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MVB Financial Corp.

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FY2018 Annual Report · MVB Financial Corp.
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Trusted Partners on the Financial 
Frontier  — Committed to Your Success

Our True Financial North Star
Where we are today in the banking industry is no different. You 
can  do  the  right  thing  for  too  long.  Financial  institutions  that 
focus  solely  on  traditional  banking  will  likely  become  extinct. 
From  online  banking  to  mobile  apps  and  same-day  payments 
to cryptocurrency, fintech is causing major industry disruption. 
MVB is becoming distinct. We are embracing disruption! It’s an 
exciting  time.  You  can  feel  the  energy  building.  2018  was  the 
best year in our history for bank earnings. More opportunities 
exist now than I have ever seen in my 30 years of banking. MVB 
is not going back to the old way. We have become leaders, not 
fast followers.

MVB  has  focused  on  our  true  financial  north  star,  which 
is  earnings  per  share  (EPS)  driven  by  three  major  factors: 
net  interest  margin  (NIM),  net  interest  expense  (NIE),  and 
noninterest income (NII). 

Regarding NIE, our operating expenses were well-contained for  
the  year,  up  just  over  4%  from  the  prior  year  period.  We  are  
continuing  a  long  track  record  of  good  risk  controls  and 
pristine  asset  quality.  The  mortgage  industry  creates  some 
volatility, but we are making progress in adding more consistent  
streams of NII.

Our Higher Purpose
We know our higher purpose is more than solely financial – our 
corporate  culture  also  drives  our  future  success.  To  this  end, 
we  launched  a  culture  initiative  with  our  partner  The  Pacific 
Institute  in  the  fall  of  2018  to  guide  our  transformation  from 
the  inside  out,  touching  Teammates’  hearts  and  minds.  We 
rolled out our new purpose: “Trusted Partners on the Financial 
Frontier  –  Committed  to  Your  Success.”  Our  new  corporate 
values are love, trust, commitment, adaptability, and teamwork. 
As a company, we are purposefully adopting a “Yes, if ” instead 
of  a  “No,  because”  mindset,  which  is  that  of  an  energized, 
innovative start-up business.

Scaling Up
Mindset matters because the banking industry is an arms race 
right  now.  MVB  is  scaling  up.  We  proved  that  our  MVB  3.0 
strategy, with a focus on “blue ocean” opportunities centered on 
our fintech vertical, is making a real impact on our bottom line. 
We are scaling up our fintech operations to take full advantage 
of our unique position to become the preferred bank of fintech 
giving us a competitive edge over slower adopters.

Team  MVB  is  working  to  ensure  our  traditional  banking 
operations  are  lean  and  efficient.  MVB  is  positioned  for 
continued  success  in  2019  with  our  commercial  lending  and 
retail  banking  modernization.  As  MVB’s  footprint  expands 
through  our  fintech  vertical  adding  clients  coast  to  coast,  we 
also celebrated the grand openings of two new banking centers 
in Northern Virginia in 2018. Our five FTE call center manages 
17 personal touch Interactive Teller Machines (ITMs) at seven 
banking  centers  to  provide  extended  hours  of  operation  for  
our clients. 

Technology  has  always  been  a  disruptive  force  that  pushes 
our  world  into  new  frontiers.  In  the  transportation  industry, 
airplanes outpaced travel by train. In New York City, rideshare 
services  like  Uber  are  quickly  replacing  taxis.  You  can  do  the 
right thing for too long. When you become comfortable with the 
status  quo  and  do  not  modernize  with  the  technology-driven 
transformation  around  you,  you  can  become  extinct.  Survival 
and  thriving  mean  finding  ways  to  embrace  disruption  and 
transform from the inside out.

Distinct Not Extinct
Part  of  the  vaudeville  circuit,  the  Robinson  Grand  Theater 
opened in 1913 in Clarksburg, West Virginia. By the late 1920s, 
motion  pictures  had  become  center  stage,  and  the  Robinson 
Grand operated as a movie theater and a community stage for 
local productions through the 1980s. Growing up in Clarksburg, 
I have many fond memories of watching movies there. As large 
movie  multiplexes  grew  in  popularity,  usage  of  the  Robinson 
Grand  declined  until  its  doors  closed,  and  the  building  sat 
vacant  for  a  decade.  The  Robinson  Grand  did  not  modernize 
to keep pace with technology. This is an example of doing the 
right thing for too long—however, I’m glad to say this story has 
a happy ending.

In  2014  the  City  of  Clarksburg  acquired  the  building  and 
initiated  a  $15  million  project  to  renovate  and  restore  the 
Robinson Grand Performing Arts Center. MVB helped the City 
of  Clarksburg  secure  New  Market  and  Historical  Tax  Credits 
that provided a net gain of more than $6.5 million for the project. 
MVB assisted with bond anticipation notes and provided a loan 
of $15 million. This shows MVB’s entrepreneurial spirit and its 
commitment to lending locally. As a trusted partner committed 
to this project’s success, MVB also donated $75,000 toward the 
historic landmark’s restoration. The grand opening of the jewel of 
Clarksburg’s Central Business District attracted a sold-out crowd 
for  Jay  Leno  in  October  2018.  The  Robinson  Grand  became 
distinct  instead  of  extinct  and  continues  to  do  so  profitably,  
exceeding expectations.

 
MVB  Bank  hosted  a  Grand  Opening  Celebration  for  its  new  Northern  Virginia 
regional corporate suite and banking center near Reston Town Center on October 
15, 2018. MVB’s new McLean banking center was celebrated on November 13, 2018.

MVB Mortgage continues to be profitable, while may others 
in  this  industry  are  seeing  losses.  Mortgage  leadership  has 
been  diligent  in  reducing  costs  and  leveraging  experienced, 
quality talent. Mortgage brings additional client business to 
the bank through productive referrals.

Attitude of Gratitude
Through this transformative journey on the financial frontier, 
it’s  our  values  that  make  the  difference.  As  we  build  our 
culture across the company, the buzz continues to build that 
MVB is a great place to work, a place where you can make a 
difference. We are grateful to invest our time and resources to 
make our communities better places to live.

I  am  thankful  for  our  Board  of  Directors  and  Teammates 
who  share  their  time  and  remain  committed  to  making 
MVB  the  best  it  can  be  with  a  focus  on  a  solid  return  to  
our shareholders. 

Thank you for believing in our purpose and allowing MVB to 
be your trusted partner. As always, please feel free to contact 
me directly with comments or questions, including ways we 
can  assist  you  or  someone  you  know  with  your  banking  or 
mortgage needs.

I N   M E M O R I A M :
Stephen R. Brooks

Chairman, Family Man, and Friend

Stephen  R.  Brooks,  Chairman  of  the  MVB  Financial  Corp. 
Board of Directors, passed away August 9, 2018. This was a 
great loss to our MVB family and to many of us who knew 
Steve personally for many years. 

Steve was a man who loved his family and adored his wife, 
Kathy. Steve had served as Chairman of the MVB Financial 
Corp. Board of Directors since December 19, 2013, and was 
one of MVB’s Founding Directors in 1999. 

“I am grateful for Steve’s dedication to 
MVB over the years and his leadership 
in MVB’s growth journey.” 
Larry F. Mazza, CEO and President 

Steve  also  served  as  an  attorney  for  Flaherty  Sensabaugh 
Bonasso. Not only was he a great attorney and businessman, 
but  he  also  was  an  extraordinary  person  who  served  his 
community.  He  will  be  missed  as  a  colleague,  friend,  and 
member of the MVB family.

03

Only the best, 

Larry F. Mazza, President & CEO, 
MVB Financial Corp. and MVB Bank

On March 28, 2018, Steve and Kathy Brooks celebrated The Nasdaq Closing 
Bell Ringing with the MVB Board of Directors and Senior Leadership Team 
at The Nasdaq MarketSite Studio in Times Square. MVB started trading on 
The Nasdaq in December 2017.

04

RAISING 
SPIRITS

White Sulphur Springs’ new 
cooperage will provide economic 
opportunity after 2016 floods

Construction  has  officially  begun  on  a  whiskey  barrel 
manufacturing  facility—a  cooperage—in  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  West  Virginia.  But  the  $30  million  project  seeks 
to do more than merely make barrels. After the devastating 
floods that ravaged the area in June 2016 and claimed over 
20 lives, the West Virginia Great Barrel Co. and MVB hope 
the  cooperage  will  act  as  an  economic  driver  to  a  region 
still in recovery. 

“A lot of houses that were destroyed belonged to families 
who’d  lived  in  them  for  three  or  four  generations,”  said 
Tom  Crabtree,  an  architect  who  helped  kickstart  the 
project. “Their homes were simply washed away, and they 
had nothing left.”  

White  Sulphur  Springs  is  home  to  The  Greenbrier,  a 
235-year-old luxury resort and second home to numerous 
affluent  visitors  from  across  the  country.  Crabtree,  the 
investors,  and  their  network  raised  $3.5  million  in  the 
wake  of  the  flood  to  rebuild  the  flooded  area  and  assist 
displaced  residents,  ultimately  creating  a  unique  housing 
development known as Hope Village. 

“Then, that philanthropic network of people sat back and 
said, ‘Now what are these folks going to do for income?’” 
Crabtree said.  

One member of the group had experience in the distillery 
business  and  realized  that  there  is  a  dramatic  shortage 
of  whiskey  barrels  within  the  whiskey  industry.  To 
distill  bourbon  whiskey,  each  barrel  must  be  made  from 
American White Oak and can only be used once.  

Crabtree  and  other  Greenbrier  frequenters  formed  a 
development team and used their collective networks to raise 
more than $13 million from investors, while MVB contributed 
a total of $12.3 million to a new project—the West Virginia 
Great  Barrel  Company.  MVB  provided  a  bridge  loan  of  $6 
million that will be replaced with an Economic Development 
Authority loan, in addition to a $6.3 million equipment loan 
to the barrel company.  

Already,  the  construction  of  the  facility  has  created  80  jobs 
lasting  through  spring  2019,  with  production  of  the  barrels 
set to begin later in the year. At the onset, the cooperage will 
hire around 50 people and will produce over 180,000 barrels 
per year, but in the future, it plans to expand its staff with an 
eye on doubling its production rate. 

The cooperage is a unique project for a bank of MVB’s size 
and  a  notable  win  for  the  bank’s  Community  Development 
Corporation.  MVB  has  often  played  an  ancillary  role  in 
similar projects, but with the creation of the CDC, it can now 
participate  more  directly  in  even  more  innovative  lending 
and investing opportunities and use its expertise in leveraging 
New Market Tax Credits. 

“This is exactly the type of project MVB 
wants to be involved with—a project where 
we, as a bank, can use our professional 
expertise to empower people to do good on 
a grassroots level.”  
Herman DeProspero, MVB Bank North Market President and 
MVB CDC President

BUILDING THE 
NEXT GENERATION

MVB  Bank  commercial  loan  processing  administrator 
Leota  Shillingburg  presents  Gerrardstown  Elementary 
School representatives Jennifer Wolf, Cheryl Brooke, and 
Melissa  Hollen  with  a  Berkeley  County  School  Business 
Partnership  grant  award.  Each  year,  MVB  Bank  pays  the 
annual dues for four partner schools, helping provide local 
students with project funding and scholarship awards.

05

Historic funding project mirrors 
Clarksburg’s citywide revitalization

For about a century, the Robinson Grand Theater thrived in the 
heart of Clarksburg’s downtown and served as the epicenter 
of the North Central West Virginia city’s arts, entertainment, 
and performance scene. Over time, usage waned as necessary 
renovations  went  undone,  and  the  theater  closed  its  doors  
in 2004.

A  decade  later,  the  City  of  Clarksburg  acquired  the  vacant 
facility  and  began  laying  the  groundwork  to  resurrect  the 
storied theater. City leaders and residents hoped the Robinson 
Grand  would  once  again  become  a  landmark  destination 
property within the Central Business District. But first, there 
was the question of financing—a huge, complex undertaking 
only made possible through a partnership with MVB Bank.

“MVB  Bank  assisted  and  supported  the  overall  project 
in  so  many  ways,”  said  Clarksburg  City  Manager  Martin 
Howe.  “MVB  Bank’s  management  team  vetted  the  project 
thoroughly  before  submitting  the  financing  terms.  The 
leadership  of  Larry  Mazza  and  Herman  DeProspero  was 
very crucial, as they could see the vision the city had on this 
project and could recognize the minimal risk and exposure 
of this complex financial package that was being brought to 
them to review.”

MVB  support  included  a  sizable  contribution  to  the  new 
Robinson Grand Performing Arts Center’s $2 million capital 
campaign—a testimonial to MVB’s strong, healthy business 
relationship  with  the  City  of  Clarksburg.  The  contribution 
is  highlighted  on  both  the  Robinson  Grand’s  donor  wall 
and  in  the  naming  rights  to  the  theater’s  renovated  North 
Concessions Area. 

“The  City  of  Clarksburg  has  been  a  long-time  customer  of 
MVB Bank,” said DeProspero, MVB North Market President. 

“This  revitalization  effort  has  provided  a  location  for 
community  events,  cultural  events,  opportunities  for  the 
arts, and arts education.”

“MVB has played an instrumental  
role in our restoration and renovation.  
Not only have they been vital partners 
in securing financing, they have also 
contributed very graciously to our 
capital campaign.” 
Ryan Tolley, Robinson Grand PAC Executive Director

“We  view  this  sponsorship  as  not  just  a  contribution  to 
the theater,” he continued, “but also a contribution to the 
regional community and all the benefits it will allow us to 
provide for years to come.”

A  new  heyday  has  arrived  in  Clarksburg.  The  theater  is 
packed,  with  guests  coming  from  around  the  region  to 
enjoy  one-of-a-kind  experiences,  including  local  theater 
and performances from celebrated international recording 
artists. The City has also committed to providing school-
based  educational  programs  for  its  residents—exposing 
them  to  artistic  and  cultural  experiences  that  leave  a 
lasting impression.

“The collective sum is almost overwhelming,” Tolley said. 
“Historic  preservation,  economic  development,  cultural 
events,  arts  and  entertainment,  community  theater,  and 
the  ability  to  assist  various  non-profits  and  community 
initiatives are just a few benefits that we can offer. 

“MVB keenly recognizes these opportunities and sees how 
they  align  with  the  bank’s  goals,”  he  continued.  “We  are 
so greatly appreciative of MVB’s partnership and support  
of this project.”

HELPING THE HOMELESS
Home4Good partnership nets $291,000 for local agencies

06

“MVB  was  glad  to  partner  with  organizations  serving  those  in 
need  and  preventing  homelessness  throughout  West  Virginia, 
but we had a special focus on Kanawha County and Charleston,” 
said  Laura  Rye,  Community  Reinvestment  Act  Officer  for 
MVB.  “Working  with  Traci  Strickland  at  the  Kanawha  Valley 
Collective, we identified numerous projects that met the targeted  
purpose of Home4Good.”

“It’s our great pleasure to be connected 
with organizations that do such good work 
to provide all people with the most basic 
elements of life with dignity and grace.”  
Laura Rye, Community Reinvestment Act Officer

Home4Good  helps  those  who  are  homeless  or  at  risk  of 
homelessness  by  financially  supporting  local  homeless  service 
organizations  focused  on  prevention  and  innovative  solutions. 
Visit fhlb-pgh.com/home4good for more information.

In  the  fight  against  homelessness,  there  is  a  desperate  need 
for  funding  that  can  be  used  creatively—without  red  tape.  
To  meet  that  need,  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  Pittsburgh 
(FHLBank  Pittsburgh),  in  partnership  with  the  West  Virginia 
Housing  Development  Fund,  awarded  six  Home4Good  grants 
in December 2018 to agencies fighting homelessness in Kanawha 
County, West Virginia—all made possible through partnerships 
with MVB Bank and another FHLBank member institution.

THE COVENANT HOUSE
A day shelter awarded $36,000 for homelessness prevention.

THE KANAWHA VALLEY COLLECTIVE
A grassroots Continuum of Care (COC) agency, was awarded 
$60,000 for service expansion, HMIS oversight and flex funds, 
and $13,881 for Continuum of Care administration.

PRESTERA CENTER
Serves over 20,000 West Virginians by providing behavioral 
health and addiction recovery, was awarded $50,000 to put 
toward its street outreach efforts.

REA OF HOPE
Received $65,000 for its fellowship home to help homeless 
women in early recovery.

THE ROARK-SULLIVAN LIFEWAY CENTER
Awarded $30,000 to provide transitional living services for 
homeless veterans.

YWCA SOJOURNER’S SHELTER FOR HOMELESS 
WOMEN AND FAMILIES
Awarded $36,621 to continue offering 24/7/365 shelter and direct 
support services to those in need.

From  left  to  right  are  Eric  Voiers  of  the  Roark-Sullivan  Lifeway  Center,  Margaret 
O’Neal of United Way representing the Kanawha Valley Collective, Traci Strickland 
of Prestera Center, George Gannon of the WV Housing Development Fund, Marie 
Beavers of Rea of Hope, MVB Bank South Market President Jarrod Furgason, Elaine 
Secrist of Rea of Hope, Margaret Taylor of YWCA Sojourner’s Shelter for Homeless 
Women and Families, and David Bennett of Covenant House.

MORE THAN WORDS CAN SAY
Relationship banker goes the extra mile to connect with client
When Ibrahim Piracha reached out to MVB Relationship 
Banker Taylor Lawrimore to learn more about MVB, the 
lines of communication were wide open. Every prospect 
conversation  is  unique,  but  this  one  was  a  little  more 
unique than others. Ibby—as he’s known to friends and 
family—is deaf. 

and  you’re  trying  to  communicate  with 
them as best you can. That’s what it’s like 
to be deaf.”

Ibby  and  Taylor  first  met  in  high  school,  where  they 
would  talk  at  lunch  using  American  Sign  Language 
(ASL), a language in which Ibby was fluent but one that 
Taylor had only studied for a year. 

Taylor graduated from Randolph College last spring and 
began  working  at  MVB’s  Leesburg,  Virginia,  branch.  A 
few  months  later,  Ibby  reached  out  to  Taylor  through 
Facebook,  with  questions  about  MVB.  The  friends 
chatted online, giving Lawrimore an opportunity to share 
how MVB was different from other banks in the region. 

A few weeks later, Ibby and his wife, Katherine, came into 
the Leesburg branch to open their account. 

So, Lawrimore decided to crack open her 
old high school textbook to relearn what 
she’d  forgotten  and  continue  to  develop 
her ASL abilities. It was difficult to pick up 
after a four-year hiatus, but things began 
to come back quickly. 

“I  really  wanted  to  learn  ASL  for  Ibby 
and  all  deaf  individuals,  because  I  can 
understand  what  it  is  like  to  be  left  out 
of a conversation; it feels uncomfortable,” 
Lawrimore said. 

It  also  comes  down  to  wanting  to  help 
people,  Lawrimore  said,  because  her  job 
as  a  relationship  banker  is  to  make  her 
clients’ banking lives easier.

“We communicated with each other by writing notes back 
and forth on a notepad,” Lawrimore said. “Imagine being 
in a room full of people who speak a different language 

“It  also  might  be  a  little  naive  of  me  to 
believe  this,  but  our  job  as  humans  is  to 
help each other,” she said.

07

Lisa Mathews, Sabraton Banking Center Manager, and Tina Spangler, Treasury Services Officer, volunteer with the Deckers Court Habitat for Humanity build in Monongalia County.

MVB empowers Habitat for Humanity 
branches across West Virginia

MVB’s partnership with the Mon Valley, West Virginia, branch of 
Habitat for Humanity began with a chance human reconnection. 

In 2014, HFH Executive Director Shawnda Cook dropped her dog 
off at her veterinarian’s office, which was in the midst of building a 
new facility. She noticed two familiar faces on a sign announcing the 
future construction. 

“I recognized Chuck Myden, who used to be my relationship banker, 
and  Herman  DeProspero,  who  went  to  school  with  my  brother,” 
she  said.  “I  just  called  them  up.  It  was  really  easy  to  reconnect  
with them.” 

Founded in 1990, the Mon Valley Habitat for Humanity office serves 
Monongalia County, West Virginia. Until its partnership with MVB, 
the organization completed a new home in around 18 months on 
average.  Now,  it  completes  four  or  five  in  a  single  year.  Last  year, 
Mon  Valley  Habitat  for  Humanity  expanded  to  serve  Marion  and 
Preston counties.  

“We couldn’t have done this without 
access to the funding that MVB provides. 
We’ve had some relationships with banks 
in the past, but our partnership with MVB 
has enabled us to do so much more.”  
Shawnda Cook, Habitat for Humanity Executive Director

MVB created a financing program that could be templated in any 
MVB market with a Habitat for Humanity affiliate. Other Habitat 
for  Humanity  branches  throughout  West  Virginia  have  formed 
partnerships  with  their  own  local  MVB  banking  centers.  MVB 
provides  the  organization  with  up-front  funding  for  Habitat’s 
construction loans, while also working as Habitat’s member bank 
for the FHLBank Pittsburgh. 

This  membership  allows  Habitat  for  Humanity  to  obtain  grant 
money, which is used to pay off the construction loan once a home 
is complete. Any surplus of grant dollars goes toward furthering 
Habitat for Humanity’s mission. 

But Team MVB members aren’t afraid to roll up their sleeves, too. 
Every year, the bank holds Team MVB Cares Week, during which 
every  banking  center  picks  a  different  charity  to  volunteer  with 
each day of the week. Helping out on a build is always a highlight. 

Since its inception, Mon Valley Habitat for Humanity has built 57 
homes  and  provided  232  people  with  affordable  housing.  It  also 
operates  a  second-hand  store  that  offers  gently  used  furniture, 
building materials, and other donations to those in need.  

“Habitat builds are fun,” said Herman DeProspero. “You could be 
putting up walls or installing a roof. There’s a sense of camaraderie 
when  you’re  working  outside  the  office.  We  couldn’t  be  more 
proud to help Habitat for Humanity’s cause.” 

MVB FINANCIAL CORP.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

DAVID B. ALVAREZ
Interim Chairman
Owner & CEO, Energy Transportation, LLC & Applied Construction Solutions

JAMES J. CAVA JR.
Managing Member, Cava & Banko, PLLC, Certified Public Accountants
CFO, Ryan Environmental & Ryan Environmental Transport, LLC

HARRY EDWARD DEAN III
CEO, Potomac Mortgage Group (dba MVB Mortgage), a wholly owned subsidiary of  
MVB Bank

JOHN W. EBERT
President, J.W. Ebert Corporation, a McDonald’s Restaurant franchise

DANIEL W. HOLT
Co-Founder & CEO of BillGO

GARY A. LEDONNE
Executive in Residence & Master of Professional Accountancy Program Coordinator,  
John Chambers College of Business and Economics of West Virginia University

LARRY F. MAZZA
President & CEO, MVB Financial Corp. and MVB Bank

DR. KELLY R. NELSON
Physician

J. CHRISTOPHER PALLOTTA
Director, Bond Insurance Agency, Inc.

SHAREHOLDER & 
COMPANY INFORMATION

SHAREHOLDERS MEETING
The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of MVB Financial Corp. (MVB) will be held at 9:00 
a.m. May 21, 2019, at the MVB Reston Office, 12100 Sunset Hills Road, Reston, VA 20190. 
This meeting is for the purpose of considering and voting upon certain proposals. Only those 
shareholders of record at the close of business on March 27, 2019, shall be entitled to notice 
of the meeting and to vote at the meeting.

TRANSFER AGENT & SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
The corporation’s transfer agent is Computershare. Inquiries concerning transfer 
requirements, lost certificates, and change of address should be directed to:
Computershare
462 South 4th Street
Louisville, KY 40202
www.computershare.com

ALL OTHER INQUIRIES
Investor inquiries to the company should be directed to:
Marcie Lipscomb
304.285.0020
mlipscomb@mvbbanking.com

ALL OTHER INQUIRIES ABOUT THE COMPANY SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO:
MVB Financial Corp.
Attn: Investor Relations
301 Virginia Avenue
Fairmont, WV 26554
844-MVB-BANK (844-682-2265)

FORM 10-K
A copy of the MVB Financial Corp. Form 10-K for 2018, which has been filed with the SEC, 
is available without attachments at no charge upon written request and is also available at 
http://ir.mvbbanking.com.  
Inquiries should be directed to the Investor Relations contact above.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED ACCOUNTING FIRM
Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP
809 Glen Eagles Court, Suite 200
Baltimore, MD 21286

STOCK MARKET LISTING
MVB Financial Corp. stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol: 
MVBF.

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018
or

1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________.

Commission file Number 34603-9

MVB Financial Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

West Virginia

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

301 Virginia Avenue, Fairmont, WV

(Address of principal executive offices)

20-0034461

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

26554

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (304) 363-4800

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) [None]

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Common Stock, $1.00 Par

Name of each exchange on
which registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes 

 No 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) Act.  Yes 

 No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the 
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the 
past 90 days.  Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation 
S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes 

 No 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of 
the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this 
Form 10-K.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging 
growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” “emerging growth company” and  in 
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or 
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes 

  No 

Based upon the average selling price of sales known to the registrant of the common shares of the registrant during the period through June 30, 2018, the 
aggregate market value of the common shares of the registrant held by non-affiliates during that time was $182,228,540. For this purpose, certain executive 
officers and directors are considered affiliates.

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 21, 2019, are incorporated by reference into 
Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As of March 7, 2019, the registrant had 11,607,293 shares of common stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PART I

Item 1.

Business

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2.

Properties

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

PART II

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Item 9B.

Other Information

PART III

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14.

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Item 16.

Form 10-K Summary

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27

27

28

29

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33

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58

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114

118

118

118

118

118

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Corporate Overview

PART I

MVB Financial Corp. (“the Company”) is a financial holding company and was organized in 2003. MVB operates principally through 
its wholly-owned subsidiary, MVB Bank, Inc. (“MVB Bank”). MVB Bank’s operating subsidiaries include MVB Mortgage, MVB 
Insurance, LLC (“MVB Insurance”), and MVB Community Development Corporation (“CDC”).

MVB Bank was chartered in 1997 and commenced operations in 1999. 

In 2012, MVB Bank acquired Potomac Mortgage Group, Inc. (“PMG” which began doing business under the registered trade name 
“MVB  Mortgage”),  a  mortgage  company  in  the  northern Virginia  area,  and  fifty  percent  (50%)  interest  in  a  mortgage  services 
company, Lender Service Provider, LLC (“LSP”). In 2013, this fifty percent interest (50%) in LSP was reduced to a twenty-five 
percent (25%) interest and in 2017, a forfeiture of a partial interest occurred, which increased the interest owned to thirty-three 
percent (33%). At this time, LSP began doing business as Lenderworks. 

MVB Insurance was originally formed in 2000. In 2013, MVB Insurance became a direct subsidiary of the Company. In 2016, the 
Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with USI Insurance Services (“USI”), in which USI purchased substantially all 
of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of MVB Insurance, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $6.9 million and was reported in 
discontinued operations. MVB Insurance retained the assets related to, and continues to operate, its title insurance business, which 
is immaterial in terms of revenue. The Company reorganized MVB Insurance as a subsidiary of the Bank in 2016.

MVB CDC was formed in 2017 and was created as a means to provide opportunities for loans and investments that help to increase 
access to equity capital in under-served urban and rural areas of West Virginia and our market areas in Virginia. MVB CDC promotes 
specific bank-driven economic development strategies, provides for effective support for its CRA compliance strategy, and helps to 
support positive local reputation of the Bank through marketing and visible activities in the communities where we live and work.

Business Overview

The Company’s primary business activities, through its subsidiaries, are primarily community banking and mortgage banking. The 
Bank offers its customers a full range of products and services including:

•  Various demand deposit accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit;
•  Commercial, consumer, and real estate mortgage loans and lines of credit;
•  Debit cards;
•  Cashier’s checks;
• 
Safe deposit rental facilities; and
•  Non-deposit investment services.

The Company is also involved in new innovative strategies to provide independent banking to corporate clients throughout the United 
States by leveraging recent investments in Fintech.

The Bank’s financial products and services are offered through its financial service locations and automated teller machines (“ATMs”) 
in West Virginia and Virginia, as well as telephone and internet-based banking through both personal computers and mobile devices. 
Non-deposit investment services are offered through an association with a broker-dealer. 

Since its opening in 1999, the Bank has experienced significant growth in assets, loans, and deposits due to strong community and 
customer support in Marion and Harrison counties in West Virginia, expansion into Jefferson, Berkeley, Monongalia, and Kanawha 
counties in West Virginia and, most recently, into Fairfax and Loudoun counties in Virginia. Since the acquisition of PMG, mortgage 
banking is now a much more significant focus, which has opened increased market opportunities in the Washington, DC metropolitan 
region and added enough volume to further diversify the Company’s revenue stream.

The  Company’s  business  activities include  three  reportable  segments:  commercial and  retail  banking,  mortgage  banking,  and  a 
financial holding company. For a discussion of each of these reporting segments, please see Note 21, “Segment Reporting” of the 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K.

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Primary Market Area and Customers

The Company considers its primary market area to be comprised of those counties where it has a physical branch presence and their 
contiguous counties. This includes Marion, Harrison, Jefferson, Berkeley, Monongalia, and Kanawha counties of West Virginia and 
Fairfax and Loudoun counties of Virginia. The Bank currently operates a total of fifteen full-service banking branches: twelve in 
West Virginia and three in Virginia. MVB Mortgage operates eleven mortgage-only offices, located in Virginia, within the Washington, 
DC metropolitan area, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina. In addition, MVB Mortgage has mortgage loan originators 
located at select Bank locations throughout West Virginia.  

The Company originates various types of loans, including commercial and commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans, 
home equity lines of credit, real estate construction loans, and consumer loans (loans to individuals). In general, the Company retains 
most of its originated loans (exclusive of long-term, fixed rate residential mortgages that are sold). However, loans originated in 
excess of the Bank’s legal lending limit are participated to other banking institutions and the servicing of those loans is retained by 
the Bank.

The current economic climate in the Company’s primary market areas reflect economic climates that are consistent with the general 
national climate. Unemployment in the United States was 3.7%, 3.9% and 4.5% in December 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. 
The unemployment levels in the Company’s primary market areas were as follows for the periods indicated:

Berkeley County, WV

Harrison County, WV

Jefferson County, WV

Marion County, WV

Monongalia County, WV

Kanawha County, WV

Fairfax County, VA

Loudoun County, VA

Segment Reporting

December 2018

December 2017 December 2016

3.5%

4.3%

3.0%

4.9%

3.7%

4.5%

2.1%

2.1%

3.6%

4.6%

3.0%

5.4%

3.5%

5.1%

2.6%

2.7%

3.0%

4.9%

2.6%

5.1%

3.3%

4.7%

3.0%

3.0%

The Company has identified three reportable segments: commercial and retail banking; mortgage banking; and financial holding 
company. Insurance services was previously identified as a reportable segment until entering into the Asset Purchase Agreement 
with USI, as discussed above and in Note 22, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Revenue from commercial 
and retail banking activities consists primarily of interest earned on loans and investment securities and service charges on deposit 
accounts. Revenue from financial holding company activities is mainly comprised of intercompany service income and dividends.

Revenue from the mortgage banking activities is comprised of interest earned on loans and fees received as a result of the mortgage 
origination process. The mortgage banking services are conducted by MVB Mortgage. Revenue from insurance services is comprised 
mainly of commissions on the sale of insurance products. None of the insurance services activity is included in continuing operations 
due to the sale, as discussed below and in Note 22, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

For more information about each of the Company’s reportable segments, please refer to Note 21, “Segment Reporting” of the Notes 
to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K.

Commercial Loans

At  December 31,  2018,  the  Bank  had  outstanding  approximately  $941.0  million  in  commercial  loans,  including  commercial, 
commercial real estate, financial and agricultural loans. These loans represented approximately 72.2% of the total aggregate loan 
portfolio as of that date.

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Lending Practices. Commercial lending entails significant additional risks as compared with consumer lending (i.e., single-family 
residential mortgage lending, and installment lending). In addition, the payment experience on commercial loans typically depends 
on adequate cash flow of a business and thus may be subject, to a greater extent, to adverse conditions in the general economy or in 
a specific industry. Loan terms include amortization schedules commensurate with the purpose of each loan, the source of repayment 
and the risk involved. The primary analysis technique used in determining whether to grant a commercial loan is the review of a 
schedule of estimated cash flows to evaluate whether anticipated future cash flows will be adequate to service both interest and 
principal due. In addition, the Bank reviews collateral to determine its value in relation to the loan in the event of a foreclosure.

The Bank evaluates all new commercial loans and the Credit Department facilitates an annual loan review process that ensures that 
a significant portion of the commercial loan portfolio, typically a minimum of 50%, is reviewed each year under a risk-based approach. 
If deterioration in credit worthiness has occurred, the Bank takes prompt action designed to assure repayment of the loan. Upon 
detection of the reduced ability of a borrower to meet original cash flow obligations, the loan is considered a classified loan and 
reviewed for possible downgrading or placement on non-accrual status.

Consumer Loans

At  December 31,  2018,  the  Bank  had  outstanding  consumer  loans  in  an  aggregate  amount  of  approximately  $9.6  million  or 
approximately 0.7% of the aggregate total loan portfolio.

Lending Practices: Consumer loans generally involve more risk as to collectability than mortgage loans because of the type and 
nature of the collateral and, in certain instances, the absence of collateral. As a result, consumer lending collections are dependent 
upon the borrower’s continued financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by employment loss, personal 
bankruptcy, or adverse economic conditions. Credit approval for consumer loans requires demonstration of sufficiency of income 
to repay principal and interest due, stability of employment, a positive credit record and sufficient collateral for secured loans. It is 
the policy of the Bank to review its consumer loan portfolio monthly and to charge-off loans that do not meet its standards and to 
adhere strictly to all laws and regulations governing consumer lending.

Real Estate Loans

At December 31, 2018, the Bank had approximately $353.9 million of residential real estate loans, home equity lines of credit, and 
construction mortgages outstanding, representing 27.1% of total loans outstanding.

Lending Practices: The Bank generally requires that the residential real estate loan amount be no more than 80% of the purchase 
price or the appraised value of the real estate securing the loan, unless the borrower obtains private mortgage insurance for the 
percentage exceeding 80%. Occasionally, the Bank may lend up to 100% of the appraised value of the real estate. Loans made in 
this lending category are generally one to ten-year adjustable rate, fully amortizing to maturity mortgages. MVB Bank also originates 
fixed rate real estate loans and generally sells these loans in the secondary market. Most real estate loans are secured by first mortgages 
with evidence of title in favor of the Bank in the form of an attorney’s opinion of the title or a title insurance policy. MVB Bank also 
requires proof of hazard insurance with the Bank named as the mortgagee and as the loss payee. Full appraisals are obtained from 
licensed appraisers for the majority of loans secured by real estate.

Home Equity Loans: Home equity lines of credit are generally made as second mortgages by MVB Bank. The maximum amount 
of a home equity line of credit is generally limited to 80% of the appraised value of the property less the balance of the first mortgage. 
The Bank will lend up to 89.9% of the appraised value of the property at higher interest rates which are considered compatible with 
the additional risk assumed in these types of loans. The home equity lines of credit are written with 10 year terms, but are subject to 
review upon request for renewal.

Construction Loans:  Construction financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk of loss than long-term 
financing on improved, occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial 
estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction and the estimated cost (including interest) of construction. If the 
estimate of construction cost proves to be inaccurate, MVB may advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit 
completion of the project. Also, note that with respect to construction loans, the Bank generally makes loans to the homeowner and 
not to builders. At December 31, 2018, residential mortgage construction loans to individuals totaled approximately $93.2 million
with an average life of 8 months and are generally refinanced to a permanent loan upon completion of the construction.

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Competition

The Company experiences significant competition in attracting depositors and borrowers. Competition in lending activities comes 
principally from other commercial banks, savings associations, insurance companies, governmental agencies, credit unions, brokerage 
firms and pension funds. The primary factors in competing for loans are interest rate and overall lending services. Competition for 
deposits comes from other commercial banks, savings associations, money market funds and credit unions as well as from insurance 
companies and brokerage firms. The primary factors in competing for deposits are interest rates paid on deposits, account liquidity, 
convenience of office location and overall financial condition. The Company believes that its community approach provides flexibility, 
which enables the Bank to offer an array of banking products and services. MVB Mortgage faces significant competition from both 
traditional financial institutions and other national and local mortgage banking operations.

The Company primarily focuses on the Marion, Harrison, Jefferson, Berkeley, Monongalia and Kanawha County markets in West 
Virginia and the northern Virginia area for its products and services. Management believes it has developed a level of expertise in 
serving this area.

The Company operates under a “needs-based” selling approach that management believes has proven successful in serving the 
financial needs of most customers. It is not the Company’s strategy to compete solely on the basis of interest rates. Management 
believes that a focus on customer relationships and service will promote our customers’ continued use of our financial products and 
services and will lead to enhanced revenue opportunities.

Supervision and Regulation

The Company, the Bank and its subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation under federal and state laws. The Company’s earnings 
are affected by general economic conditions, management policies, changes in state and federal laws and regulations and actions of 
various regulatory authorities, including those referred to in this section. The following discussion describes elements of an extensive 
regulatory  framework  applicable  to  bank  holding  companies,  financial  holding  companies,  and  banks  and  contains  specific 
information about the Company. Regulation of banks, bank holding companies, and financial holding companies is intended primarily 
for the protection of depositors, the insurance fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and the stability of the 
financial system, rather than for the protection of shareholders and creditors.

In addition to banking laws, regulations and regulatory agencies, the Company is subject to various other laws, regulations, supervision 
and examination by other regulatory agencies, all of which directly or indirectly affect the operations and management of the Company 
and its ability to make distributions to shareholders. State and federal law govern the activities in which the Bank engages, the 
investments it makes, and the aggregate amount of loans that may be granted to one borrower. Various consumer and compliance 
laws and regulations also affect the Company’s operations.

The following discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the statutes, regulations and policies that are 
described. Such statutes, regulations and policies are continually under review by Congress and state legislatures and federal and 
state regulatory agencies. The likelihood and timing of any such changes and the impact such changes may have on the Company 
is impossible to determine with any certainty. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to the Company and 
its subsidiary could have a material effect on our business, financial condition or our results of operations.

Financial Regulatory Reform

During the past several years, there has been a significant increase in regulation and regulatory oversight for U.S. financial services 
firms, primarily resulting from the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank 
Act”) in 2010. The Dodd-Frank Act is extensive, complicated, and comprehensive legislation that impacts practically all aspects of 
a banking organization, representing a significant overhaul of many aspects of the regulation of the financial services industry. The 
Dodd-Frank Act implements numerous and far-reaching changes that affect financial companies, including banks, bank holding 
companies, and financial holding companies such  as the Company. The  Dodd-Frank Act imposes new prudential regulation on 
depository institutions and their holding companies. As such, the Company is subject to more stringent standards and requirements 
with respect to (1) bank and nonbank acquisitions and mergers, (2) the “financial activities” in which it engages as a financial holding 
company, (3) affiliate transactions and (4) proprietary trading, among other provisions. 

On May 24, 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 (the “EGRRCPA”) was enacted, 
which  repeals  or  modifies  certain  provisions  of  the  Dodd-Frank Act  and  eases  regulations  on  all  but  the  largest  banks.  These 
modifications  include,  among  other  changes:  (i)  exempting  banks  with  less  than  $10  billion  in  assets  from  the  ability-to-repay 
requirements for certain qualified residential mortgage loans held in portfolio; (ii) not require appraisals for certain transactions 

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valued at less than $400,000 in rural areas; (iii) exempt banks that originate fewer than 500 open-end and 500 closed-end mortgages 
from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act’s expanded data disclosures; (iv) clarify that, subject to various conditions, reciprocal 
deposits of another depository institution obtained using a deposit broker through a deposit placement network for purposes of 
obtaining maximum deposit insurance would not be considered brokered deposits subject to the FDIC’s brokered-deposit regulations; 
(v) raise eligibility for the 18-month exam cycle from $1 billion to banks with $3 billion in assets; and (vi) simplify capital calculations 
by requiring regulators to establish for institutions under $10 billion in assets a community bank leverage ratio (tangible equity to 
average consolidated assets) at a percentage not less than 8% and not greater than 10% that upon the election of a bank would replace 
the risk-based capital requirements.  In addition, the Federal Reserve Board was required to raise the asset threshold under its Small 
Bank Holding Company Policy Statement from $1 billion to $3 billion for bank holding companies that are exempt from consolidated 
capital requirements, provided that such companies meet certain other conditions such as not engaging in significant nonbanking 
activities. 

Certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and other laws, such as the EGRRCPA, are subject to further rulemaking, guidance and 
interpretation by the applicable federal regulators. New regulations and statutes are regularly proposed and/or adopted that contain 
wide-ranging proposals for altering the structures, regulations and competitive relationships of financial institutions operating and 
doing business in the United States. Changes in leadership at various federal banking agencies, including the Federal Reserve, can 
also change the policy direction of these agencies. Certain of these recent proposals and changes are described below. The Company 
will  continue  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  any  new  regulations  so  promulgated,  including  changes  in  regulatory  costs  and  fees, 
modifications  to  consumer  products  or  disclosures  required  by  the  Consumer  Financial  Protection  Bureau  (“CFPB”)  and  the 
requirements of the enhanced supervision provisions, among others.

Regulatory Agencies

The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. As a financial holding 
company and a bank holding company, the Company is regulated under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended 
(“BHCA”), and it and its subsidiary are subject to inspection, examination and supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal 
Reserve System (“Federal Reserve Board”). The BHCA provides generally for “umbrella” regulation of financial holding companies 
such as the Company by the Federal Reserve Board, and for functional regulation of banking activities by bank regulators, securities 
activities by securities regulators, and insurance activities by insurance regulators. The Company is also under the jurisdiction of the 
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and is subject to the disclosure and regulatory requirements of the Securities Act of 
1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as administered by the SEC.

The Bank is a West Virginia state chartered bank. The Bank is not a member bank of the Federal Reserve System (“non-member 
bank”). Accordingly, the West Virginia Division of Financial Institutions and the FDIC are the primary regulators of the Bank.

Bank Holding Company Activities

In general, the BHCA limits the business of bank holding companies to banking, managing or controlling banks and other activities 
that the Federal Reserve Board has determined to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto. In addition, bank 
holding companies that qualify and elect to be financial holding companies may engage in any activity, or acquire and retain the 
shares of a company engaged in any activity, that is either (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity (as determined 
by the Federal Reserve Board in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury) or (ii) complementary to a financial activity and 
does not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally (as solely 
determined by the Federal Reserve Board), without prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. Activities that are financial in nature 
include securities underwriting and dealing, insurance underwriting and making merchant banking investments. Under current federal 
law, as a bank holding company, the Company has elected to become a financial holding company.

Most of the financial activities that are permissible for financial holding companies also are permissible for a bank’s “financial 
subsidiary,” except for insurance underwriting, insurance company portfolio investments, real estate investments and development, 
and merchant banking, which must be conducted by a financial holding company. In order for a financial subsidiary of a bank to 
engage in permissible financial activities, federal law requires, among other conditions, that the parent bank be well managed and 
have at least a satisfactory Community Reinvestment Act rating, and the parent bank and all of its bank affiliates must be well 
capitalized.

To maintain financial holding company status, a financial holding company and all of its depository institution subsidiaries must be 
“well capitalized” and “well managed” under applicable Federal Reserve Board regulations and the depository institution subsidiaries 
controlled by the company must have at least a satisfactory Community Reinvestment Act rating. A depository institution subsidiary 
is considered to be “well capitalized” if it satisfies the requirements for this status discussed in the sections captioned “Capital 

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Requirements” and “Prompt Corrective Action,” included elsewhere in this item. A depository institution subsidiary is considered 
“well  managed”  if  it  received  a  composite  rating  of  1  or  2  and  management  rating  of  at  least  “satisfactory”  in  its  most  recent 
examination. If a financial holding company ceases to meet these capital and management requirements, the Federal Reserve Board’s 
regulations provide that the financial holding company must enter into an agreement with the Federal Reserve Board to comply with 
all applicable capital and management requirements. Until the financial holding company returns to compliance, the Federal Reserve 
Board may impose limitations or conditions on the conduct of its activities, and the company may not commence any of the broader 
financial activities permissible for financial holding companies or acquire a company engaged in such financial activities without 
prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. If the company does not return to compliance within 180 days, the Federal Reserve 
Board  may  require  divestiture  of  the  holding  company’s  depository  institutions.  Under  the  Riegle-Neal  lnterstate  Banking  and 
Branching Efficiency Act of 1994, banks must be both well capitalized and well managed to merger with a bank with a different 
home state. If a depository institution receives a rating of less than satisfactory under the Community Reinvestment Act, the financial 
holding company may not commence any additional financial activity or acquire a company engaged in financial activity, until the 
bank subsidiary has achieved at least a rating of satisfactory under the Community Reinvestment Act.

In order for a financial holding company to commence any new activity permitted by the BHCA or to acquire a company engaged 
in any new activity permitted by the BHCA, each insured depository institution subsidiary of the financial holding company must 
have received a rating of at least “satisfactory” in its most recent examination under the Community Reinvestment Act. See the 
section captioned “Community Reinvestment Act” included elsewhere in this item.

The Federal Reserve Board has the power to order any bank holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any activity or to 
terminate  its  ownership  or  control  of  any  subsidiary  when  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  has  reasonable  grounds  to  believe  that 
continuation of such activity or such ownership or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness, safety or stability of 
any bank subsidiary of the bank holding company.

 As required by the EGRRCPA, in August 2018, the Federal Reserve Board issued an interim final rule that expanded applicability 
of the Federal Reserve Board’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement. The interim final rule raised the policy statement’s 
asset threshold from $1 billion to $3 billion in total consolidated assets for a bank holding company or savings and loan holding 
company that: (1) is not engaged in significant nonbanking activities; (2) does not conduct significant off-balance sheet activities; 
and (3) does not have a material amount of debt or equity securities, other than trust-preferred securities, outstanding that are registered 
with the SEC. The interim final rule provides that, if warranted for supervisory purposes, the Federal Reserve Board may exclude a 
company from the threshold increase. Management believes the Company meets the conditions of the Federal Reserve Board’s Small 
Bank Holding Company Policy Statement and is therefore excluded from consolidated capital requirements and is subject to specific 
debt to equity ratio requirements. To be considered well capitalized, a company subject to the Small Bank Holding Company Policy 
Statement must meet certain requirements, including having a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.0:1 or less. Further, qualification as a small 
bank holding company allows the Company to file more abbreviated, and less frequent, consolidated and holding company reports 
with the Federal Reserve. The Bank remains subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies.

Federal Securities Regulation

The Company is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading and other restrictions and requirements of the SEC 
under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-
Oxley Act”), which imposes numerous reporting, accounting, corporate governance and business practices on companies, as well 
as financial and other professionals who have involvement with the U.S. public markets.  We are generally subject to these requirements 
and applicable SEC rules and regulations.

Acquisitions 

The BHCA, the Bank Merger Act, West Virginia banking law, and other federal and state statutes regulate acquisitions of commercial 
banks and their parent holding companies. The BHCA requires the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board for the direct or 
indirect acquisition by a bank holding company of more than 5.0% of the voting shares of a commercial bank or its parent holding 
company. Under the Bank Merger Act, the prior approval of the FDIC or other appropriate bank regulatory authority is required for 
a non-member bank to merge with another bank or purchase substantially all of the assets or assume any deposits of another bank. 
In reviewing applications seeking approval of merger and acquisition transactions, the bank regulatory authorities will consider, 
among other things, the competitive effect and public benefits of the transactions, the capital position of the combined organization, 
the risks to the stability of the U.S. banking or financial system, the applicant’s performance record under the Community Reinvestment 
Act (see the section captioned “Community Reinvestment Act” included elsewhere in this item) and its compliance with consumer 
protection laws and the effectiveness of the subject organizations in combating money laundering activities.

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Current  federal  law  authorizes  interstate  acquisitions  of  banks  and  bank  holding  companies  without  geographic  limitation. 
Furthermore, a bank headquartered in one state is authorized to merge with a bank headquartered in another state, subject to market 
share limitations and any state requirement that the target bank shall have been in existence and operating for a minimum period of 
time. After a bank has established branches in a state through an interstate merger transaction, the bank may establish and acquire 
additional branches at any location in the state where a bank headquartered in that state could have established or acquired branches 
under applicable federal or state law. These regulatory considerations are applicable to privately negotiated acquisition transactions.

Other Safety and Soundness Regulations

The Federal Reserve Board has enforcement powers over bank holding companies and their nonbanking subsidiaries. The Federal 
Reserve Board has authority to prohibit activities that represent unsafe or unsound practices or constitute violations of law, rule, 
regulation, administrative order or written agreement with a federal regulator. These powers may be exercised through the issuance 
of cease and desist orders, civil money penalties or other actions.

Federal and state banking regulators also have broad enforcement powers over the Bank, including the power to impose fines and 
other civil and criminal penalties, and to appoint a receiver in order to conserve the assets of the Bank for the benefit of depositors 
and other creditors. The West Virginia commissioner of banking also has the authority to take possession of a West Virginia state 
bank in certain circumstances, including, among other things, when it appears necessary in order to protect or preserve the assets of 
that bank for the benefit of depositors and other creditors.

Anti-Money Laundering and the USA PATRIOT Act

A major focus of governmental policy on financial institutions in recent years has been aimed at combating money laundering and 
terrorist financing. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, or the USA Patriot Act, substantially broadened the scope of United States anti-
money laundering laws and regulations by imposing significant new compliance and due diligence obligations, creating new crimes 
and penalties and expanding the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the United States. The USA Patriot Act contains anti-money laundering 
measures affecting insured depository institutions, broker-dealers and certain other financial institutions. Financial institutions are 
prohibited  from  entering  into  specified  financial  transactions  and  account  relationships  and  must  use  enhanced  due  diligence 
procedures in their dealings with certain types of high-risk customers and implement a written customer identification program. 
Financial institutions must take certain steps to assist government agencies in detecting and preventing money laundering and report 
certain types of suspicious transactions. The USA Patriot Act includes the International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial 
Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001, which grants the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury broad authority to establish regulations and to impose 
requirements and restrictions on financial institutions’ operations. The U.S. Treasury has issued a number of regulations to implement 
the USA Patriot Act under this authority requiring financial institutions to maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to 
detect, prevent and report money laundering and terrorist financing. Regulatory authorities routinely examine financial institutions 
for compliance with these obligations, and failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat 
money laundering and terrorist financing, or to comply with all of the relevant laws or regulations, could have serious legal and 
reputational consequences for the institution, including causing applicable bank regulatory authorities not to approve merger or 
acquisition  transactions  when  regulatory  approval  is  required  or  to  prohibit  such  transactions  even  if  approval  is  not  required. 
Regulatory authorities have imposed cease and desist orders and civil money penalties against institutions found to be violating these 
obligations.

Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation

The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions 
against targeted foreign countries and regimes, under authority of various laws, including designated foreign countries, nationals 
and others. OFAC publishes lists of specially designated targets and countries. We are responsible for, among other things, blocking 
accounts of, and transactions with, such targets and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and 
reporting blocked transactions after their occurrence. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational 
consequences,  including  causing  applicable  bank  regulatory  authorities  not  to  approve  merger  or  acquisition  transactions  when 
regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required.

Incentive Compensation

The Federal Reserve Board reviews, as part of its regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements 
of banking organizations, such as the Company, that are not “large, complex banking organizations.” These reviews are tailored to 
each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation 
arrangements. The findings of this supervisory initiative will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be incorporated 

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into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization’s ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. 
Enforcement  actions  may  be  taken  against  a  banking  organization  if  its  incentive  compensation  arrangements,  or  related  risk-
management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization’s safety and soundness and the organization is not 
taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.

In June 2010, the Federal Reserve Board, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and FDIC issued comprehensive final 
guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations 
do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The guidance, which covers 
all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization, either individually or as part of a group, is 
based upon the key principles that a banking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that 
do not encourage risk-taking beyond the organization’s ability to effectively identify and manage risks, (ii) be compatible with 
effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective 
oversight by the organization’s board of directors.

In June 2016, the Federal Reserve Board, other federal banking agencies, and the SEC jointly published a proposed rulemaking 
designed to strengthen the incentive-based compensation practices at covered institutions by better aligning the financial rewards 
for covered persons with an institution’s long-term safety and soundness. The proposed rule uses a tiered approach that applies 
provisions to covered financial institutions according to three categories of average total consolidated assets: Level 1 ($250 billion 
or more), Level 2 ($50 billion to $250 billion), and Level 3 ($1 billion to $50 billion). For all covered institutions, the proposed rule 
would (i) prohibit types and features of incentive-based compensation arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks because they 
are  “excessive”  or  “could  lead  to  material  financial  loss”  at  a  covered  institution,  (ii)  require  incentive-based  compensation 
arrangements to adhere to three basic principles: (1) a balance between risk and reward; (2) effective risk management and controls; 
and  (3)  effective  governance,  and  (iii)  require  appropriate  board  or  directors  (or  committee)  oversight  and  record  keeping  and 
disclosures to the appropriate agency. For Level 1 and Level 2 institutions, the proposed rule would (i) require the following: the 
deferral  of  awards  for  senior  executive  officers  and  significant  risk  takers;  the  subjecting  of  unpaid  and  unvested  incentive 
compensation  to  the  risk  of  downward  adjustments  or  forfeiture;  the  subjecting  of  paid  incentive  compensation  to  the  risk  of 
“clawback;” establishing a board compensation committee; expanded risk-management and control standards; additional record 
keeping requirements for senior executive officers and significant risk takers; and detailed policies and procedures to ensure rule 
compliance and (ii) prohibit certain inappropriate practices, including: the purchase of hedging instruments that offset decreases in 
the value of incentive compensation; allowing a range of payouts that might encourage risk taking; and basing compensation solely 
on comparison to peer and volume-driven incentives without regard to transaction quality or compliance with sound risk management. 
The comment period ended in July 2016.

If these or other regulations are adopted in a form similar to that initially proposed, they will impose limitations on the manner in 
which we may structure compensation for our executives.

In addition, SEC regulations require public companies, like the Company, to provide various disclosures about executive compensation 
in  annual  reports  and  proxy  statements  and  to  present  to  their  shareholders  a  non-binding  vote  on  the  approval  of  executive 
compensation.

The scope and content of the U.S. banking regulators’ policies on incentive compensation and SEC rulemaking with respect to 
executive compensation are continuing to develop.

The Volcker Rule

The Volcker Rule implements section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act and prohibits insured depository institutions and affiliated companies 
(together,  “banking  entities”)  from  engaging  in  short-term  proprietary  trading  of  certain  securities,  derivatives,  and  commodity 
futures, and options on these instruments, for their own account and prohibits banking entities from investing in certain types of 
funds (“covered funds”). The requirements of the Volcker Rule as implemented and any proposed changes are not expected to have 
a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Volcker Rule does not 
significantly impact the operations of the Company and its subsidiary, as we do not have any significant engagement in the businesses 
prohibited by the Volcker Rule. EGRRCPA exempts from the Volcker Rule banking entities with $10 billion or less in total consolidated 
assets and have total trading assets and trading liabilities that are less than 5% of total consolidated assets. Implementation of this 
provision is subject to a rulemaking which is in process. The Company and the Bank are below these thresholds and thus exempt 
from the Volcker Rule, subject to a rulemaking implementing this EGRRCPA provision. That rulemaking is in process.

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Limit on Dividends

The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company’s ability 
to obtain funds for the payment of dividends and for other cash requirements largely depends on the amount of dividends the Bank 
declares. However, the Federal Reserve Board expects the Company to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to the 
Bank to reduce potential loss exposure to the Bank’s depositors and to the FDIC insurance fund in the event the Bank becomes 
insolvent or is in danger of becoming insolvent. Under this requirement, the Company is expected to commit resources to support 
the Bank, including at times when the Company may not be in a financial position to provide such resources. Any capital loans by 
the Company to the Bank would be subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain other indebtedness of the Bank. In 
the event of the Company’s bankruptcy, any commitment by the Company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital 
of the Bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.

Accordingly, the Federal Reserve Board may require the Company to retain capital for further investment in the Bank, rather than 
pay dividends to its shareholders. The Bank may not pay dividends to the Company if, after paying those dividends, the Bank would 
fail to meet the required minimum levels under the risk-based capital guidelines and the minimum leverage ratio requirements. The 
Bank must have the approval from the West Virginia Division of Financial Institutions if a dividend in any year would cause the 
total dividends for that year to exceed the sum of the current year’s net earnings as defined and the retained earnings for the preceding 
two years as defined, less required transfers to surplus. These provisions could limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends on its 
outstanding common shares.

In addition, the Company and the Bank are subject to other regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, 
including  requirements  to  maintain  adequate  capital  above  regulatory  minimums  (See  “Capital  Requirements”,  below).  The 
appropriate federal regulatory authority is authorized to determine under certain circumstances relating to the financial condition of 
a bank holding company or a bank that the payment of dividends would be an unsafe or unsound practice and to prohibit payment 
thereof. The appropriate federal regulatory authorities have stated that paying dividends that deplete a bank’s capital base to an 
inadequate level would be an unsafe and unsound banking practice and that banking organizations should generally pay dividends 
only out of current operating earnings. In addition, in the current financial and economic environment, the Federal Reserve Board 
has indicated that bank holding companies should carefully review their dividend policy and has discouraged payment ratios that 
are at maximum allowable levels unless both asset quality and capital are very strong.

Transactions with Affiliates

Transactions between the Bank and its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the Company or any other subsidiary, on the other hand, 
are regulated under federal banking law. The Federal Reserve Act, made applicable by section 8(j) of the FDIA, imposes quantitative 
and qualitative requirements and collateral requirements on covered transactions by the Bank with, or for the benefit of, its affiliates, 
and generally requires those transactions to be on terms at least as favorable to the Bank as if the transaction were conducted with 
an unaffiliated third party. Covered transactions are defined by statute to include a loan or extension of credit, as well as a purchase 
of securities issued by an affiliate, a purchase of assets (unless otherwise exempted by the Federal Reserve Board) from the affiliate, 
certain derivative transactions that create a credit exposure to an affiliate, the acceptance of securities issued by the affiliate as 
collateral for a loan, and the issuance of a guarantee, acceptance or letter of credit on behalf of an affiliate. In general, any such 
transaction by the Bank or its subsidiaries must be limited to certain thresholds on an individual and aggregate basis and, for credit 
transactions with any affiliate, must be secured by designated amounts of specified collateral.

Federal law also limits a bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% stockholders, as well as to 
entities controlled by such persons. Among other things, extensions of credit to insiders are required to be made on terms that are 
substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable 
transactions with unaffiliated persons. Also, the terms of such extensions of credit may not involve more than the normal risk of non-
repayment or present other unfavorable features and may not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such 
persons individually and in the aggregate.

Capital Requirements

The Bank is required to comply with applicable capital adequacy standards established by the FDIC (“Capital Rules”). The Company 
is exempt from the Federal Reserve Board’s capital adequacy standards as it believes it meets the requirements of the Small Bank 
Holding Company Policy Statement. State chartered banks, such as the Bank, are subject to similar capital requirements adopted by 
the West Virginia Division of Financial Institutions.

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The Capital Rules, among other things, (i) include a “Common Equity Tier 1” (“CET1”) measure, (ii) specify that Tier 1 capital 
consists of CET1 and “Additional Tier 1 capital” instruments meeting certain revised requirements, (iii) define CET1 narrowly by 
requiring that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of 
capital, and (iv) expand the scope of the deductions/adjustments to capital as compared to existing regulations.

Under the Capital Rules, the minimum capital ratios effective as of January 1, 2015 are:

• 
• 
• 
• 

4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets;
6.0% Tier 1 capital (that is, CET1 plus Additional Tier 1 capital) to risk-weighted assets;
8.0% Total capital (that is, Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital) to risk-weighted assets; and
4.0% Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets as reported on consolidated financial statements (known as the leverage 
ratio”).

The Capital Rules also include a new “capital conservation buffer”, composed entirely of CET1, on top of these minimum risk-
weighted asset ratios. The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and will 
increase by 0.625% on each subsequent January 1, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The Capital Rules also provide for a 
“countercyclical capital buffer” that is only applicable to certain covered institutions and does not have any current applicability to 
the  Company  or  the  Bank. The  capital  conservation  buffer  is  designed  to  absorb  losses  during  periods  of  economic  stress  and 
effectively increases the minimum required risk-weighted capital ratios. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted 
assets below the effective minimum (4.5% plus the capital conservation buffer and, if applicable, the countercyclical capital buffer) 
will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

Since fully phased in on January 1, 2019, the Capital Rules require the Bank to maintain an additional capital conservation buffer 
of 2.5% of CET1, effectively resulting in minimum ratios of (i) CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%, (ii) Tier 1 capital to 
risk-weighted assets of at least 8.5%, (iii) a minimum ratio of Total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 10.5%; and (iv) a 
minimum leverage ratio of 4%. The Capital Rules also provide for a number of deductions from and adjustments to CET1.

The Capital Rules prescribe a standardized approach for risk weightings that expanded the risk-weighting categories from the general 
risk-based capital rules to a much larger and more risk-sensitive number of categories, depending on the nature of the assets, generally 
ranging from 0% for U.S. government and agency securities, to 600% for certain equity exposures, and resulting in higher risk 
weights for a variety of asset categories.

In September 2017, the Federal Reserve Board, along with other bank regulatory agencies, proposed amendments to its capital 
requirements to simplify certain aspects of the capital rules for community banks, including the Bank, in an attempt to reduce the 
regulatory burden for such smaller financial institutions. Because the amendments were proposed with a request for comments and 
have not been finalized, we do not yet know what effect the final rules will have on the Bank’s capital calculations. In November 
2017, the federal banking agencies extended for community banks the existing capital requirements for certain items, including 
mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital instruments of unconsolidated financial institutions, 
and minority interest, which were scheduled to change effective January 1, 2018, in light of the simplification amendments being 
considered. 

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an update to the accounting standards for credit losses that included 
the Current Expected Credit Losses  (“CECL”) methodology, which  replaces the existing incurred loss  methodology for certain 
financial assets. CECL becomes effective January 1, 2020. In December 2018, the federal bank regulatory agencies approved a final 
rule  providing  an  option  to  phase-in,  over  a  period  of  three  years,  the  day-one  regulatory  capital  effects  resulting  from  the 
implementation of CECL. 

Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  the  EGRRCPA  simplifies  capital  calculations  by  requiring  regulators  to  establish  for  insured 
depository institutions under $10 billion in assets a community bank leverage ratio (tangible equity to average consolidated assets) 
at a percentage not less than 8% and not greater than 10% that such institutions may elect to replace the general applicable risk-based 
capital requirements under the Capital Rules. Such institutions that meet the community bank leverage ratio will automatically be 
deemed to be well-capitalized, although the regulators retain the flexibility to determine that the institution may not qualify for the 
community bank leverage ratio test based on the institution’s risk profile.  The federal banking agencies have proposed a community 
bank leverage ratio of 9% with additional parameters, including limited amounts of off-balanced sheet exposure. That proposal has 
not  been  finalized,  and  until  such  time,  the  Capital  Rules  as  described  above  remain  in  effect.  The  effective  date  and  specific 
requirements for the community bank leverage ratio are unknown.

With respect to the Bank, the Capital Rules also revise the “prompt corrective action” regulations pursuant to Section 38 of the 
Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as discussed below under “Prompt Corrective Action.”

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Prompt Corrective Action

The FDIA requires among other things, the federal banking agencies to take “prompt corrective action” in respect of depository 
institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. The FDIA includes the following five capital tiers: “well capitalized,” 
“adequately  capitalized,”  “undercapitalized,”  “significantly  undercapitalized”  and  “critically  undercapitalized.”  A  depository 
institution’s capital tier will depend upon how its capital levels compare with various relevant capital measures and certain other 
factors, as established by regulation. The relevant capital measures, which reflect changes under the Capital Rules that became 
effective on January 1, 2015, are the total capital ratio, the CET1 capital ratio, the Tier 1 capital ratio and the leverage ratio.

A bank will be (i) “well capitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater, a CET1 capital ratio of 
6.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, and a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater, and is not subject to any 
order or written directive by any such regulatory authority to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure; (ii) 
“adequately capitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5% or 
greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater, and a leverage ratio of 4.0% or greater and is not “well capitalized”; (iii) 
“undercapitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 8.0%, a CET1 capital ratio less than 4.5%, a 
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0% or a leverage ratio of less than 4.0%; (iv) “significantly undercapitalized” if the 
institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a CET1 capital ratio less than 3.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 
of less than 4.0% or a leverage ratio of less than 3.0%; and (v) “critically undercapitalized” if the institution’s tangible equity is equal 
to or less than 2.0% of average quarterly tangible assets. An institution may be downgraded to, or deemed to be in, a capital category 
that  is  lower  than  indicated  by  its  capital  ratios  if  it  is  determined  to  be  in  an  unsafe  or  unsound  condition  or  if  it  receives  an 
unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters. A bank’s capital category is determined solely for the purpose of 
applying prompt corrective action regulations, and the capital category may not constitute an accurate representation of the bank’s 
overall financial condition or prospects for other purposes.

As noted above, the EGRRCPA will eliminate these requirements for banks with less than $10.0 billion in assets who elect to follow 
the community bank leverage ratio once regulators finalize the regulation.

The FDIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distributions (including payment of a dividend) or 
paying  any  management  fee  to  its  parent  holding  company  if  the  depository  institution  would  thereafter  be  “undercapitalized.” 
“Undercapitalized” institutions are subject to growth limitations and are required to submit a capital restoration plan. The agencies 
may not accept such a plan without determining, among other things, that the plan is based on realistic assumptions and is likely to 
succeed in restoring the depository institution’s capital. In addition, for a capital restoration plan to be acceptable, the depository 
institution’s parent holding company must guarantee that the institution will comply with such capital restoration plan. The bank 
holding company must also provide appropriate assurances of performance. The aggregate liability of the parent holding company 
is limited to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5.0% of the depository institution’s total assets at the time it became undercapitalized 
and (ii) the amount which is necessary (or would have been necessary) to bring the institution into compliance with all capital 
standards applicable with respect to such institution as of the time it fails to comply with the plan. If a depository institution fails to 
submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is “significantly undercapitalized.”

“Significantly undercapitalized” depository institutions may be subject to a number of requirements and restrictions, including orders 
to sell sufficient voting stock to become “adequately capitalized,” requirements to reduce total assets, and cessation of receipt of 
deposits  from  correspondent  banks.  “Critically  undercapitalized”  institutions  are  subject  to  the  appointment  of  a  receiver  or 
conservator.

The appropriate federal banking agency may, under certain circumstances, reclassify a well capitalized insured depository institution 
as  adequately  capitalized. The  FDIA  provides  that  an  institution  may  be  reclassified  if  the  appropriate  federal  banking  agency 
determines (after notice and opportunity for hearing) that the institution is in an unsafe or unsound condition or deems the institution 
to be engaging in an unsafe or unsound practice. The appropriate agency is also permitted to require an adequately capitalized or 
undercapitalized institution to comply with the supervisory provisions as if the institution were in the next lower category (but not 
treat a significantly undercapitalized institution as critically undercapitalized) based on supervisory information other than the capital 
levels of the institution.

In addition to the “prompt corrective action” directives, failure to meet capital guidelines may subject a banking organization to a 
variety of other enforcement remedies, including additional substantial restrictions on its operations and activities, termination of 
deposit insurance by the FDIC and, under certain conditions, the appointment of a conservator or receiver.

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For further information regarding the capital ratios and leverage ratio of the Company and the Bank see the discussion under the 
section captioned “Capital/Stockholders’ Equity” included in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 
and Results of Operations and Note 14, “Regulatory Capital Requirements” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Safety and Soundness Standards

The FDIA requires the federal bank regulatory agencies to prescribe standards, by regulations or guidelines, relating to internal 
controls, information systems and internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset 
growth, asset quality, earnings, stock valuation and compensation, fees and benefits, and such other operational and managerial 
standards as the agencies deem appropriate. Guidelines adopted by the federal bank regulatory agencies establish general standards 
relating to internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate 
exposure, asset growth and compensation, fees and benefits. In general, the guidelines require, among other things, appropriate 
systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified in the guidelines. The guidelines prohibit excessive 
compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe compensation as excessive when the amounts paid are unreasonable 
or disproportionate to the services performed by an executive officer, employee, director or principal stockholder. In addition, the 
agencies adopted regulations that authorize, but do not require, an agency to order an institution that has been given notice by an 
agency that it is not satisfying any of such safety and soundness standards to submit a compliance plan. If, after being so notified, 
an institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan or fails in any material respect to implement an acceptable compliance 
plan, the agency must issue an order directing action to correct the deficiency and may issue an order directing other actions of the 
types to which an undercapitalized institution is subject under the “prompt corrective action” provisions of the FDIA. See “Prompt 
Corrective Action” above. If an institution fails to comply with such an order, the agency may seek to enforce such order in judicial 
proceedings and to impose civil money penalties.

Deposit Insurance

The Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC up to the limits set forth under applicable law. The FDIC imposes a risk-based deposit 
premium  assessment  system  that  determines  assessment  rates  for  an  insured  depository  institution  based  on  an  assessment  rate 
calculator, which is based on a number of elements to measure the risk each insured depository institution poses to the FDIC insurance 
fund. The assessment rate is applied to total average assets less tangible equity, as defined under the Dodd-Frank Act. The assessment 
rate schedule can change from time to time at the discretion of the FDIC, subject to certain limits. Under the current system, premiums 
are assessed quarterly.

Under the FDIA, the FDIC may terminate deposit insurance upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound 
practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or 
condition imposed by the FDIC.

Depositor Preference

The FDIA provides that, in the event of the “liquidation or other resolution” of an insured depository institution, the claims of 
depositors of the institution, including the claims of the FDIC as subrogee of insured depositors, and certain claims for administrative 
expenses of the FDIC as a receiver, will have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution. If an insured 
depository institution fails, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, will have priority in payment ahead of unsecured, 
non-deposit creditors, including depositors whose deposits are payable only outside of the United States and the parent bank holding 
company, with respect to any extensions of credit they have made to such insured depository institution.

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) membership

The FHLB provides credit to its members in the form of advances. As a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh, the Bank must maintain 
an investment in the capital stock of that FHLB in an amount equal to 0.10% of the calculated Member Asset Value (“MAV”) plus 
4.00% of outstanding advances and 0.75% of outstanding letters of credit. The MAV is determined by taking line item values for 
various investment and loan classes and applying an FHLB haircut to each item. At December 31, 2018, the Bank held capital stock 
of FHLB in the amount of $11.3 million.

Federal and State Consumer Laws

The Company and the Bank are subject to a number of federal and state consumer protection laws that extensively govern our 
relationship with our customers. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in 

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Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Home Mortgage 
Disclosure Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Service 
Members Civil Relief Act and these laws’ respective state-law counterparts, as well as state usury laws and laws regarding unfair 
and deceptive acts and practices. These and other federal laws, among other things, require disclosures of the cost of credit and terms 
of deposit accounts, provide substantive consumer rights, prohibit discrimination in credit transactions, regulate the use of credit 
report information, provide financial privacy protections, prohibit unfair, deceptive and abusive practices, restrict our ability to raise 
interest rates and subject us to substantial regulatory oversight. Violations of applicable consumer protection laws can result in 
significant potential liability from litigation brought by customers, including actual damages, restitution and attorneys’ fees. Federal 
bank regulators, state attorneys general, and state and local consumer protection agencies may also seek to enforce consumer protection 
requirements and obtain these and other remedies, including regulatory sanctions, customer rescission rights, action by the state and 
local attorneys general in each jurisdiction in which we operate and civil money penalties. Failure to comply with consumer protection 
requirements may also result in our failure to obtain any required bank regulatory approval for merger or acquisition transactions 
we may wish to pursue or our prohibition from engaging in such transactions even if approval is not required.

Consumer Financial Protection

We are subject to a number of federal and state consumer protection laws that extensively govern our relationship with our customers. 
These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings 
Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Fair Housing 
Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Service Members Civil Relief Act and 
these laws’ respective state-law counterparts, as well as state usury laws and laws regarding unfair, deceptive, and abusive acts and 
practices. These and other federal laws, among other things, require disclosures of the cost of credit and terms of deposit accounts, 
provide substantive consumer rights, prohibit discrimination in credit transactions, regulate the use of credit report information, 
provide financial privacy protections, prohibit unfair, deceptive and abusive practices, restrict our ability to raise interest rates and 
subject us to substantial regulatory oversight. Violations of applicable consumer protection laws can result in significant potential 
liability from litigation brought by customers, including actual damages, restitution and attorneys’ fees. Federal financial regulators, 
state attorneys general and state and local consumer protection agencies may also seek to enforce consumer protection requirements 
and obtain these and other remedies, including regulatory sanctions, customer rescission rights and civil money penalties. Failure to 
comply with consumer protection requirements may also result in our failure to obtain any required bank regulatory approval for 
merger or acquisition transactions we may wish to pursue or our prohibition from engaging in such transactions even if approval is 
not required.

The CFPB is a federal agency responsible for implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with federal consumer protection 
laws. The CFPB has broad rulemaking authority for a wide range of consumer financial laws that apply to all banks, including, 
among other things, the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The CFPB can issue cease-and-desist 
orders against banks and other entities that violate consumer financial laws. The CFPB may also institute a civil action against an 
entity in violation of federal consumer financial law in order to impose a civil penalty or injunction. The Dodd-Frank Act permits 
states to adopt consumer protection laws and standards that are more stringent than those adopted at the federal level and, in certain 
circumstances, permits state attorneys general to enforce compliance with both the state and federal laws and regulations. The CFPB 
also has examination and enforcement authority over all banks with more than $10 billion in assets, as well as their affiliates, which 
authority would not apply to the Company or the Bank. As the Bank’s principal federal regulator, the FDIC has examination and 
enforcement authority over the Bank.

The CFPB has concentrated much of its rulemaking efforts on a variety of mortgage-related topics required under the Dodd-Frank 
Act, including mortgage origination disclosures, minimum underwriting standards and ability to repay, high-cost mortgage lending, 
and servicing practices. The CFPB issued final rules changing the reporting requirements for lenders under the Home Mortgage 
Disclosure Act. The new rules expand the range of transactions subject to these requirements to include most securitized residential 
mortgage loans and credit lines. The rules also increase the overall amount of data required to be collected and submitted, including 
additional data points about the loans and borrowers. The expanded data is being collected as of January 1, 2018.

Financial Privacy

Federal law currently contains extensive customer privacy protection provisions, including substantial customer privacy protections 
provided under the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 (commonly known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act). Under these 
provisions, a financial institution must provide to its customers, at the inception of the customer relationship and annually thereafter, 
the  institution’s  policies  and  procedures  regarding  the  handling  of  customers’  nonpublic  personal  financial  information.  These 
provisions  also  provide  that,  except  for  certain  limited  exceptions,  an  institution  may  not  provide  such  personal  information  to 
unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that such information may be so provided and the customer 

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is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure. Federal law makes it a criminal offense, except in limited circumstances, to 
obtain or attempt to obtain customer information of a financial nature by fraudulent or deceptive means. In December 2015, Congress 
amended the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act privacy provisions to include an exception under which if a financial institution meets certain 
conditions, it is not required to provide annual privacy notices to customers. In August 2018, the CFPB finalized a rule implementing 
this provision, and that rule became effective September 17, 2018.

Automated Overdraft Payment Regulation

Federal regulators have adopted consumer protection regulations and guidance related to automated overdraft payment programs 
offered by financial institutions. Regulation E prohibits financial institutions from charging consumers fees for paying overdrafts on 
automated teller machine and one-time debit card transactions, unless a consumer consents, or opts in, to the overdraft service for 
those types of transactions. Financial institutions must also provide consumers with a notice that explains the financial institution’s 
overdraft services, including the fees associated with the service and the consumer’s choices. In addition, FDIC-supervised institutions 
must monitor overdraft payment programs for “excessive or chronic” customer use and undertake “meaningful and effective” follow-
up action with customers that overdraw their accounts more than six times during a rolling 12-month period. Financial institutions 
must also impose daily limits on overdraft charges, review and modify check-clearing procedures, prominently distinguish account 
balances  from  available  overdraft  coverage  amounts  and  ensure  board  and  management  oversight  regarding  overdraft  payment 
programs.

Community Reinvestment Act

The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (“CRA”) requires depository institutions to assist in meeting the credit needs of their 
market areas consistent with safe and sound banking practice. Under the CRA, each depository institution is required to help meet 
the credit needs of its market areas by, among other things, providing credit to low- and moderate-income individuals and communities. 
The CRA requires the Bank’s primary federal bank regulatory agency, the FDIC, to assess the bank’s record in meeting the credit 
needs of the communities served by the bank, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods and persons. Institutions are 
assigned one of four ratings: “Outstanding,” “Satisfactory,” “Needs to Improve” or “Substantial Noncompliance.”

In order for a financial holding company to commence any new activity permitted by the BHCA, or to acquire any company engaged 
in any new activity permitted by the BHCA, each insured depository institution subsidiary of the financial holding company must 
have received a rating of at least “satisfactory” in its most recent examination under the CRA. Furthermore, banking regulators take 
into account CRA ratings when considering a request for an approval of a proposed transaction to consolidate with or acquire the 
assets or assume the liabilities of an insured depository institution, or to open or relocate a branch office.

Cybersecurity

In  March  2015,  federal  regulators  issued  two  related  statements  regarding  cybersecurity.  One  statement  indicates  that  financial 
institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management 
processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate 
customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s 
management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and 
maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving destructive malware. A financial institution is also expected 
to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and 
restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to this type of cyber-attack. If we fail to observe the regulatory 
guidance, we could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties.

In the ordinary course of business, we rely on electronic communications and information systems to conduct our operations and to 
store sensitive data. We employ a variety of preventative and detective tools to monitor, block, and provide alerts regarding suspicious 
activity, as well as to report on any suspected advanced persistent threats. Notwithstanding our defensive measures, the threat from 
cyber-attacks is severe, attacks are sophisticated and increasing in volume, and attackers respond rapidly to changes in defensive 
measures. While to date, we are not aware that we have experienced a significant compromise, significant data loss or any material 
financial losses related to cybersecurity attacks, our systems and those of our customers and third-party service providers are under 
constant threat and it is possible that we could experience a significant event in the future. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity 
attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats, 
as well as due to the expanding use of Internet banking, mobile banking and other technology-based products and services by us and 
our customers. For further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity, see Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Annual Report on Form 10-
K.

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Monetary Policy and Economic Conditions

The  business  of  financial  institutions  is  affected  not  only  by  general  economic  conditions,  but  also  by  the  policies  of  various 
governmental regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board regulates money and credit 
conditions and interest rates to influence general economic conditions primarily through open market operations in U.S. government 
securities, changes in the discount rate on bank borrowings and changes in the reserve requirements against depository institutions’ 
deposits. These policies and regulations significantly affect the overall growth and distribution of loans, investments and deposits, 
and the interest rates charged on loans, as well as the interest rates paid on deposit accounts.

The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board have had a significant effect on the operating results of financial institutions in 
the past and are expected to continue to have significant effects in the future. In view of the changing conditions in the economy and 
the money markets and the activities of monetary and fiscal authorities, the Company cannot predict future changes in interest rates, 
credit availability or deposit levels.

Effect of Environmental Regulation

The  Company’s  primary  exposure  to  environmental  risk  is  through  its  lending  activities.  In  cases  when  management  believes 
environmental  risk  potentially  exists,  the  Company  mitigates  its  environmental  risk  exposures  by  requiring  environmental  site 
assessments at the time of loan origination to confirm collateral quality as to commercial real estate parcels posing higher than normal 
potential for environmental impact, as determined by reference to present and past uses of the subject property and adjacent sites. 
Environmental assessments are typically required prior to any foreclosure activity involving non-residential real estate collateral.
With regard to residential real estate lending, management reviews those loans with inherent environmental risk on an individual 
basis and makes decisions based on the dollar amount of the loan and the materiality of the specific credit.

The  Company  anticipates  no  material  effect  on  anticipated  capital  expenditures,  earnings  or  competitive  position  as  a  result  of 
compliance with federal, state or local environmental protection laws or regulations.

Other Regulatory Matters

The Company is subject to examinations and investigations by federal and state banking regulators, as well as the SEC, various 
taxing authorities and various state regulators. The Company periodically receives requests for information from regulatory authorities 
in  various  states,  including  state  insurance  commissions  and  state  attorneys  general,  securities  regulators  and  other  regulatory 
authorities, concerning the Company’s business and accounting practices. Such requests are considered incidental to the normal 
conduct of business.

Future Legislation and Regulation

Congress may enact legislation from time to time that affects the regulation of the financial services industry, and state legislatures 
may enact legislation from time to time affecting the regulation of financial institutions chartered by or operating in those states. 
Federal and state regulatory agencies also periodically propose and adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which 
existing regulations are applied. The substance or impact of pending or future legislation or regulation, or the application thereof, 
cannot be predicted, although enactment of the proposed legislation could impact the regulatory structure under which we operate 
and may significantly increase costs, impede the efficiency of internal business processes, require an increase in regulatory capital, 
require modifications to our business strategy, and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities in an efficient manner. A change 
in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries could have a material, adverse 
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Corporate and available information

We file reports with the SEC, including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 
8-K and any other filings required by the SEC. We make available through our website (http://www.mvbbanking.com), free of charge, 
our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those 
reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information 
on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file 
with the SEC.

The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, 
DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. 

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The  SEC  maintains  an  Internet  site  (http://www.sec.gov)  that  contains  reports,  proxy  and  information  statements,  and  other 
information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following discussion sets forth some of the more important risk factors that could materially affect our  financial condition, 
results of operations, business and prospects.  Other factors that could affect the Company’s financial condition and operations are 
discussed in the “Forward-Looking Statements” section below (Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 
and  Results  of  Operations).  The  risks  and  uncertainties  described  below  are  not  the  only  ones  facing  us. Additional  risks  and 
uncertainties that management is not aware of or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair our business operations. 
You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the information included or incorporated 
by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Annual Report on Form 10-K is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

If  any  of  the  following  risks  actually  occur,  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  could  be  materially  and 
adversely affected.

References to “we,” “us,” and “our” in this “Risk Factors” section refer to the Company and its subsidiary, including the Bank, unless 
otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires.

Risks Related to Economic and Market Conditions

Our business depends upon the general economic conditions of the State of West Virginia and the Commonwealth of 
Virginia, and may be adversely affected by downturns in these and the other local economies in which we operate.

In recent years, economic growth and business activity across a wide range of industries and regions in the U.S. has been slow and 
uneven. Furthermore, there are continuing concerns related to the level of U.S. government debt and fiscal actions that may be taken 
to address that debt. In addition, oil price volatility, the level of U.S. debt and global economic conditions have had a destabilizing 
effect on financial markets.

Our financial performance generally, and in particular the ability of borrowers to pay interest on and repay principal of outstanding 
loans and the value of collateral securing those loans, as well as demand for loans and other products and services we offer, is highly 
dependent  upon  the  business  environment  in  the  markets  where  we  operate,  including  the  State  of  West  Virginia  and  the 
Commonwealth of Virginia and the United States as a whole. A favorable business environment is generally characterized by, among 
other factors, economic growth, efficient capital markets, low inflation, low unemployment, high business and investor confidence, 
and strong business earnings. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by declines in economic 
growth, business activity or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and 
capital; increases in inflation or interest rates; high unemployment, natural disasters; or a combination of these or other factors.

While the U.S. economy experienced growth during 2018, with increasing exports, jobs, and manufacturing production, continued 
economic pressure on consumers and uncertainty regarding continuing economic improvement may result in changes in consumer 
and business spending, borrowing and savings habits. Such conditions, combined with continued oil price volatility, could have a 
material adverse effect on the credit quality of our loans and our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success depends primarily on the general economic conditions of the State of West Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia 
and the specific local markets in which we operate. Unlike larger national or other regional banks that are more geographically 
diversified, we provide banking and financial services primarily to customers across West Virginia and Virginia. The local economic 
conditions in these areas have a significant impact on the demand for our products and services as well as the ability of our customers 
to repay loans, the value of the collateral securing loans and the stability of our deposit funding sources. Moreover, approximately 
49.9% of the securities in our municipal securities portfolio were issued by political subdivisions or agencies within the State of 
West Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia. A significant decline in general economic conditions in State of West Virginia 
and the Commonwealth of Virginia, whether caused by recession, inflation, unemployment, changes in oil prices, changes in securities 
markets, acts of terrorism, outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences or other factors could impact these 
local economic conditions and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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A  significant  portion  of  our  loans  are  secured  by  real  estate  concentrated  in  the  State  of  West  Virginia  and  the 
Commonwealth of Virginia, which may adversely affect our earnings and capital if real estate values decline.

Nearly 77.7% of our total loans are real estate interests (residential, nonresidential including both owner-occupied and investment 
real estate, and construction and land development) mainly concentrated in the State of West Virginia and the Commonwealth of 
Virginia, a relatively small geographic area. As a result, declining real estate values in these markets could negatively impact the 
value of the real estate collateral securing such loans. If we are required to liquidate a significant amount of collateral during a period 
of reduced real estate values in satisfaction of any non-performing or defaulted loans, our earnings and capital could be adversely 
affected.

The value of the securities in our investment securities portfolio may be negatively affected by disruptions in securities 
markets.

Due to credit and liquidity risks and economic volatility, making the determination of the value of a securities portfolio is less certain. 
A decline in market value associated with these disruptions could result in other-than-temporary or permanent impairments of these 
assets, which would lead to accounting charges which could have a material negative effect on our financial condition and results 
of operations.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our nonresidential real estate loans expose us to greater risks of nonpayment and loss than residential mortgage loans, 
which may cause us to increase our allowance for loan losses which would reduce our net income.

At December 31, 2018, $950.6 million, or 72.9%, of our loan portfolio consisted of nonresidential real estate loans. Nonresidential 
real estate loans generally expose a lender to greater risk of non-payment and loss than residential mortgage loans because repayment 
of the loans often depends on the successful operation of the property and the income stream of the borrowers. Such loans expose 
us to additional risks because they typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayments from the cash flow 
of the borrower’s business and are secured by collateral that may depreciate over time. These loans typically involve larger loan 
balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to residential mortgage loans. Because such loans generally 
entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, we may need to increase our allowance for loan losses in the future to account 
for the likely increase in probable incurred credit losses associated with the growth of such loans, which would reduce our net income. 
Also, many of our nonresidential real estate borrowers have more than one loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse 
development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an 
adverse development with respect to a residential mortgage loan.

Our allowance for loan losses could become inadequate and reduce earnings and capital.

The Bank maintains an allowance for loan losses that it believes is adequate for absorbing the estimated future losses inherent in its 
loan  portfolio.  Management  conducts  a  periodic  review  and  consideration  of  the  loan  portfolio  to  determine  the  amount  of  the 
allowance for loan losses based upon general market conditions, credit quality of the loan portfolio and performance of the Bank’s 
clients relative to their financial obligations with it. The amount of future losses, however, is susceptible to changes in economic and 
other market conditions, including changes in interest rates and collateral values, which are beyond the Bank’s control, and these 
future losses may exceed its current estimates. Management performs stress tests on the loan portfolios to estimate future loan losses, 
but additional provisions for loan losses could be required in the future, including as a result of changes in the economic assumptions 
underlying management’s estimates and judgments, adverse developments in the economy on a national basis or in the Bank’s market 
area, or changes in the circumstances of particular borrowers. We cannot predict with absolute certainty the amount of losses or 
guarantee that the allowance for loan losses is adequate to absorb future losses in the loan portfolio. Excessive loan losses could 
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The profitability of MVB Mortgage will be significantly reduced if we are not able to sell mortgages.

Currently, we generally sell all of the mortgage loans originated by MVB Mortgage. The profitability of MVB Mortgage depends 
in large part upon our ability to originate a high volume of loans and to sell them in the secondary market. Thus, we are dependent 
upon (i) the existence of an active secondary market and (ii) our ability to sell loans into that market.

MVB Mortgage’s ability to sell mortgage loans readily is dependent upon the availability of an active secondary market for single-
family mortgage loans, which in turn depends in part upon the continuation of programs currently offered by Fannie Mae and Freddie 

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Mac and other institutional and non-institutional investors. These entities account for a substantial portion of the secondary market 
in residential mortgage loans. Some of the largest participants in the secondary market, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are 
government-sponsored enterprises with substantial market influence whose activities are governed by federal law. Any future changes 
in laws that significantly affect the activity of these government-sponsored enterprises and other institutional and non-institutional 
investors or any impairment of our ability to participate in such programs could, in turn, adversely affect our operations.

Our largest source of revenue (net interest income) is subject to interest rate risk.

The Bank’s financial condition and results of operations are significantly affected by changes in interest rates. The Bank’s earnings 
depend primarily upon its net interest income, which is the difference between its interest income earned on its interest-earning 
assets, such as loans and investment securities, and its interest expense paid on its interest-bearing liabilities, consisting of deposits 
and borrowings. Moreover, the loans included in our interest-earning assets are primarily comprised of variable and adjustable rate 
loans. Net interest income is subject to interest rate risk in the following ways:

• 

In general, for a given change in interest rates, the amount of change in value (positive or negative) is larger for assets and 
liabilities with longer remaining maturities. The shape of the yield curve may affect new loan yields, funding costs and 
investment income differently.

•  The remaining maturity of various assets or liabilities may shorten or lengthen as payment behavior changes in response 
to changes in interest rates. For example, if interest rates decline sharply, loans may pre-pay, or pay down, faster than 
anticipated, thus reducing future cash flows and interest income. Conversely, if interest rates increase, depositors may cash 
in their certificates of deposit prior to maturity (notwithstanding any applicable early withdrawal penalties) or otherwise 
reduce their deposits to pursue higher yielding investment alternatives.

•  Re-pricing frequencies and maturity profiles for assets and liabilities may occur at different times. For example, in a falling 
rate environment, if assets re-price faster than liabilities, there will be an initial decline in earnings. Moreover, if assets and 
liabilities re-price at the same time, they may not be by the same increment. For instance, if the Federal Funds Rate increased 
50 basis points, rates on demand deposits may rise by 10 basis points; whereas rates on prime-based loans will instantly 
rise 50 basis points.

Financial instruments do not respond in a parallel fashion to rising or falling interest rates. This causes asymmetry in the magnitude 
of changes to net interest income, net economic value and investment income resulting from the hypothetical increases and decreases 
in interest rates. Interest rate risk is more fully described under the section captioned “Interest Rate Risk” in Item 7, Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and in the section captioned “Interest Rate Sensitivity 
Management” in Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Our accounting policies and estimates are critical to how we report our financial condition and results of operations, 
and any changes to such accounting policies and estimates could materially affect how we report our financial condition 
and results of operations.

Accounting policies and estimates are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. 
Our management makes judgments and assumptions in selecting and adopting various accounting policies and in applying estimates 
so that such policies and estimates comply with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Management has identified certain accounting policies as being critical because they require management’s judgment to ascertain 
the valuations of assets, liabilities, commitments and contingencies. A variety of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained 
either when earning income, recognizing an expense, recovering an asset, valuing an asset or liability or reducing a liability. Because 
of the uncertainty surrounding our judgments and the estimates pertaining to these matters, actual outcomes may be materially 
different from amounts previously estimated. For example, because of the inherent uncertainty of estimates, the Bank could need to 
significantly increase its allowance for loan losses if actual losses are more than the amount reserved. Any increase in its allowance 
for loan losses or loan charge-offs could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, 
we cannot guarantee that we will not be required to adjust accounting policies or restate prior financial statements. See the section 
captioned “Allowance for Loan Losses” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations, located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion related to our process for determining the 
appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses.

Further, from time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards 
that  govern  the  preparation  of  our  financial  statements.  The  ongoing  economic  recession  has  resulted  in  increased  scrutiny  of 
accounting standards by legislators and our regulators, particularly as they relate to fair value accounting principles. In addition, 
ongoing efforts to achieve convergence between GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards may result in changes to 

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GAAP. These changes can be hard to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results 
of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in our restating prior 
period financial statements or otherwise adversely affecting our financial condition or results of operations.

We may be adversely affected by the soundness of other financial institutions.

Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. We have exposure 
to  many  different  industries  and  counterparties,  and  routinely  execute  transactions  with  counterparties  in  the  financial  services 
industry, including commercial banks, brokers and dealers, investment banks, and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions 
expose us to credit risk in the event of a default by a counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the 
collateral held by us cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the credit or derivative 
exposure due to us. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in a highly competitive industry and market area and failure to effectively compete could have a material 
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We face substantial competition in all areas of our operations from a variety of different competitors, many of which are larger and 
may have more financial resources. Such competitors primarily include national, regional, and community banks within the various 
markets where we operate. We also face competition from many other types of financial institutions, including, without limitation, 
savings and loans, credit unions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries. The 
financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and 
continued consolidation. Also, technology and other changes have lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to 
offer products and services traditionally provided by banks. For example, consumers can maintain funds that would have historically 
been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills 
and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as 
“disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated 
from  those  deposits.  Further,  many  of  our  competitors  have  fewer  regulatory  constraints  and  may  have  lower  cost  structures. 
Additionally, due to their size, many competitors may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a broader 
range of products and services as well as better pricing for those products and services than we can.

Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things:

•  The  ability  to  develop,  maintain  and  build  long-term  customer  relationships  based  on  top  quality  service,  high  ethical 

standards and safe, sound assets.

•  The ability to expand our market position.
•  The scope, relevance and pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and demands.
•  The rate at which we introduce new products and services relative to our competitors.
•  Customer satisfaction with our level of service.
• 

Industry and general economic trends.

Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken our competitive position, which could adversely affect our growth 
and profitability, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our accounting estimates and risk management processes rely on analytical and forecasting models which may prove 
to  be  inadequate  or  inaccurate  which  could  result  in  unexpected  losses,  insufficient  allowances  for  loan  losses,  or 
unexpected fluctuations in the value of our financial instruments.

The processes we use to estimate our inherent loan losses and to measure the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the 
processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of 
operations, depends upon the use of analytical and forecasting models. These models reflect assumptions that may not be accurate, 
particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances. Even if these assumptions are adequate, the models may 
prove to be inadequate or inaccurate because of other flaws in their design or their implementation. If the models we use for interest 
rate risk and asset-liability management are inadequate, we may incur increased or unexpected losses upon changes in market interest 
rates or other market measures. If the models we use for determining our probable loan losses are inadequate, the allowance for loan 
losses may not be sufficient to support future charge-offs. If the models we use to measure the fair value of financial instruments are 
inadequate, the fair value of such financial instruments may fluctuate unexpectedly or may not accurately reflect what we could 
realize upon sale or settlement of such financial instruments. Any such failure in our analytical or forecasting models could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The value of our goodwill and other intangible assets may decline in the future.

As of December 31, 2018, we had $18.5 million of goodwill and other intangible assets. A significant decline in our expected future 
cash flows, a significant adverse change in the business climate, slower growth rates or a significant and sustained decline in the 
price of our common stock may necessitate taking charges in the future related to the impairment of our goodwill and other intangible 
assets. If we were to conclude that a future write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets is necessary, we would record the 
appropriate charge, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

New lines of business or new products and services may subject us to additional risks.

From time to time, we may implement new lines of business or offer new products and services within existing lines of business. 
There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully 
developed. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services we may invest significant time and 
resources. Initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not 
be  achieved  and  price  and  profitability  targets  may  not  prove  feasible.  External  factors,  such  as  compliance  with  regulations, 
competitive alternatives, and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of business 
or a new product or service. Furthermore, any new line of business and/or new product or service could have a significant impact 
on  the  effectiveness  of  our  system  of  internal  controls.  Failure  to  successfully  manage  these  risks  in  the  development  and 
implementation of new lines of business or new products or services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition and results of operations.

Potential acquisitions may disrupt our business and dilute stockholder value.

We generally seek merger or acquisition partners that are culturally similar and have experienced management and possess either 
significant  market  presence  or  have  potential  for  improved  profitability  through  financial  management,  economies  of  scale  or 
expanded services. Acquiring other banks, businesses, or branches involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, 
including, among other things:

Potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities of the target company.

Potential disruption to our business.
Potential diversion of our management’s time and attention.

• 
•  Exposure to potential asset quality issues of the target company.
• 
• 
•  The possible loss of key employees and customers of the target company.
•  Difficulty in estimating the value of the target company.
• 

Potential changes in banking or tax laws or regulations that may affect the target company.

Acquisitions typically involve the payment of a premium over book and market values, and, therefore, some dilution of our tangible 
book value and net income per common share may occur in connection with any future transaction. Furthermore, failure to realize 
the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence, and/or other projected benefits from an 
acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company is subject to liquidity risk, which could disrupt our ability to meet our financial obligations.

Liquidity refers to the ability of the Company to ensure sufficient levels of cash to fund operations, such as meeting deposit withdrawals, 
funding loan commitments, paying expenses and meeting quarterly payment obligations under certain subordinated debentures issued 
by the Company in connection with the issuance of floating rate redeemable trust preferred securities. The source of the funds for 
the Company’s debt obligations is dependent on the Bank. 

Any significant restriction or disruption of the Company’s ability to obtain funding from these or other sources could have a negative 
effect on the Company’s ability to satisfy its current and future financial obligations, which could materially affect the Company’s 
financial condition.

Limited  availability  of  borrowings  and  liquidity  from  the  FHLB  system  and  other  sources  could  negatively  impact 
earnings.

The Bank is currently a member bank of the FHLB of Pittsburgh. Membership in this system of quasi-governmental, regional home-
loan oriented agency banks allows us to participate in various programs offered by the FHLB. We borrow funds from the FHLB, 

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which are secured by a blanket lien on certain residential and commercial mortgage loans, and if applicable, investment securities 
with collateral values in excess of the outstanding balances. Current and future earnings shortfalls and minimum capital requirements 
of the FHLB may impact the collateral necessary to secure borrowings and limit the borrowings extended to their member banks, 
as well as require additional capital contributions by member banks. Should this occur, our short-term liquidity needs could be 
negatively impacted. If we were restricted from using FHLB advances due to weakness in the system or with the FHLB of Pittsburgh, 
we may be forced to find alternative funding sources. If we are required to rely more heavily on higher cost funding sources, revenues 
may not increase proportionately to cover these costs, which would adversely affect results of operations and financial position.

We may not be able to attract and retain the skilled people necessary to conduct our business.

Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in most activities 
engaged in by us can be intense and we may not be able to hire people or to retain them. Many of our branches are located in rural 
areas and small towns where the competition for labor can be fierce, and where the pool of qualified employees may be small. The 
unexpected loss of services of key personnel could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results 
of operations because of their skills, knowledge of our market, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding 
qualified replacement personnel.

Interruption to our information systems or breaches in security, including as a result of cyber attacks or other cyber 
incidents, could adversely affect the Company’s operations or otherwise harm our business.

The Company relies on information systems and communications for operating and monitoring all major aspects of business, as well 
as internal management functions. Any failure, interruption, intrusion or breach in security of these systems could result in failures 
or disruptions in the customer relationship, management, general ledger, deposit, loan and other systems. 

There  have  been  several  cyber-attacks  on  websites  of  large  financial  services  companies.  Even  if  not  directed  at  the  Company 
specifically, attacks on other entities with whom we do business or on whom we otherwise rely or attacks on financial or other 
institutions important to the overall functioning of the financial system could adversely affect, directly or indirectly, aspects of our 
business.

Cyber-attacks  on  third  party  retailers  or  other  business  establishments  that  widely  accept  debit  card  or  check  payments  could 
compromise sensitive Bank customer information, such as debit card and account numbers. Such an attack could result in significant 
costs to the Bank, such as costs to reimburse customers, reissue debit cards and open new customer accounts.

In addition, there have been efforts on the part of third parties to breach data security at financial institutions, including through the 
use of social engineering schemes such as “phishing.” The ability of our customers to bank remotely, including online and through 
mobile devices, requires secure transmission of confidential information and increases the risk of data security breaches. Because 
the techniques used to attack financial services company communications and information systems change frequently (and generally 
increase in sophistication), attacks are often not recognized until launched against a target and we may be unable to address these 
techniques in advance of attacks, including by implementing adequate preventative measures. We may also be unable to prevent 
attacks that are supported by foreign governments or other well-financed entities and that may originate from less regulated and 
remote areas of the world.

The occurrence of any such failure, disruption or security breach of our information systems, particularly if widespread or resulting 
in financial losses to our customers, could damage our reputation and our relationships with our partners and customers, result in a 
loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, and expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability. 
These risks could have a material effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We continually encounter technological change and failure to continually adapt to such change could materially impact 
our financial condition and results of operations. 

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-
driven products and services. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using 
technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our 
operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be 
able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services 
to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Table of Contents

Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions, or deposit funds electronically with 
banks having no branches within our market area, which could affect net income.

Technology and other changes allow parties to complete financial transactions without banks. For example, consumers can pay bills 
and transfer funds directly without banks. Consumers can also shop for higher deposit interest rates at banks across the country, 
which may offer higher rates because they have few or no physical branches and open deposit accounts electronically. This process 
could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of client deposits and the income generated from those deposits, in addition 
to increasing our funding costs.

Our operations rely on certain external vendors who may not perform in a satisfactory manner.

We are reliant upon certain external vendors to provide products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-day operations. 
Accordingly,  our  operations  are  exposed  to  risk  that  these  vendors  will  not  perform  in  accordance  with  applicable  contractual 
arrangements or service level agreements. We maintain a system of policies and procedures designed to monitor vendor risks including, 
among other things, (i) changes in the vendor’s organizational structure, (ii) changes in the vendor’s financial condition and (iii) 
changes in the vendor’s support for existing products and services. The failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with 
applicable contractual arrangements or the service level agreements could be disruptive to our operations, which could have a material 
adverse impact on the our business and its financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities.

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real property. During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on 
and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on 
these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, we may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury 
and property damage. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected 
property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or 
enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase our exposure to environmental liability. Environmental reviews of 
real property before initiating foreclosure actions may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation 
costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition and results of operations.

Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other external events could significantly impact our 
business.

Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on our 
ability to conduct business. In addition, such events could affect the stability of our deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to 
repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue 
and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. The occurrence of any such event in the future could have a material adverse effect on 
our business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Financial  services  companies  depend  on  the  accuracy  and  completeness  of  information  about  customers  and 
counterparties which, if inaccurate, could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of 
operations. 

In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, we may rely on information furnished by or on behalf of customers 
and counterparties, including financial statements, credit reports and other financial information. We may also rely on representations 
of those customers, counterparties or other third parties, such as independent auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that 
information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, credit reports or other financial information could have a 
material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to the Legal and Regulatory Environment

Changes in tax laws, including those included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, may adversely affect our performance and 
create the risk that we may need to adjust our accounting for these changes.

We are subject to extensive federal, state and local taxes, including income, excise, sales/use, payroll, franchise, withholding and ad 
valorem taxes. Changes to our taxes could have a material adverse effect on our performance. In addition, our customers are subject 

24

Table of Contents

to a wide variety of federal, state and local taxes. Changes in taxes paid by our customers may adversely affect their ability to purchase 
homes or consumer products, which could adversely affect their demand for our loans and deposit products. In addition, such negative 
effects on our customers could result in defaults on the loans we have made and decrease the value of mortgage-backed securities 
in which we have invested.

On December 22, 2017, H.R.1, formally known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the “Tax Reform Act”) was enacted into law. This 
new tax legislation made significant changes to U.S. tax laws and includes numerous provisions that affect businesses, such as ours.  
Among other things, the Tax Reform Act (i) establishes a new, flat corporate federal statutory income tax rate of 21%, (ii) eliminates 
the corporate alternative minimum tax and allows the use of any such carryforwards to offset regular tax liability for any taxable 
year, (iii) limits the deduction for net interest expense incurred by U.S. corporations, (iv) allows businesses to immediately expense, 
for tax purposes, the cost of new investments in certain qualified depreciable assets, (v) eliminates or reduces certain deductions 
related  to  meals  and  entertainment  expenses,  (vi)  modifies  the  limitation  on  excessive  employee  remuneration  to  eliminate  the 
exception for performance-based compensation and clarifies the definition of a covered employee and (vii) limits the deductibility 
of deposit insurance premiums.  The Tax Reform Act is unclear in certain respects and will require interpretations and implementing 
regulations by the Internal Revenue Service, as well as state tax authorities, and could be subject to amendments and technical 
corrections, any of which could lessen or increase the adverse (and positive) impacts of the Tax Form Act. The accounting treatment 
of these tax law changes is complex, and some of the changes may affect both current and future periods.  As discussed elsewhere 
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as a result of the Tax Reform Act the Company was required to re-measure its deferred tax 
asset, resulting in an income tax charge of $646 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2017.  Any future adjustments or changes 
resulting from the Tax Reform Act could affect our current or future financial statements, or both.

We are subject to extensive government regulation and supervision and possible enforcement and other legal actions 
that could detrimentally affect our business.

We, primarily through the Bank and certain non-bank subsidiaries, are subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision, 
which vests a significant amount of discretion in the various regulatory authorities. Banking regulations are primarily intended to 
protect depositors’ funds, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, not security holders. These regulations 
and supervisory guidance affect our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and growth, among 
other things. Congress and federal regulatory agencies continually review banking laws, regulations and policies for possible changes. 
The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in July 2010, instituted major changes to the banking and financial institutions regulatory regimes. 
Other  changes  to  statutes,  regulations  or  regulatory  policies  or  supervisory  guidance,  including  changes  in  interpretation  or 
implementation of statutes, regulations, policies or supervisory guidance, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways. Such 
changes could subject us to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products we may offer and/or increase the ability 
of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, among other things. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, 
policies or supervisory guidance could result in enforcement and other legal actions by Federal or state authorities, including criminal 
and civil penalties, the loss of FDIC insurance, the revocation of a banking charter, other sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil 
money penalties and/or reputational damage. In this regard, government authorities, including the bank regulatory agencies, are 
pursuing aggressive enforcement actions with respect to compliance and other legal matters involving financial activities, which 
heightens the risks associated with actual and perceived compliance failures. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse 
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

For further detail, see the sections captioned “Supervision and Regulation” included in Item 1, Business, and Note 14, “Regulatory 
Capital Requirements” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary 
Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Failure  to  meet  any  of  the  various  capital  adequacy  guidelines  which  we  are  subject  to  could  adversely  affect  our 
operations and could compromise the status of the Company as a financial holding company.

The Company and the Bank are required to meet certain regulatory capital adequacy guidelines and other regulatory requirements 
imposed by the Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC and the U.S. Department of Treasury. If the Company or the Bank fails to meet 
these minimum capital guidelines and other regulatory requirements, our financial condition and results of operations would be 
materially and adversely affected and could compromise the status of the Company as a banking holding company. See the sections 
captioned “Supervision and Regulation—Capital Requirements” in Item 1, Business, and Note 14, “Regulatory Capital Requirements” 
of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K, for detailed capital guidelines for bank holding companies and banks.

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Table of Contents

The Company is a financial holding company, and its sources of funds are limited.

The Company is a financial holding company and its operations are primarily conducted by the Bank, which is subject to significant 
federal and state regulation. Cash available to pay dividends to shareholders of the Company is derived primarily from dividends 
paid by the Bank. As a result, the Company’s ability to receive dividends or loans from its subsidiary is restricted. Under federal law, 
the payment of dividends by the Bank is subject to capital adequacy requirements. The Federal Reserve Board and/or the FDIC 
prohibit a dividend payment by the Company or the Bank that would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. See the sections 
captioned “Supervision and Regulation – Limit on Dividends” in Item 1, Business, and Note 14, “Regulatory Capital Requirements” 
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K.

The inability of the Bank to generate profits and pay such dividends to the Company, or regulator restrictions on the payment of such 
dividends to the Company even if earned, would have an adverse effect on the financial condition and results of operations of the 
Company and the Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders.

In addition, since the Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank, its right to participate in the distribution of assets 
of the Bank upon the Bank’s liquidation, reorganization or otherwise will be subject to the prior claims of the Bank’s creditors, which 
will generally take priority over the Bank’s shareholders.

Risks Associated With Our Common Stock

The trading volume in our common stock is less than that of other larger financial services companies.

Shares of our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on December 7, 2017 under the symbol “MVBF,” and 
were previously traded on the OTC Bulletin Board. There has been limited trading in our shares over the last 12 months. If limited 
trading in the common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell such shares in the public market at any given time at 
prevailing prices. Also, the sale of a large block of common stock could depress the market price of the common stock to a greater 
degree than a company that typically has a higher volume of trading of its securities.

If we are unable to maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing requirements, our stock could be delisted, and the trading 
price, volume and marketability of our stock could be adversely affected.

As of December 7, 2017, our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Previously, our common stock was traded 
on the OTC Bulletin Board. There can be no assurances, however, that we will be able to maintain compliance with Nasdaq’s present 
listing standards, or that Nasdaq will not implement additional listing standards with which we will be unable to comply. Failure to 
maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing requirements could result in the delisting of our shares from trading on the Nasdaq system, 
which could have a material adverse effect on the trading price, volume and marketability of our common stock.

Our stock price can be volatile.

Stock price volatility may make it more difficult for you to resell your common stock when you want and at prices you find attractive. 
Our stock price can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors including, among other things:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 
• 
• 

actual or anticipated variations in quarterly results of operations;
recommendations by securities analysts;
operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us;
news reports relating to trends, concerns and other issues in the financial services industry;
perceptions in the marketplace regarding us and/or our competitors;
new technology used, or services offered, by competitors;
significant  acquisitions  or  business  combinations,  strategic  partnerships,  joint  ventures  or  capital  commitments  by  or 
involving us or our competitors;
failure to integrate acquisitions or realize anticipated benefits from acquisitions;
changes in government regulations; and
geopolitical conditions such as acts or threats of terrorism or military conflicts.

General market fluctuations, including real or anticipated changes in the strength of the economies we serve; industry factors and 
general economic and political conditions and events, such as economic slowdowns or recessions; interest rate changes, oil price 
volatility or credit loss trends could also cause our stock price to decrease regardless of operating results.

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Table of Contents

Our ability to pay dividends is not certain and we may be unable to pay future dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, 
if any, of our common stock may be your sole opportunity for gains on your investment for the foreseeable future.

Our ability to pay dividends in the future is not certain. Any future determination relating to dividend policy will be made at the 
discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors, including our future earnings, capital requirements, 
financial condition, future prospects, regulatory restrictions and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. The 
holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, and if declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally 
available for that purpose. As part of our consideration of whether to pay cash dividends, we intend to retain adequate funds from 
future earnings to support the development and growth of our business. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is restricted by 
federal policies and regulations and by the terms of our existing indebtedness. It is the policy of the Federal Reserve Board that bank 
holding companies should pay cash dividends on common stock only out of net income available over the past year and only if 
prospective  earnings  retention  is  consistent  with  the  organization’s  expected  future  needs  and  financial  condition.  For  further 
information, see the section captioned “Supervision and Regulation – Limit on Dividends” in Item 1, Business, of this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K.

We are exposed to risks relating to evaluations of controls required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

We  are  required  to  comply  with  Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley Act  of  2002. At  December 31,  2018,  we  have  no  material 
weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting but a material weakness could occur in the future. A “material weakness” 
is  a  control  deficiency,  or  combination  of  significant  deficiencies  that  results  in  more  than  a  remote  likelihood  that  a  material 
misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. If we fail to maintain a system of internal 
control over financial reporting that meets the requirements of Section 404, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by 
regulatory authorities. Additionally, failure to comply with Section 404 or the report by us of a material weakness may cause investors 
to lose confidence in our financial statements and our stock price may be adversely affected. If we fail to remedy any material 
weakness, our financial statements may be inaccurate, we may not have access to the capital markets, and our stock price may be 
adversely affected.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The Company, through its Bank subsidiary, owns its main office located at 301 Virginia Avenue in Fairmont, West Virginia. The 
Company’s subsidiary owns or leases various other offices in the counties and cities in which they operate. As of December 31, 2018, 
the Company operated fifteen full-service banking branches and eleven mortgage-only offices, with locations as further described 
in Item 1, Business, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Eight of the fifteen full-service banking branches are owned and the 
remaining seven are leased. All mortgage locations are leased.

No one facility is material to the Company. Management believes that the facilities are generally in good condition and suitable for 
the operations for which they are used. However, management continually looks for opportunities to upgrade its facilities and locations 
and may do so in the future.

Additional information concerning the property and equipment owned or leased by the Company and its subsidiary is incorporated 
herein by reference from Note 4, “Premises and Equipment” and Note 16, “Leases” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time in the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiary are subject to claims, asserted or unasserted, 
or named as a party to lawsuits or investigations. Litigation, in general, and intellectual property and securities litigation, in particular, 
can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with 
any certainty, and in the case of more complex legal proceedings, the results are difficult to predict at all. The Company is not aware 
of any asserted or unasserted legal proceedings or claims that the Company believes would have a material adverse effect on the 
Company’s financial condition or results of the Company’s operations.

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Table of Contents

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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Table of Contents

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MVBF.”

The table presented below provides the quarterly high and low sales prices, closing sales price and dividends declared for the last 
two years. The information set forth in the table is based on knowledge of certain arms-length transactions in the stock. In addition, 
dividends are subject to the restrictions described in Note 15, “Regulatory Restriction on Dividend” of the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Quarterly Market and Dividend Information:

2018

Fourth Quarter

Third Quarter

Second Quarter

First Quarter

2017

Fourth Quarter

Third Quarter

Second Quarter

First Quarter

High

Low

Last

Dividend

$

19.53

$

17.11

$

18.04

$

19.45

19.75

20.00

16.24

17.73

17.86

18.02

18.05

19.75

$

20.40

$

18.26

$

20.10

$

18.90

13.25

14.00

13.05

12.55

12.70

18.80

13.20

12.75

0.030

0.030

0.025

0.025

0.025

0.025

0.025

0.025

MVB Financial Corp. had 1,012 stockholders of record at March 7, 2019.

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Table of Contents

The following five-year performance graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return (assuming reinvestment of dividends) 
on the Company’s common stock to the KBW Bank Index and the Russell 2000 Index. The stock performance graph assumes $100
was invested on December 31, 2013, and the cumulative return is measured as of each subsequent fiscal year end.

Index

12/31/2013

12/31/2014

12/31/2015

12/31/2016

12/31/2017

12/31/2018

MVB Financial Corp.

$

100.00

$

90.78

$

79.88

$

78.55

$

123.13

$

KBW Bank Index

Russell 2000

100.00

100.00

107.22

103.53

105.52

97.62

132.53

116.63

154.07

131.96

111.39

123.87

115.89

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

None.

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Table of Contents

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following consolidated summary sets forth the Company’s selected financial data that has been derived from the Company’s 
audited consolidated financial statements for each of the periods and at the dates indicated

(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

Balance Sheet Data:

Assets
Investment securities
Loans, net
Loans held for sale
Deposits
Stockholders’ equity
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted

Income Statement Data:

Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Provision for loan loss
Net interest income after provision for loan loss
Noninterest income
Noninterest expense
Income from continuing operations, before income taxes
Income tax expense - continuing operations
Net Income from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, before income taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) - discontinued operations
Net Income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net Income
Preferred dividends
Net Income available to common shareholders

Per Share Data:

Earnings per share from continuing operations - basic
Earnings per share from discontinued operations - basic
Earnings per share per common shareholder - basic
Earnings per share from continuing operations - diluted
Earnings per share from discontinued operations - diluted
Earnings per share per common shareholder - diluted
Cash dividends
Book value
Tangible book value 1
Asset Quality Ratios:

Nonperforming loans to gross loans
Nonperforming assets to total assets
Net charge-offs to gross loans
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans

Selected Ratios:

Return on average assets - continuing operations
Return on average assets - discontinued operations
Return on average equity - continuing operations
Return on average equity - discontinued operations
Dividend payout
Efficiency ratio
Equity to assets
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
Total risk-based capital ratio
Leverage ratio

$

$

$

2018

1,750,969
231,213
1,293,427
75,807
1,309,154
176,773
11,030,984
12,722,003

69,760
17,706
52,054
2,440
49,614
38,640
72,878
15,376
3,373
12,003
—
—
—
12,003
489
11,514

1.04
—
1.04
1.00
—
1.00
0.11
14.55
12.92

0.54%
0.53
0.11
0.84

0.73%
—
7.46
—
10.16
80.36
10.10
11.16
12.02
13.78
9.87

$

$

$

Years Ended December 31,
2016

2017

2015

1,534,302
231,507
1,096,063
66,794
1,159,580
150,192
10,308,738
10,440,228

56,598
12,301
44,297
2,173
42,124
40,706
70,500
12,330
4,755
7,575
—
—
—
7,575
498
7,077

0.69
—
0.69
0.68
—
0.68
0.10
13.63
11.80

0.88%
0.72
0.13
0.89

0.52%
—
5.23
—
13.64
82.94
9.79
10.55
11.54
14.87
9.27

$

$

$

1,418,804
162,368
1,043,764
90,174
1,107,017
145,624
8,212,021
10,068,733

54,123
11,132
42,991
3,632
39,359
43,205
69,209
13,355
4,378
8,977
6,346
2,411
3,935
12,912
1,128
11,784

0.96
0.48
1.44
0.92
0.39
1.31
0.08
12.93
11.01

0.59%
0.47
0.24
0.86

0.63%
0.28
7.30
3.20
5.00
80.29
10.26
10.11
11.92
15.36
9.54

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,384,476
123,115
1,024,164
102,623
1,012,314
114,712
8,104,316
8,140,116

44,100
9,225
34,875
2,493
32,382
34,955
57,848
9,489
2,886
6,603
353
140
213
6,816
575
6,241

0.75
0.03
0.78
0.74
0.03
0.77
0.08
12.20
9.81

0.99%
0.76
0.07
0.78

0.54%
0.02
5.89
0.19
9.40
82.84
8.29
7.59
9.47
12.91
7.77

2014

1,110,459
122,751
792,074
69,527
823,227
109,438
7,905,468
8,102,117

36,168
7,511
28,657
2,582
26,075
22,022
45,194
2,903
248
2,655
(920)
(344)
(576)
2,079
332
1,747

0.29
(0.07)
0.22
0.29
(0.07)
0.22
0.08
11.59
9.44

1.16%
0.89
0.16
0.78

0.26%
(0.06)
2.57
(0.56)
30.59
89.18
9.86

N/A

12.03
16.40
8.98

1 This is a non-GAAP measure that the Company believes is helpful to interpreting financial results. For a reconciliation to the most 
directly comparable GAAP financial measure, please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation” below.

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(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation

Years Ended December 31,

Goodwill

Core deposit intangibles

Total intangibles

Total Equity

Less: Preferred equity

Less: Total intangibles

Tangible common equity

18,480

550

19,030

176,773

(7,834)

(19,030)

149,909

18,480

646

19,126

150,192

(7,834)

(19,126)

123,232

Tangible common equity

Common shares outstanding

Tangible book value per common share

149,909

11,607,293

12.92

123,232

10,444,627

11.80

18,480

744

19,224

145,624

(16,334)

(19,224)

110,066

110,066

9,996,544

11.01

18,480

845

19,325

114,712

(16,334)

(19,325)

79,053

79,053

8,061,921

9.81

17,778

1

17,779

109,438
(16,334)
(17,779)
75,325

75,325

7,983,285

9.44

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 
OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements:

Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are based on other than historical data are “forward-looking statements” within 
the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations or 
forecasts of future events and include, among others:

• 

• 

statements with respect to the beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, anticipations, and future financial 
condition, results of operations and performance of the Company and its subsidiary (collectively, “we,” “our,” or “us”), 
including the Bank; and
statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” 
“estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “projects,” “outlook” or similar expressions.

These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, nor should they be relied upon as representing the 
Company’s or the Bank management’s views as of any subsequent date. Forward-looking statements involve significant risks and 
uncertainties (both known and unknown) and actual results may differ materially from those presented, either expressed or implied, 
including, but not limited to, those presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis section. Factors that might cause such 
differences include, but are not limited to:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the ability of the Company, the Bank, and MVB Mortgage to successfully execute business plans, manage risks, and achieve 
objectives;
changes in local, national and international political and economic conditions, including without limitation changes in the 
political and economic climate, economic conditions and fiscal imbalances in the United States and other countries, potential 
or  actual  downgrades  in  rating  of  sovereign  debt  issued  by  the  United  States  and  other  countries,  and  other  major 
developments, including wars, natural disasters, military actions, and terrorist attacks;
changes in financial market conditions, either internationally, nationally or locally in areas in which the Company, the Bank, 
and MVB Mortgage conduct operations, including without limitation, reduced rates of business formation and growth, 
commercial and residential real estate development and real estate prices;
fluctuations  in  markets  for  equity,  fixed-income,  commercial  paper  and  other  securities,  including  availability,  market 
liquidity levels, and pricing; changes in interest rates, the quality and composition of the loan and securities portfolios, 
demand for loan products, deposit flows and competition;
the ability of the Company, the Bank, and MVB Mortgage to successfully conduct acquisitions and integrate acquired 
businesses;
potential  difficulties  in  expanding  the  businesses  of  the  Company,  the  Bank,  and  MVB  Mortgage  in  existing  and  new 
markets;
increases in the levels of losses, customer bankruptcies, bank failures, claims, and assessments;
changes in fiscal, monetary, regulatory, trade and tax policies and laws, including the recently enacted Tax Reform Act, and 
regulatory assessments and fees, including policies of the U.S. Department of Treasury, the Federal Reserve, and the FDIC;
the impact of executive compensation rules under the Dodd-Frank Act and banking regulations which may impact the ability 
of the Company and its subsidiaries, and other American financial institutions to retain and recruit executives and other 
personnel necessary for their businesses and competitiveness;
the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and of new international standards known as Basel III, and rules and regulations thereunder, 
many  of  which  have  not  yet  been  promulgated,  on  our  required  regulatory  capital  and  liquidity  levels,  governmental 
assessments on us, the scope of business activities in which we may engage, the manner in which the Company, the Bank, 
and MVB Mortgage engage in such activities, the fees that the Company’s subsidiaries may charge for certain products and 
services, and other matters affected by the Dodd-Frank Act and these international standards;
continuing consolidation in the financial services industry; new legal claims against the Company, the Bank, and MVB 
Mortgage, including litigation, arbitration and proceedings brought by governmental or self-regulatory agencies, or changes 
in existing legal matters;
success in gaining regulatory approvals, when required, including for proposed mergers or acquisitions;
changes in consumer spending and savings habits;
increased competitive challenges and expanding product and pricing pressures among financial institutions;
inflation and deflation;
technological changes and the implementation of new technologies by the Company and its subsidiaries;
the ability of the Company, the Bank, and MVB Mortgage to develop and maintain secure and reliable information technology 
systems;

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• 

• 

• 

legislation or regulatory changes which adversely affect the operations or business of the Company, the Bank, and MVB 
Mortgage;
the ability of the Company, the Bank, and MVB Mortgage to comply with applicable laws and regulations; changes in 
accounting policies or procedures as may be required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or regulatory agencies;  
and
costs of deposit insurance and changes with respect to FDIC insurance coverage levels.

Certain risk factors that might cause actual results may differ materially from those presented are more fully described in this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K within Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, and from time to time, in other filings with the SEC. Actual results may 
differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any forward-looking statement. Readers are cautioned not to place undue 
reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Except to the extent required by law, 
the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to update any factors or to publicly announce the result of revisions to any of the 
forward-looking statements included herein to reflect future events or developments.

In this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, we review and explain the general financial condition and the results of operations 
for MVB Financial Corp. and its subsidiaries. We have designed this discussion to assist you in understanding the significant changes 
in the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. We have used GAAP to prepare the accompanying consolidated 
financial statements. We engaged Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP to audit the consolidated financial statements and internal controls 
over financial reporting and their independent audit reports are included herein.

Introduction

The following discussion and analysis of the Consolidated Financial Statements is presented to provide insight into management’s 
assessment of the financial results and operations of the Company. You should read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with 
the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes and the ratios and statistics contained elsewhere in this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and follow general practices within the 
banking industry. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect 
the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements; accordingly, as this information changes, the consolidated financial 
statements could reflect different estimates, assumptions, and judgments. Certain policies inherently have a greater reliance on the 
use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially 
different than originally reported. Estimates, assumptions, and judgments are necessary when assets and liabilities are required to 
be recorded at fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset not carried on the consolidated financial statements at fair value 
warrants an impairment write-down or valuation reserve to be established, or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded contingent 
upon a future event. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in more financial statement volatility. The fair 
values and the information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based either on quoted market 
prices  or  are  provided  by  other  third-party  sources,  when  available.  When  third-party  information  is  not  available,  valuation 
adjustments are estimated in good faith by management primarily through the use of internal forecasting techniques.

The most significant accounting policies followed by the Company are presented in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting 
Policies” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, 
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These policies, along with the disclosures presented in the other financial statement notes and 
in management’s discussion and analysis of operations, provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in 
the consolidated financial statements and how those values are determined. Based on the valuation techniques used and the sensitivity 
of financial statement amounts to the methods, assumptions, and estimates underlying those amounts, management has identified 
the determination of the allowance for loan losses to be the accounting area that requires the most subjective or complex judgments, 
and as such could be most subject to revision as new information becomes available.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Allowance for Loan Losses (“ALL”) represents management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio. 
Determining the amount of the ALL is considered a critical accounting estimate because it requires significant judgment and the use 
of estimates related to the amount and timing of losses inherent in classifications of homogeneous loans based on the Bank’s historical 
loss experience and consideration of current economic trends and conditions, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. 
Non-homogeneous loans are specifically evaluated due to the increased risks inherent in those loans. The loan portfolio also represents 

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the largest asset type in the consolidated balance sheet. Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 
10-K, describes the methodology used to determine the ALL and a discussion of the factors driving changes in the amount of the 
ALL.

Investment Securities

Investment securities at the time of purchase are classified as one of the following:

Held-to-Maturity Securities - Includes securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. These 
securities are reported at amortized cost. 

Available-for-Sale Securities - Includes debt that will be held for indefinite periods of time. These securities may be sold in 
response to changes in market interest or prepayment rates, needs for liquidity and changes in the availability of and yield of alternative 
investments. Such securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported 
as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of estimated income tax effect.

Equity Securities - Includes equity securities that are adjusted to fair value on a monthly basis, with the change in value recorded 
directly on the income statement. 

The amortized cost of investment in debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, computed 
by a method that results in a level yield. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are computed on the basis of specific 
identification of the adjusted cost of each security.

Securities are periodically reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment. For debt securities, management considers whether the 
present value of future cash flows expected to be collected are less than the security’s amortized cost basis (the difference defined 
as the credit loss), the magnitude and duration of the decline, the reasons underlying the decline and the Company’s intent to sell the 
security or whether it is more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery 
in market value, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary. Once a decline in value is determined to be other 
than temporary, if the Company does not intend to sell the security, and it is more-likely-than-not that it will not be required to sell 
the security, before recovery of the security’s amortized cost basis, the charge to earnings is limited to the amount of credit loss. Any 
remaining difference between fair value and amortized cost (the difference defined as the non-credit portion) is recognized in other 
comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. A decline in value that is considered to be other-than-temporary is recorded as a loss 
within noninterest income in the consolidated statement of income.

Common stock of the FHLB represents ownership in an institution which is wholly owned by other financial institutions. These 
equity securities are accounted for at cost, less impairment and are classified as other assets.

See Note 2, “Investment Securities” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Company’s policy regarding the other than temporary impairment 
of investment securities.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

As discussed in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included 
in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company must assess goodwill 
and other intangible assets each year for impairment. This assessment involves estimating the fair value of the Company’s reporting 
units. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill, the Company would be required to take 
a charge against earnings to write down the assets to the lower value.

Deferred Tax Assets

The Company uses an estimate of future earnings to support our position that the benefit of our deferred tax assets will be realized. 
If future income should prove non-existent or less than the amount of the deferred tax assets within the tax years to which they may 
be applied, the asset may not be realized and our net income will be reduced. Management also evaluates deferred tax assets to 
determine if it is more likely than not that the deferred tax benefit will be utilized in future periods. If not, a valuation allowance is 
recorded. Our deferred tax assets are described further in Note 8, “Income Taxes” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Developments

In  February  2018,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”)  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  (“ASU”) 
2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income  (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated 
Other Comprehensive Income. This update requires a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to 
retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Reform Act, 
which was enacted on December 22, 2017.  The Tax Reform Act included a reduction to the corporate income tax rate from 34 
percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. The amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 
15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2018-02 during the first 
quarter of 2018 and elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act from AOCI to retained earnings. The amount 
of the reclassification is the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21 percent corporate 
income tax rate, which amounted to $646 thousand. 

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the 
existing hedge accounting model and expands an entity’s ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components and reduce 
complexity in fair value hedges of interest-rate risk. The ASU eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge 
ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income 
statement line as the hedged item. The ASU also changes certain documentation and assessment requirements and modifies the 
accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. This ASU is effective for public business entities 
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is early adopting this ASU in 
accordance with paragraph ASC 815-20-65-3 subpart C. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s 
financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements. However, by early adopting, the Company is now 
able to pursue additional hedging strategies as described above, including the ability to apply fair value hedge accounting to a specified 
pool of assets by excluding the portion of the hedged items related to prepayments, defaults and other events. This will allow the 
Company to better align its accounting and the financial reporting of its hedging activities with their economic objectives thereby 
reducing the earnings volatility resulting from these hedging activities.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables–Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium 
Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This ASU amends guidance on the amortization period of premiums on certain 
purchased callable debt securities. Specifically, the amendments shorten the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased 
callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amendments affect all entities that hold investments in callable debt securities 
that have an amortized cost basis in excess of the amount that is repayable by the issuer at the earliest call date (that is, at a premium). 
For public companies, this update will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including all interim periods 
within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to be material to the consolidated financial statements, as it 
is our current policy to amortize premiums of investment securities to the earliest call date.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill 
Impairment. Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), currently requires an entity that has not elected the private 
company alternative for goodwill to perform a two-step test to determine the amount, if any, of goodwill impairment. In Step 1, an 
entity compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting 
unit exceeds its fair value, the entity performs Step 2 and compares the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount of 
that goodwill for that reporting unit. An impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill for the 
reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill is recorded, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting 
unit. To address concerns over the cost and complexity of the two-step goodwill impairment test, the amendments in this update 
remove the second step of the test. An entity will apply a one-step quantitative test and record the amount of goodwill impairment 
as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the 
reporting unit. The new guidance does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. For public companies, 
this update will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including all interim periods within those fiscal 
years. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on 
Financial Instruments. The new guidance replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with an expected 
credit loss methodology and requires consideration of a broader range of information to determine credit loss estimates. Financial 
assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for credit losses. 
Purchased credit impaired loans will receive an allowance account at the acquisition date that represents a component of the purchase 
price allocation. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, 
with such allowance limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. The guidance is effective for fiscal years 

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beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company’s project management team and 
Management Loan Committee (“MLC”) engaged a third party to assist with a data gap analysis and will utilize the data to determine 
the impact of the pronouncement. Additionally, the Company has researched and acquired software to assist with implementation 
that will be tested throughout 2018.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, 
lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date:
(1) A lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and 
(2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease 
term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where 
necessary,  lessor  accounting  with  the  lessee  accounting  model  and  Topic  606,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers.  The 
amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those 
fiscal years. ASU 2016-02 initially required transition using a modified retrospective approach for leases existing at, or entered into 
after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 
2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements, which, among other things, provides an additional transition method that 
would allow entities to not apply the guidance in ASU 2016-02 in the comparative periods presented in the financial statements and 
instead recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. In December 
2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements, for Lessors which provides certain 
policy elections and changes lessor accounting for sales and similar taxes and certain lessor costs. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-02, 
ASU 2018-11, and ASU 2018-20 on January 1, 2019, the Company expects to recognize right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities 
ranging from $12.0 million to $13.0 million and $15.0 million to $16.0 million, respectively. The Company expects to elect to apply 
certain practical expedients provided under ASU 2016-02 whereby the Company will not reassess (i) whether any expired or existing 
contracts are or contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (iii) initial direct costs for any 
existing leases. The Company also does not expect to apply the recognition requirements of ASU 2016-02 to any short-term leases 
(as defined by related accounting guidance). The Company also expects to account for lease and non-lease components separately 
because such amounts are readily determinable under our lease contracts and because the Company expects this election will result 
in a lower impact on our balance sheet. The Company expects to utilize the modified-retrospective transition approach prescribed 
by ASU 2018-11.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Accounting for Financial Instruments -  Overall: Classification and Measurement 
(Subtopic 825-10). Amendments within ASU 2016-01 that relate to non-public entities have been excluded from this presentation. 
The amendments in this ASU 2016-01 address the following: 1) require equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes 
in fair value recognized in net income; 2) simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily-determinable 
fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment; 3) eliminate the requirement to disclose the method(s) and 
significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized 
cost on the balance sheet; 4) require entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for 
disclosure purposes; 5) require separate presentation in other comprehensive income for the portion of the total change in the fair 
value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability 
at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; 6) require separate presentation of financial assets 
and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the 
balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; and 7) clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a 
valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax 
assets. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim 
periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 on 
January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In accordance with 5) above, 
the Company measures fair value of its loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using an exit price notion. See Note 17, “Fair Value of 
Financial  Instruments”  of  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included  in  Item  8,  Financial  Statements  and 
Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new revenue pronouncement 
creates a single source of revenue guidance for all companies in all industries and is more principles-based than current revenue 
guidance. The pronouncement provides a five-step model for a company to recognize revenue when it transfers control of goods or 
services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or 
services. The five steps are, (1) identify the contract with the customer, (2) identify the separate performance obligations in the 
contract,  (3) determine  the  transaction  price,  (4) allocate  the  transaction  price  to  the  separate  performance  obligations  and 
(5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. The Company evaluated the impact of this standard on individual 
customer contracts, while management evaluated the impact of this standard on the broad categories of its customer contracts and 
revenue streams. The Company determined that this standard did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements 

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because revenue related to financial instruments, including loans and investment securities are not in scope of these updates. Loan 
interest income, investment interest income, insurance services revenue and BOLI are accounted for under other U.S. GAAP standards 
and out of scope of ASC 606 revenue standard. The Company also completed an evaluation of certain costs related to customer 
contracts and revenue streams to determine whether such costs should be presented as expenses or contra-revenue (i.e., gross versus 
net). Based on the evaluation, the Company determined that the classification of certain debit and credit card related costs should 
change  (i.e.,  costs  previously  recorded  as  expense  are  now  recorded  as  contra-revenue).  This  classification  change  resulted  in 
immaterial changes to both revenue and expense. The Company adopted the revenue recognition standard and its related amendments 
as of January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach. Since there was no net income impact upon adoption of the new 
guidance, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. Consistent with the modified 
retrospective approach, the Company did not adjust prior period amounts for the debit and credit card related cost reclassifications 
noted above.

Summary Financial Results

Excluding discontinued operations, the Company earned $12.0 million in 2018 compared to $7.6 million in 2017, an increase of 
$4.4 million. The 2018 earnings equated to a return on average assets of 0.73% and a return on average equity of 7.46%, compared 
to 2017 results of 0.52% and 5.23%, respectively. Basic earnings per share were $1.04 in 2018 compared to $0.69 in 2017. Diluted 
earnings per share were $1.00 in 2018 compared to $0.68 in 2017.

Excluding discontinued operations, the Company earned $7.6 million in 2017 compared to $9.0 million in 2016, a decrease of $1.4 
million. The 2017 earnings equated to a return on average assets of 0.52% and a return on average equity of 5.23%, compared to 
2016 results of 0.63% and 7.30%, respectively. Basic earnings per share were $0.69 in 2017 compared to $0.96 in 2016. Diluted 
earnings per share were $0.68 in 2017 compared to $0.92 in 2016. 

Net interest income increased $7.8 million, noninterest income decreased $2.1 million, and noninterest expenses increased by $2.4 
million during 2018 compared to 2017. The Company’s yield on earning assets in 2018 was 4.58% compared to 4.17% in 2017. 
Total loans increased by $198.4 million to $1.3 billion at December 31, 2018. 

Net interest income increased $1.3 million, noninterest income decreased $2.5 million and noninterest expenses increased by $1.3 
million during 2017 compared to 2016. The Company’s yield on earning assets in 2017 was 4.17% compared to 4.05% in 2016. 
Total loans increased by $53.1 million to $1.1 billion at December 31, 2017. 

Deposits increased $149.6 million to $1.3 billion at December 31, 2018, from $1.2 billion at December 31, 2017. The Bank offers 
an uncomplicated product design accompanied by a simple fee structure that is attractive to customers. The overall cost of interest-
bearing liabilities for the Company was 1.37% in 2018 compared to 1.04% in 2017. This cost of interest-bearing liabilities, combined 
with the earning asset yield, resulted in a net interest margin of 3.41% in 2018 compared to 3.27% in 2017.

Deposits increased $52.6 million to $1.2 billion at December 31, 2017, from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2016. The overall cost of 
interest-bearing liabilities for the Company was 1.04% in 2017 compared to 0.93% in 2016. Increasing the asset yield at a faster 
pace than the cost of interest-bearing liabilities resulted in a net interest margin of 3.27% in 2017 compared to 3.22% in 2016.

Interest Income and Expense

Net interest income is the amount by which interest income on earning assets exceeds interest expense incurred on interest-bearing 
liabilities. Interest-earning assets include loans, investment securities and certificates of deposit in other banks. Interest-bearing 
liabilities include interest-bearing deposits and borrowed funds such as sweep accounts and repurchase agreements. Net interest 
income remains the primary source of revenue for the Bank. Net interest income is also impacted by changes in market interest rates, 
as well as the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is also impacted favorably by increases 
in noninterest bearing demand deposits and equity.

Net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets and serves as a measurement of 
the net revenue stream generated by the Bank’s balance sheet. Net interest margin was 3.41% in 2018 compared to 3.27% and 3.22% 
in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The net interest margin continues to face considerable pressure due rising interest rates and competitive 
pricing of loans and deposits in the Bank’s markets. During 2018, the Federal Reserve raised its key interest rate from a range of 
1.25% to 1.50% to a range of 2.25% to 2.50%. Management’s estimate of the impact of future changes in market interest rates is 
shown in the section captioned “Interest Rate Risk.”

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Net interest spread is calculated by taking the difference between interest earned on earning assets and interest paid on interest-
bearing liabilities in an effort to maximize net interest income while maintaining an appropriate level of interest rate risk. Net interest 
spread was 3.21% in 2018 compared to 3.13% and 3.12% in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The difference between the net interest 
margin and net interest spread was 20 basis points in 2018 compared to 14 basis points in 2017. This was due to an increase of $53.9 
million in average noninterest bearing demand deposits.

Company management continues to analyze methods to deploy assets into an earning asset mix which will result in a stronger net 
interest margin. Loan growth continues to be strong and management anticipates that loan activity will remain strong in the near 
term future.

During 2018, net interest income increased by $7.8 million, or 17.5%, to $52.1 million from $44.3 million in 2017. This increase is 
largely due to the growth in average earning assets, primarily $24.3 million in taxable investment securities and $102.7 million in 
commercial loans. Average total earning assets was $1.52 billion in 2018 compared to $1.36 billion in 2017. Average total loans and 
loans held for sale increased to $1.28 billion in 2018 from $1.15 billion in 2017, primarily as the result of a  $102.7 million increase 
in average commercial loans. As a result of the increase in average total earning assets, total interest income increased by $13.2 
million, or 23.3%, to $69.8 million in 2018 from $56.6 million in 2017. Average investment securities increased $44.7 million, as 
the result of a $24.3 million increase in taxable investments and a $20.4 million increase in tax-exempt investments. Yield on tax-
exempt securities increased 38 basis points and taxable securities yield increased 27 basis points. Average interest-bearing liabilities 
increased in 2018 by $111.3 million. The increase was primarily the result of a $57.3 million increase in the average balance of 
certificates of deposit, a $68.5 million increase in the average balance of borrowings, and a $5.4 million increase in the average 
balance of money market checking accounts, partially offset by a $5.3 million decrease in the average balance of NOW accounts, a 
$5.0 million decrease in the average balance of repurchase agreements and federal funds sold, and a $7.8 million decrease in the 
average balance of subordinated debt due to conversions into common stock. Average interest-bearing deposits grew to $1.1 billion 
in 2018 from $1.0 billion in 2017. Total interest expense increased by $5.4 million, caused primarily by a $3.3 million increase in 
deposit interest and a $2.6 million increase in interest on FHLB and other borrowings. The result was a 33 basis point increase in 
the cost of interest bearing liabilities from 2017 to 2018.

During 2017, net interest income increased by $1.3 million, or 3.0%, to $44.3 million from $43.0 million in 2016. This increase is 
largely due to the growth in net interest income margin, primarily the 15 basis point increase in loans and loans held for sale. Average 
total earning assets were $1.4 billion in 2017 compared to $1.3 billion in 2016. Average total loans and loans held for sale decreased 
to $1.15 billion in 2017 from $1.17 billion in 2016. Primarily as a result of the growth in net interest income margin, total interest 
income increased by $2.5 million, or 4.6%, to $56.6 million in 2017 from $54.1 million in 2016. Average investment securities 
increased $44.0 million, mainly as the result of a $49.3 million increase in taxable investments and a $5.3 million average decrease 
in tax-exempt investments. Yield on tax-exempt securities increased 28 basis points, while taxable securities increased 33 basis 
points. Average interest-bearing liabilities, mainly driven by borrowings, decreased in 2017 by $9.9 million. Average interest-bearing 
deposits grew to $1.0 billion in 2017 from $992.7 million in 2016. Total interest expense increased by $1.2 million, caused primarily 
by a $546 thousand increase in deposit interest and a $604 thousand increase in interest on FHLB and other borrowings. The result 
was an 11 basis point increase in interest expense from 2016 to 2017.

The Company’s average earning assets increased $167.8 million and net interest income increased by $7.8 million during 2018. The 
net interest margin continues to be pressured by rising rates, increased competition for high quality loan growth and the deposit 
volume required to fund the growth.

The Bank’s yield on earning assets changed during 2018 as follows: the loan portfolio yield increased by 45 basis points and the 
investment portfolio yield increased by 34 basis points while the cost of interest bearing liabilities increased by 33 basis points.

The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased to 1.37% in 2018 from 1.04% in 2017. This increase is primarily the result of a 85
basis point increase in the cost of borrowings and a 21 basis point increase on deposits. Further discussion on borrowings is included 
in Note 6, “Borrowed Funds” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Table of Contents

Statistical Financial Information Regarding MVB Financial Corp.
The following tables provide further information about interest income and expense:
Average Balances and Analysis of Net Interest Income:

(Dollars in thousands)

Assets

2018

Interest
Income/
Expense

Average
Balance

Yield/
Cost

Average
Balance

2017

Interest
Income/
Expense

Yield/
Cost

Average
Balance

2016

Interest
Income/
Expense

Yield/
Cost

2.09% $

3,790

$

2.00

14,619

1.37% $

16,347

$

1.97

11,694

94

228

0.58%

1.95

2.38

3.55

5.05

3.48

4.75

5.07

4.94

4.58

0.75

1.00

0.07

1.59

1.76

0.30

2.23

6.81

1.37

Interest-bearing deposits in banks

$

5,176

$

CDs with other banks

Investment securities:

     Taxable

     Tax-exempt
Loans and loans held for sale: 1

     Commercial

     Tax exempt

     Real estate

     Consumer

Total loans

Total earning assets

Less: Allowance for loan losses

Cash and due from banks

Other assets

     Total assets

Liabilities

Deposits:

     NOW

     Money market checking

     Savings

     IRAs

     CDs

Repurchase agreements and federal funds
sold

FHLB and other borrowings

Subordinated debt

14,778

150,134

79,161

854,108

14,352

395,302

11,349

1,275,111

1,524,360

(10,530)

16,828

106,600

$ 1,637,258

$ 432,789

$

245,008

44,049

17,894

319,720

18,536

190,686

25,774

108

295

3,580

2,810

43,099

499

18,794

575

62,967

69,760

3,246

2,455

29

285

5,620

56

4,259

1,756

     Total interest-bearing liabilities

1,294,456

17,706

Noninterest bearing demand deposits

Other liabilities

     Total liabilities

Stockholders’ equity

Preferred stock

Common stock

Paid-in capital

Treasury stock

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     Total stockholders’ equity

171,631

10,304

1,476,391

7,834

11,082

107,669

(1,084)

42,509

(7,143)

160,867

     Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$ 1,637,258

1,366

1,853

32,620

564

16,594

804

50,582

54,123

2,413

1,282

88

208

3,757

72

1,086

2,226

1.79

2.89

4.44

3.45

4.16

4.80

4.34

4.05

0.53

0.78

0.20

1.27

1.19

0.27

0.78

6.64

0.93

52

288

2,658

1,863

33,896

520

16,612

709

51,737

56,598

125,797

58,786

751,444

15,064

373,360

13,660

1,153,528

1,356,520

(9,626)

16,287

90,585

2.11

3.17

4.51

3.45

4.45

5.19

4.49

4.17

76,525

64,108

734,829

16,326

398,766

16,762

1,166,683

1,335,357

(8,939)

13,765

87,815

$ 1,453,766

$ 1,427,998

$ 438,123

$

239,632

47,034

16,678

262,417

23,559

122,144

33,524

2,608

1,781

78

217

3,610

75

1,690

2,242

1,183,111

12,301

0.60

0.74

0.17

1.30

1.38

0.32

1.38

6.69

1.04

117,696

8,006

1,308,813

7,927

10,355

96,987

(1,084)

34,155

(3,387)

144,953

$ 1,453,766

$ 454,320

$

163,630

43,870

16,319

314,542

27,066

139,736

33,524

1,193,007

11,132

99,826

12,220

1,305,053

16,334

8,263

75,799

(1,084)

25,943

(2,310)

122,945

$ 1,427,998

Net interest spread

Net interest income-margin

3.21

3.13

3.12

$

52,054

3.41%

$

44,297

3.27%

$

42,991

3.22%

1 Non-accrual loans are included in total loan balances, lowering the effective yield for the portfolio in the aggregate.

40

 
Table of Contents

Rate Volume Calculation: 2018 vs. 2017

(Dollars in thousands)

Earning Assets

Loans

     Commercial

     Tax exempt

     Real estate

     Consumer

Investment securities:

     Taxable

     Tax-exempt

Interest-bearing deposits in banks

CDs with other banks

     Total earning assets

Interest bearing liabilities

     NOW

     Money market checking

     Savings

     IRAs

     CDs

Repurchase agreements and federal funds sold

FHLB and other borrowings

Subordinated debt

     Total interest bearing liabilities

     Total

Change in
Volume

Change in Rate

Change in Both
Rate & Volume

Total Change

4,631

(25)

976

(120)

514

645

19

3

4,022

4

1,139

(17)

342

224

27

4

550

—

67

3

66

78

10

—

9,203

(21)

2,182

(134)

922

947

56

7

6,643

5,745

774

13,162

(32)

40

(5)

16

788

(16)

948

(518)

1,221

5,422

678

620

(47)

48

1,003

(4)

1,038

42

3,378

2,367

(8)

14

3

4

219

1

583

(10)

806

(32)

638

674

(49)

68

2,010

(19)

2,569

(486)

5,405

7,757

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Table of Contents

Rate Volume Calculation: 2017 vs. 2016

(Dollars in thousands)

Earning Assets

Loans

     Commercial

     Tax exempt

     Real estate

     Consumer

Investment securities:

     Taxable

     Tax-exempt

Interest-bearing deposits in banks

CDs with other banks

     Total earning assets

Interest bearing liabilities

     NOW

     Money market checking

     Savings

     IRAs

     CDs

Repurchase agreements and federal funds sold

FHLB and other borrowings

Subordinated debt

     Total interest bearing liabilities

     Total

Provision for Loan Losses

Change in
Volume

Change in Rate

Change in Both
Rate & Volume

Total Change

738

(44)

(1,057)

(149)

880

(154)

(72)

57

199

(86)

595

6

5

(623)

(9)

(137)

—

(249)

448

526

—

1,148

66

250

179

130

2

2,301

291

(65)

(15)

4

570

14

847

16

1,662

639

12

—

(73)

(12)

162

(15)

(100)

1

(25)

(10)

(31)

(1)

—

(94)

(2)

(106)

—

(244)

219

1,276

(44)

18

(95)

1,292

10

(42)

60

2,475

195

499

(10)

9

(147)

3

604

16

1,169

1,306

The Company’s provision for loan losses for 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $2.4 million, $2.2 million and $3.6 million, respectively.

Provision for loan losses of $2.4 million and $2.2 million were made for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 
The slight increase in loan loss provision is most attributable to the growth in the loan portfolios in 2018. The total increase in 
provision would have been greater if not for continued decline in historical loss rates, and a decrease in the need for ASC 310-10 
specific loan loss allocations, during 2018. More specifically, total loan portfolio growth was 17.9% in 2018 versus 4.9% in 2017, 
while total specific loan loss allocations for impaired loans decreased by $145 thousand in 2018, versus an increase of $645 thousand 
in 2017. Total net charge-offs were $1.4 million in both 2018 and 2017, thereby generating roughly the same impact on the need for 
provision in both years. The provision for loan losses, which is a product of management’s formal quarterly analysis, is recorded in 
response to inherent losses in the loan portfolio. 

Provision for loan losses of $2.2 million and $3.6 million were made for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 
The increase in loan loss provision is most attributable to average historical loss rates that have declined substantially in 2017, while 
net charge-offs were $1.1 million, or 45.0%, less in 2017 versus the prior year. The total decrease in provision would have been 
greater if not for increased loan portfolio growth and increased ASC 310-10 specific loan loss allocations for impaired loans. More 
specifically, total loan portfolio growth was 4.9% in 2017 versus 2.2% in 2016, while total specific loan loss allocations increased 
by  $645  thousand  in  2017,  versus  a  decrease  of  $269  thousand  in  2016.  The  provision  for  loan  losses,  which  is  a  product  of 
management’s formal quarterly analysis, is recorded in response to inherent losses in the loan portfolio.

Determining the appropriate level of the ALL requires considerable management judgment. In exercising this judgment, management 
considers  numerous  internal  and  external  factors  including,  but  not  limited  to,  portfolio  growth,  national  and  local  economic 
conditions, trends in the markets served and guidance from the Bank’s primary regulators. Management seeks to maintain an ALL 

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Table of Contents

that is appropriate in the circumstances and that complies with applicable accounting and regulatory standards. Further discussion 
can be found earlier in this discussion under “Allowance for Loan Losses.”

Noninterest Income

Mortgage fee income, gain (loss) on derivatives, interchange income, security sale gains, income on bank owned life insurance and 
portfolio loan sales generate the core of the Company’s noninterest income. Also, service charges on deposit accounts continue to 
be part of the core of the Company’s noninterest income and include mainly non-sufficient funds and returned check fees, allowable 
overdraft fees and service charges on commercial accounts. The total of noninterest income for 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $38.6 
million, $40.7 million and $43.2 million, respectively.

The decrease in noninterest income for 2018 compared to 2017 was primarily the result of a $4.8 million decrease in mortgage fee 
income, due to mortgage production volume decreasing by $93.8 million, or 6.1%, in 2018. Excluding the decrease in mortgage fee 
income, noninterest income for 2018 increased $2.7 million and was primarily attributed to a decrease in the loss on derivative and 
increases in the holding gain on equity securities and income on bank owned life insurance. Gain on sale of securities and gain on 
sale of portfolio loans decreased $404 thousand and $340 thousand, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2017. During 2018,  interchange 
expense was netted against Visa debit card and interchange income and, as a result of this change, interchange income for 2018 
declined by $611 thousand compared to 2017.

In 2018 and 2017, mortgage fee income decreased $4.8 million and increased $1.5 million, respectively. Production volume decreased 
by $93.8 million, or 6.1%, in 2018 and decreased $103.8 million, or 6.3%, in 2017. With the pressure of increasing rates during 
2018, production decreased in 2018 across each of the loan categories. The $93.8 million decrease in 2018 was due to a $46.9 million
decrease in purchase loans, a $35.4 million decrease in refinance volume, a $8.8 million decrease in bridge loans, and a $2.7 million
decrease in construction loans. The decrease in 2017 was due to the decrease in refinance volume of $199.3 million, which was a 
result of increasing interest rates in 2017. This decrease was partially offset by a $68.8 million increase in construction loans, a $13.5 
million increase in purchase loans, and a $13.2 million increase in bridge loans.

Commercial swap fee income increased $49 thousand from $503 thousand in 2017 to $552 thousand in 2018. This was primarily 
the result of an increase in swap volume from $17.2 million in 2017 to $29.4 million in 2018.

Other operating income increased $61 thousand from $1.28 million in 2017 to $1.34 million in 2018. This increase was primarily 
related to a gain on sale of fixed assets of $344 thousand related to the closure and sale of the land, building, and certain furniture 
and equipment items from a branch located at 704 Foxcroft Avenue, Martinsburg, WV.  

During the ordinary course of business in 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company sold several investment securities at a gain of $327 
thousand, $731 thousand and $1.1 million, respectively. All investments that were sold were classified as available-for-sale. The 
Company is always looking at ways to improve yield while maintaining a high quality short-term investment portfolio.

Gain on sale of portfolio loans decreased $340 thousand from $538 thousand in 2017 to $198 thousand in 2018 and decreased $504 
thousand from $1.0 million in 2016 to $538 thousand in 2017. The total volume of portfolio loans sold in 2018, 2017 and 2016 was 
$15.2 million, $52.9 million, and $57.2 million, respectively.

The Company is continually searching for ways to increase noninterest income. 

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense was $72.9 million, $70.5 million and $69.2 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Approximately 63%, 
65%  and  62%  of  noninterest  expense  for  2018,  2017  and  2016,  respectively,  related  to  personnel  costs.  Personnel  is  a  critical 
component of every service organization, which is why personnel costs are such a significant part of the expenditure mix. Salaries 
and benefits increased by $2.1 million in 2018 and decreased by $1.1 million in 2017. The 2018 increase is primarily the result of  
additional staffing related to organic growth. The additional staffing was used for sales positions as well as the back office support 
needed to facilitate growth. The 2017 decrease is primarily the result of decreased commissions due to a 13.4% decrease in mortgage 
loan origination volume, a $752 thousand decrease in the earn out paid to management of the mortgage company related to a 2012 
acquisition, and due to operational efficiency gains during the year. 

Equipment and occupancy expense increased by $384 thousand in 2018 and by $1.0 million in 2017. The 2018 increase was primarily 
due to one new full-service branch being opened during 2018 in the northern Virginia region as well as a full year of expenses from 
the Suncrest and Leesburg offices opened in 2017. Part of this increase was offset due to the decreased expenses related to the 

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Table of Contents

consolidation of two branches in Martinsburg, WV during December of 2017. The 2017 increase was mainly the result of the two 
new full-service branches opened in 2017 and  increased equipment expense related to depreciation and continued maintenance of 
property and software.

Travel, entertainment, dues, and subscriptions expense increased by $587 thousand in 2018 and by $496 thousand in 2017. More 
specifically, the 2018 increase was primarily due to a $386 thousand increase in travel expense, $288 thousand increase in publications 
and sponsorships, and a $26 thousand increase in licenses and permits, partially offset by a $13 thousand decrease in meals and 
entertainment, a $15 thousand decrease in cell phone reimbursement and a $27 thousand decrease in dues and memberships. The 
2017 increase was primarily the result of a $144 thousand increase in publications and subscriptions, a $121 thousand increase in 
meals and entertainment, a $96 thousand increase in travel expense, a $60 thousand increase in dues and memberships, and a $30 
thousand increase in licenses and permits, partially offset by a $7 thousand decrease in cell phone reimbursement.

Professional fees increased by $416 thousand in 2018 and increased by $423 thousand in 2017. The 2018 increase was due to project 
management, additional accounting and auditing fees, recruiting expenses, and other efficiency implementations. The 2017 increase 
was related to project management, core conversion and other efficiency implementations, and the Nasdaq listing and subsequent 
approval.

Data processing decreased by $1.4 million in 2018 and increased by $152 thousand in 2017. The decrease in 2018 was primarily 
due to efficiencies gained by the core conversion completed during 2017. The increase in 2017 was largely driven by the core 
conversion completed in April 2017, along with overall growth in terms of personnel and office space Company-wide and the usage 
of additional products, services, and providers to better serve the client base. 

Income Taxes

The Company incurred income tax expense of $3.4 million, $4.8 million, and $6.8 million in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

The Company’s effective tax rate was 22%, 39%, and 35% in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in effective tax rate 
for 2018 was primarily driven by the Tax Reform Act, signed into law on December 22, 2017. The new law established a new, flat 
corporate federal statutory income tax rate of 21%. The decrease in 2018 was even larger due to the increase during 2017. This 
increase in effective tax rate during 2017 was also primarily the result of the Tax Reform Act, in which the Company was required 
to re-measure its net deferred tax asset and resulted in an income tax charge of $646 thousand. Among other things, the new law (i) 
eliminated the corporate alternative minimum tax and allows the use of any such carryforwards to offset regular tax liability for any 
taxable year, (ii) limited the deduction for net interest expense incurred by U.S. corporations, (iii)  allowed businesses to immediately 
expense, for tax purposes, the cost of new investments in certain qualified depreciable assets, (iv) eliminated or reduced certain 
deductions related to meals and entertainment expenses, (v) modified the limitation on excessive employee remuneration to eliminate 
the exception for performance-based compensation and clarifies the definition of a covered employee and (vi) limited the deductibility 
of deposit insurance premiums. If not for having to re-measure the net deferred tax asset, the Company’s effective tax rate for 2017 
would  have  been  33%.  The  Company’s  effective  tax  rate  is  affected  by  certain  permanent  tax  differences  caused  by  statutory 
requirements in the tax code. The largest permanent difference relates to tax-exempt interest income related to municipal investments 
and loans held by the Company. Other, smaller permanent differences arise from income derived from life insurance purchased on 
certain key employees and directors and meals and entertainment expenses.

Return on Assets

Excluding discontinued operations, the Company’s return on average assets from continuing operations was 0.73% in 2018, compared 
to 0.52% in 2017 and 0.63% in 2016. The increased return in 2018 is a direct result of a $4.4 million increase in earnings from 
continuing operations, while average total assets increased by $183.5 million, mainly as the result of a $121.6 million increase in 
average total loans and a $44.7 million increase in investment securities. The decreased return in 2017 is a direct result of a $1.4 
million decrease in earnings from continuing operations, while average total assets increased by $25.8 million, mainly as the result 
of a $44.0 million increase in average investment securities.

Return on Equity

Excluding discontinued operations, the Company’s return on average stockholders’ equity from continuing operations was 7.46%
in 2018, compared to 5.23% in 2017 and 7.30% in 2016. The increased return in 2018 is a direct result of a $4.4 million increase in 
earnings from continuing operations, while average equity increased by $15.9 million. The decreased return in 2017 is a direct result 
of a $1.4 million decrease in earnings from continuing operations, while average equity increased by $22.0 million.

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Table of Contents

Overview of the Statement of Condition

The greatest balance sheet changes from 2017 to 2018 were as follows: total assets increased by $216.7 million to $1.8 billion at 
December 31, 2018, loans increased by $198.4 million to $1.3 billion, deposits increased by $149.6 million to $1.3 billion, repurchase 
agreements  decreased  $7.5  million  to  $14.9  million,  borrowings  increased  $62.7  million  to  $214.9  million,  subordinated  debt 
decreased $16.0 million to $17.5 million, and stockholders’ equity increased $26.6 million to $176.8 million,

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $22.2 million at December 31, 2018, compared to $20.3 million at December 31, 2017. During 
2016, a deposit reclassification program was implemented and allowed the Company to reduce its requirement of reserve balances 
on hand in accordance with the Federal Reserve Board the daily Federal Reserve Requirement. 

Management believes the current balance of cash and cash equivalents adequately serves the Company’s liquidity and performance 
needs.  Total  cash  and  cash  equivalents  fluctuate  on  a  daily  basis  due  to  transactions  in  process  and  other  liquidity  demands. 
Management believes liquidity needs are satisfied by the current balance of cash and cash equivalents, readily available access to 
traditional and non-traditional funding sources, and the portions of the investment and loan portfolios that mature within one year. 
These sources of funds should enable the Company to meet cash obligations as they come due.

Investment Securities

Investment securities available-for-sale totaled $221.6 million at December 31, 2018, compared to $231.5 million at December 31, 
2017.

The following table sets forth a summary of the investment securities portfolio as of the dates indicated. Available for sale securities 
are reported at estimated fair value:

December 31, (Dollars in thousands)

Available-for-sale securities:

U. S. Agency securities

U.S. Sponsored Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal securities

Other securities

Total investment securities available-for-sale

2018

2017

2016

$

$

77,430

$

80,945

$

50,115

83,761

10,308

58,154

75,842

16,566

28,816

54,733

70,795

8,024

221,614

$

231,507

$

162,368

At December 31, 2018, investment securities are available-for-sale or equity securities. Management believes the available-for-sale 
classification provides flexibility in terms of managing the portfolio for liquidity, yield enhancement and interest rate risk management 
opportunities. At December 31, 2018, the amortized cost of investment securities totaled $226.3 million, resulting in unrealized loss 
in the investment portfolio of $4.6 million. Although these investments show an unrealized loss, management has the intent and 
ability to hold the investments to maturity and they are all high quality investments with no other than temporary impairment. The 
municipal securities continue to give the Company the ability to pledge and to better the effective tax rate.

45

(Dollars in
thousands)

U. S. Agency
securities

U.S. Sponsored
Mortgage-backed
securities

Municipal
securities

$

—

—

Table of Contents

The following table shows the maturities for the investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2018:

Within one year

After one year, but
within five

After five years, but
within ten

After ten years

Total investment
securities

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Avg. Yield

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Avg. Yield

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Avg. Yield

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Avg. Yield

Amortized
Cost

Fair
Value

—% $

34,851

1.96% $

14,328

2.55% $

29,863

2.86% $

79,042

$

77,430

—

—

11,066

5.54

2,481

—

3.35

6.00

9,377

3,073

9,958

1.68

2.74

5.69

42,777

68,126

2.61

3.31

—

52,154

50,115

84,746

83,761

10,308

10,308

Other securities

—

—

350

Total

$

11,066

5.54% $

37,682

2.09% $

36,736

3.19% $ 140,766

3.00% $ 226,250

$ 221,614

Management monitors the earnings performance and liquidity of the investment portfolio on a regular basis through the Asset and 
Liability Committee (“ALCO”) meetings. The ALCO also monitors net interest income and assists in the management of interest 
rate risk for the Company. Through active balance sheet management and analysis of the investment securities portfolio, sufficient 
liquidity is maintained to satisfy depositor requirements and the various credit needs of its customers. Management believes the risk 
characteristics inherent in the investment portfolio are acceptable based on these parameters.

Loans

The Company’s primary market areas are the Marion, Harrison, Jefferson, Berkeley, Monongalia, and Kanawha counties of West 
Virginia and Fairfax and Loudoun counties of Virginia, with a secondary focus on the adjacent counties. The portfolio consists 
principally of commercial lending, retail lending, which includes single-family residential mortgages and consumer lending. Loans 
totaled $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2018 and $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2017.

During  2018,  the  Bank  experienced loan  growth  of  $198.4  million. The  growth  primarily  came  from  the  commercial and  non-
residential real estate area, which grew approximately $157.1 million, and from the residential real estate area, which grew $45.3 
million.

Major classification of loans held for investment at December 31, are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Commercial and non-residential real estate

Residential real estate and home equity

Consumer and other

Total Loans

Deferred loan origination fees and costs, net

Loans receivable

$

$

$

$

941,033

$

783,909

$

756,619

$

728,202

$

353,944

9,605

308,614

12,783

1,304,582

$

1,105,306

(216) $

635

1,304,366

$

1,105,941

$

$

$

280,838

14,511

1,051,968

897

1,052,865

$

$

$

285,490

17,361

1,031,053

1,117

1,032,170

$

$

$

559,387

220,442

17,103

796,932

1,365

798,297

At December 31, 2018, commercial and non-residential real estate loans represented the largest portion of the portfolio approximating 
72.1% of the total loan portfolio. Commercial loans totaled $941.0 million at December 31, 2018, compared to $783.9 million at 
December 31, 2017. Management will continue to focus on the enhancement and growth of the commercial loan portfolio while 
maintaining appropriate underwriting standards and risk/price balance.

Residential real estate loans to retail customers (including home equity lines of credit) account for the second largest portion of the 
loan portfolio, comprising 27.1% of the total loan portfolio. Residential real estate and home equity loans totaled $353.9 million at 
December 31, 2018, compared to $308.6 million at December 31, 2017. Included in residential real estate loans are home equity 
credit lines totaling $59.0 million at December 31, 2018, compared to $62.4 million at December 31, 2017. Management believes 
the home equity loans are competitive products with an acceptable return on investment after risk considerations. Residential real 
estate lending continues to represent a primary focus due to the lower risk factors associated with this type of loan and the opportunity 
to provide service to those in the Marion, Harrison, Berkeley, Jefferson, Kanawha and Monongalia county markets of West Virginia 
and Fairfax and Loudoun county markets of Virginia. Under the Tax Reform Act signed into law on December 22, 2017, interest on 

46

Table of Contents

home equity loans and lines of credit is no longer deductible. This change could adversely impact the level of originations and 
outstanding volumes of home equity loans and lines of credit in the future.

At December 31, 2018, consumer and other loan balances totaled $9.6 million compared to $12.8 million at December 31, 2017. 
The majority of consumer loans are in the direct lending area. Management is pleased with the performance and quality of the 
consumer loan portfolio, which can be attributed to the many years of experience of its consumer lenders. This is another important 
product necessary to serve our market areas.

At December 31, 2018, loans identified by management as potential problem loans amounted to $1.4 million, which includes one 
commercial relationship comprised of two loans in total. These are loans where known information about the borrowers’ possible 
credit problems causes management to have doubts as to the borrowers’ ability to comply with the loan repayment terms. However, 
these loans continue to be repaid as agreed, are sufficiently collateralized, and are not believed to present significant risk of loss. 

The following table provides additional information about loans:

Loan maturities at December 31, 2018:

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial and non-residential real estate

Residential real estate and home equity

Consumer and other

Total Loans

One Year
or Less

One Through
Five Years

Due After Five
Years

191,778

$

419,005

$

330,249

$

129,334

601

53,818

3,131

170,792

5,874

Total

941,032

353,944

9,606

321,713

$

475,954

$

506,915

$

1,304,582

$

$

The preceding data has been compiled based upon the earlier of either contractual maturity or next repricing date.

The following table reflects the sensitivity of loans to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2018 that mature after one year:

(Dollars in thousands)

Predetermined fixed interest rate

Floating or adjustable interest rate

Total as of December 31, 2018

Loan Concentration

Commercial and
Non-Residential
Real Estate

Residential Real
Estate and Home
Equity

Consumer and
Other

$

$

383,130

366,124

749,254

$

$

22,063

202,547

224,610

$

$

3,789

5,216

9,005

$

$

Total

408,982

573,887

982,869

At December 31, 2018, commercial and non-residential real estate loans comprised the largest component of the loan portfolio. 
However, a large portion of commercial loans are real estate secured and they are geographically and industry diverse. Loans that 
are non-real estate secured are typically secured by accounts receivable, mortgages or equipment. While the loan concentration is 
in commercial loans, the commercial portfolio is comprised of loans to many different borrowers, in numerous different industries 
but primarily located in our market areas.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Management continually monitors the risk in the loan portfolio through review of the monthly delinquency reports and the Loan 
Review Committee. The Loan Review Committee is responsible for the determination of the adequacy of the ALL. This analysis 
involves both experience of the portfolio to date and the makeup of the overall portfolio. Specific loss estimates are derived for 
individual loans based on specific criteria such as current delinquent status, related deposit account activity, where applicable, and 
changes  in  the  local  and  national  economy. When  appropriate,  management  also  considers  public  knowledge  and/or  verifiable 
information from the local market to assess risks to specific loans and the loan portfolios as a whole.

The result of the evaluation of the adequacy at each period presented herein indicated that the ALL was considered adequate to absorb 
losses inherent in the loan portfolio.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, impaired loans totaled $12.8 million and $15.6 million, respectively. A portion of the ALL of $1.0 
million and $1.2 million was allocated to cover any loss in these loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Loans past due 
more than 30 days were $16.2 million and $9.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The total of loans past due 

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Table of Contents

more than 30 days as of December 31, 2018 included a loan with an outstanding balance of $6.0 million which was reported as past 
due as the result of a temporary delay in the set-up and receipt of the initial payment. That loan was paid current shortly after year-
end.

Loans past due more than 30 days to gross loans

Loans past due more than 90 days to gross loans

December 31,

2018

2017

2016

1.24%

0.40%

0.89%

0.25%

0.73%

0.39%

Net charge-offs of $1.4 million in 2018, $1.4 million in 2017, and $2.5 million in 2016 were incurred. The provision for loan losses 
was $2.4 million in 2018, $2.2 million in 2017, and $3.6 million in 2016. Net charge-offs represented 0.11%, 0.13%, 0.24%, 0.07%
and 0.16% in 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, compared to gross loans for the indicated period.

The following tables reflect the allocation of the ALL as of December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

(Dollars in thousands)

ALL balance at December 31, 2017

     Charge-offs

     Recoveries

     Provision

ALL balance at December 31, 2018

(Dollars in thousands)

ALL balance at December 31, 2016

     Charge-offs

     Recoveries

     Provision

ALL balance at December 31, 2017

(Dollars in thousands)

ALL balance at December 31, 2015

     Charge-offs

     Recoveries

     Provision

ALL balance at December 31, 2016

(Dollars in thousands)

ALL balance at December 31, 2014

     Charge-offs

     Recoveries

     Provision

ALL balance at December 31, 2015

Commercial and
Non-Residential
Real Estate

Residential Real
Estate and Home
Equity

7,804

$

1,824

$

(1,024)

15

1,810

(166)

81

350

8,605

$

2,089

$

Commercial and
Non-Residential
Real Estate

Residential Real
Estate and Home
Equity

7,181

$

1,718

$

(1,138)

39

1,722

(250)

44

312

7,804

$

1,824

$

Commercial and
Non-Residential
Real Estate

Residential Real
Estate and Home
Equity

6,066

$

1,810

$

(1,995)

8

3,102

(224)

11

121

7,181

$

1,718

$

Consumer and
Other

Total

250

$

(290)

5

280

245

$

Consumer and
Other

Total

202

$

(109)

18

139

250

$

Consumer and
Other

Total

130

$

(338)

1

409

202

$

Commercial and
Non-Residential
Real Estate

Residential Real
Estate and Home
Equity

Consumer and
Other

Total

4,363

$

1,653

$

207

$

(708)

20

2,391

(33)

6

184

(6)

11

(82)

6,066

$

1,810

$

130

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

9,878

(1,480)

101

2,440

10,939

9,101

(1,497)

101

2,173

9,878

8,006

(2,557)

20

3,632

9,101

6,223

(747)

37

2,493

8,006

48

Table of Contents

(Dollars in thousands)

ALL balance at December 31, 2013

     Charge-offs

     Recoveries

     Provision

ALL balance at December 31, 2014

Commercial and
Non-Residential
Real Estate

Residential Real
Estate and Home
Equity

Consumer and
Other

Total

3,609

$

1,073

$

253

$

(1,110)

7

1,857

(130)

3

707

(68)

4

18

4,363

$

1,653

$

207

$

$

$

4,935

(1,308)

14

2,582

6,223

(Dollars in thousands)

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

December 31,

Amount

% of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans

Amount

% of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans

Amount

% of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans

Amount

% of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans

Amount

% of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans

Commercial and non-
residential real estate

Residential real estate and
home equity

Consumer and other

$ 8,605

72% $ 7,804

71% $ 7,181

72% $ 6,066

70% $ 4,363

70%

2,089

245

27

1

1,824

250

28

1

1,718

202

27

1

1,810

130

28

2

1,653

207

28

2

Total

$ 10,939

100% $ 9,878

100% $ 9,101

100% $ 8,006

100% $ 6,223

100%

Non-performing assets consist of loans that are no longer accruing interest, loans that have been renegotiated to below market rates 
based upon financial difficulties of the borrower, and real estate acquired through foreclosure. When interest accruals are suspended, 
accrued interest income is reversed with current year accruals charged to earnings and prior year amounts generally charged off as 
a credit loss. When, in management’s judgment, the borrower’s ability to make periodic interest and principal payments resumes 
and collectability is no longer in doubt, which is evident by the receipt of six consecutive months of regular, on-time payments, the 
loan is eligible to be returned to accrual status. For 2018, interest income on loans would have increased by approximately $771 
thousand if loans had performed in accordance with their terms.

Non-performing assets and past due loans:

(Dollars in thousands)

Non-accrual loans

     Commercial

     Real estate and home equity

     Consumer and other

Total non-accrual loans

Accruing loan past due 90 days or more

Total non-performing loans

Other real estate, net

Total non-performing assets

Allowance for loan losses

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

$

$

$

4,495

2,526

82

7,103

—

7,103

2,145

9,248

10,939

$

$

$

8,350

1,170

179

9,699

—

9,699

1,346

11,045

9,878

$

$

$

4,975

1,176

78

6,229

—

6,229

414

6,643

9,101

$

8,195

$

3,462

839

371

9,405

848

10,253

239

10,492

8,006

$

$

$

$

487

—

3,949

5,306

9,255

575

9,830

6,223

Nonperforming loans to gross loans

0.54%

0.88%

0.59%

Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans

154.01%

101.85%

146.11%

Nonperforming assets to total assets

0.53%

0.72%

0.47%

0.99%

78.08%

0.76%

1.16%

67.24%

0.89%

Impaired loans have decreased by $2.8 million, or 17.9%, during 2018. This change is the net effect of multiple factors, including 
the identification of $5.6 million of recently impaired loans, the sale of three impaired commercial loans totaling $5.4 million, 
principal curtailments of $738 thousand, partial charge-offs of $708 thousand, foreclosure and reclassification to other real estate 

49

 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

owned of $720 thousand, reclassification of $620 thousand of previously reported impaired loans to performing loans, and normal 
loan amortization of $153 thousand. 

The $5.6 million total of recently identified impaired loans includes $3.7 million, or 66.1%, of commercial loans, $1.6 million, or 
18.6%, of residential mortgage loans, and $213 thousand, or 5.3%, of consumer loans. The commercial loans are primarily concentrated 
in two relationships, including a $1.8 million note secured by a stalled real estate development project and two notes totaling $1.4 
million secured by a struggling automotive dealership. These three loans represent 86.5% of the recently impaired commercial loans, 
while  the  remaining  $500  thousand  represent  six  additional  commercial  loans  ranging  from  $11  thousand  to  $152  thousand  in 
outstanding balances.

The $5.4 million total of sold impaired loans includes three loans in two commercial relationships, including a $3.4 million purchased 
participation note secured by a senior healthcare facility, a $1.1 million commercial real estate loan, net of a $579 thousand sold 
participation, secured by a retail strip center, and a $874 thousand development loan secured by a developed commercial site adjacent 
to the retail strip center. The healthcare loan was purchased by another investor with significant resources in the healthcare industry, 
while the retail and development loans were purchased by an investor with personal ties to the project. 

Funding Sources

The Bank considers a number of alternatives, including but not limited to deposits, short-term borrowings, and long-term borrowings 
when evaluating funding sources. Traditional deposits continue to be the most significant source of funds, totaling $1.3 billion, or 
84.1%, of funding sources at December 31, 2018. This same information at December 31, 2017, reflected $1.2 billion in deposits 
representing 84.8% of such funding sources. Repurchase agreements, which are available to large corporate customers, represented 
1.0% and 1.6% of funding sources at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. FHLB and other borrowings and subordinated debt  
represented the remainder of such funding sources. In 2018, $16.0 million of subordinated debt was converted into common stock, 
which caused the issuance of 1,000,000 new shares and will provide an annual interest expense savings of $1.1 million.

Management continues to emphasize the development of additional noninterest-bearing deposits as a core funding source for the 
Company. At December 31, 2018, noninterest-bearing balances totaled $213.6 million compared to $126.0 million at December 31, 
2017, or 16.3% and 10.9% of total deposits, respectively. Interest-bearing deposits totaled $1.1 billion at December 31, 2018, compared 
to $1.0 billion at December 31, 2017, or 83.7% and 89.1% of total deposits, respectively. 

The following table sets forth the balance of each of the deposit categories for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016: 

(Dollars in thousands)

2018

2017

2016

Demand deposits of individuals, partnerships, and corporations

     Noninterest bearing demand

     Interest bearing demand

     Savings and money markets

     Time deposits including CDs and IRAs

          Total deposits

Time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit

$

213,597

$

125,963

$

376,398

317,697

401,462

436,303

284,795

312,519

115,692

414,031

280,533

296,761

$

$

1,309,154

$

1,159,580

$

1,107,017

15,280

$

18,832

$

18,727

50

 
 
 
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The  following  table  sets  forth  the  average  balance  and  average  rate  paid  on  each  of  the  deposit  categories  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016: 

(Dollars in thousands)

Average
Balance

Average Rate

Average
Balance

Average Rate

Average
Balance

Average Rate

Noninterest bearing demand deposits

$

171,631

  $

117,696

  $

99,826

2018

2017

2016

Interest-bearing demand deposits:

     NOW

     Money market checking

     Savings

     IRAs

     CDs

     Total interest-bearing deposits

432,789

245,008

44,049

17,894

319,720

1,059,460

0.75%

1.00%

0.07%

1.59%

1.76%

1.10%

438,123

239,632

47,034

16,678

262,417

1,003,884

0.60%

0.74%

0.17%

1.30%

1.38%

0.83%

454,320

163,630

43,870

16,319

314,542

992,681

0.53%

0.78%

0.20%

1.27%

1.19%

0.78%

Total deposits

$ 1,231,091

$ 1,121,580

$ 1,092,507

Average interest-bearing deposits totaled $1.1 billion during 2018 compared to $1.0 billion during 2017. Average noninterest bearing 
deposits totaled $171.6 million during 2018 compared to $117.7 million during 2017. 

Maturities of time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollars in thousands)

Under 3 months

Over 3-12 months

Over 1 to 3 years

Over 3 years

     Total

2018

1,752

6,677

5,791

1,060

15,280

$

$

Along with traditional deposits, the Bank has access to both short-term borrowings from FHLB and overnight repurchase agreements 
to fund its operations and investments.

Short-term borrowings:

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at end of year

Average balance during the year

Maximum month-end balance

Weighted-average rate during the year

Weighted-average rate at December 31

Repurchase agreements:

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at end of year

Average balance during the year

Maximum month-end balance

Weighted-average rate during the year

Weighted-average rate at December 31

2018

2017

2016

$

212,395

$

149,596

$

171,117

264,297

2.27%

2.62%

100,969

220,097

1.16%

1.61%

87,733

137,822

210,600

0.51%

0.74%

$

2018

2017

2016

$

14,925

18,536

20,903

0.30%

0.16%

$

22,403

25,160

25,972

0.30%

0.34%

25,160

27,066

29,561

0.27%

0.28%

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Table of Contents

In addition, the Company holds subordinated debt as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at end of year

Average balance during the year

Maximum month-end balance

Weighted-average rate during the year

Weighted-average rate at December 31

Capital/Stockholders’ Equity

$

2018

2017

2016

$

17,524

25,774

33,524

6.81%

6.57%

$

33,524

33,524

33,524

6.69%

6.70%

33,524

33,524

33,524

6.64%

6.63%

During the  year ended December 31, 2018,  stockholders’  equity increased approximately $26.6 million  to $176.8  million. This 
increase consists of net income for the year of $12.0 million, the conversion of subordinated debt to common stock totaling $16.0 
million, common stock options exercised totaling $2.1 million, and stock based compensation of $1.3 million. These increases were 
offset by a $3.1 million other comprehensive loss and dividends paid totaling $1.7 million. With the stockholders’ equity increasing 
as noted above, the equity to assets ratio increased 0.31% to 10.10% due to equity growth outpacing the $216.7 million increase in 
total assets during 2018. The Company paid dividends to common shareholders of $1.2 million in 2018 and $1.0 million in 2017
and earned $12.0 million in 2018 versus $7.6 million in 2017, resulting in the dividend payout ratio decreasing from 13.64% in 2017
to 10.16% in 2018. 

At December 31, 2018, accumulated other comprehensive loss totaled $6.8 million, an increase in the loss of $3.8 million from 
December 31, 2017. This change is primarily the result of the decrease in the market value of the investment portfolio from 2017 to 
2018, principally in the area of local municipal bonds.

The Company and the Bank are also subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. 
Failure  to  meet  minimum  capital  requirements  can  initiate  certain  mandatory,  and  possibly  additional  discretionary,  actions  by 
regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital 
adequacy guidelines, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, 
liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts 
and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. 
Bank regulators have established “risk-based” capital requirements designed to measure capital adequacy. Risk-based capital ratios 
reflect the relative risks of various assets companies hold in their portfolios. A weight category of 0% (lowest risk assets), 20%, 50%, 
100% or 150% (highest risk assets) is assigned to each asset on the balance sheet. Detailed information concerning the Company’s 
risk-based capital ratios can be found in Note 14, “Regulatory Capital Requirements” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements  included  in  Item  8,  Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data,  of  this Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K.  See  also 
“Supervision and Regulation” in Item 1, Business, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and 
ratios of Total capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 1 common equity to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets, as 
defined. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject.

At December 31, 2018, the Company’s consolidated risk-based capital ratios were above the minimum standards for a well capitalized 
institution. The total risk-based capital ratio of 13.8% at December 31, 2018, is above the well capitalized standard of 10%. The Tier 
1 risk-based capital ratio of 12.0% also exceeded the well capitalized minimum of 8%. The common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 
11.2% is above the well capitalized standard of 6.5%. The leverage ratio at December 31, 2018, was 9.9% and was also above the 
well capitalized standard of 5%. Management believes that capital continues to provide a strong base for profitable growth.

Liquidity and Interest Rate Sensitivity

The objective of the asset/liability management function is to structure the balance sheet in ways that maintain consistent growth in 
net interest income and minimize exposure to market risks within its policy guidelines. This objective is accomplished through 
management of balance sheet liquidity and interest rate risk exposure based on changes in economic conditions, interest rate levels, 
and customer preferences. The Company manages balance sheet liquidity through the investment portfolio, sales of commercial and 
residential real estate loans, and through the utilization of diversified funding sources, including retail deposits, a variety of wholesale 
funding sources and borrowings through the FHLB. Interest rate risk is managed through the use of interest rate caps, commercial 

52

Table of Contents

loan swap transactions and interest rate lock commitments on mortgage loans held for sale, as well as the structuring of loan terms 
that provide cash flows to be consistently re-invested along the rate cycle.

Interest Rate Risk

Our primary market risk is interest rate fluctuation. Interest rate risk results from the traditional banking activities in which the Bank 
engages,  such  as  gathering  deposits  and  extending  loans.  Many  factors,  including  economic  conditions,  financial  conditions, 
movements in interest rates, and consumer preferences affect the difference between interest earned on our assets and interest paid 
on our liabilities. The Company’s interest rate risk represents the levels of exposure our income and market values have to fluctuations 
in interest rates. Interest rate risk is measured as the change in earnings and the theoretical market value of equity that results from 
changes in interest rates. The ALCO oversees the management of interest rate risk. ALCO’s objective is to maximize stockholder 
value, enhance profitability and increase capital, serve customer and community needs, and protect the Company from any material 
financial consequences associated with changes in interest rates.

Interest rate risk arises from differences between the timing of rate changes and the timing of cash flows (repricing risk); from 
changing rate relationships across yield curves that affect bank activities (basis risk); from changing rate relationships across the 
spectrum of maturities (yield curve risk); and from interest rate related options embedded in certain bank products (option risk). 
Changes in interest rates may also affect a bank’s underlying economic value. The values of a bank’s assets, liabilities, and interest-
rate related, off-balance sheet contracts are affected by changes in rates because the present values of future cash flows, and in some 
cases the cash flows themselves, are changed when discounting by different rates.

The Company believes that accepting some level of interest rate risk is necessary in order to achieve realistic profit goals. Management 
and the Board have chosen an interest rate risk profile that is consistent with our strategic business plan.

The Company’s Board of Directors has established a comprehensive interest rate risk management policy, which is administered by 
our ALCO. The policy establishes limits on risk, which are quantitative measures of the percentage change in net interest income (a 
measure of net interest income at risk) and the fair value of equity capital (a measure of economic value of equity or “EVE” at risk) 
resulting from a hypothetical change in interest rates. The Company measures the potential adverse impacts that changing interest 
rates may have on our short-term earnings, long-term value, and liquidity by employing simulation analysis through the use of 
computer modeling. The simulation model captures optionality factors such as call features and interest rate caps and floors embedded 
in investment and loan portfolio contracts. As with any method of gauging interest rate risk, there are certain shortcomings inherent 
in the interest rate modeling methodology we employ. When interest rates change, actual movements in different categories of interest-
earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, loan prepayments, and withdrawals of time and other deposits, may deviate significantly 
from assumptions used in the model. Finally, the methodology does not measure or reflect the impact that higher rates may have on 
adjustable-rate loan customers’ ability to service their debts, or the impact of rate changes on demand for loan and deposit products.

A base case forecast is prepared using Global Insight’s Most Likely rate forecast and alternative simulations reflecting more and less 
extreme behavior of rates each quarter.  The analysis gets presented to the ALCO and the Board of Directors. In addition, more 
frequent forecasts are produced when interest rates are particularly uncertain, when other business conditions so dictate, or when 
necessary to model potential balance sheet changes.

The balance sheet is subject to quarterly testing for interest rate shock possibilities to indicate the inherent interest rate risk. Average 
interest rates are shocked by +/ - 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points (“bp”). The goal is to structure the balance sheet so that net 
interest-earnings at risk over a twelve-month period and the economic value of equity at risk do not exceed policy guidelines at the 
various interest rate shock levels.

At December 31, 2018, the Company is  shown  in  a liability sensitive position for  the  first year after rate shocks.  Management 
continuously strives to reduce higher costing fixed rate funding instruments, while increasing assets that are more fluid in their 
repricing. An asset sensitive position, theoretically, is more favorable in a rising rate environment since more assets than liabilities 
will reprice in a given time frame as interest rates rise. Similarly, a liability sensitive position, theoretically, is favorable in a declining 
interest rate environment since more liabilities than assets will reprice in a given time frame as interest rates decline. Management 
works to maintain a consistent spread between yields on assets and costs of deposits and borrowings, regardless of the direction of 
interest rates.

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Table of Contents

Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income
Change in interest rates

+400 bp

+300 bp

+200 bp

+100 bp

-100 bp

-200 bp

-300 bp

-400 bp

Policy Limit

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

25.0 %

0.8 %

(4.3)%

20.0 %

0.3 %

(3.9)%

15.0 %

(0.7)%

(3.2)%

10.0 %

(0.7)%

(1.6)%

10.0 %

(2.9)%

(0.3)%

15.0 %

(8.2)%

(11.6)%

20.0 %

(16.9)%

(19.2)%

25.0 %

(21.6)%

(22.8)%

As shown above, measures of net interest income at risk in a rising rate environment were less favorable at December 31, 2018 than 
at December 31, 2017 at all interest rate shock levels and less favorable in a falling rate environment for the same time periods. All 
measures remained well within prescribed policy limits. This reflects rising liability costs in an environment in which we expect 
short-term market rates to rise faster than long-term rates.

The measures of equity value at risk indicate the ongoing economic value of the Company by considering the effects of changes in 
interest rates on all of the Company’s cash flows, and by discounting the cash flows to estimate the present value of assets and 
liabilities. The difference between these discounted values of the assets and liabilities is the economic value of equity, which, in 
theory, approximates the fair value of the Company’s net assets.

Estimated Changes in Economic Value of Equity (EVE)
Change in interest rates

+300 bp

+400 bp

+200 bp

+100 bp

-100 bp

-200 bp

-300 bp

-400 bp

Policy Limit

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

35.0 %

(8.2)%

(6.3)%

25.0 %

(6.4)%

(4.7)%

17.0 %

(4.3)%

(3.2)%

12.0 %

(2.0)%

(1.7)%

12.0 %

(2.7)%

(1.9)%

17.0 %

(11.9)%

(16.1)%

25.0 %

(27.6)%

(29.7)%

35.0 %

(33.3)%

(29.7)%

The EVE at risk in down rate scenarios decreased at December 31, 2018, when compared to December 31, 2017, while we expect 
economic value of equity to decline during rising rate environments. This is due to operating in an environment expecting a relatively 
flattening yield curve.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which generally requires the 
measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without consideration for changes in the relative 
purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of our operations. 
Unlike industrial companies, our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature. As a result, changes in market interest rates 
have a greater impact on performance than the effects of inflation.

Liquidity

Maintenance of a sufficient level of liquidity is a primary objective of the ALCO. Liquidity, as defined by the ALCO, is the ability 
to meet anticipated operating cash needs, loan demand, and deposit withdrawals, without incurring a sustained negative impact on 
net interest income. It is the Company’s policy to manage liquidity so that there is no need to make unplanned sales of assets or to 
borrow funds under emergency conditions.

The main source of liquidity for the Bank comes through deposit growth. Liquidity is also provided from cash generated from 
investment maturities, principal payments from loans, and income from loans and investment securities. During the year ended 
December 31, 2018, cash provided by financing activities totaled $205.2 million, while outflows from investing activity totaled 
$210.0 million. When appropriate, the Bank has the ability to take advantage of external sources of funds such as advances from the 
FHLB, national market certificate of deposit issuance programs, the Federal Reserve discount window, brokered deposits and CDARS. 
These external sources often provide attractive interest rates and flexible maturity dates that enable the Bank to match funding with 
contractual maturity dates of assets. Securities in the investment portfolio are classified as available-for-sale and can be utilized as 
an additional source of liquidity.

The Company has an effective shelf registration covering $75 million of debt and equity securities, of which approximately $75 
million remains available, subject to Board authorization and market conditions, to issue equity or debt securities at our discretion. 
While we seek to preserve flexibility with respect to cash requirements, there can be no assurance that market conditions would 
permit us to sell securities on acceptable terms at any given time or at all.

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Table of Contents

Contractual Obligations

The following table reflects the contractual maturities of our term liabilities as of December 31, 2018. The amounts shown do not 
reflect contractual interest, early withdrawal or prepayment assumptions.

(Dollars in thousands)
Certificates of deposit and individual retirement accounts 1
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase

Operating leases

FHLB short-term advances

FHLB long-term advances

Less than one
year

One to three
years

Three to five
years

More than
five years

Total

$

266,714

$

98,370

$

36,378

$

— $

401,462

14,925

1,785

212,395

85

—

3,316

—

2,407

—

3,055

—

—

—

12,817

—

—

14,925

20,973

212,395

2,492

Total
495,904
1 Certificates of deposit give customers rights to early withdrawal. Early withdrawals may be subject to penalties. The penalty amount 
depends on the remaining time to maturity at the time of early withdrawal.

104,093

652,247

39,433

12,817

$

$

$

$

$

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Bank has entered into certain agreements that represent off-balance sheet arrangements that could have a significant impact on 
the consolidated financial statements and could have a significant impact in future periods. Specifically, the Bank has entered into 
agreements to extend credit or provide conditional payments pursuant to standby and commercial letters of credit. In addition, the 
Bank utilizes letters of credit issued by the FHLB to collateralize certain public funds deposits.  Further discussion of these agreements, 
including the amounts outstanding at December 31, 2018, is included in Note 7, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities” of the 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K.

Commitments  to  extend  credit,  including  loan  commitments,  standby  letters  of  credit,  and  commercial  letters  of  credit  do  not 
necessarily represent future cash requirements, in that these commitments often expire without being drawn upon.

Fourth Quarter

Fourth quarter 2018 net income was $3.0 million compared to $1.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2017. This equated to basic 
earnings per share, on a quarterly basis, of $0.25 in 2018 and $0.12 in 2017. Diluted earnings per share for the fourth quarter of 2018
and 2017 were $0.24 and $0.12, respectively. Net interest income increased during the fourth quarter and was $14.4 million in the 
fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $11.7 million in 2017. Noninterest income was $8.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 compared 
to $10.2 million in 2017. Noninterest expense increased to $18.5 million for the fourth quarter of 2018 from $17.7 million in 2017. 
Loan loss provision was $292 thousand for the fourth quarter of 2018, a decrease of $744 thousand over the fourth quarter of 2017.

The commercial and retail banking segment of the Company had increased earnings in the fourth quarter of 2018 by $2.4 million
from the same period one year prior due to an increase in noninterest expenses. Net interest income increased $2.5 million due to 
the Company’s strong balance sheet growth, namely loan growth of $203.0 million and deposit growth of $147.1 million. Noninterest 
income decreased $387 thousand, primarily as the result of a decrease of $80 thousand in the gain on sale of portfolio loans, a decrease 
of $54 thousand in the gain on derivative, and a decrease of $47 thousand in commercial swap fee income. Noninterest expenses 
increased by $1.0 million, mostly as the result of a $743 thousand increase in salaries and employee benefits, a $218 thousand increase 
in other operating expenses, and $111 thousand increase in insurance, tax, and assessment expense.

Additionally, fourth quarter 2018 income tax expense decreased by $556 thousand to $1.3 million versus the fourth quarter 2017. 
The decrease in tax expense was primarily the result of the reduction in the statutory income tax rate in 2018.

The mortgage segment of the Company had decreased fourth quarter earnings of $320 thousand from the same period one year prior 
due to a decrease in mortgage fee income of $837 thousand and a decrease in the gain on derivatives of $227 thousand. Salaries and 
benefits decreased $689 thousand as a result of decreased commission expense. In addition, there was a decrease in income tax 
expense of $232 thousand due to the decrease in fourth quarter 2018 earnings versus the prior year.

The financial holding company segment of the Company had decreased earnings of $452 thousand in the fourth quarter of 2018
compared to the same period in 2017. The earnings decrease was primarily related to a $276 thousand decrease in the gain on sale 
of securities and a $584 thousand increase in salaries and employee benefits. Additionally, the fourth quarter income tax benefit 
decreased $62 thousand in 2018.

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Table of Contents

Future Outlook

The Company has invested in infrastructure to support anticipated future growth in each key area, including personnel, technology 
and processes to meet the growing compliance requirements in the industry. The Company believes it is well positioned in some of 
the finest markets in the State of West Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia and will continue to focus on the following: 
margin improvement; leveraging capital; organic portfolio loan growth; and operating efficiency. The key challenge for the Company 
in the future is to attract core deposits to fund growth in the new markets through continued delivery of outstanding customer service 
coupled with high quality products and technology. The Company is expanding the treasury services function to support the banking 
needs of financial and emerging technology companies, which will further enhance core deposits.

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Table of Contents

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company’s market risk is composed primarily of interest rate risk. The ALCO is responsible for reviewing the interest rate 
sensitivity position and establishes policies to monitor and coordinate the Company’s sources, uses, and pricing of funds.

Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

The  Company  uses  a  simulation  model  to  analyze,  manage  and  formulate  operating  strategies  that  address  net  interest  income 
sensitivity to movements in interest rates. The simulation model projects net interest income based on various interest rate scenarios 
over a twenty-four month period. The model is based on the actual maturity and re-pricing characteristics of rate sensitive assets and 
liabilities. The model incorporates certain assumptions which management believes to be reasonable regarding the impact of changing 
interest rates and the prepayment assumption of certain assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018. The model assumes changes 
in interest rates without any management intervention to change the composition of the balance sheet. According to the model run 
for the period ended December 31, 2018, over a twelve-month period, an immediate 100 basis point increase in interest rates would 
result in a decrease in net interest income by 0.7%. An immediate 200 basis point increase in interest rates would result in a decrease 
in net interest income by 0.7%. A 100 basis point decrease in interest rates would result in a decrease in net interest income of 2.9%. 
While management carefully monitors the exposure to changes in interest rates and takes actions as warranted to decrease any adverse 
impact, there can be no assurance about the actual effect of interest rate changes on net interest income.

The Company’s net interest income and the fair value of its financial instruments are influenced by changes in the level of interest 
rates. The Company manages its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates through policies established by its ALCO. The ALCO 
meets quarterly and has responsibility for formulating and implementing strategies to improve balance sheet positioning and reviewing 
interest rate sensitivity.

We also have counter-party risk which may arise from the possible inability of the Company’s third-party investors to meet the terms 
of their forward sales contracts. The Company works with third-party investors that are generally well capitalized, are investment 
grade and exhibit strong financial performance to mitigate this risk. We do not expect any third-party investor to fail to meet its 
obligation. We monitor the financial condition of these third parties on an annual basis.

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Table of Contents

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in thousands except per share data)
December 31, 2018 and 2017

ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents:

     Cash and due from banks

     Interest bearing balances with banks

     Total cash and cash equivalents

Certificates of deposit with other banks

Investment Securities:

     Securities available-for-sale, at fair value
     Equity securities

Loans held for sale

Loans receivable:

     Less: Allowance for loan losses

     Net Loans

Premises and equipment, net

Bank owned life insurance

Accrued interest receivable and other assets

Goodwill

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Deposits:

     Noninterest bearing

     Interest bearing

     Total deposits

Accrued interest payable and other liabilities

Repurchase agreements

FHLB and other borrowings

Subordinated debt

     Total liabilities

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

2018

2017

$

14,747

$

7,474

22,221

14,778

221,614
9,599

75,807

16,345

3,960

20,305

14,778

231,507
—

66,794

1,304,366

1,105,941

(10,939)

(9,878)

1,293,427

1,096,063

26,545

34,291

34,207

18,480

26,686

32,666

27,023

18,480

$

1,750,969

$

1,534,302

$

213,597

$

125,963

1,095,557

1,309,154

1,033,617

1,159,580

17,706

14,925

214,887

17,524

16,434

22,403

152,169

33,524

1,574,196

1,384,110

Preferred stock, par value $1,000; 20,000 authorized; 783 issued in 2018 and 2017 (See Note 12)

7,834

7,834

Common stock, par value $1; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 11,658,370 shares issued and 11,607,293 shares
outstanding in 2018; 10,495,704 shares issued and 10,444,627 shares outstanding in 2017

Additional paid-in capital

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Treasury Stock, 51,077 shares, at cost

     Total stockholders’ equity

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

11,658

116,897

48,274

(6,806)

(1,084)

10,496

98,698

37,236

(2,988)

(1,084)

176,773

150,192

$

1,750,969

$

1,534,302

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Table of Contents

MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Dollars in thousands except per share data)
Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

INTEREST INCOME
     Interest and fees on loans
     Interest on deposits with other banks
     Interest on investment securities - taxable
     Interest on tax exempt loans and securities
     Total interest income

INTEREST EXPENSE
     Interest on deposits
     Interest on repurchase agreements
     Interest on FHLB and other borrowings
     Interest on subordinated debt
     Total interest expense

NET INTEREST INCOME
     Provision for loan losses
     Net interest income after provision for loan losses

NONINTEREST INCOME
     Service charges on deposit accounts
     Income on bank owned life insurance
     Visa debit card and interchange income
     Mortgage fee income
     Gain on sale of portfolio loans
     Insurance and investment services income
     Gain on sale of securities
     Gain (loss) on derivatives
     Commercial swap fee income
     Holding gain on equity securities
     Other operating income
     Total noninterest income

NONINTEREST EXPENSES
     Salary and employee benefits
     Occupancy expense
     Equipment depreciation and maintenance
     Data processing and communications
     Mortgage processing
     Marketing, contributions and sponsorships
     Professional fees
     Printing, postage and supplies
     Insurance, tax and assessment expense
     Travel, entertainment, dues and subscriptions
     Other operating expenses
     Total noninterest expense
Income from continuing operations, before income taxes
Income tax expense - continuing operations
Net Income from continuing operations
Income from discontinued operations, before income taxes
Income tax expense - discontinued operations
Net Income from discontinued operations
Net Income
Preferred dividends
Net Income available to common shareholders

59

2018

2017

2016

$

$

$

62,468
403
3,580
3,309
69,760

11,635
56
4,259
1,756
17,706

52,054
2,440
49,614

1,033
1,182
647
32,337
198
716
327
(278)
552
590
1,336
38,640

46,224
4,234
3,239
3,741
3,551
1,141
3,559
762
1,846
2,808
1,773
72,878
15,376
3,373
12,003
—
—
—
12,003
489
11,514

$

$

$

51,217
340
2,658
2,383
56,598

8,294
75
1,690
2,242
12,301

44,297
2,173
42,124

765
646
1,258
37,149
538
563
731
(2,722)
503
—
1,275
40,706

44,108
4,084
3,005
5,116
3,207
1,179
3,143
988
1,797
2,221
1,652
70,500
12,330
4,755
7,575
—
—
—
7,575
498
7,077

$

$

$

50,018
322
1,366
2,417
54,123

7,748
72
1,086
2,226
11,132

42,991
3,632
39,359

764
638
1,185
35,673
1,042
420
1,082
1,467
84
—
850
43,205

45,225
3,686
2,452
4,964
3,355
1,253
2,720
767
1,528
1,725
1,534
69,209
13,355
4,378
8,977
6,346
2,411
3,935
12,912
1,128
11,784

Table of Contents

Earnings per share from continuing operations - basic
Earnings per share from discontinued operations - basic
Earnings per common shareholder - basic

Earnings per share from continuing operations - diluted
Earnings per share from discontinued operations - diluted
Earnings per common shareholder - diluted

Cash dividends declared
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted

$
$
$

$
$
$

$

1.04

$
— $
$

1.04

0.69

$
— $
$

0.69

1.00

$
— $
$

1.00

0.68

$
— $
$

0.68

0.96
0.48
1.44

0.92
0.39
1.31

0.11
11,030,984
12,722,003

$

0.10
10,308,738
10,440,228

$

0.08
8,212,021
10,068,733

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Table of Contents

MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Dollars in thousands)
Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Net Income

     Other comprehensive income (loss):

2018

2017

2016

$

12,003

$

7,575

$

12,912

     Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale

(4,167)

3,387

(2,802)

     Unrealized holding gains during the year related to reclassified held-to-maturity securities

—

—

1,825

     Income tax effect

1,125

(1,355)

391

     Reclassification adjustment for gain recognized in income

(327)

(731)

(813)

     Reclassification adjustment for gain recognized in income related to reclassified held-to-maturity securities

     Income tax effect

—

88

—

(269)

292

433

     Change in defined benefit pension plan

284

(507)

(181)

     Income tax effect

(77)

203

72

Total other comprehensive income (loss)

(3,074)

1,289

(1,344)

Comprehensive income

$

8,929

$

8,864

$

11,568

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Table of Contents

MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(Dollars in thousands except per share data)
Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Preferred
Stock

Common
Stock

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss)

Treasury
Stock

Total
Stockholders’
Equity

Balance December 31, 2015

$

16,334

$

8,113

$

74,228

$

20,054

$

(2,933) $

(1,084) $

114,712

Net Income

Other comprehensive loss

Cash dividends paid ($0.08 per share)

Dividends on preferred stock

Common stock issuance, net of
issuance costs

Stock based compensation

Common stock options exercised

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,913

18,606

—

22

568

10

12,912

—

(646)

(1,128)

—

—

—

—

(1,344)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

12,912

(1,344)

(646)

(1,128)

20,519

568

32

Balance December 31, 2016

16,334

10,048

93,412

31,192

(4,277)

(1,084)

145,625

Net Income

Other comprehensive income

Cash dividends paid ($0.10 per share)

Dividends on preferred stock

—

—

—

—

Redemption of preferred stock

(8,500)

Common stock issuance, net of
issuance costs

Stock based compensation

Common stock options exercised

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

444

—

4

—

—

—

—

—

4,487

813

(14)

7,575

—

(1,033)

(498)

—

—

—

—

—

1,289

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

7,575

1,289

(1,033)

(498)

(8,500)

4,931

813

(10)

Balance December 31, 2017

7,834

10,496

98,698

37,236

(2,988)

(1,084)

150,192

Net Income

Other comprehensive loss

Cash dividends paid ($0.11 per share)

Dividends on preferred stock

Stock based compensation

Common stock options exercised

Restricted stock units vested

Stranded AOCI

Mark to Market on equity positions
held at December 31, 2017

Common stock issued from
subordinated debt conversion, net of
costs

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

161

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,267

1,968

(1)

—

—

1,000

14,965

12,003

—

(1,220)

(489)

—

—

—

646

98

—

—

(3,074)

—

—

—

—

—

(646)

(98)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

12,003

(3,074)

(1,220)

(489)

1,267

2,129

—

—

—

15,965

Balance December 31, 2018

$

7,834

$

11,658

116,897

48,274

$

(6,806) $

(1,084) $

176,773

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Table of Contents

MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Dollars in thousands)
Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
     Net amortization and accretion of investments
     Net amortization of deferred loan (fees) costs
     Provision for loan losses
     Depreciation and amortization
     Stock based compensation
     Loans originated for sale
     Proceeds of loans sold
     Mortgage fee income
     Gain on sale of securities
     Loss on sale of securities
     Net gain on equity securities
     Gain on sale of portfolio loans
     Gain on sale of subsidiary
     Income on bank owned life insurance, including death benefit proceeds in excess of cash surrender value
     Deferred taxes
     Other, net
     Net cash provided by operating activities
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
     Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale
     Maturities/paydowns of investment securities available-for-sale
     Maturities/paydowns of investment securities held-to-maturity
     Sales of investment securities available-for-sale
     Purchases of premises and equipment
     Disposals of premises and equipment
     Disposals of premises and equipment from sale of subsidiary
     Net increase in loans
     Purchases of restricted bank stock
     Redemptions of restricted bank stock
     Proceeds from sale of certificates of deposit with banks
     Purchases of certificates of deposit with banks
     Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned
     Proceeds from sale of subsidiary
     Purchase of bank owned life insurance
     Proceeds from death benefit of bank owned life insurance policies
     Purchase of equity securities
     Net cash used in investing activities
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
     Net increase in deposits
     Net (decrease) in repurchase agreements
     Net change in short-term FHLB borrowings
     Principal payments on FHLB borrowings
     Proceeds from new FHLB borrowings
     Subordinated debt conversion costs
     Proceeds from stock offering, net of issuance costs
     Preferred stock redemption
     Common stock options exercised
     Cash dividends paid on common stock
     Cash dividends paid on preferred stock
     Net cash provided by financing activities
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
     Loans transferred to other real estate owned
     Cashless stock options exercised
     Restricted stock units vested
     Common stock converted from subordinated debt
Cash payments for:
     Interest on deposits, repurchase agreements and borrowings
     Income taxes

2018

2017

2016

$

12,003

$

7,575

$

12,912

1,293
(324)
2,440
2,938
1,267
(1,214,078)
1,237,402
(32,337)
(352)
25
(590)
(198)
—
(1,182)
139
(1,752)
6,694

(31,068)
25,748
—
2,743
(2,693)
—
—
(199,282)
(29,370)
25,681
—
—
707
—
(1,149)
706
(2,000)
(209,977)

149,574
(7,478)
74,999
(62,281)
50,000
(35)
—
—
2,129
(1,220)
(489)
205,199
1,916
20,305
22,221

1,369
161
1
16

17,277
191

$

$

$

1,166
26
2,173
2,691
813
(1,367,531)
1,428,060
(37,149)
(1,103)
372
—
(538)
—
(646)
1,349
(4,137)
33,121

(139,127)
19,011
—
53,198
(4,496)
307
—
(53,960)
(20,712)
18,980
1,978
(2,229)
—
—
(9,050)
—
—
(136,100)

52,563
(2,757)
49,663
(15,097)
26,682
—
4,931
(8,500)
(10)
(1,033)
(498)
105,944
2,965
17,340
20,305

1,164
4
—
—

12,399
6,026

$

$

$

1,001
55
3,632
3,407
568
(1,643,450)
1,691,572
(35,673)
(1,084)
2
—
(1,042)
(6,926)
(638)
707
221
25,264

(114,612)
17,790
400
55,191
(1,668)
—
581
(22,245)
(23,933)
26,684
6,717
(8,094)
159
7,047
—
—
—
(55,983)

94,703
(2,277)
(92,184)
(93)
—
—
20,519
—
32
(646)
(1,128)
18,926
(11,793)
29,133
17,340

332
16
—
—

10,890
6,922

$

$

$

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

63

Table of Contents

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business and Organization

MVB Financial Corp. (“the Company”) is a financial holding company and was organized in 2003. MVB operates principally through 
its wholly-owned subsidiary, MVB Bank, Inc. (“MVB Bank”). MVB Bank’s operating subsidiaries include MVB Mortgage, MVB 
Insurance, LLC (“MVB Insurance”), and MVB Community Development Corporation (“CDC”).

MVB Bank was chartered in 1997 and commenced operations in 1999. 

In 2012, MVB Bank acquired Potomac Mortgage Group, Inc. (“PMG” which began doing business under the registered trade name 
“MVB  Mortgage”),  a  mortgage  company  in  the  northern Virginia  area,  and  fifty  percent  (50%)  interest  in  a  mortgage  services 
company, Lender Service Provider, LLC (“LSP”). In 2013, this fifty percent interest (50%) in LSP was reduced to a twenty-five 
percent (25%) interest and in 2017, a forfeiture of a partial interest occurred, which increased the interest owned to thirty-three 
percent (33%). At this time, LSP began doing business as Lenderworks. 

MVB Insurance was originally formed in 2000. In 2013, MVB Insurance became a direct subsidiary of the Company. In 2016, the 
Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with USI Insurance Services (“USI”), in which USI purchased substantially all 
of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of MVB Insurance, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $6.9 million and was reported in 
discontinued operations. MVB Insurance retained the assets related to, and continues to operate, its title insurance business, which 
is immaterial in terms of revenue. The Company reorganized MVB Insurance as a subsidiary of the Bank in 2016.

MVB CDC was formed in 2017 and was created as a means to provide opportunities for loans and investments that help to increase 
access to equity capital in under-served urban and rural areas of West Virginia and our market areas in Virginia. MVB CDC promotes 
specific bank-driven economic development strategies, provides for effective support for its CRA compliance strategy, and helps to 
support positive local reputation of the Bank through marketing and visible activities in the communities where we live and work.

A summary of significant accounting and reporting policies applied in the presentation of the accompanying consolidated financial 
statements follows:

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements are consolidated to include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiary, MVB Bank, and the Bank’s wholly-
owned subsidiaries, MVB Mortgage and MVB Insurance. These statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally 
accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All  significant inter-company  accounts and transactions have been  eliminated in the 
consolidated financial statements.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts 
of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the 
reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material 
estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to determination of the allowance for loan losses, derivative 
instruments, goodwill and deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Operating Segments

An operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise that engages in business activities that generates revenue and incurs 
expense, and the operating results of which are reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in the determination of resource 
allocation and performance. While the Company’s chief decision makers monitor the revenue streams of the various Company’s 
products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. The Company has 
identified three reportable segments: commercial and retail banking; mortgage banking; and financial holding company. Insurance 
services was previously identified as a reportable segment until entering into an Asset Purchase Agreement, as discussed below and 
in Note 22, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash  equivalents  include  cash  on  hand,  deposits  in  banks  and  interest-earning  deposits.  Interest-earning  deposits  with  original 
maturities of 90 days or less are considered cash equivalents. Net cash flows are reported for loans, deposits and short term borrowing 
transactions.

Management Estimates

The  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  GAAP  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the 
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates, such as the allowance for loan losses, are based 
upon known facts and circumstances. Estimates are revised by management in the period such facts and circumstances change. Actual 
results could differ from these estimates.

Investment Securities

Investment securities at the time of purchase are classified as one of the following:

Held-to-Maturity Securities - Includes securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. These 
securities are reported at amortized cost. 

Available-for-Sale Securities - Includes debt that will be held for indefinite periods of time. These securities may be sold in 
response to changes in market interest or prepayment rates, needs for liquidity and changes in the availability of and yield of alternative 
investments. Such securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported 
as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of estimated income tax effect.

Equity Securities - Includes equity securities that are adjusted to fair value on a monthly basis, with the change in value recorded 
directly on the income statement. 

The amortized cost of investment in debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, computed 
by a method that results in a level yield. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are computed on the basis of specific 
identification of the adjusted cost of each security.

Securities are periodically reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment. For debt securities, management considers whether the 
present value of future cash flows expected to be collected are less than the security’s amortized cost basis (the difference defined 
as the credit loss), the magnitude and duration of the decline, the reasons underlying the decline and the Company’s intent to sell the 
security or whether it is more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery 
in market value, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary. Once a decline in value is determined to be other 
than temporary, if the Company does not intend to sell the security, and it is more-likely-than-not that it will not be required to sell 
the security, before recovery of the security’s amortized cost basis, the charge to earnings is limited to the amount of credit loss. Any 
remaining difference between fair value and amortized cost (the difference defined as the non-credit portion) is recognized in other 
comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. A decline in value that is considered to be other-than-temporary is recorded as a loss 
within noninterest income in the consolidated statement of income.

Common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) represents ownership in an institution which is wholly owned by other 
financial institutions. These equity securities are accounted for at cost, less impairment and are classified as other assets.

Loans Held for Sale

Through multiple secondary market investors, MVB Mortgage has the ability to offer customers long-term fixed rate and variable 
rate mortgage products without holding these instruments in the Bank’s loan portfolio. MVB Mortgage elected the fair value option 
and therefore records loans held for sale at fair value. Occasionally the Bank will sell portfolio loans and have them classified as 
loans held for sale. These loans are recorded at lower of cost or market.

The Company has a loan indemnification reserve for loans sold that may be subject to repurchase in the event of specific default by 
the  borrower  or  subsequent  discovery  that  underwriting  standards  were  not  met. The  reserve  amount  was  $200  thousand  as  of 
December 31, 2018 and 2017.

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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principal reduced by an allowance for loan losses. Loans are considered non-accrual when 
scheduled principal or interest payments are 90 days past due. Interest income on loans is recognized on an accrual basis. The 
allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level deemed adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The 
Company consistently applies a quarterly loan review process to continually evaluate loans for changes in credit risk. This process 
serves as the primary means by which the Company evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, and is based upon 
periodic review of the collectability of loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse 
situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic 
conditions.  This  evaluation  is  inherently  subjective  as  it  requires  estimates  that  are  susceptible  to  significant  revision  as  more 
information becomes available.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are impaired. The general 
component covers all loans that are not impaired, and is based upon historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.

The Company allocates the allowance based on the factors described below, which conform to the Company’s loan classification 
policy. In reviewing risk within the Bank and Mortgage Company’s loan portfolio, management has determined there to be several 
different risk categories within the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses consists of amounts applicable to: (i) residential real 
estate loans; (ii) commercial and commercial real estate secured loans; (iii) home equity loans; (iv) consumer and other loans. Factors 
considered in this process include general loan terms, collateral, and availability of historical data to support the analysis. Historical 
loss percentages for each loan category are calculated and used as the basis for calculating allowance allocations. Certain qualitative 
factors are evaluated to determine additional inherent risks in the loan portfolio, which are not necessarily reflected in the historical 
loss percentages. These factors are then added to the historical allocation percentages to get the adjusted factor to be applied to non-
classified loans on a weighted basis, by risk grade. The following qualitative factors are analyzed:

•  Lending policies and procedures
•  Nature and volume of the portfolio
•  Experience and ability of lending management and staff
•  Volume and severity of problem credits
•  Conclusions of loan reviews, audits and exams
•  National, state, regional and local economic trends and business conditions

  General economic conditions
  Unemployment rates

Inflation / CPI

•  Value of underlying collateral
•  Existence and effect of any credit concentrations
•  Consumer sentiment
•  Other external factors

The Company analyzes its loan portfolio each quarter to determine the appropriateness of its allowance for loan losses.

A loan that has deteriorated and requires additional collection efforts by the Bank could warrant non-accrual status. A thorough 
review is presented to the Chief Credit Officer and/or the Management Loan Committee (“MLC”), as required with respect to any 
loan which is in a collection process and to make a determination as to whether the loan should be placed on non-accrual status. The 
placement of loans on non-accrual status is subject to applicable regulatory restrictions and guidelines. Generally, loans should be 
placed in non-accrual status when the loan reaches 90 days past due, when it becomes likely the borrower cannot or will not make 
scheduled principal or interest payments, when full repayment of principal and interest is not expected, or when the loan displays 
potential loss characteristics. Normally, all accrued interest is reversed when a loan is placed in non-accrual status, unless Management 
believes it is likely the accrued interest will be collected. Any payments subsequently received are applied to principal. To remove 
a loan from non-accrual status, all principal and interest due must be paid up to date and the Bank is reasonably sure of future 
satisfactory payment performance. Usually, this requires a six-month recent history of timely payments. Removal of a loan from 
non-accrual status requires the approval of the Chief Credit Officer and or MLC.

A loan is considered impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to 
collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors 
considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting 
scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and shortages generally 

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are not classified as impaired. Generally, the Company considers impaired loans to include loans classified as non-accrual loans, 
loans past due for longer than 90 days and troubled debt restructurings.

The Company defers loan origination and commitment fees and direct loan origination costs and the net amount is amortized as an 
adjustment of the related loan’s yield.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

A restructuring of debt constitutes a TDR if the creditor for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties 
grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The determination of whether a concession has been granted 
includes an evaluation of the debtor’s ability to access funds at a market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics and among 
other things, the significance of the modification relative to unpaid principal or collateral value of the debt, and/or the significance 
of a delay in the timing of payments relative to the frequency of payments, original maturity date or the expected duration of the 
loan. The most common concessions granted generally include one or more modifications to the terms of the debt such as a reduction 
in the interest rate for the remaining life of the debt, an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market 
rate for new debt with similar risk, or reduction of the unpaid principal or interest. All TDRs are considered impaired loans.

Derivative Instruments

Interest Rate Lock Commitments and Hedges

The Company enters into commitments to originate mortgage loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to 
funding  (rate  lock  commitments).  Rate  lock  commitments  on  mortgage  loans  that  are  intended  to  be  sold  are  considered  to  be 
derivatives. The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and closing and sale of the loan generally ranges from 30 
days  to  120  days. The  Company  protects  itself  from  changes  in  interest  rates  through  the  use  of  best  efforts  forward  delivery 
commitments, whereby the Company commits to sell a loan at the time the borrower commits to an interest rate with the intent that 
the buyer has assumed interest rate risk on the loan. The correlation between the rate lock commitments and hedges is very high due 
to their similarity. As a result of these strategies, the Company limits the exposure of losses with these arrangements and will not 
realize significant gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates. For loans not originated on a best effort 
basis, the Company also uses mortgage-backed security hedges and pair-offs to mitigate interest rate risk by entering into securities 
and mortgage-backed securities trades with brokers. 

The fair value of rate lock commitments and hedges is not readily ascertainable with precision because rate lock commitments and 
hedges are not actively traded in stand-alone-markets. The Company determines the fair value of rate lock commitments and hedges 
by  measuring  the  change  in  the  value  of  the  underlying  asset  while  taking  into  consideration  the  probability  that  the  rate  lock 
commitments will close. Fair value changes are recorded in noninterest income in the Company’s consolidated statement of income. 
At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of interest rate lock commitments was $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively. 
There were no forward sales commitments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Interest Rate Cap

The Company has entered into a rate protection transaction through SMBC Capital Markets, Inc. covering the period November 26, 
2014 through December 1, 2019. The notional amount is $100 million and 3 month LIBOR is the underlying rate and the strike price 
is 3%. The 5 year coverage is broken into 20 quarterly caps. The Company’s fixed cost in the interest rate cap was $1.5 million. The 
credit support provider must maintain a long-term senior unsecured debt rating of A or better by S&P and A2 or better by Moody’s. 
The interest rate cap agreement is a free-standing derivative and is recorded at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance 
sheet. Fair value changes are recorded in noninterest income in the Company’s consolidated net income statement. At December 31, 
2018 and 2017, the fair value of the interest rate cap was $8 thousand and $33 thousand, respectively.

Interest Rate Swap

Beginning in 2015, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to facilitate the risk management strategies of a small 
number of commercial banking clients. The Company mitigates this risk by entering into equal and offsetting interest rate swap 
agreements with highly rated third-party financial institutions. The interest rate swap agreements are free-standing derivatives and 
are recorded at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Fair value changes are recorded in noninterest income in 
the Company’s consolidated net income statement. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the fair value of interest rate swap agreements 
was $1.4 million and $268 thousand, respectively.

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Fair Value Hedge

The Company entered into an interest rate swap designated as a fair value hedge to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on 
the fair values of the loans. This involves the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making 
fixed payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. The gain or loss on the 
derivative as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. The 
Company entered into a pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swap in December 2018 with a notional amount of $45.0 million
which was designated as a fair value hedge associated with the Company’s fixed rate loan program. At December 31, 2018, the fair 
value of interest rate swap hedge was $343 thousand.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) are recorded when the Bank sells mortgage loans and retains the servicing on those loans. On a 
monthly basis, MVB tracks the amount of mortgage loans that are sold with servicing retained. A valuation is done to determine the 
MSR’s value, which is then recorded as an asset and amortized over the period of estimated net servicing revenues. The balance of 
MSR’s is evaluated for impairment quarterly, and was determined not to be impaired at December 31, 2018 or 2017. Servicing loans 
for others generally consists of collecting mortgage payments from borrowers, maintaining escrow accounts, remitting payments to 
third party investors and when necessary, foreclosure processing. Serviced loans are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 
At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the MSR’s value was $173 thousand and $182 thousand, respectively. 

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed for financial reporting 
by the straight-line-method based on the estimated useful lives of assets, which range from 7 to 40 years on buildings and leasehold 
improvements and 3 to 10 years on furniture, fixtures and equipment.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Goodwill is reviewed for potential impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level. In addition to the annual impairment 
evaluation, the Company evaluates for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not an impairment 
loss has occurred. The Company performs its annual impairment test during the fourth quarter. The Company first assesses qualitative 
factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test discussed below. The Company assesses 
qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, 
including goodwill. Examples of qualitative factors include: economic conditions; industry and market considerations; increases in 
raw materials, labor, or other costs; overall financial performance such as negative or declining cash flows; relevant entity-specific 
events such as changes in management, key personnel, strategy, or customers; and regulatory or political developments.

If, based on its assessment of the qualitative factors, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value 
of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the first and second steps of the goodwill impairment test are not necessary. 
If determined to be necessary, a two-step impairment test is performed to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the 
amount of a goodwill impairment loss to be recognized (if any). The first step requires the estimation of the reporting unit’s fair 
value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value, including goodwill, no further testing is required. If the 
carrying value exceeds the fair value, a second step is performed to determine whether an impairment charge must be recorded, and 
if so, the amount of such charge.

It was decided that the Company would early adopt ASU 2017-04, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the 
Test for Goodwill Impairment. Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) and did so for the period ended December 31, 
2018. As such, the Company began using the one-step process for the annual impairment evaluation. 

The Company’s assessment of qualitative factors determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting 
unit is less than its carrying amount and therefore, goodwill is not impaired as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. As of December 31, 
2018 and 2017, the Company had goodwill of $18.5 million, respectively.

Intangible assets include core deposit intangibles which are amortized over their useful life of ten years using the double-declining 
balance method and have been reviewed for impairment. Net core deposit intangibles are included in accrued interest receivable and 
other assets on the consolidated balance sheet and totaled $550 thousand and $646 thousand as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, 
respectively.

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Restricted Bank Stock

The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh and as such, is required to maintain a minimum investment in stock of the FHLB 
that varies with the level of advances outstanding with the FHLB. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Bank holds $11.3 million
and $7.6 million, respectively. The stock is bought from and sold to the FHLB based upon its $100 par value. The stock does not 
have a readily determinable fair value and as such is classified as restricted stock, carried at cost and evaluated by management. The 
stock’s  value  is  determined  by  the  ultimate  recoverability  of  the  par  value  rather  than  by  recognizing  temporary  declines. The 
determination of whether the par value will ultimately be recovered is influenced by criteria such as the following: (a) a significant 
decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared to the capital stock amount and the length of time this situation has persisted (b) 
commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating 
performance (c) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on the customer base of the FHLB and (d) the liquidity position of 
the FHLB. Management evaluated the stock and concluded that the stock was not impaired for the periods presented herein.

Management  considered  that  the  FHLB’s  regulatory  capital  ratios  have  improved  in  the  most  recent  quarters,  liquidity  appears 
adequate, new shares of FHLB stock continue to exchange hands at the $100 par value and the FHLB has repurchased shares of 
excess capital stock from its members during 2018 and 2017.

Foreclosed Assets Held for Resale

Foreclosed assets held for resale acquired in satisfaction of mortgage obligations and in foreclosure proceedings are recorded at fair 
value less estimated selling costs at the time of foreclosure, with any valuation adjustments charged to the allowance for loan losses. 
In subsequent periods, foreclosed assets are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less any costs to sell. Any gains or losses on 
sale are then recorded in other noninterest expense. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company held other real estate of $2.1 
million and $1.3 million.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) represents life insurance on the lives of certain Company employees who have provided positive 
consent allowing the Company to be the beneficiary of such policies. These policies are recorded at their cash surrender value, or 
the amount that can be realized upon surrender of the policy. Income from these policies is not subject to income taxes and is recorded 
as noninterest income.

Income Taxes

The Company and the Bank file a consolidated federal income tax return. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on 
the difference between the financial statement basis and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rates. 
Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the net deferred tax asset or liability from period to period. 

Stock Based Compensation

Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock units (“RSU’s”) issued to employees, based on the fair value 
of these awards at the date of grant. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options. Compensation cost 
is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation 
cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. 

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Table of Contents

Earnings Per Share

The Company determines basic earnings per share by dividing net income less preferred stock dividends by the weighted average 
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is determined by dividing net income less 
dividends on convertible preferred stock plus interest on convertible subordinated debt by the weighted average number of shares 
outstanding increased by both the number of shares that would be issued assuming the exercise of stock options under the Company’s 
2003 and 2013 Stock Incentive Plans and the conversion of preferred stock and subordinated debt if dilutive.

(Dollars in thousands except shares and per share data)

2018

2017

2016

For the years ended

December 31,

Numerator for basic earnings per share:

Net Income from continuing operations

Less: Dividends on preferred stock

Net Income from continuing operations available to common shareholders - basic

Net Income from discontinued operations available to common shareholders - basic and
diluted

Net Income available to common shareholders

Numerator for diluted earnings per share:

Net Income from continuing operations available to common shareholders - basic

Add: Dividends on preferred stock

Add: Interest on subordinated debt (tax effected)

Net Income available to common shareholders from continuing operations - diluted

Denominator:

Total average shares outstanding

Effect of dilutive convertible preferred stock

Effect of dilutive convertible subordinated debt

Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units

Total diluted average shares outstanding

Earnings per share from continuing operations - basic

Earnings per share from discontinued operations - basic

Earnings per common shareholder - basic

Earnings per share from continuing operations - diluted

Earnings per share from discontinued operations - diluted

Earnings per common shareholder - diluted

Comprehensive Income

$

12,003

$

7,575

$

489

11,514

—

498

7,077

—

11,514

$

7,077

$

11,514

$

7,077

$

489

753

—

—

12,756

$

7,077

$

8,977

1,128

7,849

3,935

11,784

7,849

—

1,390

9,239

11,030,984

10,308,738

8,212,021

489,625

837,500

363,894

—

—

131,490

—

1,837,500

19,212

12,722,003

10,440,228

10,068,733

1.04

$

— $

1.04

1.00

$

$

— $

1.00

$

0.69

$

— $

0.69

0.68

$

$

— $

0.68

$

0.96

0.48

1.44

0.92

0.39

1.31

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although 
certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities and minimum pension 
liability, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheet, such items, along with net 
income, are components of comprehensive income.

In 2018, the Company was required to perform a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting 
from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Reform Act, which was enacted on December 22, 2017. As 
discussed previously, the Tax Reform Act included a reduction to the corporate income tax rate from 34 percent to 21 percent effective 
January 1, 2018. The amount of the reclassification is the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly 
enacted 21 percent corporate income tax rate, which resulted in a decrease of $646 thousand. 

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Marketing Costs

Marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Marketing expense was $1.1 million, $1.2 million and $1.3 million for 2018, 2017 and 
2016, respectively.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred 
assets is deemed to be surrendered when (i) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (ii) the transferee obtains the right (free 
of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (iii) the Company 
does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the 2017 and 2016 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 financial 
statement presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In  February  2018,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”)  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  (“ASU”) 
2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income  (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated 
Other Comprehensive Income. This update requires a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to 
retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Reform Act, 
which was enacted on December 22, 2017.  The Tax Reform Act included a reduction to the corporate income tax rate from 34 
percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. The amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 
15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2018-02 during the first 
quarter of 2018 and elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act from AOCI to retained earnings. The amount 
of the reclassification is the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21 percent corporate 
income tax rate, which amounted to $646 thousand. 

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the 
existing hedge accounting model and expands an entity’s ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components and reduce 
complexity in fair value hedges of interest-rate risk. The ASU eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge 
ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income 
statement line as the hedged item. The ASU also changes certain documentation and assessment requirements and modifies the 
accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. This ASU is effective for public business entities 
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is early adopting this ASU in 
accordance with paragraph ASC 815-20-65-3 subpart C. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s 
financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements. However, by early adopting, the Company is now 
able to pursue additional hedging strategies as described above, including the ability to apply fair value hedge accounting to a specified 
pool of assets by excluding the portion of the hedged items related to prepayments, defaults and other events. This will allow the 
Company to better align its accounting and the financial reporting of its hedging activities with their economic objectives thereby 
reducing the earnings volatility resulting from these hedging activities.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables–Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium 
Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This ASU amends guidance on the amortization period of premiums on certain 
purchased callable debt securities. Specifically, the amendments shorten the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased 
callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amendments affect all entities that hold investments in callable debt securities 
that have an amortized cost basis in excess of the amount that is repayable by the issuer at the earliest call date (that is, at a premium). 
For public companies, this update will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including all interim periods 
within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to be material to the consolidated financial statements, as it 
is our current policy to amortize premiums of investment securities to the earliest call date.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill 
Impairment. Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), currently requires an entity that has not elected the private 
company alternative for goodwill to perform a two-step test to determine the amount, if any, of goodwill impairment. In Step 1, an 
entity compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting 
unit exceeds its fair value, the entity performs Step 2 and compares the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount of 

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that goodwill for that reporting unit. An impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill for the 
reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill is recorded, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting 
unit. To address concerns over the cost and complexity of the two-step goodwill impairment test, the amendments in this update 
remove the second step of the test. An entity will apply a one-step quantitative test and record the amount of goodwill impairment 
as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the 
reporting unit. The new guidance does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. For public companies, 
this update will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including all interim periods within those fiscal 
years. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on 
Financial Instruments. The new guidance replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with an expected 
credit loss methodology and requires consideration of a broader range of information to determine credit loss estimates. Financial 
assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for credit losses. 
Purchased credit impaired loans will receive an allowance account at the acquisition date that represents a component of the purchase 
price allocation. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses, 
with such allowance limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. The guidance is effective for fiscal years 
beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has formed an implementation team 
led by the CFO, that also includes other lines of business and functions within the Company. The Company has also engaged a third 
party to assist with a data gap analysis and will utilize the data to determine the impact of the pronouncement. Additionally, the 
Company has researched and acquired software to assist in the development of models that can meet the requirements of the new 
guidance. While this standard may potentially have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, we are 
still in the process of completing our evaluation. 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, 
lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date:
(1) A lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and 
(2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease 
term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where 
necessary,  lessor  accounting  with  the  lessee  accounting  model  and  Topic  606,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers.  The 
amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those 
fiscal years. ASU 2016-02 initially required transition using a modified retrospective approach for leases existing at, or entered into 
after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 
2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements, which, among other things, provides an additional transition method that 
would allow entities to not apply the guidance in ASU 2016-02 in the comparative periods presented in the financial statements and 
instead recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. In December 
2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements, for Lessors which provides certain 
policy elections and changes lessor accounting for sales and similar taxes and certain lessor costs. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-02, 
ASU 2018-11, and ASU 2018-20 on January 1, 2019, the Company expects to recognize right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities 
ranging from $12.0 million to $13.0 million and $15.0 million to $16.0 million,  respectively. The Company expects to elect to apply 
certain practical expedients provided under ASU 2016-02 whereby the Company will not reassess (i) whether any expired or existing 
contracts are or contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (iii) initial direct costs for any 
existing leases. The Company also does not expect to apply the recognition requirements of ASU 2016-02 to any short-term leases 
(as defined by related accounting guidance). The Company also expects to account for lease and non-lease components separately 
because such amounts are readily determinable under our lease contracts and because the Company expects this election will result 
in a lower impact on our balance sheet. The Company expects to utilize the modified-retrospective transition approach prescribed 
by ASU 2018-11.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Accounting for Financial Instruments -  Overall: Classification and Measurement 
(Subtopic 825-10). Amendments within ASU 2016-01 that relate to non-public entities have been excluded from this presentation. 
The amendments in this ASU 2016-01 address the following: 1) require equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes 
in fair value recognized in net income; 2) simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily-determinable 
fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment; 3) eliminate the requirement to disclose the method(s) and 
significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized 
cost on the balance sheet; 4) require entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for 
disclosure purposes; 5) require separate presentation in other comprehensive income for the portion of the total change in the fair 
value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability 
at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; 6) require separate presentation of financial assets 
and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the 

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balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; and 7) clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a 
valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax 
assets. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim 
periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 on 
January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In accordance with 5) above, 
the Company measures fair value of its loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using an exit price notion. See Note 17, “Fair Value of 
Financial  Instruments”  of  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included  in  Item  8,  Financial  Statements  and 
Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new revenue pronouncement 
creates a single source of revenue guidance for all companies in all industries and is more principles-based than current revenue 
guidance. The pronouncement provides a five-step model for a company to recognize revenue when it transfers control of goods or 
services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or 
services. The five steps are, (1) identify the contract with the customer, (2) identify the separate performance obligations in the 
contract,  (3) determine  the  transaction  price,  (4) allocate  the  transaction  price  to  the  separate  performance  obligations  and 
(5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. The Company evaluated the impact of this standard on individual 
customer contracts, while management evaluated the impact of this standard on the broad categories of its customer contracts and 
revenue streams. The Company determined that this standard did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements 
because revenue related to financial instruments, including loans and investment securities are not in scope of these updates. Loan 
interest income, investment interest income, insurance services revenue and BOLI are accounted for under other U.S. GAAP standards 
and out of scope of ASC 606 revenue standard. The Company also completed an evaluation of certain costs related to customer 
contracts and revenue streams to determine whether such costs should be presented as expenses or contra-revenue (i.e., gross versus 
net). Based on the evaluation, the Company determined that the classification of certain debit and credit card related costs should 
change  (i.e.,  costs  previously  recorded  as  expense  are  now  recorded  as  contra-revenue).  This  classification  change  resulted  in 
immaterial changes to both revenue and expense. The Company adopted the revenue recognition standard and its related amendments 
as of January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach. Since there was no net income impact upon adoption of the new 
guidance, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. Consistent with the modified 
retrospective approach, the Company did not adjust prior period amounts for the debit and credit card related cost reclassifications 
noted above.

NOTE 2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

There were no held-to-maturity securities at December 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Amortized cost and fair values of investment securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

U. S. Agency securities

U.S. Sponsored Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal securities

Total debt securities

Other securities

Amortized
Cost

Unrealized
Gain

Unrealized
Loss

Fair Value

$

79,041

$

52,154

84,747

215,942

10,308

14

—

206

220

68

$

(1,625) $

(2,039)

(1,192)

(4,856)

(68)

77,430

50,115

83,761

211,306

10,308

Total investment securities available-for-sale

$

226,250

$

288

$

(4,924) $

221,614

Amortized cost and fair values of investment securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

U. S. Agency securities

U.S. Sponsored Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal securities

Total debt securities

Equity and other securities

Amortized
Cost

Unrealized
Gain

Unrealized
Loss

Fair Value

$

81,705

$

59,387

74,482

215,574

15,940

81

31

1,733

1,845

644

$

(841) $

(1,264)

(373)

(2,478)

(18)

80,945

58,154

75,842

214,941

16,566

Total investment securities available-for-sale

$

231,514

$

2,489

$

(2,496) $

231,507

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The following table summarizes amortized cost and fair values of debt securities by maturity:

(Dollars in thousands)

Within one year

After one year, but within five

After five years, but within ten

After ten years

Total

December 31, 2018

Available for sale

Amortized Cost

Fair Value

$

$

11,066

$

37,332

26,778

140,766

215,942

$

11,260

36,593

26,045

137,408

211,306

Investment securities with a carrying value of $50.4 million and $113.3 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were 
pledged to secure public funds, repurchase agreements and potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve discount window.

The Company’s investment portfolio includes securities that are in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2018, the details 
of which are included in the following table. Although these securities, if sold at December 31, 2018 would result in a pretax loss 
of $4.9 million, the Company has no intent to sell the applicable securities at such fair values, and maintains the Company has the 
ability to hold these securities until all principal has been recovered. It is more likely than not that the Company will not sell any 
securities at a loss for liquidity purposes. Declines in the fair values of these securities can be traced to general market conditions 
which  reflect  the  prospect  for  the  economy  as  a  whole. When  determining  other-than-temporary  impairment  on  securities,  the 
Company considers such factors as adverse conditions specifically related to a certain security or to specific conditions in an industry 
or geographic area, the time frame securities have been in an unrealized loss position, the Company’s ability to hold the security for 
a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery in value, whether or not the security has been downgraded by a rating 
agency, and whether or not the financial condition of the security issuer has severely deteriorated. As of December 31, 2018, the 
Company considers all securities with unrealized loss positions to be temporarily impaired, and consequently, does not believe the 
Company will sustain any material realized losses as a result of the current temporary decline in fair value.

The following table discloses investments in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2018:

(Dollars in thousands)

Description and number of positions

U.S. Agency securities (54)

U.S. Sponsored Mortgage-backed securities (42)

Municipal securities (78)

Other securities (2)

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Fair Value

Unrealized
Loss

Fair Value

Unrealized
Loss

$

$

$

9,762

$

(123) $

63,740

$

2,360

5,936

2,452

20,510

$

$

(32)

(46)

(48) $

47,755

35,955

1,018

(249) $

148,468

$

$

(1,502)

(2,007)

(1,146)

(20)

(4,675)

The following table discloses investments in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2017:

(Dollars in thousands)

Description and number of positions

U.S. Agency securities (45)

U.S. Sponsored Mortgage-backed securities (39)

Municipal securities (47)

Equity and other securities (2)

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Fair Value

Unrealized
Loss

Fair Value

Unrealized
Loss

$

61,834

$

(659) $

7,709

$

16,825

8,826

1,034

(159)

(48)

(18)

37,427

16,781

—

(182)

(1,105)

(325)

—

$

88,519

$

(884) $

61,917

$

(1,612)

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The  Company  sold  investments  available-for-sale  of  $2.7  million,  $53.2  million  and  $55.2  million  in  2018,  2017  and  2016, 
respectively. These sales resulted in gross gains of $353 thousand, $1.1 million and $1.1 million and gross losses of $26 thousand, 
$372 thousand, and $2 thousand in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company sold no held-to-maturity investments during the years of 2018, 2017, or 2016. 

NOTE 3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

The Company routinely generates 1-4 family mortgages for sale into the secondary market. During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company 
recognized sales proceeds of $1.2 billion, $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion, resulting in mortgage fee income of $32.3 million, $37.1 
million and $35.7 million, respectively.

The components of loans in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial and Non-Residential Real Estate

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

Total Loans

Deferred loan origination (fees) and costs, net

Loans receivable

2018

2017

$

941,033

$

294,929

59,015

9,605

783,909

246,214

62,400

12,783

1,304,582

1,105,306

(216)

635

$

1,304,366

$

1,105,941

The following table summarizes the primary segments of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018

     Individually evaluated for impairment

     Collectively evaluated for impairment

Total Loans

December 31, 2017

     Individually evaluated for impairment

     Collectively evaluated for impairment

Total Loans

Commercial

Residential

Home
Equity

Consumer

Total

$

$

$

$

9,734

931,299

941,033

13,796

770,113

783,909

$

$

$

$

2,831

292,098

294,929

1,569

244,645

246,214

$

$

$

$

123

58,892

59,015

13

62,387

62,400

$

$

$

$

90

9,515

9,605

178

12,605

12,783

$

$

$

$

12,778

1,291,804

1,304,582

15,556

1,089,750

1,105,306

Loans are considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable 
to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors 
considered  by  management  in  evaluating  impairment  include  payment  status,  collateral  value,  and  the  probability  of  collecting 
scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment 
shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including 
the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to 
the principal and interest owed. The Company also separately evaluates individual consumer loans for impairment. The Chief Credit 
Officer identifies these loans individually by monitoring the delinquency status of the Bank’s portfolio. Once identified, the Bank’s 
ongoing  communications  with  the  borrower  allow  Management  to  evaluate  the  significance  of  the  payment  delays  and  the 
circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower.

Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured using one of three valuation 
methods: (a) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (b) the loan’s observable 
market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis, with management 
primarily utilizing the fair value of collateral method. The evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allocation of the allowance 
and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made on a quarterly basis.

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The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for 
which a specific allowance was not necessary as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018

Commercial

     Commercial Business

     Commercial Real Estate

     Acquisition & Development

          Total Commercial

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

Impaired Loans with
Specific Allowance

Impaired
Loans with
No Specific
Allowance

Total Impaired Loans

Recorded
Investment

Related
Allowance

Recorded
Investment

Recorded
Investment

Unpaid
Principal
Balance

$

4,885

$

1,842

—

6,727

—

—

—

$

668

375

—

1,043

—

—

—

387

396

2,224

3,007

2,831

123

90

$

5,272

$

2,238

2,224

9,734

2,831

123

90

5,292

2,300

3,601

11,193

2,882

123

316

          Total Impaired Loans

$

6,727

$

1,043

$

6,051

$

12,778

$

14,514

December 31, 2017

Commercial

     Commercial Business

     Commercial Real Estate

     Acquisition & Development

          Total Commercial

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

$

3,283

$

22

$

979

$

4,262

$

4,603

—

7,886

—

—

69

1,150

—

1,172

—

—

16

2,814

2,117

5,910

1,569

13

109

7,417

2,117

13,796

1,569

13

178

4,275

7,921

4,090

16,286

1,601

13

475

          Total Impaired Loans

$

7,955

$

1,188

$

7,601

$

15,556

$

18,375

Impaired  loans  have  decreased  by  $2.8  million,  or  17.9%,  during  2018,  due  to    multiple  factors  including  increases  due  to  the 
identification of $5.6 million of recently impaired loans, the sale of three impaired commercial loans totaling $5.4 million, principal 
curtailments of $738 thousand, partial charge-offs of $708 thousand, foreclosure and reclassification to other real estate owned of 
$720  thousand,  reclassification  of  $620  thousand  of  previously  reported  impaired  loans  to  performing  loans,  and  normal  loan 
amortization of $153 thousand. 

The $5.6 million total of recently identified impaired loans includes $3.7 million, or 66.1%, of commercial loans, $1.6 million, or 
28.6%, of residential mortgage loans, and $213 thousand, or 5.3%, of consumer loans. The commercial loans are primarily concentrated 
in two relationships, including a $1.8 million note secured by a stalled real estate development project, and two notes totaling $1.4 
million secured by a struggling automotive dealership. These three loans represent 86.5% of the recently impaired commercial loans, 
while  the  remaining  $500  thousand  represent  six  additional  commercial  loans  ranging  from  $11  thousand  to  $152  thousand  in 
outstanding balances.

The $5.4 million total of sold impaired loans includes three loans in two commercial relationships, including a $3.4 million purchased 
participation note secured by a senior healthcare facility, a $1.1 million commercial real estate loan, net of a $579 thousand sold 
participation, secured by a retail strip center, and a $874 thousand development loan secured by a developed commercial pad site 
adjacent to the retail strip center. The healthcare loan was purchased by another investor with significant resources in the healthcare 
industry, while the retail and development loans were purchased by an investor with personal ties to the project. 

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The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the years 
ended:

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Average
Investment
in
Impaired
Loans

Interest
Income
Recognized
on Accrual
Basis

Interest
Income
Recognized
on Cash
Basis

Average
Investment
in
Impaired
Loans

Interest
Income
Recognized
on Accrual
Basis

Interest
Income
Recognized
on Cash
Basis

Average
Investment
in
Impaired
Loans

Interest
Income
Recognized
on Accrual
Basis

Interest
Income
Recognized
on Cash
Basis

$

4,052

$

51

$

106

$

3,718

$

155

$

113

$

4,027

$

155

$

6,416

1,367

11,835

2,569

100

149

159

106

316

20

2

—

94

8

208

14

1

—

3,199

3,429

10,346

1,424

538

187

100

9

264

13

1

—

98

13

3,590

3,983

224

11,600

53

1

—

928

50

245

100

9

264

20

1

—

104

75

112

291

28

1

—

$

14,653

$

338

$

223

$

12,495

$

278

$

278

$

12,823

$

285

$

320

(Dollars in
thousands)

Commercial

  Commercial
Business

  Commercial Real
Estate

  Acquisition &
Development

    Total Commercial

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

Total

As of December 31, 2018, the Bank held thirteen foreclosed residential real estate properties representing $914 thousand, or 43%, 
of the total balance of other real estate owned. These properties are held as a result of the foreclosures of primarily two commercial 
loan relationships, one of which included four properties for a total of $395 thousand, while the other included seven properties for 
a total of $174 thousand. The two remaining properties, totaling $345 thousand, were result of the foreclosure of two unrelated 
borrowers. There are three additional consumer mortgage loans and one installment loan collateralized by residential real estate 
property in the process of foreclosure. The total recorded investment in these loans was $1.5 million as of December 31, 2018. These 
loans are included in the table above and have a total of $0 in specific allowance allocated to them.

Bank management uses a nine point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first 
six categories are considered not criticized, and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management 
generally  follow  bank  regulatory  definitions. The  Special  Mention  category  includes  assets  that  are  currently  protected  but  are 
potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. 
Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and have a distinct 
possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Any portion of a loan that has been or is expected to 
be charged off is placed in the Loss category.

To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the 
Bank has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential 
mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as past due status, bankruptcy, repossession, or death 
occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. The Bank’s Chief Credit Officer is responsible for the timely and accurate risk 
rating  of  the  loans  in  the  portfolio  at  origination  and  on  an  ongoing  basis. The  Credit  Department  ensures  that  a  review  of  all 
commercial relationships of one million dollars or greater is performed annually.

Review of the appropriate risk grade is included in both the internal and external loan review process, and on an ongoing basis. The 
Bank has an experienced Credit Department that continually reviews and assesses loans within the portfolio. The Bank engages an 
external consultant to conduct independent loan reviews on at least an annual basis. Generally, the external consultant reviews larger 
commercial relationships or criticized relationships. The Bank’s Credit Department compiles detailed reviews, including plans for 
resolution, on loans classified as Substandard on a quarterly basis. Loans in the Special Mention and Substandard categories that are 
collectively evaluated for impairment are given separate consideration in the determination of the allowance.

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The following table represents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of 
Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018

Commercial

     Commercial Business

     Commercial Real Estate

     Acquisition & Development

          Total Commercial

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

          Total Loans

December 31, 2017

Commercial

     Commercial Business

     Commercial Real Estate

     Acquisition & Development

          Total Commercial

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

          Total Loans

Pass

Special
Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

$

432,589

$

5,290

$

5,652

$

— $

443,531

371,309

118,754

922,652

290,602

58,100

9,359

2,071

179

7,540

2,608

876

164

2,181

2,879

10,712

1,600

39

19

—

129

129

119

—

63

375,561

121,941

941,033

294,929

59,015

9,605

$ 1,280,713

$

11,188

$

12,370

$

311

$ 1,304,582

$

371,041

$

4,816

$

4,506

$

— $

380,363

271,751

96,712

739,504

242,823

61,037

12,453

22,995

931

28,742

3,036

1,311

174

5,961

2,230

12,697

223

52

25

1,149

1,817

2,966

132

—

131

301,856

101,690

783,909

246,214

62,400

12,783

$ 1,055,817

$

33,263

$

12,997

$

3,229

$ 1,105,306

Management  further  monitors  the  performance  and  credit  quality  of  the  loan  portfolio  by  analyzing  the  age  of  the  portfolio  as 
determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due.

A loan that has deteriorated and requires additional collection efforts by the Bank could warrant non-accrual status. A thorough 
review is presented to the Chief Credit Officer and/or the Management Loan Committee (“MLC”), as required with respect to any 
loan which is in a collection process and to make a determination as to whether the loan should be placed on non-accrual status. The 
placement of loans on non-accrual status is subject to applicable regulatory restrictions and guidelines. Generally, loans should be 
placed in non-accrual status when the loan reaches 90 days past due, when it becomes likely the borrower cannot or will not make 
scheduled principal or interest payments, when full repayment of principal and interest is not expected, or when the loan displays 
potential  loss  characteristics.  Normally,  all  accrued  interest  is  charged  off  when  a  loan  is  placed  in  non-accrual  status,  unless 
Management believes it is likely the accrued interest will be collected. Any payments subsequently received are applied to principal. 
To remove a loan from non-accrual status, all principal and interest due must be paid up to date and the Bank is reasonably sure of 
future satisfactory payment performance. Usually, this requires a six-month recent history of payments due. Removal of a loan from 
non-accrual status will require the approval of the Chief Credit Officer and or MLC.

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The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual 
loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018

Commercial

Current

30-59 Days
Past Due

60-89 Days
Past Due

90+ Days
Past Due

Total Past
Due

Total
Loans

Non-
Accrual

90+ Days
Still
Accruing

     Commercial Business

$

432,097

$

6,380

$

1,746

$

3,308

$

11,434

$

443,531

$

3,684

$

     Commercial Real Estate

     Acquisition & Development

          Total Commercial

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

374,880

121,644

928,621

291,665

58,575

9,485

681

—

7,061

1,000

400

28

—

—

1,746

760

40

10

—

297

3,605

1,504

—

82

681

297

12,412

3,264

440

120

375,561

121,941

941,033

294,929

59,015

9,605

385

426

4,495

2,442

84

82

          Total Loans

$ 1,288,346

$

8,489

$

2,556

$

5,191

$

16,236

$ 1,304,582

$

7,103

$

December 31, 2017

Commercial

     Commercial Business

$

377,901

$

512

$

1,368

$

     Commercial Real Estate

     Acquisition & Development

          Total Commercial

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

300,282

99,573

777,756

243,177

61,907

12,634

45

—

557

1,879

240

11

1,149

874

3,391

707

240

—

582

380

1,243

2,205

451

13

138

$

2,462

$

380,363

$

1,027

$

1,574

2,117

6,153

3,037

493

149

301,856

101,690

783,909

246,214

62,400

12,783

5,206

2,117

8,350

1,157

13

179

          Total Loans

$ 1,095,474

$

2,687

$

4,338

$

2,807

$

9,832

$ 1,105,306

$

9,699

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

An allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. The ALL is based on management’s 
continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, 
diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience, and the amount of non-performing 
loans.

Interest income on loans would have increased by approximately $771 thousand, $423 thousand, and $396 thousand  for 2018, 2017
and 2016, respectively, if loans had performed in accordance with their terms.

The Bank’s methodology for determining the ALL is based on the requirements of ASC Section 310-10-35 for loans individually 
evaluated for impairment (discussed above) and ASC Subtopic 450-20 for loans collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as 
the Interagency Policy Statements on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other bank regulatory guidance. The total of the 
two components represents the Bank’s ALL. As of the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Bank adjusted its methodology to 
allow for the analysis of certain impaired loans in homogeneous pools, rather than on an individual basis, when those loans are below 
specific thresholds based on outstanding principal balance. More specifically, residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, 
and consumer loans, when considered impaired, are evaluated collectively for impairment by applying allocation rates derived from 
the Bank’s historical losses specific to impaired loans and the reserve totaled $204 thousand and $169 thousand as of December 31, 
2018 and 2017, respectively.

Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed with general allowances being made as appropriate. For general 
allowances, historical loss trends are used in the estimation of losses in the current portfolio. These historical loss amounts are 
modified by qualified factors.

The segments described above, which are based on the Federal call code assigned to each loan, provide the starting point for the 
ALL analysis. Company and Bank management track the historical net charge-off activity at the call code level. A historical charge-
off factor is calculated utilizing a defined number of consecutive historical quarters. All pools currently utilize a rolling 12 quarters.

“Pass” rated credits are segregated from “Criticized” credits for the application of qualitative factors. Loans in the criticized pools, 
which possess certain qualities or characteristics that may lead to collection and loss issues, are closely monitored by management 
and subject to additional qualitative factors.

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Company and Bank management have identified a number of additional qualitative factors which it uses to supplement the historical 
charge-off factor because these factors are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ 
from historical loss experience. The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from 
internal, regulatory, and governmental sources are: lending policies and procedures, nature and volume of the portfolio, experience 
and ability of lending management and staff, volume and severity of problem credits, conclusion of loan reviews, audits, and exams, 
changes in the value of underlying collateral, effect of concentrations of credit from a loan type, industry and/or geographic standpoint, 
changes in economic and business conditions, consumer sentiment, and other external factors. The combination of historical charge-
off and qualitative factors are then weighted for each risk grade. These weightings are determined internally based upon the likelihood 
of loss as a loan risk grading deteriorates.

To estimate the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures, Bank management analyzed the portfolios of letters of credit, non-
revolving lines of credit, and revolving lines of credit, and based its calculation on the expectation of future advances of each loan 
category. Letters of credit were determined to be highly unlikely to advance since they are generally in place only to ensure various 
forms of performance of the borrowers. In the Bank’s history, there have been no letters of credit drawn upon. In addition, many of 
the letters of credit are cash secured and do not warrant an allocation. Non-revolving lines of credit were determined to be highly 
likely to advance as these are typically construction lines. Meanwhile, the likelihood of revolving lines of credit advancing varies 
with each individual borrower. Therefore, the future usage of each line was estimated based on the average line utilization of the 
revolving line of credit portfolio as a whole.

Once the estimated future advances were calculated, an allocation rate, which was derived from the Bank’s historical losses and 
qualitative environmental factors, was applied in the similar manner as those used for the allowance for loan loss calculation. The 
resulting estimated loss allocations were totaled to determine the liability for unfunded commitments related to these loans, which 
Management considers necessary to anticipate potential losses on those commitments that have a reasonable probability of funding. 
The liability for unfunded commitments was $284 thousand as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

Bank management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make 
appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these 
amounts are promptly charged off against the ALL.

The following tables summarize the primary segments of the ALL, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated 
for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016. 
Activity in the allowance is presented for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial

Residential

Home
Equity

Consumer

Total

ALL balance at December 31, 2017

$

7,804

$

1,119

$

705

$

250

$

     Charge-offs

     Recoveries

     Provision

ALL balance at December 31, 2018

Individually evaluated for impairment

Collectively evaluated for impairment

(1,024)

15

1,810

8,605

1,043

7,562

$

$

$

$

$

$

(166)

22

430

1,405

$

— $

1,405

$

—

59

(80)

684

$

— $

684

$

9,878

(1,480)

101

2,440

(290)

5

280

245

$

10,939

— $

245

$

1,043

9,896

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial

Residential

Home
Equity

Consumer

Total

ALL balance at December 31, 2016

$

7,181

$

990

$

728

$

202

$

     Charge-offs

     Recoveries

     Provision

ALL balance at December 31, 2017

Individually evaluated for impairment

Collectively evaluated for impairment

(1,138)

39

1,722

7,804

1,172

6,632

$

$

$

(141)

40

230

1,119

$

— $

1,119

$

(109)

(109)

4

82

705

$

— $

705

$

18

139

250

16

234

$

$

$

$

$

$

80

9,101

(1,497)

101

2,173

9,878

1,188

8,690

Table of Contents

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial

Residential

Home
Equity

Consumer

Total

ALL balance at December 31, 2015

$

6,066

$

1,095

$

715

$

130

$

     Charge-offs

     Recoveries

     Provision

ALL balance at December 31, 2016

Individually evaluated for impairment

Collectively evaluated for impairment

(1,995)

(124)

(100)

(338)

8

3,102

7,181

376

6,805

$

$

$

$

$

$

2

17

990

122

868

$

$

$

9

104

728

36

692

$

$

$

1

409

202

9

193

$

$

$

8,006

(2,557)

20

3,632

9,101

543

8,558

The allowance for loan losses is based on estimates, and actual losses will vary from current estimates. Management believes that 
the granularity of the homogeneous pools and the related historical loss ratios and other qualitative factors, as well as the consistency 
in the application of assumptions, result in an ALL that is representative of the risk found in the components of the portfolio at any 
given date.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial 
difficulties and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions or below market interest 
rates,  principal  forgiveness,  restructuring  amortization  schedules  and  other  actions  intended  to  minimize  potential  losses. At 
December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Bank had specific reserve allocations for TDR’s of $1.0 million and $439 thousand, respectively.

Loans  considered  to  be  troubled  debt  restructured  loans  totaled  $8.0  million  and  $6.4  million  as  of  December 31,  2018  and 
December 31,  2017,  respectively.  Of  these  totals,  $4.2  million  and  $5.9  million,  respectively,  represent  accruing  troubled  debt 
restructured loans and represent 33% and 38%, respectively, of total impaired loans. Meanwhile, as of December 31, 2018, $3.6 
million represent three loans to two borrowers that have defaulted under the restructured terms. The largest of these loans, at $3.2 
million, is a commercial loan to a company dependent of the coal industry. The other two of these loans, totaling $426 thousand, are 
commercial acquisition and development loans that were considered TDR’s due to extended interest only periods and/or unsatisfactory 
repayment structures once transitioned to principal and interest payments. These borrowers have experienced continued financial 
difficulty and are considered non-performing loans as of December 31, 2018. These two development loans were also considered 
non-performing loans as of December 31, 2017.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, a restructured loan with an outstanding balance of $3.2 million defaulted under its modified 
terms. This loan is to a borrower highly dependent on the coal industry and has experienced continued financial difficulty since the 
loan was restructured, and as a result has not performed as agreed. 

There were no commitments to advance funds to any TDRs as of December 31, 2018.

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The following table presents details related to loans identified as Troubled Debt Restructurings during the years ended December 31, 
2018 and 2017.

New TDR’s 1

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

Number of
Contracts

Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

Number of
Contracts

2

1

1

4

—

1

1

$

272

$

11

1,798

2,081

—

39

10

210

11

1,798

2,019

—

39

8

1

—

—

1

—

—

—

$

147

$

—

—

147

—

—

—

147

—

—

147

—

—

—

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial

     Commercial Business

     Commercial Real Estate

     Acquisition & Development

          Total Commercial

Residential

Home Equity

Consumer

          Total
1 The pre-modification and post-modification balances represent the balances outstanding immediately before and after modification 
of the loan.

2,066

2,130

147

147

$

6

$

$

$

1

NOTE 4. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Premises and equipment at December 31, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Land

Buildings and improvements

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

Construction in progress

Leasehold improvements

Accumulated depreciation

Net premises and equipment

2018

2017

$

3,934

$

17,235

14,293

2,642

1,670

39,774

(13,229)

$

26,545

$

3,901

17,358

14,864

855

1,530

38,508

(11,822)

26,686

In December 2017, the Bank closed and sold the land, building and certain furniture and equipment items from a branch located at 
704 Foxcroft Avenue, Martinsburg, WV for a gain on sale of fixed assets of $343 thousand, which is included in other operating 
income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. 

Depreciation expense amounted to $2.8 million, $2.6 million and $2.0 million for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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NOTE 5. DEPOSITS

Deposits at December 31, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Demand deposits of individuals, partnerships, and corporations

     Noninterest bearing demand

     Interest bearing demand

     Savings and money markets

     Time deposits including CDs and IRAs

          Total deposits

Time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit

Maturities of time deposits at December 31, 2018 were as follows (Dollars in thousands):

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Total

2018

2017

213,597

$

376,398

317,697

401,462

125,963

436,303

284,795

312,519

1,309,154

$

1,159,580

15,280

$

18,832

266,714

84,919

13,451

24,256

12,122

401,462

$

$

$

$

$

NOTE 6. BORROWED FUNDS

The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The remaining maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB at 
December 31, 2018 was approximately $97.9 million. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Bank had borrowed $214.9 million and 
$152.2 million. As of December 31, 2018, our maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $465.3 million. 

Short-term borrowings

Along with traditional deposits, the Bank has access to short-term borrowings from FHLB to fund its operations and investments. 
Short-term borrowings from FHLB totaled $212.4 million at December 31, 2018, compared to $149.6 million at year-end 2017.

Information related to short-term borrowings is summarized as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at end of year

Average balance during the year

Maximum month-end balance

Weighted-average rate during the year

Weighted-average rate at December 31

Repurchase agreements

2018

2017

2016

$

212,395

$

149,596

$

171,117

264,297

2.27%

2.62%

100,969

220,097

1.16%

1.61%

87,733

137,822

210,600

0.51%

0.74%

Along with traditional deposits, the Bank has access to securities sold under agreements to repurchase “repurchase agreements” with 
customers represent funds deposited by customers, on an overnight basis, that are collateralized by investment securities owned by 
the Company. Repurchase agreements with customers are presented as an individual line item on the consolidated balance sheets. 
All repurchase agreements are subject to terms and conditions of repurchase/security agreements between the Company and the 
client and are accounted for as secured borrowings. The Company’s repurchase agreements reflected in liabilities consist of customer 
accounts and securities which are pledged on an individual security basis.

The Company monitors the fair value of the underlying securities on a monthly basis. Repurchase agreements are reflected at the 

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amount of cash received in connection with the transaction and included in securities sold under agreements to repurchase on the 
consolidated balance sheets. The primary risk with our repurchase agreements is market risk associated with the investments securing 
the transactions, as we may be required to provide additional collateral based on fair value changes of the underlying investments. 
Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with our safekeeping agents.

All of the Company’s repurchase agreements were overnight agreements at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. These 
borrowings were collateralized with investment securities with a carrying value of $31.4 million and $23.1 million at December 31, 
2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and were comprised of U.S. Government Agencies and Mortgage backed securities. 
Declines in the value of the collateral would require the Company to increase the amounts of securities pledged.

Repurchase agreements totaled $14.9 million at December 31, 2018, compared to $22.4 million in 2017.

Information related to repurchase agreements is summarized as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at end of year

Average balance during the year

Maximum month-end balance

Weighted-average rate during the year

Weighted-average rate at December 31

$

2018

2017

2016

$

14,925

18,536

20,903

0.30%

0.16%

$

22,403

25,160

25,972

0.30%

0.34%

25,160

27,066

29,561

0.27%

0.28%

Long-term notes from the FHLB as of December 31, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Fixed interest rate notes, originating between October 2006 and April 2007, due between October 2021
and April 2022, interest of between 5.18% and 5.20% payable monthly

Amortizing fixed interest rate note, originating February 2007, due February 2022, payable in monthly
installments of $5 thousand, including interest of 5.22%

2018

2017

$

$

1,741

$

751

2,492

$

1,798

775

2,573

Subordinated Debt

Information related to subordinated debt is summarized as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at end of year

Average balance during the year

Maximum month-end balance

Weighted-average rate during the year

Weighted-average rate at December 31

$

2018

2017

2016

$

17,524

25,774

33,524

6.81%

6.57%

$

33,524

33,524

33,524

6.69%

6.70%

33,524

33,524

33,524

6.64%

6.63%

In March 2007, the Company completed the private placement of $4 million Floating Rate, Trust Preferred Securities through its 
MVB Financial Statutory Trust I subsidiary (the “Trust”). The Company established the Trust for the sole purpose of issuing the 
Trust Preferred Securities pursuant to an Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust. The proceeds from the sale of the Trust Preferred 
Securities will be loaned to the Company under subordinated Debentures (the “Debentures”) issued to the Trust pursuant to an 
Indenture. The Debentures are the only asset of the Trust. The Trust Preferred Securities have been issued to a pooling vehicle that 
will  use  the  distributions  on  the Trust  Preferred  Securities  to  securitize  note  obligations. The  securities  issued  by  the Trust  are 
includable for regulatory purposes as a component of the Company’s Tier 1 capital.

The Trust Preferred Securities and the Debentures mature in 2037 and have been redeemable by the Company since 2012. Interest 
payments are due in March, June, September and December and are adjusted at the interest due dates at a rate of 1.62% over the 
three-month LIBOR Rate. The obligations of the Company with respect to the issuance of the trust preferred securities constitute a 
full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the Trust’s obligations with respect to the trust preferred securities to the extent 
set forth in the related guarantees.

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On June 30, 2014, the Company issued its Convertible Subordinated Promissory Notes Due 2024 (the “Notes”) to various investors 
in the aggregate principal amount of $29,400,000. The Notes were issued in $100,000 increments per Note subject to a minimum 
investment of $1,000,000. The Notes expire 10 years after the initial issuance date of the Notes (the “Maturity Date”).

Interest on the Notes accrues on the unpaid principal amount of each Note (paid quarterly in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1 
and October 1 of each year) which rate shall be dependent upon the principal invested in the Notes and the holder’s ownership of 
common  stock  in  the  Company.  For  investments  of  less  than  $3,000,000  in  Notes,  an  ownership  of  Company  common  stock 
representing at least 30% of the principal of the Notes acquired, the interest rate on the Notes is 7% per annum. For investments of 
$3,000,000 or greater in Notes and ownership of the Company’s common stock representing at least 30% of the principal of the 
Notes acquired, the interest rate on the Notes is 7.5% per annum. For investments of $10,000,000 or greater, the interest rate on the 
Notes is 7% per annum, regardless of whether the holder owns or acquires MVB common stock. The principal on the Notes shall 
be paid in full at the Maturity Date. On the fifth anniversary of the issuance of the Notes, a holder may elect to continue to receive 
the stated fixed rate on the Notes or a floating rate determined by LIBOR plus 5% up to a maximum rate of 9%, adjusted quarterly.

The Notes are unsecured and subject to the terms and conditions of any senior debt and after consultation with the Board of Governors 
of the Federal Reserve System, the Company may, after the Notes have been outstanding for five years, and without premium or 
penalty, prepay all or a portion of the unpaid principal amount of any Note together with the unpaid interest accrued on such portion 
of the principal amount of such Note. All such prepayments shall be made pro rata among the holders of all outstanding Notes.

At the election of a holder, any or all of the Notes may be converted into shares of common stock during the 30 day period after the 
first, second, third, fourth, and fifth anniversaries of the issuance of the Notes or upon a notice to prepay by the Company. On 
December 28, 2017, the Company distributed notices to the holders of the Notes that provide that the Company has elected to waive 
the timing requirements associated with when a conversion may occur and, instead, the Company will accept notices of conversion 
at any time prior to July 1, 2019, which is the final conversion date for the Notes. The Notes will convert into common stock based 
on $16 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion price will be subject to anti-dilution adjustments for certain events 
such as stock splits, reclassifications, non-cash distributions, extraordinary cash dividends, pro rata repurchases of common stock, 
and business combination transactions. The Company must give 20 days’ notice to the holders of the Company’s intent to prepay 
the Notes, so that holders may execute the conversion right set forth above if a holder so desires.

Repayment of the Notes is subordinated to the Company’s outstanding senior debt including (if any) without limitation, senior secured 
loans. No payment will be made by the Company, directly or indirectly, on the Notes, unless and until all of the senior debt then due 
has been paid in full. Notwithstanding the foregoing, so long as there exists no event of default under any senior debt, the Company 
would make, and a holder would receive and retain for the holder’s account, regularly scheduled payments of accrued interest and 
principal pursuant to the terms of the Notes.

The Company must obtain a consent of the holders of the Notes prior to issuing any new senior debt in excess of $15,000,000 after 
the date of issuance of the Notes and prior to the Maturity Date.

An event of default will occur upon the Company’s bankruptcy or any failure to pay interest, principal, or other amounts owing on 
the Notes when due. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default (but subject to the subordination provisions 
of the Notes) the holders of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the Notes may declare all or any portion of the outstanding 
principal amount of the Notes due and payable and demand immediate payment of such amount.

The Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be 
redeemed on any interest payment date after a date five years from the original issue date.

The Company reflects subordinated debt in the amount of $17.5 million and $33.5 million as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 
2017 and interest expense of $1.8 million, $2.2 million, and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, 
respectively.  In  2018,  $16.0  million  of  subordinated  debt  was  converted  into  common  stock,  which  resulted  in  the  issuance  of 
1,000,000 new shares and will provide an annual interest expense savings of $1.1 million.

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A summary of maturities of borrowings and subordinated debt over the next five years is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Year

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

Amount

212,480

90

886

1,431

—

17,524

232,411

$

NOTE 7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Commitments

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing 
needs  of  its  customers.  These  financial  instruments  include  commitments  to  extend  credit  and  standby  letters  of  credit.  These 
instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the statements 
of financial condition.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments 
to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the 
same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in 
the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. 
Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily 
represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount 
and type of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, varies and is based on management’s 
credit evaluation of the customer.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third 
party. Standby letters of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. 
The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The 
Company’s policy for  obtaining collateral, and the  nature of  such collateral, is  essentially the same as that involved in  making 
commitments to extend credit.

Specifically,  the  Bank  has  entered  into  agreements  to  extend  credit  or  provide  conditional  payments  pursuant  to  standby  and 
commercial letters of credit. In addition, the Bank utilizes letters of credit issued by the FHLB to collateralize certain public funds 
deposits. 

Total contractual amounts of the commitments as of December 31, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Available on lines of credit

Stand-by letters of credit

Other loan commitments

Concentration of Credit Risk

2018

2017

329,229

$

327,647

22,156

28,852

12,297

1,396

380,237

$

341,340

$

$

The Company grants a majority of its commercial, financial, agricultural, real estate and installment loans to customers throughout 
the Marion, Harrison, Monongalia, Kanawha, Jefferson and Berkeley County areas of West Virginia as well as the Northern Virginia 
area and adjacent counties. Collateral for loans is primarily residential and commercial real estate, personal property, and business 

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equipment. The Company evaluates the credit worthiness of each of its customers on a case-by-case basis, and the amount of collateral 
it obtains is based upon management’s credit evaluation.

Regulatory

The Company is required to maintain certain reserve balances on hand in accordance with the Federal Reserve Board requirements. 
The average balance maintained in accordance with such requirements was $0 on December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

Contingent Liability

The subsidiary bank is involved in various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management 
and counsel, the outcome of these matters will not have a significant adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 8. INCOME TAXES

The amount reflected as income taxes represents federal and state income taxes on financial statement income. Certain items of 
income and expense, primarily the provision for possible loan losses, allowance for losses on foreclosed assets held for resale, 
depreciation, and accretion of discounts on investment securities are reported in different accounting periods for income tax purposes.

The provisions for income taxes for the years ended December 31, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

2018

2017

2016

Current:

     Federal

     State

Deferred expense

     Federal

     State

Income tax expense

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

2,203

1,031

3,234

117

22

139

$

$

$

2,635

771

3,406

1,268

81

1,349

3,373

$

4,755

$

4,885

1,197

6,082

665

42

707

6,789

Income tax expense for 2017 was impacted by the adjustment of the Company’s deferred tax asset related to the reduction in U.S. 
federal statutory income tax rate to 21% under the Tax Reform Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The Company 
was required to revalue its net deferred tax asset to this lower rate, resulting in an income tax charge of $646 thousand.  

Following is a reconciliation of income taxes at federal statutory rates to recorded income taxes for the year ended December 31:

(Dollars in thousands)

Tax at Federal tax rate

Tax effect of:

     State income tax

     Tax exempt earnings

     Impact of deferred tax rate change

$

$

$

2018

2017

2016

Amount

%  

Amount

%  

Amount

%  

3,229

21 % $

4,369

34 % $

6,689

34 %

738

(594)

—

3,373

4.8 %

(3.9)%

— % $

21.9 % $

771

(1,031)

646

4,755

6.0 %

(6.4)%

5.0 % $

38.6 % $

1,197

(1,097)

—

6,789

6.0 %

(5.5)%

— %

34.5 %

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the result of timing differences in recognition of revenue and expense for income tax and 
financial statement purposes. As a result of the Tax Reform Act signed into law on December 22, 2017, deferred taxes as of December 
31, 2017 are based on the newly enacted U.S. statutory federal income tax rate of 21%. Deferred taxes as of December 31, 2016 are 
based on the previously enacted U.S. statutory federal income tax rate of 34%.

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Deferred income tax assets and (liabilities) were comprised of the following at December 31:

(Dollars in thousands)

Allowance for loan losses

Minimum pension liability

Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale

Other

     Gross deferred tax assets

Depreciation

Pension

Goodwill

     Gross deferred tax liabilities

     Net deferred tax asset

2018

2017

$

3,084

$

1,266

1,252

1

5,603

(1,143)

(138)

(1,827)

(3,108)

2,798

1,342

2

—

4,142

(1,137)

(21)

(1,523)

(2,681)

$

2,495

$

1,461

No deferred income tax valuation allowance is provided since it is more likely than not that realization of the deferred income tax 
asset will occur in future years.

Among other things, the new tax law (i) establishes a new, flat corporate federal statutory income tax rate of 21%, (ii) eliminates the 
corporate alternative minimum tax and allows the use of any such carryforwards to offset regular tax liability for any taxable year, 
(iii) limits the deduction for net interest expense incurred by U.S. corporations, (iv) allows businesses to immediately expense, for 
tax purposes, the cost of new investments in certain qualified depreciable assets, (v) eliminates or reduces certain deductions related 
to meals and entertainment expenses, (vi) modifies the limitation on excessive employee remuneration to eliminate the exception 
for performance-based compensation and clarifies the definition of a covered employee and (vii) limits the deductibility of deposit 
insurance premiums.

As stated above, as a result of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act on December 22, 2017, the Company remeasured its net deferred 
tax asset based upon the newly enacted U.S. statutory federal income tax rate of 21%, which is the tax rate at which this asset is 
expected to reverse in the future. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company is still analyzing certain aspects of the new law and 
refining its calculations, which could affect the measurement of these assets and liabilities or give rise to new deferred tax amounts. 
Nonetheless, the Company recognized an income tax charge of $646 thousand in 2017. The remeasurement of the deferred tax asset 
related to items that are charged or credited directly to AOCI was a component of 2017 income tax expense and recognized in 
continuing operations as required by ASC Topic 740. 

The Company prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement 
of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial 
statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing 
authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition 
threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. 
Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent 
financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-
than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is 
no longer met. There is currently no liability for uncertain tax positions and no known unrecognized tax benefits. With limited 
exception, the Company’s federal and state income tax returns for taxable years through 2015 have been closed for purposes of 
examination by the federal and state taxing jurisdictions.

MVB has invested, as a limited partner, in two Section 42 affordable housing investment funds. In exchange for these investments, 
MVB receives its pro rata share of income, expense, gains, and losses, including tax credits, that are received by the projects. As of 
December 31, 2018, MVB has recognized, as an investment, $3.6 million in the aggregate between the two affordable housing 
investment funds. In addition, MVB has recognized no gains or losses from the two affordable housing investment funds.

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NOTE 9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has granted loans to officers and directors of the Company and to their associates as well as loans to related companies. 
These related party loans are made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the 
time for comparable transactions with unrelated parties and do not involve more than normal risk of collectability. Set forth below 
is a summary of the related loan activity.

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Balance at
Beginning of
Year

Borrowings

Repayments

Balance at
End of Year

18,658

$

50,196

— $

(44,293) $

24,561

 Executive
Officer and
Director
Retirements
$

28,536

$

129,947

$

(525) $

(139,300) $

18,658

$

$

The  Company  held  related  party  deposits  of  $24.7  million  and  $17.1  million  at  December 31,  2018  and  December 31,  2017, 
respectively. 

The Company held no related party repurchase agreements at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

NOTE 10. PENSION PLAN

The Company participates in a trusteed pension plan known as the Allegheny Group Retirement Plan covering virtually all full-time 
employees. Benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation. Accruals under the Plan were frozen as of 
May 31, 2014. Freezing the plan resulted in a re-measurement of the pension obligations and plan assets as of the freeze date. The 
pension obligation was re-measured using the discount rate based on the Citigroup Above Median Pension Discount Curve in effect 
on May 31, 2014 of 4.46%.

On June 19, 2017, the Company and MVB Mortgage approved a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”), pursuant to 
which the Chief Executive Office of MVB Mortgage is entitled to receive certain supplemental nonqualified retirement benefits. 
The SERP took effect on December 31, 2017. If the executive completes three years of continuous employment with MVB Mortgage 
prior to retirement date (which shall be no earlier than the date he attains age 55) he will, upon retirement, be entitled to receive $1.8 
million payable in 180 equal consecutive installments of $10 thousand. The liability is calculated by discounting the anticipated 
future cash flows at 4.0%. The liability accrued for this obligation was $377 thousand and $1 thousand as of December 31, 2018 and 
2017, respectively. Service cost was $376 thousand and $1 thousand in 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Pension expense was $286 thousand, $256 thousand and $273 thousand in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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Information pertaining to the activity in the Company’s defined benefit plan, using the latest available actuarial valuations with a 
measurement date of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Change in benefit obligation

     Benefit obligation at beginning of year

     Service cost

     Interest cost

     Actuarial loss

     Assumption changes

     Curtailment impact

     Benefits paid

     Benefit obligation at end of year

Change in plan assets:

     Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

     Actual return on plan assets

     Employer contribution

     Benefits paid

     Fair value of plan assets at end of year

Funded status

Unrecognized net actuarial loss

Unrecognized prior service cost

Prepaid pension cost recognized

Accumulated benefit obligation

2018

2017

$

10,058

$

9,021

—

352

348

(1,127)

—

(215)

9,416

$

5,166

$

(429)

716

(215)

5,238

$

(4,179) $

4,687

—

508

$

—

360

95

775

—

(193)

10,058

4,573

467

319

(193)

5,166

(4,892)

4,972

—

80

9,416

$

10,058

$

$

$

$

$

$

At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation are as follows:

Discount rate

Rate of compensation increase

The components of net periodic pension cost are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Service cost

Interest cost

Expected return on plan assets

Amortization of prior service costs

Amortization of net actuarial loss

Net periodic pension cost

2018

2017

2016

4.23%

N/A

3.55%

N/A

4.05%

N/A

2018

2017

2016

— $

— $

352

(372)

—

306

286

$

360

(345)

—

241

256

$

—

367

(330)

—

236

273

$

$

For the years December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost 
are as follows:

Discount rate

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

Rate of compensation increase

90

2018

2017

2016

3.55%

6.75%

N/A

4.05%

6.75%

N/A

4.30%

6.75%

N/A

Table of Contents

The Company’s pension plan asset allocations at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

Plan Assets

     Cash

     Fixed income

     Alternative investments

     Domestic equities

     Foreign equities

     Total

12/31/2018

12/31/2017

5%

24%

17%

31%

23%

100%

9%

23%

13%

32%

23%

100%

The estimated net loss for the plan that is expected to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic 
benefit cost over the next fiscal year is $271 thousand.

The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, as defined in Note 18, “Fair Value Measurements” of the 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K, the Plan’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2018.

(Dollars in thousands)

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

Assets:

     Cash

     Fixed income

     Alternative investments

     Domestic equities

     Foreign equities

Total assets at fair value

$

$

262

$

— $

— $

1,257

—

1,624

1,205

—

—

—

—

—

890

—

—

262

1,257

890

1,624

1,205

4,348

$

— $

890

$

5,238

The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, as defined in Note 18, “Fair Value Measurements” of the 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K, the Plan’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands)

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

Assets:

     Cash

     Fixed income

     Alternative investments

     Domestic equities

     Foreign equities

Total assets at fair value

$

$

465

$

— $

— $

1,188

—

1,653

1,188

—

—

—

—

—

672

—

—

465

1,188

672

1,653

1,188

4,494

$

— $

672

$

5,166

Investment in government securities and short-term investments are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on 
which the individual securities are traded. Alternative investments and investment in debt securities are valued at quoted prices which 
are available but traded less frequently, and items that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can 
be directly observed. The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable 
value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Plan believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent 
with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial 
instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

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Below we show the best estimate of the plan contribution for next fiscal year. We also show the benefits expected to be paid in each 
of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter.

(Dollars in thousands)

Contributions for the period of 01/01/18 through 12/31/18

Estimated future benefit payments reflecting expected future service

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024 through 2028

Cash Flow

360

282

307

322

330

384

2,377

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

NOTE 11. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The table below summarizes the changes in carrying amounts of goodwill and other intangibles (core deposit intangibles) for the 
periods presented:

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at January 1, 2018

Amortization expense

Balance at December 31, 2018

Balance at January 1, 2017

Amortization expense

Balance at December 31, 2017

Balance at January 1, 2016

Amortization expense

Balance at December 31, 2016

Core Deposit Intangible

Goodwill

Gross

Accumulated
Depreciation

Net

$

$

$

$

$

$

18,480

—

18,480

18,480

—

18,480

18,480

—

18,480

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,006

—

1,006

1,006

—

1,006

1,006

—

1,006

$

$

$

$

$

$

(360) $

(96)

(456) $

(262) $

(98)

(360) $

(161) $

(101)

(262) $

646

(96)

550

744

(98)

646

845

(101)

744

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired net assets under the acquisition method of 
accounting. The value of the acquired core deposit relationships was determined using the present value of the difference between 
a market participant’s cost of obtaining alternative funds and the cost to maintain the acquired deposit base. The core deposit intangibles 
are being amortized over a ten-year period using an accelerated method. 

The table below presents estimated amortization expense for the Company’s other intangible assets (dollars in thousands):

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

$

$

93

90

87

83

78

119

550

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The Company’s assessment of qualitative factors determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting 
unit is less than its carrying amount and therefore, goodwill is not impaired as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company has 
not identified any triggering events since the impairment evaluation that would indicate potential impairment.

Core deposit intangibles are evaluated for impairment if events and circumstances indicate a potential for impairment. Such an 
evaluation of other intangible assets is based on undiscounted cash flow projections. No impairment charges were recorded for other 
intangible assets in any of the periods presented.

NOTE 12. STOCK OFFERINGS

On March 13, 2017, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with its Chief Executive 
Officer, Larry F. Mazza (“Mazza”). Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, Mazza committed to subscribe for and purchase, at the 
Subscription Price, upon expiration of the Rights Offering, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock, if any, equal to 
the amount by which 100,000 exceeds the number of shares purchased by Mazza in the Rights Offering. Pursuant to the Investment 
Agreement, Mazza agreed not to sell or otherwise transfer any shares acquired in connection with the Investment Agreement for a 
period of six months following the closing of the Rights Offering.

Larry F. Mazza purchased 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock: 90,999 under the rights offering and 9,001 shares under 
the Investment Agreement.

On March 13, 2017, the Company filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus (collectively, the 
“Prospectus”) relating to the commencement of the Company’s rights offering (the “Rights Offering”), pursuant to which the Company 
distributed, at no charge, non-transferable subscription rights to the holders of its common stock as of 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, 
on March 10, 2017. The subscription rights were exercisable for up to a total of 434,783 shares of the Company’s common stock, 
subject to such terms and conditions as further described in the Prospectus.

On April 20, 2017, the Company announced the completion of the rights offering, which expired at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on April 14, 
2017. All 434,783 shares offered in the rights offering were subscribed for, resulting in new capital of approximately $5.0 million. 
Computershare,  who  served  as  subscription  agent,  completed  its  review  and  tabulation  of  subscriptions  on April 19,  2017. 
Computershare issued the shares acquired in the rights offering by book entry in the Company’s stock ownership records, which are 
maintained by Computershare, as transfer agent, on or about April 20, 2017.

On December 5, 2016, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with certain accredited investors. Pursuant to the 
Purchase Agreements, the Investors agreed to purchase an aggregate of 1,913,044 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value 
$1.00 per share, at a price of $11.50 per share, as part of a private placement (the “Private Placement”). The Private Placement closed 
on December 6, 2016. The gross proceeds to the Company from the Private Placement were approximately $22 million or $20.5 
million after stock issuance costs. The proceeds from the Private Placement were used by the Company to pay related transaction 
fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes. A portion of the proceeds were used for the redemption of the preferred stock 
issued to the United States Department of Treasury in connection with the Company’s participation in the Small Business Lending 
Fund.

The Purchase Agreements contain representations and warranties and covenants of the Company and the Investors that are customary 
in private placement transactions. The provisions of the Purchase Agreements also include an agreement by the Company to indemnify 
the Investors against certain liabilities.

The Purchase Agreements required the Company to file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the 
“SEC”) to register for resale the 1,913,044 shares of common stock issued to the Investors in the Private Placement. The registration 
statement was declared effective by the SEC on December 27, 2016. 

On June 30, 2014, the Company filed Certificates of Designations for its Convertible Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, 
Series B (“Class B Preferred”) and its Convertible Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (“Class C Preferred”). The 
Class B Preferred Certificate designated 400 shares of preferred stock as Class B Preferred shares. The Class B Preferred shares 
carry an annual dividend rate of 6% and are convertible into shares of Company common stock within thirty days after the first, 
second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the original issue date, based on a common stock price of $16 per share, as adjusted 
for future corporate activities. On December 28, 2017, the Company distributed a notice to each of the holders of the Class B Preferred 
Stock regarding the Company’s agreement to waive the timing requirements associated with when a conversion may occur and, 
instead, the Company will accept notices of conversion at any time prior to July 30, 2019, which is the final conversion date for the 
Preferred Stock. The Class B Preferred shares are redeemable by the Company on or after the fifth anniversary of the original issue 

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date for Liquidation Amount, as defined therein, plus declared and unpaid dividends. Redemption is subject to any necessary regulatory 
approvals. In the event of liquidation of the Company, shares of Class B Preferred stock shall be junior to creditors of the Company 
and to the shares of Senior Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A. Holders of Class B Preferred shares shall have no 
voting  rights,  except  for  authorization  of  senior  shares  of  stock,  amendment  to  the  Class  B  Preferred  shares,  share  exchanges, 
reclassifications or changes of control, or as required by law.

The Class C Preferred Certificate designated 383.4 shares of preferred stock as Class C Preferred shares. The Class C Preferred 
shares carry an annual dividend rate of 6.5% and are convertible into shares of Company common stock within 30 days after the 
first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the original issue date, based on a common stock price of $16 per share, as 
adjusted for future corporate activities. On December 28, 2017, the Company distributed a notice to each of the holders of the Class 
C Preferred Stock regarding the Company’s agreement to waive the timing requirements associated with when a conversion may 
occur and, instead, the Company will accept notices of conversion at any time prior to July 30, 2019, which is the final conversion 
date for the Preferred Stock. The Class C Preferred shares are redeemable by the Company on or after the fifth anniversary of the 
original issue date for Liquidation Amount, as defined therein, plus declared and unpaid dividends. Redemption is subject to any 
necessary regulatory approvals. In the event of liquidation of the Company, shares of Class C Preferred stock shall be junior to 
creditors of the Company and to the shares of Senior Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A and the Class B Preferred 
shares. Holders of Class C Preferred shares shall have no voting rights, except for authorization of senior shares of stock, amendment 
to the Class C Preferred shares, share exchanges, reclassifications or changes of control, or as required by law. The proceeds of these 
preferred stock offerings will be used to support continued growth of the Company and its subsidiary.

On September 8,  2011 MVB  received $8.5  million in  Small  Business  Lending  Fund  (SBLF)  capital.  MVB  issued 8,500 shares 
of $1,000 per share preferred stock with dividends payable in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 each year. MVB’s 
loan production qualified for the lowest dividend rate possible of 1%. MVB may continue to utilize the SBLF capital through March 8, 
2016 at the 1% dividend rate. After that time, if the SBLF is not retired, the dividend rate increases to 9%. On January 5, 2017, the 
Company  redeemed  all  of  the 8,500 shares  of  its  Senior  Non-Cumulative  Perpetual  Preferred  Stock,  Series  A,  liquidation 
amount $1,000 per share (“Series A Preferred Stock”). The aggregate redemption price of the Series A Preferred Stock was $8,508,500, 
including dividends accrued, but unpaid through, but not including the redemption date. The Series A Preferred Stock was redeemed 
from  the  Company’s  surplus  capital  and  approved  by  the  Company’s  primary  federal  regulator. The  redemption  terminated  the 
Company’s participation in the SBLF program. After the redemption, the Company’s capital ratios remained well in excess of those 
required for well capitalized status.

NOTE 13. STOCK OPTIONS AND OTHER EQUITY AWARDS

The MVB Financial Corp. Incentive Stock Plan (the “Plan”) provides for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock awards 
(“RSA’s”), and RSU’s to selected employees and directors. During 2017, the Company’s shareholders amended the Plan to increase 
the total number of shares of stock available for grant of awards by 1.0 million. As of December 31, 2018, the Plan had 3.2 million
shares authorized and 865,306 shares remaining available for issuance. To date, the Company has awarded both stock options and 
RSU’s to selected employees and directors. 

Total compensation expense recorded on stock options and RSU’s during 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $1.3 million, $813 thousand and 
$568 thousand, respectively. Proceeds from stock options exercised were $2.1 million, $(10) thousand and $32 thousand during 
2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. During 2018, 2017 and 2016, certain options were exercised in cashless transactions. Shares were 
forfeited related to exercise price and tax withholdings and the Company paid tax authorities amounts due resulting in a net cash 
outflow.

Stock Options

Under the provisions of the Plan, the option price per share shall not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the 
date of the grant. Stock options expire 10 years from the date of the grant. With the exception of 22,000 shares granted in 2010 that 
vest in 3 years and expire 10 years from the date of grant, and 125,000 shares granted in 2017 that vest in 4 years and expire in 10 
years, all options granted vest in 5 years and expire 10 years from the date of the grant. 

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The following summarizes MVB’s stock options as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, and the changes for the year then 
ended:

2018

2017

Number of
Shares

Weighted
Average
Exercise Price

Number of
Shares

Weighted
Average
Exercise Price

Outstanding at beginning of year

Granted

Exercised

Forfeited/expired

1,681,645

$

256,344

(161,298)

(13,200)

13.46

19.50

13.54

14.97

1,499,795

$

321,750

(49,400)

(90,500)

Outstanding at end of year

1,763,491

$

14.36

1,681,645

Exercisable at end of year

994,598

$

13.21

910,647

$

$

13.11

15.12

12.24

8.41

13.46

13.00

Weighted-average fair value of options granted during 2018

Weighted-average fair value of options granted during 2017

Weighted-average fair value of options granted during 2016

  $

  $

$

5.97

4.05

2.98

The intrinsic value of options exercised during 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $871 thousand, $8 thousand and $108 thousand, respectively.

The fair value for the options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with average risk-free 
interest rates of 2.81%, 2.29% and 1.31% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and a weighted average expected life of the options 
of 7 years for all three years. The expected volatility of MVB’s stock price used for 2018 options was 18.64%, while for the 2017
options it was 22.76% and 2016 options it was 19.07%. The expected dividend yield used was 0.54% for 2018,  0.60% for 2017 and 
0.43% for 2016.

The following summarizes information related to the total outstanding and exercisable stock options at December 31, 2018:

Options Outstanding

Options Exercisable

Total Options

Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price

Intrinsic Value

Weighted-
Average
Remaining Life

Total Options

Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price

Intrinsic Value

Weighted-
Average
Remaining Life

1,763,491

$14.36

6,496,537

6.21

994,598

$13.21

4,804,917

4.76

Restricted Stock Units

Under  the  provisions  of  the  Plan,  RSU’s  are  similar  to  restricted  stock  awards,  except  the  recipient  does  not  receive  the  stock 
immediately,  but  instead  receives  it  according  to  a  vesting  plan  and  distribution  schedule  after  achieving  required  performance 
milestones or upon remaining with the  Company for a particular length of time. Each RSU that vests entitles the recipient to receive 
one share of the Company’s common stock on a specified issuance date. The recipient does not have any stockholder rights, including 
voting, dividend, or liquidation rights, with respect to the shares underlying awarded RSUs until the recipient becomes the record 
holder of those shares.

The Company granted 62,735 RSU’s during 2018, 53,585 time-based and 9,150 performance-based. Performance-based RSU’s vest 
in one installment at the end of three years based on set criteria and time-based RSU’s vest solely based on time and continued 
employment in one installment at the end of five years.

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A summary of the activity for the Company’s RSUs for the period indicated is presented in the following table:

Balance at beginning of year

Granted

Vested

Forfeited

Balance at end of year

2018

Shares

Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

— $

62,735

(1,368)

(1,022)

60,345

$

—

19.29

18.27

19.55

19.31

At December 31, 2018, based on RSU awards outstanding at that time, the total unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense related 
to unvested RSU awards was $860 thousand. Based upon the contractual terms, this expense is expected to be recognized as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

$

$

240

240

182

182

16

860

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized as salary and employee benefit cost in the consolidated statements of income based 
on their fair values on the measurement date, which, for the Company, is the date of the grant. Total stock-based compensation 
expense recorded on stock options and RSU’s during 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $1.3 million, $813 thousand and $568 thousand, 
respectively. 

The amount that the Company recognized in stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of stock options and RSU’s 
is presented in the following table:

(Dollars in thousands)

Stock Options

RSU’s

Total Stock-based compensation expense

2018

2017

2016

$

$

935

331

1,266

$

$

813

—

813

$

$

568

—

568

NOTE 14. REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. 
Failure  to  meet  minimum  capital  requirements  can  initiate  certain  mandatory,  and  possibly  additional  discretionary,  actions  by 
regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital 
adequacy guidelines the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, 
liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts 
and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Capital adequacy guidelines have recently changed as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act and a separate, international capital initiative 
known as “Basel III.” Regulators have issued rules implementing these requirements (“Revised Capital Rules”). Among other things, 
the Revised Capital Rules raise the minimum thresholds for required capital and revise certain aspects of the definitions and elements 
of the capital that can be used to satisfy these required minimum thresholds. While the rules became effective on January 1, 2014
for certain large banking organizations, most banking organizations, including MVB Financial Corp and the Bank, were required to 
begin complying with these new requirements on January 1, 2015. These requirements were fully phased in during 2018.

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Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and 
ratios of Total capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 1 common equity to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets, as 
defined. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.

The most recent notification from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the 
regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total 
risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, Tier 1 common equity risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. Both the 
Company’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the table below.

Actual

Minimum to be Well
Capitalized

Minimum for Capital 
Adequacy Purposes with 
Capital Buffer 1

Minimum for Capital
Adequacy Purposes

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

(Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2018

     Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)

          Consolidated

          Subsidiary Bank

$ 193,495

$ 186,127

13.8%

13.3%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

$

140,065

10.0%

$ 138,314

9.88%

     Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)

          Consolidated

          Subsidiary Bank

$ 168,672

$ 174,704

12.0%

12.5%

N/A

$

112,052

N/A

8.0%

N/A

N/A

$ 110,301

7.88%

     Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)

          Consolidated

          Subsidiary Bank

$ 156,714

$ 174,704

11.2%

12.5%

N/A

$

91,042

N/A

6.5%

N/A

N/A

$

89,292

6.38%

     Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)

          Consolidated

          Subsidiary Bank

$ 168,672

9.9%

N/A

$ 174,704

10.2%

$

85,315

N/A

5.0%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

As of December 31, 2017

     Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)

          Consolidated

          Subsidiary Bank

$ 178,147

$ 169,536

14.9%

14.2%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

$

119,231

10.0%

$ 110,289

9.25%

     Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)

          Consolidated

          Subsidiary Bank

$ 138,308

$ 159,097

11.5%

13.3%

N/A

$

95,385

N/A

8.0%

N/A

N/A

$

86,443

7.25%

     Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)

          Consolidated

          Subsidiary Bank

$ 126,350

$ 159,097

10.6%

13.3%

N/A

$

77,500

N/A

6.5%

N/A

N/A

$

68,558

5.75%

     Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)

          Consolidated

          Subsidiary Bank

$ 138,308

9.3%

N/A

$ 159,097

10.7%

$

73,119

N/A

5.0%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

112,299

112,052

8.0%

8.0%

84,224

84,039

6.0%

6.0%

63,168

63,029

4.5%

4.5%

68,375

68,252

4.0%

4.0%

95,848

95,385

8.0%

8.0%

71,886

71,539

6.0%

6.0%

53,915

53,654

4.5%

4.5%

58,667

58,495

4.0%

4.0%

1 The capital conservation buffer requirement will be phased in over three years beginning in 2016. The capital buffer requirement 
effectively raises the minimum required common equity Tier 1 capital ratio to 7.0%, the Tier 1 capital ratio to 8.5% and the total 
capital to 10.5% on a fully phased-in basis. 

97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTE 15. REGULATORY RESTRICTION ON DIVIDEND

The approval of the regulatory agencies is required if the total of all dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds 
the Bank’s net profits, as defined, for that year combined with its retained net profits for the preceding two calendar years.

NOTE 16. LEASES

The Company leases land and building space for the operation of some banking offices. All such leases qualify as operating leases. 
Following is a schedule by year of future minimum lease payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining 
non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollars in thousands)

Years ended December 31:

     2019

     2020

     2021

     2022

     2023

     Thereafter

Total minimum payments required:

$

$

1,785

1,651

1,665

1,649

1,406

12,817

20,973

Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $2.0 million, $2.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

NOTE 17. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following summarizes the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures 
for financial instruments.

Level I:

Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

Level II:

Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the 
reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities include items for which quoted prices are available but traded 
less frequently, and items that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly 
observed.

Level III: Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-
way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination 
of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

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The carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are summarized as follows:

Fair Value Measurements at:

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018
Financial assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Certificates of deposits with other banks
Securities available-for-sale
Equity securities
Loans held for sale
Loans, net 1
Mortgage servicing rights
Interest rate lock commitment
Interest rate swap
Interest rate cap
Fair value hedge
Accrued interest receivable

Financial liabilities:

Deposits
Repurchase agreements
FHLB and other borrowings
Mortgage-backed security hedges
Interest rate swap
Fair value hedge
Accrued interest payable
Subordinated debt

December 31, 2017
Financial assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Certificates of deposits with other banks
Securities available-for-sale
Loans held for sale
Loans, net 1
Mortgage servicing rights
Interest rate lock commitment
Interest rate swap
Interest rate cap
Accrued interest receivable

Financial liabilities:

Deposits
Repurchase agreements
FHLB and other borrowings
Mortgage-backed security hedges
Interest rate swap
Accrued interest payable
Subordinated debt

Carrying Value

Estimated Fair
Value

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level I)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level II)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level
III)

$

$

$

$

$

22,221
14,778
221,614
9,599
75,807
1,293,427
173
1,750
1,375
8
343
7,710

1,309,154
14,925
214,887
853
1,375
343
1,064
17,524

20,305
14,778
231,507
66,794
1,096,063
182
1,426
268
33
5,296

1,159,580
22,403
152,169
78
268
643
33,524

$

$

$

$

$

22,221
14,300
221,614
9,599
75,807
1,276,065
173
1,750
1,375
8
343
7,710

1,249,164
14,925
214,969
853
1,375
343
1,064
18,250

20,305
14,695
231,507
66,794
1,093,824
182
1,426
268
33
5,296

1,126,615
22,403
152,190
78
268
643
35,117

$

$

$

$

$

22,221
—
—
6,027
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

— $

14,300
188,492
3,272
75,807
—
—
—
1,375
8
343
1,368

— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

1,249,164
14,925
214,969
853
1,375
343
1,064
18,250

20,305
—
1,607
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

— $

14,695
206,091
66,794
—
—
—
268
33
1,241

— $
—
—
—
—
—
— $

1,126,615
22,403
152,190
78
268
643
35,117

$

$

—
—
33,122
300
—
1,276,065
173
1,750
—
—
—
6,342

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

—
—
23,809
—
1,093,824
182
1,426
—
—
4,055

—
—
—
—
—
—
—

1 In accordance with the adoption of ASU No. 2016–01, the fair value of loans as of December 31, 2018 was measured using an exit 
price notion. The fair value of loans as of December 31, 2017 was measured using an entry price notion.

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Transfers  of  assets  and  liabilities  between  levels  within  the  fair  value  hierarchy  are  recognized  when  an  event  or  change  in 
circumstances occurs. During the year ended December 31, 2018, there was a transfer from Level III to Level II in equity securities 
due to the receipt of a valuation that occurred during 2018. 

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. These 
estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings 
of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair 
value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics 
of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of 
significant judgment and therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the 
estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on-and-off balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate 
the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.

NOTE 18. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Accounting standards require that the Company adopt fair value measurement for financial assets and financial liabilities. This 
enhanced guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities applies whenever other standards require or permit assets or 
liabilities to be measured at fair value. This guidance does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances.

Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis

As required by accounting standards, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input 
that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company classified investments in government securities as Level II instruments 
and valued them using the market approach. The following measurements are made on a recurring basis.

•  Available-for-sale investment and equity securities — Available-for-sale investment securities are recorded at fair value 
on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, 
fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present 
value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit 
loss assumptions. Level I securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, 
U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. 
Level II securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities and private label entities, 
municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. There have been no changes in valuation techniques for the year ended 
December 31, 2018. Valuation techniques are consistent with techniques used in prior periods. Certain local municipal 
securities related to tax increment financing (“TIF”) are independently valued and classified as Level III instruments. Also, 
certain equity securities are independently valued and classified as Level III instruments.

•  Loans held for sale — The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is determined, when possible, using quoted secondary-
market prices or investor commitments. If no such quoted price exists, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted 
prices for a similar asset or assets, adjusted for the specific attributes of that loan, which would be used by other market 
participants.

• 

Interest rate lock commitment — The Company estimates the fair value of interest rate lock commitments based on the 
value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted mortgage-backed security prices and estimates of the fair value of the mortgage 
servicing rights and the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the interest rate lock commitments. 

•  Mortgage-backed  security  hedges  —  MBS  hedges  are  considered  derivatives  and  are  recorded  at  fair  value  based  on 

observable market data of the individual mortgage-backed security.

• 

• 

Interest rate cap — The fair value of the interest rate cap is determined at the end of each quarter by using Bloomberg 
Finance which values the interest rate cap using observable inputs from forward and futures yield curves as well as standard 
market volatility.

Interest rate swap — Interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value based on third party vendors who compile prices from 
various sources and may determine fair value of identical or similar instruments by using pricing models that consider 
observable market data.

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The following tables present the assets reported on the consolidated statements of financial condition at their fair value on a recurring 
basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their 
entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

(Dollars in thousands)

Assets:

     U.S. Government Agency securities

     U.S. Sponsored Mortgage backed securities

     Municipal securities

     Other securities

     Equity securities

     Loans held for sale

     Interest rate lock commitment

     Interest rate swap

     Interest rate cap

     Fair value hedge

Liabilities:

     Interest rate swap

Fair value hedge

     Mortgage-backed security hedges

(Dollars in thousands)

Assets:

     U.S. Government Agency securities

     U.S. Sponsored Mortgage backed securities

     Municipal securities

     Equity and other securities

     Loans held for sale

     Interest rate lock commitment

Interest rate swap

Interest rate cap

Liabilities:

     Interest rate swap

Mortgage-backed security hedges

December 31, 2018

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

$

— $

77,430

$

—

—

—

6,027

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

50,115

50,639

10,308

3,272

75,807

—

1,375

8

343

1,375

343

853

— $

—

33,122

—

300

—

1,750

—

—

—

—

—

—

77,430

50,115

83,761

10,308

9,599

75,807

1,750

1,375

8

343

1,375

343

853

December 31, 2017

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

$

— $

80,945

$

—

—

1,607

—

—

—

—

—

—

58,154

52,933

15,666

66,794

—

268

33

268

78

— $

—

22,909

900

—

1,426

—

—

—

—

80,945

58,154

75,842

18,173

66,794

1,426

268

33

268

78

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The following table represents recurring level III assets:

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at December 31, 2017

Realized and unrealized gains included in earnings

Purchase of securities

Transfer to Level II Assets

Unrealized gain included in other comprehensive income
(loss)

Unrealized loss included in other comprehensive income
(loss)

Balance at December 31, 2018

Balance at December 31, 2016

Realized and unrealized losses included in earnings

Purchase of securities

Unrealized gain included in other comprehensive income
(loss)

Balance at December 31, 2017

Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

Interest Rate Lock
Commitments

Municipal
Securities

Equity Securities

Total

$

1,426

$

22,909

$

900

$

25,235

324

—

—

—

—

$

$

1,750

1,546

(120)

—

—

—

6,232

—

4,191

(210)

33,122

6,135

—

16,381

393

$

$

—

—

(600)

—

—

300

300

—

600

—

$

$

1,426

$

22,909

$

900

$

324

6,232

(600)

4,191

(210)

35,172

7,981

(120)

16,981

393

25,235

$

$

$

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain financial assets, financial liabilities, non-financial assets and 
non-financial liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These include assets that are measured at 
the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. Certain non-financial assets 
measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include foreclosed assets (upon initial recognition or subsequent impairment), non-
financial assets and non-financial liabilities measured at fair value in the second step of a goodwill impairment test, and intangible 
assets and other non-financial long-lived assets measured at fair value for impairment assessment. Non-financial assets measured at 
fair value on a nonrecurring basis during 2018 and 2017 include certain foreclosed assets which, upon initial recognition, were 
remeasured and reported at fair value through a charge-off to the allowance for possible loan losses and certain foreclosed assets 
which, subsequent to their initial recognition, were remeasured at fair value through a write-down included in other noninterest 
expense.

• 

Impaired Loans — Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance 
with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, 
management measures impairment using one of several methods, including collateral value, liquidation value and discounted 
cash  flows. Those  impaired  loans  not  requiring  an  allowance  represent  loans  for  which  the  fair  value  of  the  expected 
repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. Collateral values are estimated using Level II inputs 
based on observable market data or Level III inputs based on customized discounting criteria. For a majority of impaired 
real estate related loans, the Company obtains a current external appraisal. Other valuation techniques are used as well, 
including internal valuations, comparable property analysis and contractual sales information.

•  Other Real Estate owned — Other real estate owned, which is obtained through the Bank’s foreclosure process is valued 
utilizing the appraised collateral value. Collateral values are estimated using Level II inputs based on observable market 
data or Level III inputs based on customized discounting criteria. At the time the foreclosure is completed, the Company 
obtains a current external appraisal.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are included in the table below:

(Dollars in thousands)

Impaired loans

Other real estate owned

December 31, 2018

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

$

— $

—

— $

11,735

$

—

2,145

11,735

2,145

102

Table of Contents

(Dollars in thousands)

Impaired loans

Other real estate owned

December 31, 2017

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

$

— $

—

— $

14,368

$

—

1,346

14,368

1,346

The following tables presents quantitative information about the Level III significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities 
measured at fair value at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018

Nonrecurring measurements:

Impaired loans

Other real estate owned

Recurring measurements:

Municipal securities

Equity securities

Interest rate lock commitments

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2017

Nonrecurring measurements:

Impaired loans

Other real estate owned

Recurring measurements:

Municipal securities

Equity securities

Quantitative Information about Level III Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

 Range

11,735

Appraisal of collateral 1

2,145

Appraisal of collateral 1

Appraisal adjustments 2
Liquidation expense 2

Appraisal adjustments 2
Liquidation expense 2

20% - 62%

5% - 10%

20% - 30%

5% - 10%

33,122

Appraisal of bond 3

Bond appraisal adjustment 4

5% - 15%

300

Net asset value

Cost minus impairment

0%

1,750

Pricing model

Pull through rates

80% - 88%

Quantitative Information about Level III Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

 Range

14,368

Appraisal of collateral 1

1,346

Appraisal of collateral 1

Appraisal adjustments 2
Liquidation expense 2

Appraisal adjustments 2
Liquidation expense 2

20% - 62%

5% - 10%

20% - 30%

5% - 10%

22,909

Appraisal of bond 3

Bond appraisal adjustment 4

5% - 15%

900

Net asset value

Cost minus impairment

0%

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Interest rate lock commitments
1 Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally include various 
level III inputs which are not identifiable.

Pull through rates

Pricing model

73% - 85%

1,426

$

2 Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. 
The range and weighted average of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

3 Fair value determined through independent analysis of liquidity, rating, yield, and duration.

4 Appraisals may be adjusted for qualitative factors, such as local economic conditions.

103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTE 19. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following tables present the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) for the years ended December 31:

(Dollars in thousands)

2018

2017

2016

Details about AOCI Components

Available-for-sale securities

     Unrealized holding gains

$

Defined benefit pension plan items

     Amortization of net actuarial loss

Amount
Reclassified
from AOCI

Amount
Reclassified
from AOCI

Amount
Reclassified
from AOCI

Affected line item in the Statement where 
Net Income is presented

$

327

327

(88)

239

(306)

(306)

83

(223)

$

731

731

(292)

439

(241)

(241)

96

(145)

1,082

1,082

(433)

649

(236)

(236)

94

(142)

Gain on sale of securities

Total before tax

Income tax expense

Net of tax

Salaries and benefits

Total before tax

Income tax expense

Net of tax

Total reclassifications

$

16

$

294

$

507

(Dollars in thousands)

Balance at January 1, 2018

     Other comprehensive loss before reclassification

     Amounts reclassified from AOCI

Net current period OCI

Balance at Stranded AOCI

Balance at Mark to Market on equity positions held at December 31, 2017

Balance at December 31, 2018

Balance at January 1, 2017

     Other comprehensive loss before reclassification

     Amounts reclassified from AOCI

Net current period OCI

Balance at December 31, 2017

Unrealized gains
(losses) on
available for-sale
securities

Defined benefit
pension plan
items

Total

$

$

$

$

$

$

(5) $

(2,983) $

(3,042)

(239)

(3,281)

— $

(98) $

(16)

223

207

(646) $

— $

(2,988)

(3,058)

(16)

(3,074)

(646)

(98)

(3,384) $

(3,422) $

(6,806)

(1,598) $

(2,679) $

2,032

(439)

1,593

(449)

145

(304)

(5) $

(2,983) $

(4,277)

1,583

(294)

1,289

(2,988)

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NOTE 20. CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PARENT COMPANY

Information relative to the parent company’s condensed balance sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related condensed 
statements of income and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are presented below:

Condensed Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands)

Assets

Cash

Investment in subsidiaries

Other assets

     Total assets

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

Other liabilities

Long-term debt

     Total liabilities

     Total stockholders’ equity

     Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

Condensed Statements of Income

(Dollars in thousands)

Income - dividends from bank subsidiary

Expenses - operating

Income (loss) before income taxes and undistributed earnings - continuing operations

Income tax (benefit) - continuing operations

Income after tax from continuing operations

Income before income taxes and undistributed earnings - discontinued operations

Income tax - discontinued operations

Income after tax from discontinued operations

$

$

$

December 31,

2018

2017

4,449

$

187,052

5,036

3,904

175,027

5,743

196,537

$

184,674

2,240

$

17,524

19,764

176,773

$

196,537

$

958

33,524

34,482

150,192

184,674

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2016

$

8,906

$

13,724

$

13,439

(4,533)

(1,569)

(2,964)

—

—

—

11,974

1,750

(2,147)

3,897

—

—

—

9,241

11,307

(2,066)

(2,072)

6

6,926

2,629

4,297

8,609

Equity in undistributed income earnings of subsidiaries

14,967

3,678

Net Income

Preferred dividends

Net Income available to common shareholders

$

$

$

12,003

$

7,575

$

12,912

489

11,514

$

$

498

7,077

$

$

1,128

11,784

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Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES

     Net Income

     Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries

     Increase (decrease) in other assets

     Decrease (increase) in other liabilities

     Stock option expense

2018

2017

2016

$

12,003

$

7,575

$

(14,967)

1,997

1,311

1,267

(3,678)

(2,214)

(234)

813

12,912

(8,609)

(612)

920

568

     Net cash provided by provided by operating activities

1,611

2,262

5,179

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

     Investment in subsidiary

(2,194)

(947)

(19,697)

     Net cash used in investing activities

(2,194)

(947)

(19,697)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

     Proceeds of stock offering

     AOCI reclassification of pension and available-for-sale investments

     Proceeds from subordinated debt

     Preferred stock issuance

     Preferred stock redemption

     Common stock options exercised

     Cash dividends paid on common stock

     Cash dividends paid on preferred stock

—

743

(35)

—

—

2,129

(1,220)

(489)

4,931

20,519

—

—

—

(8,500)

(10)

(1,033)

(498)

—

—

—

—

32

(646)

(1,128)

     Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

1,128

(5,110)

18,777

(Decrease) increase in cash

Cash at beginning of period

Cash at end of period

NOTE 21. SEGMENT REPORTING

545

(3,795)

4,259

3,904

7,699

3,440

$

4,449

$

3,904

$

7,699

The Company has identified three reportable segments: commercial and retail banking; mortgage banking; and financial holding 
company. Insurance services was previously identified as a reportable segment until entering into an Asset Purchase Agreement, as 
discussed below and in Note 22, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 
8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Revenue from commercial and retail banking 
activities consists primarily of interest earned on loans and investment securities and service charges on deposit accounts. Revenue 
from financial holding company activities is mainly comprised of intercompany service income and dividends.

Revenue from the mortgage banking activities is comprised of interest earned on loans and fees received as a result of the mortgage 
origination process. The mortgage banking services are conducted by MVB Mortgage. Revenue from insurance services is comprised 
mainly of commissions on the sale of insurance products.

On June 30, 2016, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with USI Insurance Services (“USI”), in which USI 
purchased substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of MVB Insurance, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $6.9 
million, as discussed in Note 22, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 
8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. MVB Insurance retained the assets related 

106

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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to, and continues to operate, its title insurance business. The title insurance business is immaterial in terms of  revenue and the 
Company has reorganized MVB Insurance as a subsidiary of the Bank.

Information about the reportable segments and reconciliation to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 
31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Interest income

Interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for loan losses

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

Noninterest Income:

Mortgage fee income

Other income

Total noninterest income

Noninterest Expenses:

Salaries and employee benefits

Other expense

Total noninterest expenses

Income (loss) before income taxes

Income tax expense (benefit)

Net income (loss)

Preferred stock dividends

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

Capital Expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2018

Total Assets as of December 31, 2018

Goodwill as of December 31, 2018

$

$

$

Commercial
& Retail
Banking

Mortgage
Banking

2018

Financial
Holding
Company

Intercompany
Eliminations

Consolidated

$

63,762

$

6,667

$

5

$

(674) $

13,667

50,095

2,386

47,709

585

6,479

7,064

14,924

20,081

35,005

19,768

4,265

15,503

—

15,503

$

$

4,085

2,582

54

2,528

32,880

(243)

32,637

23,927

8,608

32,535

2,630

677

1,953

—

1,953

$

$

1,756

(1,751)

—

(1,751)

—

6,411

6,411

7,373

4,309

11,682

(1,802)

1,128

—

1,128

(1,128)

(6,344)

(7,472)

—

(6,344)

(6,344)

(7,022)

(1,569)

(5,453) $

489

—

—

— $

—

69,760

17,706

52,054

2,440

49,614

32,337

6,303

38,640

46,224

26,654

72,878

15,376

3,373

12,003

489

(5,942) $

— $

11,514

2,284

$

272

$

137

$

— $

2,693

1,753,932

1,598

165,430

16,882

196,537

(364,930)

1,750,969

—

—

18,480

107

Table of Contents

(Dollars in thousands)

Interest income

Interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for loan losses

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

Noninterest Income:

Mortgage fee income

Other income

Total noninterest income

Noninterest Expenses:

Salaries and employee benefits

Other expense

Total noninterest expenses

Income (loss) before income taxes

Income tax expense (benefit)

Net income (loss)

Preferred stock dividends

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

Capital Expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2017

Total Assets as of December 31, 2017

Goodwill as of December 31, 2017

$

$

$

Commercial
& Retail
Banking

Mortgage
Banking

2017

Financial
Holding
Company

Intercompany
Eliminations

Consolidated

$

52,423

$

4,698

$

4

$

(527) $

9,118

43,305

1,967

41,338

736

5,866

6,602

12,266

19,523

31,789

16,151

5,820

10,331

—

10,331

$

$

2,317

2,381

206

2,175

37,262

(2,372)

34,890

26,196

8,188

34,384

2,681

1,082

1,599

—

1,599

2,241

(2,237)

—

(2,237)

—

5,466

5,466

5,646

4,085

9,731

(1,375)

848

—

848

(849)

(5,403)

(6,252)

—

(5,404)

(5,404)

(6,502)

(2,147)

(4,355) $

498

(4,853) $

$

$

—

—

— $

—

— $

56,598

12,301

44,297

2,173

42,124

37,149

3,557

40,706

44,108

26,392

70,500

12,330

4,755

7,575

498

7,077

3,226

$

1,187

$

83

$

— $

4,496

1,533,497

1,598

149,323

16,882

184,674

(333,192)

1,534,302

—

—

18,480

108

Table of Contents

(Dollars in thousands)

Interest income

Interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for loan losses

Net interest income after provision for loan
losses

Noninterest Income:

Mortgage fee income

Other income

Total noninterest income

Noninterest Expenses:

Salaries and employee benefits

Other expense

Total noninterest expenses

Income (loss) from continuing operations,
before income taxes

Income tax expense (benefit) - continuing
operations

Net income (loss) from continuing
operations

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

Income tax expense (benefit) - discontinued
operations

Net income (loss) from discontinued
operations

Net income (loss)

Preferred stock dividends

Net income (loss) available to common
shareholders

Capital Expenditures for the year ended
December 31, 2016

Total Assets as of December 31, 2016

Goodwill as of December 31, 2016

Commercial & Retail Banking

Commercial
& Retail
Banking

Mortgage
Banking

Financial
Holding
Company

Insurance

Intercompany
Eliminations

Consolidated

2016

$

50,413

$

4,285

$

3

$

— $

(578) $

1,035

39,359

8,437

41,976

3,632

38,344

(252)

5,905

5,653

11,592

18,009

29,601

14,396

4,496

2,082

2,203

—

2,203

36,960

1,674

38,634

27,696

8,125

35,821

5,016

1,954

2,226

(2,223)

—

(2,223)

—

5,247

5,247

5,937

3,144

9,081

(6,057)

(2,072)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1,613)

1,035

—

(1,035)

(5,294)

(6,329)

—

(5,294)

(5,294)

—

—

$

9,900

$

3,062

$

(3,985) $

— $

— $

—

—

—

9,900

—

—

—

—

3,062

—

6,926

2,629

4,297

312

1,128

(580)

(218)

(362)

(362)

—

—

—

—

—

—

$

$

9,900

$

3,062

$

(816) $

(362) $

— $

11,784

1,145

$

220

$

303

$

— $

— $

1,668

1,415,735

1,598

122,242

16,882

180,340

—

—

—

(299,513)

1,418,804

—

18,480

54,123

11,132

42,991

3,632

35,673

7,532

43,205

45,225

23,984

69,209

13,355

4,378

8,977

6,346

2,411

3,935

12,912

1,128

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Commercial & Retail Banking segment earned $15.5 million compared to $10.3 million
in 2017. Net interest income increased by $6.8 million, primarily the result of a $9.4 million increase in interest and fees on loans 
which was offset by a $3.3 million increase in interest on deposits. Noninterest income increased by $462 thousand, primarily the 
result of a $536 thousand increase in income on bank owned life insurance and a $562 thousand increase in the holding gain on 
equity securities. These increases were partially offset by a $660 thousand decrease in the gain on sale of securities. Noninterest 
expense increased by $3.2 million, primarily the result of the following: $2.7 million increase in salaries and employee benefits 
expense, $281 thousand increase in occupancy and equipment expense, and a $584 thousand increase in professional fees. In addition, 
provision expense increased by $419 thousand. Also, income tax expense decreased $1.6 million as a result of the new tax laws 
enacted in late 2017.

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Table of Contents

Mortgage Banking

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Mortgage Banking segment earned $2.0 million compared to $1.6 million in 2017. Net 
interest income increased $201 thousand, noninterest income decreased by $2.3 million, and noninterest expense decreased by $1.8 
million. The decrease in noninterest income was primarily the result of a $4.4 million decrease in mortgage fee income, which was 
partially offset by a $2.2 million decrease in the loss on derivative. The decrease in noninterest expense was primarily the result of 
the following: $2.3 million decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense, which was primarily due to a 13.4% decrease in 
origination volume and a $752 thousand decrease in the earn out paid to management of the mortgage company related to the 2012 
acquisition. Other items that impacted noninterest expense were a $344 thousand increase in mortgage processing expense and a 
$106 thousand increase in other operating expenses. 

Financial Holding Company

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Financial Holding Company segment lost $5.5 million compared to a loss of $4.4 million
in 2017. Interest expense decreased $485 thousand, noninterest income increased $945 thousand and noninterest expense increased 
$2.0 million. In addition, the income tax benefit decreased $578 thousand. The increase in noninterest expense was primarily due to 
a $1.7 million increase in salaries and employee benefits expense. 

Insurance

In June 2016, primarily all the assets of the Insurance segment were sold and the segment was reorganized as a subsidiary of the 
Bank. There was no insurance segment in 2017. The discontinued insurance segment lost $362 thousand in 2016.

NOTE 22. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On June 30, 2016, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with USI, in which USI purchased substantially all of 
the assets and assumed certain liabilities of MVB Insurance, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $6.9 million. MVB Insurance retained 
the assets related to, and continues to operate, its title insurance business. The title insurance business is immaterial in terms of 
revenue and the Company has reorganized MVB Insurance as a subsidiary of the Bank. The Company retained approximately $424 
thousand in liabilities and received proceeds totaling $7.0 million related to this transaction.

There were no assets and liabilities of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2018 or 2017. 

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Table of Contents

Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

NONINTEREST INCOME

2018

2017

2016

     Insurance and investment services income

$

— $

— $

     Gain on sale of subsidiary

     Other operating income

     Total noninterest income

NONINTEREST EXPENSES

     Salary and employee benefits

     Occupancy expense

     Equipment depreciation and maintenance

     Data processing and communications

     Marketing, contributions and sponsorships

     Professional fees

     Printing, postage and supplies

     Insurance, tax and assessment expense

     Travel, entertainment, dues and subscriptions

     Other operating expenses

     Total noninterest expense

Income from discontinued operations, before income taxes

Income tax expense - discontinued operations

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Net Income from discontinued operations

$

— $

— $

NOTE 23. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

1,887

6,926

2

8,815

1,937

124

29

79

7

2

12

58

67

154

2,469

6,346

2,411

3,935

(Dollars in thousands)

2018

     First quarter

     Second quarter

     Third quarter

     Fourth quarter

(Dollars in thousands)

2017

     First quarter

     Second quarter

     Third quarter

     Fourth quarter

Interest
Income

Net Interest
Income

Income
Before Taxes

Net Income

Basic

Diluted

Earnings Per Share

$

15,054

$

11,465

$

3,291

$

2,594

$

16,944

18,176

19,586

12,655

13,524

14,410

3,596

4,549

3,940

2,831

3,579

2,999

$

0.24

0.25

0.30

0.25

0.23

0.25

0.29

0.24

Earnings Per Share

Interest
Income

Net Interest
Income

Income
Before Taxes

Net Income

Basic

Diluted

$

13,068

$

10,306

$

2,295

$

1,574

$

13,814

14,630

15,086

10,894

11,414

11,683

3,435

3,510

3,090

2,260

2,318

1,423

$

0.14

0.21

0.21

0.12

0.14

0.20

0.21

0.12

NOTE 24. REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with  Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, 
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, 
identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance 
obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Significant revenue 
has not been recognized in the current reporting period that results from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. 

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The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and fees earned on loans, investment securities, and other 
financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers 
and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is 
presented  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Income  was  not  necessary. The  Company  generally  fully  satisfies  its  performance 
obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on 
a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices 
are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing 
of revenue from contracts with customers. 

The Company also completed its evaluation of certain costs related to these revenue streams to determine whether such costs should 
be presented as expenses or contract-revenue (i.e. gross versus net). Based on the evaluation, the Company determined that the 
classification of certain debit and credit card processing related costs should change (i.e. costs previously recorded as expense in 
now recorded as contract-revenue). These classification changes resulted in immaterial changes to both revenue and expense. Since 
there was no net income impact upon adoption of the new guidance, a cumulative effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings 
was not deemed necessary. Consistent with the modified retrospective approach, the Company did not adjust prior period amounts  
related to the debit and credit card related cost reclassifications discussed above.  

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees, monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account 
related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and 
the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account related fees 
are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, 
at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month 
through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Visa Debit Card and Interchange Income

Visa debit card and interchange income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Bank’s debit and credit cards 
are processed through card payment networks, such as Visa. The Bank’s performance obligation for debit card and interchange 
income is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, on a transactional basis. Payment is typically received immediately 
or in the following month.

Other Operating Income

Other operating income is primarily comprised of ATM fees, wire transfer fees, travelers check fees, revenue streams such as safe 
deposit box rental fees, and other miscellaneous service charges. ATM fees, wire transfer fees and travelers check fees are primarily 
generated when a Bank’s cardholder uses a non-Bank ATM or a non-Bank cardholder uses a Bank ATM. Safe deposit box rental fees 
are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Bank determined that since rentals and 
renewals  occur  fairly  consistently  over  time,  revenue  is  recognized  on  a  basis  consistent  with  the  duration  of  the  performance 
obligation. Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, bill pay service, cashier’s checks, and other services. 
The Bank’s performance obligations for fees and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when 
the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month. The Bank’s 
performance obligation for the gains and losses on sales of other real estate owned is satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, 
after each sale of other real estate owned is closed.

The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in scope and out of scope of Topic 606, for the years 
ended  December 31:

(Dollars in thousands)

2018

2017

2016

Service charges on deposit accounts

Visa debit card and interchange income

Other

Noninterest income in scope of Topic 606

Noninterest income out of scope of Topic 606

Total noninterest income

$

$

1,033

$

765

$

647

558

2,238

36,402

1,258

260

2,283

38,423

38,640

$

40,706

$

112

764

1,185

115

2,064

41,141

43,205

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of MVB Financial Corp.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary 
(the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, 
comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the 
period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). 
In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the 
Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for 
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, 
based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 8, 2019 expressed an 
unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to 
express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting 
firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are 
required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws 
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free 
of material misstatement whether due to error or fraud. 

Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial 
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such 
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the 
financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. 
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

Gaithersburg, Maryland
March 8, 2019 

113

Table of Contents

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s President 
and Chief Executive Officer (the Principal Executive Officer), along with the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (the Principal 
Financial and Accounting Officer), has evaluated the effectiveness, as of December 31, 2018, of the design and operation of the 
Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. 
Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, along with the Company’s Chief Financial Officer 
concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2018.

There have been no material changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2018
that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as 
such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting  is  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  the 
consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections 
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes 
in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

A material weakness is a significant deficiency (as defined in Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard No. 
5), or a combination of significant deficiencies, that results in there being more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement 
of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by management or employees in the 
normal course of performing their assigned functions.

Management  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December 31,  2018. 
Management’s assessment did not identify any material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework in 2013. Because there were no material weaknesses discovered, 
management believes that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements 
included in this Annual Report and has issued a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which 
report is included in “Item 9A – Controls and Procedures” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

/s/ Larry F. Mazza
Larry F. Mazza
President, CEO and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Donald T. Robinson
Donald T. Robinson
Executive Vice President and CFO
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

114

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2018 that materially 
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

115

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of MVB Financial Corp.

Opinion on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

We  have  audited  MVB  Financial  Corp.  and  Subsidiary’s  (the  “Company”)  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework 
(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, 
MVB  Financial  Corp.  and  Subsidiary  maintained,  in  all  material  respects,  effective  internal  control  over 
financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of MVB Financial Corp and Subsidiary as 
of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, 
and  our  report  dated  March  8,  2019,  expressed  an  unqualified  opinion  on  those  consolidated  financial 
statements. 

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting 
and  for  its  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  included  in  the 
accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility 
is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We 
are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to 
the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations 
of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over 
financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding 
of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing 
and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk and 
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our 
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes 
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial 
reporting  includes  those  policies  and  procedures  that  (1)  pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in 
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; 
(2)  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of 
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and 
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and 
directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of 
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on 
the financial statements.

116

Table of Contents

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect 
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk 
that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance 
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Gaithersburg, Maryland
March 8, 2019 

117

Table of Contents

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

This information is omitted from this report pursuant to General Instruction G.(3) of Form 10-K as the Company will file with the 
SEC its definitive Proxy Statement pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act for the 2019 annual meeting of shareholders 
(the  “Proxy  Statement”)  not  later  than  120  days  after  December 31,  2018.   The  applicable  information  appearing  in  the  Proxy 
Statement is incorporated by reference.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

This information is omitted from this report pursuant to General Instruction G.(3) of Form 10-K as the Company will file with the 
SEC its definitive Proxy Statement not later than 120 days after December 31, 2018.  The applicable information appearing in the 
Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

This information is omitted from this report (with the exception of the equity compensation plan information, which is reported in 
Item 5 of this report and is incorporated herein by reference) pursuant to General Instruction G.(3) of Form 10-K as the Company 
will file with the SEC its definitive Proxy Statement not later than 120 days after December 31, 2018.  The applicable information 
appearing in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

Equity Compensation Plan Information as of December 31, 2018:

Plan Category

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

Total

Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options
(a)

Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options
(b)

Number of securities
remaining available
for future issuance
under equity
compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column
(a)) (c)

994,598

N/A

994,598

$

$

13.21

N/A

13.21

865.306

N/A

865.306

During 2018, 161,298 stock options under the Company’s equity compensation plan were exercised.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 
INDEPENDENCE

This information is omitted from this report pursuant to General Instruction G.(3) of Form 10-K as the Company will file with the 
SEC its definitive Proxy Statement not later than 120 days after December 31, 2018.  The applicable information appearing in the 
Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

This information is omitted from this report pursuant to General Instruction G.(3) of Form 10-K as the Company will file with the 
SEC its definitive Proxy Statement not later than 120 days after December 31, 2018.  The applicable information appearing in the 
Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

118

Table of Contents

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) Financial Statements

PART IV

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(b) Exhibits

Exhibits filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K are attached hereto. For a list of such exhibits, see “Exhibit Index”
below. The Exhibit Index specifically identifies each management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as
an exhibit to this Form 10-K.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

119

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this
report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 8, 2019

MVB Financial Corp.

By:

/s/ Larry F. Mazza
Larry F. Mazza
President, CEO and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

Know all persons by the presents, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Larry F. Mazza or
Donald T. Robinson or either of them, as attorney-in-fact, with each having the power of substitution, for him or her in any and
all capacities, to sign any amendment to this Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in
connection therewith, with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said
attorneys-in-fact or his substitute or substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons
on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

/s/ Larry F. Mazza
Larry F. Mazza, President, CEO and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Donald T. Robinson
Donald T. Robinson, Executive Vice President and CFO
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ David B. Alvarez
David B. Alvarez, Chairman

/s/ James J. Cava, Jr.
James J. Cava, Jr., Director

/s/ Harry E. Dean III
Harry E. Dean III, Director

/s/ John W. Ebert
John W. Ebert, Director

/s/ Daniel W. Holt
Daniel W. Holt, Director

/s/ Gary A. LeDonne
Gary A. LeDonne, Director

/s/ Kelly R. Nelson
Kelly R. Nelson, Director

/s/ J. Christopher Pallotta
J. Christopher Pallotta, Director

120

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

Description

Exhibit Location

Exhibit
Number

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

10.2†

10.3†

10.4

Articles of Incorporation, as amended

Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended

Specimen of Stock Certificate representing MVB
Financial Corp. Common Stock

Form of Certificate for the SBLF Preferred Stock

Form of Subscription Rights Certificate

10.1†

MVB Financial Corp. 2003 Stock Incentive Plan

Annual Report Form 10-K, File No. 000-50567, filed 
March 16, 2015, and incorporated by reference herein

Form 8-K, File No. 001-38314, filed June 22, 2018, and 
incorporated by reference herein

Form S-3 Registration Statement, File No. 333-228688, 
filed December 6, 2018, and incorporated by reference 
herein

Form 8-K, File No. 000-50567, filed September 12, 
2011, and incorporated by reference herein

Form 8-K, File No. 000-50567, filed March 13, 2017, 
and incorporated by reference herein

Form SB-2 Registration Statement, File 
No. 333-120931, filed December 2, 2004, and 
incorporated by reference herein

MVB Financial Corp. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as
amended

Form 10-K, File No. 001-38314, filed March 8, 2018, 
and incorporated by reference herein

MVB Financial Corp. 2018 Annual Senior Executive
Performance Incentive Plan

Form 8-K, File No. 001-38314, filed February 23, 2018, 
and incorporated by reference herein

Lease Agreement with Essex Properties, LLC for land
occupied by Bridgeport Branch

10.5†

Employment Agreement of Larry F. Mazza

10.6†

Employment Agreement of Donald T. Robinson

10.7†

Offer Letter for Donald T. Robinson

10.8

10.9

Asset Purchase Agreement by and among MVB
Insurance, LLC, MVB Financial Corp., and USI
Insurance Services LLC

Severance Agreement and Release of Claims by and
between MVB Financial Corp. and Bret S. Price

10.10

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement

Form SB-2 Registration Statement, File 
No. 333-120931, filed December 2, 2004, and 
incorporated by reference herein

Form 8-K/A, File No. 000-50567, filed January 24, 
2014, and incorporated by reference herein

Form 8-K, File No. 000-50567, filed December 3, 2015, 
and incorporated by reference herein

Form 8-K, File No. 000-50567, filed December 3, 2015, 
and incorporated by reference herein

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 000-50567, 
filed November 3, 2016, and incorporated by reference 
herein

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 000-50567, 
filed November 3, 2016, and incorporated by reference 
herein

Form 8-K, File No. 000-50567, filed December 6, 2016, 
and incorporated by reference herein

10.11†

10.12†

10.13†

Investment Agreement between MVB Financial Corp.
and Larry F. Mazza

Form 8-K, File No. 000-50567, filed March 13, 2017, 
and incorporated by reference herein

Third Addendum to the Employment Agreement with
MVB Financial Corp. and MVB Bank, Inc. and H.
Edward Dean, III, President and Chief Executive
Officer of Potomac Mortgage Group, Inc., doing
business as MVB Mortgage

Fourth Addendum to the Employment Agreement with
MVB Financial Corp. and MVB Bank, Inc. and H.
Edward Dean, III, President and Chief Executive
Officer of Potomac Mortgage Group, Inc., doing
business as MVB Mortgage

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 000-50567, 
filed July 31, 2017, and incorporated by reference 
herein

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 000-50567, 
filed July 31, 2017, and incorporated by reference 
herein

10.14†

MVB Financial Corp. Form of Restricted Stock Unit
Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement

Form 8-K, File No. 001-38314, filed March 27, 2018, 
and incorporated by reference herein

11

14

21

Statement Regarding Computation of Earnings per
Share

Code of Ethics

Subsidiary of Registrant

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

121

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm

Filed herewith

EXHIBIT INDEX

Power of Attorney

Contained in signature page to this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K

Table of Contents

23.1

24

31.1

31.2

32.1*

Certificate of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002

Certificate of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002

Certificate of Principal Executive Officer & Principal
Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes
Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

(*) In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management’s 
Reports  on  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting  and  Certification  of  Disclosure  in  Exchange Act  Periodic  Reports,  the 
certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Form 10-K and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes 
of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the 
Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

(†) Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

122

Earnings per Share are calculated as follows:

Earnings Per Share

(Dollars in thousands except shares and per share data)

2018

2017

2016

For the years ended

December 31,

Exhibit 11

$

12,003

$

7,575

$

489

11,514

—

498

7,077

—

11,514

$

7,077

$

11,514

$

7,077

$

489

753

—

—

12,756

$

7,077

$

8,977

1,128

7,849

3,935

11,784

7,849

—

1,390

9,239

11,030,984

10,308,738

8,212,021

489,625

837,500

363,894

—

—

131,490

—

1,837,500

19,212

12,722,003

10,440,228

10,068,733

1.04

$

— $

1.04

1.00

$

$

— $

1.00

$

0.69

$

— $

0.69

0.68

$

$

— $

0.68

$

0.96

0.48

1.44

0.92

0.39

1.31

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Numerator for basic earnings per share:

Net Income from continuing operations

Less: Dividends on preferred stock

Net Income from continuing operations available to common
shareholders - basic

Net Income from discontinued operations available to common
shareholders - basic and diluted

Net Income available to common shareholders

Numerator for diluted earnings per share:

Net Income from continuing operations available to common
shareholders - basic

Add: Dividends on preferred stock

Add: Interest on subordinated debt (tax effected)

Net Income available to common shareholders from continuing
operations - diluted

Denominator:

Total average shares outstanding

Effect of dilutive convertible preferred stock

Effect of dilutive convertible subordinated debt

Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units

Total diluted average shares outstanding

Earnings per share from continuing operations - basic

Earnings per share from discontinued operations - basic

Earnings per common shareholder - basic

Earnings per share from continuing operations - diluted

Earnings per share from discontinued operations - diluted

Earnings per common shareholder - diluted

 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 14

MVB Financial Corp. (hereinafter “MVB Financial”) and Its Wholly Owned Subsidiaries, 

(hereinafter collectively “MVB”)
CODE OF ETHICS FOR SENIOR FINANCIAL OFFICERS

Board Approved:  December 18, 2018
HR Committee: November 20, 2018

This policy applies to all senior financial officers of MVB. The senior financial officers include Larry F. 
Mazza, Donald T. Robinson, Joshua A. Anderson, John T. Schirripa, Donald T. Robinson, Eric L. Tichenor, 
David A. Jones, Kenneth L. Ash, Harry E. Dean III, Peter W. Cameron. (“Covered Persons”).

Specifically, the senior financial officers for MVB represent the following organizations:

MVB Financial Corp.
Larry F. Mazza, Donald T. Robinson, David A. Jones, and Joshua A. Anderson

MVB Bank, Inc.
Larry F. Mazza, Donald T. Robinson, John T. Schirripa, Eric L. Tichenor, David A. Jones, 
Joshua A. Anderson, and Kenneth L. Ash

Potomac Mortgage Group, Inc.
Harry E. Dean III, Peter W. Cameron

This Code of Ethics is required by the United States securities laws and the rules and regulations 
of the Securities and Exchange Commission as being necessary to deter wrongdoing and to 
promote:

honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of 

(i) 
interest between personal and professional relationships,

avoidance of conflicts of interest, including disclosure to an appropriate person or persons 
(ii) 
identified in the code of any material transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected 
to give rise to such a conflict,

full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that MVB 

(iii) 
files with, or submits to, the Commission and in other public communications made by MVB,

(iv) 

compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations,

the prompt internal reporting of code violations to an appropriate person or persons identified 

(v) 
in the code; and

(vi) 

accountability for adherence to the code.

If you have any questions regarding this Code, please feel free to contact the MVB Financial President 

and  Chief  Executive  Officer  or  the  MVB  Financial  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors.  If  you  are  not 
comfortable  speaking  with  the  MVB  Financial  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  or  MVB  Financial 
Chairman of the Board of Directors, you are encouraged to speak with the MVB Financial Senior Vice 
President, Human Resources.

1.  Each Covered Person must avoid any transaction or arrangement that would create a conflict 
of  interest  or  the  appearance  of  a  conflict  of  interest  between  personal  and  professional 
relationships.

A conflict of interest may be generally defined as a conflict between the Covered Person’s private 
interests and his or her responsibilities to MVB or an entity with which MVB maintains a relationship. 
A conflict of interest can also arise when an immediate family member is involved in a transaction 
or  arrangement  that  in  any  way  casts  doubt  upon  the  Covered  Person’s  independence.  An 
“immediate  family  member”  includes  a  Covered  Person’s  spouse,  parents,  children,  siblings, 
mothers and fathers-in-law, sons and daughters-in-law, sisters-in-law, brothers-in-law, and anyone 
(other than employees) who shares the Covered Person’s home.

2.  Covered Persons may only accept items of nominal value as gifts from any individual or entity 

that is involved or seeks to become involved in a business relationship with MVB.

The Bank Bribery Act prohibits Covered Persons and others from offering or receiving anything 
of value where the item of value is offered with the intent of influencing MVB personnel or a 
business transaction. This law is broad and carries civil and criminal penalties, including fines 
and/or imprisonment.

Covered Persons may accept any non-cash item of value from customers only if it:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Is valued at $100 or less;
Is not intended to influence any decision by us;
Is unsolicited;
Is infrequent; and
Is not a quid pro quo.

Under no circumstances shall Covered Persons accept cash or any other form of money as a gift 
from any customer. Gifts which are likely to be acceptable under these guidelines are: advertising 
or promotional materials such as pens, pencils, key rings, calendars and similar items valued 
under $100.

Additionally,  Covered  Persons  may  accept  gifts  from  individuals  who  have  both  a  personal 
relationship with such Covered Persons, as well as a business relationship with MVB, for such 
commonly  recognized  events  or  occasions  as  a  promotion,  wedding,  retirement,  or  religious 
observance, if valued at less than $100.

Generally, there is no threat of a violation of the Bank Bribery Act if acceptance of a gift or benefit 
is  based  on  an  immediate  family  or  personal  relationship,  which  exists  independent  of  any 
business with MVB or if the gift or benefit is made available to the general public under the same 
conditions on which it is made available to a Covered Person.

Payments  for  travel,  lodging,  meals  and  entertainment  are  normally  permissible  if  they  (i)  are 
reasonable in amount; (ii) are expended in the course of a legitimate business meeting or an event 
intended to foster better business relations; (iii) would be paid by MVB as a business expense if 
not paid for by the outside source; and (iv) are unsolicited.

If any Covered Person is offered or receive something of value in excess of the above- stated 

amounts or any payment for travel, lodging, meals or entertainment, such person must disclose 
the matter, in writing, to the President and Chief Executive Officer, and seek a determination on 
acceptability.  The  reviewer  will  give  due  consideration  to  the  criteria  for  permissible  gifts  and 
whether receipt poses a threat to the integrity of MVB or might violate the Bank Bribery Act.

3.  All Covered Persons are responsible for maintaining accurate financial records for MVB.

Covered Persons must closely adhere to the following accounting guidelines:

(i) 

(ii) 

All assets, liabilities and transactions of MVB should be accurately recorded 
in  accordance  with  MVB’s  record  keeping  procedures  and  generally 
accepted accounting principles;

No false or misleading entries are permitted to be knowingly made or caused to 
be made in MVB’s record books, even if such entries would not be material to MVB 
or its operations as a whole; and

(iii) 

Any entries that are inaccurate, false or irregular should be promptly reported to 
a member of the Audit Committee for an immediate corrective action.

4.  Covered Persons must recognize that confidential information is an asset of MVB, and must 

refrain from using inside information to their personal advantage.

Covered Persons must maintain the confidentiality of information entrusted to them by MVB or 
its  customers  or  suppliers,  except  when  disclosure  is  authorized  or  legally  mandated. 
Confidential information includes all non-public information that might be of use to competitors, 
or harmful to MVB or its customers or suppliers, if disclosed.

At  its  core,  the  prohibition  against  insider  trading  focuses  on  the  buying,  selling  or  trading  in 
securities using non-public information. The prohibition applies to securities of MVB as well as to 
customers and suppliers of MVB and, or any entity with which MVB and has a business relationship.

Covered Persons are in a unique position to acquire non-public information about MVB, and such 
information might influence their decision to buy, sell or trade securities. In addition to refraining 
from using inside information in making their own investment decisions, Covered Persons should 
also avoid discussing the inside information with friends or immediate family members (whether 
at home or in the public) or mailing or faxing the inside information to outside sources unless 
appropriate confidentiality agreements are in place to ensure that material, non-public information 
is not used improperly.

5.  The conduct of Covered Persons should be governed by the highest standards of integrity 

and fairness.

Covered Persons should avoid those situations in which outside personal interests conflict 
with MVB’s business. These situations include:

(i) 

(ii) 

Ownership by a Covered Person, or a member of his or her immediate family, 
of a material financial interest in any outside enterprise that is involved or seeks 
to become involved in a business relationship with MVB;

Ownership by a Covered Person, or a member of his or her immediate family, 
of  a  material  financial  interest  in  any  outside  enterprise  that  competes  for 
business with MVB;

(iii) 

Outside employment of a Covered Person, or a member of his or her immediate 

family,  whether  as  a  consultant,  director,  officer,  employee  or  independent 
contractor, with an entity that is involved or seeks to become involved in a business 
relationship with MVB; or

(iv) 

Appointment of a Covered Person, or a member of his or her immediate family, 
to a public office, board or commission that may create an appearance of a conflict 
of  interest  between  the  goals  and  purposes  of  that  organization  and  MVB 
business. Such appointment would include a “public service” organization or a 
not-for-profit organization.

6.  Covered Persons must not take for themselves opportunities that they discover while working 

for MVB, or use corporate property or information for personal gain.

Covered Persons must not (a) take personal advantage of a situation or knowledge acquired 
through the use of his or her position or MVB’s property, if the situation or knowledge could be 
used for MVB’s benefit, (b) use his or her position or MVB property or information for personal 
gain, or (c) compete with the MVB. Covered Persons owe a duty to the MVB to advance its 
interests whenever the opportunity arises.

7.  In  drafting  periodic  reports  that  are  to  be  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission, Covered Persons should take all steps necessary to ensure full, fair, accurate, 
timely and complete disclosure.

(i) 

Go Beyond the Minimum Disclosure Required by Law. While in the past periodic 
reporting has focused on disclosing only those items that were mandated by the 
law, Covered Persons should go beyond the minimum requirements to convey 
the full financial picture of MVB to the public.

Areas of special attention include: off-balance sheet structures, insider and affiliated party 
transactions, board relationships, accounting policies, and auditor relationships.

(ii) 

Make Sure All Relationships that Could Give Rise to Any Perceived Conflicts are 
Fully  Disclosed.  Given  the  recent  focus  of  lawmakers  on  a  more  complete 
disclosure of any material conflict of interest to the public, it is important to ensure 
that any transaction that threatens to create the appearance of a conflict of interest 
must be fully disclosed in MVB’s periodic reports.

8.  Covered Persons must comply with all laws and regulations that apply to MVB’s business.

All Covered Persons should understand those laws that apply to them in the performance of their 
duties and ensure that their decisions and actions are conducted in conformity with those laws. Any 
violation of the applicable laws can subject MVB or the implicated Covered Person to liability. Any 
inquiries relating to compliance with applicable laws and regulations should be directed to the MVB 
Financial Chief Risk Officer.

9.  Accountability for adherence to the Code.

Failure to adhere to the above detailed responsibilities by the Covered Persons may result in disciplinary 
action  being  taken  against  such  persons.  The  disciplinary  action  may  range  up  to  and  including 
termination. The Board of Directors shall be responsible for determining the proper action to be taken.

Exhibit 21

MVB FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 

Subsidiaries of MVB Financial Corp.

The following are the only subsidiaries of MVB Financial Corp.:

Name of Subsidiary

MVB Bank Inc.

Potomac Mortgage Group, Inc., (D/B/A MVB Mortgage)

MVB Insurance, LLC

MVB Community Development Corporation

Jurisdiction of Incorporation

West Virginia

Virginia

West Virginia

West Virginia

1

 
Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

We  consent  to  the  incorporation  by  reference  in  the  registration  statements  (Nos.  333-189512,  333-186910, 
333-145716, and 333-120234) on Forms S-8 and (Nos. 333-180317, 333-208949, and 333-215140) on Forms S-3 of 
MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary of our report, dated March 8, 2019, with respect to the consolidated financial 
statements of MVB Financial Corp. and Subsidiary and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, 
which reports appear in MVB Financial Corp.’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

Gaithersburg, Maryland
March 8, 2019

1

Form 10-K Certification

I, Larry F. Mazza, certify that:

CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.1

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of MVB Financial Corp.;

2.  Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a 
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were 
made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly 
present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and 
for, the periods presented in this annual report;

4.  The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be 
designed  under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its 
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in 
which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting 
to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
account principles;

(c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period 
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred 
during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual 
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control 
over financial reporting; and

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or 
persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize 
and report financial information; and

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role 

in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 8, 2019

/s/ Larry F. Mazza
Larry F. Mazza
President, CEO and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

1

Exhibit 31.2

Form 10-K Certification

I, Donald T. Robinson, certify that:

CERTIFICATION

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of MVB Financial Corp.;

2.  Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a 
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were 
made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly 
present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and 
for, the periods presented in this annual report;

4.  The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be 
designed  under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its 
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in 
which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting 
to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
account principles;

(c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period 
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred 
during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual 
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control 
over financial reporting; and

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or 
persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize 
and report financial information; and

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role 

in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 8, 2019

/s/ Donald T. Robinson
Donald T. Robinson
Executive Vice President and CFO
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

1

SIGNATURES

Exhibit 32.1

In accordance with Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by 
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized and based on our knowledge and belief that:

1.  The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.  The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of 

operations of the Company.

MVB Financial Corp.

By:

/s/ Larry F. Mazza

Larry F. Mazza

President, CEO and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Donald T. Robinson

Donald T. Robinson

Executive Vice President and CFO

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: March 8, 2019

Date: March 8, 2019

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Morgantown
Fairmont

Clarksburg

Bridgeport

Inwood

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Leesburg

WASHINGTON D.C.

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WEST VIRGINIA

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VIRGINIA

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MVB Bank

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