Quarterlytics / Consumer Defensive / Packaged Foods / Natural Alternatives International, Inc.

Natural Alternatives International, Inc.

naii · NASDAQ Consumer Defensive
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Ticker naii
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Consumer Defensive
Industry Packaged Foods
Employees 51-200
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FY2020 Annual Report · Natural Alternatives International, Inc.
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NATURAL ALTERNATIVES 
INTERNATIONAL, INC. 

CUSTOM CONTRACT MANUFACTURING 
OF SUPPLEMENTS SINCE 1980 

2020 ANNUAL REPORT 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s Letter to the Shareholders 

Dear Shareholders, 

Our  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  2020  presented  some  challenging  circumstances  as  we  navigated  the 
ongoing  global  COVID‐19  pandemic  (COVID‐19).    Our  facilities,  located  in  both  the  United  States  and 
Europe, have been able to, and continue to, operate as essential businesses providing our customers with 
products that aid in the health and wellbeing of their customers, which is even more important now than 
ever before.  We experienced a decline in sales and profitability during fiscal 2020.  Despite the challenges 
presented to us by COVID‐19, we finished fiscal 2020 strong and saw year over year sales and profitability 
growth in the fourth quarter.  The positive momentum in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 came mostly 
from  our  private‐label  contract  manufacturing  business  and  from  both  existing  and  new  customer 
relationships.    In  the  beginning  of  fiscal  2020  one  of  our  largest  customers  continued  to  experience 
softness in their sales but that trend reversed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 and was a major 
contributor  to  our  sales  growth  in  the  fourth  quarter.  We  believe  our  reputation  for  quality,  and  our 
financial capability will continue to enhance our ability to attract and retain customers to our state‐of‐the‐
art manufacturing facilities in both the USA and Switzerland, especially in light of the current pandemic.   

We began fiscal 2021 ‐our 41st year of operation‐ with plenty of momentum generated from the addition 
of new multi‐national customers and new customer products added during the prior year. As a result, we 
believe we are setting the table for significant sales growth in fiscal 2021 and beyond, which should also 
assist in reducing customer concentration factors.  Moreover, we continue to have a strong balance sheet 
that allows us to meet the dynamic service demands of new and existing customers. 

Our CarnoSyn® beta‐alanine sports nutrition business continues to experience challenges associated with 
competition from generic beta‐alanine and the unfortunate impact of COVID‐19 on the sports nutrition 
industry.    We  still  believe  strongly  in  the  potential  for  our  patent‐protected  sustained  release  SR 
CarnoSyn® beta‐alanine.  We believe there is ample opportunity for this product in the burgeoning healthy 
aging and wellness marketplace. We believe this market could be larger in size and scope than the sports 
nutrition channel where our instant release CarnoSyn® beta‐alanine has been so successful.   

Concluding our 40th year of operation, and embarking on our fifth decade, we are pleased with our internal 
identification  and  deployment  of  our  next  generation  of  leaders  in  various  disciplines,  including 
management,  quality  control,  product  development,  research,  material  management,  acquisition  and 
sales. 

We find more and more people globally embracing dietary supplementation with natural products. We 
remain committed to leading the responsible members of our industry and enriching the world with the 
best of nutrition.  

We thank you for your continued support of our worthy endeavors. 

Sincerely, 

Mark A. LeDoux 
Chairman of the Board 
Chief Executive Officer 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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UNITED STATES  
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION  
Washington, D.C. 20549  

FORM 10-K  
ANNUAL REPORT 
pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934  

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2020  

000-15701  
(Commission file number)  

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC.  
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)  

Delaware 
(State of incorporation) 

1535 Faraday Ave 
Carlsbad, CA 92008 
(Address of principal executive offices) 

84-1007839 
(IRS Employer Identification No.) 

(760) 744-7700 
(Registrant’s telephone number) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  

Title of each class 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share 

Name of exchange on which registered 
Nasdaq Global Market 

Title of Each Class 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share 

Trading Symbol(s) 
NAII 

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered 
Nasdaq Stock Market 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  

Indicate by check mark if Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (NAI) is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities 
Act of 1933.    ☐  Yes    ☒  No 

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  NAI  is  not  required  to  file  reports  pursuant  to  Section 13  or  Section 15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of 
1934.    ☐  Yes    ☒  No 

Indicate by check mark whether NAI (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that NAI was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing 
requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes     ☐  No 

Indicate by check mark whether NAI has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of 
Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that NAI was required to submit such files).    ☒  Yes     ☐  No 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, 
to  the  best  of  NAI’s  knowledge,  in  definitive  proxy  or  information  statements  incorporated  by  reference  in  Part  III  of  this  Form  10-K  or  any 
amendment to this Form 10-K.    ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether NAI is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company, or an 
emerging growth company. 

Large accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer 

☐ 
☐ 

Accelerated filer 
Smaller reporting company 

☐ 
☒ 

Emerging Growth Company 

☐ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with 
any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether NAI is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):    ☐  Yes    ☒  No 

The aggregate market value of NAI’s common stock held by non-affiliates of NAI as of the last business day of NAI’s most recently completed 
second  fiscal  quarter  (December  31,  2019)  was  approximately  $56,302,123  (based  on  the  closing  sale  price  of  $7.98  reported  by  Nasdaq  on 
December 31, 2019).  For this purpose, the shares subject to an irrevocable proxy in favor of the NAI Board of Directors, and all of the shares held 
by NAI’s officers, and directors, and their affiliates were assumed to be common stock held by affiliates of NAI. 

As of September 18, 2020, 6,521,921 shares of NAI’s common stock were outstanding, net of 2,334,756 treasury shares.      

Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference portions of NAI’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed on or 
before October 28, 2020, for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held December 4, 2020. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE  

 
 
 
 
   
  
 
  
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  

SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS  ......................................................................................  

PART I  

Item 1. 

Business .......................................................................................................................................................................... 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors .................................................................................................................................................................... 

Item 2. 

Properties ........................................................................................................................................................................ 

Item 3. 

Legal Proceedings ........................................................................................................................................................... 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures ................................................................................................................................................. 

PART II  

Item 5.  Market for Our Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ................... 

Item 6. 

Selected Financial Data ................................................................................................................................................... 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations .......................................... 

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ......................................................................................... 

Item 8. 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ............................................................................................................... 

Item 9. 

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure .......................................... 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures ................................................................................................................................................. 

Item 9B.  Other Information ........................................................................................................................................................... 

PART III  

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance .............................................................................................. 

Item 11.  Executive Compensation................................................................................................................................................. 

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ........................ 

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ................................................................ 

Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services ......................................................................................................................... 

PART IV  

Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules ................................................................................................................... 

SIGNATURES  ...............................................................................................................................................................................  

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SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS  

Certain statements in this report, including information incorporated by reference, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning 
of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Private Securities Litigation 
Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect current views about future events and financial performance based on certain 
assumptions. They include opinions, forecasts, intentions, plans, goals, projections, guidance, expectations, beliefs, or other statements 
that  are  not  statements  of  historical  fact.  Words  such  as  “may,”  “will,”  “should,”  “could,”  “would,”  “expects,”  “plans,”  “believes,” 
“anticipates,”  “intends,”  “estimates,”  “approximates,”  “predicts,”  “forecasts,”  or  “projects,”  or  the  negative  or  other  variation  of  such 
words, and similar expressions may identify a statement as a forward-looking statement. Any statements that refer to projections of our 
future  financial  performance,  our  anticipated  growth  and  trends  in  our  business,  our  goals,  strategies,  focus  and  plans,  and  other 
characterizations of future events or circumstances, including statements expressing general optimism or pessimism about future operating 
results, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this report may include statements about: 

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the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic (“COVID-19”), and other external factors, both within and outside of our control, 
on our business and results in operations, our employees, our supply chain and on our vendors and our customers;  
future financial and operating results, including projections of net sales, revenue, income or loss, net income or loss per 
share, profit margins, expenditures, liquidity, and other financial results; 
our ability to maintain or increase our patent and trademark licensing revenues; 
our ability to develop market acceptance for and increase sales of new products, develop relationships with new customers 
and maintain or improve existing customer relationships; 
inventory levels, including the adequacy of quality raw material and other inventory items to meet future customer demand, 
in particular assumptions regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; 
our ability to protect our intellectual property; 
future economic and political conditions, including implementation of new or increased tariffs; 
our ability to improve operating efficiencies, manage costs and business risks and improve or maintain profitability; 
currency exchange rates, their effect on our results of operations, (including amounts that may be reclassified as earnings), 
the availability of foreign exchange facilities, our ability to effectively hedge against foreign exchange risks and the extent 
to which we may seek to hedge against such risks; 
the outcome of currently pending litigation, regulatory and tax matters, the costs associated with such matters and the effect 
of such matters on our business and results of operations; 
sources and availability of raw materials, including the limited number of suppliers of beta-alanine meeting our quality 
requirements; 
the future adequacy and intended use of our facilities; 
potential manufacturing and distribution channels, product returns, and potential product recalls; 
future customer orders; 
the impact of external factors on our business and results of operations, especially variations in quarterly net sales from 
seasonal and other factors; 
our ability to operate within the standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Good Manufacturing 
Practices (GMP); 
our ability to successfully expand our operations, including outside the United States (U.S.); 
the adequacy of our financial reserves and allowances; 
the sufficiency of our available cash, cash equivalents, and potential cash flows from operations to fund our working capital 
needs and capital expenditures through the next 12 months and longer; 
the impact of accounting pronouncements and our adoption of certain accounting guidance; and 
other assumptions described in this report underlying or relating to any forward-looking statements. 

The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report and caution should be taken not to place undue reliance 
on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain events, risks, and uncertainties that are or may 
be outside of our control. When considering forward-looking statements, you should carefully review the risks, uncertainties and other 
cautionary statements in this report as they identify certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those 
expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks described under Item 1A of Part 
I and elsewhere in this report, as well as in other reports and documents we file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission 
(SEC). 

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PART I  

ITEM  1. 

BUSINESS  

General  

Our vision is to enrich the world through the best of nutrition. 

We are a leading formulator, manufacturer and marketer of nutritional supplements. Our comprehensive strategic partnerships with our 
customers allow us to offer a wide range of innovative nutritional products and services to such customers including: scientific research, 
clinical  studies,  proprietary  ingredients,  customer-specific  nutritional  product  formulation,  product  testing  and  evaluation,  marketing 
management and support, packaging and delivery system design, regulatory review, and international product registration assistance. 

As  our  primary  business  activity,  we  provide  private-label  contract  manufacturing  services  to  companies  that  market  and  distribute 
vitamins, minerals, herbal and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside 
the U.S. We also own a patent estate related to the raw material ingredient known as beta-alanine, which is primarily commercialized 
through the direct sale of this raw material and supply agreements with third parties for the distribution and use of this raw material under 
our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trademarks. 

History  

Originally founded in 1980, Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (NAI) reorganized as a Delaware corporation in 1989. Our principal 
executive offices are located at 1535 Faraday Ave, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Our U.S. manufacturing facility is located approximately three 
miles away in Vista, California. 

In January 1999, we formed Natural Alternatives International Europe S.A. (NAIE), a Swiss corporation, and our wholly-owned subsidiary, 
based in Manno, Switzerland. In September 1999, NAIE opened its manufacturing facility in Manno, Switzerland, which has grown over 
the ensuing years and currently possesses manufacturing capabilities in encapsulation, powders, tablets, finished goods packaging, quality 
control, laboratory testing, warehousing, and distribution and administration. 

In  1997,  we  obtained  certain  patent  rights  related  to  instant-release  beta-alanine  and  have  since expanded  this  patent  estate  to  include 
sustained-release  beta-alanine.  We  sell  these  products  under  our  trademarks  CarnoSyn®  and  SR  CarnoSyn®.  As  part  of  our  business 
strategy, we have sought to commercialize our CarnoSyn® patent estate through contract manufacturing and royalty and license agreements. 
We directly sell beta-alanine and license our related patent and trademark rights to others for use in or with their products. 

Unless  the  context  requires  otherwise,  all  references  in  this  report  to  the  “Company,”  “NAI,”  “we,”  “our,”  and  “us”  refer  to  Natural 
Alternatives International, Inc. and, other than “NAI” and as applicable, to NAIE. 

Overview of our Facilities and Operations  

Our U.S.-based operations are located in Vista and Carlsbad, California and include manufacturing and distribution, sales and marketing, 
in-house  formulation,  laboratory,  and  other  research  and  development  services.  Our  U.S.  manufacturing  facilities  were  recertified  on 
November  8,  2016  by  the  Therapeutic  Goods  Administration  (TGA)  of  Australia  after  its  audit  of  our  GMP’s.  TGA  evaluates  new 
therapeutic products, prepares standards, develops testing methods and conducts testing programs to ensure that products are high in quality, 
safe and effective. TGA also conducts a range of assessment and monitoring activities including audits of the manufacturing practices of 
companies who export and sell products to Australia. TGA certification enables us to manufacture products for export into countries that 
have signed the Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention, which include most European countries as well as several Pacific Rim countries. 
TGA certifications are generally reviewed every eighteen to thirty six months. During August 2016, TGA completed an inspection of our 
facilities and quality systems for compliance with good manufacturing practices, and a renewed GMP clearance was issued to NAI that 
would have expired on August 3, 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, TGA overseas GMP inspections have been suspended 
and as a result, at this time, NAI has been issued a 6-month extension of its current GMP clearance certificate. 

Our California facilities also have been awarded GMP registration annually since October 2002 by NSF International (NSF) through the 
NSF Dietary Supplements Certification Program and received “GMP for Sport” NSF Certified registration on February 16, 2009. GMP 
requirements are regulatory standards and guidelines setting forth necessary processes, procedures and documentation for manufacturers 
in an effort to assure the products produced by that manufacturer have the identity, strength, composition, quality and purity represented. 
The NSF Certified for Sport program focuses on minimizing the risk that a dietary supplement or sports nutrition product contains banned 
substances  and  was  developed  due  to  growing  demand  from  athletes  and  coaches  concerned  about  banned  substances  in  sports 
supplements.   The  program  focuses  primarily  on  manufacturing  and  sourcing  processes,  while  embedding  preventative  measures 
throughout.  NAI’s participation in the program allows us to produce products bearing the NSF Sport logo. 

Our U.S. operations have also been certified by Health Canada as compliant with the GMP requirements outlined in Part 3 of the Canadian 
Natural Health Products Regulations.  Health Canada is the department of the Canadian government with responsibility for national public 
health.  Health Canada has initiated work to modernize its regulatory system for food and health products.  Health Canada plays an active 
role in ensuring access to safe and effective drugs and health products while giving high priority to public safety and strives to provide 
information needed to make good choices and informed decisions regarding one’s health.  NAI was issued its initial certification by Health 

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Canada in December 2011 and received its most recent renewal in November 2019, which is valid until December 2022.  This approval 
demonstrates another level of regulatory compliance by NAI, and may also ease the approval process for our customers who import products 
into Canada. 

During  March  2015,  our  Vista  California  facility  became  certified  as  an  Organic  Processor  and  Handler  by  Natural  Food  Certifiers 
(NFC).   This  certification  demonstrates  our  facility  meets  the  USDA  National  Organic  Program  standards  and  allows  our  contract 
manufacturing  and  packaging  services  to  include  products  labeled  as  Organic.   The  certification  requires  annual  renewal  and  was  last 
renewed in November 2019. We are registered with the State of California, Department of Public Health Food and Drug Branch as an 
organic processor. Additionally, we are certified by various Rabbinical and Halal authorities to produce Kosher and Halal certified products. 
These certifications guarantee the manufacturing facility and processes for, and the ingredients of, certified products have been reviewed 
and found to be in compliance with the strict dietary laws of the respective Jewish and Muslim communities. 

NAIE operates a manufacturing, warehousing, packaging and distribution facility in Manno, Switzerland. In January 2004, NAIE obtained 
a pharmaceutical license from the Swissmedic Authority of Bern, Switzerland to process pharmaceuticals for packaging, import, export 
and sale within Switzerland and other countries. In March 2007, following the expansion of NAIE’s manufacturing facilities to include 
powder filling capabilities, NAIE obtained an additional pharmaceutical license from the Swissmedic Authority certifying that NAIE’s 
expanded facilities conform to their GMPs. In January 2013, following the additional upgrade of NAIE’s manufacturing facilities to include 
the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, NAIE obtained an additional pharmaceutical approval from the Swissmedic Authority certifying that 
NAIE’s  upgraded  facilities  conform  to  GMP.  We  believe  these  licenses  and  NAIE’s  manufacturing  capabilities  help  strengthen  our 
relationships  with  existing  customers  and  improve  our  ability  to  develop  relationships  with  new  customers.  NAIE's  last  Swissmedic 
inspection was conducted in August 2020 and we expect the renewed certification to be issued in the second quarter of fiscal 2021. 

In March 2019, the Japanese Minister of Health, Labor, and Welfare approved beta-alanine for use in Japanese food products. We have 
partnered with Shimizu Chemical Corporation of Hiroshima Japan to provide exclusive distribution of our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® 
beta-alanine in Japan. 

Business Strategy  

Our goals are to achieve long-term growth and profitability and to diversify our sales base. To accomplish these goals, we have sought, 
and intend to continue to seek, to do the following: 

• 

• 

leverage our state-of-the-art, certified facilities to increase the value of the goods and services we provide to our highly
valued  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customers  and  to  assist  in  developing  relationships  with  additional  quality
oriented customers; 

expand  the  commercialization  of  our  beta-alanine  patent  estate  through  raw  material  sales,  developing  a  new  sales
distribution channel under the Wellness and Healthy Aging category for our sustained release form of beta-alanine marketed 
under our SR CarnoSyn® trademark, and exploiting new contract manufacturing opportunities, license agreements while
protecting our proprietary rights; 

• 

improve operational efficiencies and manage costs and business risks to improve profitability. 

Overall, we believe there is an opportunity to enhance consumer confidence in the quality of our customer’s nutritional supplements and 
their adherence to label claims through education provided by direct sales and direct-to-consumer marketing programs. We believe our 
GMP  and  TGA  certified  manufacturing  operations,  science  based  product  formulations,  peer-reviewed  clinical  studies  and  regulatory 
expertise collectively provide us with a sustainable competitive advantage and provide our customers with a high degree of confidence in 
the products we manufacture. 

While today’s consumer may have access to a variety of information, we believe many consumers remain uneducated about nutrition and 
nutritional supplementation, uncertain about the relevance or reliability of the information available to them, or confused about conflicting 
claims or information. We believe this state of the market creates a significant opportunity for the direct sales marketing channel. The direct 
sales marketing channel has proved, and we believe will continue to prove, to be a highly effective method for marketing high-quality 
nutritional supplements because it allows associates or other individuals to educate consumers on the benefits of science-based nutritional 
supplements. Our largest customers operate in the direct sales marketing channel. Thus, the majority of our business has relied primarily 
on the effectiveness of our customers in this marketing channel. 

We also believe there is significant opportunity with the commercialization of our patent estate through the introduction of CarnoSyn® and 
SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine into additional markets and with the introduction of new beta-alanine product offerings. Currently, a majority 
of our sales of CarnoSyn® are to companies that operate in the sports nutrition channel and are focused on products containing the instant 
release form of beta-alanine. We believe there are several other markets and distribution channels that represent growth opportunities for 
the distribution of CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine. We believe SR CarnoSyn® is a superior delivery system of CarnoSyn® 
beta-alanine based on its sustained release profile that allows for increased daily dosing and improved muscle retention of carnosine. We 
believe SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine is a vital component in the further commercialization of our patent estate outside of the sports nutrition 
channel. Our patents related to instant release beta-alanine extend through 2026 while our patents for SR CarnoSyn® extend through 2027. 

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We  believe  our  comprehensive  approach  to  customer  service  is  unique  within  our  industry.  We  believe  this  comprehensive  approach, 
together with our commitment to high quality, product development and manufacturing capabilities, will provide the means to implement 
our strategies and achieve our goals. There can be no assurance, however, that we will successfully implement any of our business strategies 
or that we will increase or diversify our sales, successfully commercialize our patent estate, or improve our overall financial results. 

Products, Principal Markets and Methods of Distribution  

Our primary business activity is to provide private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute vitamins, 
minerals, herbs, and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. Our 
private-label  contract  manufacturing  customers  include  companies  that  market  nutritional  supplements  through  direct  sales  marketing 
channels, direct to consumer ecommerce channels, and retail stores. We manufacture products in a variety of forms, including capsules, 
tablets, chewable wafers, and powders to accommodate a variety of our customer’s preferences. 

We  provide  strategic  partnering  services  to  our  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customers that  include  but  are  not  limited  to  the 
following: 

• 
customized product formulation; 
clinical studies; 
• 
•  manufacturing; 
•  marketing support; 
• 
• 
• 

international regulatory and label law compliance; 
international product registration; and 
packaging in multiple formats and labeling design. 

We also seek to commercialize our patent and trademarks through the direct distribution and sale of CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn®, new 
contract manufacturing opportunities, and various license and similar arrangements. 

For the last two fiscal years ended June 30, our net sales were derived from the following (in thousands): 

Private-label Contract Manufacturing ....................................   $ 
Patent and Trademark Licensing ............................................     
Total Net Sales .......................................................   $ 

Research and Development  

2020 

 $ 
106,291      
12,585      
118,876      

% 

89    $ 
11      
100    $ 

2019 

$  
121,598      
16,692      
138,290      

% 

88  
12  
100  

We are committed to quality research and development. We focus on the development of new science-based products and the improvement 
of existing products. We periodically test and validate our products to help ensure their stability, potency, efficacy and safety. We maintain 
quality control procedures to verify that our products comply with applicable specifications and standards established by the FDA and other 
regulatory agencies.  We also  both  direct  and  participate  in  clinical  research  studies,  often in collaboration  with  scientists  and  research 
institutions, to validate the benefits of an ingredient or a product and provide scientific support for product claims and marketing initiatives. 
We  believe  our  commitment  to  research  and  development,  as  well  as  to  our  facilities  and  strategic  alliances  with  our  suppliers  and 
customers, allow us to effectively identify, develop and market high-quality and innovative products.  

As part of the services we provide to our private-label contract manufacturing customers, we may perform, but are not required to perform, 
certain research and development activities related to the development or improvement of their products. While our customers often do not 
pay directly for this service, the cost of this service is often included as a component of the price we charge to manufacture and deliver 
their products. Research and development costs, including costs associated with international regulatory compliance services we provide 
to our customers, are expensed as incurred. 

Our research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 remained consistent at $1.8 million, compared to the same 
amount for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. 

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials  

We  use  many  raw  materials  in  our  operations  including  powders,  excipients,  empty  capsules,  and  components  for  packaging  and 
distributing our finished products. In addition, the commercialization of our beta-alanine patents and trademarks depends on the availability 
of the raw material beta-alanine. We conduct identity testing for all raw materials we purchase and, on a predetermined testing protocol 
basis, we evaluate raw materials to ensure their quality, purity and potency before we use them in our products. We typically buy raw 
materials in bulk from qualified vendors located both within and outside the U.S. 

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Our  contract  manufacturing  business  did  not  experience  any  significant  shortages  or  difficulties  obtaining  adequate  supplies  of  raw 
materials during fiscal 2020. However, due to COVID-19 there continues to be significant pricing pressures and supply chain challenges 
associated  with  various  raw  materials  and  packaging  components.  Additionally,  there  still  remains  uncertainty  related  to  existing  and 
potentially increased tariffs. Throughout fiscal 2021, we expect upward pricing pressures for raw materials, packaging components, and 
other costs will continue as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and the 
potential levy of tariffs on goods we import from overseas, including beta-alanine. 

Customers  

We have two private-label contract manufacturing customers that each individually represent more than 10% of our consolidated net sales. 
The loss of either of these customers could result in a significant negative impact to our financial position and results of operations. We 
continue to focus on obtaining new private-label contract manufacturing customers to reduce the risks associated with deriving a significant 
portion of our sales from a limited number of customers. 

Competition  

We compete with other manufacturers, distributors and marketers of vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, and other nutritional supplements 
both  within  and  outside  the  U.S.  The  nutritional  supplement  industry  is  highly  fragmented  and  competition  for  the  sale  of  nutritional 
supplements comes from many sources. These products are sold primarily through retailers (drug store chains, supermarkets, and mass 
market discount retailers), health and natural food stores, and direct sales channels (network marketing and internet sales). 

We believe private-label contract manufacturing competition in our industry is based on, among other things, customized services offered, 
product quality and safety, innovation, price and customer service. We believe we compete favorably with other companies because of our 
ability to provide comprehensive solutions for customers, our certified manufacturing operations, our commitment to quality and safety, 
and our research and development activities. 

Our future competitive position for private-label contract manufacturing and patent and trademark licensing will likely depend on, but not 
be limited to, the following: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the continued acceptance of our products by our customers and consumers; 

our ability to protect our proprietary rights in our patent estate and the continued validity of such patents; 

our ability to successfully expand our product offerings related to our patent and trademark estate; 

our ability to maintain adequate inventory levels to meet our customer’s demands; 

our ability to continue to manufacture high quality products at competitive prices; 

our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; 

the effect of any future governmental regulations on our products and business; 

the results of, and publicity from, product safety and performance studies performed by governments and other research
institutions; 

the continued growth of the global nutrition industry; and 

our ability to respond to changes within the industry and consumer demand, financially and otherwise. 

The nutritional supplement industry is highly competitive and we expect the level of competition to remain high over the near term. We do 
not have sufficient information to accurately estimate the total number or size of our competitors. The nutritional supplement industry has 
undergone consolidation in the recent past and we expect that trend may continue in the near term. 

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Government Regulation  

Our business is subject to varying degrees of regulation by a number of government authorities in the U.S., including the FDA, the Federal 
Trade  Commission  (FTC),  the  Consumer  Product  Safety  Commission,  the  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  the  Environmental 
Protection Agency. Various state and local agencies in areas where we operate and in which our products are sold also regulate our business, 
such as the California Department of Health Services, Food and Drug Branch. The areas of our business regulated by both these and other 
authorities include, among others: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

product claims and advertising; 

product labels; 

product ingredients; 

how we manufacture, package, distribute, import, export, sell and store our products; and 

our classification as an essential business and our right to continue operations during government shutdowns. 

The FDA, in particular, regulates the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, storage, labeling, promotion, distribution and sale of vitamins 
and other nutritional supplements in the U.S., while the FTC regulates marketing and advertising claims. In August 2007, a rule issued by 
the FDA went into effect requiring companies that manufacture, package, label, distribute or hold nutritional supplements to meet certain 
GMP’s  to  ensure  such  products  are  of  the  quality  specified  and  are  properly  packaged  and  labeled.  We  are  committed  to  meeting  or 
exceeding the standards set by the FDA and believe we are currently operating within the FDA mandated GMP. 

The FDA also regulates the labeling and marketing of dietary supplements and nutritional products, including the following: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the identification of dietary supplements or nutritional products and their nutrition and ingredient labeling; 

requirements related to the wording used for claims about nutrients, health claims, and statements of nutritional support; 

labeling requirements for dietary supplements or nutritional products for which “high potency” and “antioxidant” claims are
made; 

notification procedures for statements on dietary supplements or nutritional products; and 

premarket notification procedures for new dietary ingredients in nutritional supplements. 

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) revised the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 
concerning the composition and labeling of dietary supplements and re-defined dietary supplements to include vitamins, minerals, herbs, 
amino  acids  and  other  dietary  substances.  DSHEA  generally  provides  a  regulatory  framework  to  help  ensure  safe,  quality  dietary 
supplements and the dissemination of accurate information about such products. The FDA is generally prohibited from regulating active 
ingredients in dietary supplements as drugs unless product claims about such supplements trigger regulatory status, such as claims that a 
product may heal, mitigate, cure or prevent an illness, disease or malady. 

In December 2006, the Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act (the "2006 Act") was passed, and further 
revised the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Under the 2006 Act, manufacturers, packers or distributors whose 
name  appears  on  the  product  label of  a  dietary  supplement or  nonprescription  drug  are  required  to  include  contact  information  on  the 
product label for consumers to use in reporting adverse events associated with the product’s use and to notify the FDA of any serious 
adverse event report. Events reported to the FDA are not considered an admission from a company that its product caused or contributed 
to the reported event. We believe we are in compliance with the 2006 Act and we are committed to meeting or exceeding the requirements 
of the 2006 Act. 

We  are  also  subject  to  a  variety  of  other  regulations  in  the  U.S.,  including  those  relating  to  health,  safety,  bioterrorism,  taxes,  labor, 
employment,  import  and  export,  the  environment  and  intellectual  property.  All  of  these  regulations  require  significant  financial  and 
operational resources to ensure compliance, and we cannot assure you we will always be in compliance despite our best efforts to do so or 
that being in compliance will not become prohibitively costly to our business. 

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Our operations outside the U.S. are similarly regulated by various agencies and entities in the countries in which we operate and in which 
our products are sold. The regulations of these countries may conflict with those in the U.S. and may vary from country to country. The 
sale of our products in certain European countries is subject to the rules and regulations of the European Union, which may be interpreted 
differently among the countries within the European Union. In other markets outside the U.S., we may be required to obtain approvals, 
licenses or certifications from a country’s Ministry of Health or comparable agency before we begin operations or the marketing of products 
in that country. Approvals or licenses may be conditioned on reformulation of our products for a particular market or may be unavailable 
for  certain  products  or  product  ingredients.  These  regulations  may  limit  our  ability  to  enter,  or  continue  to  operate  in, certain  markets 
outside the U.S. As with the costs of regulatory compliance in the U.S., foreign regulations require significant financial and operational 
resources to ensure compliance, and we cannot assure you we will always be in compliance despite our best efforts to do so or that being 
in compliance will not become prohibitively costly to our business. Our failure to maintain regulatory compliance within and outside the 
U.S. could impact our ability to sell our products and thus, adversely impact our financial position and results of operations. 

Intellectual Property  

Trademarks. We have developed and use trademarks in our business, particularly relating to corporate, brand and product names. We own 
48 trademark registrations; including ten registrations in the U.S. Six of these U.S. registrations are incontestable. Federal registration of a 
trademark in the United States affords the owner nationwide exclusive trademark rights in the registered mark and the ability to prevent 
subsequent users from using the same or similar mark. However, to the extent any other business operator has acquired trademark rights in 
a mark by its consistent use of such mark in connection with similar goods or services in a particular geographic area, the nationwide rights 
conferred by federal registration can be subject to that user’s prior established non-statutory (“Common Law”) rights in that geographic 
area. In addition, rights in a registered mark are dependent upon the continued use of the mark in connection with the goods and/or services 
set forth in the registration. 

We have 37 foreign trademark registrations covering 41 countries including registrations for CarnoSyn and SR CarnoSyn in Australia, 
Brazil, Canada, China, Cuba, the European Union Intellectual Property Office, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, 
and South Korea. Registrations have also been obtained for CarnoSyn® and the SR CarnoSyn® logos in Switzerland and for CarnoSyn SR® 
in  Australia  and  the  European  Union.  We  currently  have  six  U.S.  trademark  applications  pending  and  three  International  applications 
pending.  We  also  claim  common  law  ownership  and  protection  of  certain  unregistered  trademarks  and  service  marks  based  upon  our 
continued use of the marks under common law. In some countries, such as the United States, Common Law offers protection of a mark 
within the particular geographic area in which it is continually and deliberately used. 

We believe our registered and unregistered trademarks constitute valuable assets, adding to the recognition of our products and services in 
the marketplace. These and other proprietary rights have been and will continue to be important in enabling us to compete; however, we 
cannot  assure  you  that  our  current  or  future  trademark  applications  will  be  granted  or  our  current  trademarks  or  registrations  will  be 
maintained. 

Trade  Secrets. We  own  certain  intellectual  property,  including trade  secrets,  which  we  seek  to protect,  in  part,  through confidentiality 
agreements  with  employees  and  other  parties.  We  regard  our  proprietary  technology,  trade  secrets,  trademarks  and  similar  intellectual 
property as critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of trade secrets, contract, patent, copyright and trademark law (including 
established but non-statutory law) to establish and protect the rights in our products and technology. The laws of certain foreign countries 
may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. 

Patents and Patent Licenses. We currently own nine U.S. patents and eighteen corresponding patents registered in countries throughout 
North America, Europe and Asia. We also have pending applications in several countries. All of these patents and patent rights relate to 
the ingredient known as beta-alanine. Certain of these patents were assigned to NAI and we make certain ongoing royalty payments to the 
prior owners of the patents. The royalty payments and licenses are expected to continue until the expiration of the patents. We also sell 
beta-alanine, and license our patent and trademark rights related to beta-alanine. These patents extend through 2027. 

Licensing, royalties, raw material sales, and revenues we have received associated with the sale and licensing of beta-alanine under the 
CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trade names were primarily related to the direct sale of the raw material beta-alanine and totaled $12.6 
million in fiscal 2020. We incurred intellectual property litigation and patent compliance expenses of approximately $2.0 million during 
fiscal 2020 primarily in connection with our efforts to procure and protect our proprietary rights and patent estate. We expect to continue 
to incur these types of litigation and compliance expenses during fiscal 2021. 

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Employees  

As  of  June 30,  2020,  we  employed  175  full-time  employees  in  the  U.S.,  three  of  whom  held  executive  management  positions.  Of  the 
remaining  full-time  employees,  40  were  employed  in  research,  laboratory  and  quality  control,  15  in  sales  and  marketing,  and  117  in 
manufacturing and administration. From time to time we use temporary personnel to help us meet shorter-term operating requirements. 
These positions typically are in manufacturing and manufacturing support. As of June 30, 2020, we had nine temporary personnel. 

As of June 30, 2020, NAIE employed an additional 87 full-time employees and 54 temporary employees. Most of these positions were in 
the areas of manufacturing and manufacturing support. 

In response to COVID-19, the state of California has taken measures intended to expand the availability of workers’ compensation or to 
change the presumptions applicable to workers compensation measures. These actions may increase our exposure to workers’ compensation 
claims and increase our cost of insurance. Additionally, the federal Families First Coronavirus Response Act (the “FFCRA”) expanded 
paid sick and family medical leave for employees affected by COVID-19. The FFCRA covers the cost of this paid leave with refundable 
tax credits. While we have yet to experience significant labor shortages due to COVID-19, there is no guarantee that we will be able to 
maintain or secure sufficient labor to continue manufacturing operations at needed levels. 

Our employees are not represented by a collective bargaining agreement and we have not experienced any work stoppages as a result of 
labor disputes. We believe our relationship with our employees is good, but we cannot assure this will continue in the future. 

Seasonality  

In addition to general economic factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends, such as major cultural events and vacation patterns. 
We manufacture and sell products to customers that operate in many different countries throughout the world and these seasonal factors 
vary by region. Although we believe the impact of seasonality on our consolidated results of operations is minimal, our quarterly results 
may vary significantly in the future due to the timing of private-label contract manufacturing and CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® beta-
alanine raw material orders. We cannot provide assurances future revenue trends will follow historical patterns. The market price of our 
common stock may be adversely affected by these seasonal factors. 

Financial Information about Our Business Segments and Geographic Areas  

Our operations are comprised of two reportable segments: 

• 

• 

Private-label contract manufacturing, in which we primarily provide manufacturing services to companies that market and 
distribute nutritional supplements and other health care products. 

Royalty, licensing, and raw material sales associated with the sale and license of beta-alanine under our CarnoSyn® and SR 
CarnoSyn® trademarks. 

Our private-label contract manufacturing products are sold both in the U.S. and in markets outside the U.S., including Europe, Australia, 
Asia and Canada. Our primary markets outside the U.S. are Europe and Asia. Our patent and trademark licensing activities are primarily 
based in the U.S. 

For  additional  financial  information,  including  financial  information  about  our  business  segment  and  geographic  areas,  please  see  the 
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report. 

Our activities in markets outside the U.S. are subject to political, economic and other risks in the countries in which our products are sold 
and in which we operate. For more information about these and other risks, please see Item 1A in this report. 

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ITEM 1A.  

RISK FACTORS 

When evaluating our business and future prospects, you should carefully review and consider the risks described below in conjunction with 
other information in this report and in other reports and documents we file with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below are 
not the only ones we face. Additional material risks and uncertainties, not presently known to us, or that we currently see as immaterial, 
may  also  occur  or  become  material.  If  any  of  the  following  risks  or  any  additional  risks  and  uncertainties  actually  occur  or  become 
material, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price of our 
common stock could decline and our stockholders could lose all or a portion of the value of their investment in our common stock.  

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted worldwide economic conditions and could have a material adverse effect on our 
operations and business.  

While our facilities have been able to continue to operate, the global COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in supply chains, affecting 
production  and  sales  across  a  range  of  industries.  While  the  disruptions  are  currently  expected  to  be  temporary,  there  is  considerable 
uncertainty around the duration and the impact of these disruptions. 

The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on the on-going and future impact on our 
customers, vendors, and availability of labor as well as the potential impact of future expanded local, state, or federal restrictions – all of 
which are uncertain and are difficult to predict.  

Out of an abundance of caution with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic and to increase our liquidity in response to the unknown risk from 
the pandemic, its potential to have a material negative impact on our business and as a preventative  measure to provide our business with 
the potentially needed additional liquidity resulting from such negative impact, we withdrew $10 million from our credit facility with Wells 
Fargo in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. While we are unable to determine or predict the nature, duration, or scope of the overall impact 
the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources, we believe we will be able to remain 
operational and our working capital will be sufficient for us to do so. However, there can be no assurance we will be able to obtain additional 
working capital in the amounts or in the timing that may become necessary, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results 
of operations. 

Because we derive a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of customers, our revenues would be adversely affected 
by the loss of a major customer or a significant change in their business, personnel or the timing or amount of their orders.  

We have in the past and expect to continue to derive a significant portion of our revenues from a relatively limited number of customers. 
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, sales to our largest customer, The Juice Plus+ Company, were approximately 44% of our 
consolidated net sales. During fiscal 2020, sales to Juice Plus+ declined 23% primarily as a result of reduced customer demand, and we 
cannot predict if sales to Juice Plus+ will increase or decrease in the future. We also have one other private-label contract manufacturing 
customer that represented 21% of our consolidated net sales during that same time period. During fiscal 2020 we terminated our ongoing 
relationship  with  one  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customer  who  in  some  recent  times  had  been  greater  than  10%  of  our 
consolidated net sales.  Due to uncertainty regarding the future operations of this former customer we recorded a $4.3 million accounts 
receivable and inventory reserve during fiscal 2020.  Sales to this discontinued customer were $7.0 million in fiscal 2020 and there is no 
assurance we will replace those sales. 

Although no other customers represented more than 10% of our consolidated net sales, the loss of one of our largest customers, or other 
major customers, a significant decline in sales to any of our largest customers, a significant change in their business model or personnel, or 
in their ability to make payments when due, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The 
timing of our customers’ orders is impacted by, among other factors, their marketing programs, their customer demand, seasonality, their 
raw material suppliers we are sometimes required to use, their supply chain management, their entry into new markets and their new product 
introductions, all of which are outside of our control. All of these attributes have had and are expected to have a significant impact on our 
business in the future. 

Our  future  growth  and  stability  depends,  in part,  on  our  ability  to  diversify  our  sales.  Our  efforts  to  establish  new  sales  from  both 
existing customers and new customers could require significant initial investments, which may or may not result in higher overall sales 
and improved financial results.  

Our business strategy depends in large part on our ability to develop new product sales from both current and new customer relationships. 
These  activities  often  require  a  significant  up-front  investment  including,  among  others,  customized  formulations,  compliance  with  a 
different  regulatory  schemes,  product  registrations,  package  design,  product  testing,  pilot  production  runs,  and  the  build-up  of  initial 
inventory. We may experience significant delays from the time we increase our operating expenses and make investments in inventory 
(and incur additional related carrying costs) until the time we generate net sales from new products or customers, and it is possible after 
incurring such expenditures we may not generate material revenue from new products or customers. If we incur significant expenses and 
investments in inventory that we are not able to recover, and we are not able to compensate for those expenses, our operating results would 
be adversely affected. 

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We currently derive significant revenues and income from sales of beta-alanine and from licensing our patents. Our ability to maintain 
or grow our sales of beta-alanine and license revenue from our other patents is contingent on our ability to continue to defend our 
patents, and commercialize the sale of beta-alanine under our instant release CarnoSyn® patents and trademark and our sustained 
release CarnoSyn® patents and trademark. 

We own multiple patents and trademarks related to the use of beta-alanine in food and nutritional supplements. A majority of our revenue 
and income from this segment is currently derived from activity related to licensing our patents associated with instant release beta-alanine, 
sold under our trade name CarnoSyn®. Fifteen patents related to CarnoSyn® expired in August 2017 and we have six remaining patents for 
this version of CarnoSyn®, of which the latest expires in 2026. Our patent and trademark licensing revenue decreased from $16.7 million 
in fiscal 2019 to $12.6 million in fiscal 2020 in part due to certain of our customers discontinuing the use of our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine 
in favor of generic beta-alanine. There is no assurance we will be successful maintaining our historical CarnoSyn® instant release beta-
alanine sales levels or growing future sales volumes with our remaining CarnoSyn® instant release patent estate. If we are not successful it 
could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. 

We believe SR CarnoSyn® is a superior delivery system for CarnoSyn® beta-alanine based on its sustained release profile that allows for 
increased daily dosing and improved muscle retention of carnosine. Our patents related to SR CarnoSyn® extend through 2027 and we 
believe the introduction of SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine is an important step in the further commercialization of our patent estate. There can 
be no assurance that we will be successful in getting the market to transition to this new form of beta-alanine or that we will be successful 
launching new products utilizing SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine. If we are not successful in either one of these goals, it could have a material 
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. 

We may continue to incur significant costs in the course of creating and defending our intellectual property. We may be unable to 
protect our intellectual property rights or may inadvertently infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.  

We possess and may possess in the future certain proprietary technology, trade secrets, trademarks, trade names, licenses, patents, and 
similar  intellectual  property.  We  may  continue  to  incur  significant  patent  and  trademark  litigation  costs  associated  with  creating  and 
defending our intellectual property. During fiscal 2020, we incurred approximately $2.0 million in patent litigation and prosecution expense 
and expect these expenses to be between $1.0 million and $1.5 million during fiscal 2021. There is no assurance we will be able to create 
new intellectual property, protect our existing intellectual property adequately or that our intellectual property rights will be upheld. If, as 
we have been in the past, we are again subject to legal proceedings seeking to invalidate our patent rights, such proceedings or the success 
of the efforts thereby could have a material adverse impact upon our financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the laws of 
certain foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S. Additional litigation 
in the U.S. or abroad may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary 
rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement. Such litigation, even if ultimately determined in our favor, could result in 
substantial additional costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and 
financial  condition.  If  infringement  claims  are  asserted  against  us,  we  may  seek  to  obtain  a  license  to  use  the  claiming  third  party’s 
intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance such a license would be available at all or available on terms acceptable or favorable 
to us. 

Possible new tariffs on imported goods from China and elsewhere could adversely affect our business operations.  

The  United  States  has implemented  new  and  increased  tariffs  on  a  wide  range  of  goods  and  materials  imported  from  China  and  other 
governments, in addition to tariffs previously imposed. These goods may include products and applications, including ingredients we or 
our customers require for their products, including beta-alanine.  Our ability to maintain or increase CarnoSyn® sales and licensing revenue 
depends on the availability of the raw material beta-alanine. In response, China and other governments have, or announced plans, to impose 
additional tariffs on certain American products if additional U.S. tariffs are imposed. Continuing or increased tariffs could have a material 
adverse effect on our customer’s businesses, the availability of beta-alanine, and the cost of our other products. While it is difficult to 
predict whether or how existing and additional potential tariffs will be imposed, or how tariffs will impact our business, we believe the 
imposition of additional tariffs by the U.S. or other governments on products we or our customers offer for sale, or ingredients we use in 
the products we manufacture could adversely impact our offerings and our customers, and such tariffs could have an adverse impact on the 
availability of raw materials we purchase including beta-alanine. 

Such results could adversely impact our ability to license our patents and trademarks, our ability to sell beta-alanine, and our customers’ 
ability to compete in the market place, resulting in reduced demand for our products, and products we manufacture for our customers. Any 
of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. 

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Our operating results will vary. We experienced declines in net sales and incurred a loss in fiscal 2020 and there is no guarantee our 
sales will improve or we will earn a profit in future years. Fluctuations in our operating results may adversely affect the share price of 
our common stock.  

Our net sales decreased during fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019, and there can be no assurance our net sales will improve in the near 
term, or we will earn a profit in any given year. We experienced a net loss in fiscal 2020 and may incur losses in the future. Our operating 
results may fluctuate from year to year and/or from quarter to quarter due to various factors including differences related to the timing of 
revenues  and  expenses  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  other  factors  described  in  this  report.  At  times,  these  fluctuations  may  be 
significant. We anticipate generating positive net income in fiscal 2021, although there is no assurance we will be able to do so. Fluctuations 
in our operating results may adversely affect the share price of our common stock. 

Our products and manufacturing activities are subject to extensive government regulation, which could limit or prevent the sale of our 
products in some markets and could increase our costs.  

The manufacturing, packaging, labeling, advertising, promotion, distribution, and sale of our products are subject to regulation by numerous 
national and local governmental agencies in the U.S. and in other countries. For example, we are required to comply with certain GMP and 
incur  costs  associated  with  the audit  and certification  of  our  facilities.  Failure to  comply  with  governmental  regulations  may result  in, 
among other things, injunctions, product withdrawals, recalls, product seizures, fines, and criminal prosecutions. Any action of this type 
by a governmental agency could materially adversely affect our ability to successfully market our products and services. In addition, if 
such  governmental  agency  has  reason  to  believe  the  law  is  being  violated  (for  example,  if  it  believes  we  do  not  possess  adequate 
substantiation for product claims), it can initiate an enforcement action. Governmental agency enforcement could result in orders requiring, 
among other things, limits on advertising, consumer redress, divestiture of assets, rescission of contracts, and such other relief as may be 
deemed necessary. Violation of these orders could result in substantial financial or other penalties. Any action by a governmental agency 
could materially adversely affect our ability and our customers’ ability to successfully market and continue selling the products involved. 

Before  commencing  operations  or  marketing  our  products  in  markets  outside  the  U.S.,  we  are  routinely  required  to  obtain  approvals, 
licenses,  or  certifications  from  a  country’s  ministry  of  health  or  comparable  agency.  Approvals  or  licensing  may  be  conditioned  on 
reformulation of products or even may be unavailable with respect to certain products or product ingredients. We must also comply with 
product labeling and packaging regulations that vary from country to country. Furthermore, the regulations of these countries may conflict 
with those in the U.S. and with each other. The sale of our products in certain European countries is subject to the rules and regulations of 
the European Union, which may be interpreted differently among the countries within the European Union. The cost of complying with 
these various and potentially conflicting regulations can be substantial and could adversely affect our results of operations. 

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations have been subjected to additional laws and regulations imposed by federal, state, 
and local governments and have primarily related to the ability for our employees to come to work and the safety measures that need to be 
in place in order for our facilities to remain operational. While we already had robust quality standards and procedures, we have had to 
constantly monitor these new regulations and implement additional procedures where necessary, including temperature checks, additional 
cleaning procedures, allowing administrative personnel to work remotely, etc. New or expanded regulations or our inability to continue 
operating as an essential business could adversely affect our results of operations. 

We cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations, or applications, nor can we determine what effect additional 
governmental regulations, when and if adopted, would have on our business. They could include new or revised requirements or restrictions 
related to the safe operation of our facilities due to the pandemic, or for the reformulation of certain products to meet new standards, the 
recall or discontinuance of certain products, additional compliance costs or record keeping requirements, expanded or different labeling, 
and additional scientific substantiation. Any or all of these requirements could have a material adverse effect on our operations. 

A significant or prolonged economic downturn, could have, and at certain times in the past has had, a material adverse effect on our 
results of operations.  

Our results of operations are affected by the level of business activity of our customers and licensees, which in turn is affected by the level 
of consumer demand for their products. A significant or prolonged economic downturn may adversely affect the disposable income of 
many consumers and may lower demand for the products we produce for our private-label contract manufacturing customers and products 
sold or manufactured by others using our licensed patent rights. Any decline in economic conditions in the U.S. and the various foreign 
markets in which our customers operate could negatively impact our customers’ businesses and our operations. A significant decline in 
consumer demand and the level of business activity of our customers, even if only due in part to general economic conditions, could have 
a material adverse effect on our revenues and profit margins. 

11 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
The  failure  of  our  suppliers  to  supply  quality materials  in  sufficient  quantities,  at  a  favorable  price,  and  in  a  timely  fashion  could 
adversely affect the results of our operations.  

We buy our raw materials from a limited number of suppliers. During fiscal 2020, one of our suppliers, Yasunaga Trading Company, LTD 
(Yasunaga),  represented  more  than  10%  of  our  total  raw  material  purchases.  During  fiscal  2019,  another  of  our  suppliers,  Capsugel 
Manufacturing  LLC,  represented  more  than  10%  of  our  raw  material  purchases.  Additionally,  during  fiscal  2019,  we  began  only 
sourcing our beta-alanine from Japan through Yasunaga Trading Company. The loss of any of our major suppliers or of any supplier who 
provides us materials that are hard to obtain elsewhere at the same quality could adversely affect our business operations. Although we 
believe we could establish alternate sources for most of our raw materials, any delay in locating and establishing relationships with other 
sources could result in shortages of products we manufacture from such raw materials, with a resulting loss of sales and customers. In 
certain situations we may be required to alter our products or with our customer’s consent to substitute different materials from alternative 
sources. 

A  shortage  of  raw  materials  or  an  unexpected  interruption  of  supply  could  also  result  in  higher  prices  for  those  materials.  We  have 
experienced increases in  various  raw  material costs,  transportation  costs  and  the cost  of  petroleum-based  raw  materials and  packaging 
supplies used in our business. Increasing cost pricing pressures on raw materials and other products have continued throughout fiscal 2020 
as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and impact of COVID-19. We 
expect these upward pressures to continue through fiscal 2021. Although we may be able to raise our prices in response to significant 
increases in the cost of raw materials, we may not be able to raise prices sufficiently or quickly enough to offset the negative effects such 
cost increases could have on our results of operations or financial condition. 

There can be no assurance suppliers will provide the quality raw materials needed by us in the quantities requested or at a price we are 
willing to pay. Because we do not control the actual production of these raw materials, we are also subject to delays caused by interruption 
in production of materials including but not limited to those resulting from conditions outside of our control, such as pandemics, weather, 
transportation interruptions, strikes, terrorism, natural disasters, and other catastrophic events. 

In addition, our efforts to maintain or increase sales of CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® and related supply agreements are substantially 
dependent  on  the  availability  of  the  raw  material  beta-alanine  and  sales  of  beta-alanine  or  products  incorporating  beta-alanine.  The 
availability of beta-alanine, and thus sales of such raw material and products using such material, could be negatively impacted by any 
shortages, interruptions and similar events described above, which could in turn adversely affect the amount of revenue and profit margin 
we earn from the sale of beta-alanine.  Additional tariffs imposed by any government on beta-alanine could have an adverse impact on the 
price we have to pay for beta-alanine and the availability of beta-alanine. 

Our industry is highly competitive and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively. Increased competition could adversely 
affect our financial condition.  

The market for our products, and those of our customers, is highly competitive. Some of our competitors are larger than we are and have 
greater financial resources and broader name recognition than we do. Our competitors may be able to devote greater resources to research 
and development, marketing and other activities that could provide them with a competitive advantage. Our market has relatively low entry 
barriers and is highly sensitive to the introduction of new products that may rapidly capture significant market share. Our competitors may 
not stress the level of quality we provide and could manufacture with a lower level of quality at lower costs. Our competitors are largely 
private and not subject to the same disclosure requirements as a publicly traded company. If consumers do not perceive higher quality as 
worth a higher price, our revenue could suffer. Increased competition could result in price reductions, reduced profit margins or loss of 
market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. There can be no 
assurance we will be able to compete effectively in this intensely competitive environment. 

We  could  be  exposed  to  product  liability  claims  or  other  litigation,  which  may  be  costly  and  could  materially  adversely  affect  our 
operations.  

We could face financial liability due to product liability claims if the use of our products results in significant loss or injury. Additionally, 
the manufacture and sale of our products involves risk of injury to consumers from tampering by unauthorized third parties or product 
contamination. We could be exposed to future product liability claims that include, among others, assertions that: our products contain 
contaminants; we provide consumers with inadequate instructions about product use; or we provide inadequate warning about side effects 
or interactions of our products with other substances. Even if we were to prevail in any such claims, the cost of litigation and settlement 
could be significant. 

We maintain product liability insurance coverage, including primary product liability and excess liability coverage. While we expect to be 
able to continue our product liability insurance, there can be no assurance we will in fact be able to continue such insurance coverage, or 
that such insurance coverage will be adequate to cover any liability we may incur, or that our insurance policies will continue to be available 
at a cost similar to our cost today, or even an economically reasonable cost. 

Additionally, it is possible one or more of our insurers could exclude from our coverage certain ingredients used in our products. In such 
event, we may have to stop using those ingredients or rely on indemnification or similar arrangements with our customers who wish to 
continue to include those ingredients in their products. A substantial increase in our product liability risk or the loss of customers or product 
lines, or the failure of a customer to honor indemnification agreements each could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations 
and financial condition. 

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If we or our private-label contract manufacturing customers expand into additional markets outside the U.S. or our or their sales in 
markets outside the U.S. increase, our business could become increasingly subject to political, economic, regulatory and other risks in 
those markets, which could adversely affect our business.  

Our future growth may depend, in part, on our ability and the ability of our private-label contract manufacturing customers, to expand into 
additional markets outside the U.S. or to improve sales in markets outside the U.S. There can be no assurance we or such customers will 
be able to expand in existing markets outside the U.S. or enter new markets on a timely basis, or that new markets outside the U.S. will be 
profitable. There are significant regulatory and legal barriers in markets outside the U.S. that must be overcome to enter and operate in such 
markets. We will be subject to the burden of complying with a wide variety of national and local laws, including multiple and possibly 
overlapping and conflicting laws. We also may experience difficulties adapting to new cultures, business customs and legal systems. Our 
sales and operations outside the U.S. are subject to political, economic and social uncertainties including, among others: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

changes and limits in import and export controls; 

increases in custom duties and tariffs; 

changes in government regulations and laws; 

coordination of geographically separated locations; 

absence in some jurisdictions of effective laws to protect our intellectual property rights; 

changes in currency exchange rates; 

economic and political instability; and 

currency transfer and other restrictions and regulations that may limit our ability to sell certain products or repatriate profits
to the U.S. 

Any changes related to these and other factors could adversely affect our business, profitability and growth prospects. If we or our customers 
expand into additional markets outside the U.S. or improve sales in markets outside the U.S., these and other risks associated with operations 
outside the U.S. will likely increase. 

Our business is subject to the effects of adverse publicity, which could negatively affect our sales and revenues.  

Our business can be affected by adverse publicity or negative public perception about us, our competitors, our customers, our products, or 
our industry or competitors generally. Adverse publicity may include publicity about the nutritional supplements industry generally, the 
efficacy, safety and quality of nutritional supplements and other health care products or ingredients in general or our products or ingredients 
specifically, and regulatory investigations, regardless of whether these investigations involve us or the business practices or products of 
our competitors, or our customers. Any adverse publicity or negative public perception could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition and results of operations. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if any 
of our products or any similar products distributed by other companies are alleged to be or are proved to be harmful to consumers or to 
have unanticipated and unwanted health consequences. 

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified management personnel, our business may suffer.  

Our executive officers and other management personnel are primarily responsible for our day-to-day operations. We believe our success 
depends largely on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management personnel. Competition for qualified individuals 
can be intense and has been increasing in recent years, and we may not be able to hire additional qualified personnel in a timely manner or 
on terms that would not substantially increase our costs. Any inability to retain a skilled professional management team could adversely 
affect our ability to successfully execute our business strategies and achieve our goals and objectives. 

Our manufacturing and third party fulfillment activities are subject to certain risks.  

We manufacture the majority of our products at our manufacturing facilities in California and Switzerland. As a result, we are dependent 
on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of these facilities. Our manufacturing operations, including those of our suppliers, are subject 
to power failures, blackouts, border shutdowns, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, human error, 
breakdown,  failure  or  substandard  performance  of  our  facilities,  our  equipment,  the  improper  installation  or  operation  of  equipment, 
terrorism,  pandemics  (including  COVID-19),  natural  or  other  disasters,  intentional  acts  of  violence,  and  the  need  to  comply  with  the 
requirements or directives of governmental agencies, including the FDA. In addition, we may in the future determine to expand or relocate 
our facilities, which may result in slowdowns or delays in our operations. While we have implemented and regularly evaluate various 
emergency,  contingency  and  disaster  recovery  plans  and  we  maintain  business  interruption  insurance,  there  can  be  no  assurance  the 
occurrence of these or any other operational problems at our facilities in California or Switzerland would not have a material adverse effect 
on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, there can be no assurance our contingency plans will prove to 

13 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
be adequate or successful if needed or our insurance will continue to be available at a reasonable cost or, if available, will be adequate to 
cover any losses that we may incur from an interruption in our manufacturing and distribution operations. 

We outsource our beta-alanine fulfillment and distribution activities as well as certain manufacturing activities. The operation of the third 
party service provider’s facilities is subject to the interruption risk and other risks similar to those  described above for our facilities and 
there can be no assurance these interruptions or any other operational problem at such third party’s facilities would not have a material 
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

We may pursue acquisitions of other companies that, if not successful, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and 
results of operations.  

We may pursue acquisitions of companies we believe could complement or expand our business, augment our market coverage, provide 
us with important relationships or otherwise offer us growth opportunities. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

potential difficulties related to integrating the products, personnel and operations of an acquired company; 

failure  to  operate  efficiently  as  a  combined  organization  utilizing  common  information  and  communication  systems,
operating procedures, financial controls and human resources practices; 

diverting management’s attention from other daily operations of the business; 

entering markets in which we have no or limited prior direct experience and where competitors in such markets have more
experience and stronger market positions; 

potential loss of key employees of an acquired company; 

potential inability to achieve cost savings and other potential benefits expected from the acquisition; 

an uncertain sales and earnings stream from an acquired company; and 

potential impairment charges, which may be significant, against goodwill and purchased intangible assets acquired in an 
acquisition due to changes in conditions and circumstances that occur after the acquisition, many of which may be outside
of our control. 

There  can  be  no  assurance  that  acquisitions  we  may  pursue  will  be  successful.  If  we  pursue  an  acquisition  but  are  not  successful  in 
completing  it,  or  if  we  complete  an  acquisition  but  are  not  successful  in  integrating  an  acquired  company’s  employees,  products  or 
operations successfully, our business, financial position or results of operations could be adversely affected. 

Collectively,  our  officers  and  directors  own  a  significant  amount  of  our  common  stock,  giving  them  influence  over  corporate 
transactions and other matters and potentially limiting the influence of other stockholders on important policy and management issues.  

Our officers and directors, together with their families and affiliates, beneficially owned approximately 24% of our outstanding shares of 
common  stock  as  of  June 30,  2020.  Approximately  16%  of  the  outstanding  shares  of  common  stock  are  beneficially  owned  by  Mark 
LeDoux, and his family and affiliates. Mr. LeDoux is our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. As a result, our officers and 
directors,  and  in  particular  Mr. LeDoux,  could  influence  such  business  matters  as  the  election  of  directors  and  approval  of  significant 
corporate transactions. 

Various transactions could be delayed, deferred, or prevented without the approval of stockholders, including the following: 

• 

transactions resulting in a change in control; 

•  mergers and acquisitions; 

• 

• 

• 

tender offers; 

election of directors; and 

proxy contests. 

There can be no assurance that conflicts of interest will not arise with respect to the officers and directors who own shares of our common 
stock or that conflicts will be resolved in a manner favorable to us or our other stockholders.  

14 

   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
We may not be able to raise additional capital or obtain additional financing if needed.  

It is possible our cash from operations could become insufficient to meet our working capital needs and/or to implement our business 
strategies. In such an event, there can be no assurance our existing line of credit would be sufficient to meet our working capital needs, if 
the line has any credit still available when needed. We currently have taken all of the funds available under our line of credit. If we did 
have additional credit available and we fail to maintain certain loan covenants, we may no longer have access to our credit line. Under the 
terms of our credit facility, there are limits on our ability to create, incur or assume additional indebtedness without the approval of our 
lender. Our credit line terminates in November 2022 and there is no guarantee we will be able to extend or renew this credit line on favorable 
terms or at all. 

We may consider issuing additional debt or equity securities in the future to fund potential acquisitions or investments, to refinance existing 
debt, or for general corporate purposes. If we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders 
may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing 
stockholders. If we incur additional debt, it may increase our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization, requiring us 
to pay additional interest expenses and potentially lowering our credit ratings. At any given time, it could be difficult for us to raise capital 
due to a variety of factors, some of which may be outside of our control, including a tightening of credit markets, overall poor performance 
of stock markets, and/or an economic slowdown in the U.S. or other countries, or in the businesses of our customers. There is no assurance 
we would be able to market such security issuances on favorable terms, or at all, in which case, if we did not have any alternate funds we 
might  not  be  able  to  develop  or  enhance  our  products,  execute  our  business  plan,  take  advantage  of  future  opportunities,  respond  to 
competitive pressures or meet unanticipated customer requirements. 

Our inability to raise additional capital or to obtain additional financing if needed could negatively affect our ability to implement our 
business strategies and meet our goals. This, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. 

If  certain  provisions  of  our  Certificate  of  Incorporation,  Bylaws  and  Delaware  law  are  triggered,  the  market  for  our  shares  may 
decrease.  

Certain provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and Delaware corporate law may discourage unsolicited proposals to acquire 
our business, even if such proposals would benefit our stockholders. Those provisions include one that authorizes our Board of Directors, 
without stockholder approval, to issue up to 500,000 shares of preferred stock having such rights, preferences, and privileges, including 
voting rights, as the Board of Directors designates. The rights of our common stockholders will be subject to, and may be adversely affected 
by, the rights of holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future. Any or all of these provisions could delay, deter or prevent 
a takeover of our company and could lower the price investors are willing to pay for our common stock and the number of investors willing 
to own our common stock. 

Our stock price could fluctuate significantly.  

Stock prices in general can be volatile and ours is no different. The trading price of our stock may fluctuate in response to the following, 
as well as other, factors including but not limited to factors outside of our control: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

broad market fluctuations and general economic and/or political conditions; 

fluctuations in our financial results; 

relatively low trading volumes; 

future offerings of our common stock or other securities; 

the general condition of the nutritional supplement industry; 

increased competition; 

regulatory action; 

adverse publicity; 

•  manipulative or illegal trading practices by third parties; and 

• 

our and our customers' and suppliers' products and other public announcements. 

The stock market has historically experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. There can be no assurance that an active market 
in our stock will continue to exist or that the price of our common stock will not decline. Our future operating results may be below the 
expectations of securities analysts and investors. If this were to occur, the price of our common stock could decline, perhaps substantially. 

From time to time our shares may be listed for trading on one or more foreign exchanges, with or without our prior knowledge or consent. 
Certain foreign exchanges may have less stringent listing requirements, rules and enforcement procedures than the Nasdaq Global Market 
or other markets in the U.S., which may increase the potential for manipulative trading practices to occur on such foreign exchanges. These 

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practices, or the perception by investors that such practices could occur, may increase the volatility of our stock price or result in a decline 
in our stock price, which in some cases could be significant. 

ITEM 2.  

PROPERTIES  

This table summarizes our facilities as of June 30, 2020. We believe our facilities are adequate to meet our operating requirements for the 
foreseeable future. 

Nature of Use 

Location 
Vista, CA USA(1),(2)  ..........  Manufacturing, warehousing, packaging and distribution       
Manno, Switzerland(3) .......  Manufacturing, warehousing, packaging and distribution      
Manno, Switzerland(4) .......  Warehousing 
Carlsbad, CA USA(5) .........  Corporate headquarters 

(1)  This facility is used by NAI for its private-label contract manufacturing segment. 

Square 
Feet 

   How Held    

Lease 
Expiration 
Date  

162,000  
95,990  
30,892  
20,981  

Leased   March 2024 
June 2024 
Leased  
Leased   December 2023   
Owned  

N/A 

(2)  At this facility we use approximately 93,000 square feet for production, 60,000 square feet for warehousing and 9,000 square feet for

administrative functions. 

(3)  This facility is used by NAIE in connection with our private-label contract manufacturing segment. As of July 1, 2019, we exercised

the option to renew the lease of this facility until June 2024. 

(4)  This facility is used by NAIE for additional warehouse storage. 

(5)  We purchased the Carlsbad facility in March 2016. 

ITEM 3. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS  

From time to time, we become involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our 
business. These matters may relate to intellectual property, product liability, employment, tax, regulation, contract or other matters. The 
resolution of these matters as they arise will be subject to various uncertainties and, even if such claims are without merit, could result in 
the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. While unfavorable outcomes are possible, based on available information, 
we generally do not believe the resolution of these matters, even if unfavorable, will result in a material adverse effect on our business, 
consolidated financial condition, or results of operations. Our evaluation of the likely impact of these actions could change in the future 
and we could have unfavorable outcomes we do not expect. An unexpected settlement expense or an unexpected unfavorable outcome of 
a matter could adversely impact our results of operations. 

As of September 18, 2020, neither NAI nor its subsidiary were a party to any material pending legal proceeding nor was any of our property 
the subject of any material pending legal proceeding. We are currently involved in several matters in the ordinary course of our business. 

There is no assurance NAI will prevail in any litigation matters or that litigation expenses will not be greater than anticipated. 

ITEM 4. 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable. 

16 

   
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
PART II  

ITEM  5. 

MARKET FOR OUR COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER 
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES  

Market Information  

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “NAII.” Below are the high and low sales prices of our common 
stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market for each quarter of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019: 

First Quarter ...........................................................................   $ 
Second Quarter .......................................................................   $ 
Third Quarter .........................................................................   $ 
Fourth Quarter ........................................................................   $ 

12.30     $ 
9.36     $ 
9.61     $ 
7.43     $ 

8.20     $ 
7.61     $ 
5.15     $ 
5.93     $ 

10.57     $ 
10.40     $ 
11.88     $ 
14.25     $ 

9.35   
8.73   
9.46   
11.16   

Fiscal 2020 

Fiscal 2019 

High 

Low 

High 

Low 

Holders  

As of September 18, 2020, there were approximately 203 stockholders of record of our common stock. On that same date, the last sales 
price of our common stock as reported on NASDAQ was $6.77 per share. 

Dividends  

We have never paid a dividend on our common stock and we do not intend to pay a dividend in the foreseeable future. Our current policy 
is  to  retain  all  earnings  to  provide  funds  for  operations  and  future  growth.  Additionally,  under  the  terms  of  our  credit  facility,  we  are 
precluded from paying a dividend while such facility is in place without a waiver from our lender. 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities  

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, we did not sell any unregistered securities. 

Repurchases  

As set forth below, during the quarter ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased 38,617 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $0.3 
million (including commissions and transactions fees) under our stock repurchase plan as set forth below: 

Period 
April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 ..      
May 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020 ....      
June 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020 ....      
Total ...........................................      

Total Number of 
Shares Purchased 
4,123 
10,652 
23,842 
38,617 

Average Price 
Paid per Share (1) 
7.13 
6.97 
6.76 

    $ 
    $ 
    $ 

(1) Average price paid per share includes costs associated with the repurchases 

Maximum Number (or 
Approximate Dollar 
Value) of Shares that 
May Yet Be Purchased 
Under the Plans or 
Programs (as of  
June 30, 2020) 
(in thousands) 
— 
— 
— 
1,701 

    $ 

Total Number of 
Shares 
Purchased as Part of 
Publicly Announced 
Plans or Programs 
4,123 
10,652 
23,842 
38,617 

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Equity Compensation Plan Information 

The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding options and shares reserved for future issuance under our existing equity 
compensation plans as of June 30, 2020: 

Number of Shares 
to be Issued Upon 
Exercise of 
Outstanding 
Options, Warrants, 
and Rights 

Weighted- 
Average 
Exercise Price 
of Outstanding 
Options, Warrants, 
and Rights 

Number of Shares 
Remaining 
Available 
for Future Issuance 
Under Equity 
Compensation 
Plans (Excluding 
Shares Reflected in 
Column 
(a)) 

Plan Category 

Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders ...............      
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders .........      
Total ...........................................................................................      

130,000    $ 
N/A      
130,000    $ 

6.28      
N/A      
6.28      

—  
N/A  
—  

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

ITEM 6. 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide Item 6 disclosure in this Annual Report. 

18 

  
  
  
    
    
  
  
  
  
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
ITEM 7.  

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 
OPERATION  

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help you understand our financial condition and results of operations as of June 30, 
2020 and 2019 and for each of the last two fiscal years then ended. You should read the following discussion and analysis together with 
our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 in this report. 
Our future financial condition and results of operations will vary from our historical financial condition and results of operations described 
below based on a variety of factors. You should carefully review the risks described under Item 1A and elsewhere in this report, which 
identify certain important factors that could cause our future financial condition and results of operations to vary. 

Executive Overview  

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of this Item 7 or other items in this report or 
contain  all  of  the  information  that  may  be  important  to  our  stockholders  or  the  investing  public.  You  should  read  this  overview  in 
conjunction with the other sections of this Item 7, the financial statements and accompanying notes, and this report.  

Our primary business activity is providing private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute vitamins, 
minerals, herbs and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. 
Historically, our revenue has been largely dependent on sales to two or three private-label contract manufacturing customers and subject 
to variations in the timing of such customers’ orders, which in turn is impacted by such customers’ internal marketing programs, supply 
chain management, entry into new markets, new product introductions, the demand for such customers’ products, and general industry and 
economic conditions. Our revenue also includes raw material sales, royalty and licensing revenue generated from our patent estate pursuant 
to license and supply agreements with third parties for the distribution and use of the ingredient known as beta-alanine sold under our 
CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trademarks. 

A cornerstone of our business strategy is to achieve long-term growth and profitability and to diversify our sales base. We have sought and 
expect  to  continue  to  seek  to  diversify  our  sales  by  developing  relationships  with  additional,  quality-oriented,  private-label  contract 
manufacturing customers, and commercializing our patent estate through sales of beta-alanine under our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® 
trade names, royalties from license agreements, and potentially additional contract manufacturing opportunities with licensees. 

Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business 

On  March  11,  2020,  the  World  Health  Organization  classified  the  novel  coronavirus,  or  COVID-19,  as  a  pandemic.  The  COVID-19 
pandemic has resulted, and is likely to continue to result, in significant economic disruption and has and will likely affect our business. 
Significant uncertainty exists concerning the magnitude of the impact and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our facilities, located both 
in the United States and Europe, continue to operate as an essential and critical manufacturer in accordance with applicable federal, state, 
and local regulations, however, there can be no assurance our facilities will continue to operate without interruption. Factors that derive 
from COVID-19 and the accompanying response, and that have or may negatively impact sales and gross margin in the future include, but 
are not limited to the following: 

•  Limitations on the ability of our suppliers to manufacture, or procure from manufacturers, the products we sell, or to meet 

delivery requirements and commitments; 

•  Limitations  on  the  ability  of  our  employees  to  perform  their  work  due  to  illness  caused  by  the  pandemic  or  due  to  other 
restrictions on our employees to keep them safe and the increased cost of measures taken to ensure employee health and safety; 

•  Local, state, or federal orders requiring employees to remain at home; 
•  Limitations on the ability of carriers to deliver our products to customers; 
•  Limitations on the ability of our customers to conduct their business and purchase our products and services; and 
•  Limitations on the ability of our customers to pay us on a timely basis. 

As a preventative measure to provide our business with potentially needed liquidity, and out of an abundance of caution, we withdrew $10 
million from our credit facility with Wells Fargo in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. We will continue to actively monitor the situation and 
may take further actions to alter our business operations as may be required by federal, state or local authorities or that we determine are 
in  the  best  interests  of  our  employees, customers,  suppliers  and shareholders.  While  we are  unable  to  determine  or  predict  the nature, 
duration,  or  scope  of  the  overall  impact  the  COVID-19  pandemic  will  have  on  our  business,  results  of  operations,  liquidity  or  capital 
resources, we believe we will be able to remain operational and our working capital will be sufficient for us to remain operational even as 
the longer term consequences of this pandemic become known. 

During fiscal 2020, our consolidated net sales were 14% lower than in fiscal 2019. Private-label contract manufacturing sales decreased 
13% due primarily to lower volumes of current products to existing customers located primarily in the U.S. and European markets partially 
offset by new product sales to new and existing customers in the U.S market. During fiscal 2020, sales to our largest private-label contract 
manufacturing customer declined 23% primarily as a result of reduced customer demand. However, a majority of this decline occurred 
during  the  first  nine  months  of  fiscal  2020  while  the  fourth  quarter  of  fiscal  2020  included  a  year  over  year  increase  in  sales  for  this 
customer, primarily due to increased consumer demand and shipments of a newly awarded product. Fiscal 2021 sales from our largest 
private-label contract manufacturing customer are expected to increase as compared to fiscal 2020. Revenue concentration from our largest 

19 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
private-label contract manufacturing customer as a percentage of our total net sales decreased to 44% in fiscal 2020 from 49% in fiscal 
2019. We expect this percentage to increase in fiscal 2021. 

Effective March 31, 2020, we terminated our ongoing relationship with one private-label contract manufacturing customer, Kaged Muscle. 
We are working with this former customer to assist them with completing their obligations to us, transition to a replacement manufacturer, 
and the transfer of inventory items we hold specific to this customer. Due to uncertainty regarding the future operations of this former 
customer, we reserved 100% of their outstanding accounts receivable balance and a majority of the inventory we hold for their products. 
As of June 30, 2020, our balance sheet and results of operations for fiscal 2020 included total reserves (and accompanying expense) of $4.3 
million related to this former customer. 

During fiscal 2020, CarnoSyn® beta-alanine revenue decreased 25% to $12.6 million as compared to $16.7 million for fiscal 2019. The 
decrease in CarnoSyn® revenue was primarily due to decreased beta-alanine shipments as a result of changes to consumer market trends 
and lower average beta-alanine sales prices. We believe this sales decline was also impacted by certain customers discontinuing the use of 
our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine in favor of generic beta-alanine and lower overall consumer demand for our customers’ CarnoSyn® products, 
including the negative impact COVID-19 had on the sports nutrition industry in the latter part of fiscal 2020 due to the shutdown of athletic 
activities and gyms across the USA. 

We continue to invest in research and development for our SR CarnoSyn® sustained release delivery system. We believe SR CarnoSyn® 
may provide a unique opportunity within the growing Wellness and Healthy Aging markets. We believe our recent efforts to refine our 
formulations and product offerings will be positively received and result in significant opportunity for increased SR CarnoSyn® sales. 

To protect our CarnoSyn® business, we incurred litigation and patent compliance expenses of approximately $2.0 million during fiscal 
2020 and $2.4 million during fiscal 2019. The decrease in these legal expenses on a year over year basis was primarily due to the successful 
resolution of several cases that were settled and the successful completion of an effort to gain New Dietary Ingredient status from the FDA 
on our patented CarnoSyn® beta-alanine. We currently expect our litigation and patent compliance expenses to decrease during fiscal 2021 
to an annual rate of approximately $1.0 million to $1.5 million. Our ability to maintain or further increase our beta-alanine royalty and 
licensing revenue will depend in large part on our ability to develop a market for our sustained release form of beta-alanine marketed under 
our SR CarnoSyn® trademark, maintain our patent rights, the availability and the cost of the raw material when and in the amounts needed, 
the ability to expand distribution of beta-alanine to new and existing customers, and continued compliance by third parties with our license 
agreements and our patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights.  During fiscal 2021, we will continue our sales and marketing 
activities to consumers, customers, potential customers, and brand owners on multiple platforms to promote and reinforce the features and 
benefits of utilizing CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine. 

Based on our current sales order volumes and forecasts we have received from our customers, we expect our fiscal 2021 consolidated net 
sales to increase as compared to fiscal 2020. We also expect operating income will increase in fiscal 2021 due to increased sales and a non-
recurrence of the $4.3 million accounts receivable and inventory reserve that was recorded in fiscal 2020. There can be no assurance our 
customer’s sales and marketing activities as well as our own sales and marketing and litigation efforts will reverse or decelerate potential 
future sales declines. We are also closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic but we cannot reasonably estimate the length 
of time or severity of the pandemic and cannot currently estimate the impact this pandemic may have on our consolidated financial results 
for fiscal 2021 and beyond. 

During fiscal 2021, we plan to continue our focus on: 

• 

• 

Leveraging our state-of-the-art, certified facilities to increase the value of the goods and services we provide to our highly
valued private-label contract manufacturing customers, and assist us in developing relationships with additional quality-
oriented customers; 

Expanding  the  commercialization  of  our  beta-alanine  patent  estate  through  raw  material  sales,  developing  a  new  sales
distribution channel under the Wellness and Healthy Aging category for our sustained release form of beta-alanine marketed 
under our SR CarnoSyn® trademark, exploiting new contract manufacturing opportunities, license and royalty agreements,
and protecting our proprietary rights; and 

• 

Improving operational efficiencies and managing costs and business risks to improve profitability. 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates  

Our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 in this report have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted 
accounting principles (GAAP). A description of our significant accounting policies can be found in the notes to our consolidated financial 
statements in Item 8 of this report. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires we make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and their accompanying notes. We have identified certain policies 
we believe are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. Implementation of these policies requires the 
application of significant judgment by our management. We base our estimates on our historical experience, industry standards, and various 
other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates. An adverse 
effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations could occur if circumstances change that alter 
the various assumptions or conditions used in making such estimates or assumptions. 

20 

   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Results of Operations  

The following table sets forth selected consolidated operating results for each of the last two fiscal years, presented as a percentage of net 
sales (dollars in thousands).   

Fiscal Year Ended  

June 30, 2020 

June 30, 2019 

Increase 
(Decrease)  

Private-label contract manufacturing .    $ 
Patent and trademark licensing ..........      
Total net sales ....................................      
Cost of goods sold ..............................      
Gross profit ........................................      
Selling, general & administrative 

expenses .........................................      
(Loss) income from operations ..........      
Other (loss) income, net .....................      
(Loss) income before income taxes ....      
(Benefit) provision for income taxes ..      
Net (loss) income ...............................    $ 

106,291      
12,585      
118,876      
100,005      
18,871      

20,380      
(1,509)     
(229)     
(1,738)     
(93)     
(1,645)     

89%    $ 
11%      
100%      
84%      
16%      

121,598      
16,692      
138,290      
114,715      
23,575      

17%      
(1)%     
—%      
(2)%     
—%      
(1)%   $ 

17,614      
5,961      
1,992      
7,953      
1,412      
6,541      

88%   $ 
12%     
100%     
83%     
17%     

13%     
4%     
1%     
6%     
1%     
5%   $ 

(15,307)     
(4,107)     
(19,414)     
(14,710)     
(4,704)     

2,766      
(7,470)     
(2,221)     
(9,961)     
(1,505)     
(8,186)     

(13)% 
(25)% 
(14)% 
(13)% 
(20)% 

16% 
(125)% 
(111)% 
(122)% 
(107)% 
(125)% 

Private-label contract manufacturing net sales decreased 13% due primarily to lower volumes of current products to existing customers 
located primarily in the U.S. and European markets partially offset by new product sales to new and existing customers in the U.S market. 
During  fiscal  2020,  sales  to  our  largest  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customer  declined  23%  primarily  as  a  result  of  reduced 
customer demand. However, a majority of this decline occurred during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 while the fourth quarter of fiscal 
2020 included a year over year increase in sales for this customer, primarily due to increased consumer demand and shipments of a newly 
awarded product. 

Net  sales  from  our  patent  and  trademark  licensing  segment  decreased  25%  during  fiscal  2020.  The  decrease  in  patent  and  trademark 
licensing  revenue  was  primarily  due  to  decreased  beta-alanine  shipments  as  a  result  of  changes  to  consumer  market  trends and  lower 
average  beta-alanine  sales  prices.  We  believe  this  sales  decline  was  also  impacted  by  certain  customers  discontinuing  the  use  of  our 
CarnoSyn®  beta-alanine in  favor  of  generic  beta-alanine and  lower  overall consumer  demand  for  our  customers’  CarnoSyn®  products, 
which included the negative impact COVID-19 had on the sports nutrition industry in the latter part of fiscal 2020 due to the shutdown of 
athletic activities and gyms across the USA. 

The change in gross profit margin for the year ended June 30, 2020, was as follows: 

Percentage 
Change  

Contract manufacturing(1) ..........................................................................................................................................     
Patent and trademark licensing(2) ..............................................................................................................................     
Total change in gross profit margin ..........................................................................................................................     

(1.1) 
—  
(1.1) 

1 

Private-label contract manufacturing gross profit margin contribution decreased 1.1 percentage points in fiscal 2020 as compared to
fiscal 2019. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of sales in fiscal 2020 is primarily due to a $1.0 million inventory reserve
recorded related to one of our former contract manufacturing customers. 

2  During fiscal 2020, patent and trademark licensing gross profit margin contribution remained relatively consistent with prior year. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.8 million, or 16%, during fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. This increase 
was primarily due $3.3 million of bad debt expense recorded related to a receivable from a former contract manufacturing customer that 
was partially offset by decreased litigation and patent compliance expenses associated with our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine patent estate. 

Other income (net) decreased $2.2 million during fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease for fiscal 2020 was primarily due 
to the exclusion of the amortization of forward points from cash flow hedge instruments during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared 
to including $1.6 million in fiscal 2019. This change in classification of forward points is the result of the adoption of ASU No. 2017-12 
that now requires the amortization of forward points be included as a component of net revenues while they were previously included as a 
component of other income. The remaining portion of the decrease primarily related to foreign currency exchange losses associated with 
fluctuations in various foreign exchange rates used to revalue our balance sheet. 

Our income tax expense decreased $1.5 million during fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019.  The decrease was primarily due to the 
decrease in income before taxes when compared to fiscal 2019. 

21 

  
  
  
  
       
  
      
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources  

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows provided by operating activities and the availability of borrowings 
under our credit facilities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $3.7 million in fiscal 2020 compared to net cash provided by 
operating activities of $6.6 million in fiscal 2019. 

We had a loss of $1.6 million in fiscal 2020 as compared to net income of $6.5 million in fiscal 2019. This decrease in net income was 
primarily due to lower consolidated sales and an accounts receivable and inventory reserve recorded in fiscal 2020 related to one of our 
former contract manufacturing customers. 

At  June 30,  2020,  changes  in  accounts  receivable,  consisting  primarily  of  amounts  due  from  our  private-label  contract  manufacturing 
customers and our patent and trademark raw material sales activities, used $4.3 million in cash compared to using $1.3 million in fiscal 
2019. The increase in cash used by accounts receivable during fiscal 2020 primarily resulted from timing of sales and the related collections 
at the end of fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. In addition, provision for uncollectible accounts receivable used $3.3 million in fiscal 
2020 as compared to zero for fiscal 2019. The change in provision for uncollectible accounts receivable was primarily associated with a 
reserve recorded associated with a former contract manufacturing customer. Days sales outstanding (DSO) increased to 51 days during 
fiscal 2020 compared to 40 days during fiscal 2019, primarily due to customer sales mix and timing of sales and the related collections. 

Inventory used $2.0 million in cash during fiscal 2020 compared to using $2.4 million in fiscal 2019. The change in cash activity from 
inventory was primarily related to the timing of sales and anticipated sales at the end of fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. Inventory 
at the end of fiscal 2020 also included a buildup of inventory associated with anticipated new product launches from multiple private-label 
contract manufacturing customers and increased inventory related to our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine business. Changes in accounts payable 
and accrued liabilities provided $2.7 million in cash during fiscal 2020 compared to using $0.5 million during fiscal 2019. The change in 
cash flow activity related to accounts payable and accrued liabilities is primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and payments. 

Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2020 was $4.5 million compared to $3.8 million in fiscal 2019. Capital expenditures were $4.5 
million during fiscal 2020 compared to $5.3 million in fiscal 2018. Capital expenditures during fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 were primarily 
for  manufacturing  equipment  used  in  our  Vista,  California  and  Manno,  Switzerland  facilities.  Investing  activities  in  fiscal  2019  also 
included the collection of the $1.5 million note receivable. 

Cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2020 was $6.3 million, compared to using $1.3 million in fiscal 2019. This change is primarily 
due to $10.0 million in proceeds from our line of credit, withdrawn as a measure to provide our business with liquidity out of an abundance 
of caution due to the COVID-19 pandemic, offset by increased repurchases of our stock. At June 30, 2020 we had $10.0 million due in 
connection with our loan facility. As of June 30, 2019, we had no outstanding balances due in connection with our loan facility. 

During fiscal 2020 we were in compliance with all of the financial and other covenants required under our Credit Agreement. Refer to Note 
F, "Debt," in Item 8 of this report, for terms of such Credit Agreement and additional information. 

As of June 30, 2020, we had $30.5 million in cash and cash equivalents. Of these amounts, $13.8 million of cash and cash equivalents were 
held by NAIE. Overall, we believe our available cash, cash equivalents and potential cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund 
our current working capital needs and capital expenditures through at least the next 12 months. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements  

As of June 30, 2020, we did not have any significant off-balance sheet debt nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, obligations 
(including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons, in each case that have or are 
reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, 
liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or expenses material to investors. 

Inflation  

During fiscal 2020 and 2019, we did not experience any significant increases in product raw material or operational costs we attributed to 
inflationary factors. We currently believe increasing raw material and product cost pricing pressures will exist throughout fiscal 2021 as a 
result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and the impact of COVID-19. We do 
not believe current inflation rates will have a material impact on our fiscal 2021 operations or profitability. 

22 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements  

A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements is included under Note A in the notes to our consolidated financial statements which 
are included under Item 8 of this report. 

ITEM 7A.  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide Item 7A disclosure in this Annual Report. 

23 

  
  
  
  
  
 
 
ITEM 8.  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  

To the Board of Directors and 
Stockholders of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (the Company) as of June 30, 
2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity and cash 
flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated 
financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
the Company as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the 
period ended June 30, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

Basis for Opinion 

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion 
on  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the  Public 
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in 
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and 
the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The 
Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our 
audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an 
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether 
due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence 
regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting 
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014. 
San Diego, California 
September 21, 2020 

/s/ HASKELL & WHITE LLP 

24 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Natural Alternatives International, Inc.  
Consolidated Balance Sheets  
As of June 30  
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)  

Assets 
Current assets: 

Cash and cash equivalents ......................................................................................................    $ 
Accounts receivable – less allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,240 at June 30, 2020 and 

$25 at June 30, 2019 ...........................................................................................................      
Inventories, net .......................................................................................................................      
Income tax receivable.............................................................................................................      
Forward contracts ...................................................................................................................      
Prepaids and other current assets ............................................................................................      
Total current assets .....................................................................................................      
Property and equipment, net...........................................................................................................      
Operating lease right-of-use assets .................................................................................................      
Deferred tax asset – noncurrent ......................................................................................................      
Other noncurrent assets, net ...........................................................................................................      
Total assets .................................................................................................................    $ 

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity 
Current liabilities: 

Accounts payable ...................................................................................................................    $ 
Accrued liabilities ..................................................................................................................      
Accrued compensation and employee benefits .......................................................................      
Income taxes payable .............................................................................................................      
Line of credit – current ...........................................................................................................      
Total current liabilities ...............................................................................................      

Long-term liability – operating leases ............................................................................................      
Noncurrent forward contracts .........................................................................................................      
Long-term pension liability ............................................................................................................      
Deferred rent ..................................................................................................................................      
Income taxes payable, noncurrent ..................................................................................................      
Deferred income taxes....................................................................................................................      
Total liabilities............................................................................................................      

Commitments and contingencies (Notes H, J and M) 
Stockholders’ equity: 

2020  

2019 

30,478     $ 

25,040   

17,001       
27,972       
848       
450       
2,275       
79,024       
21,523       
18,354       
196       
1,106       
120,203     $ 

12,509     $ 
1,627       
2,660       
1,010       
10,000       
27,806       

18,782       
195       
696       
—       
1,349       
—       
48,828       

15,964   
26,003   
901   
1,978   
1,500   
71,386   
21,085   
—   
—   
1,019   
93,490   

8,634   
2,782   
1,615   
1,219   
—   
14,250   

—   
—   
246   
543   
1,349   
1,018   
17,406   

Preferred stock; $.01 par value; 500,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding .......      
Common stock; $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2020 and June 30, 
2019, issued and outstanding (net of treasury shares) 6,752,372 at June 30, 2020 and 
7,225,072 at June 30, 2019 .................................................................................................      
Additional paid-in capital .......................................................................................................      
Retained earnings ...................................................................................................................      
Treasury stock, at cost, 2,104,305 shares at June 30, 2020 and 1,626,605 at June 30, 2019 ..      
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ..................................................................      
Total stockholders’ equity ..........................................................................................      
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity ....................................................................    $ 

—       

—   

87       
27,992       
56,181       
(11,702 )     
(1,183 )     
71,375       
120,203     $ 

87   
26,280   
57,380   
(7,955 ) 
292   
76,084   
93,490   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

25 

  
  
  
    
  
      
        
  
      
        
  
      
        
  
      
        
  
  
      
        
  
      
        
  
      
        
  
  
  
  
 
 
Natural Alternatives International, Inc.  
Consolidated Statements of Operations And Comprehensive (Loss) Income  
For the Years Ended June 30  
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)  

Net sales .........................................................................................................................................    $ 
Cost of goods sold ..........................................................................................................................      
Gross profit ....................................................................................................................................      
Other selling, general and administrative expenses ........................................................................      
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable .............................................................................      
(Loss) income from operations ......................................................................................................      
Other (expense) income: 

Interest income .......................................................................................................................      
Interest expense ......................................................................................................................      
Foreign exchange (loss) gain ..................................................................................................      
Other, net ................................................................................................................................      
Total other (expense) income: ........................................................................................................      
(Loss) income before income taxes ................................................................................................      
(Benefit) provision for income taxes ..............................................................................................      
Net (loss) income ...........................................................................................................................    $ 
Change in minimum pension liability, net of tax ...........................................................................    $ 
Unrealized (loss) gain resulting from change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of tax ...      
Comprehensive (loss) income ........................................................................................................    $ 
Net (loss) income per common share: 

Basic .......................................................................................................................................    $ 
Diluted....................................................................................................................................    $ 

Weighted average common shares outstanding: 

2020 

2019 

118,876     $ 
100,005       
18,871       
17,098       
3,282       
(1,509 )     

177       
(67 )     
(320 )     
(19 )     
(229 )     
(1,738 )     
(93 )     
(1,645 )   $ 
(323 )   $ 
(1,024 )     
(2,992 )   $ 

(0.25 )   $ 
(0.25 )   $ 

138,290   
114,715   
23,575   
17,614   
—   
5,961   

1,868   
(29 ) 
148   
5   
1,992   
7,953   
1,412   
6,541   
(104 ) 
974   
7,411   

0.96   
0.92   

Basic .......................................................................................................................................      
Diluted....................................................................................................................................      

6,695,302       
6,695,302       

6,809,306   
7,097,678   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

26 

  
  
  
    
  
      
        
  
      
        
  
      
        
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Natural Alternatives International, Inc.  
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity  
For the Years Ended June 30  
(Dollars in thousands)  

   Common Stock  
   Shares       Amount     

Balance, June 30, 2018 .....................................      8,656,677     $ 
Issuance of common stock for stock option 

85    $ 

exercise ...........................................................     

5,000       

—      

Issuance of common stock for restricted stock 

grants ..............................................................     

190,000       

2      

Compensation expense related to stock 

compensation plans ........................................     
Repurchase of common stock ...........................     
Forfeiture of restricted stock ............................     
Change in minimum pension liability, net of 

—       
—       
—       

—      
—      
—      

Additional 
Paid-in 
Capital 

    Retained     
    Earnings     
24,486    $  50,839      

Treasury Stock 

Comprehensive        

Accumulated 
Other 

Shares 
1,098,268    $ 

     Amount 

     Income (Loss) 

Total 

(6,584)   $ 

(578)   $ 

68,248  

38      

(2)     

1,754      
—      
4      

—      

—      

—      
—      

—      

—      

—      
123,337      
405,000      

—      

—      

—      
(1,367)     
(4)     

—      

—      

—      
—      
—      

38  

—  

1,754  
(1,367) 
—  

tax ...................................................................     

—       

—      

—      

—      

—      

—      

(104)     

(104) 

Unrealized gain resulting from change in fair 

value of derivative instruments, net of tax .....     
—       
Net income ........................................................     
—       
Balance, June 30, 2019 .....................................      8,851,677       
Issuance of common stock for restricted stock 

—      
—      
87      

—      
—      
26,280      

—      
6,541      
57,380      

—      
—      
1,626,605      

—      
—      
(7,955)     

grants ..............................................................     

5,000       

—      

—      

Compensation expense related to stock 

compensation plans ........................................     
Repurchase of common stock ...........................     
Forfeiture of restricted stock ............................     
Cumulative-effect adjustment pursuant to 

—       
—       
—       

—      
—      
—      

1,712      
—      
—      

—      

—      
—      
—      

adoption of ASU 2016-02 (Note D)...............     

—       

—      

—      

318      

Reclassification pursuant to adoption of ASU 

2018-02 (Note A) ...........................................     

—       

—      

—      

128      

Change in minimum pension liability, net of 

tax ...................................................................     

—       

—      

—      

—      

Unrealized loss resulting from change in fair 

—      

—      

—      
462,700      
15,000      

—      

—      

—      

—      
(3,747)     
—      

—      

—      

—      

value of derivative instruments, net of tax .....     
—       
Net loss .............................................................     
—       
Balance, June 30, 2020 .....................................      8,856,677     $ 

—      
—      
87    $ 

—      
—      

—      
(1,645)     
27,992    $  56,181      

—      
—      
2,104,305    $ 

—      
—      
(11,702)   $ 

974      
—      
292      

—      

—      
—      
—      

—      

(128)     

974  
6,541  
76,084  

—  

1,712  
(3,747) 
—  

318  

—  

(323)     

(323) 

(1,024)     
—      
(1,183)   $ 

(1,024) 
(1,645) 
71,375  

 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

27 

  
  
    
    
  
  
  
    
  
       
  
  
 
 
Natural Alternatives International, Inc.  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows  
For the Years Ended June 30  
(in thousands)  

2020 

2019 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Net (loss) income ...........................................................................................................................    $ 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: 

Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable .....................................................................      
Depreciation and amortization ...............................................................................................      
Deferred income taxes ............................................................................................................      
Non-cash sales discount .........................................................................................................      
Non-cash lease expenses ........................................................................................................      
Non-cash compensation .........................................................................................................      
Pension expense .....................................................................................................................      
Loss on disposal of assets .......................................................................................................      

Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 

Accounts receivable ...............................................................................................................      
Inventories ..............................................................................................................................      
Operating lease liabilities .......................................................................................................      
Prepaids and other assets ........................................................................................................      
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ................................................................................      
Forward contracts ...................................................................................................................      
Income taxes ..........................................................................................................................      
Accrued compensation and employee benefits .......................................................................      
Net cash provided by operating activities ......................................................................................      
Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchases of property and equipment ............................................................................................      
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment ..............................................................................      
Repayment of notes receivable ......................................................................................................      
Net cash used in investing activities ...............................................................................................      
Cash flows from financing activities 
Repurchase of common stock ........................................................................................................      
Borrowing on lines of credit ...........................................................................................................      
Issuance of common stock .............................................................................................................      
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities ........................................................................      
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents ......................................................................................      
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year .............................................................................      
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year .......................................................................................    $ 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information 
Cash paid during the year for: 

(1,645 )   $ 

3,282       
3,959       
(893 )     
—       
2,772       
1,712       
27       
109       

(4,319 )     
(1,969 )     
(2,467 )     
(1,174 )     
2,720       
688       
(156 )     
1,045       
3,691       

(4,541 )     
35       
—       
(4,506 )     

(3,747 )     
10,000       
—       
6,253       
5,438       
25,040       
30,478     $ 

6,541  

—  
3,465  
212  
82  
—  
1,672  
60  
48  

(1,343) 
(2,436) 
—  
308  
(491) 
(1,005) 
(666) 
117  
6,564  

(5,327) 
19  
1,500  
(3,808) 

(1,367) 
—  
38  
(1,329) 
1,427  
23,613  
25,040  

Taxes ......................................................................................................................................    $ 
Interest....................................................................................................................................    $ 

993     $ 
66     $ 

1,973  
23  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

A. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  

Organization  

We  provide  private-label contract  manufacturing services  to  companies  that market and  distribute  vitamins, minerals,  herbs,  and  other 
nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. We also seek to commercialize 
our patent and trademark estate related to the ingredient known as beta-alanine sold under our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® tradenames 
through direct raw material sales and various license and similar arrangements. 

Subsidiaries  

On  January 22,  1999,  Natural  Alternatives  International  Europe  S.A.,  a  Swiss  Corporation (NAIE)  was  formed  as  our  wholly-owned 
subsidiary, based in Manno, Switzerland. In September 1999, NAIE opened a manufacturing facility and currently possesses manufacturing 
capability in encapsulation, powders, tablets, finished goods packaging, quality control laboratory testing, warehousing, distribution and 
administration. 

Principles of Consolidation  

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  Natural  Alternatives  International,  Inc.  (NAI)  and  our  wholly-owned 
subsidiary,  NAIE.  All  intercompany  accounts  and  transactions  have  been  eliminated.  The  functional  currency  of  NAIE,  our  foreign 
subsidiary, is the U.S. Dollar. Certain accounts of NAIE have been translated at either current or historical exchange rates, as appropriate, 
with gains and losses included in the consolidated statements of operations. 

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements 

We  adopted  ASU  2016-02, Leases  (Topic  842),  and  subsequent  amendments  thereto  (“ASC  842”)  on  July  1,  2019  using  the  optional 
transition approach to apply the standard at the beginning of the first quarter of the year of adoption, fiscal year 2020, with no retrospective 
adjustments to prior periods. The adoption of the standard resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating 
leases of approximately $20.7 million and $20.9 million, respectively, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with no material 
impact  on  our  Condensed  Consolidated  Statements  of  Income  and  Comprehensive  Income,  Condensed  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Stockholders’ Equity, or Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We have elected the practical expedients to (1) carryforward 
prior conclusions related to lease identification and classification for existing leases, (2) combine lease and non-lease components of an 
arrangement for all classes of leased assets, and (3) omit short-term leases with a term of 12 months or less from recognition on the balance 
sheet. See “Note D. Leases” for additional information on our leases following the adoption of this standard. 

On July 1, 2019, we adopted ASU No. 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging 
Activities.” The ASU better aligns an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes 
to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. We applied 
ASU  No.  2017-12  using  a  modified  retrospective  approach  for  cash  flow  and  fair  value  hedges  existing  at  the  date  of  adoption  and 
prospectively for the presentation and disclosure guidance. As a result of the adoption of this ASU, amortization of forward points are now 
included as a component of net revenues while they were previously included as a component of other income. For the year ended June 30, 
2020, we included $864,000 of forward point amortization in Sales. For the year ended June 30, 2019, we included $1.6 million of forward 
point amortization in Other Income. 

On July 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain 
Tax  Effects  from  Accumulated  Other  Comprehensive  Income”.  ASU  2018  allows  for  a  reclassification  from  accumulated  other 
comprehensive income (OCI) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Under this ASU, 
we reclassified $128,000 of gains from OCI to retained earnings. 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements  

On December 18, 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-
12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This new standard eliminates certain exceptions in Accounting 
Standards Codification ("ASC") 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in 
an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. It also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of 
the accounting for income taxes. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 
15, 2020, with early adoption permitted in any interim period within that year. This ASU will be effective for us beginning in our first 
quarter of fiscal 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents  

We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. 

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments  

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in the 
principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement 
date. We use a three-level hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the 
use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants 
would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that 
reflect our assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the 
best information available under the circumstances. 

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs 
use quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. We classify cash, cash 
equivalents,  and  marketable  securities  balances  as  Level  1  assets.  The  approximate  fair  value  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  accounts 
receivable, accounts payable and short-term borrowings is equal to book value due to the short-term nature of these items. Fair values 
determined by Level 2 inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or 
similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and models for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated, 
either directly or indirectly by observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations 
where  there  is  little,  if  any,  market  activity  for  the  asset  or  liability.  These  include  certain  pricing  models,  discounted  cash  flow 
methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. 

Except for cash and cash equivalents and assets and liabilities related to our pension plan, as of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we did 
not have any financial assets or liabilities classified as Level 1. We classify derivative forward exchange contracts as Level 2 assets and 
liabilities. The fair value of our forward exchange contracts as of June 30, 2020 included a net asset of $254,000. The fair value as of 
June 30, 2019 was a net asset of $2.3 million. The fair values were determined based on obtaining pricing from our bank and corroborating 
those values with a third party bank. We classify our outstanding line of credit balance as a Level 2 liability, as the fair value is based on 
inputs that can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets. As of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we did not have 
any financial assets or liabilities classified as Level 3. We did not transfer any assets or liabilities between any levels during fiscal 2020. 

Accounts Receivable  

We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based on payment history and customer credit-worthiness. 
An allowance for estimated doubtful accounts is maintained based on historical experience, including anticipated early payment discounts 
and identified customer credit issues. We monitor collections regularly and adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts as necessary to 
recognize any changes in credit exposure. Upon conclusion that a receivable is uncollectible, we record the respective amount as a charge 
against allowance for doubtful accounts. To date, such doubtful accounts reserves, in the aggregate, have been adequate to cover collection 
losses. 

Notes Receivable 

On September 30, 2017, we accepted a 12-month note (Loan Agreement) from Kaged Muscle, LLC (“Kaged Muscle”), one of our former 
contract manufacturing customers, in exchange for $1.5 million of trade receivables due to us from Kaged Muscle. On September 30, 2018, 
we  entered  into  a  First  Amendment  (the  “First  Amendment”)  with  Kaged  Muscle  in  connection  with  the  Loan  Agreement.  The  First 
Amendment  modified the  Loan  Agreement  and  related  promissory  note  by  extending  the  maturity  date  from  September  30,  2018  to 
December 28, 2018 in exchange for an extension fee in the amount of $25,000. The note carried an interest rate of fifteen percent (15%) 
per annum with payments of interest only. The note was paid in full before the amended maturity date.  In association with this note, we 
recognized $104,000 in interest income during the year ended June 30, 2019. 

Inventories  

We operate primarily as a private-label contract manufacturer. We build products based upon anticipated demand or following receipt of 
customer  specific  purchase  orders.  From  time  to  time,  we  build  inventory  for  private-label  contract  manufacturing  customers  under  a 
specific purchase order with delivery dates that may subsequently be rescheduled or canceled at the customer’s request. We value inventory 
at  the  lower  of  cost  (first-in,  first-out)  or  net  realizable  value on  an  item-by-item  basis,  including  costs  for  raw  materials,  labor  and 
manufacturing overhead. We establish reserves equal to all or a portion of the related inventory to reflect situations in which the cost of the 
inventory is not expected to be recovered. This requires us to make estimates regarding the market value of our inventory, including an 
assessment for excess and obsolete inventory. Once we establish an inventory reserve in a fiscal period, the reduced inventory value is 
maintained until the inventory is sold or otherwise disposed of. In evaluating whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable 
value, management  considers  such  factors  as  the  amount  of inventory  on  hand,  the estimated  time  required to  sell  such  inventory, the 
remaining shelf life and efficacy, the foreseeable demand within a specified time horizon and current and expected market conditions. 
Based on this evaluation, we record adjustments to cost of goods sold to adjust inventory to its net realizable value. 

30 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Property and Equipment  

We state property and equipment at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over their 
estimated useful lives, generally ranging from 1 to 39 years. We amortize leasehold improvements using the straight-line method over the 
shorter  of  the  useful  life  of  the  improvement  or  the  term  of  the  lease.  Maintenance  and  repairs  are  expensed  as  incurred.  Significant 
expenditures  that  increase  economic  useful  lives  of  property  or  equipment  are  capitalized  and  expensed  over  the  useful  life  of  such 
expenditure. 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets 

We  periodically  evaluate  the  carrying  value  of  long-lived  assets  to  be  held  and  used  when  events  and  circumstances  indicate  that  the 
carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying 
amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment 
to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be 
disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. We did not recognize any impairment losses 
during fiscal 2020 or fiscal 2019. 

Derivative Financial Instruments  

We may use derivative financial instruments in the management of our foreign currency exchange risk inherent in our forecasted sales 
denominated in Euros. We may hedge our foreign currency exposures by entering into offsetting forward exchange contracts. To the extent 
we use derivative financial instruments, we account for them as cash flow hedges. Foreign exchange derivative instruments that do not 
meet  the  criteria  for  cash  flow  hedge  accounting  are  marked-to-market  through  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and 
Comprehensive Income. Historically, our derivative instruments have met the criteria for hedge accounting. 

We recognize any unrealized gains and losses associated with derivative instruments in income in the period in which the underlying hedged 
transaction is realized. To the extent the derivative instrument is deemed ineffective we would recognize the resulting gain or loss in income 
at that  time.  As of  June 30,  2020,  we  held  derivative contracts  designated as  cash  flow  hedges  primarily  to  protect against the  foreign 
exchange risks inherent in our forecasted sales of products at prices denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, which is primarily 
the Euro. As of June 30, 2020, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange contracts were $49.4 million (€43.5 million). These contracts 
will mature over the next 14 months. 

Defined Benefit Pension Plan  

We formerly sponsored a defined benefit pension plan. Effective June 21, 1999, we adopted an amendment to freeze benefit accruals to the 
participants. The plan obligation and related assets of the plan are presented in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Plan assets, 
which  consist  primarily  of  marketable  equity  and  debt  instruments,  are  valued  based  upon  third  party  market  quotations.  Independent 
actuaries,  through  the  use  of  a  number  of  assumptions,  determine  plan  obligations  and  annual  pension  expense.  Key  assumptions  in 
measuring the plan obligations include the discount rate and estimated future return on plan assets. In determining the discount rate, we use 
an average long-term bond yield. Asset returns are based on the historical returns of multiple asset classes to develop a risk free rate of 
return  and  risk  premiums  for  each  asset  class.  The  overall  rate  for  each  asset  class  was  developed  by  combining  a  long-term  inflation 
component, the risk free rate of return and the associated risk premium. A weighted average rate is developed based on the overall rates and 
the plan’s asset allocation. 

Revenue Recognition 

We record revenue based on a five-step model which includes: (1) identifying a contract with a customer; (2) identifying the performance 
obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price among the performance obligations; 
and (5) recognizing revenue as each of the various performance obligations are satisfied. 

Revenue  is  measured  as  the  net  amount  of  consideration  expected  to  be  received  in  exchange  for  fulfilling  one  or  more  performance 
obligations. We identify purchase orders from customers as contracts. The amount of consideration expected to be received and revenue 
recognized  includes  estimates  of  variable  consideration,  including  estimates  for  early  payment  discounts  and  volume  rebates.  Such 
estimates are calculated using historical averages adjusted for any expected changes due to current business conditions and experience. We 
review and update these estimates at the end of each reporting period and the impact of any adjustments is recognized in the period the 
adjustments are identified. In assessing whether collection of consideration from a customer is probable, we consider both the customer's 
ability and intent to pay that amount of consideration when it is due. Payment of invoices is due as specified in the underlying customer 
agreement, which is typically 30 days from the invoice date. Invoices are generally issued on the date of transfer of control of the products 
ordered to the customer. 

Revenue  is  recognized  at  the  point  in  time  that  each  of  our  performance  obligation  is  fulfilled,  and  control  of  the  ordered  products  is 
transferred  to  the  customer.  This  transfer  occurs  when  the  product  is  shipped,  or  in  some  cases,  when  the  product  is  delivered  to  the 
customer. 

31 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
We provide early payment discounts to certain customers. Based on historical payment trends, we expect that these customers will take 
advantage of these early payment discounts. The cost of these discounts is reported as a reduction to the transaction price. If the actual 
discounts differ from those estimated, the difference is also reported as a change in the transaction price. 

Except for product defects, no right of return exists on the sale of our products. We estimate returns based on historical experience and 
recognize a returns liability for any estimated returns. As of June 30, 2020, we have no known returns liability. 

On  August  7,  2017,  we  entered  into  three  agreements  (“Agreements”),  with  The  Juice  Plus+  Company  LLC  (“Juice  Plus+”).  The 
Agreements are an Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement, a Restricted Stock Award Agreement, and an Irrevocable Proxy. Pursuant to the 
Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement, Juice Plus+ has granted us exclusive rights to manufacture and supply them with certain of their 
products within 24 countries where Juice Plus+ currently sells those products. Pursuant to the Restricted Stock Award Agreement, NAI 
granted  500,000  shares  of  NAI common  stock to  Juice  Plus+,  (the “Shares”),  and  Juice  Plus+  agreed  the  Shares  are  subject  to certain 
restrictions and risk of forfeiture. Pursuant to the Irrevocable Proxy, Juice Plus+ also granted the NAI Board of Directors the right to vote 
the Shares that remain subject to risk of forfeiture. Each of the Agreements is for a term of 5 years, and each may be terminated by either 
party only upon the occurrence of specified events. 

On  March  31,  2019,  we  amended  our  original  agreements  with  Juice  Plus+  and  extended  the  term  of  the  Exclusive  Manufacturing 
Agreement through August 6, 2025. In addition, pursuant to that Amended and Restated Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement, Juice Plus+ 
returned 400,000 shares of restricted common stock in exchange for an annual cash sales discount. The expense associated with the return 
of those shares and the related cash discount granted to Juice Plus+ are each recorded as a reduction to sales. As a result of the amendment 
to the Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement, we made a one-time adjustment to reverse the expense associated with unvested shares that 
were  returned  as  a  result  of  the  Amended  and  Restated  Exclusive  Manufacturing  Agreement.  Amounts  associated  with  the  new  cash 
discount began to be recorded in our fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 and will be amortized ratably over the remaining life of the extended 
agreement  based  on  the  full  value  of  the  cash  discount  expected  to  be  given  over  the  same  period.  We  recorded  no  “Non-Cash  Sales 
Discount” and $1.6 million of “Cash Sales Discount” for the year ended June 30, 2020, which was recorded as a reduction to net sales. We 
recorded $82,000 of “Non-Cash Sales Discount” and $395,000 of “Cash Sales Discount” during the year ended June 30, 2019, with such 
amounts recorded as a reduction to net sales. 

We currently own certain U.S. patents, and each patent’s corresponding foreign patent applications. All of these patents and patent rights 
relate to the ingredient known as beta-alanine marketed and sold under the CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trade names. We recorded beta-
alanine raw material sales and royalty and licensing income as a component of revenue in the amount of $12.6 million during fiscal 2020 
and $16.7 million during fiscal 2019. These royalty income and raw material sale amounts resulted in royalty expense paid to the original 
patent holders from whom NAI acquired its patents and patent rights. We recognized royalty expense as a component of cost of goods sold 
in the amount of $544,000 during fiscal 2020 and $686,000 during fiscal 2019. 

Cost of Goods Sold  

Cost of goods sold includes raw material, labor, manufacturing overhead, and royalty expense. 

Shipping and Handling Costs  

We include fees earned on the shipment of our products to customers in sales and include costs incurred on the shipment of product to 
customers in costs of goods sold. 

Research and Development Costs  

As part of the services we provide to our private-label contract manufacturing customers, we may perform, but are not obligated to perform, 
certain research and development activities related to the development or improvement of their products. While our customers typically do 
not pay directly for this service, the cost of this service is included as a component of the price we charge to manufacture and deliver their 
products.  We  also  direct  and  participate  in  clinical  research  studies,  often  in  collaboration  with  scientists  and  research  institutions,  to 
validate the benefits of a product and provide scientific support for product claims and marketing initiatives. 

Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Our research and development expenses for the last two fiscal years ended 
June 30 were $1.8 million for fiscal 2020 and $1.8 million for fiscal 2019. These costs were included in selling, general and administrative 
expenses and cost of goods sold. 

Advertising Costs  

We expense the production costs of advertising the first time the advertising takes place. We incurred and expensed advertising costs in the 
amount of $1.4 million during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 and $1.6 million during fiscal 2019. These costs were included in selling, 
general and administrative expenses. 

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Income Taxes  

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. The CARES 
Act and related notices include several significant provisions, including delaying certain payroll tax payments, mandatory transition tax 
payments under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJ Act”), and estimated income tax payments. We do not currently expect the CARES Act 
to have a material impact on our financial results, including on our annual estimated effective tax rate, or on our liquidity. We will continue 
to monitor and assess the impact of the CARES Act, and similar legislation in other countries, with respect to what impact such legislation 
may have on our business and financial results. 

To determine our quarterly provision for income taxes, we use an estimated annual effective tax rate that is based on expected annual 
income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions to which we are subject. Certain significant 
or unusual items are separately recognized as discrete items in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the 
effective tax rate from quarter to quarter. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as an income tax 
expense. 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured and recorded using 
enacted tax rates for each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, and adjusted using the tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in 
the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a 
change in tax rates is recognized in income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. 

We account for uncertain tax positions using the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. It is our policy to establish reserves based on 
management’s assessment of exposure for certain positions taken in previously filed tax returns that may become payable upon audit by 
tax authorities. Our tax reserves are analyzed quarterly and adjustments are made as events occur that we believe warrant adjustments to 
the reserves. Our practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2020 
and June 30, 2019, we did not record any tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions. 

We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In 
assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the 
deferred tax assets will ultimately be realized based on whether future taxable income will be generated during the periods in which those 
temporary differences become deductible. During the year ended June 30, 2020, there was no change to our valuation allowance. 

Stock-Based Compensation  

We had an omnibus equity incentive plan that was approved by our Board of Directors effective October 15, 2009 and approved by our 
stockholders  at  the  Annual  Meeting  of  Stockholders  held  on  November 30,  2009  ("2009  Plan").  Under  the  2009  Plan,  we  granted 
nonqualified and incentive stock options and restricted stock grants to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The 2009 Plan 
expired on October 15, 2019. The Board of Directors approved a new omnibus equity incentive plan effective October 15, 2019 (“2019 
Plan”),  subject  to  stockholder  approval.  However,  the  2019  Plan  was  not  approved  by  our  stockholders  and  therefore  did  not  become 
effective. We currently do not have an equity incentive plan but will be recording exercises and forfeitures under the 2009 Plan. 

We estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes 
option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully 
transferable. Option valuation models require the use of highly subjective assumptions. Black-Scholes uses assumptions related to volatility, 
the risk-free interest rate, the dividend yield (which we assume to be zero, as we have not paid any cash dividends) and employee exercise 
behavior. Expected volatilities used in the model are based on the historical volatility of our stock price. The risk-free interest rate is derived 
from  the  U.S. Treasury  yield  curve  in effect  in  the  period  of  grant.  The  expected  life  of  stock  option  grants is  derived  from  historical 
experience. The fair value of restricted stock shares granted is based on the market price of our common stock on the date of grant. We 
amortize the estimated fair value of our stock awards to expense over the related vesting periods. 

We recognize forfeitures as they occur.   

We did not grant any options during fiscal 2020 or 2019. 

No options were exercised during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, and 5,000 options were exercised during the fiscal year ended June 
30, 2019. All remaining outstanding stock options are fully vested and all related compensation cost was fully recognized at June 30, 2014. 
No options vested during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019. 

During fiscal 2020, we granted a total of 5,000 restricted stock shares to a new member of our management team pursuant to the 2009 Plan. 
During fiscal 2019, we granted a total of 190,000 restricted stock shares to the members of our Board of Directors and certain key members 
of our management team pursuant to the 2009 Plan. These restricted stock grants vest over three or five years from the date of grant and 
the unvested shares cannot be sold or otherwise transferred and the right to receive dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, is 
forfeitable until the shares become vested. The total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock shares 
amounted to $1.7 million at June 30, 2020 and the weighted average remaining requisite service period of unvested restricted stock shares 
was 1.3 years. The weighted average fair value of restricted stock shares granted during fiscal 2020 was $8.50 per share. The weighted 
average fair value of restricted stock shares granted during fiscal 2019 was $11.57 per share. 

33 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Use of Estimates  

Our management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, 
and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally 
accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Actual results could differ from those estimates and our assumptions may prove to be inaccurate. 

COVID-19 Pandemic 

The Company continues to monitor and evaluate the risks to public health and the impact on overall global business activity related to the 
COVID-19 pandemic, including potential impacts on our employees, customers, suppliers and financial results.  As the situation remains 
fluid, it is difficult to predict the duration and scope of the pandemic and its impact on the Company’s business. However, it may result in 
a material adverse impact to the Company’s financial position, operations and cash flows if conditions persist or worsen. 

Net (Loss) Income per Common Share  

We compute basic net income per common share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, and 
diluted net income per common share using the additional dilutive effect of all dilutive securities. The dilutive impact of stock options and 
restricted shares account for the additional weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for our diluted net income per common 
share computation. We calculated basic and diluted net income per common share as follows (in thousands, except per share data): 

Numerator 
Net (loss) income ..............................................................................................................    $ 
Denominator 
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding ........................................................      
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock shares ...............................................      
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding .....................................................      
Basic net (loss) income per common share .......................................................................    $ 
Diluted net (loss) income per common share ....................................................................    $ 

For the Years Ended June 30, 
2019 
2020 

(1,645)   $ 

6,695      
—      
6,695      
(0.25)   $ 
(0.25)   $ 

6,541  

6,809  
289  
7,098  
0.96  
0.92  

In periods where we have a net loss, stock options and restricted stock are excluded from our calculation of diluted net (loss) income per 
common  share,  as  their  inclusion  would  have  an  antidilutive  effect.  We  excluded  shares  related  to  stock  options  totaling  130,000  and 
restricted stock totaling 323,904 for the year ended June 30, 2020. We did not exclude shares related to options or restricted stock for the 
year ended June 30, 2019. 

Concentrations of Credit Risk  

Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. 
We  place  our  cash  and  cash  equivalents  with  highly  rated  financial  institutions.  Credit  risk  with  respect  to  receivables  is  primarily 
concentrated with our two largest customers, whose receivable balances collectively represented 65.7% of gross accounts receivable at 
June 30,  2020  and  59.4%  at  June 30,  2019.  As  of  June  30,  2020,  we  had  a  receivable  balance  of  $3.3  million  from  a  former  contract 
manufacturing customer. We have recorded a bad debt reserve equal to 100% of this outstanding balance and thus did not reflect it in the 
percentages listed above. 

Additionally, amounts due related to our beta-alanine raw material sales were 2.5% of gross accounts receivable at June 30, 2020 and 8.0% 
of gross accounts receivable at June 30, 2019. Concentrations of credit risk related to the remaining accounts receivable balances are limited 
due to the number of customers comprising our remaining customer base. 

34 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
       
         
  
       
         
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
B. Inventories  

Inventories, net, consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands): 

Raw materials ....................................................................................................................   $ 
Work in progress ...............................................................................................................     
Finished goods ..................................................................................................................     
Reserve ..............................................................................................................................     
  $ 

2020 

2019 

20,863     $ 
3,447       
4,936       
(1,274 )     
27,972     $ 

18,322   
3,785   
5,002   
(1,106 ) 
26,003   

The inventory reserve as of June 30, 2020, includes a reserve of $1.0 million related to one of our former customers, Kaged Muscle. We 
are working with this former customer to transition to a replacement manufacturer, including the transfer of inventory items we hold specific 
to this customer. However, due to the uncertainty regarding the future operations of this former customer, we recorded a reserve against 
inventory specific to this customer equal to the estimated net realizable value of those items. The inventory reserve as of June 30, 2019, 
includes a reserve of $686,000 related to our first generation SR CarnoSyn® powder. 

C. Property and Equipment  

Property and equipment consisted of the following at June 30 (dollars in thousands): 

Land ...................................................................................................    
Building and building improvements .................................................    
Machinery and equipment .................................................................    
Office equipment and furniture ..........................................................    
Vehicles .............................................................................................    
Leasehold improvements ...................................................................    
Total property and equipment ............................................................    
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization ..............................    
Property and equipment, net ..............................................................    

    $ 

Depreciable Life 
In Years 
   NA    
7  –  39 
3  –  12 
3  –  5 
3 
1  –  15 

    $ 

2020 

2019 

1,200      $ 
3,743        
33,405        
5,318        
255        
18,031        
61,952        
(40,429 )     
21,523      $ 

1,200   
3,729   
30,216   
5,190   
314   
17,468   
58,117   
(37,032 ) 
21,085   

Depreciation expense was approximately $4.0 million in fiscal 2020 and $3.5 million in fiscal 2019. 

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D. Leases 

On  July  1,  2019,  we  adopted  FASB  Accounting  Standards  Codification,  or  ASC,  Topic  842,  Leases,  or  ASC  842,  which  requires  the 
recognition of the right-of-use assets and related operating and finance lease liabilities on the balance sheet. As permitted by ASC 842, we 
elected the adoption date of July 1, 2019, which is the date of initial application. As a result, the consolidated balance sheet prior to July 1, 
2019 was not restated and continues to be reported under ASC Topic 840, Leases, or ASC 840, which did not require the recognition of 
operating lease assets or liabilities on the balance sheet, and is not comparative. Under ASC 842, all leases are required to be recorded on 
the balance sheet and are classified as either operating leases or finance leases. The lease classification affects the expense recognition in 
the  income  statement.  Operating  lease  expenses  are  recorded  entirely  in  operating  expenses.  Finance  lease  charges  are  split,  where 
amortization of the right-of-use asset is recorded in operating expenses and an implied interest component is recorded in interest expense. 
The expense recognition for operating leases and finance leases under ASC 842 is substantially consistent with ASC 840. As a result, there 
is no material difference in our results of operations presented in our Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income 
for each period presented. 

We adopted ASC 842 using a modified retrospective approach for all leases existing at July 1, 2019. The adoption of ASC 842 had a 
substantial impact on our balance sheet. The most significant impact was the recognition of the operating lease right-of-use assets and the 
liability for operating leases. As of July 1, 2019, we had no finance leases. Upon adoption, leases that were previously classified as operating 
leases under ASC 840 were classified as operating leases under ASC 842, and we recorded an adjustment of $20.7 million to operating 
lease right-of-use assets and an adjustment of $20.9 million to the related lease liability. The lease liability is based on the present value of 
the  remaining  minimum  lease  payments,  determined  under  ASC  840,  discounted  using  our  secured  incremental  borrowing  rate  at  the 
effective date of July 1, 2019, and using the expected lease term, including any optional renewals, as the tenor. As permitted under ASC 
842, we elected several practical expedients that permit us to not reassess (1) whether existing contracts are or contain a lease, (2) the 
classification of existing leases, and (3) whether previously capitalized costs continue to qualify as initial indirect costs. The application of 
the practical expedients did not have a significant impact on the measurement of the operating lease liability. 

The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 on the balance sheet at June 30, 2019 was (in thousands): 

Operating lease right-of-use assets .............................................    $ 
Total assets .................................................................................      
Deferred rent ..............................................................................      
Long-term liability – Operating leases .......................................      
Deferred income taxes................................................................      
Retained earnings .......................................................................      
Total liabilities and equity ..........................................................      

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands): 

As Reported  
June 30, 2019 

Adoption of  
ASC 842 

Increase (Decrease)      

Balance of  
July 1, 2019 

—    $ 
93,490      
543      
—      
1,018      
57,380      
93,490      

20,774    $ 
20,774      
(543)     
20,897      
102      
318      
20,774      

20,774  
114,264  
—  
20,897  
1,120  
57,800  
114,264  

Supplemental Cash Flows Information 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities .............................................  $
Operating lease liabilities arising from recording Right of Use Assets upon adoption of ASC 842 ...................    
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining Right of Use Assets for new leases ........................................    

   Year ended June 30, 2020
3,453
20,897
120

We lease substantially all of our product manufacturing and support office space used to conduct our business. For contracts entered into 
on or after that effective date, at the inception of a contract we assess whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. Our assessment is based 
on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) whether we obtain the right to substantially all the economic 
benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period of the contract, and (3) whether we have the right to direct the use of the asset during 
such time period. At inception of a lease, we allocate the consideration in the contract to each lease component based on its relative stand-
alone price to determine the lease payments. 

Leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease must be classified as a finance lease if any of the following criteria 
are met: the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is 
reasonably certain to be exercised, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or the present value of the lease 
payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any 
of these criteria. Substantially all our operating leases are comprised of payments for the use of manufacturing space. We have no leases 
classified as finance leases. As of June 30, 2020, the weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 7.2 years. The 
weighted average discount rate for our operating leases was 3.24%. 

For all leases at the lease commencement date, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset represents the 
right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease. 

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct 
costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for 
impairment. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit 

36 

  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, our secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. 
For our real estate and other operating leases, we use our secured incremental borrowing rate. 

Lease  payments  included  in  the  measurement  of  the  lease  liability  comprise  the  following:  the  fixed  noncancelable  lease  payments, 
payments  for  optional  renewal  periods  where  it  is  reasonably  certain  the  renewal  period  will  be  exercised,  and  payments  for  early 
termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early. 

Some of our manufacturing leases contain variable lease payments, including payments based on an index or rate. Variable lease payments 
based on an index or rate are initially measured using the index or rate in effect at lease commencement and separated into lease and non-
lease  components  based  on  the  initial  amount  stated  in  the  lease  or  standalone  selling  prices.  Lease  components  are  included  in  the 
measurement of the initial lease liability. Additional payments based on the change in an index or rate, or payments based on a change in 
our portion of the operating expenses, including real estate taxes and insurance, are recorded as a period expense when incurred. Lease 
modifications result in remeasurement of the lease liability. 

Lease expense for operating leases consists of the lease payments plus any initial direct costs, primarily brokerage commissions, and is 
recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Included in lease expense are any variable lease payments incurred in the period 
that were not included in the initial lease liability. Lease expense for finance leases consists of the amortization of the right-of-use asset on 
a  straight-line  basis  over  the lease  term  and  interest expense  determined  on  an amortized  cost  basis.  The lease  payments  are allocated 
between a reduction of the lease liability and interest expense. 

We have elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less. The 
effect of short-term leases on our right-of-use asset and lease liability was not material. 

E. Other comprehensive loss 

Other comprehensive (loss) income (“OCL” and “OCI”) consisted of the following at June 30 (dollars in thousands): 

Year Ended June 30, 2020 

Unrealized 
(Losses) Gains 
on 
Cash Flow 
Hedges 

Total 

Defined Benefit 
Pension Plan 

Balance as of June 30, 2019 ................................................................    $ 

(491 )   $ 

783     $ 

292   

ASU 2018-02 Adjustment ..................................................................      
OCI/OCL before reclassifications .......................................................      
Amounts reclassified from OCI ..........................................................      

Tax effect of OCI activity ...................................................................      
Net current period OCI/OCL ..............................................................      
Balance as of June 30, 2020 ................................................................    $ 

(74 )     
(404 )     
(20 )     

101       
(397 )     
(888 )   $ 

(54 )     
1,400       
(2,747 )     

323       
(1,078 )     
(295 )   $ 

(128 ) 
988   
(2,759 ) 

424   
(1,475 ) 
(1,183 ) 

Year Ended June 30, 2019 
Unrealized 
Gains (Losses) 
on 
Cash Flow 
Hedges 

Defined Benefit 
Pension Plan 

Total 

Balance as of June 30, 2018 ....................................................................   $ 

(387)   $ 

(191)   $ 

OCI/OCL before reclassifications ...........................................................     
Amounts reclassified from OCI ..............................................................     

Tax effect of OCI activity .......................................................................     
Net current period OCI/OCL ...................................................................     
Balance as of June 30, 2019 ....................................................................   $ 

(144)     
3      

37      
(104)     
(491)   $ 

4,251      
(2,966)     

(311)     
974      
783    $ 

(578) 

4,107) 
(2,963  

(274) 
870  
292  

37 

   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
  
  
       
         
         
  
  
       
         
         
  
  
       
         
         
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
  
  
      
        
        
  
  
      
        
        
  
  
      
        
        
  
   
 
 
F. Debt  

On July 1, 2019, we executed an amendment to our credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. to extend the maturity for our working line 
of credit from February 1, 2021, to November 1, 2022. The Credit Agreement provides us with a credit line of up to $10.0 million. The line 
of credit may be used to finance working capital requirements. There was no commitment fee required as part of this amendment. 

Under  the  terms  of  the  Credit  Agreement,  borrowings  are  subject  to  eligibility  requirements  including  maintaining  (i)  a  ratio  of  total 
liabilities to tangible net worth of not greater than 1.25 to 1.0 at any time; and (ii) a ratio of total current assets to total current liabilities of 
not less than 1.75 to 1.0 at each fiscal quarter end. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit will bear interest at a fixed or fluctuating 
interest rate as elected by us from time to time; provided, however, that if the outstanding principal amount is less than $100,000 such 
amount shall bear interest at the then applicable fluctuating rate of interest. If elected, the fluctuating rate per annum would be equal to 
1.25% above the daily one month LIBOR rate as in effect from time to time. If a fixed rate is elected, it would equal a per annum rate of 
1.25% above the LIBOR rate in effect on the first day of the applicable fixed rate term. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit 
must be paid in full on or before the maturity date. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fluctuating interest rate may be prepaid at any 
time without penalty. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fixed interest rate may be prepaid at any time in minimum amounts of 
$100,000, subject to a prepayment fee equal to the sum of the discounted monthly differences between payment under a fixed rate versus 
payment under the variable rate for each month from the month of prepayment through the month in which the then applicable fixed rate 
term matures. 

Our  obligations  under  the  Credit  Agreement  are  secured  by  our  accounts  receivable  and  other  rights  to  payment,  general  intangibles, 
inventory, equipment and fixtures. We also have credit approval with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. which allows us to hedge foreign currency 
exposures up to 30 months in the future. We also have credit approval with Bank of America which allows us to hedge foreign currency 
exposures up to 24 months in the future. 

On June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the financial and other covenants required under the Credit Agreement. 

In light of the global economic uncertainty related to COVID-19 and as a preventative measure to provide our business with potentially 
necessary liquidity, and out of an abundance of caution, we withdrew $10 million from our credit facility with Wells Fargo during the year 
ended June 30, 2020. While we have not yet experienced any significant negative effects related to COVID-19 and notwithstanding our 
belief that our cash position and working capital excluding this $10.0 million borrowing is sufficient to support our ongoing operations, we 
deemed it prudent to borrow against our line of credit to ensure that such funds would be available to us if and when we need them. As of 
June 30, 2020, we did not have any remaining availability under our credit facilities. 

G. Income Taxes  

During fiscal 2020, we recorded U.S.-based domestic tax benefit of $821,000. During fiscal 2019, we recorded U.S.-based domestic tax 
expense of $6,000. 

The following is a geographical breakdown of (loss) income before income taxes (in thousands): 

2020 

2019 

United States .............................................................................................................   $ 
Foreign ......................................................................................................................     
Total (loss) income before income taxes ...........................................................................   $ 

(5,742 )   $ 
4,004       
(1,738 )   $ 

The provision for income taxes for the years ended June 30 consisted of the following (in thousands): 

2020 

2019 

Current: 

Federal.......................................................................................................................   $ 
State ..........................................................................................................................     
Foreign ......................................................................................................................     

Deferred: 

Federal.......................................................................................................................     
State ..........................................................................................................................     
Foreign ......................................................................................................................     

Total (benefit) provision for income taxes ........................................................................   $ 

31     $ 
4       
728       
763       

(641 )     
(215 )     
—       
(856 )     
(93 )   $ 

927   
7,026   
7,953   

12   
16   
1,172   
1,200   

6   
(28 ) 
234   
212   
1,412   

38 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
       
         
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
       
         
  
  
    
       
         
  
  
    
   
 
 
Net deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of June 30 were as follows (in thousands): 

2020  

2019 

Deferred tax assets: 

Inventory capitalization .............................................................................................   $ 
Inventory reserves .....................................................................................................     
Pension liability .........................................................................................................     
Lease liability ............................................................................................................     
Net operating loss carry forward ...............................................................................     
Deferred rent .............................................................................................................     
Stock-based compensation ........................................................................................     
Forward Contracts .....................................................................................................     
Tax credit carry forward ............................................................................................     
Allowance for bad debt .............................................................................................     
Other, net ...................................................................................................................     
Total gross deferred tax assets ..........................................................................................     

Deferred tax liabilities: 

Withholding taxes .....................................................................................................     
Fixed Assets ..............................................................................................................     
Foreign inventory reserves ........................................................................................     
Lease asset ................................................................................................................     
Forward Contracts .....................................................................................................     
Other, net ...................................................................................................................     
Deferred tax liabilities .......................................................................................................     
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) ....................................................................................   $ 

412     $ 
301       
260       
2,732       
245       
—       
157       
93       
340       
819       
246       
5,605       

(1,133 )     
(1,011 )     
(469 )     
(2,681 )     
—       
(115 )     
(5,409 )     
196     $ 

507   
273   
159   
—   
220   
130   
174   
—   
260   
2   
91   
1,816   

(1,133 ) 
(905 ) 
(469 ) 
—   
(229 ) 
(98 ) 
(2,834 ) 
(1,018 ) 

At June 30, 2020, we had state tax net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $3.4 million. Under California Assembly Bill 85, 
effective  June  29,  2020,  net  operating  loss  deductions  were  suspended  for  tax  years  beginning  in  2019,  2020,  and  2021  and  the  carry 
forward periods of any net operating losses not utilized due to such suspension were extended. Our state tax loss carry forwards will begin 
to expire in fiscal 2032, unless used before their expiration. 

Pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the annual use of the net operating loss carry 
forwards and research and development tax credits could be limited by any greater than 50% ownership change during any three-year 
testing period. We did not have any ownership changes that met this criterion during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 
2019. 

We are subject to taxation in the U.S., Switzerland and various state jurisdictions. Our tax years for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 and 
forward are subject to examination by the U.S. tax authorities. Our tax years for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2007 and forward are 
subject  to  examination  by  the  state  tax  authorities.  Our  tax  years  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  2019 and  forward  are  subject  to 
examination by the Swiss tax authorities. 

NAIE’s effective tax rate for Swiss federal, cantonal and communal taxes is approximately 18.2%. 

As part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the Tax Act), we were required to recognize a one-time deemed repatriation transition tax 
during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 based on our total post-1986 earnings and profits (E&P) from our Swiss subsidiary, NAIE. This 
accumulated  E&P  amount  has  historically  been  considered  permanently  reinvested  thereby  allowing  us  to  defer  recognizing  any  U.S. 
income tax on the amount. We no longer consider undistributed foreign earnings from NAIE as of December 31, 2017 as indefinitely 
reinvested. We consider earnings accumulated subsequent to December 31, 2017 as indefinitely reinvested. 

A reconciliation of our income tax provision computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% for fiscal 2020 and for 
fiscal 2019 to net income before income taxes for the year ended June 30 is as follows (dollars in thousands): 

Income taxes computed at statutory federal income tax rate ............................................    $ 
State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense .....................................................      
Permanent Differences .....................................................................................................      
Foreign tax rate differential ..............................................................................................      
Global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) ..................................................................      
Income tax provision as reported .....................................................................................    $ 
Effective tax rate ..............................................................................................................      

2020  

2019 

  $ 

(364) 
(174) 
155  
(112) 
402  
(93) 
  $ 
5.4%     

1,670   
(6 ) 
(187 ) 
(70 ) 
5   
1,412   
17.8 % 

The effective tax rate for the year ended June 30, 2020 was 5.4%. The effective tax rate for the year ended June 30, 2020 differs from the 
estimated U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due primarily to the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) enacted as part of the Tax 
Act, and permanent differences, which primarily include discrete tax items related to employee stock vesting. In comparison, the effective 

39 

  
  
  
    
  
       
         
  
  
       
         
  
       
         
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
  
tax rate for the year ended June 30, 2019 was 17.8%. The effective tax rate for the year ended June 30, 2019 differs from the estimated 
U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to permanent differences, which primarily includes research and development tax credits. We expect 
our U.S. federal statutory rate to be 21% for fiscal years going forward. 

H. Employee Benefit Plans  

We have a profit sharing plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Code, whereby participants may contribute a percentage of compensation 
not in excess of the maximum allowed under the Code. All employees with six months or longer of continuous employment are eligible to 
participate in the plan. Under the 401(k) plan, we match 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2% of a participant’s compensation 
contributed to the plan. The total contributions under the plan charged to income from operations totaled $314,000 for fiscal 2020 and 
$283,000 for fiscal 2019. 

We have a “Cafeteria Plan” pursuant to Section 125 of the Code, whereby health care benefits are provided for active employees through 
insurance companies. Substantially all active full-time employees are eligible for these benefits. We recognize the cost of providing these 
benefits by expensing the annual premiums, which are based on benefits paid during the year. The premiums expensed to income from 
operations for these benefits totaled $1.4 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 and $1.3 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 
2019. 

Effective July 16, 2020, the Board of Directors approved and adopted a Non-Qualified Incentive Plan. The purpose of the Non-Qualified 
Incentive Plan is to enhance the long-term stockholder value of NAI by offering opportunities to directors, officers, employees and eligible 
consultants of NAI to receive a cash award that may be subject to conditions precedent or subsequent that must be met before the NAI is 
obligated to make the payment, and to provide to the Human Resources Committee and the Board of Directors the ability to make deferred 
cash payments or other cash awards in order to encourage Participants to serve NAI or to remain in the service of NAI, or to assist NAI to 
achieve results determined by the Human Resources Committee or the Board of Directors to be in NAI's best interest. 

The  Non-Qualified  Incentive  Plan  provides  for  the  Human  Resources  Committee  or  the  Board  of  Directors  to  award  and  administer 
unsecured and deferred cash awards subject to whatever conditions are determined by the Human Resources Committee or the Board of 
Directors with each award. The terms of each award, including the amount and any conditions that must be met to be entitled to payment 
of the award, are set forth in an Award Agreement. The Non-Qualified Incentive Plan provides the Board of Directors with the discretion 
to set aside assets to fund the Non-Qualified Incentive Plan although that has not been done to date. 

We formerly sponsored a defined benefit pension plan, which provides retirement benefits to employees based generally on years of service 
and compensation during the last five years before retirement. Effective June 21, 1999, we adopted an amendment to freeze benefit accruals 
to the participants. Annually, we contribute an amount not less than the minimum funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income 
Security Act of 1974 nor more than the maximum tax-deductible amount. 

Disclosure of Funded Status  

The following table sets forth the defined benefit pension plan’s funded status and amount recognized in our consolidated balance sheets 
at June 30 (in thousands): 

2020 

2019 

Change in Benefit Obligation: 

Benefit obligation at beginning of year .........................................................................   $ 
Interest cost ...................................................................................................................     
Actuarial loss ................................................................................................................     
Benefits paid .................................................................................................................     
Benefit obligation at end of year .......................................................................................   $ 
Change in Plan Assets: 

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year ...............................................................   $ 
Actual return on plan assets ..........................................................................................     
Employer contributions .................................................................................................     
Benefits paid .................................................................................................................     
Plan expenses ................................................................................................................     
Fair value of plan assets at end of year..............................................................................   $ 
Reconciliation of Funded Status: 

Difference between benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets .............................   $ 
Unrecognized net actuarial loss in accumulated other comprehensive income .............     
Net amount recognized .....................................................................................................   $ 

Projected benefit obligation ..............................................................................................   $ 
Accumulated benefit obligation ........................................................................................   $ 
Fair value of plan assets ....................................................................................................   $ 

40 

1,615     $ 
46       
380       
(6 )     
2,035     $ 

1,369     $ 
(24 )     
—       
(6 )     
—       
1,339     $ 

(696 )   $ 
1,087       
391     $ 

2,035     $ 
2,035     $ 
1,339     $ 

1,498   
57   
173   
(113 ) 
1,615   

1,453   
69   
—   
(114 ) 
(39 ) 
1,369   

(246 ) 
671   
425   

1,615   
1,615   
1,369   

   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
       
         
  
       
         
  
       
         
  
  
       
         
  
  
The weighted-average discount rate used for determining the projected benefit obligations for the defined benefit pension plan was 2.45% 
for the year ended June 30, 2020 and 3.5% during the year ended June 30, 2019. 

Net Periodic Benefit Cost  

The components included in the defined benefit pension plan’s net periodic benefit expense for the fiscal years ended June 30 were as 
follows (in thousands): 

Interest cost ...............................................................................................................   $ 
Expected return on plan assets ..................................................................................     
Recognized actuarial loss ..........................................................................................     
Settlement loss ..........................................................................................................     
Net periodic benefit expense .............................................................................................   $ 

46     $ 
(69 )     
50       
—       
27     $ 

57   
(85 ) 
38   
43   
53   

2020 

2019 

In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, we did not contribute to our defined benefit pension plan. In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, 
we did not contribute to our defined benefit pension plan. We contributed $7,000 during the first quarter of the fiscal year ended June 30, 
2021. 

The following is a summary of changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (in thousands):  

Net gain .....................................................................................................................   $ 
Settlement loss ..........................................................................................................     
Amortization of net loss ............................................................................................     
Plan expenses ............................................................................................................     
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) ...................................................   $ 
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income ...............   $ 

2020 

2019 

481     $ 
—       
(57 )     
—       
424     $ 
451     $ 

189   
(50 ) 
(37 ) 
39   
141   
194   

The estimated net gain for the defined benefit pension plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net 
periodic  benefit cost  over the  next  fiscal  year  is $91,000.  We do  not  have  any  transition  obligations  or  prior  service  costs  recorded in 
accumulated other comprehensive income. 

The following benefit payments are expected to be paid (in thousands): 

2021 .........................................................................................................................................................................      $ 
2022 .........................................................................................................................................................................        
2023 .........................................................................................................................................................................        
2024 .........................................................................................................................................................................        
2025 .........................................................................................................................................................................        
2026-2030 .....................................................................................................................................................................        
Total benefit payments expected to be paid ..................................................................................................................      $ 

888  
62  
120  
—  
333  
383  
1,786  

The weighted-average rates used for the years ended June 30 in determining the defined benefit pension plan’s net pension costs, were as 
follows: 

Discount rate .....................................................................................................................     
Expected long-term rate of return .....................................................................................     
Compensation increase rate ...............................................................................................     

2.45%     
6.50%     
N/A  

3.51% 
6.50% 
N/A  

2020 

2019 

Our expected rate of return is determined based on a methodology that considers historical returns of multiple classes analyzed to develop 
a risk free real rate of return and risk premiums for each asset class. The overall rate for each asset class was developed by combining a 
long-term inflation component, the risk free real rate of return, and the associated risk premium. A weighted average rate was developed 
based on those overall rates and the target asset allocation of the plan. 

41 

   
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
 
 
Our defined benefit pension plan’s weighted average asset allocation at June 30 and weighted average target allocation were as follows: 

Equity securities ...............................................................................     
Debt securities ..................................................................................     
Commodities ....................................................................................     
Cash and money market funds .........................................................     

2020 

2019 

Target 
Allocation 

52%     
32%     
12%     
4%     
100%     

52%     
38%     
2%     
8%     
100%     

54% 
43% 
0% 
3% 
100% 

The underlying basis of the investment strategy of our defined benefit pension plan is to ensure that pension funds are available to meet the 
plan’s benefit obligations when due. Our investment strategy is a long-term risk controlled approach using diversified investment options 
with relatively minimal exposure to volatile investment options like derivatives. 

The fair values by asset category of our defined benefit pension plan at June 30, 2020 were as follows (in thousands): 

Quoted Prices
in Active 
Markets 
for 
Identical 
Assets 
(Level 1) 

Total 

Significant 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Cash and money market funds .......................................................    $ 
Commodities and other ..................................................................    $ 
Equity securities(1) ..........................................................................    $ 
Debt securities(2) .............................................................................    $ 
Total ...................................................................................    $ 

49    $ 
160    $ 
705    $ 
425    $ 
1,339    $ 

49    $ 
160    $ 
705    $ 
425    $ 
1,339    $ 

—    $ 
—    $ 
—    $ 
—    $ 
—    $ 

—  
—  
—  
—  
—  

(1)  This category is comprised of publicly traded funds, of which 79% are large-cap funds, 13% are developed market funds, and 8% are

emerging markets equity funds. 

(2)  This category is comprised of publicly traded funds, of which 82% are U.S. fixed income funds and 18% are developed market fixed

income funds. 

I. Stockholders’ Equity  

Treasury Stock  

On January 8, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized a $2.0 million increase to our stock repurchase plan bringing the total authorized 
repurchase amount to $9.0 million. On March 13, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized an additional $1.0 million increase to our stock 
repurchase plan bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $10.0 million. Under the repurchase plan, we may, from time to time, 
purchase shares of our common stock, depending upon market conditions, in open market or privately negotiated transactions. 

During the year ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased 400,787 shares at a weighted average cost of $8.25 per share and a total cost of $3.3 
million including commissions and fees. During the year ended June 30, 2019, we repurchased 76,272 shares at a weighted average cost of 
$10.97 per share and a total cost of $837,000 including commissions and fees under this repurchase plan. 

During fiscal 2020, we acquired 61,913 shares in connection with restricted stock shares that vested during that year at a weighted average 
cost of $7.14 per share and a total cost of $0.4 million. During fiscal 2019, we acquired 47,065 shares in connection with restricted stock 
shares that vested during that year at a weighted average cost of $11.26 per share and a total cost of $0.5 million. These shares were returned 
to us by the related employees and in return we paid each employee’s required tax withholding resulting from the vesting of restricted 
shares. The valuation of the shares acquired and thereby the number of shares returned to us was calculated based on the closing share price 
on the date the shares vested. 

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Stock Incentive Plans  

Stock option activity for the year ended June 30, 2020 was as follows: 

Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2019 ........................................      
Exercised ................................................................................      
Forfeited .................................................................................      
Granted ...................................................................................      
Outstanding at June 30, 2020 .........................................................      
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2020 ........................................      

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Weighted 
Average 
Contractual 
Term 
(in years) 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value 

6.28      
—      
—      
—      
6.28      
6.28      

0.59    $ 
0.59    $ 

150,400  
150,400  

2009 
Plan 

130,000     $ 
—     $ 
—     $ 
—     $ 
130,000     $ 
130,000     $ 

Restricted stock activity for the year ended June 30, 2020 was as follows: 

Number of 
Shares – 
2009 Plan 

Weighted 
Average Grant 
Date Fair 
Value 

Nonvested at June 30, 2019...........................................................................................      
Granted ..................................................................................................................      
Vested ...................................................................................................................      
Forfeited ................................................................................................................      
Nonvested at June 30, 2020...........................................................................................      

383,988    $ 
5,000    $ 
(176,338)   $ 
(15,000)   $ 
197,650    $ 

10.70  
8.50  
10.33  
9.65  
11.06  

J. Commitments  

We lease a  total  of  162,000  square  feet at our manufacturing facility  in  Vista,  California from an  unaffiliated  third  party  under a  non-
cancelable operating lease. On July 31, 2013, we executed a third amendment to the lease for our manufacturing facility in Vista, CA. As 
a result of this amendment, our facility lease has been extended through March 2024. 

NAIE leases facility space in Manno, Switzerland from two unaffiliated third parties. The leased spaces total approximately 125,000 square 
feet. We primarily use the facilities for manufacturing, packaging, warehousing and distributing nutritional supplement products for the 
European and Asian marketplaces. On July 1, 2019, NAIE extended the lease on its main manufacturing facility for an additional five years 
through June 30, 2024. 

On November 5, 2018, NAIE entered into a lease with Sofinol SA for approximately 2,870 square meters of commercial warehouse space 
in a building located on the property adjacent to the leasehold for the primary existing NAIE facility in Manno Switzerland. NAIE uses the 
space primarily for raw material storage. The lease is for an initial five-year term commencing on January 1, 2019 and NAIE can terminate 
the lease with 12 months advance notice given on June 30th or December 31st each year of the initial term. At the end of the initial term 
the lease converts to a year to year lease at the same rental rate terminable by NAIE or the landlord upon 12 months' advance notice. 

Minimum rental commitments (exclusive of property tax, insurance and maintenance) under all non-cancelable operating leases with initial 
or remaining lease terms in excess of one year, including the lease agreements referred to above, are set forth below as of June 30, 2020 
(in thousands):  

Gross minimum rental commitments ......   $ 

3,175    $ 

3,066    $ 

3,103    $ 

2,620    $ 

—    $ 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

2025 

There- 
after 

     Total 
—    $  11,964  

Rental expense totaled $3.2 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 and $3.1 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. 

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K. Economic Dependency  

We had substantial net sales to certain customers during the fiscal years ended June 30 shown in the following table. The loss of any of 
these customers, or a significant decline in sales or the growth rate of sales to these customers, or in their ability to make payments when 
due, could have a material adverse impact on our net sales and net income. Net sales to any one customer representing 10% or more of the 
respective year’s consolidated net sales were as follows (dollars in thousands): 

Customer 1 .................................................................................................................    $ 
Customer 2 .................................................................................................................      
  $ 

52,462     $ 
24,692       
77,154     $ 

68,197   
26,102   
94,299   

Fiscal 2020  

Fiscal 2019 

Accounts receivable from these customers totaled $13.4 million at June 30, 2020 and $9.5 million at June 30, 2019. 

We buy certain products, including beta-alanine, from a single supplier. The loss of this supplier or other raw material suppliers could have 
a material adverse impact on our net sales and net income. Raw material purchases from any one supplier representing 10% or more of the 
respective period’s total raw material purchases were as follows (dollars in thousands): 

Year ended June 30,  

2020 

2019 

Raw Material 
Purchases by 
Supplier  

% of Total 
Raw 
Material 
Purchases  

Raw Material 
Purchases by 
Supplier  

% of Total 
Raw 
Material 
Purchases 

Supplier 1 .............................................................   $ 
Supplier 2 .............................................................     
  $ 

6,356      
(a)      
6,356      

10%     
(a)  
10%   $ 

(a)      
8,240      
8,240      

(a)% 
11  
11% 

(a)  Purchases were less than 10% of the respective period’s total raw material purchases. 

L. Derivatives and Hedging  

We are  exposed  to  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  fluctuations in  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  relating  to  forecasted  product  sales 
denominated in foreign currencies and transactions of NAIE, our foreign subsidiary. As part of our overall strategy to manage the level of 
exposure to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, we may use foreign exchange contracts in the form of forward 
contracts. There can be no guarantee any such contracts, to the extent we enter into such contracts, will be effective hedges against our 
foreign currency exchange risk. 

During the year ended June 30, 2020 and prior, we entered into forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges primarily to protect 
against the foreign exchange risks inherent in our forecasted sales of products at prices denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. 
These contracts are expected to be settled through August 2021. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow 
hedges, we record the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) as a separate 
component  of  stockholders’  equity  and  subsequently  reclassify  these  amounts  into  earnings  in  the  period  during  which  the  hedged 
transaction is recognized in earnings. 

For foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges, hedge effectiveness is measured using the spot rate. Changes in the spot-
forward  differential  are  excluded  from  the  test  of  hedge  effectiveness  and  are  recorded  currently  in  earnings  as  revenue.  We  measure 
effectiveness by comparing the cumulative change in the hedge contract with the cumulative change in the hedged item as well as ensuring 
the  assumptions  we  made  at  hedge  inception  have  not  materially  changed.  No  hedging  relationships  were  terminated  as  a  result  of 
ineffective hedging for the years ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019. 

We monitor the probability of forecasted transactions as part of the hedge effectiveness testing on a quarterly basis. As of March 31, 2019, 
we determined that a portion of forecasted sales for our fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 were no longer probable of occurring by the end 
of the specified time period. Therefore, we partially terminated hedging contracts for 2.3 million Euro and recorded a $132,000 gain to 
other income related to this termination. 

As of June 30, 2020, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange contracts were $49.4 million (€43.5 million). As of June 30, 2020, a net 
loss of approximately $388,000 offset by $93,000 of deferred taxes, related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges was 
recorded in OCI. As of June 30, 2019, a net gain of approximately $957,000, offset by $229,000 of deferred taxes, related to derivative 
instruments designated as cash flow hedges was recorded in OCI. It is expected that $287,000 of the gross loss as of June 30, 2020, will be 
reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months along with the earnings effects of the related forecasted transactions. 

As of June 30, 2020, $450,000 of the fair value of our cash flow hedges was classified as a current asset, and $195,000 was classified as a 
long-term liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended June 30, 2020, we recognized $1.4 million of net gains in 
OCI, reclassified $2.7 million of gains and forward point amortization from OCI to Net Sales, and reclassified $54,000 of gains from OCI 

44 

  
  
  
  
    
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
to Other Income. During the year ended June 30, 2019, we recognized $4.3 million of net gains in OCI, reclassified $1.8 million of gains 
from OCI to Other Income, and reclassified $1.2 million of gains from OCI to net sales. 

M. Contingencies  

From time to time, we become involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our 
business. These matters may relate to product liability, employment, intellectual property, tax, regulation, contract or other matters. The 
resolution of these matters as they arise will be subject to various uncertainties and, even if such claims are without merit, could result in 
the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. While unfavorable outcomes are possible, based on available information, 
we generally do not believe the resolution of these matters will result in a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial 
condition,  or  results  of  operations  and  the  price  of  our  common  stock.  However,  a  settlement  payment  or  unfavorable  outcome  could 
adversely impact our results of operations. Our evaluation of the likely impact of these actions could change in the future and we could 
have unfavorable outcomes we do not expect. 

N. Segment Information  

Our  business  consists  of  two  segments  for  financial  reporting  purposes.  The  two  segments  are  identified  as  (i)  private-label  contract 
manufacturing, which  primarily  relates  to the  provision  of  private-label  contract  manufacturing services  to  companies  that market  and 
distribute nutritional supplements and other health care products, and (ii) patent and trademark licensing, which primarily includes direct 
raw material sales and royalty income from our license and supply agreements associated with the sale and use of beta-alanine under our 
CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trade names. 

We evaluate performance based on a number of factors. The primary performance measures for each segment are net sales and income or 
loss  from  operations  before  corporate  allocations.  Operating  income  or  loss  for  each  segment  does  not  include  corporate  general  and 
administrative  expenses,  interest  expense  and  other  miscellaneous  income  and  expense  items.  Corporate  general  and  administrative 
expenses  include,  but  are  not  limited  to:  human  resources,  corporate  legal,  finance,  information  technology,  and  other  corporate  level 
related expenses, which are not allocated to any segment. Transfers of raw materials between segments are recorded at cost. The accounting 
policies of our segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note A. 

Our operating results by business segment for the years ended June 30 were as follows (in thousands): 

Net Sales 

Private-label contract manufacturing ....................................................................    $ 
Patent and trademark licensing ..............................................................................      
  $ 

106,291     $ 
12,585       
118,876     $ 

121,598  
16,692  
138,290  

2020 

2019 

(Loss) Income from Operations 

Private-label contract manufacturing ....................................................................    $ 
Patent and trademark licensing ..............................................................................      
Income from operations of reportable segments....................................................      
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments ......................................................      
  $ 

4,030     $ 
2,508       
6,538       
(8,047 )     
(1,509 )   $ 

2020 

2019 

Assets 

Private-label contract manufacturing ....................................................................    $ 
Patent and trademark licensing ..............................................................................      
  $ 

100,094     $ 
20,109       
120,203     $ 

2020 

2019 

11,232  
2,892  
14,124  
(8,163) 
5,961  

74,431  
19,059  
93,490  

Our private-label contract manufacturing products are sold both in the U.S. and in markets outside the U.S., including Europe, Canada, 
Australia, New Zealand, and Asia. Our primary markets outside the U.S. are Europe and Asia. Our patent and trademark licensing activities 
are primarily based in the U.S. 

Net sales by geographic region, based on the customers’ location, for the two years ended June 30 were as follows (in thousands): 

United States .................................................................................................................    $ 
Markets outside the United States .................................................................................      
Total net sales ........................................................................................................    $ 

66,912     $ 
51,964       
118,876     $ 

67,000  
71,290  
138,290  

2020 

2019 

Products manufactured by NAIE accounted for 89% of consolidated net sales in markets outside the U.S. in fiscal 2020 and 78% in fiscal 
2019. No products manufactured by NAIE were sold in the U.S. during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.   

45 

   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
       
         
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
       
         
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
       
         
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
   
Long-lived assets by geographic region, based on the location of the company or subsidiary at which they were located or made, for the 
two years ended June 30 were as follows (in thousands): 

United States .................................................................................................................    $ 
Europe ...........................................................................................................................      
Total Long-Lived Assets .......................................................................................    $ 

21,769     $ 
18,108       
39,877     $ 

10,977  
10,108  
21,085  

2020 

2019 

As a result of the implementation of ASC 842, operating lease right-of-use assets are now recorded as part of long-lived assets for segment 
reporting. 

Total assets by geographic region, based on the location of the company or subsidiary at which they were located or made, for the two 
years ended June 30 were as follows (in thousands): 

United States .................................................................................................................    $ 
Europe ...........................................................................................................................      
Total Assets ...........................................................................................................    $ 

66,489     $ 
53,714       
120,203     $ 

54,785  
38,705  
93,490  

2020 

2019 

Capital expenditures by geographic region, based on the location of the company or subsidiary at which they were located or made, for 
the two years ended June 30 were as follows (in thousands): 

United States .................................................................................................................    $ 
Europe ...........................................................................................................................      
Total Capital Expenditures ....................................................................................    $ 

1,530     $ 
3,011       
4,541     $ 

1,746  
3,581  
5,327  

2020 

2019 

O. Subsequent Events 

On July 8, 2020, we purchased four forward contracts designated and effective as cash flow hedges to protect against the foreign currency 
exchange risk inherent in a portion of our forecasted sales transactions denominated in Euros. The four contracts expire quarterly beginning 
November 2020 and ending August 2021. The forward contracts have a notional amount of €17.3 million and a weighted average forward 
rate of 1.1326. 

Effective July 16, 2020, the Board of Directors approved and adopted a Non-Qualified Incentive Plan. The purpose of the Non-Qualified 
Incentive Plan is to enhance the long-term stockholder value of NAI by offering opportunities to directors, officers, employees and eligible 
consultants of NAI to receive a cash award that may be subject to conditions precedent or subsequent that must be met before the NAI is 
obligated to make the payment, and to provide to the Human Resources Committee and the Board of Directors the ability to make deferred 
cash payments or other cash awards in order to encourage Participants to serve NAI or to remain in the service of NAI, or to assist NAI to 
achieve results determined by the Human Resources Committee or the Board of Directors to be in NAI's best interest. 

The  Non-Qualified  Incentive  Plan  provides  for  the  Human  Resources  Committee  or  the  Board  of  Directors  to  award  and  administer 
unsecured and deferred cash awards subject to whatever conditions are determined by the Human Resources Committee or the Board of 
Directors with each award. The terms of each award, including the amount and any conditions that must be met to be entitled to payment 
of the award, are set forth in an Award Agreement. The Non-Qualified Incentive Plan provides the Board of Directors with the discretion 
to set aside assets to fund the Non-Qualified Incentive Plan although that has not been done to date. 

On July 16, 2020, deferred cash awards were granted to various officers, directors and employees of NAI pursuant to the Non-Qualified 
Incentive Plan, each providing for a cash payment to the Participant one third of which shall be paid on the one year, and two year, and 
three year anniversary of the date of the award, provided on the date of payment the Participant has been employed since the date of the 
award, and continues to be a member of the Board of Directors, or an employee of NAI. In the event a Participant ceases to be an employee 
of  NAI  or  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  NAI  prior  to  any  remaining  date  of  payment  no  further  payments  shall  be  made  in 
connection with the award. 

On July 23, 2020, the United States Department of Treasury issued final regulations which provide an exclusion to GILTI. We are currently 
evaluating the impact these regulations will have on our consolidated financial statements. The detriment or benefit, if any, of applying 
these regulations will be reflected in our first quarter interim financial statements for fiscal year ending June 30, 2021. 

On July 30, 2020, we purchased four forward contracts designated and effective as cash flow hedges to protect against the foreign currency 
exchange risk inherent in a portion of our forecasted sales transactions denominated in Euros. The four contracts expire quarterly beginning 
November 2021 and ending August 2022. The forward contracts have a notional amount of €15.0 million and a weighted average forward 
rate of 1.1789. 

On September 18, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized a $2.0 million increase to our stock repurchase plan bringing the total authorized 
repurchase amount to $12.0 million. 

Management has evaluated subsequent events through September 21, 2020, the date the Statements were available to be issued and there 
are no additional subsequent events that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the Statements. 

46 

  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
ITEM 9.  

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL 
DISCLOSURE  

None. 

ITEM 9A. 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES  

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures  

We maintain certain disclosure controls and procedures as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. They are designed to help 
ensure that material information is: (1) gathered and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial 
officers, in a manner that allows for timely decisions regarding required disclosures; and (2) recorded, processed, summarized, reported 
and filed with the SEC as required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and within the time periods specified by the SEC. 

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the 
design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2020. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer 
and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2020. 

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting  

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company, and for 
performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2020. For this purpose, internal 
control over financial reporting refers to a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and financial 
officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control 
over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, 
accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  Company;  (2) provide  reasonable  assurance  that 
transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  GAAP,  and  that  receipts  and 
expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and 
(3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s 
assets that could have a material adverse effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any 
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, 
or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

Management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2020 
based upon criteria in an Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission  (COSO).  Based  on  this  assessment,  management  believes  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was 
effective as of June 30, 2020 based on the criteria issued by COSO. 

This assessment does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal 
control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not required to be attested to by the Company’s independent registered public 
accounting firm pursuant to applicable law and rules that permit the Company to provide only the management’s report as part of this 
assessment. 

(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting  

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter ended June 30, 2020 that have materially 
affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

ITEM 9B. 

OTHER INFORMATION  

None. 

47 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
The information called for under Items 10- 14 of this Part III will be incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 
Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on December 4, 2020, to be filed on or before October 28, 2020. 

PART III  

ITEM  15. 

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES  

The following documents are filed as part of this report: 

PART IV  

(1)  Financial Statements. The financial statements listed below are included under Item 8 of this report: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 and 2019; 

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019; 

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019; 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019; and 

•  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

48 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
(2)  Exhibits. The following exhibit index shows those exhibits filed with this report and those incorporated by reference: 

Exhibit 
Number 
3(i) 

3(ii) 

Description 

Incorporated By Reference To 

EXHIBIT INDEX  

Amended  and  Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  of 
Natural  Alternatives  International,  Inc.  filed  with  the 
Delaware Secretary of State on January 14, 2005 
Amended  and  Restated  By-laws  of  Natural  Alternatives 
International, Inc. dated as of February 9, 2009 

   Exhibit 3(i) of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the 
quarterly  period  ended  December  31,  2004,  filed  with  the 
commission on February 14, 2005 

   Exhibit  3(ii) of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated 
February 9, 2009, filed with the commission on February 13, 
2009 

4(i) 

Form of NAI’s Common Stock Certificate 

   Exhibit 4(i) of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 2005, filed with the commission 
on September 8, 2005 

10.5 

10.6 

Lease  of  Facilities  in  Vista,  California  between  NAI  and 
Calwest  Industrial  Properties,  LLC,  a  California  limited 
liability company (lease reference date June 12, 2003) 
Form  of  Indemnification  Agreement  entered  into  between 
NAI and each of its directors 

   Exhibit 10.10 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for 
the  quarterly  period  ended  September 30,  2003,  filed  with 
the commission on November 5, 2003 

   Exhibit 10.15 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 2004, filed with the commission 
on September 14, 2004 

10.9 

2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan* 

   Attachment D of NAI’s definitive Proxy Statement filed with 

10.10 

Nonqualified Incentive Plan* 

the commission on October 16, 2009 

   Exhibit  10.1  to  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated 

July 16, 2020, filed with the commission on July 22, 2020  

10.21 

10.23 

10.30 

10.33 

10.37 

10.38 

10.39 

10.40 

10.41 

10.42 

10.44 

10.45 

License and Fee Agreement effective November 10, 2010 by 
and among Roger Harris, Mark Dunnett, Kenny Johansson 
and NAI 
ISDA 2002 Master Agreement dated as of March 10, 2011 
by  and  between  Bank  of  America  N.A.  and  NAI  (with 
Schedule dated March 10, 2011) 
Third  amendment  to  the  Lease  of  Facilities  in  Vista, 
California between NAI and CWCA Vista Distribution 77, 
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 
Credit  Agreement  by  and  between  NAI  and  Wells  Fargo 
Bank, N.A. effective as of November 1, 2014 

   Exhibit 10.40 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2010, filed with the 
commission on November 12, 2010 

   Exhibit 10.31 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for 
the  quarterly  period  ended  March  31,  2011,  filed  with  the 
commission on May 16, 2011 

   Exhibit 10.40 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, filed with the commission 
on September 19, 2013 

   Exhibit  10.1  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated 
December 22, 2014 filed with the commission on December 
24, 2014. 

Agreement to License by and between NAI and Compound 
Solutions, Inc. effective as of April 1, 2014 

   Exhibit 10.37 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, filed with the commission 
on September 25, 2014. 

Lease  of  Facilities  in  Manno,  Switzerland  between  NAIE 
and  Mr.  Silvio  Tarchini  effective  July  1,  2014  (English 
translation) 
Amended  and  Restated  Employment  Agreement,  by  and 
between  NAI  and  Mark  A.  LeDoux,  effective  October  1, 
2015* 
Amended  and  Restated  Employment  Agreement,  by  and 
between  NAI  and  Kenneth  E.  Wolf,  effective  October  1, 
2015* 
Amended  and  Restated  Employment  Agreement,  by  and 
between  NAI  and  Michael  E.  Fortin,  effective  October  1, 
2015* 
First amendment to credit agreement by and between NAI 
and the Wells Fargo Bank N.A. effective as of February 1, 
2016 
First amendment to the Amended and Restated Employment 
Agreement,  by  and  between  NAI  and  Michael  E.  Fortin, 
effective September 1, 2016* 
Second Amendment to the Credit agreement by and between 
NAI and the Wells Fargo Bank N.A. effective as of March 
28, 2017 

   Exhibit 10.38 of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, filed with the commission 
on September 25, 2014. 

   Exhibit  10.1  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated 
October  1,  2015,  filed  with  the  commission  on  October  1, 
2015. 

   Exhibit  10.2  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated 
October  1,  2015,  filed  with  the  commission  on  October  1, 
2015. 

   Exhibit  10.3  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015, filed with the 
commission on November 12, 2015. 

   Exhibit 10.01 of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for 
the quarterly period ended December 31, 2015, filed with the 
commission on February 9, 2016. 

   NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated  September  1, 
2016, filed with the commission on September 6, 2016 

   Exhibit  10.1  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the  quarterly  period  ended  March  31,  2017,  filed  with  the 
commission on May 15, 2017 

49 

  
  
   
 
 
10.47 

10.48 

10.49 

10.51 

10.52 

10.53 

10.54 

10.55 

10.56 

10.57 

10.58 

10.60 

Exclusive  Manufacturing  Agreement  by  and  between  NAI 
and the Juice Plus+ Company dated August 7, 2017 
Restricted  Stock  Agreement  by  and  between  NAI  and  the 
Juice Plus+ Company dated August 7, 2017 
Third amendment to the Credit agreement by and between 
NAI and Wells Fargo Bank N.A. effective as of September 
30, 2017 
Fourth Amendment to the Credit agreement by and between 
NAI and the Wells Fargo Bank N.A. effective as of March 
20, 2018 
Revolving Line of Credit Note made by NAI for the benefit 
of  Wells  Fargo  Bank  N.A.  dated  March  20,  2018  in  the 
amount of $10,000,000 
First amendment to the Amended and Restated Employment 
Agreement,  by  and  between  NAI  and  Mark  A.  LeDoux, 
effective July 1, 2018* 
First amendment to the Amended and Restated Employment 
Agreement,  by  and  between  NAI  and  Kenneth  E.  Wolf, 
effective July 1, 2018* 
Second  amendment 
the  Amended  and  Restated 
Employment Agreement, by and between NAI and Michael 
E. Fortin, effective July 1, 2018* 
Lease  of  Facilities  in  Manno,  Switzerland  between  NAIE 
and Mr. Silvio Tarchini dated October 19, 2018 

to 

   Exhibit  10.45  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  filed 

with the commission on August 11, 2017 

   Exhibit  10.46  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  filed 

with the commission on August 11, 2017 

   Exhibit  10.1  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017, filed with the 
commission on November 13, 2017 

   Exhibit  10.1  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the  quarterly  period  ended  March  31,  2018,  filed  with  the 
commission on May 14, 2018 

   Exhibit  10.2  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the  quarterly  period  ended  March  31,  2018,  filed  with  the 
commission on May 14, 2018 

   Exhibit  10.1  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, filed with the 
commission on November 13, 2018 

   Exhibit  10.2  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, filed with the 
commission on November 13, 2018 

   Exhibit  10.3  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, filed with the 
commission on November 13, 2018 

   Exhibit  10.4  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, filed with the 
commission on November 13, 2018 

Lease  of  Parking  Places  in  Manno,  Switzerland  between 
NAIE and Mr. Silvio Tarchini dated October 19, 2018 

   Exhibit  10.5  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, filed with the 
commission on November 13, 2018 

Lease  of  Facilities  in  Manno,  Switzerland  between  NAIE 
and Sofinol SA dated November 5, 2018 

   Exhibit  10.6  of NAI’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for 
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, filed with the 
commission on November 13, 2018 

Amended 
Agreement with Juice Plus+ dated March 31, 2019 

and  Restated  Exclusive  Manufacturing 

   Exhibit 10.48 of NAI’s Current Report on Form 8-K Form 
8-K  dated  March  31,  2019,  filed  with  the  commission  on 
April 5, 2019 

to 

10.62 

10.64 

10.61 

10.63 

Third  amendment 
the  Amended  and  Restated 
Employment Agreement, by and between NAI and Michael 
E. Fortin, effective July 1, 2019* 
Credit  Agreement  by  and  between  NAI  and  Wells  Fargo 
Bank, N.A. effective as of July 1, 2019 
Revolving Line of Credit Note made by NAI for the benefit 
of Wells Fargo Bank N.A. dated July 1, 2019 in the amount 
of $10,000,000 
Security Agreement by and between NAI and Wells Fargo 
effective as of July 1, 2019 
Subsidiaries of the Company 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm    
Rule  13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)  Certification  of  Chief  Executive 
Officer 
Rule  13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)  Certification  of  Chief  Financial 
Officer 
32 
Section 1350 Certification 
101.INS  XBRL Instance Document 
101.SCH  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 
101.CAL  XBRL  Taxonomy  Extension  Calculation  Linkbase 

21 
23.1 
31.1 

31.2 

Filed herewith 

Filed herewith 
Furnished herewith 
Furnished herewith 
Furnished herewith 

   Exhibit 10.61 of NAI's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, filed with the commission 
on September 24, 2019. 

   Exhibit  10.1  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated 
July 26, 2019 filed with the commission on July 30, 2019 
   Exhibit  10.2  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated 
July 26, 2019 filed with the commission on July 30, 2019 

   Exhibit  10.3  of  NAI’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  dated 
July 26, 2019 filed with the commission on July 30, 2019 
Filed herewith 
Filed herewith 
Filed herewith 

Document 

101.DEF  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document   
101.LAB  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 
101.PRE  XBRL  Taxonomy  Extension  Presentation  Linkbase 

Furnished herewith 
Furnished herewith 
Furnished herewith 

Document 

  *  Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. 

50 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Natural Alternatives International, Inc., the 
registrant, has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

Date: September 21, 2020 

SIGNATURES  

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC. 

By:  /s/ Mark A. LeDoux 
   Mark A. LeDoux, Chief Executive Officer 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf 
of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 

Signature 

Title 

Date 

/s/ Mark A. LeDoux 
(Mark A. LeDoux) 

/s/ Michael E. Fortin 
(Michael E. Fortin) 

/s/ Joe E. Davis 
(Joe E. Davis) 

/s/ Alan G. Dunn 
(Alan G. Dunn) 

/s/ Alan J. Lane 
(Alan J. Lane) 

/s/ Lee G. Weldon 
(Lee G. Weldon) 

/s/ L. Kay Matherly 
(L. Kay Matherly) 

Chief Executive Officer and 
Chairman of the Board of Directors  
(principal executive officer) 

Chief Financial Officer 
(principal financial officer and 
principal accounting officer) 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

September 21, 2020 

September 21, 2020 

September 21, 2020 

September 21, 2020 

September 21, 2020 

September 21, 2020 

September 21, 2020 

51 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION 

OFFICERS 
Mark LeDoux 
Chairman and Chief Executive 
Officer 

Kenneth Wolf 
President, Chief Operating 
Officer and Secretary 

Michael Fortin 
Chief Financial Officer 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
Mark LeDoux 
Joe Davis 
Alan Dunn 
Alan Lane 
Lee Weldon 
Laura Kay Matherly 

INVESTOR RELATIONS 
Natural Alternatives International, 
Inc. 
1535 Faraday Avenue 
Carlsbad, California 92078 USA 

ANNUAL MEETING 
The annual meeting of the 
stockholders will be held at  
11:00 a.m. PST on Friday,  
December 4, 2020.  

The annual meeting will be 
conducted exclusively via a live 
webcast. 

Meeting ID: 
www.meetingcenter.io/254478668 
Meeting Password: NAII2020 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED 
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
Haskell & White LLP 
300 Spectrum Center Drive, Suite 
300 
Irvine, California 92618 

CORPORATE COUNSEL 
FisherBroyles LLP 
12707 High Bluff Drive, Suite 200 
San Diego, California 92130 

TRANSFER AGENT & REGISTRAR 
Computershare, Inc. 
PO Box 505000 
Louisville, Kentucky 40233-5000 
T: 800-522-6645 
www.Computershare.com/investor 

TRADEMARKS 
NAI®, CarnoSyn®, SR CarnoSyn® are registered trademarks of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. 

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC. 

Custom Formulating ● Blending ● Tablets ● Capsules ● Enteric Coating ● Powders 
Pre-Blends ● Packaging Solutions Including High Speed Bottling, Packets and Blister Packs 
Domestic and International Regulatory Support 

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 
1535 Faraday Avenue ● Carlsbad, California 92008 USA ● T: 760-736-7700 ● F: 760-727-5325 ● E: info@nai-online.com 

NAI EUROPE 
Centro Galleria 1 ● Via Cantonale ● 6928 Manno ● Switzerland ● T: 41-91-610-8460 ● F: 41-91-610-8470 

1-800-VITAMIN      WWW.NAI-ONLINE.COM