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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.

naii · NASDAQ Consumer Defensive
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Industry Packaged Foods
Employees 51-200
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FY2016 Annual Report · Natural Alternatives International, Inc.
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NATURAL	ALTERNATIVES	
INTERNATIONAL,	INC.	

CUSTOM	CONTRACT	MANUFACTURING	
OF	SUPPLEMENTS	SINCE	1980	

2016 
ANNUAL REPORT 

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 
Natural Alternatives International, Inc. 
Carlsbad, California 

Dear Shareholder, 

The fiscal year of 2016 will go down as a landmark year for the company with sales exceeding 
$114.2 million dollars versus sales of $79.5 million in the prior year.  The diluted earnings per share for 
the year of $1.44 compare quite favorably with the prior year results of $0.49 per diluted share.  We 
look forward to continued growth in the coming fiscal year. 

This result was achieved through the hard work of many team members of the company and by 

executing our business plan with disciplined focus. We remain a debt‐free company with an 
exceptionally strong balance sheet and continue to seek ways of expanding our presence both 
domestically and internationally by leading by example.  We have concluded the build‐out of our state 
of the art facilities in Lugano, Switzerland and are now open for even more business involving powdered 
supplement products as well as solid dosage forms of complex nutritional products. We remain ever 
vigilant to leverage our various prestigious certifications for our two international manufacturing sites, 
in Switzerland and in the County of San Diego in California.  Our new corporate offices in Carlsbad, 
California are now open and occupied with various disciplines and departments to work in a more 
collegial atmosphere, and we continue to invest in essential research as we bolster our intellectual 
property estate and enhance the value propositions for our clients. 

We are undertaking expansion of our solid dose coating systems in California to address the 

growth potential for markets that demand highest quality products made in that format.  We have also 
increased our encapsulation capacities with additional state of the art high speed encapsulation 
equipment. 

In August of this year we were once again audited by the Therapeutic Goods Administration of 

Australia (TGA) and while the audit was robust, it was also obvious to the auditor that NAI is truly 
focused on product and process excellence.  The recommendation from the TGA is for another three 
year extension of our license, which will take us to 20 consecutive years of TGA licensure to create 
complimentary medicines, which is their category for dietary supplements.  This is important because as 
signators to the PIC/S (The Pharmaceutical Inspection Co‐operation Scheme) system, this certification 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 
Natural Alternatives International, Inc. 
Carlsbad, California 

opens the door to fast‐track registration of products in over 48 countries around the world, thereby 
accelerating speed to market, which is a mission‐critical component of our service levels to our 
esteemed customer partners. 

Recently I was named as President of the venerable Natural Products Association, based in 

Washington D.C., an 80 year old not‐for‐profit trade organization representing thousands of retailers 
and suppliers of our industry, so I have been championing legislative and regulatory changes to help 
foster continued research, development and growth of natural products to help combat the combined 
epidemics of obesity and diabetes in America and other parts of the globe. 

I am deeply gratified as the founder of this firm to be able to join my colleagues in presenting 

this excellent and record setting annual report of our results for the fiscal year concluded June 30 of 
2016, and thank you, our loyal shareholders, for your continued support and encouragement of our 
activities.  We look forward to continuing our growth in the coming fiscal year. 

Sincerely, 

Mark A. Le Doux 
Chairman, Founder and Chief Executive Officer 
Natural Alternatives International, Inc. 
Carlsbad, California 

 
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES  
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION  
Washington, D.C. 20549  

FORM 10-K  
ANNUAL REPORT  
pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934  
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2016  

000-15701  
(Commission file number)  

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC.  
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)  

Delaware 
(State of incorporation) 

84-1007839 
(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1535 Faraday Ave 
Carlsbad, CA 92008 
(Address of principal executive offices)

(760) 744-7340 
(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  

Title of each class 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share 

Name of exchange on which registered  
Nasdaq Global Market 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None  

Indicate by check mark if Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (NAI) is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the 
Securities Act of 1933.  ☐ Yes    ☒ No  

Indicate by check mark if NAI is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934.  ☐ Yes    ☒ No  

Indicate by check mark whether NAI (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that NAI was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to 
such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  ☒ Yes    ☐ No  

Indicate by check mark whether NAI has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File 
required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period 
that NAI was required to submit and post such files).  ☒ Yes    ☐ No  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be 
contained, to the best of NAI’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 
10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether NAI is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  

Large accelerated filer  ☐ 

Non-accelerated filer  ☐ 

Accelerated filer 

Smaller reporting company 

☐ 

☒ 

Indicate by check mark whether NAI is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):  ☐ Yes    ☒ No  

The aggregate market value of NAI’s common  stock held by non-affiliates of NAI as of the last business day of NAI’s most recently 
completed second fiscal quarter (December 31, 2015) was approximately $54,798,557 (based on the closing sale price of $10.34 reported 
by Nasdaq on December 31, 2015). For this purpose, all of NAI’s officers and directors and their affiliates were assumed to be affiliates of 
NAI.  

As of September 8, 2016, 6,868,628 shares of NAI’s common stock were outstanding, net of 958,049 treasury shares.      

Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference portions of NAI’s definitive proxy statement for its 
Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held December 2, 2016, to be filed on or before October 28, 2016.  

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE  

 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
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SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS  .................................................................

Page  
1

TABLE OF CONTENTS  

PART I  

Item 1. 

Business ...................................................................................................................................................... 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors ................................................................................................................................................ 

Item 2. 

Properties .................................................................................................................................................... 

Item 3. 

Legal Proceedings ....................................................................................................................................... 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures ............................................................................................................................. 

PART II  

Item 5.  Market for Our Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 

Securities ................................................................................................................................................. 

Item 6. 

Selected Financial Data .............................................................................................................................. 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ..................... 

Item 8. 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ........................................................................................... 

Item 9. 

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ..................... 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures ............................................................................................................................. 

Item 9B.  Other Information ....................................................................................................................................... 

PART III 

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance .......................................................................... 

Item 11.  Executive Compensation ............................................................................................................................ 

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ... 

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ............................................ 

Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services ..................................................................................................... 

PART IV 

Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules  ............................................................................................. 

SIGNATURES  ............................................................................................................................................................

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SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS  

Certain statements in this report, including information incorporated by reference, are “forward-looking statements” within 
the  meaning of Section 27A of  the Securities Act of 1933,  Section 21E  of  the  Securities  Exchange Act of 1934,  and  the 
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect current views about future events and 
financial performance based on certain assumptions. They include opinions, forecasts, intentions, plans, goals, projections, 
guidance, expectations, beliefs, or other statements that are not statements of historical fact. Words such as “may,” “will,” 
“should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “approximates,” “predicts,” 
“forecasts,” or “projects,” or the negative or other variation of such words, and similar expressions may identify a statement 
as a forward-looking statement. Any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated 
growth  and  trends  in  our  business,  our  goals,  strategies,  focus  and  plans,  and  other  characterizations  of  future  events  or 
circumstances,  including  statements  expressing  general  optimism  about  future  operating  results,  are  forward-looking 
statements. Forward-looking statements in this report may include statements about:  

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future financial and operating results, including projections of net sales, revenue, income or loss, net income or
loss per share, profit margins, expenditures, liquidity, and other financial items; 

our ability to maintain or increase our patent and trademark licensing revenues;  

our ability to develop new products, develop relationships with new customers and maintain or improve existing
customer relationships;  

our ability to protect our intellectual property; 

our  ability  to  improve  operation  efficiencies,  manage  costs  and  business  risks  and  improve  or  maintain 
profitability;  

currency exchange rates, their effect on our results of operations, including amounts that may be reclassified as
earnings, the availability of foreign exchange facilities, our ability to effectively hedge against foreign exchange
risks and the extent to which we may seek to hedge against such risks;  

future levels of our revenue concentration risk;  

sources and availability of raw materials, including the limited number of suppliers of beta-alanine;  

inventories, including the adequacy of raw material and other inventory levels to meet future customer demand
and the adequacy and intended use of our facilities;  

•  manufacturing and distribution channels, product sales and performance, and timing of product shipments;  

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

current or future customer orders, product returns, and potential product recalls;  

the impact on our business and results of operations and variations in quarterly net sales from seasonal and other
factors;  

our  ability  to  operate  within  the  standards  set  by  the  U.S.  Food  and  Drug  Administration’s  (FDA)  Good
Manufacturing Practices (GMP);  

our ability to successfully expand our operations, including outside the United States (U.S.);  

the adequacy of our reserves and allowances;  

the outcome of currently pending litigation, regulatory and tax matters, the costs associated with such matters and
the effect of such matters on our business and results of operations;  

the  sufficiency  of  our  available  cash,  cash  equivalents,  and  potential  cash  flows  from  operations  to  fund  our
current working capital needs and capital expenditures through the next 12 months; 

• 

current and future economic and political conditions;  

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the impact of accounting pronouncements and our adoption of certain accounting guidance; and  

other assumptions described in this report underlying or relating to any forward-looking statements. 

The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report and caution should be taken not to place 
undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain events, risks, and 
uncertainties that may be outside of our control. When considering forward-looking statements, you should carefully review 
the risks, uncertainties and other cautionary statements in this report as they identify certain important factors that could cause 
actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, 
among  others,  the  risks  described  under  Item 1A  of  Part  I  and  elsewhere  in  this  report,  as  well  as  in  other  reports  and 
documents we file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).  

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PART I  

ITEM 1. 

BUSINESS 

General  

Our vision is to enrich the world through the best of nutrition.  

We are a leading formulator, manufacturer and marketer of nutritional supplements. Our comprehensive strategic partnerships 
with our customers offer a wide range of innovative nutritional products and services to our clients including the following: 
scientific research, clinical studies, proprietary ingredients, customer-specific nutritional product formulation, product testing 
and  evaluation,  marketing  management  and  support,  packaging  and  delivery  system  design,  regulatory  review,  and 
international product registration assistance.  

As our primary business activity, we provide private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and 
distribute vitamins, minerals, herbal and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers 
both  within  and  outside  the  U.S.  We  also  own  a  patent  estate  related  to  the  ingredient  known  as  beta-alanine,  which  is 
primarily commercialized through the direct sale of this raw material under our CarnoSyn® trademark.  

History  

Originally  founded  in  1980,  Natural  Alternatives  International,  Inc.  reorganized  as  a  Delaware  corporation  in  1989.  Our 
principal executive offices were located at 1185 Linda Vista Drive, San Marcos, California, 92078 until relocating to 1535 
Faraday Ave, Carlsbad, CA 92008 during August 2016.  

In January 1999, we formed Natural Alternatives International Europe S.A. (NAIE) as our wholly owned subsidiary, based 
in Manno, Switzerland. In September 1999, NAIE opened its manufacturing facility which has grown over the ensuing years 
and currently possesses manufacturing capability in encapsulation, powders, and tablets, finished goods packaging, quality 
control, laboratory testing, warehousing, distribution and administration.  

Historically,  as  part  of  our  business  strategy,  we  have  sought  to  commercialize  our  patent  estate  through  contract 
manufacturing,  royalty  and  license  agreements.  From  March  2009  through  March  31,  2015,  we  had  an  agreement  with 
Compound Solutions, Inc. (CSI) to grant a license to manufacture, offer for sale and/or sell products incorporating, using or 
made in accordance with our patent rights to CSI and customers of CSI who purchased beta-alanine from CSI under the 
CarnoSyn® trademark. During the term of this relationship, we received a fee from CSI that varied based on the quantity and 
source of beta-alanine sold by CSI. We terminated our relationship with CSI effective April 1, 2015 and began directly selling 
beta-alanine,  and  licensing  our  related  patent  and  trademark  rights,  in  order  to  take  advantage  of  strategic  opportunities, 
including opportunities to provide additional contract manufacturing services, further commercialize our patent estate, and 
to increase our top-line revenue and profit profile. 

Additionally, we have historically developed, manufactured and marketed our own branded products under the Pathway to 
Healing® product line, which was aimed at restoring, maintaining and improving the health of the users. However, due to the 
steady  decline  in  sales  of  this  product  line  over  the  prior  several  years,  we  decided  to  discontinue  the  product  line.  All 
termination activities related to the Pathway to Healing® product line were substantially completed by December 31, 2014. 
We  did  not  change  the  financial  presentation  in  this  report  to  reflect  the  branded  products  segment  as  “Discontinued 
Operations”  as  the  wind  down  of  this  product  line  did  not  meet  the  criteria  for  discontinued  operations  presentation  as 
prescribed by applicable accounting regulations (ASC 205-20). 

Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this report to the “Company,” “NAI,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to 
Natural Alternatives International, Inc. and, as applicable, and NAIE.  

Overview of our Facilities and Operations  

Our U.S.-based operations are located in Vista and Carlsbad, California and include manufacturing and distribution, sales 
and marketing, in-house formulation, laboratory, and other research and development services. Our manufacturing facilities 
were recertified on December 20, 2012 by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) of Australia after its audit of our 
GMP. TGA evaluates new therapeutic products, prepares standards, develops testing methods and conducts testing programs 
to  ensure  that products  are high  in quality, safe  and  effective.  TGA  also  conducts  a range of  assessment  and  monitoring 
activities  including  audits  of  the  manufacturing  practices  of  companies  who  export  and  sell  products  to  Australia.  TGA 
certification enables us to manufacture products for export into countries that have signed the Pharmaceutical Inspection 

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Convention, which include most European countries as well as several Pacific Rim countries. TGA certifications are generally 
reviewed every eighteen to thirty six months. During August 2016, TGA completed an inspection of our facility and quality 
systems for compliance with good manufacturing practices, and a renewed 36 months GMP clearance is expected in the 
coming months.  

Our California facilities also have been awarded GMP registration annually since October 2002 by NSF International (NSF) 
through the NSF Dietary Supplements Certification Program and received “GMP for Sport” NSF Certified registration on 
February 16, 2009. GMP requirements are regulatory standards and guidelines establishing necessary processes, procedures 
and documentation for manufacturers in an effort to assure the products produced by that manufacturer have the identity, 
strength, composition, quality and purity they are represented to possess. The NSF Certified for Sport program focuses on 
minimizing the risk that a dietary supplement or sports nutrition product contains banned substances and was developed due 
to  growing  demand  from  athletes  and  coaches  concerned  about  banned  substances  in  sports  supplements.   The  program 
focuses  primarily  on  manufacturing  and  sourcing  processes,  embedding  preventative  measures  throughout.   NAI’s 
participation in the program allows us to produce products bearing the NSF Sport logo. 

Our U.S. operations have also been certified by Health Canada as compliant with GMP requirements as outlined in Part 3 of 
the  Canadian  Natural  Health  Products  Regulations.   Health  Canada  is  the  department  of  the  Canadian  government  with 
responsibility for national public health.  Health Canada has initiated work to modernize its regulatory system for food and 
health products.  Health Canada plays an active role in ensuring access to safe and effective drugs and health products while 
giving  high  priority  to  public  safety  and  striving  to  provide  information  needed  to  make  healthy  choices  and  informed 
decisions regarding one’s  health.  NAI  was issued  its  initial  certification  in December 2011  and received  its  most  recent 
renewal in November 2015.  Not only does this approval demonstrate another level of regulatory compliance for NAI, it may 
also ease the approval process for our customers who import products into Canada. 

During March 2015, our California facilities became certified as Organic Processor and Handler by Natural Food Certifiers 
(NFC).  This certification demonstrates that we meet the USDA National Organic Program standards and allows us to expand 
our contract manufacturing and packaging services to include Organic labeled products.  The certification requires annual 
renewal and we believe we will obtain renewals annually. We are registered with the State of California, Department of 
Public Health Food and Drug Branch as an organic processor. Additionally, we are certified by various Rabbinical and Halal 
authorities to produce Kosher and Halal certified products. These certifications guarantee that the facility, processes, and 
ingredients  of  certified  products  have  been  reviewed  and  found  to  be  in  compliance  with  the  strict  dietary  laws  of  the 
respective Jewish and Muslim communities  

NAIE also operates a manufacturing, warehousing, packaging and distribution facility in Manno, Switzerland. In January 
2004,  NAIE  obtained  a  pharmaceutical  license  to  process  pharmaceuticals  for  packaging,  import,  export  and  sale  within 
Switzerland  and  other  countries  from  the  Swissmedic  Authority  of  Bern,  Switzerland.  In  March  2007,  following  the 
expansion  of  NAIE’s  manufacturing  facilities  to  include  powder  filling  capabilities,  NAIE  obtained  an  additional 
pharmaceutical  license  from  the  Swissmedic  Authority  certifying  that  NAIE’s  expanded  facilities  conform  to  GMP.  In 
January  2013,  following  the  additional  upgrade  of  NAIE’s  manufacturing  facilities  to  include  the  manufacture  of 
pharmaceuticals,  NAIE  obtained  an  additional  pharmaceutical  approval  from  the  Swissmedic  Authority  certifying  that 
NAIE’s  upgraded  facilities  conform  to  GMP.  We  believe  these  licenses  and  NAIE’s  manufacturing  capabilities  help 
strengthen our relationships with existing customers and improve our ability to develop relationships with new customers. 
Our Swissmedic licenses are valid until February 2019.  

In addition to our operations in the U.S. and Switzerland, we have had a representative in Japan for many years who provides 
a range of services to our customers currently present in or seeking to expand into the Japanese market and other markets in 
the Pacific Rim. These services include regulatory and marketing assistance along with guidance and support in adapting 
products to these markets.  

Business Strategy  

Our goals are to achieve long-term growth and profitability and to diversify our sales base. To accomplish these goals, we 
have and intend to continue to seek to do the following:  

• 

leverage our state-of-the-art, certified facilities to increase the value of the goods and services we provide to our 
highly  valued  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customers  and  assist  in  developing  relationships  with
additional quality oriented customers;  

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expand the commercialization of our beta-alanine patent estate through raw material sales, introduction of new
products,  new  contract  manufacturing  opportunities,  license  and  sub-license  agreements,  and  protecting  our 
proprietary rights;  

provide strategic partnering services to our private-label contract manufacturing customers, as described below 
under “Products, Principal Markets and Methods of Distribution”; and  

• 

improve operational efficiencies and manage costs and business risks to improve profitability. 

Overall, we believe there is an opportunity to enhance consumer confidence in the quality of our nutritional supplements and 
their adherence to label claims through the education provided by direct sales and direct-to-consumer marketing programs. 
We  believe  our  GMP  and  TGA  certified  manufacturing  operations,  science  based  product  formulations,  peer-reviewed 
clinical studies and regulatory expertise provide us with a sustainable competitive advantage by providing our customers with 
a high degree of confidence in the products we manufacture.  

While today’s consumer may have access to a variety of information, we believe many consumers remain uneducated about 
nutrition and nutritional supplementation, uncertain about the relevance or reliability of the information available to them, or 
confused about conflicting claims or information. We believe this state of the market creates a significant opportunity for the 
direct sales marketing channel. The direct sales marketing channel has proved, and we believe will continue to prove, to be 
a  highly  effective  method  for  marketing  high-quality  nutritional  supplements  as  associates  or  other  individuals  educate 
consumers  on  the  benefits  of  science  based  nutritional  supplements.  Our  largest  customers  operate  in  the  direct  sales 
marketing  channel.  Thus,  the  majority  of  our  business  has  relied  primarily  on  the  effectiveness  of  our  customers  in  this 
marketing channel.  

We also believe there is significant opportunity with the commercialization of our patent estate through the introduction of 
CarnoSyn® beta-alanine into additional markets and with the introduction of new beta-alanine product offerings. Currently, 
a majority of our sales of CarnoSyn® are to companies that operate in the sports nutrition channel and are focused on products 
containing the instant release form of beta-alanine. We believe that there are several other markets and distribution channels 
that represent growth opportunities for the distribution of CarnoSyn® beta-alanine. We have also recently introduced SR 
CarnoSyn®, which we believe is a superior form of beta-alanine based on its sustained release profile that allows for increased 
daily dosing and improved muscle retention of carnosine. We believe the introduction of SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine is an 
important step in the further commercialization of our patent estate and is even more important because our patents related 
to instant release beta-alanine expire in August 2017 while our patents for SR CarnoSyn® extend through 2026. 

We believe our comprehensive approach to customer service is unique within our industry. We believe this comprehensive 
approach, together with our commitment to high quality, product development and manufacturing capabilities, will provide 
the means to implement our strategies and achieve our goals. There can be no assurance, however, that we will successfully 
implement any of our business strategies or that we will increase or diversify our sales, successfully commercialize our patent 
estate, or improve our overall financial results.  

Products, Principal Markets and Methods of Distribution  

Our  primary  business  activity  is  to  provide  private-label  contract  manufacturing  services  to  companies  that  market  and 
distribute vitamins, minerals, herbs, and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers 
both  within  and  outside  the  U.S.  Our  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customers  include  companies  that  market 
nutritional supplements through direct sales marketing channels, direct response television and retail stores. We manufacture 
products in a variety of forms, including capsules, tablets, chewable wafers, and powders to accommodate a variety of our 
customer’s preferences.  

We provide strategic partnering services to our private-label contract manufacturing customers, including the following:  

• 

• 

customized product formulation;  

clinical studies;  

•  manufacturing;  

•  marketing support;  

• 

international regulatory and label law compliance;  

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• 

• 

international product registration; and  

packaging in multiple formats and labeling design.  

We  also  seek  to  commercialize  our  patent  and  trademark  through  direct  distribution  and  sale  of  CarnoSyn®  and  SR 
CarnoSyn®, new contract manufacturing opportunities, and various license and similar arrangements.  

For the last two fiscal years ended June 30, our net sales were derived from the following (in thousands):  

Private-label Contract Manufacturing ..................   $
Patent and Trademark Licensing ..........................    
Branded Products .................................................    
Total Net Sales ..........................................   $

Research and Development  

2016

$

92,420     
21,781     
-     
114,201     

%

$ 

%

2015

81    $ 
19      
-      
100    $ 

69,670      
9,140      
698      
79,508      

88 
11 
1 
100 

We are committed to quality research and development. We focus on the development of new science based products and 
the improvement of existing products. We periodically test and validate our products to help ensure their stability, potency, 
efficacy and safety. We maintain quality control procedures to verify that our products comply with applicable specifications 
and standards established by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. We also direct and participate in clinical research studies, 
often in collaboration with scientists and research institutions, to validate the benefits of a product and provide scientific 
support for product claims and marketing initiatives. We believe our commitment to research and development, as well as 
our facilities and strategic alliances with our suppliers and customers, allow us to effectively identify, develop and market 
high-quality and innovative products.  

As  part  of  the  services  we  provide  to  our  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customers,  we  may  perform,  but  are  not 
required to perform, certain research and development activities related to the development or improvement of their products. 
While our customers often do not pay directly for this service, the cost of this service is included as a component of the price 
we charge to manufacture and deliver their products. Research and development costs, which include costs associated with 
international regulatory compliance services we provide to our customers, are expensed as incurred.  

Our research and development expenses for the last two fiscal years ended June 30 remained consistent at $1.1 million in 
each fiscal period.  

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials  

We use raw materials in our operations including powders, excipients, empty capsules, and components for packaging and 
distributing  our  finished  products.  In  addition,  the  commercialization  of  our  beta-alanine  patent  estate  depends  on  the 
availability  of  the  raw  material  beta-alanine.  We  conduct  identity  testing  for  all  raw  materials  we  purchase  and,  on  a 
predetermined testing protocol basis, we evaluate raw materials to ensure their quality, purity and potency before we use 
them in our products. We typically buy raw materials in bulk from qualified vendors located both within and outside the U.S. 
During fiscal 2016, we did not have any suppliers that represented more than 10% of our total raw material purchases.  

Our contract manufacturing business did not experience any significant shortages or difficulties obtaining adequate supplies 
of raw materials during fiscal 2016. However, there continues to be significant pricing pressures associated with various 
vitamins, minerals and herbs in the raw material marketplace. In early March 2011, the factory that produces the major supply 
of beta-alanine sold under our CarnoSyn® trade name was damaged as a result of the massive earthquake off the coast of 
Sendai, Japan resulting in a significant beta-alanine supply interruption. While this Japanese factory resumed operations in 
June 2011 and was able to produce beta-alanine at historical levels during fiscal 2012, there is no assurance this or any other 
facility will not incur future production interruptions as a result of causes outside our control. Throughout fiscal 2017, we 
expect to continue to experience difficulties in sourcing various raw materials as a result of worldwide shortages, and other 
supply constraints. We also believe raw material and product cost pricing pressures will continue throughout fiscal 2017 as 
a result of limited supplies of various ingredients and the effects of higher labor and transportation costs.  

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Customers  

We have two private-label contract manufacturing customers that individually represent more than 10% of our consolidated 
net sales. The loss of any one of these customers could result in a significant negative impact to our financial position and 
results of operations. We continue to focus on obtaining new private-label contract manufacturing customers to reduce the 
risks associated with deriving a significant portion of our sales from a limited number of customers.  

Competition  

We  compete  with  other  manufacturers,  distributors  and  marketers  of  vitamins,  minerals,  herbs,  and  other  nutritional 
supplements both within and outside the U.S. The nutritional supplement industry is highly fragmented and competition for 
the sale of nutritional supplements comes from many sources. These products are sold primarily through retailers (drug store 
chains, supermarkets, and mass market discount retailers), health and natural food stores, and direct sales channels (network 
marketing, internet marketing and mail order).  

We believe private-label contract manufacturing competition in our industry is based on, among other things, customized 
services offered, product quality and safety, innovation, price and customer service. We believe we compete favorably with 
other  companies  because  of  our  ability  to  provide  comprehensive  solutions  for  customers,  our  certified  manufacturing 
operations, our commitment to quality and safety, and our research and development activities.  

Our  future  competitive  position  for  private-label  contract  manufacturing  and  patent  and  trademark  licensing  will  likely 
depend on, but not be limited to, the following:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the continued acceptance of our products by our customers and consumers;  

our ability to protect our proprietary rights in our patent estate and the continued validity of such patents;  

our ability to successfully expand our product offerings related to our patent and trademark estate; 

our ability to maintain adequate inventory levels to meet our customer’s demands; 

our ability to expand;  

our ability to continue to manufacture high quality products at competitive prices;  

our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;  

the effect of any future governmental regulations on our products and business;  

the results of, and publicity from, product safety and performance studies performed by governments and other
research institutions;  

the continued growth of the global nutrition industry; and  

our ability to respond to changes within the industry and consumer demand, financially and otherwise.  

The nutritional supplement industry is highly competitive and we expect the level of competition to remain high over the 
near term. We do not believe it is possible to accurately estimate the total number or size of our competitors. The nutritional 
supplement industry has undergone consolidation in the recent past and we expect that trend may continue in the near term.  

Government Regulation  

Our business is subject to varying degrees of regulation by a number of government authorities in the U.S., including the 
FDA, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
and the Environmental Protection Agency. Various state and local agencies where we operate and in which our products are 
sold also regulate our business, such as the California Department of Health Services, Food and Drug Branch. The areas of 
our business these and other authorities regulate include, among others:  

• 

product claims and advertising;  

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• 

• 

• 

product labels;  

product ingredients; and  

how we manufacture, package, distribute, import, export, sell and store our products.  

The FDA, in particular, regulates the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, storage, labeling, promotion, distribution and 
sale of vitamins and other nutritional supplements in the U.S., while the FTC regulates marketing and advertising claims. In 
August 2007, a new rule issued by the FDA went into effect requiring companies that manufacture, package, label, distribute 
or hold nutritional supplements to meet certain GMP’s to ensure such products are of the quality specified and are properly 
packaged and labeled. We are committed to meeting or exceeding the standards set by the FDA and believe we are currently 
operating within the FDA mandated GMP.  

The FDA also regulates the labeling and marketing of dietary supplements and nutritional products, including the following:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the identification of dietary supplements or nutritional products and their nutrition and ingredient labeling;  

requirements related to the wording used for claims about nutrients, health claims, and statements of nutritional
support;  

labeling requirements for dietary supplements or nutritional products for which “high potency” and “antioxidant”
claims are made;  

notification procedures for statements on dietary supplements or nutritional products; and  

premarket notification procedures for new dietary ingredients in nutritional supplements.  

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) revised the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and 
Cosmetic Act concerning the composition and labeling of dietary supplements and defined dietary supplements to include 
vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids and other dietary substances. DSHEA generally provides a regulatory framework to 
help ensure safe, quality dietary supplements and the dissemination of accurate information about such products. The FDA 
is  generally prohibited from  regulating  active  ingredients in dietary  supplements  as  drugs unless product  claims,  such  as 
claims that a product may heal, mitigate, cure or prevent an illness, disease or malady, trigger drug status.  

In December 2006, the Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act was passed, which further 
revised  the  provisions  of  the  Federal  Food,  Drug  and  Cosmetic  Act.  Under  the  act, manufacturers,  packers  or 
distributors whose name appears on the product label of a dietary supplement or nonprescription drug are required to include 
contact information on the product label for consumers to use in reporting adverse events associated with the product’s use 
and for us to notify the FDA of any serious adverse event report within 15 business days of receiving such report. Events 
reported to the FDA would not be considered an admission from a company that its product caused or contributed to the 
reported event. We are committed to meeting or exceeding the requirements of this Act.  

We are also subject to a variety of other regulations in the U.S., including those relating to bioterrorism, taxes, labor and 
employment,  import  and  export,  the  environment  and  intellectual  property.  All  of  these  regulations  require  significant 
financial and operational resources to ensure compliance, and we cannot assure you we will always be in compliance despite 
our best efforts to do so. 

Our operations outside the U.S. are similarly regulated by various agencies and entities in the countries in which we operate 
and in which our products are sold. The regulations of these countries may conflict with those in the U.S. and may vary from 
country  to  country.  The  sale  of  our  products  in  certain  European  countries  is  subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the 
European Union, which may be interpreted differently among the countries within the European Union. In other markets 
outside the U.S., we may be required to obtain approvals, licenses or certifications from a country’s ministry of health or 
comparable agency before we begin operations or the marketing of products in that country. Approvals or licenses may be 
conditioned on reformulation of our products for a particular market or may be unavailable for certain products or product 
ingredients. These regulations may limit our ability to enter certain markets outside the U.S. As with the costs of regulatory 
compliance in the U.S., foreign regulations require significant financial and operational resources to ensure compliance, and 
we cannot assure you we will always be in compliance despite our best efforts to do so. Our failure to maintain regulatory 
compliance within and outside the U.S. could impact our ability to sell our products and thus, adversely impact our financial 
position and results of operations. 

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Intellectual Property  

Trademarks. We have developed and use registered trademarks in our business, particularly relating to corporate, brand and 
product  names.  We  own  30  trademark  registrations,  including  thirteen  incontestable  registrations,  in  the  U.S.  Federal 
registration of a trademark affords the owner nationwide exclusive trademark rights in the registered mark and the ability to 
prevent others from using the same or similar marks. However, to the extent a common law user has made prior use of the 
mark in connection with similar goods or services in a particular geographic area, the nationwide rights conferred by federal 
registration can be subject to that user’s rights in that geographic area.  

We  have  sixteen  foreign  trademark  registrations.   One  trademark  is  registered with  the Australian  Patent  and  Trademark 
Office, two with the Canadian Patent and Trademark Office, two with the Chinese Patent and Trademark Office, two with 
the Trademarks and Designs Registration Office of the European Union, two with the Hong Kong Patent and Trademark 
Office, three with the Japanese Patent and Trademark Office, two with the South Korean Patent and Trademark Office, and 
two with the Swiss Patent and Trademark Office.  We currently have no additional trademark applications pending in any 
other jurisdictions outside of the United States. We also claim common law ownership and protection of certain unregistered 
trademarks and service marks. Trademark rights are based on use of a mark. Common law use of a mark offers protection of 
a  mark  within  the  particular  geographic  area  in  which  it  is used.  We  believe  our  registered  and  unregistered  trademarks 
constitute  valuable  assets,  adding  to  the  recognition  of  our  products  and  services  in  the  marketplace.  These  and  other 
proprietary rights have been and will continue to be important in enabling us to compete; however, we cannot assure you that 
our future trademark applications will be granted or our current trademarks will be maintained.  

Trade  Secrets.  We  own  certain  intellectual  property,  including  trade  secrets,  which  we  seek  to  protect,  in  part,  through 
confidentiality agreements with employees and other parties. We regard our proprietary technology, trade secrets, trademarks 
and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of trade secrets, contract, patent, 
copyright and trademark law to establish and protect the rights in our products and technology. The laws of certain foreign 
countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.  

Patents  and  Patent  Licenses.  We  currently  own  fourteen  U.S.  patents  and  thirty-two  corresponding  patents  registered  in 
countries throughout North America, Europe and Asia. We also have pending applications in several countries. All of these 
patents and patent rights relate to the ingredient known as beta-alanine. Certain of these patents were assigned to NAI and 
we make certain ongoing royalty payments to the prior owners of the patents. We also license rights to certain uses that are 
covered by the patents to the prior owners. The royalty payments and license continue until the expiration of the patents. We 
also sell beta-alanine, and license our patent and trademark rights related to beta-alanine. Twenty-four of our patents expire 
in 2017, 1 patent expires in 2024 and twenty-one patents expire in 2026. 

Beginning in fiscal 2009, the licensing, raw material sales, and revenues we have received associated with the sale and license 
of beta-alanine under the CarnoSyn® trade name have grown steadily from $515,000 in fiscal 2009 to $21.8 million in fiscal 
2016. During fiscal 2016, our revenues included $235,000 of royalties and $21.6 million related to the direct sale of beta-
alanine. We incurred intellectual property litigation and patent compliance expenses of approximately $2.0 million during 
fiscal 2016 primarily in connection with our efforts to protect our proprietary rights and patent estate. We expect to continue 
to incur these types of litigation expenses during fiscal 2017. 

Employees  

As of June 30, 2016, we employed 177 full-time employees in the U.S., three of whom held executive management positions. 
Of  the  remaining  full-time  employees,  39  were  employed  in  research,  laboratory  and  quality  control,  16  in  sales  and 
marketing, and 119 in manufacturing and administration. From time to time we use temporary personnel to help us meet 
short-term operating requirements. These positions typically are in manufacturing and manufacturing support. As of June 30, 
2016, we had 39 temporary personnel.  

As  of  June 30,  2016,  NAIE  employed  an  additional  42  full-time  employees  and  27  temporary  personnel.  Most  of  these 
positions were in the areas of manufacturing and manufacturing support.  

Our employees are not represented by a collective bargaining agreement and we have not experienced any work stoppages 
as a result of labor disputes. We believe our relationship with our employees is good.  

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Seasonality  

Although we believe there is little if any material impact on our business or results of operations from seasonal factors, we 
have experienced and expect to continue to experience variations in quarterly net sales due to the timing of private-label 
contract manufacturing and CarnoSyn® beta-alanine raw material orders.  

Financial Information about Our Business Segments and Geographic Areas  

Our operations are comprised of three reportable segments:  

• 

Private-label contract manufacturing, in which we primarily provide manufacturing services to companies that 
market and distribute nutritional supplements and other health care products. 

•  Royalty,  licensing,  and  raw  material  sales  associated  with  the  sale  and  license  of  beta-alanine  under  our 

CarnoSyn® trademark.  

•  Branded  products,  in  which  we  marketed  and  distributed  branded  nutritional  supplements  through  direct-to-
consumer marketing programs, and under which we developed, manufactured and marketed our own products
and worked with nationally recognized persons to develop brand name products that reflected their individual 
approach to restoring, maintaining or improving health. We discontinued the sole remaining product line in this
segment effective September 15, 2014. All termination activities related to the last remaining product line were 
substantially completed by December 31, 2014. We did not change the financial presentation in this report to
reflect the branded products segment as “Discontinued Operations” as the wind down of this product line did not
meet  the  criteria  for  discontinued  operations  presentation  as  prescribed  by  applicable  accounting  regulations
(ASC 205-20). 

Our private-label contract manufacturing products are sold both in the U.S. and in markets outside the U.S., including Europe, 
Australia and Asia, as well as Canada, Mexico and South Africa. Our primary market outside the U.S. is Europe. Our patent 
and trademark licensing activities are primarily based in the U.S.  

For additional financial information, including financial information about our business segment and geographic areas, please 
see the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included under 
Item 8 of this report.  

Our activities in markets outside the U.S. are subject to political, economic and other risks in the countries in which our 
products are sold and in which we operate. For more information about these and other risks, please see Item 1A in this 
report.  

ITEM 1A. 

RISK FACTORS 

You should carefully review and consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this report and in 
other  reports  and  documents  we  file  with  the  SEC  when  evaluating  our  business  and  future  prospects.  The  risks  and 
uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties, not presently known to us, 
or that we currently see as immaterial, may also occur. If any of the following risks or any additional risks and uncertainties 
actually occur or become material, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In 
that event, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or a portion of the value of your 
investment  in our  common stock.  You  should  not draw  any  inference as  to  the magnitude of any  particular  risk  from  its 
position in the following discussion.  

Because  we derive  a  significant  portion  of  our  revenues  from a  limited  number  of customers, our  revenues  would  be 
adversely  affected  by  the  loss  of a  major  customer or a significant  change  in  its  business,  personnel  or  the  timing or 
amount of its orders.  

We have in the past and expect to continue to derive a significant portion of our revenues from a relatively limited number 
of customers. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, sales to our largest customer, The Juice Plus+ Company, were 
approximately 43% of our consolidated net sales. We also have one other private-label contract manufacturing customer that 
represented 12% of our consolidated net sales. No other customers represented more than 10% of our consolidated net sales. 
The loss of one of these customers or other major customers, a significant decrease in sales to these customers, or a significant 
change in their business or personnel, could materially affect our financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore,  

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the timing of our customers’ orders is impacted by, among others, their marketing programs, customer demand, supply chain 
management, entry into new markets and new product introductions, all of which are outside of our control. All of these 
attributes have had and are expected to have a significant impact on our business. 

Our future growth and stability depends, in part, on our ability to diversify our sales. Our efforts to establish new sales 
from existing customers and new customers could require significant initial investments, which may or may not result in 
higher sales and improved financial results.  

Our  business  strategy  depends  in  large  part  on  our  ability  to  develop  new  product  sales  from  current  and  new  customer 
relationships.  These  activities  often  require  a  significant  up-front  investment  including,  among  others,  customized 
formulations, regulatory compliance, product registrations, package design, product testing, pilot production runs, and the 
build-up of initial inventory. We may experience significant delays from the time we increase our operating expenses and 
make investments in inventory until the time we generate net sales from new products or customers, and it is possible that 
we  may  not  generate  material  revenue  from  new  products  or  customers  after  incurring  such  expenditures.  If  we  incur 
significant expenses and investments in inventory that we are not able to recover, and we are not able to compensate for those 
expenses, our operating results could be adversely affected.  

We currently derive significant revenues and income from sales of beta-alanine and licensing our patents that expire in 
August 2017. Our ability to maintain or grow our sales of beta-alanine and license revenue from our other patents is 
contingent on our ability to commercialize the sale of beta-alanine under our SR Carnosyn® trademark and maintain or 
grow our license revenue from our other patents, which does not expire until 2026. 

We own multiple patents and trademarks related to the use of beta-alanine in food and nutritional supplements. A majority 
of our revenue and income from this segment is currently derived from activity related to licensing our patents associated 
with instant release beta-alanine, sold under our trade name CarnoSyn®. Our patents related to instant release CarnoSyn® 
expire in August 2017. While we believe there will be a certain portion of the market that still sees value in utilizing our 
CarnoSyn® trade name, we anticipate we will be required to reduce our sales price, and license fees in order to compete with 
generic beta-alanine sources.  

We have recently introduced SR CarnoSyn®, which we believe is a superior form of beta-alanine based on its sustained 
release profile that allows for increased daily dosing and improved muscle retention of carnosine. Our patents related to SR 
CarnoSyn® extend through 2026 and we believe the introduction of SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine is an important step in the 
further  commercialization of our patent  estate.  There  can be no  assurance  we  will be  successful  in getting  the  market  to 
transition to this new form of beta-alanine or we will be successful launching new products utilizing SR CarnoSyn® beta-
alanine in former and new product channels and markets. If we are not successful it could have a material adverse effect on 
our business, results of operations, and financial condition. 

We have incurred, and may continue to incur significant costs defending our intellectual property. We may be unable to 
protect our intellectual property rights or may inadvertently infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.  

We possess and may possess in the future certain proprietary technology, trade secrets, trademarks, trade names, licenses, 
patents and similar intellectual property. We may continue to incur significant patent and trademark litigation costs associated 
with defending this intellectual property. During fiscal 2016, we incurred approximately $2.0 million in patent litigation and 
prosecution expense and may incur significant similar expenses during fiscal 2017. These efforts are described in more detail 
under Item 3 of this report. There is no assurance we will be able to protect our intellectual property adequately or that our 
intellectual property rights will be upheld. If pending legal proceedings to invalidate our patent rights are successful, they 
could have a material adverse impact upon our financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the laws of certain 
foreign  countries  may  not  protect  our  intellectual  property  rights  to  the  same  extent  as  the  laws  of  the  U.S.  Additional 
litigation in the U.S. or abroad may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and 
scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement. Such litigation, even if successful, could 
result in substantial additional costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
results of operations and financial condition. If such infringement claims are asserted against us, we may seek to obtain a 
license under the third party’s intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance a license would be available on terms 
acceptable or favorable to us, if at all. 

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Our operating results will vary. We have experienced a decline in net sales and incurred losses in past years and there is 
no guarantee our sales will improve or we will earn a profit in future years. Fluctuations in our operating results may 
adversely affect the share price of our common stock.  

Our net sales increased during fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015 but there can be no assurance our net sales will continue 
to improve in the near term, or we will earn a profit in any given year. We have experienced net losses in the past and may 
incur losses in the future. Our operating results may fluctuate from year to year and/or from quarter to quarter due to various 
factors including differences related to the timing of revenues and expenses for financial reporting purposes and other factors 
described in this report. At times, these fluctuations may be significant. We anticipate generating positive net income in fiscal 
2017, although there is no assurance we will be able to do so. Fluctuations in our operating results may adversely affect the 
share price of our common stock.  

Our products and manufacturing activities are subject to extensive government regulation, which could limit or prevent 
the sale of our products in some markets and could increase our costs.  

The  manufacturing,  packaging,  labeling,  advertising,  promotion,  distribution,  and  sale  of  our  products  are  subject  to 
regulation by numerous national and local governmental agencies in the U.S. and in other countries. For example, we are 
required to comply with certain GMP and incur costs associated with the audit and certification of our facilities. Failure to 
comply with governmental regulations may result in, among other things, injunctions, product withdrawals, recalls, product 
seizures, fines, and criminal prosecutions. Any action of this type by a governmental agency could materially adversely affect 
our ability to successfully market our products and services. In addition, if the governmental agency has reason to believe the 
law is being violated (for example, if it believes we do not possess adequate substantiation for product claims), it can initiate 
an enforcement action. Governmental agency enforcement could result in orders requiring, among other things, limits on 
advertising, consumer redress, divestiture of assets, rescission of contracts, and such other relief as may be deemed necessary. 
Violation of these orders could result in substantial financial or other penalties. Any action by a governmental agency could 
materially adversely affect our ability and our customers’ ability to successfully market and continue selling those products.  

Before  commencing  operations  of  marketing  our  products  in  markets  outside  the  U.S.,  we  may  be  required  to  obtain 
approvals, licenses, or certifications from a country’s ministry of health or comparable agency. Approvals or licensing may 
be conditioned on reformulation of products or may be unavailable with respect to certain products or product ingredients. 
We must also comply with product labeling and packaging regulations that vary from country to country. Furthermore, the 
regulations of these countries may conflict with those in the U.S. and with each other. The sale of our products in certain 
European countries is subject to the rules and regulations of the European Union, which may be interpreted differently among 
the countries within the European Union. The cost of complying with these various and potentially conflicting regulations 
can be substantial and could adversely affect our results of operations.  

We cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations, or applications, nor can we determine what 
effect  additional  governmental  regulations,  when  and  if  adopted,  would  have  on  our  business.  They  could  include 
requirements for the reformulation of certain products to meet new standards, the recall or discontinuance of certain products, 
additional  compliance  costs  or  record  keeping  requirements,  expanded  or  different  labeling,  and  additional  scientific 
substantiation. Any or all of these requirements could have a material adverse effect on our operations.  

A significant or prolonged economic downturn, such as the one the global economy has recently experienced, could have, 
and recently has had, a material adverse effect on our results of operations.  

Our results of operations are affected by the level of business activity of our customers and licensees, which in turn is affected 
by the level of consumer demand for their products. A significant or prolonged economic downturn may adversely affect the 
disposable income of many consumers and may lower demand for the products we produce for our private-label contract 
manufacturing  customers  and  products  sold  or  manufactured  by  others  using  our  licensed  patent  rights.  Any  decline  in 
economic conditions in the U.S. and the various foreign markets in which our customers operate could negatively impact our 
customers’ businesses and our operations. A renewed or further decline in consumer demand and the level of business activity 
of our customers due to economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profit margins.  

The failure of our suppliers to supply quality materials in sufficient quantities, at a favorable price, and in a timely fashion 
could adversely affect the results of our operations.  

We buy our raw  materials  from  a  limited  number of  suppliers. During  fiscal  2016  and fiscal  2015, we  did not have  any 
suppliers that represented more than 10% of our raw material purchases. Still, the loss of any of our major suppliers or of a 
supplier that provides any hard to obtain materials could adversely affect our business operations. Although we believe we  

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could establish alternate sources for most of our raw materials, any delay in locating and establishing relationships with other 
sources could result in product shortages, with a resulting loss of sales and customers. In certain situations we may be required 
to alter our products or with our customer’s consent to substitute different materials from alternative sources.  

A shortage of raw materials or an unexpected interruption of supply could also result in higher prices for those materials. 
Since fiscal 2009, we have experienced increases in various raw material costs, transportation costs and the cost of petroleum 
based raw materials and packaging supplies used in our business. Increasing raw material and product cost pricing pressures 
have continued throughout fiscal 2016 as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients and the effects of higher labor 
and transportation costs. We expect these pressures to continue through fiscal 2017. Although we may be able to raise our 
prices in response to significant increases in the cost of raw materials, we may not be able to raise prices sufficiently or 
quickly enough to offset negative effects of cost increases on our results of operations or financial condition.  

There can be no assurance suppliers will provide the quality raw materials needed by us in the quantities requested or at a 
price we are willing to pay. Because we do not control the actual production of these raw materials, we are also subject to 
delays  caused  by  interruption  in  production  of  materials  based  on  conditions  outside  of  our  control,  including  weather, 
transportation interruptions, strikes, natural disasters, or other catastrophic events.  

In addition, our efforts to commercialize our patent estate and the revenues we receive from related supply agreements, are 
substantially  dependent  on  the  availability  of  the  raw  material  beta-alanine  and  sales  of  such  raw  material  or  products 
incorporating such raw material. The availability of beta-alanine, and thus sales of such raw material and products using such 
material, would be negatively impacted by any shortages, interruptions and similar risks described above, which could in turn 
adversely affect the amount of revenue and product margin we earn from the sale of beta-alanine. In early March 2011, the 
factory that produces a major supply of beta-alanine sold under our CarnoSyn® trade name was damaged as a result of the 
massive earthquake off the coast of Sendai, Japan resulting in a significant beta-alanine supply interruption. As a result, our 
fiscal 2011 fourth quarter beta-alanine licensing revenue declined 85% from the preceding quarter ended March 31, 2011. 
While this Japanese factory resumed operations in June 2011 and is producing beta-alanine at historical levels, there is no 
assurance this or any other facility will not incur future production interruptions as a result of additional environmental or 
other causes outside our control.  

Our industry is highly competitive and we may be unable to compete effectively. Increased competition could adversely 
affect our financial condition.  

The market for our products, and those of our customers, is highly competitive. Many of our competitors are substantially 
larger and have greater financial resources and broader name recognition than we do. Our larger competitors may be able to 
devote  greater  resources  to  research  and  development,  marketing  and  other  activities  that  could  provide  them  with  a 
competitive advantage. Our market has relatively low entry barriers and is highly sensitive to the introduction of new products 
that may rapidly capture a significant market share. Our competitors may not stress the level of quality we provide and could 
manufacture at lower costs, they are largely private and not subject to the same disclosure requirements of us as a publicly 
traded company. Increased competition could result in price reductions, reduced gross profit margins or loss of market share, 
any  of  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  There  can  be  no 
assurance that we will be able to compete in this intensely competitive environment.  

We could be exposed to product liability claims or other litigation, which may be costly and could materially adversely 
affect our operations.  

We could face financial liability due to product liability claims if the use of our products results in significant loss or injury. 
Additionally,  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  our  products  involves  the  risk  of  injury  to  consumers  from  tampering  by 
unauthorized  third  parties  or  product  contamination.  We  could  be  exposed  to  future  product  liability  claims  that,  among 
others:  our  products  contain  contaminants;  we  provide  consumers  with  inadequate  instructions  about  product  use;  or  we 
provide  inadequate  warning  about  side  effects  or  interactions  of  our  products  with  other  substances.  Even  if  we  were  to 
prevail in any such claims, the cost of litigation and settlement could be significant.  

We maintain product liability insurance coverage, including primary product liability and excess liability coverage. The cost 
of  this  coverage  has  increased  dramatically  in  recent  years,  while  the  availability  of  adequate  insurance  coverage  has 
decreased. While we expect to be able to continue our product liability insurance, there can be no assurance we will in fact 
be able to continue such insurance coverage, or that our insurance will be adequate to cover any liability we may incur, or 
our insurance will continue to be available at an economically reasonable cost.  

13 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Additionally,  it  is  possible  one  or  more  of  our  insurers  could  exclude  from  our  coverage  certain  ingredients  used  in  our 
products. In such event, we may have to stop using those ingredients or rely on indemnification or similar arrangements with 
our  customers  who wish  to  continue  to  include  those  ingredients  in  their  products.  A substantial  increase  in our  product 
liability risk or the loss of customers or product lines could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and 
financial condition.  

If we or our private-label contract manufacturing customers expand into additional markets outside the U.S. or our or 
their sales in markets outside the U.S. increase, our business could become increasingly subject to political, economic, 
regulatory and other risks in those markets, which could adversely affect our business.  

Our future growth may depend, in part, on our ability and the ability of our private-label contract manufacturing customers 
to expand into additional markets outside the U.S. or to improve sales in markets outside the U.S. There can be no assurance 
we or our customers will be able to expand in existing markets outside the U.S. or enter new markets on a timely basis, or 
that new markets outside the U.S. will be profitable. There are significant regulatory and legal barriers in markets outside the 
U.S. that must be overcome to operate in such markets. We will be subject to the burden of complying with a wide variety of 
national and local laws, including multiple and possibly overlapping and conflicting laws. We also may experience difficulties 
adapting  to  new  cultures,  business  customs  and  legal  systems.  Our  sales  and  operations  outside  the  U.S.  are  subject  to 
political, economic and social uncertainties including, among others:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

changes and limits in import and export controls;  

increases in custom duties and tariffs;  

changes in government regulations and laws;  

coordination of geographically separated locations;  

absence in some jurisdictions of effective laws to protect our intellectual property rights;  

changes in currency exchange rates;  

economic and political instability; and  

currency  transfer  and  other  restrictions  and  regulations  that  may  limit  our  ability  to  sell  certain  products  or
repatriate profits to the U.S.  

Any changes related to these and other factors could adversely affect our business, profitability and growth prospects. If we 
or our customers expand into additional markets outside the U.S. or improve sales in markets outside the U.S., these and 
other risks associated with operations outside the U.S. may increase.  

Our business is subject to the effects of adverse publicity, which could negatively affect our sales and revenues.  

Our business can be affected by adverse publicity or negative public perception about our industry, our competitors, our 
customers, or our  industry  generally. Adverse publicity  may  include  publicity  about the nutritional supplements  industry 
generally, the efficacy, safety and quality of nutritional supplements and other health care products or ingredients in general 
or our products or ingredients specifically, and regulatory investigations, regardless of whether these investigations involve 
us  or  the  business  practices  or  products  of  our  competitors,  or  our  customers.  Any  adverse  publicity  or  negative  public 
perception could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business, 
financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  could  be  adversely  affected  if  any  of  our  products  or  any  similar  products 
distributed by  other  companies  are  alleged to  be or  are  proved  to be harmful  to  consumers  or  to  have  unanticipated  and 
unwanted health consequences.  

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified management personnel, our business may suffer.  

Our executive officers and other management personnel are primarily responsible for our day-to-day operations. We believe 
our  success  depends  largely  on  our  ability  to  attract,  maintain  and  motivate  highly  qualified  management  personnel. 
Competition for qualified individuals can be intense, has been increasing in recent years, and we may not be able to hire 
additional qualified personnel in a timely manner or on terms that would not substantially increase our costs. Our inability to 
retain  a  skilled  professional  management  team  could  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  successfully  execute  our  business 
strategies and achieve our goals.  

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Our manufacturing and third party fulfillment activities are subject to certain risks.  

We manufacture the vast majority of our products at our manufacturing facility in California. As a result, we are dependent 
on  the  uninterrupted  and  efficient  operation  of  this  facility.  Our  manufacturing  operations  are  subject  to  power  failures, 
blackouts, the breakdown, failure or substandard performance of our leased facilities, our equipment, the improper installation 
or  operation  of  equipment,  natural  or  other  disasters,  and  the  need  to  comply  with  the  requirements  or  directives  of 
governmental agencies, including the FDA. In addition, we may in the future determine to expand or relocate our facilities, 
which  may  result  in  slowdowns  or  delays  in  our  operations.  While  we  have  implemented  and  are  evaluating  various 
emergency, contingency and disaster recovery plans and maintain business interruption insurance, there can be no assurance 
the occurrence of these or any other operational problems at our facilities in California or at NAIE’s facility in Switzerland 
would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, there 
can be no assurance our contingency plans will prove to be adequate or successful if needed or our insurance will continue 
to be available at a reasonable cost or, if available, will be adequate to cover any losses that we may incur from an interruption 
in our manufacturing and distribution operations. 

We  outsource  our  beta-alanine  fulfillment  and  distribution  activities.  The  operation  of  the  third  party  service  provider’s 
facilities is subject to the interruption and similar risks described above for our facilities and there can be no assurance these 
interruptions or any other operational problem at such third party’s facilities would not have a material adverse effect on our 
business, financial condition and results of operations.  

We  may  pursue  acquisitions  of  other  companies  that,  if  not  successful,  could  adversely  affect  our  business,  financial 
condition and results of operations.  

We  may  pursue  acquisitions  of  companies  we  believe  could  complement  or  expand  our  business,  augment  our  market 
coverage, provide us with important relationships or otherwise offer us growth opportunities. Acquisitions involve numerous 
risks, including the following:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

potential difficulties related to integrating the products, personnel and operations of the acquired company;  

failure  to  operate  as  a  combined  organization  utilizing  common  information  and  communication  systems,
operating procedures, financial controls and human resources practices;  

diverting management’s attention from the other daily operations of the business;  

entering markets in which we have no or limited prior direct experience and where competitors in such markets
have stronger market positions;  

potential loss of key employees of the acquired company;  

potential inability to achieve cost savings and other potential benefits expected from the acquisition;  

an uncertain sales and earnings stream from the acquired company; and  

potential  impairment  charges,  which  may  be  significant,  against  goodwill  and  purchased  intangible  assets
acquired in the acquisition due to changes in conditions and circumstances that occur after the acquisition, many
of which may be outside of our control.  

There  can  be  no  assurance  that  acquisitions  we  may  pursue  will  be  successful.  If  we  pursue  an  acquisition  but  are  not 
successful in completing it, or if we complete an acquisition but are not successful in integrating the acquired company’s 
employees, products or operations successfully, our business, financial position or results of operations could be adversely 
affected.  

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Collectively,  our  officers  and  directors  own  a  significant  amount  of  our  common  stock,  giving  them  influence  over 
corporate transactions and other matters and potentially limiting the influence of other stockholders on important policy 
and management issues.  

Our  officers  and  directors,  together  with  their  families  and  affiliates,  beneficially  owned  approximately  23%  of  our 
outstanding shares of common stock as of June 30, 2016, including approximately 17% of our outstanding shares of common 
stock beneficially owned by Mark LeDoux, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and his family and 
affiliates. As a result, our officers and directors, and in particular Mr. LeDoux, could influence such business matters as the 
election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions.  

Various transactions could be delayed, deferred, or prevented without the approval of stockholders, including the following:  

• 

transactions resulting in a change in control;  

•  mergers and acquisitions;  

• 

• 

• 

tender offers;  

election of directors; and  

proxy contests.  

There can be no assurance that conflicts of interest will not arise with respect to the officers and directors who own shares of 
our common stock or that conflicts will be resolved in a manner favorable to us or our other stockholders.  

Business interruptions could limit our ability to operate our business. 

Our operations, including those of our suppliers, are vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, human 
error,  natural  disasters,  telecommunications  failures,  intentional  acts  of  vandalism,  and  similar  events.  While  we  have 
established  a  formal  disaster  recovery  plan,  our  back-up  operations  and  our  business  interruption  insurance  may  not  be 
adequate to compensate us for losses that occur. A significant business interruption could result in losses or damages incurred 
by us and require us to cease or curtail our operations.  

We may not be able to raise additional capital or obtain additional financing if needed.  

It is possible our cash from operations could become insufficient to meet our working capital needs and/or to implement our 
business strategies. In such an event there can be no assurance our existing line of credit would be sufficient to meet our 
working capital needs. Furthermore, if we fail to maintain certain loan covenants we may no longer have access to our credit 
line. Our credit line terminates in January 2019 and there is no guarantee we will be able to extend or renew this credit line 
on favorable terms or at all.  

We may consider issuing additional debt or equity securities in the future to fund potential acquisitions or investments, to 
refinance existing debt, or for general corporate purposes. If we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional 
funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences 
and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we incur additional debt, it may increase our leverage relative 
to our earnings or to our equity capitalization, requiring us to pay additional interest expenses and potentially lower our credit 
ratings. We may not be able to market such issuances on favorable terms, or at all, in which case, if we did not have any 
alternate funds we might not be able to develop or enhance our products, execute our business plan, take advantage of future 
opportunities, respond to competitive pressures or meet unanticipated customer requirements. 

At any given time it could be difficult for us to raise capital due to a variety of factors, some of which may be outside a our 
control, including a tightening of credit markets, overall poor performance of stock markets, and/or an economic slowdown 
in the U.S. or other countries, or in the businesses of our customers. Thus, there is no assurance we would be able to raise 
additional capital if needed. To the extent we do raise additional capital the ownership position of existing stockholders would 
be diluted. Similarly, there can be no assurance additional financing will be available if needed or that it will be available on 
favorable terms. Under the terms of our credit facility, there are limits on our ability to create, incur or assume additional 
indebtedness without the approval of our lender.  

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Our  inability  to  raise  additional  capital  or  to  obtain  additional  financing  if  needed  could  negatively  affect  our  ability  to 
implement our business strategies and meet our goals. This, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and results 
of operations. 

If certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and Delaware law are triggered, the market for our shares 
may decrease.  

Certain  provisions  in  our  Certificate  of  Incorporation,  Bylaws  and  Delaware  corporate  law  may  discourage  unsolicited 
proposals to acquire our business, even if the proposal would benefit our stockholders. Those provisions include one that 
authorizes our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, to issue up to 500,000 shares of preferred stock having such 
rights, preferences, and privileges, including voting rights, as the Board of Directors designates. The rights of our common 
stockholders will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any preferred stock that may be 
issued in the future. Any or all of these provisions could delay, deter or prevent a takeover of our company and could limit 
the price investors are willing to pay for our common stock and the number of investors willing to own our common stock.  

Our stock price could fluctuate significantly.  

Stock prices in general can be volatile and ours is no different. The trading price of our stock may fluctuate in response to 
the following, as well as other, factors:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

broad market fluctuations and general economic and/or political conditions;  

fluctuations in our financial results;  

relatively low trading volumes;  

future offerings of our common stock or other securities;  

the general condition of the nutritional supplement industry;  

increased competition;  

regulatory action;  

adverse publicity;  

•  manipulative or illegal trading practices by third parties; and  

• 

product and other public announcements.  

The stock market has historically experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. There can be no assurance that an 
active market in our stock will continue to exist or that the price of our common stock will not decline. Our future operating 
results may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. If this were to occur, the price of our common 
stock could decline, perhaps substantially.  

From time to time our shares may be listed for trading on one or more foreign exchanges, with or without our prior knowledge 
or consent. Certain foreign exchanges may have less stringent listing requirements, rules and enforcement procedures than 
the Nasdaq Global Market or other markets in the U.S., which may increase the potential for manipulative trading practices 
to occur. These practices, or the perception by investors that such practices could occur, may increase the volatility of our 
stock price or result in a decline in our stock price, which in some cases could be significant.  

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ITEM 2. 

PROPERTIES 

This  table  summarizes  our  facilities  as  of  June 30,  2016.  We  believe  our  facilities  are  adequate  to  meet  our  operating 
requirements for the foreseeable future.  

Location 
San Marcos, CA USA(1) .... NAI corporate headquarters, previous 
Vista, CA USA(2),(3)  .......... Manufacturing, warehousing, packaging and 

Nature of Use 

distribution  

Manno, Switzerland(4)  ....... Manufacturing, warehousing, packaging and 

Carlsbad, CA USA(5) ......... NAI corporate headquarters, new 

distribution 

Square 
Feet

   How Held  

29,500   Leased 

Lease 
Expiration
Date
  August 2016  

162,000   Leased 

  March 2024  

94,217   Leased 
20,981   Owned 

June 2019   
N/A 

(1)  This facility was previously owned and sold during February 2016, and was leased though a sale-leaseback agreement 

through August 2016. The property was vacated during August 2016 

(2)  This facility is used by NAI primarily for its private-label contract manufacturing segment.  

(3)  We use approximately 93,000 square feet for production, 60,000 square feet for warehousing and 9,000 square feet for 

administrative functions.  

(4)  This  facility  is  used  by  NAIE,  our  wholly  owned  Swiss  subsidiary,  in  connection  with  our  private-label  contract 

manufacturing segment.  

(5)  We  purchased  the  Carlsbad  facility  in  March  2016  and  began  to  occupy  as  our  new  corporate  headquarters  during

August 2016.  

ITEM 3. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

From time to time, we become involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary 
course  of  our  business.  These  matters  may  relate  to  intellectual  property,  product  liability,  employment,  tax,  regulation, 
contract or other matters. The resolution of these matters as they arise will be subject to various uncertainties and, even if 
such  claims  are  without  merit,  could  result  in  the  expenditure  of  significant  financial  and  managerial  resources.  While 
unfavorable outcomes are possible, based on available information, we generally do not believe the resolution of these matters 
will result in a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, or results of operations. However, a 
settlement payment or unfavorable outcome could adversely impact our results of operations. Our evaluation of the likely 
impact of these actions could change in the future and we could have unfavorable outcomes we do not expect. 

As of September 19, 2016, except as described below, neither NAI nor its subsidiary were a party to any material pending 
legal proceeding nor was any of our property the subject of any material pending legal proceeding. 

In 2011, NAI filed a lawsuit against Woodbolt Distribution, LLC, also known as Cellucor (“Woodbolt”), and both NAI and 
Woodbolt filed additional lawsuits and countersuits against each other. NAI and Woodbolt subsequently settled all of the 
lawsuits between them, but not before the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) at Woodbolt’s request 
rejected the claims of one NAI patent. The ruling rejecting the claims of one NAI patent was subsequently confirmed by the 
Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) at the USPTO, and that confirmation is presently subject to a request by NAI for a 
rehearing. The NAI Patent rejected by the USPTO expires in August 2017. 

On September 18, 2015, the Company filed a complaint against Creative Compounds, Inc., alleging various claims including 
(1)  violation  of  Section  43  of  the  Lanham  Act,  (2)  violation  of  California's  Unfair  Competition  Law,  (3)  violation  of 
California's  False  Advertising  Law,  (4)  Trade  Libel  and  Business  Disparagement  and  (5)  Intentional  Interference  with 
Prospective Economic Advantage. On October 23, 2015, Creative Compounds filed its answer to the Company's complaint 
denying the Company's allegations. A trial date of September 18, 2017 has been set by the Court. The parties are currently 
engaged in fact discovery. On August 24, 2016, the Company filed a separate complaint against Creative Compounds, Inc., 
alleging infringement of U.S. patent 7,825,084. No answer has been filed. 

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On  July  1,  2016,  the  Company  filed  a  complaint  in  U.S.  District  Court  for  the  Southern  District  of  California  against 
Cenegenics, LLC, alleging infringement of U.S. patents 7,504,376 and 7,825,084. On August 3, 2016, the Company filed an 
amended  complaint  to  assert  infringement  of  the  same  patents  against  Cenegenics'  contract  manufacturer,  Atlantic-Pro 
Nutrients d/b/a Xymogen, LLC. No answer has been filed by either defendant to date. 

On July 6, 2016, the Company filed a complaint against Allmax Nutrition, Inc. in U.S. District Court for the Southern District 
of  California,  alleging  (1)  infringement  of  U.S.  patents  5,965,596,  6,172,098,  7,825,084  and  RE  45,947,  (2)  violation  of 
Section 32 of the Lanham Act, and (3) copyright infringement. No answer has been filed by Allmax to date. 

On  August  2,  2016,  the  Company  filed  a  complaint  against  Muscle  Sports  Products,  LLC  in  U.S.  District  Court  for  the 
Southern District of California, alleging infringement of its CarnoSyn® and CarnoSyn Beta Alanine® trademarks. No answer 
has been filed to date. 

Although we believe the above litigation matters are supported by valid claims, there is no assurance NAI will prevail in 
these litigation matters or in similar proceedings it may initiate or that litigation expenses will be as anticipated 

ITEM 4. 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable. 

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PART II  

ITEM  5. 

MARKET FOR OUR COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER 
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

Market Information  

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “NAII.” Below are the high and low sales prices 
of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market for each quarter of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 and 
2015:  

First Quarter ..........................................................  $
Second Quarter ......................................................  $
Third Quarter .........................................................  $
Fourth Quarter .......................................................  $

6.41  $
10.74  $
13.80  $
14.50  $

5.60  $
5.40  $
6.72  $
10.05  $

6.70     $ 
6.63     $ 
5.72     $ 
5.88     $ 

4.95 
5.00 
5.02 
5.31 

Fiscal 2016

Fiscal 2015

High

Low

High 

Low

Holders  

As of September 8, 2016, there were approximately 220 stockholders of record of our common stock. On that same date, the 
last sales price of our common stock as reported on Nasdaq was $10.89 per share.  

Dividends  

We have never paid a dividend on our common stock and we do not intend to pay a dividend in the foreseeable future. Our 
current policy is to retain all earnings to provide funds for operations and future growth. Additionally, under the terms of our 
credit facility, we are precluded from paying a dividend while such facility is in place.  

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities  

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, we did not sell or otherwise issue any unregistered securities.  

Repurchases  

During the quarter ended June 30, 2016, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.  

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Equity Compensation Plan Information 

The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding options and shares reserved for future issuance under our 
existing equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2016: 

Number of 
Shares  
to be Issued 
Upon 
Exercise of
Outstanding 
Options, 
Warrants, 
and Rights    

Weighted- 
Average  
Exercise 
Price 
of 
Outstanding 
Options,  
Warrants, 
and Rights    

Weighted- 
Average 
Exercise  
Price of 
Outstanding 
Restricted 
Stock 

Number of 
Shares of  
Outstanding 
Restricted 
Stock

Number of 
Shares 
Remaining 
Available 
for Future 
Issuance 
Under Equity 
Compensation 
Plans 
(Excluding 
Shares 
Reflected in 
Column  
(a) and (c))

Plan Category 

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) 

(e)

Equity compensation plans approved by 

stockholders ...........................................      

140,000    $

6.36     

310,321     

N/A      

508,104 

Equity compensation plans not approved 

by stockholders ......................................      
Total ...........................................................      

N/A     
140,000    $

N/A     
6.36     

N/A     
310,321     

N/A      
N/A      

N/A 
508,104 

ITEM 6. 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide Item 6 disclosure in this Annual Report. 

ITEM 7. 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 
OF OPERATION 

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help you understand our financial condition and results of operations as 
of June 30, 2016 and 2015 and for each of the last two fiscal years then ended. You should read the following discussion and 
analysis together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements 
included under Item 8 in this report. Our future financial condition and results of operations will vary from our historical 
financial condition and results of operations described below based on a variety of factors. You should carefully review the 
risks described under Item 1A and elsewhere in this report, which identify certain important factors that could cause our 
future financial condition and results of operations to vary.  

Executive Overview  

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of this Item 7 or other items in this 
report or contain all of the information that may be important to our stockholders or the investing public. You should read 
this overview in conjunction with the other sections of this Item 7, the financial statements and accompanying notes, and this 
report.  

Our  primary  business  activity  is  providing  private-label  contract  manufacturing  services  to  companies  that  market  and 
distribute vitamins, minerals, herbs and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers 
both within and outside the U.S. Historically, our revenue has been largely dependent on sales to one or two private-label 
contract manufacturing customers and subject to variations in the timing of such customers’ orders, which in turn is impacted 
by  such  customers’  internal  marketing  programs,  supply  chain  management,  entry  into  new  markets,  new  product 
introductions, the demand for such customers’ products, and general industry and economic conditions. Our revenue also 
includes raw material sales, royalty and licensing revenue generated from our patent estate pursuant to license and supply 
agreements with third parties for the distribution and use of the ingredient known as beta-alanine sold under our CarnoSyn® 
trademark.  

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A cornerstone of our business strategy is to achieve long-term growth and profitability and to diversify our sales base. We 
have sought and expect to continue to seek to diversify our sales by developing relationships with additional, quality-oriented, 
private-label contract manufacturing customers, and commercializing our patent estate through sales of beta-alanine under 
our Carnosyn® and SR Carnosyn® trade names, contract manufacturing and license agreements.  

We have historically developed, manufactured and marketed our own branded products, most recently under the Pathway to 
Healing® product line. However, due to the steady decline in sales of this product line over the prior several years, we decided 
to discontinue the product line. All termination activities related to the Pathway to Healing® product line were substantially 
complete by December 31, 2014. We did not change the financial presentation in this report to reflect the branded products 
segment  as  “Discontinued  Operations”  as  the  wind  down  of  this  product  line  did  not  meet  the  criteria  for  discontinued 
operations presentation as prescribed by applicable accounting regulations (ASC 205-20). 

During fiscal 2016, our net sales were 44% higher than in fiscal 2015. Private-label contract manufacturing sales increased 
33% due primarily to the sale of higher volumes of existing products to existing customers and new product sales to new and 
existing customers, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange rates as compared to the prior year period. Our foreign 
exchange rates as applied to sales denominated in Euro deceased to a weighted average of 1.11 EUR/USD in fiscal 2016 
from a weighted average of 1.31 EUR/USD during fiscal 2015. Revenue concentration from our largest private-label contract 
manufacturing customer as a percentage of our total net sales increased to 43% in fiscal 2016 from 37% for fiscal 2015. We 
expect our fiscal 2017 revenue concentration as a percentage of consolidated net sales for this customer to be consistent with 
fiscal 2016.  

During fiscal 2016, CarnoSyn® beta-alanine revenue increased 138% to $21.8 million as compared to $9.1 million for fiscal 
2015. The increase in beta-alanine revenue was primarily due to the increase in raw material sales as a result of taking over 
the direct  sale and distribution of beta-alanine raw  materials effective  April  1, 2015. We  had  raw  material  sales  of beta-
alanine totaling $21.6 million for fiscal 2016 and $4.4 million raw material sales during fiscal 2015. We expect our beta-
alanine raw material sales during fiscal 2017 will be consistent with our fiscal 2016 sales. 

During fiscal 2016, twelve new beta-alanine patents were issued to NAI.  This new intellectual property related to a broad 
range of beta-alanine method and composition claims which covered sustained release formulations for beta-alanine.  As of 
June 30, 2016, NAI possessed twenty-six beta-alanine patents and twenty sustained release beta-alanine patents.  

To protect our CarnoSyn® business and its underlying patent estate, we incurred litigation and patent compliance expenses 
of approximately $2.0 million during fiscal 2016 and $1.6 million during fiscal 2015. The majority of our litigation activity 
was related to litigation with Woodbolt Distribution, LLC, also known as Cellucor (Woodbolt), which was settled during the 
third quarter of 2016 and we do not expect costs related to this case to continue. We describe our efforts to protect our patent 
estate in more detail under Item 1 of Part II of this report. Our ability to maintain or further increase our beta-alanine royalty 
and licensing revenue will depend in large part on our ability to develop a market for our sustained release form of beta-
alanine marketed under our SR Carnosyn® trademark, maintain our patent rights, the availability of the raw material beta-
alanine when and in the amounts needed, the ability to expand distribution of beta-alanine to new and existing customers, the 
ability  to  further  commercialize  our  existing  patents,  and  the  continued  compliance  by  third  parties  with  our  patent  and 
trademark rights. 

Net  sales  from  our  branded  products  declined  100%  in  fiscal  2016  as  compared  to  fiscal  2015  due  to  our  product  line 
discontinuation efforts described above.  

During fiscal 2017, we plan to continue our focus on: 

•  Leveraging our state-of-the-art, certified facilities to increase the value of the goods and services we provide to
our highly valued private-label contract manufacturing customers, and assist us in developing relationships with
additional quality oriented customers;  

•  Expanding  the  commercialization  of  our  beta-alanine  patent  estate  through  raw  material  sales,  developing  a
market for our sustained release form of beta-alanine marketed under our SR Carnosyn® trademark, new contract 
manufacturing opportunities, license agreements and protecting our proprietary rights;  

• 

Improving operational efficiencies and managing costs and business risks to improve profitability.  

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates  

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  included  under  Item 8  in  this  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  U.S. 
generally  accepted  accounting  principles  (GAAP).  Our  significant  accounting  policies  are  described  in  the  notes  to  our 
consolidated financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires that we make 
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and their accompanying notes. We 
have  identified  certain  policies  that  we  believe  are  important  to  the  portrayal  of  our  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations. These policies require the application of significant judgment by our management. We base our estimates on our 
historical  experience,  industry  standards,  and  various  other  assumptions  that  we  believe  are  reasonable  under  the 
circumstances.  Actual  results  could differ from  these  estimates.  An  adverse  effect  on our financial  condition,  changes  in 
financial  condition,  and  results  of  operations  could  occur  if  circumstances  change  that  alter  the  various  assumptions  or 
conditions used in such estimates or assumptions. Some of our critical accounting policies include those listed below.  

Revenue Recognition 

To  recognize  revenue,  four  basic  criteria  must  be  met:  1)  there  is  evidence  that  an  arrangement  exists;  2)  delivery  has 
occurred; 3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and 4) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from sales transactions 
where the buyer has the right to return the product is recognized at the time of sale only if (a) the seller’s price to the buyer 
is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale; (b) the buyer has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to pay the 
seller  and  the  obligation  is  not  contingent  on  resale  of  the  product;  (c) the  buyer’s  obligation  to  the  seller  would  not  be 
changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product; (d) the buyer acquiring the product for resale 
has economic substance apart from that provided by the seller; (e) the seller does not have significant obligations for future 
performance to directly bring about resale of the product by the buyer; and (f) the amount of future returns can be reasonably 
estimated. We recognize revenue upon determination that all criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The criteria are 
usually met at the time title passes to the customer, which usually occurs upon shipment. Revenue from shipments where title 
passes upon delivery is deferred until the shipment has been delivered.  

We record reductions to gross revenue for estimated returns of private-label contract manufacturing products and branded 
products. The estimated returns are based on the trailing six months of private-label contract manufacturing gross sales and 
our historical experience for both private-label contract manufacturing and branded product returns. However, the estimate 
for product returns does not reflect the impact of a potential large product recall resulting from product nonconformance or 
other factors as such events are not predictable nor is the related economic impact estimable. 

We currently own certain U.S. patents, and each patent’s corresponding foreign patent applications. All of these patents and 
patent rights relate to the ingredient known as beta-alanine marketed and sold by us under our CarnoSyn® and SR Carnosyn® 
trademarks, and combined with a license to our patent estate. We recorded beta-alanine raw material sales and royalty and 
licensing income as a component of revenue in the amount of $21.8 million during fiscal 2016 and $9.1 million during fiscal 
2015. These royalty income and raw material sale amounts resulted in royalty expense paid to the original patent holders 
from whom NAI acquired its patents and patent rights. We recognized royalty expense as a component of cost of goods sold 
in the amount of $865,000 during fiscal 2016 and $806,000 during fiscal 2015.  

Inventory Reserve  

We operate primarily as a private-label contract manufacturer and build products based upon anticipated demand or following 
receipt of customer specific purchase orders. From time to time, we build inventory for private-label contract manufacturing 
customers  under  a  specific  purchase  order  with  delivery  dates  that  may  subsequently  be  rescheduled  or  canceled  at  the 
customer’s request. We value inventory at the lower of cost or market on an item-by-item basis and establish reserves equal 
to all or a portion of the related inventory to reflect situations in which the cost of the inventory is not expected to be recovered. 
This  requires  us  to  make  estimates  regarding  the  market  value  of  our  inventory,  including  an  assessment  for  excess  and 
obsolete  inventory.  Once  we  establish  an  inventory  reserve  amount  in  a  fiscal  period,  the  reduced  inventory  value  is 
maintained until the inventory is sold or otherwise disposed. In evaluating whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or 
market, management considers such factors as the amount of inventory on hand, the estimated time required to sell such 
inventory,  the remaining  shelf  life  and  efficacy,  the foreseeable demand within  a  specified  time  horizon  and  current  and 
expected market conditions. Based on this evaluation, we record adjustments to cost of goods sold to adjust inventory to its 
net realizable value. These adjustments are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from 
actual requirements if future economic conditions, customer demand or other factors differ from expectations.  

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Accounting for Income Taxes  

We account for uncertain tax positions using the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. Our practice is to recognize 
interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015, we had 
not recorded any tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions.  

We estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our actual current 
tax exposure, together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as property and 
equipment depreciation, for tax and financial reporting purposes. Actual income taxes could vary from these estimates due 
to future changes in income tax law or results from final tax examination reviews.  

We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that we believe is more likely than not to be 
realized. We consider estimated future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing 
the need for a valuation allowance. If we determine that it is more likely than not that we will not realize all or part of our 
deferred tax assets in the future, we will record an adjustment to the carrying value of the deferred tax asset, which would be 
reflected  as  income  tax  expense.  Conversely,  if we determine  we will  realize  a  deferred  tax  asset, which  currently has  a 
valuation allowance, we will reverse the valuation allowance, which would be reflected as an income tax benefit.  

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion 
or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation 
of  future  taxable  income  during  the  periods  in  which  those  temporary  differences  become  deductible.  During  the  fourth 
quarter of fiscal 2016, we concluded that it was more likely than not that we would be able to realize the benefit of our federal 
and state deferred tax assets in the future. We based this conclusion on historical and projected operating performance, as 
well as our expectation that our operations will generate sufficient taxable income in future periods to realize the tax benefits 
associated with the deferred tax assets. As a result, we reduced the valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets by 
$193,000  at  June  30, 2016.  We  will  continue  to  assess  the  need  for  a  valuation  allowance  on  the  deferred  tax  assets  by 
evaluating  both  positive  and  negative  evidence  that  may  exist.  Any  adjustment  to  the  net  deferred  tax  asset  valuation 
allowance would be recorded in the income statement for the period that the adjustment is determined to be required.  

We have not recorded U.S. income tax expense for NAIE’s retained earnings that we have declared as indefinitely reinvested 
offshore, thus reducing our overall income tax expense. The earnings designated as indefinitely reinvested in NAIE are based 
on the actual deployment of such earnings in NAIE’s assets and our expectations of the future cash needs of NAIE and NAI. 
Income tax laws also are a factor in determining the amount of foreign earnings to be indefinitely reinvested offshore.  

We carefully review several factors that influence the ultimate disposition of NAIE’s retained earnings declared as reinvested 
offshore,  and  apply  stringent  standards  to  overcome  the  presumption  of  repatriation.  Despite  this  approach,  because  the 
determination involves our future plans  and  expectations  of future  events,  the possibility  exists  that  amounts declared  as 
indefinitely reinvested offshore may ultimately be repatriated. For instance, NAI’s actual cash needs may exceed our current 
expectations or NAIE’s actual cash needs may be less than our current expectations. Additionally, changes may occur in tax 
laws and/or accounting standards that could change our determination of the status of NAIE’s retained earnings. This would 
result  in  additional  income  tax  expense  in  the fiscal  year in  which  we  determine  that amounts  are no  longer  indefinitely 
reinvested offshore.  

On an interim basis, we estimate what our effective tax rate will be for the full fiscal year and record a quarterly income tax 
provision in accordance with the anticipated annual rate. As the fiscal year progresses, we refine our estimate based upon 
actual events and earnings by jurisdiction during the year. This continual estimation process periodically results in a change 
to our expected effective tax rate for the fiscal year. When this occurs, we adjust the income tax provision during the quarter 
in which the change in estimate occurs so that the year-to-date provision equals the expected annual rate.  

Derivative Financial Instruments  

We  may  use  derivative  financial  instruments  in  the  management  of  our  foreign  currency  exchange  risk  inherent  in  our 
forecasted  transactions  denominated  in  Euros.  We  may  hedge  our  foreign  currency  exposures  by  entering  into  offsetting 
forward exchange contracts and currency options. To the extent we use derivative financial instruments, we account for them 
using the deferral method, when such instruments are intended to hedge identifiable, firm foreign currency commitments or 
anticipated transactions and are designated as, and effective as, hedges. Foreign exchange exposures arising from certain 
transactions that do not meet the criteria for the deferral method are marked-to-market.  

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We recognize any unrealized gains and losses associated with derivative instruments in income in the period in which the 
underlying hedged transaction is realized. In the event the derivative instrument is deemed ineffective we would recognize 
the resulting gain or loss in income at that time. As of June 30, 2016, we held derivative contracts designated as cash flow 
hedges  primarily  to  protect  against  the  foreign  exchange  risks  inherent  in  our  forecasted  sales  of  products  at  prices 
denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As of June 30, 2016, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange 
contracts were $19.0 million (EUR 16.8 million). These contracts will mature over the next 12 months.  

Results of Operations  

The following table sets forth selected consolidated operating results for each of the last two fiscal years, presented as a 
percentage of net sales (dollars in thousands).   

Fiscal Year Ended

Private-label contract manufacturing   $ 
Patent and trademark licensing.........     
Branded products .............................     
Total net sales ...................................     
Cost of goods sold ............................     
Gross profit ......................................     
Selling, general & administrative 

expenses .......................................     
Income from operations ...................     
Other income, net .............................     
Income before income taxes .............     
Provision for income taxes ...............     
Net income .......................................   $ 

June 30, 2016
92,420    
21,781    
–    
114,201    
88,943    
25,258    

13,000    
12,258     
1,314    
13,572     
4,026    
9,546    

81%  $
19%   
–%   
100%   
78%   
22%   

11%   
11%   
1%   
12%   
4 %   
8%  $

June 30, 2015
69,670     
9,140     
698     
79,508     
65,169     
14,339     

      Increase (Decrease)
22,750     
12,641     
(698)   
34,693     
23,774     
10,919     

88%  $ 
11%    
1%    
100%    
82%    
18%    

33%
138%
(100)%
44%
37%
76%

10,180     
4,159     
148     
4,307     
961     
3,346     

13%    
5%    
0%    
5%    
1%    
4%  $ 

2,820      
8,099     
1,166     
9,265     
3,065     
6,200     

28%
193%
785%
213 %
319%
185%

Private-label contract manufacturing net sales increased 33% primarily due to the sale of higher volumes of existing products 
to existing customers and new product sales to new and existing customers, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange 
rates as compared to the prior year period. Our foreign exchange rates as applied to sales denominated in Euro deceased to a 
weighted average of 1.11 EUR/USD in fiscal 2016 from a weighted average of 1.31 EUR/USD during fiscal 2015. Net sales 
to our largest customer represented a majority of our increase in private-label contract manufacturing sales, which included 
an increase in international sales of 45% and an increase in domestic sales of 90%. The increase in international sales during 
fiscal 2016 is primarily due to increased consumer demand, partially offset by the decreased Euro foreign exchange rate as 
compared to fiscal 2015. The domestic increase is primarily due to sales of a new product we were awarded in fiscal 2016, 
partially offset by a decrease in shipments of existing products in fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015 related to the timing 
of orders. 

Net sales from our patent and trademark licensing segment increased 138% during fiscal 2016. During fiscal 2016, patent 
and trademark licensing sales included $0.2 million of royalty income, $21.6 million in direct beta-alanine raw material sales, 
and zero license fees. During fiscal 2015, patent and trademark licensing sales included $4.7 million of royalty income, $4.4 
million in direct beta-alanine raw material sales, and zero license fees. The increase in beta-alanine raw material sales was a 
result of our decision to take over the direct sale and distribution of beta-alanine effective April 1, 2015. As part of this 
decision, we allowed our former agreement with CSI to expire as of March 31, 2015, which also discontinued our royalty 
income stream.  

Net sales from our branded products declined 100% in fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015 due to the discontinuation of 
our  Pathway  to  Healing®  product  line.  All  termination  activities  related  to  the  Pathway  to  Healing®  product  line  were 
substantially complete by December 31, 2014. 

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Consolidated gross profit margin increased 4.1 percentage points during fiscal 2016 primarily due to the following:  

Contract manufacturing: 

Shift in sales mix and material cost .....................................................................................................      
Overhead expenses ..............................................................................................................................      
Incremental direct and indirect labor ...................................................................................................      
Patent and trademark licensing ...............................................................................................................      
Branded products ....................................................................................................................................      
Total ........................................................................................................................................................      

Percentage 
Change

(4.6)(1)
4.8  (1)
2.7  (1)
1.7 (2)
(0.5)(3)
4.1   

1  Private-label contract manufacturing gross profit margin contribution increased 2.9 percentage points in fiscal 2016 as
compared to fiscal 2015. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of sales in fiscal 2016 was primarily driven by
improved operational throughput and lower per unit manufacturing costs partially offset by the shift in sales and material
mix between the periods, including lower average Euro exchange rates.  

2  During fiscal 2016, patent and trademark licensing gross profit margin contribution increased 1.7 percentage points due 
primarily to patent and trademark revenue representing a higher percentage of consolidated net sales on a period over
period  basis. In  addition,  we  took  over  the  raw  material  sale  and distribution  activities  for  beta-alanine  in  the  fourth 
quarter of fiscal 2015, which resulted in additional profit contribution per sales dollar during fiscal 2016. 

3  Branded products gross profit margin contribution as a percentage of consolidated net sales decreased 0.5 percentage 

points during fiscal 2016 due to the discontinuation of our Pathway to Healing® product line. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.8 million, or 28%, during fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015. 
This  increase  was  primarily  due  to  increased  employee  compensation  costs,  increased  litigation  and  patent  compliance 
expenses, and sales and marketing expenses associated with our patent and trademark licensing segment. The increase in 
expenses associated with our patent and trademark licensing segment are primarily associated with taking over the direct sale 
and distribution of beta-alanine effective April 1, 2015 and with our efforts to further commercialize our CarnoSyn® beta-
alanine patent estate. Our efforts to further commercialize our CarnoSyn® patent estate included marketing efforts designed 
to increase CarnoSyn® brand awareness and R&D efforts to develop our recently launched SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine 
products. We expect to continue these efforts during fiscal 2017 as we launch SR CarnoSyn® in existing and new markets. 

Other income, net increased $1.2 million during fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015. The increase for fiscal 2016 is due 
primarily to the sale of our domestic corporate headquarters in San Marcos, CA which resulted in a one-time pre-tax gain of 
$1.6 million. 

Our income tax expense increased $3.1 million during fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015. The increase is primarily due 
to increased consolidated pre-tax income and a higher effective tax rate due to domestic operations representing a larger 
portion of consolidated pre-tax income.  

Liquidity and Capital Resources  

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows provided by operating activities and the availability of 
borrowings under our credit facilities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $9.3 million in fiscal 2016 compared to 
net cash provided by operating activities of $2.7 million in fiscal 2015.  

Net income increased by $6.2 million to $9.5 million during fiscal 2016 as compared to net income of $3.3 million in the 
prior fiscal year. At June 30, 2016, changes in accounts receivable, consisting primarily of amounts due from our private-
label contract manufacturing customers and our patent and trademark raw material sales activities, used $3.3 million in cash 
compared  to using $3.1  million  in  fiscal  2015.  The  increase  in  cash used  by accounts  receivable  during fiscal  2016  was 
primarily due to increased amounts due associated with our patent and trademark business primarily due to timing of sales 
year over year. The average number of days our accounts receivable were outstanding was 37 days during fiscal 2016, as 
compared to 38 days for fiscal 2015.  

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Increases  in  inventory used $8.2  million  in  cash  during  fiscal  2016  compared  to  providing $276,000  in  fiscal  2015. The 
change in cash activity from inventory during fiscal 2016 was primarily related to inventory purchased to support growing 
private-label contract manufacturing demand, as well as inventory purchased to support our patent and trademark licensing 
business as a result of taking over the direct sales and distribution activities as of April 1, 2015. Changes in accounts payable 
and accrued liabilities provided $8.0 million in cash during fiscal 2016 compared to using $520,000 during fiscal 2015. The 
change in cash flow activity related to accounts payable and accrued liabilities is primarily due to the timing of inventory 
receipts and payments.  

Approximately $2.2 million of our operating cash flow was generated by NAIE in fiscal 2016. As of June 30, 2016, NAIE’s 
undistributed retained earnings of $17.8 million were considered indefinitely reinvested.  

Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2016 was $7.4 million compared to $1.6 million in fiscal 2015. Capital expenditures 
were $10.4 million during fiscal 2016 compared to $1.7 million in fiscal 2015. Capital expenditures during fiscal 2016 and 
fiscal 2015 were primarily for manufacturing equipment in our Vista, California and Manno, Switzerland facilities and for 
the purchase of our new corporate headquarters in Carlsbad, California. The capital expenditures during fiscal 2016 were 
partially offset by proceeds from the sale of equipment and sale of our former headquarters of $3.0 million as compared to 
$90,000 in fiscal 2015.  

At June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015, on a consolidated basis, we had no outstanding debt balances.  

On February 1, 2016, we executed a new Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. The Credit Agreement replaces the 
previous credit facility and provides us with a line of credit of up to $10.0 million. There was no commitment fee required as 
part of this agreement. There are no amounts currently drawn under the line of credit. 

Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, borrowings are subject to eligibility requirements including maintaining (i) a ratio 
of total liabilities to tangible net worth of not greater than 1.25 to 1.0 at any time; and (ii) a ratio of total current assets to total 
current liabilities of not less than 1.75 to 1.0 at each fiscal quarter end. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit will 
bear  interest  at  a  fixed  or  fluctuating  interest  rate  as  elected  by  NAI  from  time  to  time;  provided,  however,  that  if  the 
outstanding principal amount is less than $100,000 such amount shall bear interest at the then applicable fluctuating rate of 
interest. If elected, the fluctuating rate per annum would be equal to 1.25% above the daily one month LIBOR rate as in effect 
from time to time. If a fixed rate is elected, it would equal a per annum rate of 1.25% above the LIBOR rate in effect on the 
first day of the applicable fixed rate term. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit must be paid in full on or before 
January 31, 2019. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fluctuating interest rate may be prepaid at any time without 
penalty. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fixed interest rate may be prepaid at any time in minimum amounts of 
$100,000, subject to a prepayment fee equal to the sum of the discounted monthly differences for each month from the month 
of prepayment through the month in which the then applicable fixed rate term matures.  

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by our accounts receivable and other rights to payment, general 
intangibles, inventory, equipment and fixtures. We also have a foreign exchange facility with Wells Fargo in effect until 
January 31, 2019, and with Bank of America, N.A. in effect until August 15, 2017.  

On June 30, 2016, we were in compliance with all of the financial and other covenants required under the Credit Agreement.  

On September 22, 2006, NAIE, our wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a credit facility with Credit Suisse to provide 
NAIE with a credit line of up to CHF 1.3 million, or approximately $1.3 million, which was the initial maximum aggregate 
amount that could be outstanding at any one time under the credit facility. This maximum amount is reduced annually by 
CHF  160,000,  or  approximately  $163,000.  On  February 19,  2007,  NAIE  amended  its  credit  facility  to  provide  that  the 
maximum  aggregate  amount  that  may  be  outstanding  under  the  facility  cannot  be  reduced  below  CHF  500,000,  or 
approximately $510,000. As of June 30, 2016, there was no outstanding balance under this credit facility.  

Under its credit facility, NAIE may draw amounts either as current account loan credits to its current or future bank accounts 
or as fixed loans with a maximum term of 24 months. Current account loans will bear interest at the rate of 5% per annum. 
Fixed  loans  will  bear  interest  at  a  rate  determined  by  the parties  based on  current  market  conditions and  must  be  repaid 
pursuant to a repayment schedule established by the parties at the time of the loan. If a fixed loan is repaid early at NAIE’s 
election or in connection with the termination of the credit facility, NAIE will be charged a pre-payment penalty equal to 
0.1% of the principal amount of the fixed loan or CHF 1,000 (approximately $1,020), whichever is greater. The bank reserves 
the right to refuse individual requests for an advance under the credit facility, although its exercise of such right will not have 
the effect of terminating the credit facility as a whole. 

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As of June 30, 2016, we had $19.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and $10.5 million available under our credit facilities. 
Of these amounts, $6.7 million of cash and cash equivalents and $510,000 of the amount available under our credit facilities 
were held by NAIE. Our intent is to permanently reinvest all of our earnings from foreign operations, and we do not currently 
anticipate that we will need funds generated from foreign operations to fund our domestic operations. In the event funds from 
foreign operations are needed to fund our U.S. operations, we may be required to accrue and pay additional U.S. taxes to 
repatriate any such funds. Overall, we believe our available cash, cash equivalents and potential cash flows from operations 
will be sufficient to fund our current working capital needs and capital expenditures through at least the next 12 months. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements  

As of June 30, 2016, we did not have any significant off-balance sheet debt nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, 
obligations (including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons that 
have  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  have  a  material  current  or  future  effect  on  our  financial  condition,  changes  in  financial 
condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or 
expenses material to investors.  

Inflation  

During fiscal 2015 and 2016, we did not experience any significant increases in product raw material or operational costs 
due  to  inflationary  factors.  We  currently  believe  increasing  raw  material  and  product  cost  pricing  pressures  will  exist 
throughout fiscal 2017 as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, including beta-alanine, and the effects of higher 
labor  and  transportation  costs.  We  do  not  believe  current  inflation  rates  will  have  a  material  impact  on  our  fiscal  2017 
operations or profitability. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements  

A  discussion  of  recent  accounting  pronouncements  is  included  under  Note  A  in  the  notes  to  our  consolidated  financial 
statements included under Item 8 of this report.  

ITEM 7A. 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide Item 7A disclosure in this Annual Report. 

28 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
ITEM 8. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  

To the Board of Directors and 
Stockholders of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (the “Company”) 
as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders’ 
equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial 
statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. 

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States).  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the 
consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement.  The  Company  is  not  required  to  have,  nor  were  we 
engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal 
control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not 
for  the purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the effectiveness of  the  company’s  internal  control over  financial  reporting. 
Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts 
and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide 
a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of its operations 
and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 
of America. 

San Diego, California 
September 19, 2016 

/s/ Haskell & White LLP 
HASKELL & WHITE LLP 

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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.  
Consolidated Balance Sheets  
As of June 30  
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)  

Assets 
Current assets: 

Cash and cash equivalents ......................................................................................   $
Accounts receivable – less allowance for doubtful accounts of $45 at June 30, 

2016 and $20 at June 30, 2015 ............................................................................    
Inventories, net .......................................................................................................    
Deferred income taxes ............................................................................................    
Income tax receivable .............................................................................................    
Prepaids and other current assets ............................................................................    
Total current assets ......................................................................................    
Property and equipment, net ..............................................................................................    
Deferred income taxes .......................................................................................................    
Other noncurrent assets, net ..............................................................................................    
Total assets ...................................................................................................   $

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity 
Current liabilities: 

Accounts payable ....................................................................................................   $
Accrued liabilities  ..................................................................................................    
Accrued compensation and employee benefits .......................................................    
Income taxes payable ..............................................................................................    
Total current liabilities .................................................................................    
Long-term pension liability ...............................................................................................    
Deferred rent .....................................................................................................................    
Other noncurrent liabilities, net .........................................................................................    
Total liabilities .............................................................................................    

2016  

2015

19,747    $

18,551 

13,217      
20,768      
–      
14      
2,136      
55,882       
15,167      
2,227      
899      
74,175    $

12,821    $
2,242      
2,802      
1,340      
19,205      
758      
486      
–      
20,449      

9,895 
12,564 
367 
316 
1,907 
43,600 
7,633 
1,663 
920 
53,816 

4,647 
2,495 
1,462 
489 
9,093 
439 
403 
21 
9,956 

Commitments and contingencies 
Stockholders’ equity: 

Preferred stock; $.01 par value; 500,000 shares authorized; none issued or 

outstanding ..........................................................................................................    

—      

— 

Common stock; $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2016 

and June 30, 2015, issued and outstanding (net of treasury shares) 6,868,628 at 
June 30, 2016 and 6,743,093 at June 30, 2015 ....................................................    
Additional paid-in capital .......................................................................................    
Accumulated other comprehensive loss  ................................................................    
Retained earnings ...................................................................................................    
Treasury stock, at cost, 958,049 shares at June 30, 2016 and 875,584 at June 30, 

2015 ....................................................................................................................    
Total stockholders’ equity ............................................................................    
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity .....................................................   $

77      
21,138      
(680)     
38,553      

(5,362)     
53,726      
74,175    $

75 
20,258 
(766)
29,007 

(4,714)
43,860 
53,816 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.  
Consolidated Statements Of Operations And Comprehensive Income  
For the Years Ended June 30  
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)  

2016  

2015

Net sales ..........................................................................................................................  $ 
Cost of goods sold ...........................................................................................................    
Gross profit ......................................................................................................................    
Selling, general and administrative expenses ..................................................................    
Income from operations ...................................................................................................    
Other income (expense): 

Interest income .....................................................................................................    
Interest expense ....................................................................................................    
Foreign exchange gain (loss) ................................................................................    
Other, net ..............................................................................................................    

Income before income taxes ............................................................................................    
Provision for income taxes ..............................................................................................    
Net income ......................................................................................................................  $ 
Change in minimum pension liability, net of tax ............................................................  $ 
Unrealized loss resulting from change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of 

tax ................................................................................................................................    
Comprehensive income ...................................................................................................  $ 
Net income per common share: 

Basic .....................................................................................................................  $ 
Diluted ..................................................................................................................  $ 

Weighted average common shares outstanding: 

114,201    $ 
88,943      
25,258      
13,000      
12,258      

131      
2      
(425)     
1,606      
1,314      
13,572      
4,026      
9,546    $ 
(132)   $ 

218      
9,632    $ 

1.46    $ 
1.44    $ 

79,508 
65,169 
14,339 
10,180 
4,159 

36 
(12)
127 
(3)
148 
4,307 
961 
3,346 
(141)

(156)
3,049 

0.50 
0.49 

Basic .....................................................................................................................    
Diluted ..................................................................................................................    

6,523,555      
6,640,728      

6,753,239 
6,806,385 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.  
Consolidated Statements Of Stockholders’ Equity  
For the Years Ended June 30  
(Dollars in thousands)  

Common Stock  

   Shares  

     Amount      

Additional 
Paid-in
Capital

    Retained   
    Earnings

Treasury Stock

Comprehensive     

Accumulated 
Other 

   Shares

   Amount        Income (Loss)

    Total

74    $ 

19,865   $ 

25,661   

515,923  $ 

(2,693)   $ 

(469) $

42,438 

1      

—      

—      

—      

(1)   

—   

—    

—      

—    

— 

390     

—   

—    

—      

—    

390 

—     

4     

—   

359,661    

(2,021)     

—    

(2,021)

—   

—    

—      

—    

4 

—      

—      

—     

—   

—    

—      

(141)  

(141)

—      
—      
75      

2      

—      

—      

—      

—     
—     
20,258     

—   
3,346   
29,007   

—    
—    
875,584    

—      
—      
(4,714)     

(156)  
—    
(766)  

(156)
3,346 
43,860 

(2)   

—   

—    

—      

—    

— 

724     

—     

158     

—   

—    

—      

—    

724 

—   

82,465    

(648)     

—    

(648)

—   

—    

—      

—    

158 

Balance, June 30, 2014 ...      7,513,677    $ 
Issuance of common 
stock for restricted 
stock grants ................     

105,000      

Compensation expense 
related to stock 
compensation plans ....     

Repurchase of common 

stock ...........................     

Tax effect of stock 

compensation .............     

Change in minimum 

pension liability, net 
of tax ...........................     

Unrealized loss resulting 
from change in fair 
value of derivative 
—      
instruments, net of tax     
Net income ......................     
—      
Balance, June 30, 2015 ...      7,618,677      
Issuance of common 
stock for restricted 
stock grants ................     

208,000      

Compensation expense 
related to stock 
compensation plans ....     

Repurchase of common 

stock ...........................     

Tax effect of stock 

compensation .............     

Change in minimum 

pension liability, net 
of tax ...........................     

—      

—      

—      

—      

—      

—      

—      

—      

—     

—   

—    

—      

(132)  

(132)

Unrealized gain resulting 
from change in fair 
value of derivative 
—      
instruments, net of tax     
Net income ......................     
—      
Balance, June 30, 2016 ...      7,826,677    $ 

—      
—      
77    $ 

—     
—     
21,138   $ 

—   
9,546   
38,553   

—    
—    
958,049  $ 

—      
—      
(5,362)   $ 

218    
—    
(680) $

218 
9,546 
53,726 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.  
Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows  
For the Years Ended June 30  
(in thousands)  

2016  

2015

Cash flows from operating activities 
Net income .....................................................................................................................  $ 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 

Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable ..................................................    
Depreciation and amortization .............................................................................    
Non-cash equipment impairment charge .............................................................    
Deferred income taxes .........................................................................................    
Non-cash compensation .......................................................................................    
Pension expense ...................................................................................................    
Gain on disposal of assets ....................................................................................    

Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 

Accounts receivable .............................................................................................    
Inventories ...........................................................................................................    
Prepaids and other assets .....................................................................................    
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities .............................................................    
Income taxes ........................................................................................................    
Accrued compensation and employee benefits ....................................................    
Net cash provided by operating activities .......................................................................    
Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchases of property and equipment .............................................................................    
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment ..............................................................    
Net cash used in investing activities ...............................................................................    
Cash flows from financing activities 
Repurchase of common stock .........................................................................................    
Net cash used in financing activities ..............................................................................    
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents .....................................................    
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year .............................................................    
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year .......................................................................  $ 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid during the year for: 

Taxes ...................................................................................................................  $ 
Interest .................................................................................................................  $ 

Disclosure of non-cash activities: 

Change in minimum pension liability, net of tax .................................................  $ 
Change in unrealized (loss) gain resulting from change in fair value of 

derivative instruments, net of tax .....................................................................  $ 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

9,546   $ 

9     
1,772     
–     
(197)    
724     
106     
(1,866)    

(3,331)    
(8,204)    
131     
7,983     
1,272     
1,340     
9,285     

(10,441)    
3,000     
(7,441)    

(648)    
(648)    
1,196     
18,551     
19,747   $ 

3,359   $ 
–   $ 

132   $ 

(218)  $ 

3,346 

7 
2,431 
417 
(93)
390 
31 
(62)

(3,067)
276 
(875)
(520)
173 
224 
2,678 

(1,708)
90 
(1,618)

(2,021)
(2,021)
(961)
19,512 
18,551 

888 
10 

141 

156 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

A. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  

Organization  

We provide private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute vitamins, minerals, herbs, 
and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. We 
also seek to commercialize our patent and trademark estate related to the ingredient known as beta-alanine through direct raw 
material sales and various license and similar arrangements.  

Subsidiaries  

On January 22, 1999, Natural Alternatives International Europe S.A. (NAIE) was formed as our wholly owned subsidiary, 
based  in  Manno,  Switzerland.  In  September  1999,  NAIE  opened  its  manufacturing  facility  and  possesses  manufacturing 
capability  in  encapsulation,  powders,  tablets,  finished  goods  packaging,  quality  control  laboratory  testing,  warehousing, 
distribution and administration.  

Principles of Consolidation  

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (NAI) and our wholly 
owned  subsidiary,  NAIE.  All  intercompany  accounts  and  transactions  have  been  eliminated.  The  functional  currency  of 
NAIE, our foreign subsidiary, is the U.S. Dollar. The financial statements of NAIE have been translated at either current or 
historical exchange rates, as appropriate, with gains and losses included in the consolidated statements of operations.  

Recent Accounting Pronouncements  

In  November  2015,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”),  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  No.  
2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (Topic 740) (ASU 2015-17), which amends existing standards for 
deferred taxes to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. We adopted the ASU effective June 30, 2016, 
applied prospectively, and it did not have a significant impact on our financial statements. 

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which 
amends existing standards for leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring recognition 
of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring disclosure of key information about such arrangements. ASU 
2016-02 will be effective for us beginning in our first quarter of fiscal 2020, early adoption is permitted. We are currently 
evaluating the impact of adopting the new standard on our consolidated financial statements and the timing and presentation 
of our adoption. 

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-05, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) (ASU 
2016-05), which provides guidance related to the replacement of a counterparty of an existing designated hedging instrument. 
The  guidance  stipulates  that  the  replacement  of  a  counterparty  does  not  in  itself  constitute  a  termination  of  the  hedging 
instrument. ASU 2016-05 will be effective for us beginning in our first quarter of fiscal 2018, early adoption is permitted. 
We do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 
718) (ASU 2016-09), which provides guidance improvements to employee share-based payment accounting. The standard 
amends  several  aspects  of  current  employee  share-based  payment  accounting  including  income  taxes,  forfeitures,  and 
statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 will be effective 
for us beginning in our first quarter of fiscal 2018, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of 
adopting the new standard on our consolidated financial statements and the timing and presentation of our adoption. 

In April 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 
606)(ASU 2016-10), which amends and adds clarity to certain aspects of the guidance set forth in the upcoming revenue 
standard  (ASU  2014-09)  related  to  identifying  performance  obligations  and  licensing.  In  May  2016,  the  FASB  issued 
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-11, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) 
(ASU 2016-11), which amends and rescinds certain revenue recognition guidance previously released within ASU 2014-09. 
In May 2016 the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 
606) (ASU 2016-12), which provides narrow scope improvements and practical expedients related to ASU 2014-09. We are  

34 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
currently evaluating the impact of adopting these new standards on our consolidated financial statements. All of these new 
standards will be effective for us concurrently with ASU 2014-09, beginning in our first quarter of fiscal 2019, early adoption 
is not permitted. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents  

We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.  

 Fair Value of Financial Instruments  

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit 
price”)  in  the  principal  or  most  advantageous  market  for  the  asset  or  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market 
participants at the measurement date. We use a three-level hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes 
the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when 
available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market 
data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the inputs that 
market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available under 
the circumstances.  

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs. In general, fair values determined by 
Level 1 inputs use quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the 
ability  to  access.  We  classify  cash,  cash  equivalents,  and  marketable  securities  balances  as  Level  1  assets.  Fair  values 
determined by Level 2 inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for 
identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and models for which all significant inputs are observable 
or can be corroborated, either directly or indirectly by observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the 
asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. These include 
certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.  

As of June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015, we did not have any financial assets or liabilities classified as Level 1, except for 
assets and liabilities related to our pension plan. We classify derivative forward exchange contracts as Level 2 assets. The 
fair value of our forward exchange contracts as of June 30, 2016 was a net asset of $250,000 and the value as of June 30, 
2015 was a net asset of $474,000. The fair values were determined based on obtaining pricing from our bank and corroborating 
those values with a third party bank. As of June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015, we did not have any financial assets or liabilities 
classified as Level 3. We did not transfer any assets or liabilities between any levels during fiscal 2016.  

Accounts Receivable  

We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based on payment history and customer 
credit-worthiness. An allowance for estimated doubtful accounts is maintained based on historical experience and identified 
customer  credit  issues.  We  monitor  collections  regularly  and  adjust  the  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  as  necessary  to 
recognize any changes in credit exposure. Upon conclusion that a receivable is uncollectible, we record the respective amount 
as a charge against allowance for doubtful accounts. To date, such doubtful accounts reserves, in the aggregate, have been 
adequate to cover collection losses.  

Inventories  

We  operate  primarily  as  a  private-label  contract  manufacturer  that  builds  products  based  upon  anticipated  demand  or 
following  receipt  of  customer  specific  purchase  orders.  From  time  to  time,  we  build  inventory  for  private-label  contract 
manufacturing  customers  under  a  specific  purchase  order  with  delivery  dates  that  may  subsequently  be  rescheduled  or 
canceled at the customer’s request. We value inventory at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market (net realizable value) 
on an item-by-item basis, including costs for raw materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. We establish reserves equal 
to all or a portion of the related inventory to reflect situations in which the cost of the inventory is not expected to be recovered. 
This  requires  us  to  make  estimates  regarding  the  market  value  of  our  inventory,  including  an  assessment  for  excess  and 
obsolete inventory. Once we establish an inventory reserve in a fiscal period, the reduced inventory value is maintained until 
the  inventory  is  sold  or  otherwise  disposed  of.  In  evaluating  whether  inventory  is  stated  at  the  lower  of  cost  or  market, 
management considers such factors as the amount of inventory on hand, the estimated time required to sell such inventory, 
the remaining shelf life and efficacy, the foreseeable demand within a specified time horizon and current and expected market 
conditions. Based on this evaluation, we record adjustments to cost of goods sold to adjust inventory to its net realizable 
value.  

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Property and Equipment  

We state property and equipment at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method 
over  their  estimated  useful  lives,  generally  ranging  from  1  to  39  years.  We  amortize  leasehold  improvements  using  the 
straight-line method over the shorter of the life of the improvement or the term of the lease. Maintenance and repairs are 
expensed as incurred. Significant expenditures that increase economic useful lives are capitalized.  

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets 

We periodically evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events and circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a 
comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets 
are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of 
the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair 
value less costs to sell. We did not recognize any impairment losses during fiscal 2016. During fiscal 2015, we recorded an 
impairment loss of $417,000 related to manufacturing equipment and related tooling that was determined to be obsolete.  

Derivative Financial Instruments  

We currently may use derivative financial instruments in the management of our foreign currency exchange risk inherent in 
our forecasted transactions denominated in Euros. We may hedge our foreign currency exposures by entering into offsetting 
forward exchange contracts and currency options. To the extent we use derivative financial instruments, we account for them 
using the deferral method, when such instruments are intended to hedge identifiable, firm foreign currency commitments or 
anticipated transactions and are designated as, and effective as, hedges. Foreign exchange exposures arising from certain 
transactions that do not meet the criteria for the deferral method are marked-to-market through the Consolidated Statements 
of Operations and Comprehensive Income.  

We recognize any unrealized gains and losses associated with derivative instruments in income in the period in which the 
underlying hedged transaction is realized. In the event the derivative instrument is deemed ineffective we would recognize 
the resulting gain or loss in income at that time. As of June 30, 2016, we held derivative contracts designated as cash flow 
hedges  primarily  to  protect  against  the  foreign  exchange  risks  inherent  in  our  forecasted  sales  of  products  at  prices 
denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. As of June 30, 2016, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange 
contracts were $19.0 million (EUR 16.8 million). These contracts will mature over the next 14 months.  

Defined Benefit Pension Plan  

We formerly sponsored a defined benefit pension plan. Effective June 21, 1999, we adopted an amendment to freeze benefit 
accruals to the participants. The plan obligation and related assets of the plan are presented in the notes to the consolidated 
financial statements. Plan assets, which consist primarily of marketable equity and debt instruments, are valued based upon 
third party market quotations. Independent actuaries, through the use of a number of assumptions, determine plan obligation 
and annual pension expense. Key assumptions in measuring the plan obligation include the discount rate and estimated future 
return on plan assets. In determining the discount rate, we use an average long-term bond yield. Asset returns are based on 
the historical returns of multiple asset classes to develop a risk free rate of return and risk premiums for each asset class. The 
overall rate for each asset class was developed by combining a long-term inflation component, the risk free rate of return and 
the associated risk premium. A weighted average rate is developed based on the overall rates and the plan’s asset allocation.  

Revenue Recognition 

To recognize revenue, four basic criteria must be met: 1) there is evidence that an arrangement exists; 2) delivery has occurred; 
3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and 4) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from sales transactions where the 
buyer has the right to return the product is recognized at the time of sale only if (a) the seller’s price to the buyer is substantially 
fixed or determinable at the date of sale; (b) the buyer has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to pay the seller and the 
obligation is not contingent on resale of the product; (c) the buyer’s obligation to the seller would not be changed in the event 
of  theft  or  physical  destruction  or  damage  of  the  product;  (d) the  buyer  acquiring  the  product  for  resale  has  economic 
substance apart from that provided by the seller; (e) the seller does not have significant obligations for future performance to 
directly bring about resale of the product by the buyer; and (f) the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated. We 
recognize revenue upon determination that all criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The criteria are usually met at 
the time title passes to the customer, which usually occurs upon shipment. Revenue from shipments where title passes upon 
delivery is deferred until the shipment has been delivered.  

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We record reductions to gross revenue for estimated returns of private-label contract manufacturing products and branded 
products. The estimated returns are based on the trailing six months of private-label contract manufacturing gross sales and 
our historical experience for both private-label contract manufacturing and branded product returns. However, the estimate 
for product returns does not reflect the impact of a potential large product recall resulting from product nonconformance or 
other factors as such events are not predictable nor is the related economic impact estimable. 

We currently own certain U.S. patents, and each patent’s corresponding foreign patent applications. All of these patents and 
patent rights relate to the ingredient known as beta-alanine marketed and sold under the CarnoSyn® trade name. From March 
2009 to April 2015, we had an agreement with Compound Solutions, Inc. (CSI) to grant a license to manufacture, offer for 
sale and/or sell products incorporating, using or made in accordance with our patent rights to customers of CSI who purchase 
beta-alanine under the CarnoSyn® trade name from CSI. We received a fee from CSI that varied based on the quantity and 
source of beta-alanine sold by CSI. Effective April 1, 2015, we began directly selling beta-alanine, and licensing the related 
patent and trademark rights, in order to take advantage of strategic opportunities, including opportunities to provide additional 
contract manufacturing services, and to increase our top-line revenue and profit profile. 

We recorded beta-alanine raw material sales and royalty and licensing income as a component of revenue in the amount of 
$21.8 million during fiscal 2016 and $9.1 million during fiscal 2015. These royalty income and raw material sale amounts 
resulted in royalty expense paid to the original patent holders from whom NAI acquired its patents and patent rights. We 
recognized royalty expense as a component of cost of goods sold in the amount of $865,000 during fiscal 2016 and $806,000 
during fiscal 2015.  

Cost of Goods Sold  

Cost of goods sold includes raw material, labor, manufacturing overhead, and royalty expense.  

Shipping and Handling Costs  

We include fees earned on the shipment of our products to customers in sales and include costs incurred on the shipment of 
product to customers in costs of goods sold.  

Research and Development Costs  

As  part  of  the  services  we  provide  to  our  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customers,  we  may  perform,  but  are  not 
obligated to perform, certain research and development activities related to the development or improvement of their products. 
While our customers typically do not pay directly for this service, the cost of this service is included as a component of the 
price we charge to manufacture and deliver their products. We also direct and participate in clinical research studies, often in 
collaboration with scientists and research institutions, to validate the benefits of a product and provide scientific support for 
product claims and marketing initiatives. We believe our commitment to research and development, as well as our facilities 
and strategic alliances with our suppliers and customers, allow us to effectively identify, develop and market high-quality 
and innovative products.  

Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Our research and development expenses for the last two fiscal 
years ended June 30 were $1.1 million for 2016 and $1.1 million for 2015. These costs were included in selling, general and 
administrative expenses and cost of goods sold.  

Advertising Costs  

We  expense  the  production  costs  of  advertising  the  first  time  the  advertising  takes  place.  We  incurred  and  expensed 
advertising costs in the amount of $334,000 during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 and $69,000 during fiscal 2015. These 
costs were included in selling, general and administrative expenses.  

Income Taxes  

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are 
recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of 
existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates, for each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, expected to apply 
to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on 
deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment 
date.  

37 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
We account for uncertain tax positions using the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. Our practice is to recognize 
interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015, we had 
not recorded any tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions.  

We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that we believe is more likely than not to be 
realized. We consider estimated future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing 
the need for a valuation allowance. If we determine that it is more likely than not that we will not realize all or part of our 
deferred tax assets in the future, we will record an adjustment to the carrying value of the deferred tax asset, which would be 
reflected  as  income  tax  expense.  Conversely,  if  we  determine  we  will  realize  a  deferred  tax  asset, which  currently  has  a 
valuation allowance, we will reverse the valuation allowance, which would be reflected as an income tax benefit.  

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion 
or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation 
of  future  taxable  income  during  the  periods  in  which  those  temporary  differences  become  deductible.  During  the  fourth 
quarter of fiscal 2016, we concluded that it was more likely than not that we would be able to realize the benefit of our federal 
and state deferred tax assets in the future. We based this conclusion on historical and projected operating performance, as 
well as our expectation that our operations will generate sufficient taxable income in future periods to realize the tax benefits 
associated with the deferred tax assets. As a result, we reduced the valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets by 
$193,000  at  June  30, 2016.  We  will  continue  to  assess  the  need  for  a  valuation  allowance  on  the  deferred  tax  assets  by 
evaluating  both  positive  and  negative  evidence  that  may  exist.  Any  adjustment  to  the  net  deferred  tax  asset  valuation 
allowance would be recorded in the income statement for the period that the adjustment is determined to be required.  

We do not record U.S. income tax expense for NAIE’s retained earnings that are declared as indefinitely reinvested offshore, 
thus reducing our overall income tax expense. The amount of earnings designated as indefinitely reinvested in NAIE is based 
on the actual deployment of such earnings in NAIE’s assets and our expectations of the future cash needs of our U.S. and 
foreign entities. Income tax laws are also a factor in determining the amount of foreign earnings to be indefinitely reinvested 
offshore.  

Stock-Based Compensation  

We  have  an  omnibus  incentive  plan  that  was  approved  by  our  Board  of  Directors  effective  as  of  October 15,  2009  and 
approved by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on November 30, 2009. Under the plan, we may 
grant  nonqualified  and  incentive  stock  options  and  other  stock-based  awards  to  employees,  non-employee  directors  and 
consultants. Our prior equity incentive plan was terminated effective as of November 30, 2009.  

We estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The 
Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting 
restrictions and are fully transferable. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions. Black-
Scholes uses assumptions related to volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the dividend yield (which we assume to be zero, as 
we have not paid any cash dividends) and employee exercise behavior. Expected volatilities used in the model are based on 
the historical volatility of our stock price. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect in 
the period of grant. The expected life of stock option grants is derived from historical experience. The fair value of restricted 
stock shares granted is based on the market price of our common stock on the date of grant. We amortize the estimated fair 
value of our stock awards to expense over the related vesting periods. 

The Company did not grant any options during fiscal 2016 or 2015. 

We did not have any options exercised during fiscal 2016 or fiscal 2015. All remaining outstanding stock options are fully 
vested and all related compensation cost was fully recognized at June 30, 2014. No options vested during the fiscal years 
ended June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015.  

On March 19, 2015, we granted 105,000 restricted stock shares to the members of our Board of Directors and certain key 
members of our management team pursuant to our 2009 Omnibus Incentive plan. These restricted shares partially vested, and 
the remainder will continue to vest over three years and the unvested portion of these shares cannot be sold or otherwise 
transferred and the rights to receive dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, are forfeitable until the shares become 
vested. During fiscal 2016, we granted a total of 208,000 restricted stock shares to the members of our Board of Directors 
and certain key members of our management team pursuant to our 2009 Omnibus Incentive plan. These restricted stock grants 
will vest over three or five years from the date of grant and the unvested shares cannot be sold or otherwise transferred and 
the rights to receive dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, are forfeitable until the shares become vested. There 
were 193,012 vested restricted stock shares as of June 30, 2016 and there were 93,866 vested restricted stock shares as of 

38 

 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
June 30, 2015. The total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock shares amounted to 
$2.3 million at June 30, 2016 and the weighted average remaining requisite service period of unvested restricted stock shares 
was 1.6 years. The weighted average fair value of restricted stock shares granted during fiscal 2016 was $9.86. The weighted 
average fair value of restricted stock shares granted during fiscal 2015 was $5.51.  

Use of Estimates  

Our management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, revenue 
and  expenses,  and  the  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities  to  prepare  these  consolidated  financial  statements  in 
conformity with GAAP. Actual results could differ from those estimates.  

Net Income per Common Share  

We compute basic net income per common share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during 
the period, and diluted net income per common share using the additional dilutive effect of all dilutive securities. The dilutive 
impact of stock options and restricted shares account for the additional weighted average shares of common stock outstanding 
for our diluted net income per common share computation. We calculated basic and diluted net income per common share as 
follows (in thousands, except per share data):  

Numerator 
Net income ..............................................................................................................  $ 
Denominator 
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding ..............................................    
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock shares.....................................    
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding ...........................................    
Basic net income per common share .......................................................................  $ 
Diluted net income per common share ....................................................................  $ 

No shares related to stock options were excluded for the year ended June 30, 2016. 

For the Years Ended June 30,

2016 

2015

9,546    $ 

6,524      
117      
6,641      
1.46    $ 
1.44    $ 

3,346 

6,753 
53 
6,806 
0.50 
0.49 

We excluded shares related to stock options totaling 151,000 shares of common stock for the year ended June 30, 2015, from 
the calculation of diluted net income per common share, as the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. 

Concentrations of Credit Risk  

Financial  instruments  that  subject  us  to  concentrations  of  credit  risk  consist  primarily  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and 
accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with highly rated financial institutions. Credit risk with respect 
to receivables is concentrated with our two largest customers, whose receivable balances collectively represented 61.1% of 
gross accounts receivable at June 30, 2016 and 25.8% at June 30, 2015. Additionally, amounts due related to our beta-alanine 
raw material sales were 14.6% of gross accounts receivable at June 30, 2016, and 26.0% of gross accounts receivable at  
June  30, 2015.  Concentrations  of credit  risk  related  to  the remaining  accounts  receivable  balances  are  limited  due  to  the 
number of customers comprising our remaining customer base.  

B. Inventories  

Inventories, net, consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands):  

Raw materials .........................................................................................  $ 
Work in progress ....................................................................................    
Finished goods .......................................................................................    
Reserve ...................................................................................................    
 $ 

14,751    $ 
3,487      
2,832      
(302)     
20,768    $ 

9,744 
1,552 
1,603 
(335)
12,564 

2016

2015

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C. Property and Equipment  

Property and equipment consisted of the following at June 30 (dollars in thousands):  

Land........................................................................................................    
Building and building improvements .....................................................  
Machinery and equipment ......................................................................  
Office equipment and furniture ..............................................................  
Vehicles ..................................................................................................  
Leasehold improvements ........................................................................  
Total property and equipment ................................................................    
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization ..................................    
Property and equipment, net ...................................................................    

D. Other comprehensive loss 

Depreciable 
Life 
In Years
NA
7 –  39 
3 –  12 
3 –  5 
  3 
1 –  15 

     $

    $

2016  

2015

1,200    $
3,324      
23,846      
2,994      
209      
15,261      
46,834      
(31,667)     
15,167    $

393 
2,793 
26,444 
3,168 
209 
11,244 
44,251 
(36,618)
7,633 

Other comprehensive (loss) income consisted of the following at June 30 (dollars in thousands):  

Year Ended June 30, 2016 
Unrealized  
Losses on Cash  
Flow Hedges 

Defined Benefit 
Pension Plan

Total

Balance as of June 30, 2015 .................................................  $ 

Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications ...............    
Amounts reclassified from OCI ...........................................    

Tax effect of OCI activity ....................................................    
Other comprehensive loss ....................................................    
Balance as of June 30, 2016 .................................................  $ 

(643) $ 

(232)   
19      

81     
(132)   
(775) $ 

(123)   $ 

414      
(74)     

(122)     
218      
95    $ 

Year Ended June 30, 2015 
Unrealized 
Losses on Cash 
Flow Hedges 

Defined Benefit  
Pension Plan

Total

Balance as of June 30, 2014 .................................................  $ 

Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications ...............    
Amounts reclassified from OCI ...........................................    

Tax effect of OCI activity ....................................................    
Other comprehensive loss ....................................................    
Balance as of June 30, 2015 .................................................  $ 

(502) $ 

(176)   
(49)   

84     
(141)   
(643) $ 

33    $ 

2,228      
(2,461)     

77      
(156)     
(123)   $ 

E. Debt  

(766)

182 
(55)

(41)
86 
(680)

(469)

2,052 
(2,510)

161 
(297)
(766)

On February 1, 2016, we executed a new Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. The Credit Agreement replaces the 
previous credit facility and increases our credit line from $5.0 million to $10.0 million. The line of credit may be used to 
finance working capital requirements. There was no commitment fee required as part of this agreement. There are no amounts 
currently drawn under the line of credit. 

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Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, borrowings are subject to eligibility requirements including maintaining (i) a ratio 
of total liabilities to tangible net worth of not greater than 1.25 to 1.0 at any time; and (ii) a ratio of total current assets to total 
current liabilities of not less than 1.75 to 1.0 at each fiscal quarter end. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit will 
bear  interest  at  a  fixed  or  fluctuating  interest  rate  as  elected  by  NAI  from  time  to  time;  provided,  however,  that  if  the 
outstanding principal amount is less than $100,000 such amount shall bear interest at the then applicable fluctuating rate of 
interest. If elected, the fluctuating rate per annum would be equal to 1.25% above the daily one month LIBOR rate as in effect 
from time to time. If a fixed rate is elected, it would equal a per annum rate of 1.25% above the LIBOR rate in effect on the 
first day of the applicable fixed rate term. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit must be paid in full on or before 
January 31, 2019. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fluctuating interest rate may be prepaid at any time without 
penalty. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fixed interest rate may be prepaid at any time in minimum amounts of 
$100,000, subject to a prepayment fee equal to the sum of the discounted monthly differences for each month from the month 
of prepayment through the month in which the then applicable fixed rate term matures.  

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by our accounts receivable and other rights to payment, general 
intangibles, inventory, equipment and fixtures. We also have a foreign exchange facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. in 
effect until January 31, 2019, and with Bank of America, N.A. in effect until August 15, 2017.  

On June 30, 2016, we were in compliance with all of the financial and other covenants required under the Credit Agreement.  

On  September 22, 2006, NAIE, our wholly owned subsidiary,  entered  into  a  credit facility  with  Credit  Suisse  to provide 
NAIE with a credit line of up to CHF 1.3 million, or approximately $1.3 million, which was the initial maximum aggregate 
amount that could be outstanding at any one time under the credit facility. This maximum amount is reduced annually by 
CHF  160,000,  or  approximately  $163,000.  On  February 19,  2007,  NAIE  amended  its  credit  facility  to  provide  that  the 
maximum  aggregate  amount  that  may  be  outstanding  under  the  facility  cannot  be  reduced  below  CHF  500,000,  or 
approximately $510,000. As of June 30, 2016, there was no outstanding balance under this credit facility.  

Under its credit facility, NAIE may draw amounts either as current account loan credits to its current or future bank accounts 
or as fixed loans with a maximum term of 24 months. Current account loans will bear interest at the rate of 5% per annum. 
Fixed  loans  will  bear  interest  at  a  rate  determined  by  the  parties  based  on  current  market  conditions  and  must  be  repaid 
pursuant to a repayment schedule established by the parties at the time of the loan. If a fixed loan is repaid early at NAIE’s 
election or in connection with the termination of the credit facility, NAIE will be charged a pre-payment penalty equal to 
0.1% of the principal amount of the fixed loan or CHF 1,000 (approximately $1,020), whichever is greater. The bank reserves 
the right to refuse individual requests for an advance under the credit facility, although its exercise of such right will not have 
the effect of terminating the credit facility as a whole. 

We did not use our working capital line of credit nor did we have any long-term debt outstanding during the year ended  
June 30, 2016. As of June 30, 2016, we had $10.5 million available under our credit facilities.  

F. Income Taxes  

During fiscal 2016, we recorded U.S.-based domestic tax expense of $3.6 million on U.S.-based income from continuing 
operations, which was offset by the release of our deferred tax asset valuation of $193,000 resulting in a net domestic tax 
expense of $3.4 million. We released our deferred tax asset valuation based on historical and projected operating performance, 
as  well  as  our  expectation  that  our  operations  will  generate  sufficient  taxable  income  in  future  periods  to  realize  the  tax 
benefits associated with the deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance activity did not have any impact on the tax expense 
and related liability recorded for operating income recognized by NAIE during the years ended June 30, 2016 or June 30, 
2015. 

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The provision for income taxes for the years ended June 30 consisted of the following (in thousands):  

2016

2015  

Current: 

Federal ................................................................................................  $ 
State ....................................................................................................    
Foreign ................................................................................................    

Deferred: 

Federal ................................................................................................    
State ....................................................................................................    
Valuation allowance ...........................................................................    

Provision for income taxes ............................................................................  $ 

3,339    $ 
138      
629      
4,106      

46      
67      
(193)     
(80)     
4,026    $ 

Net deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of June 30 were as follows (in thousands):  

2016

2015  

Deferred tax assets: 

Inventory capitalization ......................................................................  $ 
Pension liability ..................................................................................    
Accrued bonus ....................................................................................    
Net operating loss carry forward ........................................................    
Deferred rent .......................................................................................    
Accumulated depreciation and amortization ......................................    
Stock-based compensation..................................................................    
Tax credit carry forward .....................................................................    
Accrued vacation expense ..................................................................    
Other, net ............................................................................................    
Total gross deferred tax assets .......................................................................    
Deferred tax liabilities: 

Prepaid expenses ................................................................................    
Other ...................................................................................................    
Deferred tax liabilities ...................................................................................    
Valuation allowance ......................................................................................    
Net deferred tax assets ...................................................................................  $ 

576    $ 
403      
391      
298      
175      
158      
154      
138      
130      
64      
2,487      

(260)     
—      
(260)     
–      
2,227    $ 

396 
41 
450 
887 

125 
(51)
— 
74 
961 

167 
322 
107 
439 
143 
897 
130 
88 
106 
13 
2,412 

(189)
— 
(189)
(193)
2,030 

At June 30, 2016, we had state tax net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $5.1 million. Under California tax law, 
net operating loss deductions were suspended for tax years beginning in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 and the carry forward 
periods of any net operating losses not utilized due to such suspension were extended. Our state tax loss carry forwards will 
begin to expire in fiscal 2022, unless used before their expiration.  

Pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the annual use of the net operating 
loss carry forwards and research and development tax credits could be limited by any greater than 50% ownership change 
during any three-year testing period. We did not have any ownership changes that met this criterion during the fiscal years 
ended June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015.  

We are subject to taxation in the U.S., Switzerland and various state jurisdictions. Our tax years for the fiscal year ended 
June 30, 2013 and forward are subject to examination by the U.S. tax authorities and our years for the fiscal year ended  
June 30, 2008 and forward are subject to examination by the state tax authorities. Our tax years for the fiscal year ended 
June 30, 2015 and forward are subject to examination by the Switzerland tax authorities.  

NAIE’s effective tax rate for Swiss federal, cantonal and communal taxes is approximately 18.7%. NAIE had net income of 
$2.7  million  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 30,  2016.  Undistributed  earnings  of  NAIE  amounted  to  approximately  $17.8 
million at June 30, 2016. These earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no provision for U.S. 
federal taxes has been provided thereon.  

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A reconciliation of income tax provision computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 34% to net income 
before income taxes for the year ended June 30 is as follows (dollars in thousands):  

2016

2015  

Income taxes computed at statutory federal income tax rate ........................  $ 
State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense ................................    
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes.....................................................    
Foreign tax rate differential ..........................................................................    
Adjust state deferred due to change in apportionment .................................    
Change in valuation allowance .....................................................................    
Other, net ......................................................................................................    
Income tax provision as reported .................................................................  $ 
Effective tax rate ..........................................................................................    

G. Employee Benefit Plans  

  $ 

4,614  
179  
19  
(514)      
(18)      
(193)      
(61)      
  $ 
29.7%     

4,026  

1,463  
7  
13  
(451) 
(25) 
—  
(46) 
961  
22.3%

We have a profit sharing plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Code, whereby participants may contribute a percentage of 
compensation  not  in  excess  of  the  maximum  allowed  under  the  Code.  All  employees  with  six  months  of  continuous 
employment are eligible to participate in the plan. Effective January 1, 2004, the plan was amended to require that we match 
100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2% of a participant’s compensation contributed to the plan. Effective January 1, 
2009,  we  elected  to  temporarily  discontinue  the  company  match  program.  The  match  program  was  reinstated  effective 
July 15, 2011. The total contributions under the plan charged to income from operations totaled $229,000 for fiscal 2016 and 
$225,000 for fiscal 2015.  

We  have  a  “Cafeteria  Plan”  pursuant  to  Section 125  of  the  Code,  whereby  health  care  benefits  are  provided  for  active 
employees  through  insurance  companies.  Substantially  all  active  full-time  employees  are  eligible  for  these  benefits.  We 
recognize the cost of providing these benefits by expensing the annual premiums, which are based on benefits paid during 
the year. The premiums expensed to operating income for these benefits totaled $847,000 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 
2016 and $1.1 million for fiscal 2015.  

We formerly sponsored a defined benefit pension plan, which provides retirement benefits to employees based generally on 
years  of  service  and  compensation  during  the  last  five  years  before  retirement.  Effective  June 21,  1999,  we  adopted  an 
amendment  to  freeze  benefit  accruals  to  the  participants.  We  contribute  an  amount  not  less  than  the  minimum  funding 
requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 nor more than the maximum tax-deductible amount.  

43 

 
  
  
 
     
 
    
    
  
  
  
 
 
 
Disclosure of Funded Status  

The following table sets forth the defined benefit pension plan’s funded status and amount recognized in our consolidated 
balance sheets at June 30 (in thousands):  

2016

2015

Change in Benefit Obligation: 

Benefit obligation at beginning of year .........................................................  $ 
Interest cost ....................................................................................................    
Actuarial loss .................................................................................................    
Benefits paid ..................................................................................................    
Benefit obligation at end of year .......................................................................  $ 
Change in Plan Assets: 

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year ................................................  $ 
Actual return on plan assets ...........................................................................    
Benefits paid ..................................................................................................    
Plan expenses .................................................................................................    
Fair value of plan assets at end of year ..............................................................  $ 
Reconciliation of Funded Status: 

Difference between benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets ..............  $ 
Unrecognized net actuarial loss in accumulated other comprehensive 

income ........................................................................................................    
Net amount recognized ......................................................................................  $ 

Projected benefit obligation ...............................................................................  $ 
Accumulated benefit obligation ........................................................................  $ 
Fair value of plan assets ....................................................................................  $ 

2,080    $ 
87      
272      
(110)     
2,329    $ 

1,642    $ 
74      
(112)     
(33)     
1,571    $ 

(758)   $ 

1,117      
359    $ 

2,329    $ 
2,329    $ 
1,571    $ 

1,901 
80 
144 
(45)
2,080 

1,719 
(5)
(45)
(27)
1,642 

(438)

904 
466 

2,080 
2,080 
1,642 

The weighted-average discount rate used for determining the projected benefit obligations for the defined benefit pension 
plan was 3.6% during the year ended June 30, 2016 and 4.4% for the year ended June 30, 2015.  

Net Periodic Benefit Cost  

The components included in the defined benefit pension plan’s net periodic benefit expense for the fiscal years ended June 30 
were as follows (in thousands):  

Interest cost .........................................................................................  $ 
Expected return on plan assets ............................................................    
Recognized actuarial loss ...................................................................    
Settlement loss ....................................................................................    
Net periodic benefit expense .........................................................................  $ 

2016

2015

87    $ 
(105)     
68      
55      
105    $ 

80 
(115)
46 
20 
31 

We  did  not  make  any  contributions  to  our  defined  benefit  pension  plan  in  fiscal  2016  and  do  not  expect  to  make  any 
contributions in fiscal 2017.  

The following is a summary of changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (in 
thousands): 

Net loss ...............................................................................................  $ 
Settlement loss ....................................................................................    
Amortization of net loss .....................................................................    
Plan expenses ......................................................................................    
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)  ..............................  $ 
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive 

income .......................................................................................................  $ 

2016

2015

304    $ 
(55)     
(68)     
32      
213    $ 

318    $ 

265 
(20)
(47)
27 
225 

256 

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The estimated net loss for the defined benefit pension plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive 
income into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year is $68,000. We do not have any transition obligations or prior 
service costs recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. 

The following benefit payments are expected to be paid (in thousands): 

2017 .........................................................................................................................................................     $ 
2018 .........................................................................................................................................................       
2019 .........................................................................................................................................................       
2020 .........................................................................................................................................................       
2021 .........................................................................................................................................................       
2022-2026 ...............................................................................................................................................       
    $ 

55 
74 
113 
124 
123 
705 
1,194 

The weighted-average rates used for the years ended June 30 in determining the defined benefit pension plan’s net pension 
costs, were as follows:  

Discount rate ...................................................................................................   
Expected long-term rate of return ....................................................................   
Compensation increase rate .............................................................................   

2016

2015

3.61%     
7.00%     
N/A  

4.33%
7.00%
N/A  

Our expected rate of return is determined based on a methodology that considers historical returns of multiple classes analyzed 
to develop a risk free real rate of return and risk premiums for each asset class. The overall rate for each asset class was 
developed by combining a long-term inflation component, the risk free real rate of return, and the associated risk premium. 
A weighted average rate was developed based on those overall rates and the target asset allocation of the plan.  

Our defined benefit pension plan’s weighted average asset allocation at June 30 and weighted average target allocation were 
as follows:  

Equity securities ....................................................................    
Debt securities .......................................................................    
Commodities .........................................................................    
Cash and money market funds ..............................................    

2016

2015  

Target 
Allocation

50 %   
47%   
—      
3%   
100%   

53%     
45%     
—       
2%     
100%     

49%
46%
2%
3%
100%

The  underlying  basis  of  the  investment  strategy  of  our  defined  benefit  pension  plan  is  to  ensure  that  pension  funds  are 
available to meet the plan’s benefit obligations when due. Our investment strategy is a long-term risk controlled approach 
using diversified investment options with relatively minimal exposure to volatile investment options like derivatives.  

The fair values by asset category of our defined benefit pension plan at June 30, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):  

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets 
for 
Identical Assets
(Level 1)  

Significant 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable
Inputs 
(Level 3)

Total

Cash and money market funds ......................    $
Equity securities(1) .......................    $
Debt securities(2)  ..................    $
Total ...........................    $

41  $
785  $
745  $
1,571  $

41  $
785  $
745  $
1,571  $

—     $ 
—     $ 
—     $ 
—     $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 

(1)  This category is comprised of publicly traded funds, of which 47% are large-cap funds, 28% are mid-cap and small-

cap, 8% are emerging markets equity funds, and 17% are international equity funds.  

(2)  This category is comprised of publicly traded funds, of which 6% are long-term fixed income funds,14% are high-yield
fixed  income  funds,  38%  are  intermediate  fixed  income  funds,  27%  are  REITs  and  MLPs  funds,  and  15%  are
international/emerging markets funds.  

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H. Stockholders’ Equity  

Treasury Stock  

On  June 2,  2011,  the  Board  of  Directors  authorized  the  repurchase  of  up  to  $2.0 million  of  our  common  stock.  On  
February 6, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized a $1.0 million increase to our stock repurchase plan bringing the total 
authorized repurchase amount to $3.0 million. On May 11, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized a $2.0 million increase 
to our stock repurchase plan bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $5.0 million. Under the repurchase plan, we 
may, from time to time, purchase shares of our common stock, depending upon market conditions, in open market or privately 
negotiated transactions. During the twelve months ended June 30, 2016, we purchased 52,603 shares at a weighted average 
cost of $6.26 per share and a total cost of $0.3 million including commissions and fees. During the twelve months ended  
June 30, 2015, we purchased 342,121 shares at a weighted average cost of $5.63 per share and a total cost of $1.9 million 
including commissions and fees.  

During fiscal 2016 we acquired 27,195 shares from employees in connection with restricted stock shares that vested during 
the year and during fiscal 2015 we acquired 17,540 shares in connection with restricted stock shares that vested during that 
year. These shares were returned to the Company by the related employees and in return the Company paid each employee’s 
required tax withholding. The valuation of the shares acquired and thereby the amount of shares returned to the Company 
was calculated based on the closing share price on the date the shares vested. 

Stock Option Plans  

On December 6, 1999, our stockholders approved the adoption of the 1999 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “1999 Plan”). 
The 1999 Plan was terminated effective as of November 30, 2009, and there are no more options outstanding under this plan.  

Effective as of October 15, 2009, our Board of Directors approved an omnibus incentive plan (the “2009 Plan”). The 2009 
Plan was approved by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on November 30, 2009. Under the plan, 
we may grant nonqualified and incentive stock options and other stock-based awards to employees, non-employee directors 
and consultants. As of June 30, 2016, a total of 1.1 million shares of common stock were reserved under the 2009 Plan for 
issuance to our employees, non-employee directors and consultants.  

Stock option activity for the year ended June 30, 2016 was as follows:  

2009 
Plan

Weighted 
Average 

Exercise Price   

Weighted 
Average 
Contractual 
Term 
(in years)  

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value

Exercised ................................................   
Forfeited .................................................   
Granted ...................................................   

Outstanding at June 30, 2015 ............................    185,000   $ 
—   $ 
(45,000) $ 
—   $ 
Outstanding at June 30, 2016 ............................    140,000   $ 
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2016 ...........    140,000   $ 

6.74      
—      
7.90      
—      

6.36   
6.36   

Restricted stock activity for the year ended June 30, 2016 was as follows (2009 Plan): 

4.58 
4.58 

    $ 
    $ 

805,000 
805,000 

Number of  
Shares

Weighted Average 
Grant Date Fair 
Value

Nonvested at June 30, 2015 ............................................................................    
Granted .................................................................................................    
Vested ...................................................................................................    
Forfeited ...............................................................................................    
Nonvested at June 30, 2016 ............................................................................    

204,134     $ 
208,000     $ 
(99,146)    $ 
(2,667)    $ 
310,321     $ 

5.42 
9.86 
5.31 
5.51 
8.43 

As of June 30, 2016, there were 508,104 shares available for grant under the 2009 Plan. 

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I. Commitments  

We lease a total of 162,000 square feet at our manufacturing facility in Vista, California from an unaffiliated third party under 
a non-cancelable operating lease. On July 31, 2013, we executed a third amendment to the lease for our manufacturing facility 
in Vista, CA. As a result of this amendment, our facility lease has been extended for an additional 10 year term through March 
2024. 

During February 2016, we sold our former corporate headquarters in San Marcos, CA and the property was leased though a 
sale-leaseback agreement through August 2016. The property was vacated during August 2016. We purchased the Carlsbad 
facility in March 2016 and began to occupy as our new corporate headquarters during August 2016.  

NAIE leases facility space in Manno, Switzerland. The leased space totals approximately 94,217 square feet. We primarily 
use  the  facilities  for  manufacturing,  packaging,  warehousing  and  distributing  nutritional  supplement  products  for  the 
European  marketplace.  Effective  July  1,  2014,  NAIE  entered  into  a  new  lease  with  its  current  landlord.  The  new  lease 
replaced, extended, and enlarged an existing lease between the same parties for the same building in Manno Switzerland. 
NAIE intends to improve portions of the additional space acquired by the new lease, and will continue to use the entire leased 
premises for offices, laboratory, warehouse and production. The new lease has a term of five years with a right for NAIE to 
extend the lease for an additional five years. The initial five year term expires on June 30, 2019.  

Minimum rental commitments (exclusive of property tax, insurance and maintenance) under all non-cancelable operating 
leases with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year, including the lease agreements referred to above, are set 
forth below as of June 30, 2016 (in thousands):  

Gross minimum rental commitments    $ 

2,826    $ 

2,781    $ 

2,778    $ 

1,394    $ 1,429    $ 

4,114    $ 15,322 

2017  

2018

2019

2020

    2021       

There-
after

    Total

Rental expense totaled $3.1 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 and $3.0 million for fiscal 2015.  

J. Economic Dependency  

We had substantial net sales to certain customers during the fiscal years ended June 30 shown in the following table. The loss 
of any of these customers, or a significant decline in sales or the growth rate of sales to these customers, or in their ability to 
make  payments  when  due,  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  our  net  sales  and  net  income.  Net  sales  to  any  one 
customer representing 10% or more of the respective year’s consolidated net sales were as follows (dollars in thousands):  

Customer 1 ....................................................................................................  $ 
Customer 2 ....................................................................................................    
Customer 3 ....................................................................................................    
 $ 

Fiscal 2016  

Fiscal 2015

49,442    $ 
13,952      
(a)      
63,394    $ 

29,724 
8,090 
11,018 
48,832 

(a)  Sales were less than 10% of the respective period’s consolidated net sales. 

Accounts receivable from these customers totaled $8.1 million at June 30, 2016 and $4.6 million at June 30, 2015.  

We buy certain products, including beta-alanine, from a limited number of raw material suppliers. The loss of any of these 
suppliers could have a material adverse impact on our net sales and net income. During fiscal 2016 and 2015, we did not have 
any suppliers that individually represented greater than 10% of our raw material purchases.  

K. Derivatives and Hedging  

We  are  exposed  to  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  fluctuations  in  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  relating  to  forecasted 
product sales denominated in foreign currencies and transactions of NAIE, our foreign subsidiary. As part of our overall 
strategy to manage the level of exposure to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, we may use foreign 
exchange contracts in the form of forward contracts. There can be no guarantee any such contracts, to the extent we enter into 
such contracts, will be effective hedges against our foreign currency exchange risk.  

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During the year ended June 30, 2016 and prior, we entered into forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges primarily 
to protect against the foreign exchange risks inherent in our forecasted sales of products at prices denominated in currencies 
other than the U.S. dollar. These contracts are expected to be settled through August 2017. For derivative instruments that 
are  designated  and  qualify  as  cash  flow  hedges,  we  record  the  effective  portion  of  the  gain  or  loss  on  the  derivative  in 
accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and subsequently reclassify 
these amounts into earnings in the period during which the hedged transaction is recognized in earnings.  

For foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges, hedge effectiveness is measured using the spot rate. Changes 
in the spot-forward differential are excluded from the test of hedge effectiveness and are recorded currently in earnings as 
interest expense. We measure effectiveness by comparing the cumulative change in the hedge contract with the cumulative 
change in the hedged item. During the year ended June 30, 2016, we did not have any losses or gains related to the ineffective 
portion of our hedging instruments. No hedging relationships were terminated as a result of ineffective hedging or forecasted 
transactions no longer probable of occurring for foreign currency forward contracts. We monitor the probability of forecasted 
transactions as part of the hedge effectiveness testing on a quarterly basis.  

As of June 30, 2016, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange contracts were $19.0 million (EUR 16.8 million). As of 
June 30, 2016, a net asset of approximately $149,000, offset by $54,000 of deferred taxes, related to derivative instruments 
designated as cash flow hedges was recorded in OCI. As of June 30, 2015, a net loss of approximately $191,000, offset by 
$68,000 of deferred taxes, related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges was recorded in OCI. It is expected 
that $149,000 of the gross loss, as of June 30, 2016, will be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months along with the 
earnings effects of the related forecasted transactions.  

As of June 30, 2016, $226,000 of the fair value of our cash flow hedges was classified in prepaids and other current assets, 
$24,000 was classified other noncurrent assets, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended June 30, 2016, 
we recognized $413,000 of losses in OCI and reclassified $74,000 of gains from OCI to revenue. During the year ended 
June 30, 2015, we recognized $2.2 million of gains in OCI and reclassified $2.4 million of gains from OCI to revenue. 

L. Contingencies  

From time to time, we become involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary 
course  of  our  business.  These  matters  may  relate  to  product  liability,  employment,  intellectual  property,  tax,  regulation, 
contract or other matters. The resolution of these matters as they arise will be subject to various uncertainties and, even if 
such  claims  are  without  merit,  could  result  in  the  expenditure  of  significant  financial  and  managerial  resources.  While 
unfavorable outcomes are possible, based on available information, we generally do not believe the resolution of these matters 
will result in a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, or results of operation. However, a 
settlement payment or unfavorable outcome could adversely impact our results of operation. Our evaluation of the likely 
impact of these actions could change in the future and we could have unfavorable outcomes that we do not expect. 

M. Segment Information  

Our business consists of three segments for financial reporting purposes. The three segments are identified as (i) private-label 
contract  manufacturing,  which  primarily  relates  to  the  provision  of  private-label  contract  manufacturing  services  to 
companies that market and distribute nutritional supplements and other health care products, and (ii) patent and trademark 
licensing, which primarily includes direct raw material sales and royalty income from our license and supply agreements 
associated with the sale and use of beta-alanine under our CarnoSyn® trade mark, and (iii) branded products, which relates 
to the marketing and distribution of our branded nutritional supplements and consists primarily of the products sold under 
our Pathway to Healing® product line. 

Due  to  the  steady  decline  in  sales  of  our  Pathway  to  Healing®  product  line  over  the  prior  several  years,  we  decided  to 
discontinue the product line. All termination activities related to the Pathway to Healing® product line were substantially 
completed by December 31, 2014. We did not change the financial presentation in this report to reflect the branded products 
segment  as  “Discontinued  Operations”  as  the  wind  down  of  this  product  line  did  not  meet  the  criteria  for  discontinued 
operations presentation as prescribed by applicable accounting regulations (ASC 205-20). 

We evaluate performance based on a number of factors. The primary performance measures for each segment are net sales 
and income or loss from operations before corporate allocations. Operating income or loss for each segment does not include 
corporate  general  and  administrative  expenses,  interest  expense  and  other  miscellaneous  income  and  expense  items. 
Corporate general and administrative expenses include, but are not limited to: human resources, corporate legal, finance, 
information technology, and other corporate level related expenses, which are not allocated to any segment. The accounting 
policies of our segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note A.  

48 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Our operating results by business segment for the years ended June 30 were as follows (in thousands):  

Net Sales 

Private-label contract manufacturing ..................................................  $ 
Patent and trademark licensing ...........................................................    
Branded products ................................................................................    
 $ 

92,420    $ 
21,781      
–      
114,201    $ 

2016

2015

Operating Income 

Private-label contract manufacturing ..................................................  $ 
Patent and trademark licensing ...........................................................    
Branded products ................................................................................    
Income from operations of reportable segments .................................    
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments ....................................    
 $ 

12,184    $ 
6,153      
–      
18,337      
(6,079)     
12,258    $ 

2016

2015  

Total Assets 

Private-label contract manufacturing ..................................................  $ 
Patent and trademark licensing ...........................................................    
 $ 

66,375    $ 
7,800      
74,175    $ 

2016

2015  

69,670 
9,140 
698 
79,508 

5,172 
3,811 
248 
9,231 
(5,072)
4,159 

50,313 
3,503 
53,816 

Our private-label contract manufacturing products are sold both in the U.S. and in markets outside the U.S., including Europe, 
Canada, Mexico, Australia, South Africa and Asia. Our primary market outside the U.S. is Europe. Our patent and trademark 
licensing activities are primarily based in the U.S. and our branded products are only sold in the U.S.  

Net  sales  by  geographic  region,  based  on  the  customers’  location,  for  the  two  years  ended  June 30  were  as  follows  (in 
thousands):  

United States .................................................................................................   $ 
Markets outside the United States .................................................................     
Total net sales .....................................................................................   $ 

50,575    $ 
63,626      
114,201    $ 

43,671 
35,837 
79,508 

2016

2015

Products manufactured by NAIE accounted for 61% of net sales in markets outside the U.S. in fiscal 2016 and 74% in fiscal 
2015. No products manufactured by NAIE were sold in the U.S. during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.  

Assets and capital expenditures by geographic region, based on the location of the company or subsidiary at which they were 
located or made, for the two years ended June 30 were as follows (in thousands):  

2016 
United States ........................................................................  $ 
Europe ..................................................................................    
 $ 

Long-Lived 
Assets

Total 
Assets  

Capital 
Expenditures  

9,678  $
5,489   
15,167  $

49,755    $ 
24,420      
74,175    $ 

6,423 
4,018 
10,441 

2015 
United States ........................................................................  $ 
Europe ..................................................................................    
 $ 

Long-Lived 
Assets

Total 
Assets  

Capital 
Expenditures  

5,525    $
2,108     
7,633    $

34,988    $ 
18,828      
53,816    $ 

1,071 
637 
1,708 

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N. Subsequent Events 

On July 14, 2016, we purchased 24 forward contracts designated and effective as cash flow hedges to protect against the 
foreign  currency  exchange  risk  inherent  in  a  portion  of  our  forecasted  sales  transactions  denominated  in  Euros.  The  24 
contracts expire monthly beginning September 2016 and ending August 2017. The forward contracts had a notional amount 
of 30.5 million Euros and a weighted average forward rate of $1.12. 

50 

 
  
 
ITEM 9. 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND  
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 

None.  

ITEM 9A. 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures  

We maintain certain disclosure controls and procedures as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. They are 
designed  to  help  ensure  that  material  information  is:  (1) gathered  and  communicated  to  our  management,  including  our 
principal executive and financial officers, in a manner that allows for timely decisions regarding required disclosures; and 
(2) recorded, processed, summarized, reported and filed with the SEC as required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
and within the time periods specified by the SEC.  

Our  management,  with  the  participation  of  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  evaluated  the 
effectiveness  of  the  design  and  operation  of  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  as  of  June 30,  2016.  Based  on  such 
evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures 
were effective as of June 30, 2016.  

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting  

Management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  for  the 
Company, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 
2016. For this purpose, internal control over financial reporting refers to a process designed by, or under the supervision of, 
the Company’s principal executive and financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and 
other  personnel,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of 
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those 
policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect 
the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded 
as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of 
the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and 
(3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of 
the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.  

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements. 
Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.  

Management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of 
June 30, 2016 based upon criteria in an Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (COSO).  Based  on  this  assessment,  management  believes  the  Company’s 
internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 30, 2016 based on the criteria issued by COSO.  

This report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  Management’s  report  was  not  required  to  be  attested  to  by  the  Company’s 
independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to applicable law and rules that permit the Company to provide only 
management’s report in this report.  

(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting  

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter ended June 30, 2016 that 
have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.  

ITEM 9B. 

OTHER INFORMATION 

None.  

51 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
The information called for under Items 10- 14 of this Part III will be incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy 
statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on December 2, 2016, to be filed on or before October 28, 2016.  

PART III  

ITEM 15. 

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

The following documents are filed as part of this report:  

PART IV  

(1)  Financial Statements. The financial statements listed below are included under Item 8 of this report:  

•  Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2016 and 2015; 

•  Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 

2015; 

•  Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015; 

•  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015; and 

•  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

(2)  Exhibits.  The  following  exhibit  index  shows  those  exhibits  filed  with  this  report  and  those  incorporated  by

reference:  

52 

 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Exhibit 
Number 

3(i) 

3(ii) 

Description 

  Incorporated By Reference To 

EXHIBIT INDEX 

Amended  and  Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  of 
Natural  Alternatives  International,  Inc.  filed  with  the
Delaware Secretary of State on January 14, 2005 

  Exhibit 3(i) of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended December 31, 2004, filed with 
the commission on February 14, 2005 

Amended and Restated By-laws of Natural Alternatives
International, Inc. dated as of February 9, 2009 

  Exhibit 3(ii) of NAI’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
February  9,  2009,  filed  with  the  commission  on 
February 13, 2009 

4(i) 

Form of NAI’s Common Stock Certificate 

  Exhibit  4(i) of  NAI’s Annual  Report on  Form  10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2005,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 8, 2005 

10.1 

10.2 

10.3 

10.4 

10.5 

1999  Omnibus  Equity  Incentive  Plan  as  adopted 
effective May 10, 1999, amended effective January 30,
2004, and further amended effective December 3, 2004*

  Exhibit 10.1 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended December 31, 2004, filed with 
the commission on February 14, 2005 

Amended  and  Restated  Exclusive  License  Agreement
effective  as  of  September  1,  2004  by  and  among  NAI
and Dr. Reginald B. Cherry 

  Exhibit 10.11 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2004,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 14, 2004 

Exclusive  License  Agreement  effective  as  of
September 1, 2004 by and among NAI and Reginald B.
Cherry Ministries, Inc. 

  Exhibit 10.12 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2004,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 14, 2004 

First  Amendment  to  Exclusive  License  Agreement
effective as of December 10, 2004 by and among NAI
and Reginald B. Cherry Ministries, Inc. 

  Exhibit 10.13 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2004, filed 
with the commission on February 14, 2005 

Lease of Facilities in Vista, California between NAI and
Calwest Industrial Properties, LLC, a California limited
liability company (lease reference date June 12, 2003) 

  Exhibit 10.10 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2003, filed 
with the commission on November 5, 2003 

10.6 

Form  of  Indemnification  Agreement  entered 
between NAI and each of its directors 

into

  Exhibit 10.15 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2004,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 14, 2004 

10.7 

10.8 

Loan Agreement between NAIE and Credit Suisse dated
as of September 22, 2006, including general conditions
(portions  of  the  Loan  Agreement  have  been  omitted
pursuant to a request for confidential treatment) 

  Exhibit 10.36 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006, filed 
with the commission on November 1, 2006 

First  Amendment  to  Loan  Agreement  between  NAIE
and Credit Suisse dated as of February 19, 2007 

  Exhibit 10.41 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007, filed with 
the commission on May 14, 2007 

10.9 

2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan* 

  Exhibit D of NAI’s definitive Proxy Statement filed with 

the commission on October 16, 2009 

10.10  Manufacturing  Agreement  by  and  between  NSA,  Inc.

and NAI dated April 1, 2005 

  Exhibit 10.43 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

10.11  Manufacturing Agreement by and between Mannatech, 

Inc. and NAI dated April 22, 1998 

53 

  Exhibit 10.44 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

 
  
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
10.12 

10.13 

10.14 

10.15 

First Amendment to Manufacturing Agreement by and
between  Mannatech,  Incorporated  and  NAI  dated
May 23, 2003 

  Exhibit 10.45 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

Second  Amendment  to  Manufacturing  Agreement  by
and  between  Mannatech,  Incorporated  and  NAI  dated
July 1, 2003 

  Exhibit 10.46 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

Third Amendment to Manufacturing Agreement by and
between Mannatech, Incorporated and NAI dated July 1,
2004 

  Exhibit 10.47 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

Fourth Amendment to Manufacturing Agreement by and
among  Mannatech,  Incorporated,  Mannatech  Swiss
International GmbH and NAI dated January 1, 2008 

  Exhibit 10.48 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

10.16  Manufacturing  Sales  Agreement  by  and  between
Mannatech, Incorporated and NAI dated November 19,
2004 

  Exhibit 10.49 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

10.17 

10.18 

10.19 

10.20 

10.21 

10.22 

10.23 

10.24 

10.25 

10.26 

Amendment to Manufacturing Sales Agreement by and
among  Mannatech,  Incorporated,  Mannatech  Swiss 
International GmbH and NAI dated January 1, 2008 

  Exhibit 10.50 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

Exclusive  Manufacturing  Agreement  by  and  between
NSA, Inc., NAI and NAIE dated as of April 1, 2005 

  Exhibit 10.51 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2009, filed 
with the commission on February 16, 2010 

Amended  and  Restated  Employment  Agreement  dated
as of August 31, 2010, by and between NAI and Mark
A. LeDoux* 

  Exhibit 10.41 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2010,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 17, 2010 

Amended  and  Restated  Employment  Agreement  dated
as of August 31, 2010, by and between NAI and Kenneth
E. Wolf 

  Exhibit 10.42 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2010,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 17, 2010 

License  and  Fee  Agreement  effective  November  10,
2010 by and among Roger Harris, Mark Dunnett, Kenny
Johansson and NAI 

  Exhibit 10.40 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2010, filed 
with the commission on November 12, 2010 

Credit Agreement by and between NAI and Wells Fargo
Bank, N.A. effective as of December 1, 2010 

  Exhibit 10.1 of NAI’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
December  16,  2010,  filed  with  the  commission  on 
December 22, 2010 

ISDA  2002  Master  Agreement  dated  as  of  March  10,
2011 by and between Bank of America N.A. and NAI
(with Schedule dated March 10, 2011) 

  Exhibit 10.31 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011, filed with 
the commission on May 16, 2011 

First Amendment to Credit Agreement by and between
NAI  and  Wells  Fargo  Bank,  N.A.  effective  as  of
November 28, 2011 

  Exhibit 10.1 of NAI’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
December  27,  2011,  filed  with  the  commission  on 
December 30, 2011 

Revolving  Line  of  Credit  Note  made  by  NAI  for  the
benefit of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. dated November 28,
2011 in the amount of $5,000,000 

  Exhibit 10.2 of NAI’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
December  27,  2011,  filed  with  the  commission  on 
December 30, 2011 

First Amendment to Manufacturing Agreement by and
between NSA, Inc. and NAI effective as of April 1, 2012

  Exhibit 10.35 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012, filed with 
the commission on May 14, 2012 

54 

 
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
   
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
   
   
     
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
 
 
10.27 

10.28 

10.29 

10.30 

10.31 

10.32 

10.33 

10.34 

10.35 

10.36 

10.37 

10.38 

10.39 

10.40 

10.41 

First  Amendment 
to  Exclusive  Manufacturing
Agreement by and between NSA, Inc., NAI and NAIE
effective as of April 1, 2005. 

  Exhibit 10.36 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012, filed with 
the commission on May 14, 2012 

Second  Amendment  to  Credit  Agreement  by  and
between NAI and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. effective as
of December 7, 2012 

  Exhibit 10.38 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2012, filed 
with the commission on February 12, 2013 

Revolving  Line  of  Credit  Note  made  by  NAI  for  the
benefit of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. dated December 7, 
2012 in the amount of $5,000,000 

  Exhibit 10.39 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2012, filed 
with the commission on February 12, 2013 

Third  amendment  to  the  Lease  of  Facilities  in  Vista, 
California between NAI and CWCA Vista Distribution
77, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 

  Exhibit 10.40 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2013,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 19, 2013 

Second  amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated
Employment Agreement, by and between NAI and Mark
A. LeDoux, effective July 1, 2013* 

  Exhibit 10.41 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2013,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 19, 2013 

Second  amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated
Employment Agreement, by and between and Kenneth
E. Wolf, effective July 1, 2013* 

  Exhibit 10.42 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2013,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 19, 2013 

Third Amendment to Credit Agreement by and between
NAI  and  Wells  Fargo  Bank,  N.A.  effective  as  of
November 1, 2013 

  Exhibit 10.43 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2013 filed 
with the commission on February 12, 2014. 

Revolving  Line  of  Credit  Note  made  by  NAI  for  the
benefit of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. dated November 1,
2013 in the amount of $5,000,000 

  Exhibit 10.44 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2013 filed 
with the commission on February 12, 2014. 

Third  amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated
Employment Agreement, by and between NAI and Mark
A. LeDoux, effective July 7, 2014* 

  Exhibit 10.35 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2014,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 25, 2014. 

Third  amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated
Employment Agreement, by and between and Kenneth
E. Wolf, effective July 7, 2014* 

  Exhibit 10.36 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2014,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 25, 2014. 

Agreement  to  License  by  and  between  NAI  and
Compound Solutions, Inc. effective as of April 1, 2014

  Exhibit 10.37 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2014,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 25, 2014. 

Lease  of  Facilities  in  Manno,  Switzerland  between
NAIE  and  Mr.  Silvio  Tarchini  effective  July  1,  2014
(English translation) 

  Exhibit 10.38 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2014,  filed  with  the 
commission on September 25, 2014. 

Fourth  amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated
Employment Agreement, by and between NAI and Mark
A. LeDoux, effective October 1, 2015* 

  Exhibit 10.41 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015, filed with 
the commission on November 12, 2015. 

Fourth  amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated
Employment  Agreement,  by  and  between  NAI  and
Kenneth E. Wolf, effective October 1, 2015* 

  Exhibit 10.42 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015, filed with 
the commission on November 12, 2015. 

Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, by and
between  NAI  and  Michael  E.  Fortin,  effective
October 1, 2015* 

  Exhibit 10.43 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015, filed with 
the commission on November 12, 2015. 

55 

 
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
   
   
     
   
   
     
 
 
10.42   Credit  agreement  by  and  between  NAI  and  the  Wells

Fargo  Bank N.A. effective as of February 1, 2016 

  Exhibit 10.39 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended December 31, 2015, filed with 
the commission on February 9, 2016. 

10.43 

10.44 

Revolving  Line  of  Credit  Note  made  by  NAI  for  the
benefit  of  Wells  Fargo  Bank  N.A.  dated  February  1,
2016 in the amount of $10,000,000 

  Exhibit 10.40 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended December 31, 2015, filed with 
the commission on February 9, 2016. 

First  amendment 
the  Amended  and  Restated
Employment  Agreement,  by  and  between  NAI  and
Michael E. Fortin, effective September 1, 2016* 

to 

  Exhibit  10.44  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K 
dated  September 6,  2016,  filed  with  the  commission  on 
September 6, 2016 

21 

Subsidiaries of the Company 

  Filed herewith 

23.1 

31.1 

31.2 

Consent  of  Independent  Registered  Public  Accounting
Firm 

  Filed herewith 

Rule  13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)  Certification  of  Chief
Executive Officer 

  Filed herewith 

Rule  13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)  Certification  of  Chief
Financial Officer 

  Filed herewith 

32 

Section 1350 Certification 

  Filed herewith 

101.INS  XBRL Instance Document 

  Furnished herewith 

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 

  Furnished herewith 

101.CAL XBRL  Taxonomy  Extension  Calculation  Linkbase

  Furnished herewith 

Document 

101.DEF XBRL  Taxonomy  Extension  Definition  Linkbase

  Furnished herewith 

Document 

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document  Furnished herewith 

101.PRE  XBRL  Taxonomy  Extension  Presentation  Linkbase

  Furnished herewith 

Document 

  *  Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.  

56 

 
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
     
  
 
 
 
SIGNATURES  

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  Section 13  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  Natural  Alternatives 
International, Inc., the registrant, has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly 
authorized.  

Date: September 19, 2016  

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL,  INC.

By:  /s/ Mark A. LeDoux  
   Mark A. LeDoux, Chief Executive Officer 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 
persons on behalf of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.  

Signature 

Title

Date  

/s/ Mark A. LeDoux 
(Mark A. LeDoux) 

/s/ Michael E. Fortin  
(Michael E. Fortin) 

/s/ Joe E. Davis  
(Joe E. Davis) 

/s/ Alan G. Dunn  
(Alan G. Dunn) 

/s/ Alan J. Lane  
(Alan J. Lane) 

/s/ Lee G. Weldon  
(Lee G. Weldon) 

September 19, 2016 

September 19, 2016 

September 19, 2016 

September 19, 2016 

September 19, 2016 

September 19, 2016 

Chief Executive Officer and 
Chairman of the Board of Directors 
(principal executive officer) 

Chief Financial Officer 
(principal financial officer and 
principal accounting officer)   

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

57 

 
  
  
  
   
   
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
   
   
 
  
 
   
   
 
  
 
   
   
 
  
  
 
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CORPORATE	INFORMATION	

OFFICERS 
Mark	LeDoux	
Chairman	and	Chief	Executive	
Officer	

INVESTOR RELATIONS 
Natural	Alternatives	International,	Inc.	
1535	Faraday	Avenue	
Carlsbad,	California	92078	USA	

Kenneth	Wolf	
President,	Chief	Operating	Officer	
and	Secretary	

Michael	Fortin	
Chief	Financial	Officer	

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
Mark	LeDoux	
Joe	Davis	
Alan	Dunn	
Alan	Lane	
Lee	Weldon	

ANNUAL MEETING 
The	annual	meeting	of	the	
stockholders	will	be	held	at		
11:00	a.m.	PST	on	Friday,		
December	2,	2016	at	
Natural	Alternatives	International,	Inc.	
1535	Faraday	Avenue	
Carlsbad,	California	92008	

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED 
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
Haskell	&	White	LLP	
300	Spectrum	Center	Drive	
Suite	300	
Irvine,	California	92618	

CORPORATE COUNSEL 
FisherBroyles	LLP	
12707	High	Bluff	Drive,	Suite	200	
San	Diego,	California	92130	

TRANSFER AGENT & REGISTRAR 
Computershare,	Inc.	
211	Quality	Circle,	Suite	210	
College	Station,	Texas	77845	
T:	800-522-6645 
www.Computershare.com/investor	

TRADEMARKS 
NAI®, CarnoSyn®, SR CarnoSyn® are registered trademarks of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 
This report contains forward-looking statements that are not historical facts and information. These statements represent our intentions, 
expectations and beliefs concerning future events, including, among other things, our future operating results and financial condition, our ability 
to maintain the viability of our patents and generate revenues from the commercialization of our patents and trademarks, maintain or increase 
sales to new and existing customers, as well as the availability of quality raw materials, future economic conditions and the impact of such 
conditions on our business. We wish to caution readers these statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and 
outcomes for future periods to differ materially from any forward-looking statement or views expressed herein. Our financial performance and the 
forward-looking statements contained herein are further qualified by other risks including those set forth from time to time in the documents filed 
by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our most recent 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

NATURAL	ALTERNATIVES	INTERNATIONAL,	INC.	

Custom Formulating ● Blending ● Tablets ● Capsules ● Enteric Coating ● Powders 
Pre-Blends ● Packaging Solutions Including High Speed Bottling, Packets and Blister Packs 
Domestic and International Regulatory Support 

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 
1535	Faraday	Avenue	•	Carlsbad,	California	92008	USA	•	T:	760‐736‐7700	•	F:	760‐744‐9589	•	E:	info@nai‐online.com	

NAI EUROPE 
Centro	Galleria	1	•	Via	Cantonale	•	6928	Manno	•	Switzerland	•	T:	41‐91‐610‐8460	•	F:	41‐91‐610‐8470	

NAI JAPAN 
Yokohama	City	•	Kanagawa‐Ku	●	Japan	

004CTN1CAA

1-800-VITAMIN   •   WWW.NAI-ONLINE.COM