1,029 32,650 933 16,208 $ $ 104 11,245 9 76,194 $ $ $ — 4,540 2022 & Beyond 1,084 122 13,039 — 14,245 $ $ ________________________________ (1) Consists primarily of borrowings from our senior credit facility and seller notes payable in connection with our acquisitions and includes the current portion outstanding. (2) Includes estimated cash interest to be paid over the remaining terms of the leases. (3) Consists of payments deemed reasonably likely to occur in connection with our acquisitions Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements During fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The accounting policies that we believe require more significant estimates and assumptions include: revenue recognition, valuations of accounts receivable, long-lived assets, goodwill, and deferred tax assets and uncertain tax positions. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience, known or expected trends and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates, which may cause our future results to be significantly affected. We believe that the following critical accounting policies comprise the more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition Revenue is generally recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered or products have been delivered, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured, as summarized below. Services Revenue is primarily derived from providing services on a time and material basis. Service arrangements generally consist of inspection professionals working under contract for a fixed period of time or on a specific customer project. Revenue is generally recognized when the service is performed in accordance with terms of each customer arrangement, upon completion of the earnings process and when collection is reasonably assured. At the end of any reporting period, revenue is accrued for services that have been earned which have not yet been billed. Reimbursable costs, including those related to travel and out-of- pocket expenses, are included in revenue, and equivalent amounts of reimbursable costs are included in cost of services. 42 Table of Contents Products and Systems Sales of products and systems are recorded when the sales price is fixed and determinable and the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred (generally upon shipment) and when collectability is reasonably assured. These arrangements occasionally contain multiple elements or deliverables, such as hardware, software (that is essential to the functionality of the hardware) and related services. We recognize revenue for delivered elements as separate units of accounting, when the delivered elements have standalone value, uncertainties regarding customer acceptance are resolved and there are no refund or return rights for the delivered elements. We establish the selling prices for each deliverable based on our vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), if available, third-party evidence, if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price (“ESP”) if neither VSOE nor third-party evidence is available. We establish VSOE of selling price using the price charged for a deliverable when sold separately and, in rare instances, using the price established by management having the relevant authority. Third-party evidence of selling price is established by evaluating largely similar and interchangeable competitor products or services in standalone sales to similarly situated customers. We determine ESP by considering internal factors such as margin objectives, pricing practices and controls, customer segment pricing strategies and the product life cycle. Consideration is also given to market conditions such as competitor pricing strategies and industry technology life cycles. When determining ESP, we apply management judgment to establish margin objectives and pricing strategies and to evaluate market conditions and product life cycles. Changes in the aforementioned factors may result in a different allocation of revenue to the deliverables in multiple element arrangements and therefore may change the pattern and timing of revenue recognition for these elements, but will not change the total revenue recognized for the arrangement. A portion of our revenue is generated from engineering and manufacturing of custom products under long-term contracts that may last from several months to several years, depending on the contract. Revenues from long-term contracts are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting revenues are recognized as work is performed. The percentage of completion at any point in time is generally based on total costs or total labor dollars incurred to date in relation to the total estimated costs or total labor dollars estimated at completion. The percentage of completion is then applied to the total contract revenue to determine the amount of revenue to be recognized in the period. Application of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting requires the use of estimates of costs to be incurred for the performance of the contract. Contract costs include all direct materials, direct labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs, and all costs associated with operation of equipment. The cost estimation process is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of our engineers, project managers and financial professionals. Factors that are considered in estimating the work to be completed include the availability and productivity of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in our project performance and the recoverability of any claims. Whenever revisions of estimated contract costs and contract values indicate that the contract costs will exceed estimated revenues, thus creating a loss, a provision for the total estimated loss is recorded in that period. Long-Lived Assets We perform a review of long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If an indication of impairment is present, we compare the estimated undiscounted future cash flows to be generated by the asset to its carrying amount. If the undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, we record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its fair value. We estimate fair value based on valuation techniques such as a discounted cash flow analysis or a comparison to fair values of similar assets. As of May 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $78.7 million and $79.3 million in net property, plant and equipment, respectively, and $43.5 million and $51.3 million in intangible assets, net, respectively. There were no long-lived asset impairment charges recorded during the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 or 2014. Long-lived assets, net, outside of the U.S. totaled $104.8 million and $105.9 million as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair values attributed to underlying net tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets. We test the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at a “reporting unit” level (which for the Company is represented by (i) our Services segment, (ii) our Products and Systems segment, and (iii) the European component and (iv) Brazilian component of our International segment), using a qualitative assessment for its Services reporting unit and a two-step approach for its remaining reporting units, annually as of March 1, or whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, this is an indicator that the goodwill assigned to that 43 Table of Contents reporting unit may be impaired. In this case, a second step is performed to allocate the fair value of the reporting unit to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if it had just been acquired in a business combination, and as if the purchase price was equivalent to the fair value of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is referred to as the implied fair value of goodwill. The implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is then compared to the actual carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss would be recorded to reduce the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. We consider the income and market approaches to estimating the fair value of our reporting units, which requires significant judgment in evaluation of economic and industry trends, estimated future cash flows, discount rates and other factors. The Company believes that the fair values of each of its reporting units are substantially in excess of their respective carrying amounts. Significant deterioration in industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, inability to effectively integrate acquired businesses, or other factors, may cause these fair value to decline, possibly resulting in impairment charges to goodwill in future periods. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning December 15, 2017, as a result of a one year deferral in the standard issued by the FASB in August 2015 with ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Deferral of the Effective Date. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. This amendment will simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination and eliminates the requirement to retrospectively account for those adjustments in previous reporting periods. This update will require on the face of the income statement or in the notes to the financial statements the amount recorded in current-period earnings that would have previously been recorded if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. This update should be applied prospectively and earlier adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2015-16 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This amendment will simplify the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and require all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be treated as non-current. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2015-17 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This amendment supersedes previous accounting guidance (Topic 840) and requires all leases, with exception of leases with a term of 12 months or less, to be recorded on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The standard requires lessees and lessors to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issues ASU No. 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This amendment will simplify certain aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, which include accounting for income taxes and the related impact on the statement of cash flows, an option to account for forfeitures when they occur in addition to the existing guidance to estimate the forfeitures of awards, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows for employee taxes paid to tax authorities on shares withheld for vesting. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 44 Table of Contents ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Interest Rate Sensitivity The company’s investment portfolio primarily includes cash equivalents for which the market values are not significantly affected by changes in interest rates. Our interest rate risk results primarily from our variable rate indebtedness under our credit facility, which is influenced by movements in short-term rates. Borrowings under our $175.0 million revolving credit facility are based on an LIBOR, plus an additional margin based on our Funded Debt Leverage Ratio. Based on the amount of variable rate debt, $69.0 million at May 31, 2016, an increase in interest rates by one hundred basis points from our current rate would increase annual interest expense by approximately $0.7 million. Foreign Currency Risk We have foreign currency exposure related to our operations in foreign locations. This foreign currency exposure, particularly the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Brazilian Real, Canadian Dollar and the Indian Rupee, arises primarily from the translation of our foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements into U.S. Dollars. For example, a portion of our annual sales and operating costs are denominated in British Pound Sterling and we have exposure related to sales and operating costs increasing or decreasing based on changes in currency exchange rates. If the U.S. Dollar increases in value against these foreign currencies, the value in U.S. Dollars of the assets and liabilities originally recorded in these foreign currencies will decrease. Conversely, if the U.S. Dollar decreases in value against these foreign currencies, the value in U.S. Dollars of the assets and liabilities originally recorded in these foreign currencies will increase. Thus, increases and decreases in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative to these foreign currencies have a direct impact on the value in U.S. Dollars of our foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, even if the value of these items has not changed in their original currency. We do not currently enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge exposures denominated in foreign currencies. An unfavorable 10% change in the average U.S. Dollar exchange rates for fiscal 2016 would cause a decrease in consolidated operating income of approximately $1.1 million and a favorable 10% change would cause an increase of approximately $1.3 million. We may consider entering into hedging or forward exchange contracts in the future, as sales in international currencies increase due to growth in our International segment. Fair Value of Financial Instruments We do not have material exposure to market risk with respect to investments, as our investments consist primarily of highly liquid investments purchased with a remaining maturity of three months or less. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes; however, this does not preclude our adoption of specific hedging strategies in the future. Effects of Inflation and Changing Prices Our results of operations and financial condition have not been significantly affected by inflation and changing prices. 45 Table of Contents ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Stockholders Mistras Group, Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mistras Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2016. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Mistras Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). /s/ KPMG LLP New York, New York August 15, 2016 46 Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, except share and per share data) ASSETS Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventories Deferred income taxes Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Intangible assets, net Goodwill Deferred income taxes Other assets Total Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Current Liabilities Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Current portion of long-term debt Current portion of capital lease obligations Income taxes payable Total current liabilities Long-term debt, net of current portion Obligations under capital leases, net of current portion Deferred income taxes Other long-term liabilities Total Liabilities Commitments and contingencies Equity Preferred stock, 10,000,000 shares authorized Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 28,939,993 and 28,703,320 shares issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2015, respectively Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total Mistras Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity Total Liabilities and Equity May 31, 2016 2015 $ $ $ 21,188 137,913 9,918 6,216 12,711 187,946 78,676 43,492 169,220 1,000 2,341 482,675 10,796 62,983 12,553 7,835 2,710 96,877 72,456 11,932 18,328 6,794 206,387 10,555 133,228 10,841 5,144 11,698 171,466 79,256 51,276 166,414 1,208 2,107 471,727 10,529 55,914 17,902 8,646 532 93,523 95,557 10,717 16,984 9,934 226,715 — — 290 213,737 82,235 (20,099) 276,163 125 276,288 482,675 $ 287 208,064 57,581 (21,113) 244,819 193 245,012 471,727 $ $ $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 47 Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands, except per share data) Revenue Cost of revenue Depreciation Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and engineering Depreciation and amortization Acquisition-related (benefit) expense, net Legal settlement Income from operations Interest expense Income before provision for income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income Less: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of taxes Net income attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. Earnings per common share Basic Diluted Weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted $ $ $ $ For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 719,181 494,911 21,262 203,008 141,229 $ 711,252 506,281 20,238 184,733 143,978 623,447 432,695 17,809 172,943 123,690 2,523 11,212 (1,453) 6,320 43,177 4,762 38,415 13,765 24,650 (4) 24,654 0.85 0.82 28,856 29,891 $ $ $ 2,521 13,048 (5,167) — 30,353 4,622 25,731 9,740 15,991 (90) 16,081 0.56 0.54 28,613 29,590 $ $ $ 2,995 10,620 (2,657) — 38,295 3,192 35,103 12,528 22,575 57 22,518 0.79 0.77 28,365 29,324 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 48 Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in thousands) Net income Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustments Comprehensive income (loss) Less: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests Foreign currency translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. $ 25,669 $ For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 24,650 $ 15,991 $ 22,575 1,014 25,664 (4) 1 (19,602) (3,611) (90) 5 (3,516) $ 2,941 25,516 57 (4) 25,455 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 49 Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Equity (in thousands) Common Stock Shares Amount Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Total Mistras Group, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity Balance at May 31, 2013 28,211 $ 282 $ 195,241 $ 18,982 $ (4,452) $ 210,053 $ 227 $ 210,280 Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Share-based payments Net settlement on vesting of restricted stock units Excess tax benefit from share-based payment compensation Exercise of stock options Balance at May 31, 2014 Net income Other comprehensive loss, net of tax Share-based payments Net settlement on vesting of restricted stock units Excess tax benefit from share-based payment compensation Exercise of stock options Balance at May 31, 2015 Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Share-based payments Net settlement on vesting of restricted stock units Excess tax benefit from share-based payment compensation Exercise of stock options Balance at May 31, 2016 — — 19 123 — 103 — — — 1 — 1 — — 6,261 (1,007) 340 996 22,518 — — — — — — 2,941 — — — 22,518 2,941 6,261 (1,006) 340 997 57 4 — — — — 22,575 2,945 6,261 (1,006) 340 997 28,456 $ 284 $ 201,831 $ 41,500 $ (1,511) $ 242,104 $ 288 $ 242,392 — — 21 161 — 65 — — — 2 — 1 — — 6,579 (1,483) 388 749 16,081 — 16,081 — — — — — (19,602) — — — — (19,602) 6,579 (1,481) 388 750 (90) (5) — — — — 15,991 (19,607) 6,579 (1,481) 388 750 28,703 $ 287 $ 208,064 $ 57,581 $ (21,113) $ 244,819 $ 193 $ 245,012 — — — 182 — 55 — — — 2 — 1 — — 6,394 (1,093) (170) 542 24,654 — — — — — — 1,014 — — — — 24,654 1,014 6,394 (1,091) (170) 543 (4) (64) — — — — 24,650 950 6,394 (1,091) (170) 543 28,940 $ 290 $ 213,737 $ 82,235 $ (20,099) $ 276,163 $ 125 $ 276,288 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 50 Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation and amortization Deferred income taxes Share-based compensation expense Charges associated with the exit of foreign operations Fair value adjustments to contingent consideration Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Other assets Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other liabilities Income taxes payable Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of property, plant and equipment Purchase of intangible assets Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired Proceeds from sale of equipment Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Repayment of capital lease obligations Proceeds from borrowings of long-term debt Repayment of long-term debt Proceeds from revolver Repayments of revolver Payment of contingent consideration for business acquisitions Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards Excess tax benefit from share-based payment compensation Proceeds from the exercise of stock options Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents: Beginning of period End of period Supplemental disclosure of cash paid Interest Income taxes Noncash investing and financing Equipment acquired through capital lease obligations Issuance of notes payable and other debt obligations primarily related to acquisitions $ $ $ $ $ For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 Note 1 2014 $ 24,650 $ 15,991 $ 22,575 32,474 240 6,514 — (2,066) (1,052) (4,999) 1,595 (1,128) (684) 254 10,187 2,139 68,124 (14,864) (1,315) (1,743) 1,170 (16,752) (7,870) 2,737 (17,580) 55,800 (69,600) (3,147) (1,091) (170) 543 (40,378) (361) 10,633 10,555 21,188 4,151 10,686 8,248 $ $ $ $ 33,286 (1,745) 6,579 2,516 (5,382) 1,647 3,982 388 (288) (821) (6,571) 2,006 (1,748) 49,840 (15,104) (866) (34,677) 996 (49,651) (8,653) 2,232 (11,457) 110,300 (86,800) (3,213) (1,481) 388 750 2,066 (1,720) 535 10,020 10,555 4,504 13,243 8,031 — $ 20,480 28,429 (621) 6,261 — (3,937) 617 (23,857) 1,203 (4,059) 36 6,125 4,532 (431) 36,873 (16,871) (708) (21,924) 1,498 (38,005) (8,139) — (8,830) 102,880 (81,300) (1,678) (1,007) 340 996 3,262 88 2,218 $ $ $ $ $ 7,802 10,020 3,271 12,920 11,031 336 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 51 Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) 1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation Description of Business Mistras Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) is a leading “one source” global provider of technology-enabled asset protection solutions used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. The Company combines industry-leading products and technologies, expertise in mechanical integrity (MI) and non-destructive testing (NDT) services and proprietary data analysis software to deliver a comprehensive portfolio of customized solutions, ranging from routine inspections to complex, plant-wide asset integrity assessments and management. These mission critical solutions enhance customers’ ability to extend the useful life of their assets, increase productivity, minimize repair costs, comply with governmental safety and environmental regulations, manage risk and avoid catastrophic disasters. The Company serves a global customer base of companies with asset-intensive infrastructure, including companies in the oil and gas, fossil and nuclear power, alternative and renewable energy, public infrastructure, chemicals, commercial aerospace and defense, transportation, primary metals and metalworking, pharmaceutical/biotechnology and food processing industries and research and engineering institutions. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mistras Group, Inc. and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. For subsidiaries in which the Company’s ownership interest is less than 100%, the noncontrolling interests are reported in stockholders’ equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The noncontrolling interests in net income, net of tax, is classified separately in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Mistras Group, Inc.’s and its subsidiaries’ fiscal years end on May 31 except for the subsidiaries in the International segment, which end on April 30. Accordingly, the Company’s International segment subsidiaries are consolidated on a one-month lag. Therefore, in the quarter and year of acquisition, results of acquired subsidiaries in the International segment are generally included in consolidated results for one less month than the actual number of months from the acquisition date to the end of the reporting period. Management does not believe that any events occurred during the one-month lag period that would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2016. As discussed in Note 7 - Acquisitions and Dispositions, during the lag period in fiscal 2015, the Company sold an international subsidiary, and decided to sell two additional international subsidiaries. Management does not believe that any additional events occurred during the fiscal 2015 one-month lag period that would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Reference to a fiscal year means the fiscal year ended May 31. Reclassifications Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or results of operations as previously reported. Immaterial Correction Subsequent to the issuance of its consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended May 31, 2015, the Company identified errors related to the classification of amounts reported in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for that period. In accordance with the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 99, Materiality, and SAB No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements, management evaluated the materiality of the errors from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, and concluded that the errors were immaterial. Accordingly, management has corrected the presentation of the affected line items of the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended May 31, 2015, as summarized below. These changes did not impact the Company’s net income, balance sheet, or stockholders’ equity for any periods previously reported. 52 Table of Contents Cash flows from operating activities Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from borrowings of long-term debt Repayments of long-term debt Net borrowings against revolver Net cash provided by financing activities Previously Reported Revised (6,281) 2,500 50,624 (34,967) (49,941) — (9,224) 21,914 481 (6,571) 2,006 49,840 (34,677) (49,651) 2,232 (11,457) 23,500 2,066 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (629) (1,720) 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition Revenue is generally recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered or products have been delivered, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenues. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented in the consolidated statements of income on a net basis. One customer accounted for 10% of our revenues in fiscal 2016, which primarily were generated from the Services segment. No customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenues in fiscal 2015 and 2014. The following revenue recognition policies define the manner in which we account for specific transaction types: Services Revenue is primarily derived from providing services on a time and material basis. Service arrangements generally consist of inspection professionals working under contract for a fixed period of time or on a specific customer project. Revenue is generally recognized when the service is performed in accordance with terms of each customer arrangement, upon completion of the earnings process and when collection is reasonably assured. At the end of any reporting period, revenue is accrued for services that have been earned which have not yet been billed. Reimbursable costs, including those related to travel and out-of- pocket expenses, are included in revenue, and equivalent amounts of reimbursable costs are included in cost of services. Products and Systems Sales of products and systems are recorded when the sales price is fixed and determinable and the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred (generally upon shipment) and when collectability is reasonably assured. These arrangements occasionally contain multiple elements or deliverables, such as hardware, software (that is essential to the functionality of the hardware) and related services. The Company recognizes revenue for delivered elements as separate units of accounting, when the delivered elements have standalone value, uncertainties regarding customer acceptance are resolved and there are no refund or return rights for the delivered elements. The Company establishes the selling prices for each deliverable based on its, vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), if available, third-party evidence, if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price (“ESP”) if neither VSOE nor third-party evidence is available. The Company establishes VSOE of selling price using the price charged for a deliverable when sold separately and, in rare instances, using the price established by management having the relevant authority. Third-party evidence of selling price is established by evaluating largely similar and interchangeable competitor products or services in standalone sales to similarly situated customers. The Company determines ESP, by considering Internal factors such as margin objectives, pricing practices and controls, customer segment pricing strategies and the product life cycle. Consideration is also given to market conditions such as competitor pricing strategies and Industry technology life cycles. When determining ESP, the Company applies management judgment to 53 Table of Contents establish margin objectives and pricing strategies and to evaluate market conditions and product life cycles. Changes in the aforementioned factors may result in a different allocation of revenue to the deliverables in multiple element arrangements and therefore may change the pattern and timing of revenue recognition for these elements, but will not change the total revenue recognized for the arrangement. A portion of the Company’s revenue is generated from engineering and manufacturing of custom products under long-term contracts that may last from several months to several years, depending on the contract. Revenues from long-term contracts are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting revenues are recognized as work is performed. The percentage of completion at any point in time is generally based on total costs or total labor dollars incurred to date in relation to the total estimated costs or total labor dollars estimated at completion. The percentage of completion is then applied to the total contract revenue to determine the amount of revenue to be recognized in the period. Application of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting requires the use of estimates of costs to be incurred for the performance of the contract. Contract costs include all direct materials, direct labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs, and all costs associated with operation of equipment. The cost estimation process is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of our engineers, project managers and financial professionals. Factors that are considered in estimating the work to be completed include the availability and productivity of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in our project performance and the recoverability of any claims. Whenever revisions of estimated contract costs and contract values indicate that the contract costs will exceed estimated revenues, thus creating a loss, a provision for the total estimated loss is recorded in that period. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires that the Company make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements. The accounting policies that the Company believes require more significant estimates and assumptions include: revenue recognition, valuations of accounts receivable, long lived assets, goodwill, and deferred tax assets and uncertain tax positions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, known or expected trends and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates, which may cause the Company’s future results to be significantly affected. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts and sales allowances. Outstanding accounts receivable balances are reviewed periodically, and allowances are provided at such time that management believes it is probable that such balances will not be collected within a reasonable period of time. The Company extends credit to its customers based upon credit evaluations in the normal course of business, primarily with 30-day terms. Bad debts are provided for based on historical experience and management’s evaluation of outstanding accounts receivable. Accounts are generally written off when they are deemed uncollectible. One customer accounted for 11% of our accounts receivable in fiscal 2016. No customer accounted for 10% or more of our accounts receivable in fiscal 2015. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, as determined by using the first-in, first-out method, or market. Work in process and finished goods inventory include material, direct labor, variable costs and overhead. Purchased and Internal-Use Software The Company capitalizes certain costs that are incurred to purchase or to create and implement internal-use software, which includes software coding, installation and testing. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over three years, the estimated useful life of the software. Property, Plant and Equipment 54 Table of Contents Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or estimated useful life. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair values attributed to underlying net tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets. The Company tests the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at a “reporting unit” level (which for the Company is represented by (i) our Services segment, (ii) our Products and Systems segment, and (iii) the European component and (iv) Brazilian component of our International segment), using a qualitative assessment for its Services reporting unit and a two-step approach for its remaining reporting units, annually as of March 1, or whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, this is an indicator that the goodwill assigned to that reporting unit may be impaired. In this case, a second step is performed to allocate the fair value of the reporting unit to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if it had just been acquired in a business combination, and as if the purchase price was equivalent to the fair value of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is referred to as the implied fair value of goodwill. The implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is then compared to the actual carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss would be recorded to reduce the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value. The Company considers the income and market approaches to estimating the fair value of our reporting units, which requires significant judgment in evaluation of economic and industry trends, estimated future cash flows, discount rates and other factors. The Company believes that the fair values of each of its reporting units are substantially in excess of their respective carrying amounts. Significant deterioration in industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, inability to effectively integrate acquired businesses, or other factors, may cause these fair value to decline, possibly resulting in impairment charges to goodwill in future periods. Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets on a periodic basis in order to identify indicators of a possible impairment. The assessment for potential impairment is based primarily on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying value of its long-lived assets from expected future undiscounted cash flows. If the total expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, a loss is recognized for the difference between fair value (computed based upon the expected future discounted cash flows) and the carrying value of the assets. Research and Engineering Research and product development costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising, Promotions and Marketing The costs for advertising, promotion and marketing programs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Advertising expense was approximately $1.8 million, $2.2 million and $1.8 million for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other financial current assets and liabilities approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of the items. The carrying value of long-term debt approximates fair value due to the variable-rate structure of the debt. The fair value of the Company’s notes payable and capital lease obligations approximate their carrying amounts as those obligations bear interest at rates which management believes would currently be available to the Company for similar obligations. Foreign Currency Translation 55 Table of Contents The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using their functional currencies, which, is their local currency. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into the U.S. Dollar at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Translation gains and losses are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the period and included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency (gains) and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are included in net income, reported in SG&A expenses, and were approximately $(0.1) million, $1.5 million and $0.1 million in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. At times, cash deposits may exceed the limits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk or risk of nonperformance of financial institutions. Self-Insurance The Company is self-insured for certain losses relating to workers’ compensation and health benefits claims. The Company maintains third-party excess insurance coverage for all workers compensation and health benefit claims in excess of approximately $0.3 million to reduce its exposure from such claims. Self-insured losses are accrued when it is probable that an uninsured claim has been incurred but not reported and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated at the balance sheet date. Share-based Compensation The value of services received from employees and directors in exchange for an award of an equity instrument is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The computed value is recognized as a non-cash cost on a straight-line basis over the period the individual provides services, which is typically the vesting period of the award with the exception of awards containing an internal performance measure which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period subject to the probability of meeting the performance requirements and adjusted for the number of shares expected to be earned. As share- based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. The cost of these awards is recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the company’s consolidated statements of income. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of a deferred income tax asset will not be realized. Financial accounting standards prescribe a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. These standards also provide guidance on de-recognition, measurement, and classification of amounts relating to uncertain tax positions, accounting for and disclosure of interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosures required. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions are recognized as incurred within “provision for income taxes” in the consolidated statements of income. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning December 15, 2017, as a result of a one year deferral in the standard issued by the FASB in August 2015 with ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Deferral of the Effective Date. Early application is not permitted. The standard 56 Table of Contents permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. This amendment will simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination and eliminates the requirement to retrospectively account for those adjustments in previous reporting periods. This update will require on the face of the income statement or in the notes to the financial statements the amount recorded in current-period earnings that would have previously been recorded if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. This update should be applied prospectively and earlier adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2015-16 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This amendment will simplify the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and require all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be treated as non-current. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2015-17 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This amendment supersedes previous accounting guidance (Topic 840) and requires all leases, with exception of leases with a term of 12 months or less, to be recorded on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The standard requires lessees and lessors to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issues ASU No. 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This amendment will simplify certain aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, which include accounting for income taxes and the related impact on the statement of cash flows, an option to account for forfeitures when they occur in addition to the existing guidance to estimate the forfeitures of awards, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows for employee taxes paid to tax authorities on shares withheld for vesting. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 3. Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the sum of (1) the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, and (2) the dilutive effect of assumed conversion of equity awards using the treasury stock method. With respect to the number of weighted average shares outstanding (denominator), diluted shares reflects: (i) only the exercise of options to acquire common stock to the extent that the options’ exercise prices are less than the average market price of common shares during the period and (ii) the pro forma vesting of restricted stock units. The following table sets forth the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share: 57 Table of Contents Basic earnings per share Numerator: Net income attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. Denominator Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share: Numerator: Net income attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. Denominator Weighted average common shares outstanding Dilutive effect of stock options outstanding Dilutive effect of restricted stock units outstanding Diluted earnings per share For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 24,654 $ 16,081 $ 22,518 28,856 0.85 $ 28,613 0.56 $ 28,365 0.79 24,654 $ 16,081 $ 22,518 28,856 712 323 29,891 0.82 $ 28,613 719 258 29,590 0.54 $ 28,365 775 184 29,324 0.77 $ $ $ $ The following potential common shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the effect would have been anti-dilutive: Potential common stock attributable to stock options outstanding Potential common stock attributable to performance awards outstanding Total 4. Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable consist of the following: Trade accounts receivable Allowance for doubtful accounts Accounts receivable, net For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 5 24 29 6 1 7 5 121 126 May 31, 2016 2015 $ $ 140,820 (2,907) 137,913 $ $ 136,208 (2,980) 133,228 The Company had $18.8 million and $15.0 million of unbilled revenues accrued as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Unbilled revenues as of May 31, 2016 are expected to be billed in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. 5. Inventories Inventories consist of the following: 58 Table of Contents Raw materials Work in progress Finished goods Services-related consumable supplies Inventory 6. Property, Plant and Equipment, net Property, plant and equipment consist of the following: Land Building and improvements Office furniture and equipment Machinery and equipment Accumulated depreciation and amortization Property, plant and equipment, net May 31, 2016 2015 3,827 1,743 2,839 1,509 9,918 $ $ 4,194 1,604 3,178 1,865 10,841 $ $ Useful Life (Years) 30-40 5-8 5-7 May 31, 2016 $ 1,735 $ 19,364 8,692 173,053 202,844 (124,168) 78,676 $ $ 2015 1,856 17,712 7,934 162,762 190,264 (111,008) 79,256 Depreciation expense was approximately $22.9 million, $22.2 million and $19.2 million for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 7. Acquisitions and Dispositions Acquisitions During fiscal 2016, the Company completed two acquisitions. The Company purchased a U.S.-based company that provides unmanned aerial systems and NDT services and a Canadian-based company that provides engineering and NDT services. In these acquisitions, the Company acquired 100% of the common stock of each acquiree in exchange for aggregate consideration of $1.8 million in cash and contingent consideration estimated to be $1.0 million to be earned based upon the acquired business achieving specific performance metrics over various periods during the initial four years of operations from the acquisition date. The Company accounted for these transactions in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The estimated total potential contingent consideration for these acquisitions ranges from zero to $0.3 million as of May 31, 2016. During fiscal 2015, the Company completed the acquisition of four companies. One of the acquired companies is located in the U.S. and provides maintenance and inspection services primarily on offshore platforms. This acquisition expanded the service offerings within the Services segment, allowing the Company to provide services to the upstream operations of its customers. The Company also purchased a group of asset protection businesses located in Quebec, Canada and an asset inspection business in Florida to complement service offerings within the Company’s Services segment and continue its market expansion strategy. The Company’s International Segment completed an acquisition of an asset inspection business located in the United Kingdom. In these acquisitions, the Company acquired 100% of the common stock or certain assets of each acquiree in exchange for aggregate consideration of approximately $35.8 million in cash and $20.5 million in notes payable over two years. The Company accounted for such transactions in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. In addition to the cash consideration related to these acquisitions, the Company accrued a liability of approximately $2.3 million, which represents the estimated fair value of contingent consideration expected to be payable in the event that the acquired companies achieve specific performance metrics during various periods over the next three years of operations. The estimated total potential contingent consideration for these acquisitions ranges from zero to $3.2 million as of May 31, 2015. 59 Table of Contents Assets and liabilities of the acquired businesses were included in the consolidated balance sheets as of May 31, 2016 based on their estimated fair value on the date of acquisition as determined in a purchase price allocation, using available information and making assumptions management believes are reasonable. The results of operations of each of the acquisitions completed in fiscal 2016 and 2015 are included in each respective operating segment’s results of operations from the date of acquisition. The Company’s allocation of purchase price for these acquisitions is included in the table below. The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and any subsequent adjustments made during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016: Number of entities Cash paid Subordinated notes issued Contingent consideration Consideration paid Current net assets Debt and other long-term liabilities Property, plant and equipment Deferred tax liability Intangibles Goodwill Net assets acquired 2016 2015 2 4 $ $ $ 1,784 $ $ $ — 991 2,775 180 (546) 485 (72) — 2,728 $ 2,775 $ 35,755 20,505 2,255 58,515 2,770 (5,889) 7,395 (2,467) 10,394 46,312 58,515 The amortization period for intangible assets acquired ranges from two to twelve years. The Company recorded $2.7 million and $46.3 million of goodwill in connection with its fiscal 2016 and 2015 acquisitions, respectively, reflecting the strategic fit and revenue and earnings growth potential of these businesses. The goodwill recorded in fiscal 2016 and 2015 relates primarily to the acquisition of the common stock of the acquirees, which is generally not deductible for tax purposes. We are continuing our review of our fair value estimate of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for two entities acquired in fiscal 2016 disclosed above. This process will conclude as soon as we finalize information regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill for these two entities totaled $2.7 million. These measurement periods will not exceed one year from the respective acquisition dates. Revenue included in the consolidated statement of operations for fiscal 2016 from these acquisitions for the period subsequent to the closing of the fiscal 2016 transactions were approximately $0.2 million. Aggregate loss from operations included in the consolidated statement of operations for fiscal 2016 from the acquisitions for the period subsequent to the closing of each transaction was approximately $0.3 million. As these acquisitions are not significant to the Company’s fiscal 2016 results, no unaudited pro forma financial information has been included in this report. Dispositions On May 22, 2015, the Company completed the sale of one of its Russian subsidiaries and recognized a loss of $0.4 million. On July 31, 2015, the Company completed the sale of its other subsidiary in Russia, as well as its subsidiary in Japan. For the year ended May 31, 2015, the Company recognized impairment charges of $2.1 million related to these sales. Aggregate charges associated with the exit of these three foreign operations was approximately $2.5 million and is included within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated income statement for the year ended May 31, 2015. In the aggregate, the assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries represent 0.6% and 0.3% of consolidated assets and liabilities, respectively, and are included in their natural classifications on the consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 2015. Acquisition-Related expense In the course of its acquisition activities, the Company incurs costs in connection with due diligence, professional fees, and other expenses. Additionally, the Company adjusts the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities on a 60 Table of Contents quarterly basis. These amounts are recorded as acquisition-related (benefit) expense, net, on the consolidated statements of income and were as follows for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014: Due diligence, professional fees and other transaction costs Adjustments to fair value of contingent consideration liabilities Acquisition-related (benefit) expense, net For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ $ $ $ 629 (2,082) $ (1,453) $ 215 $ (5,382) $ (5,167) $ 1,280 (3,937) (2,657) The Company’s contingent consideration liabilities are recorded on the balance sheet in accrued expenses and other liabilities. 8. Goodwill The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment is shown below: Balance at May 31, 2014 Goodwill acquired during the year Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocations Foreign currency translation Balance at May 31, 2015 Goodwill acquired (disposed) during the year Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocations Foreign currency translation Balance at May 31, 2016 Services International Products Total 73,767 $ 43,552 $ 13,197 $ 130,516 41,986 3,529 (2,003) 117,279 2,728 270 (594) 119,683 $ $ 1,480 (367) (8,727) 35,938 (374) — 776 — — — $ 13,197 $ — — — 43,466 3,162 (10,730) 166,414 2,354 270 182 36,340 $ 13,197 $ 169,220 $ $ $ The Company reviews goodwill for impairment on a reporting unit basis on March 1 of each year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. As of May 31, 2016, the Company did not identify any changes in circumstances that would indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company's cumulative goodwill impairment as of May 31, 2016, May 31, 2015 and May 31, 2014 was $9.9 million, which is within its International segment. 9. Intangible Assets The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets were as follows: 2016 2015 May 31, Customer relationships Software/Technology Covenants not to compete Other Total Useful Life (Years) 5-12 3-15 2-5 2-5 Gross Amount $ 81,262 17,539 10,791 7,827 $ 117,419 Accumulated Amortization $ (47,747) $ (11,855) (9,290) (5,035) (73,927) $ $ Net Carrying Amount 33,515 5,684 1,501 2,792 43,492 Gross Amount $ 81,101 15,738 11,678 6,910 $ 115,427 Accumulated Amortization $ (41,009) $ (10,290) (8,605) (4,247) (64,151) $ $ Net Carrying Amount 40,092 5,448 3,073 2,663 51,276 Amortization expense for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was approximately $9.6 million, $11.1 million and $9.2 million, respectively, including amortization of software/technology for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 of $1.0 million, $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Amortization expense in each of the five years and thereafter subsequent to May 31, 2016 related to the Company’s intangible assets is expected to be as follows: 61 Table of Contents 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total 10. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following: Accrued salaries, wages and related employee benefits Contingent consideration Accrued worker compensation and health benefits Deferred revenues Legal settlement accrual Other accrued expenses Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities 11. Long-Term Debt Long-term debt consists of the following: Senior credit facility Notes payable Other Total debt Less: Current portion Long-term debt, net of current portion Senior Credit Facility Expected Amortization Expense $ $ 8,618 7,302 6,119 4,495 4,238 12,720 43,492 May 31, 2016 2015 31,566 1,029 4,834 3,332 6,320 15,902 62,983 $ $ 26,053 3,543 3,630 3,841 — 18,847 55,914 $ $ May 31, 2016 2015 68,999 10,111 5,899 85,009 (12,553) 72,456 $ $ 83,062 24,632 5,765 113,459 (17,902) 95,557 $ $ On October 31, 2014, the Company entered into a Third Amendment and Modification Agreement (the “Amendment”), of its revolving line of credit, the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”), dated December 21, 2011, with its lending group. The Amendment increased the Company’s revolving line of credit from $125.0 million to $175.0 million and provides that under certain circumstances the line of credit can be increased to $225.0 million. The Company may continue to borrow up to $30.0 million in non-U.S. Dollar currencies and use up to $10.0 million of the credit limit for the issuance of letters of credit. The Amendment also extended the original maturity date of the Credit Agreement from December 20, 2016 to October 30, 2019. At May 31, 2016, the Company had borrowings of $69.0 million and letters of credit of $4.8 million were outstanding under the Credit Agreement. The Company capitalized $0.7 million of costs associated with this debt modification. Loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest at LIBOR plus an applicable LIBOR margin ranging from 1% to 1.75%, or a base rate less a margin of 1.25% to 0.375%, at the option of the Company, based upon the Company’s Funded Debt Leverage Ratio. Funded Debt Leverage Ratio is generally the ratio of (1) all outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money and other 62 Table of Contents interest-bearing indebtedness as of the date of determination to (2) EBITDA (which is (a) net income, less (b) income (or plus loss) from discontinued operations and extraordinary items, plus (c) income tax expenses, plus (d) interest expense, plus (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization (including non-cash loss on retirement of assets), plus (f) stock compensation expense, less (g) cash expense related to stock compensation, plus or minus certain other adjustments) for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters immediately preceding the date of determination. The Company has the benefit of the lowest margin if its Funded Debt Leverage Ratio is equal to or less than 0.5 to 1, and the margin increases as the ratio increases, to the maximum margin if the ratio is greater than 2.0 to 1. The Company will also bear additional costs for market disruption, regulatory changes effecting the lenders’ funding costs, and default pricing of an additional 2% interest rate margin on any amounts not paid when due. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement are secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the Company. The Credit Agreement contains financial covenants requiring that the Company maintain a Funded Debt Leverage Ratio of no greater than 3.25 to 1 and an Interest Coverage Ratio of at least 3.0 to 1. Interest Coverage Ratio means the ratio, as of any date of determination, of (a) EBITDA for the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of determination, to (b) all interest, premium payments, debt discount, fees, charges and related expenses of the Company and its subsidiaries in connection with borrowed money (including capitalized interest) or in connection with the deferred purchase price of assets, in each case to the extent treated as interest in accordance with GAAP, paid during the 12 month period immediately preceding the date of determination. The Credit Agreement also limits the Company’s ability to, among other things, create liens, make investments, incur more indebtedness, merge or consolidate, make dispositions of property, pay dividends and make distributions to stockholders, enter into a new line of business, enter into transactions with affiliates and enter into burdensome agreements. The Credit Agreement does not limit the Company’s ability to acquire other businesses or companies except that the acquired business or company must be in the Company's line of business, the Company must be in compliance with the financial covenants on a pro forma basis after taking into account the acquisition, and, if the acquired business is a separate subsidiary, in certain circumstances the lenders will receive the benefit of a guaranty of the subsidiary and liens on its assets and a pledge of its stock. As of May 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with the terms of the Credit Agreement, and has undertaken to continuously monitor compliance with these covenants. Notes Payable and Other Debt In connection with certain of its acquisitions, the Company issued subordinated notes payable to the sellers. The maturity of the notes that remain outstanding range from two to five years from the date of acquisition with stated interest rates ranging from 0% to 4%. The Company has discounted these obligations to reflect a 2% to 4% market interest. Unamortized discount on the notes was de minimis as of May 31, 2016 and 2015. Amortization is recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statements of income. The Company has evaluated current market conditions and borrower credit quality and has determined that the carrying value of its long-term debt approximates fair value. The fair value of the Company’s notes payable and capital lease obligations approximates their carrying amounts based on anticipated interest rates which management believes would currently be available to the Company for similar issues of debt. Scheduled principal payments due under all borrowing agreements in each of the five years and thereafter subsequent to May 31, 2016 are as follows: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total $ $ 12,553 881 751 69,446 294 1,084 85,009 12. Fair Value Measurements The Company performs fair value measurements in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to 63 Table of Contents transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It also establishes a three level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows: Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions about inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available. In accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above, the following table shows the fair value of the Company’s financial liabilities that are required to be remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis: Liabilities: Contingent consideration Total Liabilities Liabilities: Contingent consideration Total Liabilities Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total May 31, 2016 — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,075 2,075 $ $ 2,075 2,075 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total May 31, 2015 — $ — $ — $ — $ 6,411 6,411 $ $ 6,411 6,411 $ $ $ $ The fair value of contingent consideration liabilities that was classified as Level 3 in the table above was estimated using a discounted cash flow technique with significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 fair value measurement as defined in ASC 820. The significant inputs in the Level 3 measurement not supported by market activity include the probability assessments of expected future cash flows related to the acquisitions, appropriately discounted considering the uncertainties associated with the obligation, and as calculated in accordance with the terms of the acquisition agreements. 13. Share-Based Compensation The Company has share-based incentive awards outstanding to its eligible employees and Directors under two employee stock ownership plans: (i) the 2007 Stock Option Plan (the 2007 Plan), and (ii) the 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the 2009 Plan). No further awards may be granted under the 2007 Plan, although awards granted under the 2007 Plan remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. Awards granted under the 2009 Plan may be in the form of stock options, restricted stock units and other forms of share-based incentives, including performance restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and deferred stock rights. The 2009 Plan allows for the grant of awards of up to approximately 2,286,000 shares of common stock, of which approximately 658,000 shares were available for future grants as of May 31, 2016. As of May 31, 2016, there was an aggregate of approximately 2,232,000 stock options outstanding and approximately 902,000 unvested restricted stock units outstanding under the 2009 Plan and the 2007 Plan. Stock Options For the fiscal years ended May 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to stock option awards of less than $0.1 million, respectively, and $0.7 million for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2014. No stock options were granted during the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. As of May 31, 2016, no unrecognized compensation costs remained related to stock option awards. Cash proceeds from, and the intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: 64 Table of Contents Cash proceeds from options exercised Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ $ 543 658 $ 750 563 996 1,247 A summary of the stock option activity, weighted average exercise prices, options outstanding and exercisable as of May 31, 2016 is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 Common Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Common Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Common Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding at beginning of year: 2,287 $ 13.13 2,352 $ 13.09 Granted Exercised Expired or forfeited — $ (55) $ — $ — 9.87 — — $ (65) $ — $ — 11.54 — Outstanding at end of year: 2,232 $ 13.21 2,287 $ 13.13 2,464 $ — $ (103) $ (9) $ $ 2,352 12.93 — 9.67 10.03 13.09 Range of Exercise Prices $6.15-$11.54 $13.46-$22.35 For the year ended May 31, 2016 Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Total Options Outstanding Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) Weighted Average Exercise Price 137 2,095 2,232 2.3 3.2 $ $ 9.09 13.48 Weighted Average Exercise Price 9.09 13.48 Number Exercisable $ $ 137 2,095 2,232 Aggregate Intrinsic Value $ 25,887 $ 25,887 Restricted Stock Unit Awards The Company recognized approximately $4.4 million of share-based compensation in fiscal 2016, $4.7 million of share-based compensation in fiscal 2015 and $4.0 million of share-based compensation expense in fiscal 2014 related to restricted stock unit awards. As of May 31, 2016, there were approximately $7.0 million of unrecognized compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, related to restricted stock unit awards, which are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 2.1 years. Approximately 264,000 restricted stock units were granted in fiscal 2016, 192,000 restricted stock units were granted in fiscal 2015 and 295,000 restricted stock units were granted in fiscal 2014. Approximately 223,000 restricted stock units vested in fiscal 2016, 232,000 restricted stock units vested in fiscal 2015 and 178,000 restricted stock units vested in fiscal 2014. The fair value of these units was $3.5 million, $5.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Upon vesting, restricted stock units are generally net share-settled to cover the required minimum withholding tax and the remaining amount is converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock. Approximately 30,000 shares were forfeited in fiscal 2016, 24,000 shares were forfeited in fiscal 2015 and 44,000 shares were forfeited in fiscal 2014. During the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company granted approximately 28,000, 21,000 and 19,000 shares, respectively, of fully-vested common stock to its five non-employee directors, in connection with its non-employee director compensation plan. These shares had a grant date fair value of approximately $0.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which is included in the share-based compensation expense recorded during the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Performance Restricted Stock Units 65 Table of Contents In fiscal 2014, the company granted one-year, two-year and three-year performance restricted stock units to its executive and certain other senior officers. These units have requisite service periods of three years and have no dividend rights. The actual payout of these units, before the fiscal 2016 modification as described below, was based on the Company’s performance over one, two and three-year periods (based on pre-established targets) and a market condition modifier based on total shareholder return (TSR) compared to an industry peer group. The one-year and two-year performance conditions of the fiscal 2014 awards were evaluated before modification of the awards and not achieved. The one-year and two-year market conditions of the fiscal 2014 awards were evaluated before modification of the awards and achieved. The one-year and two-year awards related to market conditions will payout at 170% and 105%, respectively, of target once the requisite service period is complete. The three-year performance and market condition awards were surrendered as part of the fiscal 2016 modification described below. In fiscal 2015, the company granted performance restricted stock units to its executive and certain other senior officers. These units have requisite service periods of three years and have no dividend rights. The actual payout of these units, before the fiscal 2016 modification as described below, was based on the Company’s performance over the three-year period (based on pre-established targets) and a market condition modifier based on (TSR) compared to an industry peer group. The 2015 awards were surrendered as part of the fiscal 2016 modification described below. In the first quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company modified its equity compensation program and granted 154,000 performance restricted stock units to its executive and certain other senior officers. As a condition for receiving any awards under the revised fiscal 2016 plan, the executive and senior officers surrendered and released all rights to receive any shares under the three-year 2014 awards and three-year 2015 awards with a performance or market condition. The Company has accounted for the fiscal 2016 awards as modifications in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. These units have requisite service periods of five years and have no dividend rights. The actual payout of these units will vary based on the Company’s performance over a one-year period based on three metrics related to the Company’s fiscal 2016 performance: (1) Operating Income, (2) Adjusted EBITDAS, which is consistent with Adjusted EBITDA as disclosed in the financial statements, which is net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, non-cash stock-based compensation expense, acquisition related items, and other non-routine items as approved by the Company's Compensation Committee and (3) Revenue. There is also a discretionary portion based on individual performance. During the year ended May 31, 2016, the Company evaluated the performance metrics, and due to achievement above target, increased the estimated performance shares expected to be granted by approximately 85,000 units to a total of 239,000 units. Compensation costs are initially measured assuming that the target performance conditions will be achieved. However, compensation costs related to the performance conditions are adjusted for subsequent changes in the expected outcome of the performance conditions. The discretionary portion of the fiscal 2016 awards are liability-classified and adjusted to fair value each reporting period. Compensation costs for the discretionary portion of the awards are recognized over the same five year requisite service period as the awards based on the Company’s fiscal 2016 performance. Compensation costs related to the TSR conditions for the one-year and two-year 2014 awards described above were fixed at the measurement date, and not subsequently adjusted. Compensation expense related to all performance restricted stock units described above was $1.6 million, $1.5 million and $1.2 million for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. At May 31, 2016, there was $3.2 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to approximately 328,000 nonvested performance restricted stock units. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.7 years. For the fiscal years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the income tax benefit recognized on all share based compensation arrangements above was approximately $2.2 million, $2.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively. 14. Income Taxes Income before provision for income taxes is as follows: Income (loss) before provision for income taxes from: U.S. operations Foreign operations Earnings before income taxes 66 For the year ended May 31, 2015 2014 2016 $ $ 27,772 10,643 38,415 $ $ 26,893 (1,162) 25,731 $ $ 25,433 9,670 35,103 Table of Contents The provision for income taxes consists of the following: Current Federal States and local Foreign Reserve for uncertain tax positions Total current Deferred Federal States and local Foreign Total deferred Net change in valuation allowance Net deferred Provision for income taxes For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ $ 9,156 1,537 3,672 (529) 13,836 82 (51) (557) (526) 455 (71) 13,765 $ $ 8,489 1,177 1,493 (48) 11,111 (145) (126) (2,416) (2,687) 1,316 (1,371) 9,740 $ $ 8,836 1,689 2,484 59 13,068 (53) 395 (967) (625) 85 (540) 12,528 The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate to income tax as follows: 2016 2015 2014 For the year ended May 31, Federal tax at statutory rate State taxes, net of federal benefit Foreign tax Contingent consideration Permanent differences Other Change in valuation allowance Total provision for income taxes $ $ 13,445 966 (610) (425) 245 (311) 455 13,765 35.0 % $ 2.5 % (1.6)% (1.1)% 0.6 % (0.8)% 1.2 % 35.8 % $ 9,006 683 (517) (914) 196 (30) 1,316 9,740 35.0 % $ 2.7 % (2.0)% (3.6)% 0.8 % (0.1)% 5.1 % 37.9 % $ 12,286 1,355 (1,868) 24 531 115 85 12,528 35.0 % 3.9 % (5.3)% 0.1 % 1.5 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 35.7 % 67 Table of Contents Deferred income tax attributes resulting from differences between financial accounting amounts and income tax basis of assets and liabilities are as follows: Deferred income tax assets Allowance for doubtful accounts Inventory Intangible assets Accrued expenses Net operating loss carryforward Capital lease obligations Capital losses Deferred share-based compensation Other Deferred income tax assets Valuation allowance Net deferred income tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities Property and equipment Goodwill Intangible assets Other Deferred income tax liabilities Net deferred income taxes May 31, 2016 2015 $ 940 518 1,641 4,668 4,036 1,167 719 6,477 440 20,606 (3,397) 17,209 (9,785) (12,535) (5,989) (12) (28,321) (11,112) $ 1,036 796 1,254 3,455 4,738 379 — 6,241 370 18,269 (3,238) 15,031 (8,214) (10,728) (6,677) (44) (25,663) (10,632) $ $ As of May 31, 2016, the Company had federal net operating loss carry forwards (NOL’s) in the amount of approximately $0.3 million which may be utilized subject to limitation under Internal Revenue code section 382. The federal NOL's expire at various times from 2029 to 2033. In addition, as of May 31, 2016 the Company had state and foreign NOLs of $3.6 million and $12.1 million, respectively. The state NOLs expire at various times from 2025 to 2036. Approximately $1.7 million of the foreign NOLs expire at various times from 2021 to 2036, while the remainder of the Company's foreign NOLs do not expire. In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Valuation allowances are provided when management believes the Company's deferred tax assets are not recoverable based on an assessment of estimated future taxable income that incorporates ongoing, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. At May 31, 2016, the Company has a valuation allowance of approximately $3.4 million primarily against certain state and foreign NOLs and the capital losses generated by the disposals of certain foreign subsidiaries. For the year ended May 31, 2016, the valuation allowance increased $0.2 million attributable to tax losses generated by foreign subsidiaries. Except for those deferred tax assets subject to the valuation allowance, management believes that it will realize all deferred tax assets as a result of sufficient future taxable income in each tax jurisdiction in which we have deferred tax assets. 68 Table of Contents The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties: For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 $ 763 $ 1,016 29 52 (23) (91) (29) (398) 303 $ 30 — (1) (112) (50) (120) 763 Balance at June 1 Additions for tax positions related to the current fiscal year Additions for tax positions related to prior years Decreases for tax positions related to prior years Impact of foreign exchange fluctuation Settlements Reductions related to the expiration of statutes of limitations Balance at May 31 $ The Company has recorded the unrecognized tax benefits in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. As of May 31, 2016 and 2015, there were approximately $0.4 million and $1.1 million of unrecognized tax benefits, respectively, including penalties and interest that if recognized would favorably affect the effective tax rate. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in income tax expense and are not significant for the years ending May 31, 2016 and 2015. The Company anticipates a decrease to its unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $0.2 million excluding interest and penalties within the next 12 months. The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for years ending before May 31, 2013 and generally is no longer subject to state, local or foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities for years ending before May 31, 2012. The Company has not recognized U.S. tax expense on its undistributed international earnings or losses of its foreign subsidiaries since it intends to indefinitely reinvest the earnings outside the United States. Net income (loss) of foreign subsidiaries was $7.5 million and $(0.8) million for fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. We have recognized no deferred tax liability for the remittance of such earnings to the U.S. since it is our intention to utilize those earnings in the foreign operations. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability on this temporary difference is not practicable because of the complexities of the hypothetical calculation. 15. Employee Benefit Plans The Company provides a 401(k) savings plan for eligible U.S. based employees. Employee contributions are discretionary up to the IRS limits each year and catch up contributions are allowed for employees 50 years of age or older. Under the 401 (k) plan, employees become eligible to participate on the first day of the month after six months of continuous service. Under this plan, the Company matches 50% of the employee’s contributions up to 6% of the employee’s annual compensation, as defined by the plan. There is a five-year vesting schedule for the Company match. The Company’s contribution to the plan was $3.3 million, $2.8 million and $2.5 million for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company participates with other employers in contributing to a union plan, which covers certain U.S. based union employees. The plan is not administered by the Company and contributions are determined in accordance with provisions of a collective bargaining agreement. The Company’s contributions to the plan were $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The Company has benefit plans covering certain employees in selected foreign countries. Amounts charged to expense under these plans were not significant in any year. 16. Related Party Transactions The Company leases its headquarters under an operating lease from a shareholder and officer of the Company. On August 1, 2014, the Company extended its lease at its headquarters requiring monthly payments through October 2024. Total rent payments made during fiscal 2016 were approximately $0.9 million. See Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies for further detail related to operating leases. The Company has a lease for office space located in France, which is partly owned by a shareholder and officer. Total rent payments made during fiscal 2016 were approximately $0.2 million. 69 Table of Contents The Company has a lease for office space located in Brazil, which is partly owned by a shareholder and officer. Total rent payments made during fiscal 2016 were approximately $0.1 million. 17. Obligations under Capital Leases The Company leases certain office space, and service equipment under capital leases, requiring monthly payments ranging from less than $1 thousand to $81 thousand, including effective interest rates that range from approximately 1% to 7% expiring through May 2022. The net book value of assets under capital lease obligations was $19.8 million and $19.9 million at May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Scheduled future minimum lease payments subsequent to May 31, 2016 are as follows: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total minimum lease payments Less: amount representing interest Present value of minimum lease payments Less: current portion of obligations under capital leases Obligations under capital leases, net of current portion 18. Commitments and Contingencies Operating Leases $ $ 9,112 6,491 3,810 1,520 134 122 21,189 (1,422) 19,767 (7,835) 11,932 The Company is party to various noncancelable lease agreements, primarily for its international and domestic office and lab space. Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases in each of the five years and thereafter subsequent to May 31, 2016 are as follows: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total $ $ 9,956 7,903 6,580 5,219 4,112 13,039 46,809 Total rent expense was $11.2 million, $10.6 million and $9.5 million for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Legal Proceedings and Government Investigations The Company is subject to periodic legal proceedings, investigations and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot predict with certainty the ultimate resolution of legal proceedings, investigations and claims asserted against it. Except for the matters described below, the Company does not believe that any currently pending legal proceeding to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. The costs of defense and amounts that may be recovered against the Company may be covered by insurance for certain matters. Litigation and Commercial Claims 70 Table of Contents The Company is currently a defendant in a consolidated purported class and collective action, Edgar Viceral and David Kruger v Mistras Group, et al, pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. This matter results from the consolidation of two cases originally filed in California state court in April 2015. The consolidated case alleges violations of California statutes, primarily the California Labor Code, and seeks to proceed as a collective action under the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act. The case is predicated on claims for allegedly missed rest and meal periods, inaccurate wage statements, and failure to pay all wages due, as well as related unfair business practices, and is requesting payment of all damages, including unpaid wages, and various fines and penalties available under California and Federal law. The parties have reached a settlement of the case, whereby the Company agreed to pay $6 million to resolve the allegations and avoid further distraction that would result if the litigation continued. The settlement is subject to court approval, and a hearing for preliminary approval is currently scheduled for August 18, 2016. The Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $6.3 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 for the settlement and payment of payroll taxes and other costs related to the settlement. The settlement will cover claims dating back to April 2011 in some cases and involves approximately 4,900 current and former employees. During fiscal 2013, the Company performed radiography work on the construction of a pipeline project in the U.S. The owner of the pipeline project contends that certain of the radiography images the Company’s technicians prepared regarding the project did not meet the code quality interpretation standards required by the American Petroleum Institute. The project owner is claiming damages as a result of the alleged quality defects of the Company’s radiography images. No lawsuit has been filed at this time, but the Company received a demand for damages of approximately $6 million. The Company is currently unable to determine the likely outcome or reasonably estimate the amount or range of potential liability related to this matter, and accordingly, has not established any reserves for this matter. The Company’s subsidiary in France has been involved in a dispute with a former owner of a business in France purchased by the Company’s French subsidiary. The former owner received a judgment in his favor in the amount of approximately $0.4 million for payment of the contingent consideration portion of the purchase price for the business. The judgment is being appealed, but the Company recorded a reserve for the full amount of the judgment in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016. Government Investigations In May 2015, the Company received a notice from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) that it performed a preliminary assessment at a leased facility the Company operates in Cudahy, California. Based upon the preliminary assessment, the EPA is conducting an investigation of the site, which includes taking groundwater and soil samples. The purpose of the investigation is to determine whether any hazardous materials were released from the facility. The Company has been informed that certain hazardous materials and pollutants have been found in the ground water in the general vicinity of the site and the EPA is attempting to ascertain the origination or source of these materials and pollutants. Given the historic industrial use of the site, the EPA determined that the site of the Cudahy facility should be examined, along with numerous other sites in the vicinity. At this time, the Company is unable to determine whether it has any liability in connection with this matter and if so, the amount or range of any such liability, and accordingly, has not established any reserves for this matter. In January 2012, the Company received notice of a governmental investigation concerning an environmental incident which occurred in February 2011 outside on the premises of the Cudahy facility. No human injury or property damage was reported or appears to have been caused as a result of this incident. While management cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this matter, based on its internal investigation to date, the Company does not believe the outcome will have a material effect on its financial condition or results of operations. To the Company’s knowledge, this matter has been dormant since fiscal 2012. Acquisition-related contingencies The Company is liable for contingent consideration in connection with certain of its acquisitions. As of May 31, 2016, total potential acquisition-related contingent consideration ranged from zero to $16.6 million and would be payable upon the achievement of specific performance metrics by certain of the acquired companies over the next four years of operations. See Note 7 - Acquisitions for further discussion of the Company’s acquisitions. 19. Segment Disclosure The Company’s three operating segments are: 71 Table of Contents • • Services. This segment provides asset protection solutions predominantly in North America with the largest concentration in the United States along with a growing Canadian services business, consisting primarily of non- destructive testing, and inspection and engineering services that are used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. International. This segment offers services, products and systems similar to those of the Company’s other segments to global markets, in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and South America, but not to customers in China and South Korea, which are served by the Products and Systems segment. • Products and Systems. This segment designs, manufactures, sells, installs and services the Company’s asset protection products and systems, including equipment and instrumentation, predominantly in the United States. Costs incurred for general corporate services, including finance, legal, and certain other costs that are provided to the segments are reported within Corporate and eliminations. Sales to the International segment from the Products and Systems segment and subsequent sales by the International segment of the same items are recorded and reflected in the operating performance of both segments. Additionally, engineering charges and royalty fees charged to the Services and International segments by the Products and Systems segment are reflected in the operating performance of each segment. All such intersegment transactions are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated financial reporting. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Segment income from operations is one of the primary performance measures used by the Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, to assess the performance of each segment and make decisions as to resource allocations. Certain general and administrative costs such as human resources, information technology and training are allocated to the segments. Segment income from operations excludes interest and other financial charges and income taxes. Corporate and other assets are comprised principally of cash, deposits, property, plant and equipment, domestic deferred taxes, deferred charges and other assets. Corporate loss from operations consists of administrative charges related to corporate personnel and other charges that cannot be readily identified for allocation to a particular segment. Selected financial information by segment for the periods shown was as follows (intercompany transactions are eliminated in Corporate and eliminations): Revenues Services International Products and Systems Corporate and eliminations Gross profit Services International Products and Systems Corporate and eliminations For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 553,279 143,025 30,293 (7,416) 719,181 $ $ 540,224 146,953 31,255 (7,180) 711,252 $ $ 443,229 161,395 33,544 (14,721) 623,447 For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 145,262 43,613 14,022 111 203,008 $ $ 135,201 34,572 14,314 646 184,733 $ $ 114,182 44,893 14,495 (627) 172,943 $ $ $ $ 72 Table of Contents Income from operations Services International Products and Systems Corporate and eliminations Depreciation and amortization Services International Products and Systems Corporate and eliminations Intangible assets, net Services International Products and Systems Corporate and eliminations Total assets Services International Products and Systems Corporate and eliminations Revenue and long-lived assets by geographic area was as follows: Revenue United States Other Americas Europe Asia-Pacific 73 $ $ $ $ For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 52,552 9,293 2,688 (21,356) 43,177 $ $ 49,142 (575) 2,461 (20,675) 30,353 $ $ 43,221 10,238 2,552 (17,716) 38,295 For the year ended May 31, 2016 2015 2014 22,725 7,774 2,323 (348) 32,474 $ $ $ $ $ $ 22,268 8,451 2,426 141 33,286 $ $ 17,794 8,065 2,373 197 28,429 May 31, 2016 2015 19,022 17,703 6,054 713 43,492 $ $ 24,598 19,482 7,004 192 51,276 May 31, 2016 2015 308,008 132,643 31,596 10,428 482,675 $ $ 301,031 126,643 35,464 8,589 471,727 For the year ended May 31, 2015 2014 2016 $ $ 519,361 67,809 118,566 13,445 719,181 $ $ 491,818 68,628 137,071 13,735 711,252 $ $ 403,001 55,120 143,931 21,395 623,447 Table of Contents Long-lived assets United States Other Americas Europe Asia-Pacific May 31, 2016 2015 $ $ 186,543 29,743 75,102 — 291,388 $ $ 190,997 31,558 73,744 647 296,946 20. Selected Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations for the years ended May 31, 2016 and 2015: Fiscal quarter ended Revenues Gross Profit Income from operations Net income attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. Earnings per common share: Basic Diluted May 31, 2016 February 29, 2016 November 30, 2015 August 31, 2015 May 31, 2015 February 28, 2015 November 30, 2014 August 31, 2014 $ 184,187 $ 160,355 $ 194,786 $ 179,853 $ 174,686 $ 163,100 $ 206,893 $ 166,573 52,000 4,918 2,764 0.10 0.09 $ $ $ 42,809 5,758 3,593 0.12 0.12 $ $ $ $ $ $ 56,925 19,569 11,425 0.40 0.39 $ $ $ 51,274 12,932 6,872 0.24 0.23 $ $ $ 44,966 4,627 2,171 0.08 0.07 $ $ $ 38,734 3,870 1,817 0.06 0.06 $ $ $ 59,039 18,192 10,427 0.36 0.35 $ $ $ 41,994 3,664 1,666 0.06 0.06 21. Subsequent Events Subsequent to May 31, 2016, the Company completed two acquisitions of asset protection businesses for $1.2 million in cash upon closing and $0.3 million of deferred purchase price. In addition to the cash consideration, the acquisitions provide for possible contingent consideration up to $0.6 million to be earned based upon the achievement of specific performance metrics over the next three years of operation. The Company is in the process of completing the preliminary purchase price allocations. These acquisitions were not significant and no pro forma information has been included. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President and our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President and our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer concluded that, as of May 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President and our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, and effected by the Company’s 74 Table of Contents board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the updated Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued in 2013. Based on that assessment, our management concluded that, as of May 31, 2016, our internal control over financial reporting was effective. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting During the quarter ended May 31, 2016, we identified deficiencies in general information technology controls (GITCs) that affected the use of a report-writer IT application operated in connection with the Company’s enterprise resource planning systems. Specifically, we did not have effective controls over the configuration of the reports and completeness and accuracy of information presented in the reports. Reports produced by the report-writer IT application are used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements, the measurement of certain significant accounts and the operation of related internal controls. We have determined that these deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting constituted a material weakness that originated in periods prior to the fourth quarter of 2016. The deficiencies resulted in no misstatements to the current or previously issued financial statements. In connection with the preparation of the annual consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended May 31, 2016, management designed and implemented effective controls over the generation of information and reports using the report-writer IT application going forward and retrospectively operated those controls for each instance that the reports were used by management as part of its internal control over financial reporting during fiscal year 2016, thereby remediating the material weakness as of May 31, 2016. Further, we have enhanced the design of our existing general information technology controls over the report- writer application. We will monitor these new controls going forward and implement additional enhancements to our internal control over financial reporting in the next fiscal year. We have determined that the actions taken to date have sufficiently improved the Company’s internal control over financial reporting such that as of May 31, 2016, there is not a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Based on the remediation of the deficiencies we concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of May 31, 2016. Other than the changes noted above, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended May 31, 2016, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PART III Directors The information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the information to be included in our definitive proxy statement related to the 2016 annual shareholders meeting. The information concerning our executive officers required by this Item 10 is provided under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I hereof. 75 Table of Contents ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the information to be included in our definitive proxy statement related to the 2016 annual shareholders meeting. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by Item 12 regarding Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders is incorporated by reference to the information to be included in our definitive proxy statement related to the 2016 annual meeting of shareholders. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides certain information as of May 31, 2016 concerning the shares of our common stock that may be issued under existing equity compensation plans. Plan Category Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (in thousands, except exercise price data) Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders (1) 2,232 $ 13.21 Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders Total — 2,232 $ — 13.21 658 — 658 ________________________________________ (1) Includes all the Company’s plans: 1995 Incentive Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan, 2007 Stock Option Plan and 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the information to be included in our definitive proxy statement related to the 2016 annual shareholders meeting. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the information to be included in our definitive proxy statement related to the 2016 annual shareholders meeting. PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (1) The following financial statements are filed herewith in Item 8 of Part II above: 76 Table of Contents Report of independent registered public accounting firm Consolidated Balance sheets as of May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2015 Consolidated Statements of income for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of equity for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of cash flows for the years ended May 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Notes to consolidated financial statements Page 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 (2) Financial Statement Schedules All other schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is given in the financial statements or notes thereto. (3) Exhibits Exhibit No. 3.1 3.2 4.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 Description Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as exhibit 3.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 4) filed on September 21, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference) Amended and Restated Bylaws (filed as exhibit 3.2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 4) filed on September 21, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference) Specimen certificate evidencing shares of common stock (filed as exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 5) filed on September 23, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference. Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated December 21, 2011 (filed as exhibit 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed April 9, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference) Third Amendment and Modification Agreement, dated October 31, 2014 to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 21, 2011 (filed as exhibit 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed January 9, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference) Form of Indemnification Agreement for directors and officers (filed as exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 4) filed on September 21, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference) Employment Agreement between the Company and Sotirios J. Vahaviolos (filed as exhibit 10.4 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 4) filed on September 21, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference) Amendment, dated July 14, 2010 to Employment Agreement, between the Company and Sotirios J. Vahaviolos (filed as exhibit 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on October 14, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) Amendment No. 2, dated January 24, 2014, to Employment Agreement between the Company and Sotirios J. Vahaviolos (filed as exhibit 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on April 9, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference) 2007 Stock Option Plan and form of Stock Option Agreement (filed as exhibit 10.5 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 4) filed on September 21, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference) 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (filed as exhibit 10.6 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 4) filed on September 21, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference). Form of 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement (filed as exhibit 10.7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 4) filed on September 21, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.10 Form of 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Agreement (filed as exhibit 10.8 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 4) filed on September 21, 2009 (Registration No. 333-151559) and incorporated herein by reference) 77 Table of Contents 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 21.1* 23.1* 24.1* 31.1* 31.2* 32.1** 32.2** Form of Restricted Stock Unit Certificate for awards under 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (filed as exhibit 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on January 13, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference) Form of performance share unit awards letter under 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (filed as exhibit 10.11 to Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 8, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference) Mistras Group Severance Plan as amended (April 2014) (filed as Exhibit 10.12 to Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 8, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference) Description of Compensation for Non-Employee Directors (Fiscal 2015) (filed as exhibit 10.13 to Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 8, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference) Subsidiaries of the Registrant Consent of KPMG LLP Power of Attorney (included as part of the signature page to this report) Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 101.INS*** XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH*** XBRL Schema Document 101.CAL*** XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document 101.LAB XBRL Labels Linkbase Document 101.PRE*** XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document 101.DEF*** XBRL Definition Linkbase Document _______________________ Exhibits 10.3 to 10.14 are management contracts or compensatory plans, contracts, or arrangements. * Filed herewith. ** Furnished herewith. *** Users of this data are advised that, pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 or Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and otherwise are not subject to liability under these sections. 78 Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. /s/ DR. SOTIRIOS J. VAHAVIOLOS MISTRAS GROUP, INC. By: Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Date: August 15, 2016 We, the undersigned directors and officers of Mistras Group, Inc., hereby severally constitute Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos, Jonathan H. Wolk and Michael C. Keefe, and each of them singly, as our true and lawful attorneys with full power to each of them to sign for us, in our names in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10- K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This power of attorney may only be revoked by a written document executed by the undersigned that expressly revokes this power by referring to the date and subject hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director August 15, 2016 /s/ Jonathan H. Wolk Jonathan H. Wolk /s/ James J. Forese James J. Forese /s/ Richard H. Glanton Richard H. Glanton /s/ Nicholas DeBenedictis Nicholas DeBenedictis /s/ Michael J. Lange Michael J. Lange /s/ Manuel N. Stamatakis Manuel N. Stamatakis /s/ W. Curtis Weldon W. Curtis Weldon Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) August 15, 2016 Director Director Director Director Director Director 79 August 15, 2016 August 15, 2016 August 15, 2016 August 15, 2016 August 15, 2016 August 15, 2016 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK STOCK PRICE PERFORMANCE GRAPH The following performance graph compares the performance of our common stock to the Russell 3000 Index and a self-constructed peer group. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on June 1, 2011 in each of our common stock, the Russell 3000 Index and the peer group. The values of each investment are based on share price appreciation, with reinvestment of all dividends, assuming any were paid. For each graph, the investments are assumed to have occurred at the beginning of each period presented. The Company reconstituted some of its peer group due to business combinations and changing industry conditions to enable a more relevant comparison. The following companies are included in the Company’s updated peer group we used in the graph: Aegion Corp, Exponent, Inc., Badger Meter, Inc., CIRCOR International, Inc., Matrix Service Company and Team, Inc. The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. Comparison of 5 Year Cumulative Total Return Assumes Initial Investment of $100 May 2016 180.00 160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Mistras Group, Inc. Russell 3000 Index New Peer Group Old Peer Group Mistras Group, Inc. Russell 3000 Index New Peer Group Old Peer Group Return % Cum $ Return % Cum $ Return % Cum $ Return % Cum $ 2011 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 2012 29.47 129.47 -1.87 98.13 -14.83 85.17 -29.11 70.89 2013 -5.15 122.80 27.89 125.51 38.44 117.91 36.78 96.96 2014 6.45 130.73 20.57 151.32 30.37 153.72 44.06 139.67 2015 -18.67 106.32 11.85 169.26 -11.83 135.54 -30.60 96.94 2016 34.04 142.50 0.22 169.62 8.35 146.86 -10.45 86.81 Peer group index uses beginning-of-period market capitalization weighting. COMPANY AND SHAR EH OL DE R IN FORM AT IO N LEADERSHIP TEAM BOARD OF DIRECTORS ANNUAL MEETING Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer Dennis M. Bertolotti President, Chief Operating Officer Michael J. Lange Vice Chairman; Senior Executive Vice President of Business Development, Marketing & Strategic Planning Jonathan H. Wolk Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Michael C. Keefe Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Mark F. Carlos Executive Vice President, Products & Systems David Thigpen Group Senior Vice President, Oil & Gas Julie Marini Group Vice President of Human Resources Chris Smith Group Vice President Corporate Compliance Udo Klibingat Vice President of German & Benelux Operations Mehdi Batel Vice President EMEA & Australasia STOCK LISTING The Company’s common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “MG”. INVESTOR RELATIONS Dr. Sotirios J. Vahaviolos Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer Nicholas DeBenedictis Chairman and Retired CEO of Aqua America, Inc. James J. Forese Operating Partner and Chief Operating Officer of HCI Equity Partners Richard H. Glanton Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Philadelphia Television Network Michael J. Lange Vice Chairman; Senior Executive Vice President of Business Development, Marketing & Strategic Planning Manuel J. Stamatakis Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Capital Management Enterprises W. Curtis Weldon Former US Congressman 7th District and Founder of Jenkins Hill International The 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held at 5:00 p.m. local time on October 18, 2016, at Corporate Headquarters, 195 Clarksville Rd., Princeton Junction, NJ. CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 195 Clarksville Road Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 www.mistrasgroup.com Tel: 1(609) 716-4000 Fax: 1(609) 716-0706 MEDIA RELATIONS Members of the news media requesting information about MISTRAS Group should visit our online Press Room at mistrasgroup.com/news. For additional information about MISTRAS Group, contact: Nestor S. Makarigakis, Group Director, Marketing Communications, at Corporate Headquarters. SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATION WEB SITE Any interested party wishing to communicate directly with our Board of Directors should write to Michael C. Keefe, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, at Corporate HQ. FORM 10-K The Form 10-K report included in this 2016 annual report has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Additional copies of the Form 10-K as filed with the SEC may be obtained by request from the Company or through the Company’s web site. www.mistrasgroup.com MISTRAS Group’s web site offers financial information and facts about the Company and its products, systems and services. Web site content is available for informational purposes only. It should not be relied upon for investment purposes, nor is it incorporated by reference into this annual report. CUSTOMERS For assistance with MISTRAS Group products, systems and services, call 1(609) 716-4000, or visit the MISTRAS Group website at www.mistrasgroup.com. Additional contact information is listed on our web site at mistrasgroup.com/locations. Security analysts, investors, stockbrokers, portfolio managers and other investors seeking additional information about MISTRAS Group should contact Jonathan H. Wolk, Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer at Corporate Headquarters. TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC. Operations Center 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219 Tel: 1(800) 937-5449, 1(718) 921-8124 One Source for Asset Protection Solutions MISTRAS GROUP, INC. A leading “one source” global provider of technology-enabled asset protection solutions used to evaluate the structural integrity of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure. mistrasgroup.com MG LISTED Scan code with mobile phone for MG Investor Information. 

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