NCR
Annual Report 2014

Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ________________________ FORM 10-K ________________________ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 Commission File Number 001-00395 ________________________ NCR CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) ________________________ Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 31-0387920 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 3097 Satellite Boulevard Duluth, GA 30096 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (937) 445-5000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None ________________________ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Table of Contents Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2014, was approximately $5.9 billion. As of February 10, 2015, there were approximately 168.7 million shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Table of Contents DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Part III: Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the Registrant’s fiscal year end of December 31, 2014 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report. TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Description Forward-Looking Statements Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART I PART II Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information PART III Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services 1. 1A. 1B. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 7A. 8. 9. 9A. 9B. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule PART IV Page i 1 6 16 16 16 16 17 18 19 38 39 104 105 105 106 106 106 106 106 106 This Report contains trademarks, service marks and registered marks of NCR Corporation and its subsidiaries, and of other companies, as indicated. Table of Contents FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements use words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “outlook,” “intend,” “believe,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “could” and words of similar meaning. Statements that describe or relate to our plans, goals, intentions, strategies or financial outlook, and statements that do not relate to historical or current fact, are examples of forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions, which may not prove to be accurate, and involve a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are out of our control. Forward-looking statement are not guarantees of future performance, and there are a number of important factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from the results contemplated by such forward-looking statements, including those listed in Item 1A "Risk Factors," and Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. i Table of Contents Item 1. General BUSINESS PART I NCR Corporation and its subsidiaries (NCR or the Company, also referred to as “we”, “us” or “our”) provide technology solutions and services that help businesses connect, interact and transact with their customers. Businesses NCR Corporation is a leading global technology company that provides innovative products and services that enable businesses to connect, interact and transact with their customers and enhance their customer relationships by addressing consumer demand for convenience, value and individual service. Our portfolio of self-service and assisted-service solutions serve customers in the financial services, retail, hospitality, travel and telecommunications and technology industries and include automated teller machines (ATMs) and ATM and financial services software, point of sale devices (POS) and POS software, and self-service kiosks and software applications that can be used by consumers to enable them to interact with businesses from their computer or mobile device. We complement these product solutions by offering a complete portfolio of services to support both NCR and third party solutions. We also resell third-party networking products and provide related service offerings in the telecommunications and technology sectors. Industries Served NCR provides specific solutions for customers of varying sizes in a range of industries such as financial services, retail, hospitality, travel and telecommunications and technology. NCR’s solutions are built on a foundation of long-established industry knowledge and consulting expertise, value-added software and hardware technology, global customer support services, and a complete line of business consumables and specialty media products. Company History NCR was originally incorporated in 1884 and was a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange prior to its merger with a wholly-owned subsidiary of AT&T Corp. (AT&T) on September 19, 1991. Subsequently, on December 31, 1996, AT&T distributed all of its interest in NCR to its stockholders. NCR common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trades under the symbol “NCR”. On September 30, 2007, NCR completed the spin-off of its Teradata Data Warehousing business through the distribution of a tax-free stock dividend to NCR stockholders. NCR distributed one share of common stock of Teradata Corporation (Teradata) for each share of NCR common stock to NCR stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 14, 2007. Significant Transactions On January 10, 2014, NCR completed its acquisition of Digital Insight Corporation, for which it paid an aggregate purchase price of $1,648 million. The purchase price was paid from the net proceeds of the December 2013 offer and sale of NCR's 5.875% and 6.375% senior unsecured notes, and borrowings under NCR's senior secured credit facility. As a result of the acquisition, Digital Insight became a wholly owned subsidiary of NCR. Operating Segments We categorize our operations into four reportable segments: Financial Services, Retail Solutions, Hospitality, and Emerging Industries. The information required by Item 1 with respect to our reportable segments and financial information regarding our geographic areas and those reportable segments can be found in Item 7 of Part II of this Report under “Revenue and Operating Income by Segment” as well as in Item 8 of Part II of this Report as part of Note 13, “Segment Information and Concentrations” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and is incorporated herein by reference. Products and Services We sell products and services that help businesses connect, interact and transact with their customers. Our product and service offerings fall into the following categories: 1 Table of Contents ATMs and Other Financial Products We provide financial institutions, retailers and independent deployers with financial-oriented self-service technologies, such as ATMs, cash dispensers, software solutions, including the APTRA™ self-service ATM software application suite (providing ATM management systems), cash management and video banking software and customer-facing digital banking services, as well as professional services related to ATM security, software and bank branch optimization. ATM and other financial product solutions are designed to quickly and reliably process consumer transactions and incorporate advanced features such as automated check cashing and deposit, automated cash deposit, web-enablement and bill payment (including mobile bill payment). These solutions help enable businesses to reduce costs and generate new revenue streams while enhancing customer loyalty. Point of Sale We provide retail and hospitality oriented technologies such as point of sale terminals and point of sale software, bar-code scanners and other retail-oriented software and services to retailers, restaurants, food service companies and entertainment and sports venues worldwide. Combining our retail and hospitality industry expertise, software and hardware technologies, and professional services, our solutions are designed to enable cost reductions and improve operational efficiency while increasing customer satisfaction. Self-Service Kiosks We provide self-service kiosks and related operating software to the retail, hospitality and travel industries. Our versatile kiosk solutions can support numerous retail self-service functions, including self-checkout, wayfinding (locating products or navigating through large, complex buildings and campuses), digital signage, bill payment and gift registries. We provide self-check in/out kiosk solutions to airlines, hotels and casinos that allow guests to check-in/out without assistance. These solutions create pleasant and convenient experiences for consumers and enable our customers to reduce costs. Our kiosks for the hospitality industry provide consumers the ability to order and pay at restaurants while enabling our customers to streamline order processing and reduce operating costs. Check and Document Imaging Our check and document imaging offerings provide end-to-end solutions for both traditional paper-based and image-based check and item processing. These solutions utilize advanced image recognition and workflow technologies to automate item processing, helping financial institutions increase efficiency and reduce operating costs. Consisting of hardware, software, professional and support services, our comprehensive check and document imaging solutions enable check and item-based transactions to be digitally captured, processed and retained within a flexible, scalable environment. Consumables We develop, produce and market a complete line of printer consumables for various print technologies. These products include two- sided thermal paper (2ST®), paper rolls for receipts in ATMs and POS solutions, inkjet and laser printer supplies, thermal transfer and ink ribbons, labels, laser documents, business forms and specialty media items such as photo and presentation papers. Consumables are designed to optimize operations and improve transaction accuracy, while reducing overall costs. Services Services are an essential and integrated component of NCR’s complete solution offerings. We provide maintenance and support services for our product offerings and also provide other services including site assessment and preparation, staging, installation and implementation, systems management and complete managed services. We provide Predictive Services, a managed services offering, which is designed to predict and address information technology issues quickly before they happen. We also offer a range of software and services such as cloud (or software-as-a-service) solutions, hosted services, and online, mobile and transactional services and applications such as bill pay. In addition, we are also focused on expanding the resale of third party networking products and related service offerings to a broader base of customers in the telecommunications and technology sectors and servicing third-party computer hardware from select manufacturers who value and leverage our global service capability. Target Markets and Distribution Channels Our ATMs and other financial product solutions primarily serve the financial services industry with particular focus on retail banking, which includes traditional providers of consumer banking and financial services. These solutions also serve the retail markets through convenience banking products for retailers designed to complement their core businesses. Customers are located throughout the world in both developed and emerging markets. We have historically sold most of our ATMs and financial products and services through a direct sales channel, although a portion of revenues is derived through distributors and value-added resellers. 2 Table of Contents We provide self-service kiosk and POS solutions to the retail, hospitality and travel industries. Retail customers include department stores, specialty retailers, mass merchandisers, catalog stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, grocery stores, drug stores, wholesalers, convenience stores, petroleum outlets and small businesses. Hospitality customers include retailers, restaurants and food service providers, and sports and entertainment venues (including stadiums, arenas and cinemas) and small businesses. Travel customers include airlines, airports, car rental companies, and hotel/lodging operators. Self-service kiosk and POS solutions are sold through a direct sales force and through relationships with value-added resellers, distributors, dealers and other indirect sales channels. We have focused our investments and resources on self-service technologies with expanded offerings to include self-ticketing and mobile check- in for the travel industry. Our imaging solutions primarily serve the financial services industry worldwide, with the primary focus on banks. We have historically distributed most of our imaging products and services through a direct sales channel, although certain revenues are derived through sales by value-added resellers and distributors. Our consumables products are sold to the financial services, retail and hospitality industries as well as to customers involved in transportation and manufacturing. These products are also sold through a direct sales force as well as through various channel partners including office product retailers, contract stationers, value-added resellers, original equipment manufacturers and, additionally, through telemarketing and the Internet. We provide service and support for our products and solutions through service contracts with our customers. We have also established managed service contracts with key customers and continue to pursue additional managed service relationships. Longer term managed service arrangements can help improve the efficiency and performance of the customer’s business, and also increase the strategic and financial importance of its relationship with NCR. We also service competing technologies—for example, ToshibaTec retail technologies and Diebold ATMs. The primary sales channel for our services is our direct sales teams, which exist across all geographies. Our services professionals provide these services directly to end customers. Competition In the financial services industry, we face a variety of competitors, including Diebold, Wincor Nixdorf GmbH & Co. (Wincor) and Hyosung, as well as many other regional firms, across all geographies. The primary factors of competition can vary, but typically include: value and quality of the solutions or products; total cost of ownership; industry knowledge of the vendor; the vendor’s ability to provide and support a total end-to-end solution; the vendor’s ability to integrate new and existing systems; fit of the vendor’s strategic vision with the customer’s strategic direction; and quality of the vendor’s support and consulting services. We face a variety of competitors in the retail and hospitality industries across all geographies. We believe that key competitive factors can vary by geographic area but typically include: value and quality of the solutions or products; total cost of ownership; industry knowledge of the vendor; and knowledge, experience and quality of the vendor’s consulting, deployment and support services. Our competitors vary by market segment, product, service offering and geographic area, and include ToshibaTec, Wincor, Fujitsu, Hewlett- Packard, Dell, Honeywell, Oracle, Verifone and Datalogic, among others. We face a diverse group of competitors in the travel industry. Competitors in the travel industry include IBM, SITA and IER, among others. We face competition for services from other technology and service providers, as well as from independent service operators, in all geographies where we operate around the world. The primary services competitors are the companies identified in the descriptions of our other solutions as global technology providers are becoming more focused on services as a core business strategy. We also compete with a range of regional and local independent service operators across our various geographies. Competition for printer consumables is significant and varies by geographic area and product group. The primary areas of competitive differentiation typically include: quality; logistics and supply chain management; and total cost of ownership. While price is always a factor, we focus on the customer’s total cost of ownership for our consumables products. Total cost of ownership takes into account not only the per-unit cost, but also service, usage, reporting and support costs. Our competitors include, among others, RiteMade Paper and Schades. We face competition in the financial services industry for imaging solutions across all geographies. The primary areas of competition can vary, but typically include: quality of the solutions or products; total cost of ownership; industry knowledge; the vendor’s ability to provide and support a total end-to-end solution; the vendor’s ability to integrate new and existing systems; fit of the vendor’s strategic vision with the customer’s strategic direction; and quality of the vendor’s support and consulting services. Our competitors vary by product, service offering and geographic area, and include Fidelity National Information Services and Unisys Corporation, among others. 3 Table of Contents Research and Development We remain focused on designing and developing solutions and services that anticipate our customers’ changing technological needs as well as consumer preferences. Our expenses for research and development were $263 million in 2014, $203 million in 2013, and $155 million in 2012. We anticipate that we will continue to have significant research and development expenditures in the future in order to provide a continuing flow of innovative, high-quality products and services and to help maintain and enhance our competitive position. Information regarding the accounting and costs included in research and development activities is included in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report and is incorporated herein by reference. Patents and Trademarks NCR seeks patent protection for its innovations, including improvements associated with its products, services, and developments, where such protection is likely to provide value to NCR. NCR owns approximately 1,450 patents in the U.S. and numerous other patents in foreign countries. The foreign patents are generally counterparts of NCR’s U.S. patents. Many of the patents owned by NCR are licensed to others, and NCR is licensed under certain patents owned by others. NCR has active patent licensing programs. NCR also has numerous patent applications pending in the U.S. and in foreign countries. NCR’s portfolio of patents and patent applications, in the aggregate, is of significant value to NCR. NCR has registered certain trademarks and service marks in the U.S. and in a number of foreign countries. NCR considers the “NCR” and NCR logo marks and many of its other trademarks and service marks to be valuable assets. Seasonality Our sales are historically seasonal, with lower revenue in the first quarter and higher revenue in the fourth quarter of each year. Such seasonality also causes our working capital cash flow requirements to vary from quarter to quarter depending on variability in the volume, timing and mix of product sales. In addition, revenue in the third month of each quarter is typically higher than in the first and second months. Information regarding seasonality and its potential impact on our business is included in Item 1A of this Report under the caption, “Operating Results Fluctuations,” and is incorporated herein by reference. Manufacturing and Raw Materials In most cases, there are a number of vendors providing the services and producing the parts and components that we utilize. However, there are some services and components that are purchased from single sources due to price, quality, technology or other reasons. For example, we depend on computer chips and microprocessors from Intel and operating systems from Microsoft. Certain parts and components used in the manufacturing of our ATMs and the delivery of many of our retail solutions are also supplied by single sources. In addition, there are a number of key suppliers for our businesses who provide us with critical products for our solutions. At December 31, 2014, we manufactured our ATMs in facilities located in Columbus, Georgia, USA; Manaus, Brazil; Budapest, Hungary; Beijing, China; and Puducherry, India. Our self-checkout solutions are manufactured in facilities located in Columbus, Georgia, USA and Budapest, Hungary. Our financial kiosk solutions are manufactured in facilities located in Beijing, China; Manaus, Brazil; and Columbus, Georgia, USA. Our POS/Display terminals are manufactured in facilities located in Columbus, Georgia, USA; Beijing, China; and Adelaide, Australia, and certain hand-held solutions are manufactured in Salzburg, Austria. NCR outsources the manufacturing in all geographic regions of its payment solutions, some POS/Display terminals, printers, bar code scanners and various other kiosks. Further information regarding the potential impact of these relationships on our business operations, and regarding sources and availability of raw materials, is also included in Item 1A of this Report under the caption “Reliance on Third Parties,” and is incorporated herein by reference. Product Backlog Our backlog was approximately $1,101 million and $1,172 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The backlog includes orders confirmed for products scheduled to be shipped as well as certain professional and transaction services to be provided. Although we believe that the orders included in the backlog are firm, some orders may be cancelled by the customer without penalty. Even when penalties for cancellation are provided for in a customer contract, we may elect to permit cancellation of orders without penalty where management believes it is in our best interests to do so. Further, we have a significant portion of revenues derived from our growing service-based business as well as the acquired Digital Insight and Retalix businesses and our consumables business, for which backlog information is not measured. Therefore, we do not believe that our backlog, as of any particular date, is necessarily indicative of revenues for any future period. 4 Table of Contents Employees On December 31, 2014, NCR had approximately 30,200 employees and contractors. Environmental Matters Compliance with federal, state, and local environmental regulations relating to the protection of the environment could have a material adverse impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. While NCR does not currently expect to incur material capital expenditures related to compliance with such laws and regulations, and while we believe the amounts provided in our Consolidated Financial Statements are adequate in light of the probable and estimable liabilities in this area, there can be no assurances that environmental matters will not lead to a material adverse impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. A detailed discussion of the current estimated impacts of compliance issues relating to environmental regulations, particularly the Fox River and Kalamazoo River matters, is reported in Item 8 of Part II of this Report as part of Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated herein by reference. Further information regarding the potential impact of compliance with federal, state, and local environmental regulations is also included in Item 1A of this Report under the caption “Environmental,” and is incorporated herein by reference. Executive Officers of the Registrant The Executive Officers of NCR (as of February 27, 2015) are as follows: Name William R. Nuti Michael B. Bayer Robert P. Fishman Andrew S. Heyman Andrea L. Ledford Frederick ("Rick") Marquardt Age Position and Offices Held 51 51 51 51 49 56 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President Senior Vice President and President, Retail Solutions Division Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Senior Vice President and President, Financial Services Division Senior Vice President, Corporate Services and Chief Human Resources Officer Executive Vice President, Hardware Solutions, Services & Enterprise Quality Set forth below is a description of the background of each of the Executive Officers. William R. Nuti, is NCR's Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President. Mr. Nuti became Chairman of the Board on October 1, 2007. Before joining NCR in August 2005, Mr. Nuti served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Symbol Technologies, Inc., an information technology company. Prior to that, he was Chief Operating Officer of Symbol Technologies. Mr. Nuti joined Symbol Technologies in 2002 following a 10 plus year career at Cisco Systems, Inc. where he advanced to the dual role of Senior Vice President of the company's Worldwide Service Provider Operations and U.S. Theater Operations. Prior to his Cisco experience, Mr. Nuti held sales and management positions at International Business Machines Corporation, Netrix Corporation and Network Equipment Technologies. Mr. Nuti is also a director of Coach, Inc., where he is a member of its Audit, Human Resources, and Governance & Nominating Committees, and United Continental Holdings, Inc. where he is a member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Nuti previously served as a director of Sprint Nextel Corporation. He is also a member of the Georgia Institute of Technology advisory board and a trustee of Long Island University. Mr. Nuti became a director of NCR on August 7, 2005. Michael B. Bayer joined NCR as Senior Vice President and President, Retail Solutions Division in July 2014. Prior to joining NCR, Mr. Bayer has held leadership roles at companies such as Motorola, Symbol Technologies and Cisco Systems, and most recently as President of Global Growth Markets for Avaya, a global provider of business communications, and collaboration systems. Prior to this, Bayer served as Avaya's EMEA President, where he led the region's sales and operations and worked with customers to deliver Unified Communications, IP Telephony and Contact Center solutions across EMEA. Mr. Bayer holds a Master's Degree in electronics and telecommunications from Fachhochschule Wiirzburg Schweinfurt in Germany. Robert P. Fishman became Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in March 2010. Prior to assuming this position, he was Interim Chief Financial Officer from October 2009 to March 2010. Prior to that position, he was Vice President and Corporate Controller from January 2007 to October 2009. From September 2005 to January 2007, Mr. Fishman was Assistant Controller and from January 2005 to September 2005, he was Director, Corporate Planning. Mr. Fishman joined NCR in 1993. Andrew S. Heyman joined NCR as part of the Radiant Systems, Inc. (Radiant) acquisition in August 2011, when he assumed the position of Senior Vice President and General Manager, Hospitality. Mr. Heyman served in that role until January 2013, when he became Senior 5 Table of Contents Vice President and President, Financial Services. Mr. Heyman previously held a variety of key leadership positions at Radiant, including chief operating officer and president of the hospitality division across fifteen years with Radiant. Mr. Heyman served as a senior manager with Accenture (formerly Andersen Consulting) from 1987 to December 1995. Mr. Heyman holds an M.S. degree in computer information systems from Georgia State University and a B.B.A. in finance from the University of Georgia. Andrea L. Ledford became Senior Vice President, Corporate Services and Chief Human Resources Officer in November 2013. Previously, Ms. Ledford was Senior Vice President, Human Resources. Ms. Ledford also served as Interim Senior Vice President, Human Resources from February 2007 to June 2007. Prior to assuming this position, she was Vice President, Human Resources, Asia/ Pacific, and Europe, Middle East and Africa, from February 2006 to February 2007. Before joining NCR in February 2006, Ms. Ledford was EMEA Leader, Human Resources, at Symbol Technologies, Inc. from 2002 to February 2006 and held a variety of leadership roles at Cisco Systems, Inc. in EMEA, Asia/Pacific and Latin America. Frederick ("Rick") Marquardt is NCR’s Executive Vice President, Services, Hardware Solutions and Enterprise Quality, a role he assumed in April 2014. Mr. Marquardt joined NCR in 2006, and has held a variety of roles at the company including Senior Vice President of Integrated Supply Chain from September 2013 to April 2014; Senior Vice President of Global Operations; Vice President of Manufacturing for NCR; and, Vice President of Global Operations for NCR's Financial Industry Business Unit (now the Financial Services division). Prior to joining NCR, Mr. Marquardt worked for Motorola Corporation, where he held several leadership positions in operations and manufacturing. Available Information NCR makes available through its website at http://investor.ncr.com, free of charge, its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, definitive proxy statements on Schedule 14A and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to such reports and schedules, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are electronically filed or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The SEC website (www.sec.gov) contains the reports, proxy statements and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Also, the public may read and copy any materials that NCR files with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. NCR will furnish, without charge to a security holder upon written request, the Notice of Meeting and Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the 2015 Proxy Statement), portions of which are incorporated herein by reference. NCR also will furnish its Code of Conduct at no cost and any other exhibit at cost. Document requests are available by calling or writing to: NCR—Investor Relations 3097 Satellite Boulevard Duluth, GA 30096 Phone: 800-255-5627 E-Mail: investor.relations@ncr.com Website: http://investor.ncr.com NCR's website, www.ncr.com, contains a significant amount of information about NCR, including financial and other information for investors. NCR encourages investors to visit its website regularly, as information may be updated and new information may be posted at any time. The contents of NCR's website are not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K and shall not be deemed “filed” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 6 Table of Contents Item 1A. RISK FACTORS The risks and uncertainties described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections, and could cause the market value of our stock to decline. You should consider these risk factors when reading the rest of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document. These risk factors may not include all of the important factors that could affect our business or our industry or that could cause our future financial results to differ materially from historic or expected results or cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate or decline. Economic Pressures. Our business may be negatively affected by domestic and global economic and credit conditions. Our business is sensitive to the strength of domestic and global economic and credit conditions, particularly as they affect the financial services, retail and hospitality sectors of the economy in various parts of the world. Economic and credit conditions are influenced by a number of factors, including consumer confidence, unemployment levels, interest rates and the effects of government actions to address sovereign debt issues, improve global credit markets and generally stimulate economic growth. Sovereign debt crises in Europe and elsewhere, slower growth in the emerging markets, and the uneven global economic recovery, among other things, have created a challenging and unpredictable environment in which to market the products and services of our various businesses across different geographies and industries. A negative economic climate could create financial pressures that impact the ability or willingness of our customers to make capital expenditures, thereby affecting their decision to purchase or roll out our products or services or, especially with respect to smaller customers, to pay accounts receivable owed to NCR. Additionally, if customers respond to a negative economic climate by consolidation, such as has occurred in the financial services sector in the recent past and, more recently, in the retail sector, it could reduce our base of potential customers. Negative global economic conditions also may have a material effect on our customers’ ability to obtain financing for the purchase of our products and services from third party financing companies, which could adversely affect our operating results. Indebtedness. Our substantial level of indebtedness could limit our financial and operating activities and adversely affect our ability to incur additional debt to fund future needs. At December 31, 2014, we had approximately $3,659 million of total indebtedness outstanding. Additionally, at December 31, 2014, we had approximately $850 million of secured debt available for borrowing under our senior secured credit facility, and approximately $104 million of secured debt available for borrowing under our trade receivables securitization facility. This level of indebtedness could: • require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to the payment of principal and interest, thereby reducing the funds available for operations and future business opportunities; • make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our outstanding senior unsecured notes, including our change in control repurchase obligations; • • • limit our ability to borrow additional money if needed for other purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes, on satisfactory terms or at all; limit our ability to adjust to changing economic, business and competitive conditions; place us at a competitive disadvantage with competitors who may have less indebtedness or greater access to financing; • make us more vulnerable to an increase in interest rates, a downturn in our operating performance or a decline in general economic conditions; and • make us more susceptible to adverse changes in credit ratings, which could impact our ability to obtain financing in the future and increase the cost of such financing. If compliance with our debt obligations, materially limits our financial or operating activities, or hinders our ability to adapt to changing industry conditions, we may lose market share, our revenue may decline and our operating results may be negatively affected. The terms of the documents governing our indebtedness include financial and other covenants that could restrict or limit our financial and business operations. Our senior secured credit facility and the indentures for our senior unsecured notes include 7 Table of Contents restrictive covenants that, subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, restrict or limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things: • • • incur additional indebtedness; create liens on, sell or otherwise dispose of, our assets; engage in certain fundamental corporate changes or changes to our business activities; • make certain material acquisitions; • • • • • engage in sale-leaseback or hedging transactions; repurchase our common stock, pay dividends or make similar distributions on our capital stock; repay certain indebtedness; engage in certain affiliate transactions; and enter into agreements that restrict our ability to create liens, pay dividends or make loan repayments. The senior secured credit facility and the indentures also contain certain affirmative covenants, and the senior secured credit facility requires us to comply with financial coverage ratios regarding both our interest expense and our debt relative to our Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the senior secured credit facility). These covenants and restrictions could affect our ability to operate our business, and may limit our ability to react to market conditions or take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. Additionally, our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, including general economic and credit conditions and industry downturns. In addition, under our trade receivables securitization facility, we are required, among other things, to maintain certain financial tests relating to the three month rolling average ratio of defaults, delinquencies, dilution and days sales outstanding of the receivables pool (as such ratios and tests are described in the agreement governing our trade receivables securitization facility). If we fail to comply with these covenants and are unable to obtain a waiver or amendment from the applicable lenders, an event of default would result under these agreements and under other agreements containing related cross-default provisions. Upon an event of default under the senior secured credit facility, the lenders could, among other things, declare outstanding amounts due and payable, refuse to lend additional amounts to us, and require deposit of cash collateral in respect of outstanding letters of credit. If we were unable to repay or pay the amounts due, the lenders could, among other things, proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure such indebtedness, which includes certain of our domestic assets and the equity interests of certain of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries. Upon an event of default under the indentures, the trustee or holders of our senior unsecured notes could declare all outstanding amounts immediately due and payable. Upon an event of default under our trade receivables securitization facility, the lenders could, among other things, terminate the facility, declare all capital and other obligations to be immediately due and payable, replace us as servicer, take over receivables lock-box accounts and redirect the collections of domestic accounts receivable from those accounts, and exercise available rights against the domestic accounts receivable pledged by NCR Receivables, LLC. Our cash flows may not be sufficient to service our indebtedness, and if we are unable to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, we may be required to seek other financing alternatives, which may not be successful. Our ability to make timely payments of principal and interest on our debt obligations depends on our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations, which is subject to general economic conditions, competitive pressures and certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to make these payments, we may be required to seek additional financing sources, reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets or operations or refinance our indebtedness. These actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may not be able to take any of these actions, and, even if successful, these actions may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. Our ability to restructure or refinance our outstanding indebtedness will depend on, among other things, the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. There can be no assurance that we will be able to restructure or refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and the outstanding principal and interest on our debt could be declared to be due and payable, in which case we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation or required to substantially restructure or alter our business operations or debt obligations. Despite our current levels of debt, we may still incur substantially more debt, including secured debt, and similar liabilities, which would increase the risks described herein. The agreements relating to our debt limit but do not prohibit our ability to incur additional 8 Table of Contents debt, and the amount of debt that we could incur could be substantial. In addition, certain types of liabilities are not considered “Indebtedness” under our senior secured credit facility or the indentures governing our senior unsecured notes, and the senior secured credit facility and indentures do not impose any limitation on the amount of liabilities incurred by the subsidiaries, if any, that might be designated as “unrestricted subsidiaries” (as defined in the indentures). Accordingly, we could incur significant additional debt or similar liabilities in the future, including additional debt under our senior secured credit facility, some of which could constitute secured debt. In addition, if we form or acquire any subsidiaries in the future, those subsidiaries also could incur debt or similar liabilities. If new debt or similar liabilities are added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face could increase. Borrowings under our senior secured credit facility and trade receivables securitization facility bear interest at a variable rate, which subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly. All of our borrowings under our senior secured credit facility and trade receivables securitization facility are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on this variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same. We are party to an interest rate swap agreement that fixes the interest rate, based on LIBOR, on a portion of our LIBOR-indexed floating rate borrowings under our senior secured credit facility through August 22, 2016, with a notional amount of $462 million as of December 31, 2014 that amortizes to $341 million over the term of the agreement. Although we may enter into additional interest rate swaps to reduce interest rate volatility, we cannot provide assurances that we will be able to do so or that such swaps will be effective. We may also enter into interest rate swaps in the future in connection with other of our variable rate borrowings. This would expose us to interest rate risk, which could increase our debt service obligations. We may not be able to raise the funds necessary to finance a required change in control purchase of our senior unsecured notes. Upon the occurrence of a change in control under the applicable indenture governing the applicable senior unsecured notes, holders of those notes may require us to purchase their notes. However, it is possible that we would not have sufficient funds at that time to make the required purchase of notes. We cannot assure the holders of the senior unsecured notes that we will have sufficient financial resources, or will be able to arrange financing, to pay the repurchase price in cash with respect to any such notes tendered by holders for repurchase upon a change in control. Our failure to repurchase the senior unsecured notes of a series when required would result in an event of default with respect to such notes which could, in turn, constitute a default under the terms of our other indebtedness, if any. In addition, a change in control may constitute an event of default under our senior secured credit facility and our trade receivables securitization facility that would permit the lenders to accelerate the maturity of the borrowings thereunder and would require us to make a similar change in control offer to holders of our existing senior unsecured notes. Certain important corporate events, such as leveraged recapitalizations that would increase the level of our indebtedness, may not constitute a change in control under the indentures governing our secured notes. A lowering or withdrawal of the ratings assigned to our debt securities by rating agencies may increase our future borrowing costs and reduce our access to capital. Any rating assigned to our debt could be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency if, in that rating agency’s judgment, future circumstances relating to the basis of the rating, such as adverse changes, so warrant. Any future lowering of our ratings likely would make it more difficult or more expensive for us to obtain additional debt financing. Operating Results Fluctuations. Our revenue, operating results, and margins could fluctuate for a number of reasons, including those described below: Manufacturing. At December 31, 2014, we manufactured advanced ATMs in facilities located in Columbus, Georgia, USA; Manaus, Brazil; Budapest, Hungary; Beijing, China; and Puducherry, India. Our self-checkout solutions are manufactured in facilities located in Columbus, Georgia, USA and Budapest, Hungary. Our financial kiosk solutions are manufactured in facilities located in Beijing, China; Manaus, Brazil; and Columbus, Georgia, USA. Our POS/Display terminals are manufactured in facilities located in Columbus, Georgia, USA; Beijing, China; and Adelaide, Australia, and certain hand-held solutions are manufactured in Salzburg, Austria. If we develop or experience problems relating to product quality or on-time delivery to customers that we are unable to quickly manage and resolve, whether due to the geographical diversity of our manufacturing base or otherwise, we could experience business interruption that could negatively impact our business and operating results. Seasonality. Our sales are historically seasonal, with lower revenue in the first quarter and higher revenue in the fourth quarter of each year. Such seasonality also causes our working capital cash flow requirements to vary from quarter to quarter depending on the variability in the volume, timing and mix of product sales. In addition, revenue in the third month of each quarter is typically higher than in the first and second months, particularly as our business model shifts to include more software and cloud solutions. 9 Table of Contents These factors, among other things, may adversely affect our ability to manage working capital, make our forecasting process more difficult and impact our ability to predict financial results accurately. Foreign Currency. Our revenue and operating income are subject to variability due to the effects of foreign currency fluctuations against the U.S. Dollar. We have exposure to approximately 50 functional currencies. We endeavor to mitigate the effects of currency fluctuations by our hedging strategy; however, certain significant currency fluctuations could adversely affect our results of operations, including sales and gross margins. Cost/Expense Reductions. Our success in achieving targeted cost and expense reductions through our continuous improvement and other similar programs depends on a number of factors, including our ability to achieve infrastructure rationalizations, drive lower component and product development costs, improve supply chain efficiencies and optimize the efficiency of our customer services and professional services consulting resources. If we do not successfully execute on our cost and expense reduction initiatives or if we experience delays in completing the implementation of these initiatives, our results of operations or financial condition could be adversely affected. Contractual Obligations for Professional Services. Our contracts for professional services consulting work may contemplate that services will be performed over multiple periods, especially in connection with large solution roll-outs. Our profitability under those contracts is largely a function of performing our contractual obligations within the estimated costs and time periods specified. If we exceed these estimated costs or cannot otherwise complete the contracted services within the specified periods, our profitability related to these contracts could be negatively impacted. In addition, if we are unable to maintain appropriate utilization rates for our consultants, we may not be able to sustain profitability on these contracts. Acquisitions, Divestitures and Alliances. As we selectively acquire and divest technologies, products and businesses and we begin to include or exclude, as the case may be, the financial results related to these transactions, our operating results could fluctuate materially, depending on the size, nature, structure and timing of the transactions. Underfunded Pension Obligation. At December 31, 2014, our obligation for benefits under our pension plans was $4,377 million and our pension plan assets totaled $4,209 million, which resulted in an underfunded pension obligation of $168 million. While we recently rebalanced our U.S. and international plan assets in order to reduce volatility and made several discretionary contributions to our pension plans, our remaining underfunded pension obligation continues to require ongoing cash contributions. Our underfunded pension obligation also may be affected by future transfers and settlements relating to our international pension plans. For example, as of December 31, 2014, the U.K. London pension plan was overfunded by approximately $420 million. The plan is expected to fully transfer to an insurer in 2015 or early 2016 resulting in an increase in the underfunded pension obligation by approximately $420 million in the period of settlement. In addition, certain of the plan assets remain subject to financial market risk, and our actuarial and other assumptions underlying our expected future benefit payments, long-term expected rate of return and future funding expectations for our plans depend on, among other things, interest rate levels and trends and capital market expectations. Further volatility in the performance of financial markets, changes in any of these actuarial assumptions (including those described in our “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of the “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Item 7 of Part II of this Report) or changes in regulations regarding funding requirements could require material increases to our expected cash contributions to our pension plans in future years. See the “Effects of Pension, Postemployment and Postretirement Benefit Plans” and “Financial Condition, Liquidity And Capital Resources” sections of the “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Item 7 of Part II of this Report and Note 9, “Employee Benefit Plans” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for further information regarding the funded status of our pension plans and potential future cash contributions. Stock-based Compensation. Similar to other companies, we use stock awards as a form of compensation for certain employees and non-employee directors. All stock-based awards are required to be recognized in our financial statements based on their fair values. The amount recognized for stock compensation expense could vary depending on a number of assumptions or changes that may occur. For example, assumptions such as the risk-free rate, expected holding period and expected volatility that drive our valuation model could change. Other examples that could have an impact include changes in the mix and type of awards, changes in our compensation plans or tax rate, changes in our forfeiture rate, differences in actual results compared to management’s estimates for performance-based awards or an unusually high amount of expirations of stock awards. 10 Table of Contents Income Taxes. We are subject to income taxes in the United States and a number of foreign jurisdictions. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Our deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances, totaled approximately $969 million and $804 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and establish a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. If we are unable to generate sufficient future taxable income, if there is a material change in the actual effective tax rates, if there is a change to the time period within which the underlying temporary differences become taxable or deductible, then we could be required to increase our valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, which could result in a material increase in our effective tax rate. In addition, changes in tax laws or tax rulings could materially affect our financial position and results of operations. Certain changes to U.S. tax laws, including limitations on the ability to defer U.S. taxation on earnings outside of the United States until those earnings are repatriated to the United States, could affect the tax treatment of our foreign earnings. Additionally, many countries in the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, are actively considering changes to existing tax laws. Certain proposals could include recommendations that could increase our tax obligations in many countries where we do business. Due to the large and expanding scale of our international business activities, any changes in the taxation of such activities may result in a material increase our effective tax rate. We are also subject to ongoing tax audits in various jurisdictions both in the U.S. and internationally, the outcomes of which could result in the assessment of additional taxes. Our effective tax rate in the future could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, the changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws and regulations, and management’s assessment in regards to repatriation of earnings. Competition. If we do not compete effectively within the technology industry, we will not be successful. We operate in the intensely competitive information technology industry. This industry is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions, price and cost reductions, and increasingly greater commoditization of products, making differentiation difficult. Our competitors include other large companies in the information technology industry, such as: IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Diebold, Wincor, Hyosung, ToshibaTec, Micros, Fujitsu and Unisys, some of which have more financial and technical resources, or more widespread distribution and market penetration for their platforms and service offerings, than we do. In addition, we compete with companies in specific industry segments, such as entry-level ATMs, imaging solutions, and business consumables and media products. Our future competitive performance and market position depend on a number of factors, including our ability to: • • • • • • • • react to competitive product and pricing pressures; penetrate and meet the changing competitive requirements and deliverables in developing and emerging markets, such as India, China, Brazil and Russia; exploit opportunities in emerging vertical markets, such as travel and telecommunications and technology; cross-sell additional products and services to our existing customer base, including customers gained from our recent acquisitions; rapidly and continually design, develop and market, or otherwise maintain and introduce innovative solutions and related products and services for our customers that are competitive in the marketplace; react on a timely basis to shifts in market demands; compete in reverse auctions for new and continuing business; reduce costs without creating operating inefficiencies or impairing product or service quality; • maintain competitive operating margins; • • improve product and service delivery quality; and effectively market and sell all of our diverse solutions. Our business and operating performance also could be impacted by external competitive pressures, such as increasing price erosion and the entry of new competitors into our existing product and geographic markets. In addition, our customers sometimes finance our product sales through third-party financing companies, and in the case of customer default, these financing companies may be forced to resell this equipment at discounted prices, competing with NCR and impacting our ability to sell incremental units. The impact of these product and pricing pressures could include lower customer satisfaction, decreased demand for our solutions, loss of market share and reduction of operating profits. 11 Table of Contents Business Model. If we are unsuccessful in transforming our business model, our operating results could be negatively impacted. In recent years, we have begun to shift our business model to focus increasingly on sales of higher margin software and cloud solutions, and professional, managed and other services. Our ability to successfully grow our software and services businesses depends on a number of different factors, among others, including market acceptance of our software and cloud solutions; integrating, developing and supporting software gained through recent acquisitions; enabling our sales force to use a consultative selling model that better incorporates our comprehensive and new solutions; expanding our services capabilities and geographic coverage; and managing professional services and other costs associated with large solution roll-outs. In addition, development of these businesses may require increased capital and research and development expenses and resource allocation, and while we will seek to have the right level of investment and the right level of resources focused on these opportunities, these costs may reduce our gross margins and the return on these investments may be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect. In addition, we are pursuing initiatives to expand our customer base by increasing our use of an indirect sales channel, and by developing, marketing and selling solutions aimed at the small- to medium-business market. It is not yet certain whether these initiatives will yield the anticipated benefits, or whether our solutions will be compelling and attractive to small- and medium- sized businesses. If we are not successful in growing our software and services businesses and expanding our customer base at the rate that we anticipate, we may not meet our growth and gross margin projections or expectations, and operating results could be negatively impacted. Product Defects and Errors. Defects, errors, installation difficulties or development delays could expose us to potential liability, harm our reputation and negatively impact our business. Many of our products are sophisticated and complex, and despite testing and quality control, we cannot be certain that defects or errors will not be found in current versions or new versions of our products. If our products contain undetected defects or errors, or otherwise fail to meet our customers’ expectations, we could face the loss of customers and additional development costs. If defects or errors delay product installation or make it more difficult, we could experience delays in customer acceptance, or if our products require significant amounts of customer support, it could result in incremental costs to NCR. In addition, our customers may license and deploy our software in both standard and non-standard configurations in different environments with different computer platforms, system management software and equipment and networking configurations, which may increase the likelihood of technical difficulties. Our products may be integrated with other components or software, and, in the event that there are defects or errors, it may be difficult to determine the origin of such defects or errors. Additionally, damage to or failure of any significant aspect of our cloud hosting facilities could interrupt the availability of our cloud offerings, which could cause disruption for our customers and expose us to liability. If any of these risks materialize, they could result in additional costs and expenses, exposure to liability claims, diversion of technical and other resources to engage in remediation efforts, loss of customers or negative publicity, each of which could impact our business and operating results. Multinational Operations. Our multinational operations, including our expansion into new and emerging markets, expose us to business and legal risks. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the percentage of our revenues from outside of the United States was 59% and 61%, respectively, and we expect our percentage of revenues generated outside the United States to continue to be significant. In addition, we continue to seek to further penetrate existing international markets, and to identify opportunities to enter into or expand our presence in developing and emerging markets, including Brazil, Russia, China, India, Africa, and the Middle East, among others. While we believe that our geographic diversity may help to mitigate some risks associated with geographic concentrations of operations , our ability to manufacture and sell our solutions internationally, including in new and emerging markets, is subject to risks, which include, among others: • • • • • • • • • the impact of ongoing and future sovereign debt, economic and credit conditions on the stability of national and regional economies and industries within those economies; political conditions and local regulations that could adversely affect demand for our solutions, or our ability to access funds and resources, or our ability to sell products in these markets; the impact of a downturn in the global economy, or in regional economies, on demand for our products; currency exchange rate fluctuations that could result in lower demand for our products as well as generate currency translation losses; changes to and compliance with a variety of laws and regulations that may increase our cost of doing business or otherwise prevent us from effectively competing internationally; government uncertainty, including as a result of new, or changes to, laws and regulations; the institution of, or changes to, trade protection measures, currency restrictions, and import or export licensing requirements; the successful implementation and use of systems, procedures and controls to monitor our operations in foreign markets; changing competitive requirements and deliverables in developing and emerging markets; • work stoppages and other labor conditions or issues; 12 Table of Contents • • disruptions in transportation and shipping infrastructure; and the impact of civil unrest relating to war and terrorist activity on the economy or markets in general, or on our ability, or that of our suppliers, to meet commitments. In addition, as a result of our revenues generated outside of the United States, the amount of cash and cash equivalents that is held by our foreign subsidiaries continues to be significant. If these cash and cash equivalents are distributed to the United States, whether in the form of dividends or otherwise, we may be subject to additional U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Any such taxes would reduce the amount of such cash and cash equivalents that are available for our use. Data Privacy and Security. Cybersecurity and data privacy issues could negatively impact our business. We collect, use and store personal information of our customers and their personnel in connection with certain of our service offerings, including our various cloud and other hosted solutions. We also may have access to personal information of our customers’ customers in the course of servicing our products or third party products. Additionally, we collect, use and store personal information of our employees and of contractor personnel in the ordinary course of business. While we use commercially available security technologies to safeguard this personal data and implement access controls to limit the risk of unauthorized use or disclosure by employees and contractors, a breach of these security measures could result in unauthorized access to, or disclosure of, personal data, resulting in claims, costs and reputational harm that could materially and adversely affect our operating results. Further, a security breach could also affect the availability of certain of our hosted solutions, negatively impacting our customers, which could result in financial penalties and reputational harm that could materially and adversely affect our business. We may also detect, or may receive notice from third parties (including governmental agencies) regarding potential vulnerabilities in our information technology systems, our products, or third party products used in conjunction with our products. Even if these potential vulnerabilities do not result in a data breach, their existence can adversely affect customer confidence and our reputation in the marketplace. To the extent such vulnerabilities require remediation, such remedial measures could require significant resources and may not be implemented before such vulnerabilities are exploited. Environmental. Our historical and ongoing manufacturing activities subject us to environmental exposures. Our facilities and operations are subject to a wide range of environmental protection laws, and we have investigatory and remedial activities underway at a number of facilities that we currently own or operate, or formerly owned or operated, to comply, or to determine compliance, with such laws. In addition, our products are subject to environmental laws in a number of jurisdictions. Given the uncertainties inherent in such activities, there can be no assurances that the costs required to comply with applicable environmental laws will not impact future operating results. We have also been identified as a potentially responsible party in connection with certain environmental matters, including the Fox River and Kalamazoo River matters, as further described in Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report; in “Environmental Matters” within Item 1 of Part I of this Report; and in “Environmental and Legal Contingencies” within the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Item 7 of Part II of this Report, and we incorporate such disclosures by reference and make them a part of this discussion of risk factors. Acquisitions, Divestitures and Alliances. If we do not successfully integrate acquisitions or effectively manage alliance activities, we may not drive future growth. As part of our overall solutions strategy, we have made, and intend to continue to make, investments in companies, products, services and technologies, either through acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or strategic alliances. Acquisitions and alliance activities inherently involve risks. The risks we may encounter include those associated with: • • • assimilating and integrating different business operations, corporate cultures, personnel, infrastructures (such as data centers) and technologies or products acquired or licensed; the potential for unknown liabilities within the acquired or combined business; and the possibility of conflict with joint venture or alliance partners regarding strategic direction, prioritization of objectives and goals, governance matters or operations. Further, we may make acquisitions and investments in order to acquire or obtain access to new technology or products that expand our offerings. There is risk that the new technology or products may not perform as anticipated and may not meet estimated growth projections or expectations, or investment recipients may not successfully execute their business plans. There is also risk that key employees of an acquired business may not remain with the acquired business as long as expected. In the event that these risks materialize, we may not be able to fully realize the benefit of our investments, and our operating results could be adversely affected. An acquisition or alliance, and the integration of an acquired business, may also disrupt our ongoing business or we may not be able to successfully incorporate acquired products, services or technologies into our solutions and maintain quality. Further, we 13 Table of Contents may not achieve the projected synergies once we have integrated the business into our operations, which may lead to additional costs not anticipated at the time of acquisition. Circumstances associated with divestitures could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. We continue to evaluate the strategic fit of our businesses and products and may decide to sell a business or product based on such an evaluation. Despite a decision to divest a business or product, we may encounter difficulty in finding buyers or executing alternative exit strategies at acceptable prices and terms and in a timely manner. In addition, prospective buyers may have difficulty obtaining financing. Divestitures could involve additional risks, including: • • • • • difficulties in the separation of operations, services, products and personnel; the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns; the retention of certain current or future liabilities in order to induce a buyer to complete a divestiture; the disruption of our business; and the potential loss of key employees. We may not be successful in managing these or any other significant risks that we may encounter in divesting a business or product, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Introduction of New Solutions. If we do not swiftly and successfully develop and introduce new solutions in the competitive, rapidly changing environment in which we do business, our business results will be impacted. The development process for our solutions requires high levels of innovation from our product development teams and suppliers of the components embedded or incorporated in our solutions. In addition, certain of our solutions, including our cloud solutions, may require us to build or expand, and maintain, infrastructure (such as hosting centers) to support them. The development process also can be lengthy and costly, and requires us to commit a significant amount of resources to bring our business solutions to market. If we are unable to anticipate our customers’ needs and technological and industry trends accurately, or are otherwise unable to complete development efficiently, we would be unable to introduce new solutions into the market on a timely basis, if at all, and our business and operating results could be impacted. Likewise, we sometimes make assurances to customers regarding the operability and specifications of new technologies, and our results could be impacted if we are unable to deliver such technologies, or if such technologies do not perform as planned. Once we have developed new solutions, if we cannot successfully market and sell those solutions, our business and operating results could be impacted. Intellectual Property. Our continuing ability to be a leading technology and services solutions provider could be negatively affected if we do not protect intellectual property that drives innovation. It is critical to our continued development of leading technologies that we are able to protect and enhance our proprietary rights in our intellectual property through patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws. These efforts include protection of the products and the application, diagnostic and other software we develop. To the extent we are not successful in protecting our proprietary rights, our business could be adversely impacted. Also, many of our offerings rely on technologies developed by others, and if we are unable to continue to obtain licenses for such technologies, our business could be adversely impacted. From time to time, we receive notices from third parties regarding patent and other intellectual property claims. Whether such claims have merit, they may require significant resources to defend. If an infringement claim is successful and we are required to pay damages, or we are unable to license the infringed technology or to substitute similar non-infringing technology, our business could be adversely affected. Work Environment. Our restructuring plan and our continuous improvement, customer experience and cost reduction initiatives could negatively impact productivity and business results. In July 2014 we commenced a multi-year restructuring plan, and, in addition, as part of our ongoing efforts to optimize our cost structure, from time to time, we shift and realign our internal organizational structure and resources. These activities could temporarily result in reduced productivity levels. If we are not able to timely execute on these initiatives, or if the costs to complete these initiatives is higher than anticipated, our results of operations or financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition to these initiatives, we have initiatives to grow revenue, drive innovation and improve the experience of our customers. We typically have many such initiatives underway. If we are not successful in implementing and managing these various initiatives and minimizing any resulting loss in productivity, we may not be able to achieve targeted cost savings or productivity gains, and our business and operating results could be negatively impacted. In addition, we recently announced a plan to build a new world headquarters and the opening of a new manufacturing facility in India, and from time to time we may undertake similar projects with respect to our office, manufacturing or other facilities. Implementation of relocation plans such as these, could result in business disruption due to a lack of business continuity, which, among other things, could have a negative impact on our productivity and business and operating results. 14 Table of Contents If we do not attract and retain quality employees, we may not be able to meet our business objectives. Our employees are vital to our success, including the successful reinvention to a hardware-enabled, software driven business. Our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical, sales, consulting and other key personnel, including key personnel of acquired businesses, is critical, as these key employees are difficult to replace. If we are unable to attract or retain highly qualified employees by offering competitive compensation, secure work environments and leadership opportunities now and in the future, our business and operating results could be negatively impacted. Our ability to effectively manage our business could be negatively impacted if we do not invest in and maintain reliable technology infrastructure and information systems. It is periodically necessary to add to, replace, upgrade or modify our technology infrastructure and internal information systems. If we are unable to expand, replace, upgrade or modify such systems in a timely and cost-effective manner, especially in light of demands on our information technology resources, our ability to capture and process financial transactions and therefore, our financial condition, results of operations, or ability to comply with legal and regulatory reporting obligations, may be impacted. Reliance on Third Parties. If third-party suppliers upon which we rely are not able to fulfill our needs, our ability to bring our products to market in a timely fashion could be affected. In most cases, there are a number of vendors providing the services and producing the parts and components that we utilize in or in connection with our products. However, there are some services and components that are licensed or purchased from single sources due to price, quality, technology, functionality or other reasons. For example, we depend on transaction processing services from Accenture, computer chips and microprocessors from Intel and operating systems from Microsoft. Certain parts and components used in the manufacturing of our ATMs and the delivery of many of our retail solutions are also supplied by single sources. In addition, there are a number of key suppliers for our businesses that provide us with critical products for our solutions. If we were unable to secure the necessary services, including contract manufacturing, parts, software, components or products from a particular vendor, and we had to find an alternative supplier, our new and existing product shipments and solution deliveries, or the provision of contracted services, could be delayed, impacting our business and operating results. We have, from time to time, formed alliances with third parties that have complementary products, software, services and skills. These alliances represent many different types of relationships, such as outsourcing arrangements to manufacture hardware and subcontract agreements with third parties to perform services and provide products and software to our customers in connection with our solutions. For example, we rely on third parties for cash replenishment services for our ATM products. These alliances introduce risks that we cannot control, such as nonperformance by third parties and difficulties with or delays in integrating elements provided by third parties into our solutions. Lack of information technology infrastructure, shortages in business capitalization, and manual processes and data integrity issues of smaller suppliers can also create product time delays, inventory and invoicing problems, staging delays, as well as other operating issues. The failure of third parties to provide high-quality products or services that conform to required specifications or contractual arrangements could impair the delivery of our solutions on a timely basis, create exposure for non-compliance with our contractual commitments to our customers and impact our business and operating results. Also, some of these third parties have access to confidential NCR and customer data, the integrity and security of which are of significant importance to the Company. Internal Controls. If we do not maintain effective internal controls, accounting policies, practices, and information systems necessary to ensure reliable reporting of our results, our ability to comply with our legal obligations could be negatively affected. Our internal controls, accounting policies and practices, and internal information systems enable us to capture and process transactions in a timely and accurate manner in compliance with applicable accounting standards, laws and regulations, taxation requirements and federal securities laws and regulations. Our internal controls and policies are being closely monitored by management as we continue to implement a worldwide Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. While we believe these controls, policies, practices and systems are adequate to ensure data integrity, unanticipated and unauthorized actions of employees or contractors (both domestic and international), temporary lapses in internal controls due to shortfalls in transition planning and oversight, or resource constraints, could lead to improprieties and undetected errors that could impact our financial condition, results of operations, or compliance with legal obligations. Moreover, while management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014 (as set forth in “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” included in Item 9A of Part II of this Report), due to their inherent limitations, such controls may not prevent or detect misstatements in our reported financial statements. Such limitations include, among other things, the potential for human error or circumvention of controls. Further, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of a failure to remediate control deficiencies, changes in conditions or a deterioration of the degree of compliance with established policies and procedures. Sale of Entertainment. The sale of assets of our former entertainment business may expose us to certain post-closing liabilities. On February 3, 2012, we entered into an agreement to sell certain assets of our former entertainment business to Redbox Automated 15 Table of Contents Retail, LLC (Redbox). Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, as amended on June 22, 2012, and upon the terms and conditions thereof, on June 22, 2012, we completed the disposition of our entertainment business to Redbox for cash consideration of $100 million. We remain responsible for pre-closing liabilities of the entertainment business, and are subject to certain indemnification obligations in favor of Redbox for, among other things, breaches of representations, warranties and covenants under the purchase agreement. In addition, we may be subject to liabilities and obligations under and with respect to contracts and assets of the entertainment business that were not transferred to or assumed by Redbox. Contingencies. We face uncertainties with regard to regulations, lawsuits and other related matters. In the normal course of business, we are subject to proceedings, lawsuits, claims and other matters, including, for example, those that relate to the environment, health and safety, labor and employment, employee benefits, import/export compliance, intellectual property, data privacy and security, product liability, commercial disputes and regulatory compliance, among others. Because such matters are subject to many uncertainties, their outcomes are not predictable and we must make certain estimates and assumptions in our financial statements. While we believe that amounts provided in our Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to such matters are currently adequate in light of the probable and estimable liabilities, there can be no assurances that the amounts required to satisfy alleged liabilities from such matters will not impact future operating results. Additionally, we are subject to diverse and complex laws and regulations, including those relating to corporate governance, public disclosure and reporting, environmental safety and the discharge of materials into the environment, product safety, import and export compliance, data privacy and security, antitrust and competition, government contracting, anti-corruption, and labor and human resources, which are rapidly changing and subject to many possible changes in the future. Compliance with these laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards, taxation requirements, and federal securities laws among others, may create a substantial burden on us, and substantially increase costs to our organization or could have an impact on our future operating results. Additionally, doing business on a worldwide basis requires us and our subsidiaries to comply with the laws and regulations of the U.S. government and various international jurisdictions. For example, our international operations are subject to U.S. and foreign anti-corruption laws and regulations, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which generally prohibits U.S. companies or agents acting on behalf of such companies from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business. Our international operations are also subject to economic sanction programs administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). If we are not in compliance with such laws and regulations, we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, which may cause harm to our reputation and to our brand and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for information regarding our FCPA and OFAC investigations, which disclosures are incorporated by reference and made a part of this discussion of risk factors. Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. Item 2. PROPERTIES As of December 31, 2014, NCR operated 264 facilities consisting of approximately 6.2 million square feet in 62 countries throughout the world. On a square footage basis, 19% of these facilities are owned and 81% are leased. Within the total facility portfolio, NCR operates 27 research and development and manufacturing facilities totaling 1.6 million square feet, 69% of which is leased. The remaining 4.6 million square feet of space includes office, repair, and warehousing space and other miscellaneous sites, and is 85% leased. NCR also owns 5 land parcels totaling 3.7 million square feet in 2 countries. NCR is headquartered in Duluth, Georgia, USA. Our address at our corporate headquarters is 3097 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, Georgia, 30096, USA. Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Information regarding legal proceedings is included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report as part of Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 16 Table of Contents PART II Item 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information NCR common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trades under the symbol “NCR”. There were approximately 105,571 holders of NCR common stock as of February 10, 2015. The following table presents the high and low per share prices for NCR common stock for each quarter of 2014 and 2013 as reported on the NYSE. 1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter 2014 High 37.73 37.18 35.76 33.80 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2013 Low 31.71 1st quarter 28.64 2nd quarter 30.14 3rd quarter 22.83 4th quarter High Low $ $ $ $ 29.76 34.31 39.94 41.63 $ $ $ $ 25.74 25.64 32.79 31.38 Dividends Historically NCR has not paid cash dividends and does not anticipate the payment of cash dividends on NCR common stock in the immediate future. The declaration of dividends is restricted under our senior secured credit facility and the terms of the indentures for our senior unsecured notes, and would be further subject to the discretion of NCR’s Board of Directors. Stock Performance Graph The following graph compares the relative investment performance of NCR stock, the Standard & Poor’s MidCap 400 Stock Index, Standard & Poor’s 500 Information Technology Sector and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index. This graph covers the five-year period from December 31, 2009 through December 31, 2014. 17 Table of Contents Company / Index NCR Corporation S&P 500 Stock Index S&P 500 Information Technology Sector S&P MidCap 400 Stock Index 2010 $ 138 $ 115 $ 110 $ 127 2011 $ 148 $ 117 $ 113 $ 124 2012 $ 229 $ 136 $ 130 $ 147 2013 $ 306 $ 180 $ 166 $ 196 2014 $ 262 $ 205 $ 200 $ 215 (1) In each case, assumes a $100 investment on December 31, 2009, and reinvestment of all dividends, if any. Purchase of Company Common Stock In October 1999, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program that provided for the repurchase of up to $250 million of its common stock, with no expiration from the date of authorization. On October 31, 2007 and July 28, 2010, the Board authorized the repurchase of an additional $250 million and $210 million, respectively, under this share repurchase program. In December 2000, the Board approved a systematic share repurchase program, with no expiration from the date of authorization, to be funded by the proceeds from the purchase of shares under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the exercise of stock options, for the purpose of offsetting the dilutive effects of the employee stock purchase plan and outstanding options. As of December 31, 2014, approximately $179 million and $132 million remained available for further repurchases of the Company’s common stock under the 1999 and 2000 Board of Directors share repurchase programs, respectively. The Company's ability to repurchase its common stock is restricted under the Company's senior secured credit facility and terms of the indentures for the Company's senior unsecured notes. These agreements include certain prohibitions on share repurchases, including during the occurrence of an event of default. These agreements also establish limits on the amount that the Company is permitted to allocate to share repurchases and other restricted payments. The limitations are calculated using formulas based generally on 50% of the Company’s consolidated net income for the period beginning in the third quarter of 2012 through the end of the most recently ended fiscal quarter, subject to certain other adjustments and deductions, with certain prescribed minimums. These formulas are described in greater detail in the Company’s senior secured credit facility and the indentures for the Company’s senior unsecured notes, each of which is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. During the three months ended December 31, 2014, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. The Company occasionally purchases vested restricted stock shares at the current market price to cover withholding taxes. For the three months ended December 31, 2014, 22,967 shares of vested restricted stock were purchased at an average price of $30.31 per share. 18 Table of Contents Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA In millions, except per share and employee and contractor amounts For the years ended December 31 Continuing Operations (a) Revenue Income (loss) from operations Interest expense Income tax (benefit) expense Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to NCR common stockholders Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to NCR common stockholders: From continuing operations (a,b) From discontinued operations Total basic earnings (loss) per common share Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to NCR common stockholders: From continuing operations (a,b) From discontinued operations Total diluted earnings (loss) per common share Cash dividends per share As of December 31 Total assets Total debt Total NCR stockholders' equity Number of employees and contractors 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 6,591 $ 6,123 $ 5,730 $ 353 $ (181) $ (48) $ $ 666 (103) $ $ 98 $ 748 (42) $ $ 223 181 10 1.08 0.06 1.14 1.06 0.06 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1.12 $ — $ 452 $ (9) $ 475 6 2.73 $ (0.05) $ $ 2.68 2.67 $ (0.05) $ $ 2.62 2.98 0.04 3.02 2.90 0.04 2.94 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — $ — $ 5,291 $ (148) $ (13) $ (66) $ (97) $ (93) $ 4,711 298 (2) 5 277 (10) (0.61) $ (0.59) $ (1.20) $ 1.73 (0.06) 1.67 (0.61) $ (0.59) $ (1.20) $ — $ 1.72 (0.06) 1.66 — 8,607 3,659 1,871 $ $ $ 8,108 3,354 1,769 $ $ $ 6,369 1,963 1,252 $ $ $ 5,604 853 718 $ $ $ 4,361 11 883 30,200 29,300 25,700 23,500 21,000 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (a) Continuing operations excludes the costs and insurance recoveries relating to certain environmental obligations associated with discontinued operations, including the Fox River, Japan and Kalamazoo River matters, the closure of NCR's EFT payment processing business in Canada, and the results from our disposed healthcare solutions and Entertainment businesses. (b) The following income (expense) amounts, net of tax are included in income from continuing operations attributable to NCR for the years ended December 31: In millions Pension (expense) benefit Restructuring plan Acquisition related amortization of intangibles Acquisition related costs OFAC and FCPA investigations Japan valuation reserve release Impairment charges Legal settlements and charges 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 $ (66) $ (116) (80) (20) (2) — — — 58 $ 117 $ — (48) (36) (2) 15 — — — (25) (16) (2) — (7) — (398) $ — (8) (28) — — — 2 (16) — — — — 39 (9) (5) (11) (2) Incremental costs directly related to the relocation of the worldwide headquarters Total — (284) $ $ — (13) $ — 67 $ — (432) $ 19 Table of Contents Index to Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) Business Overview 2014 Overview Overview of Strategic Initiatives and Trends Results from Operations Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Page 21 21 21 23 29 33 37 20 Table of Contents Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (MD&A) BUSINESS OVERVIEW NCR Corporation is a leading global technology company that provides innovative products and services that enable businesses to connect, interact and transact with their customers and enhance their customer relationships by addressing consumer demand for convenience, value and individual service. Our portfolio of self-service and assisted-service solutions serve a wide range of customers in the financial services, retail, hospitality, travel, and telecommunications and technology industries and include automated teller machines (ATMs) and ATM and financial services software, point of sale (POS) devices and POS software, self-service kiosks and software applications that can be used by consumers to enable them to interact with businesses from their computer or mobile device. We also complement these product solutions by offering a complete portfolio of services that support both NCR and third party solutions. We also resell third-party networking products and provide related service offerings in the telecommunications and technology sectors. We have four operating segments: Financial Services, Retail Solutions, Hospitality and Emerging Industries. Each of our operating segments derives its revenues by selling products and services in each of the sales theaters in which NCR operates. Our solutions are based on a foundation of long-established industry knowledge and consulting expertise, value-added software, hardware technology, global customer support services, and a complete line of business consumables and specialty media products. NCR’s reputation is founded upon over 130 years of providing quality products, services and solutions to our customers. At the heart of our customer and other business relationships is a commitment to acting responsibly, ethically and with the highest level of integrity. This commitment is reflected in NCR’s Code of Conduct, which is available on the Corporate Governance page of our website. 2014 OVERVIEW As more fully discussed in later sections of this MD&A, the following were significant themes and events for 2014: • Results were negatively impacted by redirected information technology spending and delayed customer rollouts in the retail solutions segment, difficult global macroeconomic conditions and unfavorable foreign currency impacts • Revenue growth of approximately 8% compared to full year 2013 • Continued to experience growth in software-related revenue (which we measure by combining software license and maintenance revenue, cloud (or software as a service) revenue and professional services revenue associated with software delivery) • Completed the acquisition of Digital Insight Corporation • Commenced a restructuring plan in July 2014 to strategically allocate resources and position the Company to focus on higher- growth, higher-margin opportunities 21 Table of Contents OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVES AND TRENDS We have established a focused and consistent business strategy targeted at revenue growth, gross margin expansion, improved customer loyalty and employee engagement. This strategy guided our efforts in 2014, and will continue to guide us in 2015. To execute this strategy, we are focusing in 2015 on three key imperatives or initiatives that align with our financial objectives: deliver disruptive innovation; migrate our revenue to higher margin software and recurring services revenue; and develop a high performing sales force backed by leading services delivery that better leverages the innovation we are bringing to the market. Our strategy and these initiatives are summarized in more detail below: • Gain profitable share - We have been working to shift our business model to focus on growth of higher margin software and services revenue, including by focusing our research and development efforts, changing and educating our sales force and executing transformative acquisitions in each of our core divisions. At the same time, we are continuing our effort to optimize our investments in demand creation to increase NCR’s market share in areas with the greatest potential for profitable growth, which include opportunities in self-service technologies with our core financial services, retail, and hospitality customers. We focus on expanding our presence in our core industries, while seeking additional growth by: penetrating market adjacencies in single and multi-channel self-service segments; expanding and strengthening our geographic presence and sales coverage across customer tiers through use of the indirect channel; and leveraging NCR Services and consumables solutions to grow our share of customer revenue, improve customer retention, and deliver increased value to our customers. • Enhancing the customer experience - We are committed to providing a customer experience to drive loyalty, focusing on product and software solutions based on the needs of our customers, a sales force enabled with the consultative selling model to better leverage the innovative solutions we are bringing to market, and sales and support service teams focused on delivery and customer interactions. We continue to rely on the Customer Loyalty Survey, among other metrics, to measure our current state and set a course for our future state where we aim to continuously improve with solution innovations as well as through the execution of our service delivery programs. • Enhance our global service capability - We continue to identify and execute various initiatives to enhance our global service capability. We also focus on improving our service positioning, increasing customer service attach rates for our products and improving profitability in our services business. Our service capability can provide us with a competitive advantage in winning customers and it provides NCR with an attractive and stable revenue source. • Build the lowest cost structure in our industry - We strive to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of our core functions and the productivity of our employees through our continuous improvement initiatives. In 2014, we began a comprehensive restructuring plan to reallocate resources to higher-growth, higher-margin opportunities by proactively end-of-lifeing older commodity hardware product lines, moving lower productivity services to new centers of excellence, rationalizing our hardware and software product lines and reducing layers of management and organizing internally around a division model. We will continue to execute this plan in 2015, and expect it to contribute meaningful savings and gains in productivity and efficiency. • Expand into emerging growth industry segments - We are focused on broadening the scope of our self-service solutions from our existing customers to expand these solution offerings to customers in newer industry-vertical markets including telecommunications and technology as well as travel and small business. We expect to grow our business in these industries through integrated service offerings in addition to targeted acquisitions and strategic partnerships. • Innovation of our people - We are committed to solution innovation across all customer industries. Our focus on innovation has been enabled by closer collaboration between NCR Services and our divisions, and the movement of our software development resources directly into our core divisions. Innovation is also driven through investments in training and developing our employees by taking advantage of our new world-class training centers. We expect that these steps and investments will accelerate the delivery of innovative solutions focused on the needs of our customers and changes in consumer behavior. • Pursue strategic acquisitions that promote growth and improve gross margin - We have actively explored, and will continue selectively to explore, potential acquisition opportunities in the ordinary course of business to identify acquisitions that can accelerate the growth of our business and improve our gross margin mix, with a particular focus on software-oriented transactions. We may fund acquisitions through either equity or debt, including borrowings under our senior secured credit facility. 22 Table of Contents We are forecasting revenue to be roughly flat as compared to 2014, although we are encouraged by our market position for 2015. We plan to continue to manage our costs effectively, including through our restructuring program, and balance our investments in areas that generate high returns. Potentially significant risks to the execution of our initiatives include the global economic and credit environment, including unfavorable foreign currency impacts, and its effect on capital spending by our customers, competition that can drive further price erosion and potential loss of market share, difficulties associated with introduction of products in new self- service markets, market adoption of our products by customers, management and servicing of our existing indebtedness, and integration of previously completed acquisitions. For further information on potential risks and uncertainties see Item 1A "Risk Factors." RESULTS FROM OPERATIONS The following table shows our results for the years ended December 31: In millions Revenue Gross margin Gross margin as a percentage of revenue Operating expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Restructuring-related charges Income from operations 2014 $6,591 1,732 26.3% $1,012 263 104 $353 2013 $6,123 1,740 28.4% $871 203 — $666 2012 $5,730 1,645 28.7% $742 155 — $748 The following table shows our revenues and gross margins from products and services, respectively, for the years ended December 31: In millions Product revenue Cost of products Product gross margin Product gross margin as a percentage of revenue Services revenue Cost of services Services gross margin Services gross margin as a percentage of revenue 2014 $2,892 2,153 $739 25.6% $3,699 2,706 $993 26.8% 2013 $2,912 2,152 $760 26.1% $3,211 2,231 $980 30.5% 2012 $2,854 2,144 $710 24.9% $2,876 1,941 $935 32.5% The following tables show our revenues by geographic theater for the years ended December 31: In millions Americas Europe Asia Middle East Africa (AMEA) Consolidated revenue 2014 $3,357 1,594 1,640 $6,591 % of Total 51% 24% 25% 100% 2013 $3,030 1,492 1,601 $6,123 % of Total 50% 24% 26% 100% In millions Americas Europe Asia Middle East Africa (AMEA) Consolidated revenue 2013 $3,030 1,492 1,601 $6,123 % of Total 50% 24% 26% 100% 2012 $2,823 1,459 1,448 $5,730 % of Total 49% 26% 25% 100% 23 % Increase (Decrease) 11% 7% 2% 8% % Increase (Decrease) 7% 2% 11% 7% % Increase (Decrease) Constant Currency (1) 12% 9% 5% 10% % Increase (Decrease) Constant Currency (1) 8% 1% 18% 9% Table of Contents (1) The tables above each include a presentation of period-over-period revenue growth or decline on a constant currency basis, which is a non-GAAP measure that excludes the effects of foreign currency fluctuations. We calculate this information by translating prior period revenue growth at current period monthly average exchange rates. We believe that examining period-over-period revenue growth or decline excluding foreign currency fluctuations is useful for assessing the underlying performance of our business, and our management uses revenue growth on a constant currency basis to evaluate period-over-period operating performance. This non- GAAP measure should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, period-over-period revenue growth under GAAP. 2014 compared to 2013 results discussion Revenue Revenue increased 8% in 2014 from 2013 due to improvement in our financial services, hospitality and emerging industries operating segments, offset by declines in our retail solutions operating segment. Digital Insight generated $349 million of revenue from the date of acquisition, January 10, 2014, through December 31, 2014. Foreign currency fluctuations unfavorably impacted the revenue comparison by 2%. For the year ended December 31, 2014 our product revenue decreased 1% and our services revenue increased 15% compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The decrease in our product revenue was due to declines in the retail solutions and hospitality operating segments in the Americas theater and declines in the retail solutions and emerging industries operating segments in the AMEA theater, partially offset by growth in the financial services operating segment in all theaters, growth in the retail solutions and hospitality operating segments in the Europe theater, and growth in the hospitality operating segment in the AMEA theater. The increase in our services revenue was attributable to increases in all our services offerings, which include professional and installation services, maintenance services and cloud (or software as a service). Services revenue increased in the financial services, hospitality and emerging industries operating segments in all theaters and increased in the retail solutions operating segment in the Europe and AMEA theaters partially offset by declines in the retail solutions operating segment in the Americas theater. Gross Margin Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 26.3% in 2014 compared to 28.4% in 2013. Product gross margin in 2014 decreased slightly to 25.6% compared to 26.1% in 2013. Product gross margin in 2014 was negatively impacted by a $5 million increase in pension expense, $3 million in higher acquisition-related amortization of intangibles and a $9 million charge for the write-down of inventory related to the restructuring plan. Excluding these items, product gross margin as a percentage of revenue remained relatively consistent. Services gross margin decreased to 26.8% in 2014 compared to 30.5% in 2013. Services gross margin in 2014 was negatively impacted by a $126 million increase in pension expense, $24 million in higher acquisition-related amortization of intangibles and a $47 million charge for the write-down of inventory related to the restructuring plan. Excluding these items, services gross margin increased due to a favorable mix of revenues, including an increase in cloud revenues. 2013 compared to 2012 results discussion Revenue Revenue increased 7% in 2013 from 2012 due to improvement in our retail solutions, hospitality, and emerging industries operating segments offset by declines in our financial services operating segment. The effects of foreign currency fluctuations had a 2% unfavorable impact on revenue for the year. For the year ended December 31, 2013, our product revenue increased 2% and services revenue increased 12% compared to the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase in our product revenue was due to growth in the retail solutions operating segment in the Americas, growth in the hospitality operating segment in all theaters, and growth in the financial services and emerging industries operating segments in the AMEA theater partially offset by declines in the financial services operating segment in the Americas. The increase in our services revenue was primarily attributable to increases in professional and installation services, maintenance services and cloud revenue in the retail solutions operating segment in the Americas and AMEA theaters, in the hospitality operating segment in all theaters and in the financial services operating segment in the AMEA theater, partially offset by declines in professional and installation services and maintenance services in the emerging industries operating segment in the Americas theater. Gross Margin Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 28.4% in 2013 compared to 28.7% in 2012. Product gross margin in 2013 increased to 26.1% compared to 24.9% in 2012. During 2013 and 2012, product gross margin was adversely affected by approximately $36 million and $19 million, respectively, of acquisition related amortization of intangibles. Product gross margin in 2013 was also negatively impacted by $14 million in lower pension benefit, or 0.5% as a percentage of product revenue, year over year. After considering these items, the product gross margin increased due to favorable sales mix with an increase in software revenue. 24 Table of Contents Services gross margin decreased to 30.5% in 2013 compared to 32.5% in 2012. Services gross margin in 2013 was negatively impacted by $68 million in lower pension benefit, or 2.1% as a percentage of services revenue, year over year. After considering this item, the increase in services gross margin was due to a favorable mix of revenues, including an increase in cloud revenues. Effects of Pension, Postemployment, and Postretirement Benefit Plans NCR's income from continuing operations for the years ended December 31 was impacted by certain employee benefit plans as shown below: In millions Pension expense (benefit) Postemployment expense Postretirement benefit Total expense (benefit) 2014 $152 89 (15) $226 2013 $(78) 18 (15) $(75) 2012 $(224) 37 (14) $(201) In 2014, pension expense was $152 million compared to a pension benefit of $78 million in 2013 and a pension benefit of $224 million in 2012. In 2014, pension expense included actuarial losses of $150 million primarily attributable to the change in the U.S. mortality table. In 2014, approximately 44% of the pension expense was included in selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses, with the remaining 56% included in cost of products and services. In 2013, the pension benefit included actuarial gains of $104 million driven by increases in discount rates used to value the U.S. and certain international plans and $15 million associated with the termination of NCR's U.S. non-qualified pension plans. Additionally, the 2013 pension benefit included special termination benefit costs of $26 million related to U.S. employees who irrevocably accepted a voluntary early retirement offer during 2013. In 2012, the pension benefit included actuarial gains of $293 million related to remeasurement of the U.S. pension obligations in the fourth quarter of 2012, which primarily included the impact of the voluntary lump sum offer to certain participants of the U.S. qualified pension plan that was completed in the fourth quarter of 2012. Postemployment expense (severance and disability medical) was $89 million in 2014 compared to $18 million in 2013 and $37 million in 2012. In July 2014, the Company announced a restructuring plan to strategically reallocate resources and position the Company to focus on higher-growth, higher-margin opportunities and recorded a charge of $73 million in the year ended December 31, 2014. During the first quarter of 2013, NCR amended its U.S. separation plan to eliminate the accumulation of postemployment benefits. This amendment resulted in a curtailment benefit of approximately $13 million. As of December 31, 2014, the U.K. London pension plan was overfunded by approximately $420 million. The plan is expected to fully transfer to an insurer in 2015 or early 2016 resulting in approximately $420 million of pension expense in the period of settlement. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $141 million to $1,012 million from $871 million in 2013. As a percentage of revenue, these expenses were 15.4% in 2014 and 14.2% in 2013. In 2014, selling, general and administrative expenses included $48 million of pension expense, $27 million of acquisition-related costs, $56 million of acquisition-related amortization of intangibles,and $3 million of OFAC and FCPA related legal costs. In 2013, selling, general and administrative expenses included $22 million of pension benefit, $46 million of acquisition-related costs, $29 million of acquisition-related amortization of intangibles, $3 million of OFAC and FCPA related legal costs. Excluding these items, selling, general and administrative expenses remained consistent as a percentage of revenue at 13.3%. Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $129 million to $871 million in 2013 from $742 million in 2012. As a percentage of revenue, these expenses were 14.2% in 2013 and 12.9% in 2012. In 2013, selling, general, and administrative expenses included $22 million of pension benefit, $46 million of acquisition-related costs, $29 million of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and $3 million of OFAC and FCPA related legal costs. In 2012, selling, general, and administrative expenses included $66 million of pension benefit, $23 million of acquisition-related costs, $19 million of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and $4 million of OFAC and FCPA related legal costs. After considering these items, selling, general and administrative expenses remained consistent as a percentage of revenue at 13.3%, primarily due to a $7 million gain on the sale of an office property in 2013 offset by investment in sales resources during 2013. 25 Table of Contents Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased $60 million to $263 million in 2014 from $203 million in 2013. As a percentage of revenue, these costs were 4.0% in 2014 and 3.3% in 2013. Research and development expenses included pension expense of $19 million in 2014 as compared to pension benefit of $10 million in 2013. After considering this item, research and development expenses slightly increased to 3.7% in 2014 from 3.5% in 2013 as a percentage of revenue and are in line with management expectations as we continue to invest in broadening our self-service solutions. Research and development expenses increased $48 million to $203 million in 2013 from $155 million in 2012. As a percentage of revenue, these costs were 3.3% in 2013 and 2.7% in 2012. Research and development expenses included pension benefit of $10 million in 2013 as compared to pension benefit of $30 million in 2012. After considering this item, research and development expenses slightly increased to 3.5% in 2013 from 3.2% in 2012 as a percentage of revenue and are in line with management expectations as we continue to invest in broadening our self-service solutions. Restructuring-Related Charges In 2014, the Company recorded restructuring-related charges of $104 million related to the restructuring program announced in July 2014. The charges consist of severance and other employee related costs of $86 million, other exit costs of $5 million and asset-related charges of $13 million. Interest Expense Interest expense was $181 million in 2014 compared to $103 million in 2013 and $42 million in 2012. Interest expense in 2014 and 2013 was primarily related to the Company's senior unsecured notes and borrowings under the Company's senior secured credit facility. The increase in 2014 compared to 2013 is primarily related to a full year of interest expense related to the Company's 5.875% and 6.375% senior unsecured notes in 2014 compared to a partial year of interest expense in 2013. The increase in 2013 compared to 2012 is primarily related to a full year of interest expense related to the Company's 5.00% and 4.625% senior unsecured notes in 2013 compared to a partial year of interest expense in 2012. Other Expense Other (expense), net was $35 million in 2014 compared to $9 million in 2013 and $8 million in 2012. Interest income was $6 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012. In 2014, other (expense), net included $32 million related to foreign currency fluctuations and foreign exchange contracts, $7 million in bank related fees, and $3 million related to the impairment of an investment partially offset by a $4 million gain on the sale of available for sale securities. In 2013, other (expense), net included $13 million related to losses from foreign currency contracts not designated as hedging instruments as well as from foreign currency fluctuations and $7 million in bank related fees partially offset by income from the sale of certain patents and a $3 million gain on the sale of an investment. In 2012, other (expense), net included $7 million related to the impairment of an investment, $5 million in bank related fees and $2 million related to losses from foreign currency fluctuations. Income Taxes The effective tax rate was (35)% in 2014, 18% in 2013, and 32% in 2012. During 2014, we favorably settled examinations with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for the 2009 and 2010 tax years that resulted in a tax benefit of $13 million. In addition, the 2014 tax rate was favorably impacted by a $9 million reduction in the U.S. valuation allowance and a favorable mix of earnings by country, primarily driven by actuarial pension losses due to a change in the U.S. mortality table. During 2013, we recorded a one-time benefit of approximately $16 million in connection with the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 that was signed into law in January 2013 and the related retroactive tax relief for certain law provisions that expired in 2012. The 2013 tax rate was also favorably impacted by the release of a $10 million valuation allowance due to the implementation of a tax planning strategy to access certain deferred tax assets, a $15 million reduction in a valuation allowance related to a subsidiary in Japan, and a favorable mix of earnings by country, primarily related to lower pension benefit. During 2012, we favorably settled examinations with Canada for the 2003 tax year and Japan for tax years 2001 through 2006 that resulted in tax benefits of $14 million and $13 million, respectively. In addition, the 2012 tax rate was favorably impacted by the mix of earnings by country. These benefits were partially offset by an increase of $17 million to the U.S. valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. During 2014, the IRS finalized an examination of our 2009 and 2010 income tax returns and commenced an examination of our 2011, 2012 and 2013 income tax returns, which is ongoing. While we are subject to numerous federal, state and foreign tax audits, we believe 26 Table of Contents that appropriate reserves exist for issues that might arise from these audits. Should these audits be settled, the resulting tax effect could impact the tax provision and cash flows in future periods. During 2015, the Company expects to resolve certain tax matters related to U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. These resolutions could have a material impact on the effective tax rate in 2015. Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations In 2014, income from discontinued operations was $10 million, net of tax, primarily related to changes in estimates related to the Fox River reserve partially offset by accruals for litigation fees related to the Kalamazoo River environmental matter. In 2013, loss from discontinued operations was $9 million, net of tax, solely related to environmental matters, which was due to changes in estimates related to the Fox River reserve in addition to accruals for litigation fees related to the Kalamazoo River environmental matter, partially offset by recoveries from insurance carriers. In 2012, income from discontinued operations was $6 million, net of tax, which includes a $4 million operating loss from the former Entertainment business, an $8 million benefit from favorable changes in uncertain tax benefits related to Teradata and a $2 million benefit from an insurance recovery from a previously agreed settlement related to the Fox River environmental matter. Revenue and Operating Income by Segment As described in Note 13, “Segment Information and Concentrations” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company manages and reports its businesses in the following segments: • Financial Services - We offer solutions to enable customers in the financial services industry to reduce costs, generate new revenue streams and enhance customer loyalty. These solutions include a comprehensive line of ATM and payment processing hardware and software; cash management and video banking software and customer-facing digital banking services; and related installation, maintenance, and managed and professional services. We also offer a complete line of printer consumables. • Retail Solutions - We offer solutions to customers in the retail industry designed to improve selling productivity and checkout processes as well as increase service levels. These solutions primarily include retail-oriented technologies, such as point of sale terminals and point of sale software; an omni-channel retail software platform with a comprehensive suite of retail software applications; innovative self-service kiosks, such as self-checkout; as well as bar-code scanners. We also offer installation, maintenance, managed and professional services and a complete line of printer consumables. • Hospitality - We offer technology solutions to customers in the hospitality industry, serving businesses that range from a single store or restaurant to global chains and sports and entertainment venues. Our solutions include point of sale hardware and software solutions, installation, maintenance, managed and professional services and a complete line of printer consumables. • Emerging Industries - We offer maintenance as well as managed and professional services for third-party computer hardware provided to select manufacturers, primarily in the telecommunications industry, who value and leverage our global service capability. Also included in the Emerging Industries segment are solutions designed to enhance the customer experience for the travel industry, such as self-service kiosks, and the small business industry, such as an all-in-one point of sale solution. Additionally, we offer installation, maintenance, and managed and professional services. Each of these segments derives its revenues by selling products and services in the sales theaters in which NCR operates. Segments are measured for profitability by the Company’s chief operating decision maker based on revenue and segment operating income. For purposes of discussing our operating results by segment, we exclude the impact of certain items (described below) from segment operating income, consistent with the manner by which management reviews each segment, evaluates performance, and reports our segment results under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (otherwise known as GAAP). This format is useful to investors because it allows analysis and comparability of operating trends. It also includes the same information that is used by NCR management to make decisions regarding the segments and to assess our financial performance. The effect of pension expense (benefit) and other significant, non-recurring items on segment operating income have been excluded from the operating income for each reporting segment presented below. Our segment results are reconciled to total Company results reported under GAAP in Note 13, “Segment Information and Concentrations” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. In the segment discussions below, we have disclosed the impact of foreign currency fluctuations as it relates to our segment revenue due to its significance. 27 Table of Contents Financial Services Segment The following table presents the Financial Services revenue and segment operating income for the years ended December 31: In millions Revenue Operating income Operating income as a percentage of revenue 2014 $3,561 $543 15.2% 2013 $3,115 $356 11.4% 2012 $3,201 $327 10.2% We completed the acquisition of Digital Insight on January 10, 2014. As a result, the revenue and operating income results for the Financial Services segment include the impact of Digital Insight from January 10, 2014 through December 31, 2014. Digital Insight generated $349 million of revenue and $104 million of operating income in the year ended December 31, 2014. Financial Services revenue increased 14% in 2014 compared to 2013 and decreased 3% in 2013 compared to 2012. Revenue increased in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily driven by growth in product sales and services revenue in all theaters and the contribution of the Digital Insight business noted above. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted the year-over-year revenue comparison by 3%. Revenue decreased in 2013 compared to 2012 primarily driven by declines in product sales in the Americas theater partially offset by growth in product sales and services revenues in the AMEA theater. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted the year- over-year revenue comparison by 2%. Operating income was $543 million in 2014, $356 million in 2013 and $327 million in 2012. The increase in operating income in 2014 compared to 2013 was driven by a higher mix of software revenue and the contribution of the Digital Insight business noted above. The increase in operating income in 2013 compared to 2012 was driven by a higher mix of software and professional services revenue, reduced expenses, and a reimbursement from a supplier of certain previously incurred costs in the second quarter of 2013. Retail Solutions Segment The following table presents the Retail Solutions revenue and segment operating income for the years ended December 31: In millions Revenue Operating income Operating income as a percentage of revenue 2014 $2,008 $155 7.7% 2013 $2,034 $205 10.1% 2012 $1,667 $102 6.1% The Company completed the acquisition of Retalix on February 6, 2013. As a result, the revenue and operating income results for the Retail Solutions segment in 2013 include the impact of Retalix from February 6, 2013 through December 31, 2013. Retalix generated revenue of $298 million and $53 million of operating income in the year ended December 31, 2013. Retail Solutions revenue decreased 1% in 2014 compared to 2013 and increased 22% in 2013 compared to 2012. The decrease in revenue in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily driven by declines in product sales and services revenue in the Americas theater and declines in product sales in the AMEA theater partially offset by growth in product sales and service revenues in the Europe theater and growth in services revenue in the AMEA theater. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted the year-over-year revenue comparison by 1%. The increase in revenue in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily driven by growth in product sales and services revenue in the Americas theater and services revenue in the AMEA theater, due, in part, to the impact of the Retalix business. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted the year-over-year revenue comparison by 3%. Operating income was $155 million in 2014, $205 million in 2013 and $102 million in 2012. The decrease in operating income in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily driven by redirected information technology spending and delayed customer rollouts. The increase in the Retail Solutions operating income in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to increased revenues, a higher mix of software as well as the contribution from the Retalix business, as noted above. 28 Table of Contents Hospitality Segment The following table presents the Hospitality revenue and segment operating income for the years ended December 31: In millions Revenue Operating income Operating income as a percentage of revenue 2014 $659 $91 13.8% 2013 $626 $100 16.0% 2012 $522 $85 16.3% Hospitality revenue increased 5% in 2014 compared to 2013 and increased 20% in 2013 compared to 2012. The increase in revenue in 2014 compared to 2013 was due to growth in services revenue in all theaters and growth in product sales in the Europe and AMEA theaters partially offset by decline in product sales in the Americas theater. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted the year- over-year revenue comparison by 1%. The increase in revenue in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily driven by growth in product sales and services revenues in all theaters. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted the year-over-year revenue comparison by 1%. Operating income for Hospitality was $91 million in 2014, $100 million in 2013, and $85 million in 2012. The decrease in operating income in 2014 compared to 2013 was driven by an unfavorable mix of revenue, with a large software transaction in 2013. The increase in 2013 compared to 2012 was driven by higher revenues slightly offset by investment in sales and development resources. Emerging Industries Segment The following table presents the Emerging Industries revenue and segment operating income for the years ended December 31: In millions Revenue Operating income Operating income as a percentage of revenue 2014 $363 $31 8.5% 2013 $348 $56 16.1% 2012 $340 $75 22.1% Emerging Industries revenue increased 4% in 2014 compared to 2013 and increased 2% in 2013 compared to 2012. The increase in revenue in 2014 compared to 2013 was driven by higher services revenues in all theaters partially offset by declines in product sales in the AMEA theater. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted the year-over-year revenue comparison by 1%. The increase in revenue in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily driven by growth in product sales in the AMEA theater, partially offset by declines in services revenues in the Americas theater. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted the year-over-year revenue comparison by 1%. Operating income was $31 million in 2014, $56 million in 2013, and $75 million in 2012. The decrease in the Emerging Industries operating income in 2014 compared to 2013 was due to costs associated with managed services contracts and continued investment in the small business industry. The decrease in the Emerging Industries operating income in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to an unfavorable mix of revenues. FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES In the year ended December 31, 2014, cash provided by operating activities was $524 million and in the year ended December 31, 2013, cash provided by operating activities was $281 million. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by improvements in working capital and reduced pension contributions in the year ended December 31, 2014. NCR’s management uses a non-GAAP measure called “free cash flow” to assess the financial performance of the Company. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities and cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations, less capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment, less additions to capitalized software plus discretionary pension contributions and settlements. Free cash flow does not have a definition under GAAP, and therefore NCR’s definition may differ from other companies’ definitions of this measure. We believe free cash flow information is useful for investors because it relates the operating cash flows from the Company’s continuing and discontinued operations to the capital that is spent to continue and improve business operations. In particular, free cash flow indicates the amount of cash available after capital expenditures for, among other things, investments in the Company’s existing businesses, strategic acquisitions and investments, repurchase of NCR stock and repayment of debt obligations. Free cash flow does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures, since there may be other non- discretionary expenditures that are not deducted from the measure. This non-GAAP measure should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, cash flows from operating activities under GAAP. The table below reconciles net cash provided by (used in) operating 29 Table of Contents activities, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to NCR’s non-GAAP measure of free cash flow for the year ended December 31: In millions Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Expenditures for property, plant and equipment Additions to capitalized software Net cash used in discontinued operations Pension discretionary contributions and settlements Free cash flow (non-GAAP) 2014 $524 (118) (140) (1) 48 $313 2013 $281 (116) (110) (52) 204 $207 2012 $(180) (80) (80) (114) 600 $146 In 2014, net cash provided by operating activities increased $243 million, net cash used in discontinued operations decreased $51 million, and pension discretionary contributions and settlements were $48 million in 2014, down from $204 million in 2013, all of which contributed to a net increase in free cash flow of $106 million in comparison to 2013. Additionally, capital expenditures increased $2 million and capitalized software additions increased $30 million due to continued investment in the business and software solution enhancements. The cash used in discontinued operations in 2014 was lower than 2013 primarily due to recoveries related to the Fox River environmental matter. In 2013, net cash provided by operating activities increased $461 million, capital expenditures increased $36 million, capitalized software additions increased $30 million, net cash used in discontinued operations decreased $62 million, and pension discretionary contributions and settlements were $204 million in 2013 and $600 million in 2012, all of which contributed to a net increase in free cash flow of $61 million in comparison to 2012. The increase in net capital expenditures and capitalized software was due to continued investment in the business and software solution enhancements. The cash used in discontinued operations was primarily attributable to remediation payments associated with the Fox River environmental matter. For the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash used in discontinued operations excludes cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations of $99 million. Financing activities and certain other investing activities are not included in our calculation of free cash flow. Our other investing activities primarily include business acquisitions, divestitures and investments as well as proceeds from the sales of property, plant and equipment. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we completed the acquisition of Digital Insight for $1,647 million, net of cash received. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we completed the acquisition of Retalix for $664 million, net of cash received, and multiple other acquisitions that totaled $116 million, net of cash received. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we completed multiple acquisitions that totaled $108 million, net of cash received. Our financing activities primarily include proceeds from employee stock plans, payments made for tax withholding on behalf of employees, issuance of unsecured notes and borrowings and repayments of credit facilities. During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, proceeds from employee stock plans were $13 million, $57 million and $53 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, payments made for tax withholding on behalf of employees totaled $28 million, $30 million and $12 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we repurchased shares of our consolidated subsidiaries from minority shareholders for $24 million. As of December 31, 2014, our senior secured credit facility consisted of a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.35 billion, and a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $850 million. The revolving credit facility also allows a portion of the availability to be used for outstanding letters of credit, and as of December 31, 2014, there were no outstanding letters of credit. As of December 31, 2014, the outstanding principal balance of the term loan facility was $1.33 billion and the outstanding balance on the revolving facility was zero. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had outstanding $700 million in aggregate principal balance of 6.375% senior unsecured notes due 2023, $600 million in aggregate principal balance of 5.00% senior unsecured notes due 2022, $500 million in aggregate principal balance of 4.625% senior unsecured notes due 2021 and $400 million in aggregate principal balance of 5.875% senior unsecured notes due 2021. The proceeds of the 5.00% notes of $600 million were used for a $500 million discretionary contribution to our U.S. qualified pension plan in the third quarter of 2012 and a $100 million discretionary contribution to our U.S. qualified pension plan in the fourth quarter of 2012. The proceeds of the 4.625% notes of $500 million were used to help fund the acquisition of Retalix, which was completed during the first quarter of 2013. The proceeds of the 6.375% notes of $700 million, and the proceeds of the 5.875% notes of $400 million, were used to help fund the acquisition of Digital Insight in January 2014. 30 Table of Contents In November 2014, we entered into a revolving trade receivables securitization facility, which provides the Company with up to $200 million in funding based on the availability of eligible receivables and other customary factors and conditions. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had $96 million outstanding under the facility. See Note 6, "Debt Obligations," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for further information on the senior secured credit facility, the senior unsecured notes and the trade receivables securitization facility. We expect to make pension, postemployment and postretirement plan contributions of approximately $119 million in 2015. See Note 9, “Employee Benefit Plans,” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for additional discussion on our pension, postemployment and postretirement plans. In July 2014, we announced a restructuring plan to strategically reallocate resources so that we can focus on higher-growth, higher- margin opportunities in the software-driven consumer transaction technologies industry. Refer to Note 2, "Restructuring Plan," of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for additional discussion on our restructuring plan. As a result of this plan, we expect to incur a total charge of approximately $200 million to $225 million and total cash payments of $100 million to $115 million through 2015. In 2014, we incurred a total charge of approximately $161 million and cash payments of $29 million. These estimates include severance, inventory-related, asset-related and other exit charges. We expect to achieve annual savings of approximately $105 million in 2016. Cash and cash equivalents held by the Company's foreign subsidiaries were $458 million and $461 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Under current tax laws and regulations, if cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the United States are distributed to the United States in the form of dividends or otherwise, we may be subject to additional U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes, which could be significant. As of December 31, 2014, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $511 million and our total debt was $3.66 billion. Our borrowing capacity under our senior secured credit facility was $850 million and under our trade receivables securitization facility was $104 million at December 31, 2014. Our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations is dependent on general economic conditions, and the competitive environment in our industry, and is subject to the business and other risk factors described in Item 1A of Part I of this 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or otherwise comply with the terms of our credit facilities, we may be required to seek additional financing alternatives. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity based on our current cash position, cash flows from operations and existing financing to meet our expected pension, postemployment, and postretirement plan contributions, remediation payments related to the Fox River environmental matter, debt servicing obligations, payments under the restructuring plan, and our operating requirements for the next twelve months. Contractual Obligations In the normal course of business, we enter into various contractual obligations that impact, or could impact, the liquidity of our operations. The following table and discussion outlines our material obligations as of December 31, 2014 on an undiscounted basis, with projected cash payments in the years shown: In millions Debt obligations Interest on debt obligations Estimated environmental liability payments Lease obligations Purchase obligations Uncertain tax positions Total obligations Total Amounts 2015 2016 - 2017 2018 - 2019 2020 & Thereafter All Other $ 3,659 $ 91 $ 362 $ 996 $ 2,210 $ 1,081 76 251 970 188 164 35 92 802 4 300 13 112 99 — 259 358 — 32 46 — 28 15 23 — $ 6,225 $ 1,188 $ 886 $ 1,333 $ 2,634 $ — — — — — 184 184 As of December 31, 2014, we had short and long-term debt totaling $3.66 billion. For purposes of this table, we used interest rates as of December 31, 2014 to estimate the future interest on debt obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2014 and have assumed no voluntary prepayments of existing debt. See Note 6, "Debt Obligations," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for additional disclosure related to our debt obligations and the related interest rate terms. We have also incorporated the expected fixed payments based on our interest rate swap related to 31 Table of Contents our term loan. See Note 11, "Derivatives and Hedging Instruments," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for additional disclosure related to our interest rate swap. The estimated environmental liability payments included in the table of contractual obligations shown above are related to the Fox River environmental matter. The amounts shown are NCR's expected payments, net of the payment obligations of its co-obligors; the amounts do not include an estimate for payments to be received from insurers or indemnification parties. For additional information, refer to Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. Our lease obligations are primarily for certain sales and manufacturing facilities in various domestic and international locations as well as leases related to equipment and vehicles. Purchase obligations represent committed purchase orders and other contractual commitments for goods or services. The purchase obligation amounts were determined through information in our procurement systems and payment schedules for significant contracts. Included in the amounts are committed payments in relation to the long-term service agreement with Accenture under which NCR’s transaction processing activities and functions are performed. We have a $188 million liability related to our uncertain tax positions. Due to the nature of the underlying liabilities and the extended time often needed to resolve income tax uncertainties, we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount or timing of cash payments that may be required to settle these liabilities beyond 2015. For additional information, refer to Note 7, "Income Taxes," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. Our U.S. and international employee benefit plans, which are described in Note 9, “Employee Benefit Plans,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, could require significant future cash payments. The funded status of NCR’s U.S. pension plans is an underfunded position of $387 million as of December 31, 2014 compared to an underfunded position of $248 million as of December 31, 2013. The decline in our funded status is primarily attributable to the change in the U.S. mortality table in 2014. The overfunded status of our international retirement plans improved to $219 million as of December 31, 2014 from $159 million as of December 31, 2013. Strong asset returns partially offset by decreases in discount rates, which increase the plan liabilities, contributed to the improvement in funded status for these plans. Contributions to international pension plans are expected to be approximately $35 million in 2015. We also have product warranties that may affect future cash flows. These items are not included in the table of obligations shown above, but are described in detail in Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. Our senior secured credit facility and the indentures for our senior unsecured notes includes affirmative and negative covenants that restrict or limit our ability to, among other things, incur indebtedness; create liens on assets; engage in certain fundamental corporate changes or changes to our business activities; make investments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; engage in sale-leaseback or hedging transactions; pay dividends or make similar distributions; repay other indebtedness; engage in certain affiliate transactions; or enter into agreements that restrict our ability to create liens, pay dividends or make loan repayments. Our senior secured credit facility also includes financial covenants that require us to maintain: • • a consolidated leverage ratio on the last day of any fiscal quarter, not to exceed (i) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after June 30, 2014 and on or prior to December 31, 2014, (a) the sum of (x) 4.50 and (y) an amount (not to exceed 0.25) to reflect new debt used to reduce NCR's underfunded pension liabilities, to (b) 1.00, (ii) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2014 and on or prior to December 31, 2016, (a) the sum of (x) 4.25 and (y) an amount (not to exceed 0.50) to reflect new debt used to reduce NCR's underfunded pension liabilities, to (b) 1.00, (iii) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2016 and on or prior to December 31, 2017, 4.00 to 1.00, and (iv) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2017, 3.75 to 1.00; and an interest coverage ratio on the last day of any fiscal quarter greater than or equal to (i) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending on or prior to December 31, 2014, 3.00 to 1.00, and (ii) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2014, 3.50 to 1.00. At December 31, 2014, the maximum consolidated leverage ratio under the Senior Secured Credit Facility was 4.60 to 1.00. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have no significant contractual obligations not fully recorded on our consolidated balance sheets or fully disclosed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements. We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by SEC Regulation S-K Item 303 (a) (4) (ii). See Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for additional information on guarantees associated with NCR's business activities. 32 Table of Contents Disclosure Pursuant to Section 13(r)(1)(D)(iii) of the Securities Exchange Act. Pursuant to Section 13(r)(1)(D)(iii) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, we note that, during the period January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, the Company's branch in Syria maintained a bank account and guarantees at the Commercial Bank of Syria (CBS), which was designated as a Specially Designated National pursuant to Executive Order 13382 (EO 13382) on August 10, 2011. This bank account and the guarantees at CBS were maintained in the normal course of business prior to the listing of CBS pursuant to EO 13382. The bank account generated interest at a rate greater than or equal to 1 percent compounded semi-annually during the period covered by this Report and the account balance as of December 31, 2014 was approximately $4,024. The guarantees did not generate any revenue or profits for the Company. Pursuant to a license granted to the Company by the Office of Foreign Asset Controls (OFAC) on January 3, 2013 and subsequent licenses granted on April 29, 2013, July 12, 2013, February 28, 2014, and November 12, 2014, the Company has been winding down its operations in Syria. In connection with these efforts, the Company has also received authorization from OFAC to close the CBS account and terminate any guarantees. Following the closure of the account and termination of the guarantees, the Company does not intend to engage in any further business activities with CBS. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. In connection with the preparation of these financial statements, we are required to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the related disclosure of contingent liabilities. These assumptions, estimates and judgments are based on historical experience and are believed to be reasonable at the time. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Our critical accounting policies are those that require assumptions to be made about matters that are highly uncertain. Different estimates could have a material impact on our financial results. Judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of these policies and estimates may result in materially different amounts being reported under different conditions or circumstances. Our management continually reviews these assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and are materially correct. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require significant management judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting among available alternatives would not produce a materially different result. The significant accounting policies and estimates that we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are discussed in the paragraphs below. Our senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures with our independent registered public accounting firm and the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. See Note 1, "Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, which contains additional information regarding our accounting policies and other disclosures required by GAAP. Revenue Recognition NCR frequently enters into multiple-element arrangements with its customers including hardware, software, professional consulting services and maintenance support services. For arrangements involving multiple deliverables, when deliverables include software and non-software products and services, NCR evaluates and separates each deliverable to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting based on the following criteria: (a) the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand- alone basis; and (b) if the contract includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered items is considered probable and substantially in the control of NCR. Consideration is allocated to each unit of accounting based on the unit's relative selling prices. In such circumstances, the Company uses a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to each deliverable: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (VSOE), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (TPE), and (iii) best estimate of selling price (BESP). VSOE generally exists only when the Company sells the deliverable separately and is the price actually charged by the Company for that deliverable. VSOE is established for our software maintenance services and we use TPE to establish selling prices for our non-software related services, which include hardware maintenance, non-software related professional services, and transaction services. The Company uses BESP to allocate revenue when we are unable to establish VSOE or TPE of selling price. BESP is primarily used for elements such as products that are not consistently priced within a narrow range. The Company determines BESP for a deliverable by considering multiple factors including product class, geography, average discount, and management's historical pricing practices. Amounts allocated to the delivered hardware and software elements are recognized at the time of sale provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Amounts allocated to the undelivered maintenance and other services elements are recognized as the services are provided or on a straight-line basis over the service period. In certain instances, customer acceptance is required prior to the passage of title and risk of loss of the delivered products. In such cases, revenue is not recognized until the customer acceptance is obtained. Delivery and acceptance generally occur in the same reporting period. 33 Table of Contents In situations where NCR's solutions contain software that is more than incidental, revenue related to the software and software-related elements is recognized in accordance with authoritative guidance on software revenue recognition. For the software and software- related elements of such transactions, revenue is allocated based on the relative fair value of each element, and fair value is determined by VSOE. If the Company cannot objectively determine the fair value of any undelivered element included in such multiple-element arrangements, the Company defers revenue until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, or until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements. When the fair value of a delivered element has not been established, but fair value exists for the undelivered elements, the Company uses the residual method to recognize revenue. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and is recognized as revenue. For certain of NCR’s long-term contracts, the Company utilizes a percentage-of-completion accounting method, which requires estimates of future revenues and costs over the full term of product and/or service delivery. Estimated losses, if any, on long-term projects are recognized as soon as such losses become known. Revenue recognition for complex contractual arrangements, especially those with multiple elements, requires a significant level of judgment and is based upon a review of specific contracts, past experience, the selling price of undelivered elements when sold separately, creditworthiness of customers, international laws and other factors. Changes in judgments about these factors could impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized between periods. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We evaluate the collectability of our accounts receivable based on a number of factors. We establish provisions for doubtful accounts using percentages of our accounts receivable balance as an overall proxy to reflect historical average credit losses and also use management judgment that may include elements that are uncertain, including specific provisions for known issues. The percentages are applied to aged accounts receivable balances. Aged accounts are determined based on the number of days the receivable is outstanding, measured from the date of the invoice, or from the date of revenue recognition. As the age of the receivable increases, the provision percentage also increases. This policy is applied consistently among all of our operating segments. Based on the factors below, we periodically review customer account activity in order to assess the adequacy of the allowances provided for potential losses. Factors include economic conditions and judgments regarding collectability of account balances, each customer’s payment history and creditworthiness. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $19 million as of December 31, 2014, $18 million as of December 31, 2013, and $16 million as of December 31, 2012. These allowances represent, as a percentage of gross receivables, 1.3% in 2014, 1.3% in 2013, and 1.5% in 2012. Given our experience, the reserves for potential losses are considered adequate, but if one or more of our larger customers were to default on its obligations, we could be exposed to potentially significant losses in excess of the provisions established. We continually evaluate our reserves for doubtful accounts and economic deterioration could lead to the need to increase our allowances. Inventory Valuation Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, using the average cost method. Each quarter, we reassess raw materials, work-in-process, parts and finished equipment inventory costs to identify purchase or usage variances from standards, and valuation adjustments are made. Additionally, to properly provide for potential exposure due to slow-moving, excess, obsolete or unusable inventory, inventory values are reduced based on forecasted usage, orders, technological obsolescence and inventory aging. These factors are impacted by market conditions, technology changes and changes in strategic direction, and require estimates and management judgment that may include elements that are uncertain. On a quarterly basis, we review the current market value of inventory and adjust for any inventory exposure due to age or excess of cost over market value. We have inventory in more than 40 countries around the world. We purchase inventory from third party suppliers and manufacture inventory at our plants. This inventory is transferred to our distribution and sales organizations at cost plus a mark-up. This mark-up is referred to as inter-company profit. Each quarter, we review our inventory levels and analyze our inter-company profit to determine the correct amount of inter-company profit to eliminate. Key assumptions are made to estimate product gross margins, the product mix of existing inventory balances and current period shipments. Over time, we refine these estimates as facts and circumstances change. If our estimates require refinement, our results could be impacted. The policies described are consistently applied across all of our operating segments. Warranty Reserves One of our key objectives is to provide superior quality products and services. To that end, we provide a standard manufacturer’s warranty typically extending up to 12 months, allowing our customers to seek repair of products under warranty at no additional cost. A corresponding estimated liability for potential warranty costs is also recorded at the time of the sale. We sometimes offer extended warranties in the form of product maintenance services to our customers for purchase. We defer the fair value of these 34 Table of Contents revenues and recognize revenue over the life of the extended warranty period. Refer to Note 1, "Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for further information regarding our accounting for extended warranties. Future warranty obligation costs are based upon historical factors such as labor rates, average repair time, travel time, number of service calls per machine and cost of replacement parts. When a sale is consummated, the total customer revenue is recognized and the associated warranty liability is recorded based upon the estimated cost to provide the service over the warranty period. Total warranty costs were $37 million in 2014, $39 million in 2013, and $46 million in 2012. Warranty costs as a percentage of total product revenues were 1.3% in 2014, 1.3% in 2013, and 1.6% in 2012. Historically, the principal factor used to estimate our warranty costs has been service calls per machine. Significant changes in this factor could result in actual warranty costs differing from accrued estimates. Although no near-term changes in our estimated warranty reserves are currently anticipated, in the unlikely event of a significant increase in warranty claims by one or more of our larger customers, costs to fulfill warranty obligations would be higher than provisioned, thereby impacting results. Goodwill Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter or more frequently if certain events occur indicating that the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include a decline in expected cash flows, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, a decision to sell a business, unanticipated competition, or slower growth rates, among others. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. Under the qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If under the quantitative assessment the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the amount of the impairment loss, if any, must be measured under step two of the impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we will record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value. Fair value of the reporting units is estimated primarily using the income approach, which incorporates the use of discounted cash flow (DCF) analyses. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including markets and market shares, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce, tax rates, capital spending, discount rate and working capital changes. Most of these assumptions vary among reporting units. The cash flow forecasts are generally based on approved strategic operating plans. Valuation of Long-lived Assets and Amortizable Other Intangible Assets We perform impairment tests for our long-lived assets if an event or circumstance indicates that the carrying amount of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable. In response to changes in industry and market conditions, we may also strategically realign our resources and consider restructuring, disposing of, or otherwise exiting businesses. Such activities could result in impairment of our long-lived assets or other intangible assets. We also are subject to the possibility of impairment of long-lived assets arising in the ordinary course of business. We consider the likelihood of impairment if certain events occur indicating that the carrying value of the long-lived assets may be impaired and we may recognize impairment if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or intangible asset is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows. Impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. We use both the income approach and market approach to estimate fair value. Our estimates of fair value are subject to a high degree of judgment since they include a long-term forecast of future operations. Accordingly, any value ultimately derived from our long-lived assets may differ from our estimate of fair value. Pension, Postretirement and Postemployment Benefits We sponsor domestic and foreign defined benefit pension and postemployment plans as well as domestic postretirement plans. As a result, we have significant pension, postretirement and postemployment benefit costs, which are developed from actuarial valuations. Actuarial assumptions attempt to anticipate future events and are used in calculating the expense and liability relating to these plans. These factors include assumptions we make about interest rates, expected investment return on plan assets, rate of increase in healthcare costs, total and involuntary turnover rates, and rates of future compensation increases. In addition, our actuarial consultants advise us about subjective factors such as withdrawal rates and mortality rates to use in our valuations. We generally review and update these assumptions on an annual basis at the beginning of each fiscal year. We are required to consider current market conditions, including changes in interest rates, in making these assumptions. The actuarial assumptions that we use may differ materially from actual results due to changing market and economic conditions, higher or lower withdrawal rates, or longer or shorter life spans of participants. These differences may result in a significant impact to the amount of pension, postretirement or postemployment benefits expense we have recorded or may record. Postemployment and postretirement expense impacts all of our segments. Pension expense is excluded from our segment results as it is not included in the 35 Table of Contents evaluation of segment performance. See Note 13, "Segment Information and Concentrations," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for a reconciliation of our segment results to income from operations. The key assumptions used in developing our 2014 expense were discount rates of 4.6% for our U.S. pension plans and 3.4% for our postretirement plan, and an expected return on assets assumption of 4.6% for our U.S. plans in 2014. The U.S. plans represented 52% and 100% of total pension and postretirement plan obligations, respectively, as of December 31, 2014. Holding all other assumptions constant, a 0.25% change in the discount rate used for the U.S. plans would have increased or decreased 2014 ongoing pension expense by approximately $4 million and would have had an immaterial impact on 2014 postretirement expense. A 0.25% change in the expected rate of return on plan assets assumption for the U.S. pension plan would have increased or decreased 2014 ongoing pension expense by approximately $6 million. Our expected return on plan assets has historically been and will likely continue to be material to net income. We intend to use discount rates of 4.0% and 3.1% in determining the 2015 U.S. qualified plan pension and postretirement expense, respectively, and an expected rate of return on assets assumption of 4.0% for the U.S. qualified plan. We recognize additional changes in the fair value of plan assets and net actuarial gains or losses of our pension plans upon remeasurement, which occurs at least annually in the fourth quarter of each year. The remaining components of pension expense, primarily net service cost, interest cost, and the expected return on plan assets, are recorded on a quarterly basis as ongoing pension expense. While it is required that we review our actuarial assumptions each year at the measurement date, we generally do not change them between measurement dates. We use a measurement date of December 31 for all of our plans. Changes in assumptions or asset values may have a significant effect on the annual measurement of expense or income in the fourth quarter. The most significant assumption used in developing our 2015 postemployment plan expense is the assumed rate of involuntary turnover of 4.8%. The involuntary turnover rate is based on historical trends and projections of involuntary turnover in the future. A 0.25% change in the rate of involuntary turnover would have increased or decreased 2014 expense by approximately $1 million. The sensitivity of the assumptions described above is specific to each individual plan and not to our pension, postretirement and postemployment plans in the aggregate. Environmental and Legal Contingencies Each quarter, we review the status of each claim and legal proceeding and assess our potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding would be material and is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss. To the extent that the amount of such a probable loss is estimable only by reference to a range of equally likely outcomes, and no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the amount at the low end of the range. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments, and external factors beyond our control, accruals are based on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, we reassess the potential liability related to our pending claims and litigation and may revise our estimates. Such revisions in the estimates of the potential liabilities could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position. Except for the sharing agreement with Appleton Papers Inc. (API) with respect to a particular insurance settlement described in Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report with respect to the Fox River matter, when insurance carriers or third parties have agreed to pay any amounts related to costs, and we believe that it is probable that we can collect such amounts, those amounts are reflected as receivables in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The most significant legal contingency impacting our Company relates to the Fox River matter, which is further described in detail in Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. NCR has been identified as a potentially responsible party (PRP) at the Fox River site in Wisconsin. As described below and in Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," while substantial progress has been made in the Fox River clean-up, the extent of our potential liability continues to be subject to significant uncertainties. These uncertainties include the total clean-up costs for each of the segments of the river; the total natural resource damages for the site; the extent to which clean-up and other costs will be allocated among NCR and other PRPs in the allocation litigation; and the solvency and willingness to pay of other PRPs, co-obligors or indemnitors. Our net reserve for the Fox River matter as of December 31, 2014 was approximately $40 million as further discussed in Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies." The Company regularly re-evaluates the assumptions used in determining the appropriate reserve for the Fox River matter as additional information becomes available and, when warranted, makes appropriate adjustments. Income Taxes We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are anticipated to be settled or realized. 36 Table of Contents We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and establish a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The determination as to whether a deferred tax asset will be realized is made on a jurisdictional basis and is based on the evaluation of positive and negative evidence. This evidence includes historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversal of existing temporary differences and the implementation of tax planning strategies. Projected future taxable income is based on our expected results and assumptions as to the jurisdiction in which the income will be earned. The expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences is based on current tax law and our tax methods of accounting. If we are unable to generate sufficient future taxable income, or if there is a material change in the actual effective tax rates or the time period within which the underlying temporary differences become taxable or deductible, or if the tax laws change unfavorably, then we could be required to increase our valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, resulting in an increase in our effective tax rate. We had valuation allowances of $294 million as of December 31, 2014 and $364 million as of December 31, 2013, related to certain deferred income tax assets, primarily tax loss carryforwards, in jurisdictions where there is uncertainty as to the ultimate realization of a benefit from those tax assets. At December 31, 2014, our net deferred tax assets in the United States totaled approximately $456 million. We evaluated the realizability by weighing both positive and negative evidence, including our history of taxable income in the U.S., and the substantial length of time over which our deferred tax assets relating to net operating losses and employee pensions may be realized. Through this assessment, realization of the related benefits was determined to be more likely than not. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized as part of the provision for income taxes and are accrued beginning in the period that such interest and penalties would be applicable under relevant tax law until such time that the related tax benefits are recognized. The provision for income taxes may change period-to-period based on non-recurring events, such as the settlement of income tax audits and changes in tax laws, as well as recurring factors including the geographic mix of income before taxes, state and local taxes and the effects of various global income tax strategies. We maintain certain strategic management and operational activities in overseas subsidiaries and our foreign earnings are taxed at rates that are generally lower than in the United States. As of December 31, 2014, we did not provide for U.S. federal income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on approximately $2.1 billion of undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries as such earnings are expected to be reinvested indefinitely. Refer to Note 7, "Income Taxes," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for disclosures related to foreign and domestic pretax income, foreign and domestic income tax (benefit) expense and the effect foreign taxes have on our overall effective tax rate. Stock-based Compensation We measure compensation cost for stock awards at fair value and recognize compensation expense over the service period for which awards are expected to vest. We utilize the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of options at the date of grant, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected holding period. We estimate forfeitures for awards granted which are not expected to vest. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period in which estimates are revised. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards and historical experience. Actual results and future changes in estimates may differ from our current estimates. In addition, we have performance-based awards that vest only if specific performance conditions are satisfied, typically at the end of a multi-year performance period. The number of shares that will be earned can vary based on actual performance. No shares will vest if the objectives are not met, and in the event the objectives are exceeded, additional shares will vest up to a maximum amount. The cost of these awards is expensed over the performance period based upon management’s estimates of achievement against the performance criteria. Because the actual number of shares to be awarded is not known until the end of the performance period, the actual compensation expense related to these awards could differ from our current expectations. 37 Table of Contents RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS A discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements is described in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, and we incorporate by reference such discussion in this MD&A. Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Market Risk We are exposed to market risks primarily from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. It is our policy to manage our foreign exchange exposure and debt structure in order to manage capital costs, control financial risks and maintain financial flexibility over the long term. In managing market risks, we employ derivatives according to documented policies and procedures, including foreign currency contracts and interest rate swaps. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Foreign Exchange Risk Since a substantial portion of our operations and revenue occur outside the United States, and in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, our results can be significantly impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We have exposure to approximately 50 functional currencies and are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk with respect to our sales, profits and assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Although we use financial instruments to hedge certain foreign currency risks, we are not fully protected against foreign currency fluctuations and our reported results of operations could be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To manage our exposures and mitigate the impact of currency fluctuations on the operations of our foreign subsidiaries, we hedge our main transactional exposures through the use of foreign exchange forward and option contracts. These foreign exchange contracts are designated as highly effective cash flow hedges. This is primarily done through the hedging of foreign currency denominated inter-company inventory purchases by the marketing units. All of these transactions are forecasted. We also use derivatives not designated as hedging instruments consisting primarily of forward contracts to hedge foreign currency denominated balance sheet exposures. For these derivatives we recognize gains and losses in the same period as the remeasurement losses and gains of the related foreign currency-denominated exposures. We utilize non-exchange traded financial instruments, such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts, that we purchase exclusively from highly rated financial institutions. We record these contracts on our balance sheet at fair market value based upon market price quotations from the financial institutions. We do not enter into non-exchange traded contracts that require the use of fair value estimation techniques, but if we did, they could have a material impact on our financial results. For purposes of analyzing potential risk, we use sensitivity analysis to quantify potential impacts that market rate changes may have on the fair values of our hedge portfolio related to firmly committed or forecasted transactions. The sensitivity analysis represents the hypothetical changes in value of the hedge position and does not reflect the related gain or loss on the forecasted underlying transaction. A 10% appreciation or depreciation in the value of the U.S. Dollar against foreign currencies from the prevailing market rates would have resulted in a corresponding increase or decrease of $15 million as of December 31, 2014 in the fair value of the hedge portfolio. The Company expects that any increase or decrease in the fair value of the portfolio would be substantially offset by increases or decreases in the underlying exposures being hedged. The U.S. Dollar was slightly stronger in 2014 compared to 2013 based on comparable weighted averages for our functional currencies. This had an unfavorable impact of 2% on 2014 revenue versus 2013 revenue. This excludes the effects of our hedging activities and, therefore, does not reflect the actual impact of fluctuations in exchange rates on our operating income. Interest Rate Risk We are subject to interest rate risk principally in relation to variable-rate debt. We use derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to fluctuations in interest rates in connection with our risk management policies. We have entered into an interest rate swap for a portion of the term loans under our senior secured credit facility. The interest rate swap effectively converts the designated portion of the term loans from a variable interest rate to a fixed interest rate instrument. Approximately 73% of our borrowings were effectively on a fixed rate basis as of December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the net fair value of the interest rate swap was a liability of $6 million. 38 Table of Contents The potential gain in fair value of the swap from a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would be approximately $6 million as of December 31, 2014. The increase in pre-tax interest expense from a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in variable interest rates (including the impact of the interest rate swap) would be approximately $12 million in 2014. Concentrations of Credit Risk We are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk on accounts receivable and financial instruments, such as hedging instruments and cash and cash equivalents. Credit risk includes the risk of nonperformance by counterparties. The maximum potential loss may exceed the amount recognized on the balance sheet. Exposure to credit risk is managed through credit approvals, credit limits, selecting major international financial institutions (as counterparties to hedging transactions) and monitoring procedures. Our business often involves large transactions with customers for which we do not require collateral. If one or more of those customers were to default in its obligations under applicable contractual arrangements, we could be exposed to potentially significant losses. Moreover, a prolonged downturn in the global economy could have an adverse impact on the ability of our customers to pay their obligations on a timely basis. We believe that the reserves for potential losses are adequate. As of December 31, 2014, we did not have any significant concentration of credit risk related to financial instruments. 39 Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements and Supplemental Data Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Statements of Operations Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies Note 2. Restructuring Plan Note 3. Supplemental Financial Information Note 4. Business Combinations, Investments and Divestitures Note 5. Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets Note 6. Debt Obligations Note 7. Income Taxes Note 8. Stock Compensation Plans Note 9. Employee Benefit Plans Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies Note 11. Derivatives and Hedging Instruments Note 12. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Note 13. Segment Information and Concentrations Note 14. Discontinued Operations Note 15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (AOCI) Note 16. Guarantor Financial Statements Note 17. Quarterly Information Page 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 47 54 55 57 62 63 66 69 71 81 86 88 90 92 93 95 103 40 Table of Contents Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of NCR Corporation: In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of NCR Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Atlanta, Georgia February 27, 2015 41 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Consolidated Statements of Operations For the years ended December 31, (in millions, except per share amounts) Product revenue Service revenue Total revenue Cost of products Cost of services Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Restructuring-related charges Total operating expenses Income from operations Interest expense Other (expense), net Income from continuing operations before income taxes Income tax (benefit) expense Income from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income attributable to NCR Amounts attributable to NCR common stockholders: Income from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income Income per share attributable to NCR common stockholders: Income per common share from continuing operations Basic Diluted Net income per common share Basic Diluted Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic Diluted $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2014 2013 2012 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,892 3,699 6,591 2,153 2,706 1,012 263 104 6,238 353 (181) (35) 137 (48) 185 10 195 4 191 181 10 191 1.08 1.06 1.14 1.12 167.9 171.2 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,912 3,211 6,123 2,152 2,231 871 203 — 5,457 666 (103) (9) 554 98 456 (9) 447 4 443 452 (9) 443 2.73 2.67 2.68 2.62 165.4 169.3 2,854 2,876 5,730 2,144 1,941 742 155 — 4,982 748 (42) (8) 698 223 475 6 481 — 481 475 6 481 2.98 2.90 3.02 2.94 159.3 163.8 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. 42 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the years ended December 31 (in millions) Net income Other comprehensive income (loss): Currency translation adjustments Currency translation adjustments Derivatives Unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives Losses on derivatives arising during the period Less income tax (expense) benefit Securities Unrealized gain on securities Gains on securities arising during the period Less income tax benefit (expense) Employee benefit plans New prior service cost Amortization of prior service benefit Net gain arising during the period Amortization of actuarial loss Less income tax benefit (expense) Other comprehensive loss Total comprehensive income Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests: Net income Currency translation adjustments Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests 2014 2013 2012 $ 195 $ 447 $ 481 (76) (1) 4 (1) — (4) 1 (16) (20) 8 — 4 (101) 94 4 (3) 1 (53) 2 6 (3) 3 — (1) (5) (30) 82 8 (17) (8) 439 4 (7) (3) 442 $ (8) (14) 1 3 — — — (2) (17) — 14 1 (22) 459 — (4) (4) 463 Comprehensive income attributable to NCR common stockholders $ 93 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. 43 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Consolidated Balance Sheets As of December 31 (in millions except per share amounts) Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Accounts receivable, net Inventories Other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangibles, net Prepaid pension cost Deferred income taxes Other assets Total assets Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities Short-term borrowings Accounts payable Payroll and benefits liabilities Deferred service revenue and customer deposits Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-term debt Pension and indemnity plan liabilities Postretirement and postemployment benefits liabilities Income tax accruals Environmental liabilities Other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10) Redeemable noncontrolling interest Stockholders’ equity NCR stockholders’ equity Preferred stock: par value $0.01 per share, 100.0 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 Common stock: par value $0.01 per share, 500.0 shares authorized, 168.6 and 166.6 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively Paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total NCR stockholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 2014 2013 511 — 1,404 669 504 3,088 396 2,760 926 551 349 537 8,607 187 712 196 494 481 2,070 3,472 705 170 181 44 67 6,709 15 — 2 442 1,563 (136) 1,871 12 1,883 8,607 $ $ $ $ 528 1,114 1,339 790 568 4,339 352 1,534 494 478 441 470 8,108 34 670 191 525 461 1,881 3,320 532 169 189 121 99 6,311 14 — 2 433 1,372 (38) 1,769 14 1,783 8,108 $ $ $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. 44 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the years ended December 31 (in millions) Operating activities Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 2014 2013 2012 $ 195 $ 447 $ (Income) loss from discontinued operations Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation expense Deferred income taxes Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment and other assets Impairment of long-lived and other assets Changes in assets and liabilities: Receivables Inventories Current payables and accrued expenses Deferred service revenue and customer deposits Employee benefit plans Other assets and liabilities Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Investing activities Expenditures for property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment Additions to capitalized software Business acquisitions, net Changes in restricted cash Other investing activities, net Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities Short term borrowings, net Payments on term credit facilities Borrowings on term credit facilities Payments on revolving credit facilities Borrowings on revolving credit facilities Proceeds from bond offerings Debt issuance costs Tax withholding payments on behalf of employees Proceeds from employee stock plans Purchase of noncontrolling interest Other financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities Cash flows from discontinued operations Net cash used in operating activities Net cash provided by investing activities Net cash used in discontinued operations Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at end of period Supplemental data Cash paid during the year for: Income taxes Interest (10) 284 31 (125) (5) 16 (30) 121 35 (34) 105 (59) 524 (118) 1 (140) (1,647) 1,114 2 (788) — (37) 250 (1,050) 1,146 — (5) (28) 13 — (5) 284 (1) — (1) (36) (17) 528 511 75 170 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 208 41 3 (14) — (136) 10 21 36 (397) 53 281 (116) 10 (110) (780) (1,114) 5 (2,105) (1) (35) 329 (1,009) 1,009 1,100 (36) (30) 57 (24) (3) 1,357 (52) — (52) (22) (541) 1,069 528 70 71 $ $ $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. 45 481 (6) 166 49 144 (10) 7 (53) (42) 86 31 (994) (39) (180) (80) 8 (80) (108) — 4 (256) — — 150 (860) 720 1,100 (19) (12) 53 — (1) 1,131 (114) 99 (15) (9) 671 398 1,069 32 15 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity in millions December 31, 2011 Comprehensive income (loss): Net income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) Total comprehensive income (loss) Employee stock purchase and stock compensation plans Dividend distribution to minority shareholder December 31, 2012 Comprehensive income (loss): Net income (loss) Other comprehensive (loss) income: Total comprehensive (loss) income Employee stock purchase and stock compensation plans Purchase of subsidiary shares from minority interest Acquisition of noncontrolling interests Dividend distribution to minority shareholder December 31, 2013 Comprehensive income (loss): Net income (loss) Other comprehensive (loss) income: Total comprehensive income (loss) Employee stock purchase and stock compensation plans Dividend distribution to minority shareholder December 31, 2014 NCR Stockholders Common Stock Shares Amount Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Non- Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries Total 158 $ 2 $ 287 $ 448 $ (19) $ 35 $ 753 — — — 5 — 163 — — — 4 — — — 167 — — — 2 — 169 $ $ $ — — — — — 2 — — — — — — — 2 — — — — — 2 $ $ $ — — — 71 — 358 — — — 83 (8) — — 433 — — — 9 — 442 $ $ 481 — 481 — — 929 443 — 443 — — — — (18) (18) — — (37) $ — (1) (1) — — — — 1,372 $ $ — (38) $ 191 — 191 — — 1,563 $ $ — (98) (98) — — (136) $ — (4) (4) — (1) 30 3 (5) (2) — (20) 9 (3) 14 1 (1) — — (2) 12 $ 481 (22) 459 71 (1) 1,282 446 (6) 440 83 (28) 9 (3) 1,783 $ 192 (99) 93 9 (2) 1,883 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. 46 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business NCR Corporation (NCR or the Company, also referred to as “we,” “us” or “our”) and its subsidiaries provide innovative products and services that are designed to enable NCR’s customers to connect, interact and transact with their customers and enhance their customer relationships by addressing consumer demand for convenience, value and individual service. NCR’s portfolio of self-service and assisted-service solutions serve a range of customers in the financial services, retail, hospitality, travel and telecommunications and technology industries and include automated teller machines (ATMs) and ATM and financial services software, point of sale (POS) devices and POS software, self-service kiosks and software applications that can be used by consumers to enable them to interact with businesses from their computer or mobile device. NCR complements these product solutions by offering a complete portfolio of services to support both NCR and third party solutions. NCR also resells third-party networking products and provides related service offerings in the telecommunications and technology sector. NCR’s solutions are built on a foundation of long-established industry knowledge and consulting expertise, value-added software and hardware technology, global customer support services, and a complete line of business consumables and specialty media products. On January 10, 2014, the Company completed its acquisition of Digital Insight Corporation (Digital Insight). As a result of the acquisition, the results of Digital Insight are included for the period from January 10, 2014 to December 31, 2014. See Note 4, "Business Combinations and Divestitures," for additional information. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (otherwise known as GAAP) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Out of Period Adjustments During the third quarter of 2014, the Company recorded $5 million in income tax expense related to an error in the calculation of foreign income taxable in the United States for 2013. The Company determined the impact of this error was not material to the previously filed annual or interim financial statements and the effect of correcting this error was not material to the 2014 annual or interim financial statements. During the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company recorded a $15 million income tax benefit related to the release of a valuation allowance on specific deferred tax assets in NCR’s subsidiary in Japan that should have been released in a prior period. The Company determined the impact of this error was not material to the annual or interim financial statements of previous periods and the effect of correcting this error was not material to the 2013 annual financial statements. During the third quarter of 2012, the Company recorded a $5 million income tax benefit related to an error in the calculation of the interest portion included in income tax expense for 2011 and 2010. The Company determined the impact of this error was not material to the annual or interim financial statements of previous periods and the effect of correcting this error was not material to the 2012 annual or interim financial statements. Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NCR and its majority-owned subsidiaries. Long-term investments in affiliated companies in which NCR owns between 20% and 50%, and therefore, exercises significant influence, but which it does not control, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which NCR does not exercise significant influence (generally, when NCR has an investment of less than 20% and no significant influence, such as representation on the investee’s board of directors) are accounted for using the cost method. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated. In addition, the Company is required to determine whether it is the primary beneficiary of economic income or losses that may be generated by variable interest entities in which the Company has such an interest. In circumstances where the Company determined it is the primary beneficiary, consolidation of that entity would be required. For the periods presented, no variable interest entities have been consolidated. Reclassifications Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in order to conform to the current period presentation. Revenue Recognition The Company records revenue, net of taxes, when it is realized, or realizable, and earned. The Company considers these criteria met when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the products or services have been provided to 47 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) the customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. For product sales, delivery is deemed to have occurred when the customer has assumed risk of loss of the goods sold and all performance obligations are complete. For services sales, revenue is recognized as the services are provided or ratably over the service period, or, if applicable, after customer acceptance of the services. NCR frequently enters into multiple-element arrangements with its customers including hardware, software, professional consulting services, transaction services and maintenance support services. For arrangements involving multiple deliverables, when deliverables include software and non-software products and services, NCR evaluates and separates each deliverable to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting based on the following criteria: (a) whether the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis; and (b) if the contract includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, whether delivery or performance of the undelivered items is considered probable and substantially in the control of NCR. Consideration is allocated to each unit of accounting based on the units' relative selling prices. In such circumstances, the Company uses a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to each deliverable: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (VSOE); (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (TPE); and (iii) best estimate of selling price (BESP). VSOE generally exists only when the Company sells the deliverable separately and is the price actually charged by the Company for that deliverable. VSOE is established for our software maintenance services and we use TPE to establish selling prices for our non-software related services, which include hardware maintenance, non-software related professional services, and transaction services. The Company uses BESP to allocate revenue when we are unable to establish VSOE or TPE of selling price. BESP is primarily used for elements such as products that are not consistently priced within a narrow range. The Company determines BESP for a deliverable by considering multiple factors including product class, geography, average discount, and management's historical pricing practices. Amounts allocated to the delivered hardware and software elements are recognized at the time of sale, provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Amounts allocated to the undelivered maintenance and other services elements are recognized as the services are provided or on a straight-line basis over the service period. In certain instances, customer acceptance is required prior to the passage of title and risk of loss of the delivered products. In such cases, revenue is not recognized until the customer acceptance is obtained. Delivery and acceptance generally occur in the same reporting period. In situations where NCR's solutions contain software that is more than incidental, revenue related to the software and software- related elements is recognized in accordance with authoritative guidance on software revenue recognition. For the software and software-related elements of such transactions, revenue is allocated based on the relative fair value of each element, and fair value is determined by VSOE. If the Company cannot objectively determine the fair value of any undelivered element included in such multiple-element arrangements, the Company defers revenue until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, or until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements. When the fair value of a delivered element has not been established, but fair value evidence exists for the undelivered elements, the Company uses the residual method to recognize revenue. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and is recognized as revenue. For certain of NCR’s long-term contracts, the Company utilizes a percentage-of-completion accounting method, which requires estimates of future revenues and costs over the full term of product and/or service delivery. Estimated losses, if any, on long-term projects are recognized as soon as such losses become known. NCR's customers may request that delivery and passage of title and risk of loss occur on a bill and hold basis. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, the revenue recognized from bill and hold transactions approximated 1% or less of total revenue. In addition to the standard product warranty, the Company periodically offers extended warranties to its customers in the form of product maintenance services. For contracts that are not separately priced but include product maintenance, the Company defers revenue at an amount based on the selling price, using objective and reliable evidence, and recognizes the deferred revenue over the service term. For separately priced product maintenance contracts, NCR defers the stated amount of the separately priced contract and recognizes the deferred revenue ratably over the service term. Warranty and Sales Returns Provisions for product warranties and sales returns and allowances are recorded in the period in which NCR becomes obligated to honor the related right, which generally is the period in which the related product revenue is recognized. The Company accrues warranty reserves based upon historical factors such as labor rates, average repair time, travel time, number of service calls per machine and cost of replacement parts. When a sale is consummated, a warranty reserve is recorded based upon the estimated cost to provide the service over the warranty period. The Company accrues sales returns and allowances using percentages of revenue to reflect the Company’s historical average of sales return claims. 48 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Research and Development Costs Research and development costs primarily include payroll and benefit-related costs, contractor fees, facilities costs, infrastructure costs, and administrative expenses directly related to research and development support and are expensed as incurred, except certain software development costs are capitalized after technological feasibility of the software is established. Advertising Advertising costs are recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses when incurred. Shipping and Handling Costs related to shipping and handling are included in cost of products in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock Compensation Stock-based compensation represents the costs related to share-based awards granted to employees and non-employee directors. For all periods presented, the Company’s outstanding stock-based compensation awards are classified as equity except for certain awards granted to non-employee directors. The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognizes the cost over the requisite service period. See Note 8 "Stock Compensation Plans" for further information on NCR’s stock-based compensation plans. Income Taxes Income tax expense is provided based on income before income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for tax purposes. These deferred taxes are determined based on the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the deferred assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. NCR records valuation allowances related to its deferred income tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by authorities. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized as part of the provision for income taxes and are accrued beginning in the period that such interest and penalties would be applicable under relevant tax law and until such time that the related tax benefits are recognized. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the reported period. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per share, except that the weighted average number of shares outstanding includes the dilution from potential shares resulting from stock options and restricted stock awards. When calculating diluted earnings per share, the Company includes the potential windfall or shortfall tax benefits as well as average unrecognized compensation expense as part of the assumed proceeds from exercises of stock options. The Company uses the tax law ordering approach to determine the potential utilization of windfall benefits. The holders of unvested restricted stock awards do not have nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents and therefore, such unvested awards do not qualify as participating securities. See Note 8, "Stock Compensation Plans," for share information on NCR’s stock compensation plans. 49 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The components of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to NCR common stockholders are as follows for the years ended December 31: In millions, except per share amounts Income from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income attributable to NCR common stockholders Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock Dilutive effect of employee stock options and restricted stock Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding Basic earnings (loss) per share: From continuing operations From discontinued operations Total basic earnings (loss) per share Diluted earnings (loss) per share: From continuing operations From discontinued operations Total diluted earnings (loss) per share 2014 2013 2012 $ $ $ $ $ $ 181 10 191 167.9 3.3 171.2 1.08 0.06 1.14 1.06 0.06 1.12 $ $ $ $ $ $ 452 (9) 443 $ $ 165.4 3.9 169.3 2.73 (0.05) 2.68 2.67 (0.05) 2.62 $ $ $ $ 475 6 481 159.3 4.5 163.8 2.98 0.04 3.02 2.90 0.04 2.94 For 2014 and 2013, there were no anti-dilutive options. For 2012, outstanding options to purchase approximately 1.2 million shares of common stock were not included in the diluted share count because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the underlying common shares and, therefore, the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Cash and Cash Equivalents All short-term, highly liquid investments having original maturities to the Company of three months or less, including time deposits, are considered to be cash equivalents. Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists of deposits that are contractually restricted as to their withdrawal or use. Refer to Note 6, "Debt Obligations," for further discussion. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts NCR establishes provisions for doubtful accounts using percentages of accounts receivable balances to reflect historical average credit losses and specific provisions for known issues. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, using the average cost method. Cost includes materials, labor and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. Service parts are included in inventories and include reworkable and non-reworkable service parts. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with suppliers and the estimated utility of inventory. If the review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value, inventory is reduced to a new cost basis. Excess and obsolete write-offs are established based on forecasted usage, orders, technological obsolescence and inventory aging. Capitalized Software Certain direct development costs associated with internal-use software are capitalized within other assets and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the resulting software. NCR typically amortizes capitalized internal-use software on a straight-line basis over four to seven years beginning when the asset is substantially ready for use, as this is considered to approximate the usage pattern of the software. When it becomes probable that internal-use software being developed will not be completed or placed into service, the internal-use software is reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value. Costs incurred for the development of software that will be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are capitalized when technological feasibility has been established. These costs are included within other assets and are amortized on a sum-of-the-years' digits or straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from three to five years, using the method that most closely approximates the sales pattern of the software. Amortization begins when the product is available for general release. Costs capitalized include direct labor and related overhead costs. Costs incurred prior to technological feasibility or after general release are expensed as incurred. NCR performs periodic reviews to ensure that unamortized program costs remain recoverable from future revenue. If future revenues do not support the unamortized program costs, the amount by which the unamortized capitalized cost of a software product exceeds the net realizable value is written off. 50 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The following table identifies the activity relating to total capitalized software: In millions Beginning balance as of January 1 Capitalization Amortization Impairment Ending balance as of December 31 2014 2013 2012 193 $ 142 $ 140 (69) (7) 257 110 (59) — $ 193 $ 118 80 (56) — 142 $ $ Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter or more frequently if certain events occur indicating that the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include a decline in expected cash flows, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, a decision to sell a business, unanticipated competition, or slower growth rates, among others. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. Under the qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If under the quantitative assessment the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the amount of the impairment loss, if any, must be measured under step two of the impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we will record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value should such a circumstance arise. Fair values of the reporting units are estimated primarily using the income approach, which incorporates the use of discounted cash flow (DCF) analyses. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including markets and market shares, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce, tax rates, capital spending, discount rate and working capital changes. Most of these assumptions vary among reporting units. The cash flow forecasts are generally based on approved strategic operating plans. During the fourth quarter of each year presented, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill which did not indicate that an impairment existed. Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their weighted average amortization period unless they are determined to be indefinite. Acquired intangible assets are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. For intangible assets purchased in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish the carrying value. The fair value of acquired intangible assets is determined using common techniques, and the Company employs assumptions developed using the perspective of a market participant. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the related assets primarily on a straight-line basis. Machinery and other equipment are depreciated over 3 to 20 years and buildings over 25 to 45 years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the life of the lease or the asset, whichever is shorter. Assets classified as held for sale are not depreciated. Upon retirement or disposition of property, plant and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the Company’s accounts, and a gain or loss is recorded. Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $83 million, $68 million, and $64 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable or in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. For assets held and used, this analysis consists of comparing the asset’s carrying value to the expected future cash flows to be generated from the asset on an undiscounted basis. If the carrying amount of the asset is determined not to be recoverable, a write-down to fair value is recorded. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows, or external appraisals, as applicable. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment at the individual asset or the asset group level for which the lowest level of independent cash flows can be identified. 51 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Pension, Postretirement and Postemployment Benefits NCR has significant pension, postretirement and postemployment benefit costs, which are developed from actuarial valuations. Actuarial assumptions are established to anticipate future events and are used in calculating the expense and liabilities relating to these plans. These factors include assumptions the Company makes about interest rates, expected investment return on plan assets, rate of increase in healthcare costs, total and involuntary turnover rates, and rates of future compensation increases. In addition, NCR also uses subjective factors, such as withdrawal rates and mortality rates to develop the Company’s valuations. NCR generally reviews and updates these assumptions on an annual basis. NCR is required to consider current market conditions, including changes in interest rates, in making these assumptions. The actuarial assumptions that NCR uses may differ materially from actual results due to changing market and economic conditions, higher or lower withdrawal rates, or longer or shorter life spans of participants. These differences may result in a significant impact to the amount of pension, postretirement or postemployment benefits expense, and the related assets and liabilities, the Company has recorded or may record. Environmental and Legal Contingencies In the normal course of business, NCR is subject to various proceedings, lawsuits, claims and other matters, including, for example, those that relate to the environment and health and safety, labor and employment, employee benefits, import/export compliance, intellectual property, data privacy and security, product liability, commercial disputes and regulatory compliance, among others. Additionally, NCR is subject to diverse and complex laws, regulations, and standards including those relating to corporate governance, public disclosure and reporting, environmental safety and the discharge of materials into the environment, product safety, import and export compliance, data privacy and security, antitrust and competition, government contracting, anti-corruption, and labor and human resources, which are rapidly changing and subject to many possible changes in the future. Compliance with these laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards, taxation requirements, and federal securities laws among others, may create a substantial burden on, and substantially increase the costs to NCR or could have an impact on NCR’s future operating results. NCR believes that the amounts provided in its Consolidated Financial Statements are adequate in light of the probable and estimable liabilities. However, there can be no assurances that the actual amounts required to satisfy alleged liabilities from various lawsuits, claims, legal proceedings and other matters, including the Fox River and Kalamazoo River environmental matters discussed in Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," and to comply with applicable laws and regulations, will not exceed the amounts reflected in NCR’s Consolidated Financial Statements or will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. Any costs that may be incurred in excess of those amounts provided as of December 31, 2014 cannot currently be reasonably determined or are not currently considered probable. Legal fees and expenses related to loss contingencies are typically expensed as incurred, except for certain costs associated with NCR’s environmental remediation obligations. Costs and fees associated with litigating the extent and type of required remedial actions and the allocation of remediation costs among potentially responsible parties are typically included in the measurement of the environmental remediation liabilities. Leases The Company accounts for material escalation clauses, free or reduced rents and landlord incentives contained in operating type leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term, including any reasonably assured lease renewals. For leasehold improvements that are funded by the landlord, the Company records the incentive as deferred rent. The deferred rent is then amortized as reductions to lease expense over the lease term. For capital leases where NCR is the lessee, we record an amortizable debt and a related fixed asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Foreign Currency For many NCR international operations, the local currency is designated as the functional currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars at year-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Currency translation adjustments from local functional currency countries resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates are recorded in other comprehensive income. Where the U.S. Dollar is the functional currency, remeasurement adjustments are recorded in other (expense), net. Derivative Instruments In the normal course of business, NCR enters into various financial instruments, including derivative financial instruments. The Company accounts for derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and recognizes the resulting gains or losses as adjustments to earnings or other comprehensive income. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Hedging activities are transacted only with highly rated institutions, reducing exposure to credit risk in the event of nonperformance. Additionally, the Company completes assessments related to the risk of counterparty nonperformance on a regular basis. The accounting for changes in fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship, and further, on the type of hedging relationship. For those derivative instruments that are designated 52 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) and qualify as hedging instruments, the Company has designated the hedging instrument, based on the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, the effective portion of the hedge is recorded as an offset to the change in the fair value of the hedged item, and the ineffective portion of the hedge, if any, is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges and determined to be highly effective, the gains or losses are deferred in other comprehensive income and recognized in the determination of income as adjustments of carrying amounts when the underlying hedged transaction is realized, canceled or otherwise terminated. When hedging certain foreign currency transactions of a long-term investment nature (net investments in foreign operations) gains and losses are recorded in the currency translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts that are not used to hedge currency transactions of a long-term investment nature, or that are not designated as cash flow or fair value hedges, are recognized in other (expense), net as exchange rates change. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing an amount that would be received to sell an asset or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the guidance prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into the following three-tier fair value hierarchy: • Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities • Level 2: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly • Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data Assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes to the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain securities within the fair value hierarchy. NCR measures its financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value based on one or more of the following three valuation techniques: • Market approach: Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. • Cost approach: Amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). • Income approach: Techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based upon market expectations (including present value techniques, option pricing and excess earnings models). We regularly review our investments to determine whether a decline in fair value, if any, below the cost basis is other than temporary. If the decline in the fair value is determined to be other than temporary, the cost basis of the security is written down to fair value and the amount of the write-down is included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. For qualifying investments in debt or equity securities, a temporary impairment charge would be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests In 2011, we sold a 49% voting equity interest in NCR Brasil - Indústria de Equipamentos para Automação S.A., a subsidiary of the Company (NCR Manaus) to Scopus Tecnologia Ltda. (Scopus) for a subscription price of approximately $43 million. In the event NCR Manaus does not meet a defined financial performance goal during the five year period ending in 2016, Scopus may elect to put its noncontrolling interest to us for its then-current fair value. Related Party Transactions In 2011, concurrent with the sale of a noncontrolling interest in NCR Manaus to Scopus, we entered into a Master Purchase Agreement (MPA) with Banco Bradesco SA (Bradesco), the parent of Scopus. Through the MPA, Bradesco agreed to purchase up to 30,000 ATMs from us over the 5 year term of the agreement. Pricing of the ATMs will adjust over the term of the MPA using certain formulas which are based on prevailing market pricing. We recognized $87 million, $124 million and $145 million in revenue related to Bradesco for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and we had $15 million and $9 million in receivables outstanding from Bradesco as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. 53 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued changes to the accounting for obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements. These changes require an entity to measure those joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date. The total amount of the obligation is determined as the sum of (i) the amount the reporting entity agreed to pay on the basis of its arrangement with its co-obligors, and (ii) any additional amount the reporting entity expects to pay on behalf of its co-obligors. The guidance also requires an entity to disclose the nature and amount of the obligation as well as other information about the obligation. Examples of obligations subject to these requirements include debt arrangements, settled litigation and judicial rulings. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The implementation of the amended accounting guidance on January 1, 2014 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. In March 2013, the FASB issued amendments to address the accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. The amendments are effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The initial adoption on January 1, 2014 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. Issued In April 2014, the FASB issued changes to the criteria for determining which disposals are required to be presented as discontinued operations. The changes require a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when any of the following occurs: (i) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, (ii) the component of an entity or group or components of an entity is disposed of by sale, or (iii) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments apply on a prospective basis to disposals of components of an entity that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014 and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. The implementation of the amended accounting guidance on January 1, 2015 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued a new revenue recognition standard, superseding previous revenue recognition guidance. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with no early adoption permitted, and can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company is evaluating the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In August 2014, the FASB issued new guidance related to disclosures around going concern, including management's responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related disclosures when conditions or events raise substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The impact of adopting this guidance on January 1, 2017 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 2. RESTRUCTURING PLAN In July 2014, we announced a restructuring plan to strategically reallocate resources so that we can focus on higher-growth, higher- margin opportunities in the software-driven consumer transaction technologies industry. The program is centered on ensuring that our people and processes are aligned with our continued transformation and includes: rationalizing our product portfolio to eliminate overlap and redundancy; taking steps to end-of-life older commodity product lines that are costly to maintain and provide low margins; moving lower productivity services positions to our new centers of excellence due to the positive impact of services 54 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) innovation; and reducing layers of management and organizing around divisions to improve decision-making, accountability and strategic execution. In the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded a total charge of $161 million. Of the total charge, the Company recorded $56 million for inventory-related charges of which $9 million is included in cost of products and $47 million is included in cost of services; $86 million for severance and other employee related costs which is included in restructuring-related charges; $16 million for asset-related charges of which $13 million is included in restructuring-related charges and $3 million is included in other (expense), net; and $5 million for other exit costs which is included in restructuring-related charges offset by $2 million in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. The Company expects to achieve related annual savings of approximately $105 million in 2016. As a result of the restructuring plan, NCR expects to incur a total charge of approximately $200 million to $225 million and total cash payments of $100 million to $115 million through 2015. These estimates include severance, inventory- related, asset-related and other exit charges. Severance and other employee related costs Of the $86 million recorded, $73 million was recorded as a discrete cost in accordance with ASC 712, Employers’ Accounting for Postemployment Benefits, when the severance liability was determined to be probable and reasonably estimable. The remaining $13 million of employee related costs was recorded in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. The Company made $18 million and $6 million in severance-related payments under ASC 712 and ASC 420, respectively, related to the restructuring plan in the year ended December 31, 2014. Inventory-related charges The Company recorded $56 million of inventory-related charges for rationalizing its product portfolio to eliminate overlap and redundancy and end-of-lifeing older commodity product lines that are costly to maintain and provide low margins. Asset-related charges The Company recorded $16 million for asset-related charges, which includes the write-off of certain internal and external use capitalized software for projects that have been abandoned, an impairment of goodwill related to assets held for sale and an other than temporary impairment of an investment that are no longer considered strategic. See Note 5, "Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets" and Note 12, “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities,” for additional information. Other exit costs The Company recorded and paid $5 million for lease and other contract termination costs. The results by segment, as disclosed in Note 13, "Segment Information and Concentrations," exclude the impact of these costs, which is consistent with the manner by which management assesses the performance and evaluates the results of each segment. The following table summarizes the costs recorded in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, and ASC 712, Employers’ Accounting for Postemployment Benefits, and the remaining liabilities as of December 31, 2014, which are included in the consolidated balance sheet in other current liabilities. In millions Employee Severance and Other Exit Costs Beginning balance as of January 1 Cost recognized during the period Utilization Foreign currency translation adjustments Ending balance as of December 31 2014 $— 91 (29) (2) $60 55 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) 3. SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION The components of other (expense), net are summarized as follows for the years ended December 31: In millions Other (expense), net Interest income Foreign currency fluctuations and foreign exchange contracts Impairment of an investment Gain on sale of available for sale securities Other, net Total other (expense), net The components of accounts receivable are summarized as follows: In millions Accounts receivable Trade Other Accounts receivable, gross Less: allowance for doubtful accounts Total accounts receivable, net The components of inventory are summarized as follows: In millions Inventories Work in process and raw materials Finished goods Service parts Total inventories The components of other current assets are summarized as follows: In millions Other current assets Current deferred tax assets Other Total other current assets The components of property, plant and equipment are summarized as follows: In millions Property, plant and equipment Land and improvements Buildings and improvements Machinery and other equipment Property, plant and equipment, gross Less: accumulated depreciation Total property, plant and equipment, net 56 2014 2013 2012 $ $ $ 6 (32) (3) 4 (10) (35) $ $ 6 (13) — — (2) (9) $ 6 (2) (7) — (5) (8) December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 $ $ 1,382 41 1,423 (19) 1,404 $ $ 1,318 39 1,357 (18) 1,339 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 $ $ 132 148 389 669 $ $ 135 202 453 790 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 $ $ 264 240 504 $ $ 262 306 568 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 $ $ 32 $ 230 715 977 (581) 396 $ 40 237 722 999 (647) 352 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) 4. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND DIVESTITURES 2014 Acquisitions Acquisition of Digital Insight Corporation On January 10, 2014, NCR completed its acquisition of Digital Insight Corporation, for which it paid an aggregate purchase price of $1,648 million, which includes $5 million that was withheld by the Company as a source of recovery for possible claims pursuant to the acquisition agreement and was paid to the sellers in the third quarter of 2014 pursuant to the terms of such agreement. The purchase price was paid from the net proceeds of the December 2013 offer and sale of NCR's 5.875% and 6.375% senior unsecured notes and borrowings under NCR's senior secured credit facility. As a result of the acquisition, Digital Insight became a wholly owned subsidiary of NCR. Digital Insight is a leading U.S. based provider of cloud-based customer-facing digital banking software to domestic financial institutions. The acquisition is consistent with NCR's continued transformation to a software-driven, hardware-enabled business. Digital Insight complements and extends our existing capabilities in the banking industry to form a complete enterprise software platform across both physical and digital channels - mobile, online, branch, and ATM. Recording of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed The fair value of consideration transferred to acquire Digital Insight was allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair market values as of the date of the acquisition as set forth below. This allocation is final as of December 31, 2014. The allocation of the purchase price for Digital Insight is as follows: In millions Tangible assets acquired Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill Acquired goodwill Deferred tax liabilities Liabilities assumed Total purchase consideration Fair Value $73 559 1,243 (190) (37) $1,648 Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists of the revenue synergies expected from combining the operations of NCR and Digital Insight. It is expected that none of the goodwill recognized in connection with the acquisition will be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill arising from the acquisition has been allocated to our Financial Services segment. Refer to Note 5, "Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets" for the carrying amounts of goodwill by segment as of December 31, 2014. The intangible assets acquired in the acquisition include the following: Estimated Fair Value (In millions) Weighted Average Amortization Period(1) (years) Direct customer relationships Technology - Software Customer contracts Tradenames Total acquired intangible assets $ $ 336 121 89 13 559 18 5 8 7 13 (1) Determination of the weighted average amortization period of the individual categories of intangible assets was based on the nature of the applicable intangible asset and the expected future cash flows to be derived from the intangible asset. Amortization of intangible assets with definite lives is recognized over the period of time the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. The Company has incurred a total of $15 million of transaction expenses relating to the acquisition, of which $8 million and $7 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations for the 57 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. See Note 13, “Segment Information and Concentrations” for additional information regarding revenues and operating income related to Digital Insight for the year ended December 31, 2014. Unaudited Pro forma Information The following unaudited pro forma information presents the consolidated results of NCR and Digital Insight for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. The unaudited pro forma information is presented for illustrative purposes only. It is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations of future periods, or the results of operations that actually would have been realized had the entities been a single company during the periods presented or the results that the combined company will experience after the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma information does not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, regulatory matters or any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may be associated with the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma information also does not include any integration costs or remaining future transaction costs that the companies may incur related to the acquisition as part of combining the operations of the companies. The unaudited pro forma financial information for the year ended December 31, 2014 combines the results of NCR for the year ended December 31, 2014, which include the results of Digital Insight subsequent to January 10, 2014 (the acquisition date) and the historical results for Digital Insight for the 10 days preceding the acquisition date. The unaudited financial information for the year ended December 31, 2013 combines the historical results for NCR for the year ended December 31, 2013 with the historical results for Digital Insight for the twelve months ended October 31, 2013, as, prior to the acquisition, Digital Insight had a July 31 fiscal year end. The unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations, assuming the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2013, are as follows: In millions Revenue Net income attributable to NCR For the year ended December 31 2014 2013 $ $ 6,599 175 $ $ 6,450 382 The unaudited pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2014 include: • $8 million, net of tax, in eliminated transaction costs as if those costs had been recognized in the prior-year period. The unaudited pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2013 include: • • • $15 million, net of tax, in additional amortization expense for acquired intangible assets; $53 million, net of tax, in interest expense from NCR's 5.875% and 6.375% senior unsecured notes and incremental borrowings under NCR's senior secured credit facility and incremental credit facility, and; $6 million, net of tax, in transaction costs. 2013 Acquisitions Following is a brief description of the Company's noteworthy acquisitions completed during the 2013 fiscal year: Acquisition of Retalix Ltd. On February 6, 2013, NCR completed the acquisition of Retalix Ltd. (Retalix), for which it paid an aggregate cash purchase price of $791 million which includes $3 million to be recognized as compensation expense within selling, general and administrative expenses over a period of approximately three years from the acquisition date. The purchase price was paid from the net proceeds of the December 2012 offer and sale of NCR's 4.625% senior unsecured notes and borrowings under NCR's senior secured credit facility. As a result of the acquisition, Retalix became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of NCR. Retalix is a leading global provider of innovative retail software. The acquisition is consistent with NCR's continued transformation to a hardware-enabled, software-driven business. Retalix's strength with blue-chip retailers is highly complementary and provides additional sales opportunities across the combined installed base. Recording of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed The fair value of consideration transferred to acquire Retalix was allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair market values as of the date of the acquisition as set forth below. This allocation was final as of December 31, 2013. 58 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The allocation of the purchase price for Retalix was as follows: In millions Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Other tangible assets Acquired goodwill Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill Deferred tax liabilities Liabilities assumed Total purchase consideration Fair Value 127 107 56 461 205 (52) (116) 788 $ $ Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists of the margin and cost synergies expected from combining the operations of NCR and Retalix. It is expected that approximately $35 million of the goodwill recognized in connection with the acquisition will be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill arising from the acquisition has been allocated to the Retail Solutions segment. Refer to Note 5, "Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets" for the carrying amounts of goodwill by segment. The intangible assets acquired in the acquisition include the following: Direct customer relationships Technology - Software Trademarks Total acquired intangible assets $ $ 121 74 10 205 20 5 6 14 Estimated Fair Value (In millions) Weighted Average Amortization Period(1) (years) (1) Determination of the weighted average amortization period of the individual categories of intangible assets was based on the nature of the applicable intangible asset and the expected future cash flows to be derived from the intangible asset. Amortization of intangible assets with definite lives is recognized over the period of time the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. The Company incurred a total of $9 million of transaction expenses relating to the acquisition, of which $6 million and $3 million are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. See Note 13, “Segment Information and Concentrations” for additional information regarding revenues and operating income related to Retalix for the year ended December 31, 2013. Unaudited Pro forma Information The following unaudited pro forma information presents the consolidated results of NCR and Retalix for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. The unaudited pro forma information is presented for illustrative purposes only. It is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations of future periods, or the results of operations that actually would have been realized had the entities been a single company during the periods presented or the results that the combined company will experience after the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma information does not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, regulatory matters or any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may be associated with the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma information also does not include any integration costs or remaining future transaction costs that the companies may incur related to the acquisition as part of combining the operations of the companies. 59 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations, assuming the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012, are as follows: In millions Revenue Net income attributable to NCR For the year ended December 31 2013 2012 $ $ 6,156 447 $ $ 5,992 443 The unaudited pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2013 include: • • • $13 million in additional revenue associated with deferred revenue acquired, assuming the deferred revenue was acquired on January 1, 2012, $2 million, net of tax, in additional amortization expense for acquired intangible assets and $5 million, net of tax, in eliminated transaction costs as if those costs had been recognized in the prior-year period. The unaudited pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2012 include: • • • • $16 million in reduced revenue associated with deferred revenue acquired, $15 million, net of tax, in additional amortization expense for acquired intangible assets, $20 million, net of tax, in interest expense from the 4.625% senior unsecured notes and senior secured credit facility, and $5 million, net of tax, in transaction costs. Acquisition of Alaric Systems Limited On December 2, 2013, the Company acquired all of the outstanding share capital of Alaric Systems Limited (Alaric Systems) in exchange for approximately $84 million, plus related acquisition costs. Alaric Systems is a provider of secure transaction switching and fraud prevention software. Goodwill recognized related to this acquisition was $55 million, of which it is expected that zero will be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill and their results from the date of acquisition has been reported within our Financial Services segment. As a result of the Alaric Systems acquisition, NCR recorded $37 million related to identifiable intangible assets consisting primarily of proprietary technology and customer relationships, which have a weighted-average amortization period of 8 years. Supplemental pro forma information and actual revenue and earnings since the acquisition date have not been provided as this acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Other Acquisitions During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company completed five additional acquisitions for aggregate purchase consideration of approximately $38 million, plus related acquisition costs. Approximately $6 million was withheld by the Company as a source of recovery for possible claims under the related acquisition agreements and will be paid to the respective sellers pursuant to the terms of such agreements. Goodwill recognized related to these acquisitions was $23 million, of which it is expected that $19 million will be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill arising from these acquisitions has been allocated to the Hospitality segment. As a result of these five additional acquisitions, NCR recorded $14 million related to identifiable intangible assets consisting primarily of customer relationships, which have a weighted-average amortization period of 3 years. Supplemental pro forma information and actual revenue and earnings since the acquisition dates have not been provided as these acquisitions did not have a material impact, individually or in the aggregate, on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. 2012 Acquisitions Following is a brief description of the Company's noteworthy acquisitions completed during the 2012 fiscal year: Acquisition of POS and RDS On February 7, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of POS Integrated Solutions Do Brasil Comercio E Servicos De Informatica S.A. (POS) and RDS South America Comercio E Servicos De Informatica S.A. (RDS) for aggregate purchase consideration of approximately $1 million, plus related acquisition costs. POS and RDS were resellers of certain of the Company's hardware and software, and their results have been reported within our Hospitality segment since the date of the acquisitions. Acquisition of Wyse Sistemas de Informatica Ltda. On May 31, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding units of membership interest of Wyse Sistemas de Informatica Ltda. (Wyse) for aggregate purchase consideration of approximately $13 60 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) million, plus related acquisition costs. Wyse was a developer and provider of point of sale software specifically designed for the hospitality market in Brazil, and their results have been reported within our Hospitality segment since the date of the acquisition. Hospitality Reseller Acquisitions During 2012, the Company acquired the assets of six of its domestic Hospitality resellers in separate transactions for aggregate purchase consideration of approximately $28 million, plus related acquisition costs. Acquisition of Transoft, Inc. On September 7, 2012, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Transoft, Inc. for aggregate purchase consideration of approximately $40 million, plus related acquisition costs, of which the Company recognized $7 million as compensation expense included within selling, general and administrative expenses over a period of two years from the acquisition date. Transoft, Inc. was a global leader in cash management software for financial institutions, and their results have been reported within our Financial Services segment since the date of the acquisition. Acquisition of uGenius Technology, Inc. On, December 31, 2012, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of uGenius Technology, Inc. (uGenius) for aggregate purchase consideration of approximately $37 million, including the settlement of NCR's pre-existing 8.7% equity investment in uGenius Technology, LLC, plus related acquisition costs. uGenius was a provider of video banking solutions, and their results have been reported within our Financial Services segment since the date of the acquisition. Approximately $11 million of the aggregate purchase consideration was withheld by the Company as a source of recovery for possible claims under the acquisition agreements for the 2012 acquisitions noted above, and was paid to the respective sellers pursuant to the terms of such agreements. As a result of the above noted 2012 acquisitions, NCR recorded $34 million related to identifiable intangible assets consisting primarily of proprietary technology and customer relationships, which have a weighted- average amortization period of 7 years. The operating results of the businesses acquired in 2012 have been included within NCR’s results as of the closing date of each acquisition. Supplemental pro forma information and actual revenue and earnings since the acquisition dates have not been provided as these acquisitions did not have a material impact, individually or in the aggregate, on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. The purchase price of these businesses, reported in business acquisitions, net within investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, has been allocated based on the estimated fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired, with any excess recorded as goodwill. Goodwill recognized in the Company's 2012 acquisitions was $85 million, of which it is expected that $55 million of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. Divestitures On February 3, 2012, NCR entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Redbox Automated Retail, LLC (“Purchaser”) pursuant to which NCR agreed to sell certain assets of its Entertainment business (the "Entertainment Business"), including, but not limited to, substantially all of NCR's DVD kiosks, certain retailer contracts, select DVD inventory and certain intellectual property to Purchaser (the “Transaction”). Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, as amended on June 22, 2012, and upon the terms and conditions thereof, on June 22, 2012, NCR completed the disposition of the assets of its Entertainment Business to Purchaser for cash consideration of $100 million. As of the date of the sale, total assets sold of $67 million included $51 million of property, plant and equipment, $15 million of inventory, and $1 million of intangible assets. NCR agreed to provide Purchaser with certain short-term support services following the closing under a transition services agreement. The Agreement also contemplates that, for a period of five years following the closing, Purchaser and its affiliates may procure certain hardware, software and services from NCR under a manufacturing and services agreement. If, at the end of such five-year period, Purchaser and its affiliates have not procured hardware, software and services that have yielded $25 million in margin to NCR, Purchaser will pay the difference to NCR. We determined that the cash inflows under the transition services agreement and the manufacturing and services agreement will not constitute significant continuing involvement with the operations of the Entertainment business after the sale. In addition, the ongoing cash inflows related to the Entertainment business under the manufacturing and services agreement are substantially unrelated to the business sold. Therefore, we have reclassified the operating results of the Entertainment business, for all historical periods, to income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table includes the results of the Entertainment business, which we historically included in our former Entertainment segment: 61 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) In millions Revenue Operating expenses Loss from operations Gain from divestiture of the business Loss before income taxes Income tax benefit Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax For the year ended December 31 2012 $ $ 62 101 (39) 33 (6) (2) (4) 5. GOODWILL AND PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill The carrying amounts of goodwill by segment are included in the tables below. Foreign currency fluctuations are included within other adjustments. In 2014, the Company impaired goodwill related to assets held for sale that are no longer considered strategic. See Note 2, "Restructuring Plan," for additional information. January 1, 2014 Accumulated Impairment Losses Goodwill Total Additions Impairment Other Goodwill December 31, 2014 Accumulated Impairment Losses Total $ 255 581 676 25 $ — $ (3) — — 255 578 676 25 $ 1,243 $ — — — $ 1,537 $ (3) $ 1,534 $ 1,243 $ — $ (4) — (5) $ — (7) (1) — (4) $ (13) $ 1,493 $ 581 669 24 2,767 $ — $ 1,493 (7) — 669 574 — 24 (7) $ 2,760 January 1, 2013 Accumulated Impairment Losses Goodwill Total Additions Impairment Other Goodwill December 31, 2013 Accumulated Impairment Losses Total $ $ 202 120 659 25 $ — $ (3) — — 202 117 659 25 $ 55 461 23 — — $ — — — $ 1,006 $ (3) $ 1,003 $ 539 $ — $ (2) $ — (6) — (8) $ $ 255 581 676 25 1,537 $ — $ (3) — 255 578 676 25 — (3) $ 1,534 In millions Financial Services Retail Solutions Hospitality Emerging Industries Total goodwill In millions Financial Services Retail Solutions Hospitality Emerging Industries Total goodwill Purchased Intangible Assets NCR’s purchased intangible assets, reported in intangibles, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were specifically identified when acquired, and are deemed to have finite lives. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for NCR’s identifiable intangible assets were as set forth in the table below. The increase in the gross carrying amount is primarily due to the acquisition detailed in Note 4, "Business Combinations and Divestitures." 62 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) In millions Identifiable intangible assets Reseller & customer relationships Intellectual property Customer contracts Tradenames Non-compete arrangements Total identifiable intangible assets December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 Amortization Period (in Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization $ 1 - 20 2 - 8 8 2 - 10 2 - 5 $ 660 393 89 74 8 $ 1,224 $ (63) $ (181) (22) (24) (8) (298) $ $ 328 275 — 61 8 672 $ (37) (118) — (15) (8) (178) The aggregate amortization expense (actual and estimated) for identifiable intangible assets for the following periods is: In millions Amortization expense For the year ended December 31, 2014 For the years ended December 31 (estimated) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 120 $ 127 $ 125 $ 116 $ 85 $ 75 6. DEBT OBLIGATIONS The following table summarizes the Company's short-term borrowings and long-term debt: In millions, except percentages Short-Term Borrowings Current portion of Senior Secured Credit Facility (1) Trade Receivables Securitization Facility Other (2) Total short-term borrowings Long-Term Debt Senior Secured Credit Facility: Term loan facility due 2018 (1) Revolving credit facility due 2018 (1) Senior notes: 5.00% Senior Notes due 2022 4.625% Senior Notes due 2021 5.875% Senior Notes due 2021 6.375% Senior Notes due 2023 Other (2) Total long-term debt December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 Amount Weighted- Average Interest Rate Amount Weighted- Average Interest Rate $ $ $ $ 85 96 6 187 1,246 — 600 500 400 700 26 3,472 2.91% 0.83% 7.31% 2.91% 7.23% $ $ $ $ 28 — 6 34 1,087 — 600 500 400 700 33 3,320 2.55% —% 7.11% 2.55% 7.21% (1) Interest rates are weighted average interest rates as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 related to the Senior Secured Credit Facility, which incorporate the impact of the interest rate swap agreement described in Note 11, "Derivatives and Hedging Instruments." (2) Interest rates are weighted average interest rates as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 primarily related to various international credit facilities and a note payable in the U.S. Senior Secured Credit Facility The Company is party to a senior secured credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA (JPMCB), as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders (as amended, the Senior Secured Credit Facility). As of December 31, 2014, the Senior Secured Credit Facility consisted of a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.35 billion, and a revolving 63 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $850 million. The revolving credit facility also allows a portion of the availability to be used for outstanding letters of credit, and as of December 31, 2014, there were no outstanding letters of credit. The outstanding principal balance of the term loan facility is required to be repaid in equal quarterly installments in annual amounts. The repayment schedule requires quarterly installments of approximately $17 million beginning September 30, 2014, approximately $26 million beginning September 30, 2015, and approximately $34 million beginning September 30, 2016, with the balance being due at maturity on July 25, 2018. Borrowings under the revolving portion of the credit facility are due July 25, 2018. Amounts outstanding under the Senior Secured Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company's option, at a base rate equal to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the administrative agent's “prime rate” and (iii) the one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.00% (the Base Rate) or LIBOR, plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25% for Base Rate-based loans that are either term loans or revolving loans and ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% for LIBOR-based loans that are either term loans or revolving loans, depending on the Company's consolidated leverage ratio. The terms of the Senior Secured Credit Facility also require certain other fees and payments to be made by the Company, including a commitment fee on the undrawn portion of the revolving credit facility. The Company's obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of its wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries. The Senior Secured Credit Facility and these guarantees are secured by a first priority lien and security interest in certain equity interests owned by the Company and the guarantor subsidiaries in certain of their respective domestic and foreign subsidiaries, and a perfected first priority lien and security interest in substantially all of the Company's U.S. assets and the assets of the guarantor subsidiaries, subject to certain exclusions. These security interests would be released if the Company achieves an “investment grade” rating, and will remain released so long as the Company maintains that rating. The Senior Secured Credit Facility includes affirmative and negative covenants that restrict or limit the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to, among other things, incur indebtedness; create liens on assets; engage in certain fundamental corporate changes or changes to the Company's business activities; make investments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; engage in sale- leaseback or hedging transactions; repurchase stock, pay dividends or make similar distributions; repay other indebtedness; engage in certain affiliate transactions; or enter into agreements that restrict the Company's ability to create liens, pay dividends or make loan repayments. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes financial covenants that require the Company to maintain: • • a consolidated leverage ratio on the last day of any fiscal quarter, not to exceed (i) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after June 30, 2014 and on or prior to December 31, 2014, (a) the sum of (x) 4.50 and (y) an amount (not to exceed 0.25) to reflect new debt used to reduce NCR's underfunded pension liabilities, to (b) 1.00, (ii) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2014 and on or prior to December 31, 2016, (a) the sum of (x) 4.25 and (y) an amount (not to exceed 0.50) to reflect new debt used to reduce NCR's underfunded pension liabilities, to (b) 1.00, (iii) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2016 and on or prior to December 31, 2017, 4.00 to 1.00, and (iv) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2017, 3.75 to 1.00; and an interest coverage ratio on the last day of any fiscal quarter greater than or equal to (i) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending on or prior to December 31, 2014, 3.00 to 1.00, and (ii) in the case of any fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2014, 3.50 to 1.00. At December 31, 2014, the maximum consolidated leverage ratio under the Senior Secured Credit Facility was 4.60 to 1.00. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also contains events of default, which are customary for similar financings. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the lenders may, among other things, terminate the loan commitments, accelerate all loans and require cash collateral deposits in respect of outstanding letters of credit. If the Company is unable to pay or repay the amounts due, the lenders could, among other things, proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure such indebtedness. The Company may request, at any time and from time to time, but the lenders are not obligated to fund, the establishment of one or more incremental term loans and/or revolving credit facilities (subject to the agreement of existing lenders or additional financial institutions to provide such term loans and/or revolving credit facilities) with commitments in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of (i) $150 million, and (ii) such amount as would not (a) prior to the date that the Company obtains an investment grade rating cause the leverage ratio under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, calculated on a pro forma basis including the incremental facility and assuming that it and the revolver are fully drawn, to exceed 2.50 to 1.00, and (b) on and after the date that the Company obtains an investment grade rating cause the leverage ratio under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, calculated on a pro forma basis including the incremental facility and assuming that it and the revolver are fully drawn, to exceed a ratio that is 0.50 less than the leverage ratio then applicable under the financial covenants of the Senior Secured Credit Facility, the proceeds of which can be used for working capital requirements and other general corporate purposes. 64 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Senior Unsecured Notes On September 17, 2012, the Company issued $600 million aggregate principal amount of 5.00% senior unsecured notes due in 2022 (the 5.00% Notes). The 5.00% Notes were sold at 100% of the principal amount and will mature on July 15, 2022. On December 18, 2012, the Company issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior unsecured notes due in 2021 (the 4.625% Notes). The 4.625% Notes were sold at 100% of the principal amount and will mature on February 15, 2021. On December 19, 2013, the Company issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% senior unsecured notes due in 2021 (the 5.875% Notes) and $700 million aggregate principal amount of 6.375% senior unsecured notes due in 2023 (the 6.375% Notes), the proceeds of which were used solely for the acquisition of Digital Insight. The 5.875% Notes were sold at 100% of the principal amount and will mature on December 15, 2021 and the 6.375% Notes were sold at 100% of the principal amount and will mature on December 15, 2023. The senior unsecured notes are guaranteed, fully and unconditionally, on an unsecured senior basis, by our subsidiary, NCR International, Inc. The Company has the option to redeem the 5.00% Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after July 15, 2017, at a redemption price of 102.5%, 101.667%, 100.833% and 100% during the 12-month periods commencing on July 15, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 and thereafter, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to July 15, 2017, the Company may redeem the 5.00% Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a make-whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to July 15, 2015, we may redeem the 5.00% Notes in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes originally issued at a redemption price of 105% plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds from one or more qualified equity offerings under certain further requirements. The Company has the option to redeem the 4.625% Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after February 15, 2017, at a redemption price of 102.313%, 101.156% and 100% during the 12-month periods commencing on February 15, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and thereafter, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to February 15, 2017, the Company may redeem the 4.625% Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a make- whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to February 15, 2016, the Company may redeem the 4.625% Notes in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes originally issued at a redemption price of 104.625% plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds from one or more qualified equity offerings under certain further requirements. The Company has the option to redeem the 5.875% Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after December 15, 2017, at a redemption price of 102.938%, 101.469% and 100% during the 12-month periods commencing on December 15, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and thereafter, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to December 15, 2017, the Company may redeem the 5.875% Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a make- whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to December 15, 2016, the Company may redeem the 5.875% Notes in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes originally issued at a redemption price of 105.875% plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds from one or more qualified equity offerings under certain further requirements. The Company has the option to redeem the 6.375% Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after December 15, 2018, at a redemption price of 103.188%, 102.125%, 101.063% and 100% during the 12-month periods commencing on December 15, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and thereafter, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to December 15, 2018, the Company may redeem the 6.375% Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a make-whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to December 15, 2016, the Company may redeem the 6.375% Notes in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes originally issued at a redemption price of 106.375% plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds from one or more qualified equity offerings under certain further requirements. The terms of the indentures for these notes limit the ability of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional debt or issue redeemable preferred stock; pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments or investments; incur liens; sell assets; incur restrictions on the ability of the Company's subsidiaries to pay dividends to the Company; enter into affiliate transactions; engage in sale and leaseback transactions; and consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Company's or such subsidiaries' assets. These covenants are subject to significant exceptions and qualifications. For example, if these notes are assigned an investment grade rating by Moody's or S&P and no default has occurred or is continuing, certain covenants will be terminated. Trade Receivables Securitization Facility In November 2014, the Company established a two-year revolving trade receivables securitization facility (the A/R Facility) with PNC Bank, National Association (PNC) as the administrative agent, and various 65 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) lenders. The A/R Facility provides for up to $200 million in funding based on the availability of eligible receivables and other customary factors and conditions. Under the A/R Facility, NCR sells and/or contributes certain of its U.S. trade receivables to a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary as they are originated, and advances by the lenders to that subsidiary are secured by those trade receivables. The assets of this financing subsidiary are restricted as collateral for the payment of its obligations under the A/R Facility, and its assets and credit are not available to satisfy the debts and obligations owed to the creditors of the Company. The Company includes the assets, liabilities and results of operations of this financing subsidiary in its consolidated financial statements. The financing subsidiary owned $373 million of outstanding accounts receivable as of December 31, 2014, and these amounts are included in accounts receivable, net in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2014. The financing subsidiary will pay annual commitment and other customary fees to the lenders, and advances by a lender under the A/R Facility will accrue interest (i) at a reserve-adjusted LIBOR rate or a base rate equal to the highest of (a) the applicable lender’s prime rate or (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, if the lender is a committed lender, or (ii) based on commercial paper interests rates if the lender is a commercial paper conduit lender. Advances may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty. The A/R Facility contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants and default and termination provisions which provide for the acceleration of the advances under the A/R Facility in circumstances including, but not limited to, failure to pay interest or principal when due, breach of representation, warranty or covenant, certain insolvency events or failure to maintain the security interest in the trade receivables, and defaults under other material indebtedness. Debt Maturities Maturities of long-term debt outstanding, in principal amounts, at December 31, 2014 are summarized below: In millions Debt maturities Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Thereafter $ 3,659 $ 91 $ 220 $ 142 $ 995 $ 1 $ 2,210 For the years ended December 31 Fair Value of Debt The Company utilized Level 2 inputs, as defined in the fair value hierarchy, to measure the fair value of the long-term debt, which, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $3.67 billion and $3.33 billion, respectively. Management's fair value estimates were based on quoted prices for recent trades of NCR’s long-term debt, quoted prices for similar instruments, and inquiries with certain investment communities. 7. INCOME TAXES For the years ended December 31, income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following: In millions Income (loss) before income taxes United States Foreign Total income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes 2014 2013 2012 $ $ (235) $ 372 137 $ 29 525 554 $ $ 280 418 698 66 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) For the years ended December 31, income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following: In millions Income tax expense (benefit) 2014 2013 2012 Current Federal State Foreign Deferred Federal State Foreign Total income tax expense (benefit) $ $ (4) $ 2 79 (88) (7) (30) (48) $ (13) $ 3 105 19 (4) (12) 98 $ 6 — 73 155 1 (12) 223 The following table presents the principal components of the difference between the effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate for the years ended December 31: In millions 2014 2013 2012 Income tax expense (benefit) at the U.S. federal tax rate of 35% $ Foreign income tax differential U.S. permanent book/tax differences Tax audit settlements Change in liability for unrecognized tax benefits Nondeductible transaction costs U.S. valuation allowance Valuation allowance releases Tax extenders legislation Other, net Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 48 (72) (2) (15) — 1 (8) — — $ — (48) $ 194 (86) 3 — 29 1 — (25) (16) (2) 98 $ $ 245 (50) (3) (12) 12 1 17 — 14 (1) 223 NCR's tax provisions include a provision for income taxes in certain tax jurisdictions where its subsidiaries are profitable, but reflect only a portion of the tax benefits related to certain foreign subsidiaries' tax losses due to the uncertainty of the ultimate realization of future benefits from these losses. During 2014, we favorably settled examinations with the IRS for the 2009 and 2010 tax years that resulted in a tax benefit of $13 million. In addition, the 2014 tax rate was favorably impacted by a $9 million reduction in the U.S. valuation allowance and a favorable mix of earnings by country, primarily driven by actuarial pension losses due to a change in the U.S. mortality table. During 2013, we recorded a one-time benefit of approximately $16 million in connection with the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 that was signed into law in January 2013 and the related retroactive tax relief for certain law provisions that expired in 2012. The 2013 tax provision was also favorably impacted by the release of a $10 million valuation allowance due to the implementation of a tax planning strategy to access certain deferred tax assets, a $15 million reduction in a valuation allowance related to a subsidiary in Japan, and a favorable mix of earnings by country, primarily related to lower pension benefit. During 2012, we favorably settled examinations with Canada for the 2003 tax year and Japan for tax years 2001 through 2006 that resulted in tax benefits of $14 million and $13 million, respectively. In addition, the 2012 tax provision was favorably impacted by the mix of earnings by country. These benefits were partially offset by an increase of $17 million to the U.S. valuation allowance. 67 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Deferred income tax assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 were as follows: In millions Deferred income tax assets Employee pensions and other benefits Other balance sheet reserves and allowances Tax loss and credit carryforwards Capitalized research and development Property, plant and equipment Other Total deferred income tax assets Valuation allowance Net deferred income tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities Intangibles Taxable distribution Capitalized software Other Total deferred income tax liabilities Total net deferred income tax assets 2014 2013 $ $ 207 170 739 107 8 32 1,263 (294) 969 302 55 32 4 393 576 $ $ 119 170 719 101 7 52 1,168 (364) 804 125 — 20 7 152 652 NCR recorded valuation allowances related to certain deferred income tax assets due to the uncertainty of the ultimate realization of the future benefits from those assets. The valuation allowances cover deferred tax assets, primarily tax loss carryforwards, in tax jurisdictions where there is uncertainty as to the ultimate realization of a benefit from those tax losses. At December 31, 2014, our net deferred tax assets in the United States totaled approximately $456 million. We evaluated the realizability of the U.S. deferred tax assets by weighing positive and negative evidence, including our history of taxable income in the U.S., and the substantial length of time over which our deferred tax assets relating to net operating losses and employee pensions may be realized. Through this assessment, realization of the related benefits was determined to be more likely than not. If we are unable to generate sufficient future taxable income in the time period within which the temporary differences underlying our deferred tax assets become deductible, or before the expiration of our loss and credit carryforwards, additional valuation allowance could be required. As of December 31, 2014, NCR had U.S. federal and foreign tax attribute carryforwards of approximately $1.6 billion. The net operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration, expire in the years 2015 through 2034. The amount of tax deductions in excess of previously recorded windfall tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation included in U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards but not reflected in deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $99 million. Upon realization of the U.S. federal net operating losses, the Company will recognize a windfall tax benefit as an increase to additional paid-in capital. In addition, the Company had U.S. tax credit carryforwards of $315 million. Approximately $21 million of the credit carryforwards do not expire, and $294 million of the credit carryforwards expire in the years 2015 through 2034. The aggregate changes in the balance of our gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows for the years ended December 31: In millions Gross unrecognized tax benefits - January 1 Increases related to tax positions from prior years Decreases related to tax positions from prior years Increases related to tax provisions taken during the current year Settlements with tax authorities Lapses of statutes of limitation Total gross unrecognized tax benefits - December 31 $ 68 2014 2013 2012 $ 277 $ 256 $ 34 (50) 43 (14) (42) 248 $ 33 (33) 40 (2) (17) 277 $ 273 24 (16) 30 (35) (20) 256 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Of the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2014, $145 million would affect NCR’s effective tax rate if realized. The Company’s liability arising from uncertain tax positions is recorded in income tax accruals and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognized interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as part of the provision for income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations of $1 million, $8 million, and $4 million of expense for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The gross amount of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $54 million and $56 million, respectively. In the U.S., NCR files consolidated federal and state income tax returns where statutes of limitations generally range from three to five years. U.S. federal tax years remain open to examination from 2011 forward. The IRS examination of our 2009 and 2010 income tax returns was resolved during 2014. In 2014, the IRS commenced an examination of our 2011, 2012 and 2013 income tax returns, which is ongoing. Tax years beginning after 2001 are still open to examination by certain foreign taxing authorities, including several major taxing jurisdictions. We are open to examination from 2001 onward in Korea and India and from 2002 onward in Canada. During 2015, the Company expects to resolve certain tax matters related to U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2014, we estimate that it is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by $30 million to $35 million in the next 12 months due to the resolution of these tax matters. NCR did not provide for U.S. federal income taxes or foreign withholding taxes in 2014 on approximately $2.1 billion of undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as such earnings are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. Due to the complexities in the tax laws, the assumptions that we would have to make and the availability and calculation of associated foreign tax credits, it is not practicable to determine the amount of the related unrecognized deferred income tax liability associated with these undistributed earnings. 8. STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS The Company recognizes all share-based payments, including grants of stock options, as compensation expense in its financial statements based on their fair value. As of December 31, 2014, the Company’s primary types of stock-based compensation were restricted stock and stock options. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense, the components of which are further described below, for the years ended December 31 as follows: In millions Restricted stock Stock options Total stock-based compensation (pre-tax) Tax benefit Total stock-based compensation (net of tax) 2014 $31 — 31 (10) $21 2013 $39 2 41 (13) $28 2012 $46 3 49 (14) $35 Approximately 17 million shares are authorized to be issued under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (SIP). Details of the Company's stock-based compensation plans are discussed below. Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units The SIP provides for the issuance of restricted stock, as well as restricted stock units. These types of awards can have either service- based or performance-based vesting with performance goals being established by the Compensation and Human Resource Committee. Any grant of restricted stock or restricted stock units is subject to a vesting period of at least three years, except that a one-year term of service may be required if vesting is conditioned upon achievement of performance goals. Performance-based grants are subject to future performance measurements, which include NCR’s achievement of specific return on capital and other financial metrics (as defined in the SIP) during the performance period. Performance-based grants must be earned, based on 69 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) performance, before the actual number of shares to be awarded is known. The Company considers the likelihood of meeting the performance criteria based upon management’s estimates and analysis of achievement against the performance criteria. At the date of grant, a recipient of restricted stock has all the rights of a stockholder subject to certain restrictions on transferability and a risk of forfeiture. A recipient of restricted stock units does not have the rights of a stockholder and is subject to restrictions on transferability and risk of forfeiture. Other terms and conditions applicable to any award of restricted stock or restricted stock units will be determined by the Compensation and Human Resource Committee and set forth in the agreement relating to that award. The following table reports restricted stock activity during the year ended December 31, 2014: Shares in thousands Unvested shares as of January 1 Shares granted Shares vested Shares forfeited Unvested shares as of December 31 Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share 5,309 $ 2,339 $ (2,214) $ (884) $ $ 4,550 22.30 31.85 19.35 27.63 27.78 Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the financial statements based upon fair value. The total fair value of shares vested and distributed was $66 million in 2014, $33 million in 2013, and $68 million in 2012. As of December 31, 2014, there was $59 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock grants. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.1 years. The weighted average grant date fair value for restricted stock awards granted in 2013 and 2012 was $25.64 and $19.59, respectively. The following table represents the composition of restricted stock grants in 2014: Shares in thousands Service-based shares Performance-based shares Total restricted stock grants Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value 1,288 1,051 2,339 $ $ $ 33.15 30.25 31.85 The 2014 performance-based share grant activity above includes 0.8 million shares related to the 2014 to 2015 performance period. The remaining performance-based share grant activity in 2014 relates to the achievement of performance goals in 2014 associated with performance-based shares granted in a prior period. Stock Options The SIP also provides for the grant of several different forms of stock-based compensation, including stock options to purchase shares of NCR common stock. The Compensation and Human Resource Committee of the Board of Directors has discretion to determine the material terms and conditions of option awards under the SIP, provided that (i) the exercise price must be no less than the fair market value of NCR common stock (defined as the closing price) on the date of grant, (ii) the term must be no longer than ten years, and (iii) in no event shall the normal vesting schedule provide for vesting in less than one year. Other terms and conditions of an award of stock options will be determined by the Compensation and Human Resource Committee of the Board of Directors as set forth in the agreement relating to that award. The Compensation and Human Resource Committee has authority to administer the SIP, except that the Committee on Directors and Governance will administer the SIP with respect to non-employee members of the Board of Directors. New shares of the Company’s common stock are issued as a result of stock option exercises. Stock-based compensation expense for options was computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not grant any stock options. The weighted average fair value of options granted was estimated based on the below weighted average assumptions and was $8.24 per share in 2012. 70 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Dividend yield Risk-free interest rate Expected volatility Expected holding period (years) 2012 — 0.78% 40.1% 5.0 Expected volatility incorporates a blend of both historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a period equal to the expected term of the options and implied volatility from traded options on the Company’s stock, as management believes this is more representative of prospective trends. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected holding period represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the 5-year U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2014: Shares in thousands Outstanding as of January 1 Granted Exercised Forfeited or expired Outstanding as of December 31 Fully vested and expected to vest as of December 31 Exercisable as of December 31 Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) Shares Under Option 1,938 $ — $ (455) $ (3) $ $ 1,480 1,480 1,473 $ $ 17.32 — 15.57 16.07 17.86 17.86 17.86 3.30 3.30 3.28 $ $ $ 17 17 17 The total intrinsic value of all options exercised was $8 million in 2014, $37 million in 2013, and $31 million in 2012. Cash received from option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements was $7 million in 2014, $51 million in 2013, and $47 million in 2012. The tax benefit realized from these exercises was $2 million in 2014, $12 million in 2013, and $10 million in 2012. Other Share-based Plans The Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) enables eligible employees to purchase NCR’s common stock at a discount to the average of the highest and lowest sale prices on the last trading day of each month. The ESPP discount is 5% of the average market price. Accordingly, this plan is considered non-compensatory. Employees may authorize payroll deductions of up to 10% of eligible compensation for common stock purchases. Employees purchased approximately 0.2 million shares in 2014, 0.2 million shares in 2013, and 0.3 million shares in 2012, for approximately $6 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012. A total of 4 million shares were originally authorized to be issued under the new ESPP and approximately 1.5 million authorized shares remain unissued as of December 31, 2014. 9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS Pension, Postretirement and Postemployment Plans NCR sponsors defined benefit plans. NCR’s U.S. pension plan no longer offers additional benefits and is closed to new participants. Internationally, the defined benefit plans are based primarily upon compensation and years of service. Certain international plans are also closed to new participants. NCR’s funding policy is to contribute annually not less than the minimum required by applicable laws and regulations. Assets of NCR’s defined benefit plans are primarily invested in corporate and government debt securities, insurance products, common and commingled trusts, publicly traded common stocks, real estate investments, and cash or cash equivalents. NCR recognizes the funded status of each applicable plan on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability. For pension plans, changes in the fair value of plan assets and net actuarial gains or losses are recognized upon remeasurement, which is at least annually in the fourth quarter of each year. For 71 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) postretirement and postemployment plans, changes to the funded status are recognized as a component of other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity. NCR sponsors a U.S. postretirement benefit plan that no longer offers benefits to U.S. participants who had not reached a certain age and years of service with NCR. The plan provides medical care benefits to retirees and their eligible dependents. Non-U.S. employees are typically covered under government-sponsored programs, and NCR generally does not provide postretirement benefits other than pensions to non-U.S. retirees. NCR generally funds these benefits on a pay-as-you-go basis. NCR offers various postemployment benefits to involuntarily terminated and certain inactive employees after employment but before retirement. These benefits are paid in accordance with NCR’s established postemployment benefit practices and policies. Postemployment benefits include mainly severance as well as continuation of healthcare benefits and life insurance coverage while on disability. NCR provides appropriate accruals for these postemployment benefits. These postemployment benefits are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis. Pension Plans Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligations for NCR's pension plans are as follows: In millions Change in benefit obligation U.S. Pension Benefits International Pension Benefits Total Pension Benefits 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 Benefit obligation as of January 1 $ 2,931 $ 3,462 $ 2,214 $ 2,249 $ 5,145 $ 5,711 Net service cost Interest cost Amendment Actuarial (gain) loss Benefits paid Plan participant contributions Settlement Special termination benefit cost Acquired pension obligation Currency translation adjustments — 130 — 353 (1,143) — — — — — — 124 — (271) (410) — — 26 — — Benefit obligation as of December 31 Accumulated benefit obligation as of December 31 $ $ 2,271 2,271 $ $ 2,931 2,931 $ $ 12 81 18 332 (393) 3 (1) — — (160) 2,106 2,070 14 79 4 (45) (113) 3 — — 4 19 $ $ 2,214 2,180 $ $ 12 211 18 685 (1,536) 3 (1) — — (160) 4,377 4,341 14 203 4 (316) (523) 3 — 26 4 19 $ $ 5,145 5,111 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of the plan assets of NCR's pension plans are as follows: In millions Change in plan assets U.S. Pension Benefits International Pension Benefits Total Pension Benefits 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 Fair value of plan assets as of January 1 $ 2,683 $ Actual return on plan assets Company contributions Benefits paid Currency translation adjustments Plan participant contributions 326 18 (1,143) — — 3,022 (116) 187 (410) — — $ 2,373 $ 2,228 $ 5,056 $ 5,250 433 69 (393) (160) 3 129 96 (113) 30 3 759 87 (1,536) (160) 3 13 283 (523) 30 3 Fair value of plan assets as of December 31 $ 1,884 $ 2,683 $ 2,325 $ 2,373 $ 4,209 $ 5,056 During 2014, the Company offered a voluntary lump sum payment option to certain former employees who were participants of the Company's U.S. pension plan who had started monthly payments of their pension benefit. The voluntary lump sum payment offer was completed during the fourth quarter of 2014. In addition, during 2014, the Company entered into an agreement with an 72 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) insurer, where the Company's U.S. Qualified plan purchased a single premium group annuity contract from the insurer in order to secure benefits for approximately 4,500 former employees or their related beneficiaries who commenced monthly pension benefits under the Plan before January 1, 1994. Additionally, during 2014, the Company transferred the pension plan obligations in Spain and the Netherlands to a third party through the completion of a buy-out of the pension plans. The following table presents the funded status and the reconciliation of the funded status to amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31: In millions 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 U.S. Pension Benefits International Pension Benefits Total Pension Benefits Funded Status Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Noncurrent assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Net amounts recognized Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss Prior service cost Total $ (387) $ (248) $ 219 $ 159 $ (168) $ (89) $ $ $ — $ — (387) (387) $ — $ (17) (231) (248) $ 551 (14) (318) 219 — — $ — — $ 17 17 $ $ $ 478 (18) (301) 159 2 2 $ $ $ $ 551 (14) (705) (168) $ 478 (35) (532) (89) 17 17 $ 2 2 For pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, the projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of assets were $2,935 million, $2,922 million, and $2,244 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2014, and $3,319 million, $3,311 million and $2,582 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2013. The net periodic benefit (income) cost of the pension plans for the years ended December 31 was as follows: U.S. Pension Benefits International Pension Benefits Total Pension Benefits In millions Net service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service cost Special termination benefit cost Settlement Actuarial (gain) loss Net periodic benefit (income) cost 2012 2013 2014 2014 $ — $ — $ — $ 12 81 (104) 2 159 (127) — 124 (109) — (118) 130 — 2013 2012 $ 14 $ 14 2014 $ 12 2013 2012 $ 14 $ 14 79 (99) 6 83 (98) 7 211 (222) 2 203 (208) 6 242 (225) 7 — — 146 $ 158 $ — — (293) 26 — (43) (2) $(261) $ — — — — (1) — (76) 4 31 (6) $ (76) $ 37 — (1) 150 $ 152 26 — (119) — — (262) $ (78) $ (224) During 2014, the Company transferred the pension plan obligations in Spain and the Netherlands to a third party through the completion of a buy-out of the pension plans, resulting in an actuarial loss in 2014. During 2013, a select group of U.S. employees were offered the option to participate in a voluntary early retirement opportunity, which included incremental benefits for each employee who elected to participate, resulting in recognition of special termination benefit costs totaling $26 million. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2013, an actuarial gain of $15 million was recognized associated with the termination of NCR's U.S. non-qualified pension plans. In the third quarter of 2012, the Company offered a voluntary lump sum payment option to certain former employees who were deferred vested participants of the Company's U.S. pension plan who had not yet started monthly payments of their pension benefit. The voluntary lump sum payment offer was completed during the fourth quarter of 2012, which resulted in an actuarial gain from the remeasurement of the plan. 73 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The weighted average rates and assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase U.S. Pension Benefits International Pension Benefits Total Pension Benefits 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 4.0% N/A 4.6% N/A 2.9% 1.8% 3.8% 2.7% 3.5% 1.8% 4.3% 2.7% The weighted average rates and assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows: U.S. Pension Benefits International Pension Benefits Total Pension Benefits Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase 2013 2014 2012 2014 2013 4.6% 3.8% 4.0% 3.8% 3.7% 4.1% 4.3% 3.7% 4.0% 4.6% 3.8% 4.8% 4.5% 4.6% 4.8% 4.5% 4.1% 4.8% N/A 2.7% 2.5% 3.0% 2.7% 2.5% 3.0% N/A N/A 2014 2012 2013 2012 The discount rate used to determine December 31, 2014 U.S. benefit obligations was derived by matching the plans’ expected future cash flows to the corresponding yields from the Aon Hewitt AA Bond Universe Curve. This yield curve has been constructed to represent the available yields on high-quality, fixed-income investments across a broad range of future maturities. International discount rates were determined by examining interest rate levels and trends within each country, particularly yields on high-quality, long-term corporate bonds, relative to our future expected cash flows. During 2014, the Society of Actuaries published updated mortality tables and an improvement scale for U.S. plans, which both reflect improved longevity. Based on evaluation of these new tables, we updated our mortality assumptions for our U.S. pension benefits as of December 31, 2014. NCR employs a building block approach as its primary approach in determining the long-term expected rate of return assumptions for plan assets. Historical market returns are studied and long-term relationships between equities and fixed income are preserved consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatilities generate higher returns over the long run. Current market factors, such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before long-term capital market assumptions are determined. The expected long-term portfolio return is established for each plan via a building block approach with proper rebalancing consideration. The result is then adjusted to reflect additional expected return from active management net of plan expenses. Historical plan returns, the expectations of other capital market participants, and peer data may be used to review and assess the results for reasonableness and appropriateness. Plan Assets The weighted average asset allocations as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 by asset category are as follows: Equity securities Debt securities and insurance products Real estate Other Total U.S. Pension Fund International Pension Fund Actual Allocation of Plan Assets as of December 31 2014 2013 Actual Allocation of Plan Assets as of December 31 2014 2013 Target Asset Allocation Target Asset Allocation —% 95% 2% 3% —% 0% 97% 95 - 100% 1% 0 - 2% 2% 0 - 3% 10% 77% 6% 7% 11% 7 - 14% 76% 71 - 80% 6% 3 - 6% 7% 5 - 11% 100% 100% 100% 100% 74 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 by asset category is as follows: U.S. International Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Fair Value as of December 31, 2014 Notes Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Fair Value as of December 31, 2014 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 46 $ 46 $ — $ In millions Assets Equity securities: Common stock Fixed income securities: Government securities Corporate debt Other types of investments: Money market funds Common and commingled trusts - Equities Common and commingled trusts - Bonds Common and commingled trusts - Short Term Investments Common and commingled trusts - Balanced Partnership/joint venture interests - Real estate Partnership/joint venture interests - Other Mutual funds Insurance products Real estate and other 1 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 6 5 215 903 47 — 517 49 — 34 40 79 — — Total $ 1,884 $ — — 5 — — — — — — 25 — 1,231 128 1,389 — — — — — — — — — 79 — — 79 215 903 47 — 517 49 — — — — — — $ 1,731 $ — — — — — — — 34 40 — — — 74 131 232 29 148 198 32 124 — 25 — 1,232 128 $ 2,325 $ — — — — — — — — — — — — 46 131 227 29 148 198 32 124 — — — 1 — $ 890 $ 75 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) U.S. International Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Fair Value as of December 31, 2013 Notes Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Fair Value as of December 31, 2013 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 65 $ 65 $ — $ In millions Assets Equity securities: Common stock Fixed income securities: Government securities Corporate debt Other types of investments: Money market funds Common and commingled trusts - Equities Common and commingled trusts - Bonds Common and commingled trusts - Short Term Investments Common and commingled trusts - Balanced Partnership/joint venture interests - Real estate Partnership/joint venture interests - Other Mutual funds Insurance products Real estate and other 1 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 6 5 260 1,091 24 — 1,035 44 — 35 48 146 — — — — — — — — — — — 146 — — 260 1,091 24 — 1,035 44 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 35 48 — — — 83 209 110 57 155 153 — 158 — 49 — 1,283 134 $ 2,373 $ — — — — — — — — — — — — 65 205 110 57 155 153 — 158 — — — 1,283 — $ 2,121 $ — 4 — — — — — — — 49 — — 134 187 Total $ 2,683 $ 146 $ 2,454 $ Notes: 1. Common stocks are valued based on quoted market prices at the closing price as reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded. 2. Government securities are valued based on yields currently available on comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings. When quoted prices are not available for identical or similar securities, the security is valued under a discounted cash flows approach that maximizes observable inputs, such as current yields on similar instruments but includes adjustments for certain risks that may not be observable, such as credit and liquidity risks. 3. Corporate debt is valued primarily based on observable market quotations for similar bonds at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded. When such quoted prices are not available, the bonds are valued using a discounted cash flows approach using current yields on similar instruments of issuers with similar credit ratings. 4. Common/collective trusts and registered investment companies (RICs) such as mutual funds are valued using a Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the manager of each fund. The NAV is based on the underlying net assets owned by the fund, divided by the number of shares or units outstanding. The fair value of the underlying securities within the fund, which are generally traded on an active market, are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which those individual securities are traded. For investments not traded on an active market, or for which a quoted price is not publicly available, a variety of unobservable valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flow, market multiple and cost valuation approaches, are employed by the fund manager or independent third party to value investments. 5. Partnership/joint ventures and hedge funds are valued based on the fair value of the underlying securities within the fund, which include investments both traded on an active market and not traded on an active market. For those investments that are traded on an active market, the values are based on the closing price reported on the active market on which those individual securities are traded and in the case of hedge funds they are valued using a Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the manager of each fund. For investments not traded on an active market, or for which a quoted price is not publicly available, a variety 76 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) of unobservable valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flow, market multiples and cost valuation approaches, are employed by the fund manager to value investments. 6. For insurance products, when quoted prices are not available for identical or similar investments, the insurance product is valued under a discounted cash flows approach that maximizes observable inputs, such as current yields on similar instruments but includes adjustments for certain risks that may not be observable, such as credit and liquidity risks. The following table presents the reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of those plan assets classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. When the determination is made to classify the plan assets within Level 3, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. In millions Balance, December 31, 2012 Realized and unrealized gains and losses, net Purchases, sales and settlements, net Transfers, net Balance, December 31, 2013 Realized and unrealized gains and losses, net Purchases, sales and settlements, net Transfers, net Balance, December 31, 2014 U.S. Pension Plans International Pension Plans $ $ $ 63 $ 8 (16) 28 83 $ 10 (19) — 74 $ 193 19 (29) 4 187 (6) (24) 1,232 1,389 Investment Strategy NCR has historically employed a total return investment approach, whereby a mix of fixed-income, equities and real estate investments are used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets subject to a prudent level of risk. The risk tolerance is established for each plan through a careful consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status and corporate financial condition. To reduce volatility in the value of assets held by the U.S. pension plan, we have rebalanced the asset allocation to a portfolio of 95% of fixed income assets as of December 31, 2014. Similar investment strategy changes are under consideration or being implemented in a number of NCR’s international plans. The investment portfolios contain primarily fixed-income investments,which are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, type of fixed-income security (i.e., government bonds, corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities) and credit quality. The investment portfolios also contain a blend of equity investments, which are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. stocks, small and large capitalization stocks, and growth and value stocks, primarily of non-U.S. issuers. Where applicable, real estate investments are made through real estate securities, partnership interests or direct investment and are diversified by property type and location. Other assets, such as cash or private equity are used judiciously to improve portfolio diversification and enhance risk-adjusted portfolio returns. Derivatives may be used to adjust market exposures in an efficient and timely manner. Due to the timing of security purchases and sales, cash held by fund managers is classified in the same asset category as the related investment. Rebalancing algorithms are applied to keep the asset mix of the plans from deviating excessively from their targets. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through regular performance reporting, investment manager reviews, actuarial liability measurements and periodic investment strategy reviews. From time to time, the Company may invest in insurance contracts, known as buy-in contracts, as a step towards transferring a plan’s liabilities to a third party. In November 2013, the trustees of the NCR Pension Plan (UK) entered into an agreement with Pension Insurance Corporation (PIC) to purchase, as a plan asset, an insurance policy with PIC to facilitate the wind-up and buy- out of the pension plan, which we now expect to occur in 2015 or early 2016. At December 31, 2014, the value of the insurance contract used significant unobservable inputs; therefore, we have classified the contract as Level 3 in the plan assets table above. NCR Limited, a UK subsidiary of the Company, is the principal employer of the pension plan which has approximately 5,400 participants and was approximately $420 million overfunded as of December 31, 2014. 77 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Postretirement Plans Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation for NCR's U.S. postretirement plan is as follows: In millions Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation as of January 1 Gross service cost Interest cost Actuarial (gain) loss Plan participant contributions Benefits paid Benefit obligation as of December 31 Postretirement Benefits 2014 2013 $ $ 27 — 1 1 2 (5) 26 $ $ 35 — 1 (5) 2 (6) 27 The following table presents the funded status and the reconciliation of the funded status to amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31: In millions Benefit obligation Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Net amounts recognized Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss Net actuarial loss Prior service benefit Total Postretirement Benefits 2014 2013 (26) $ (3) $ (23) (26) $ $ 20 (51) (31) $ (27) (4) (23) (27) 20 (69) (49) $ $ $ $ $ The net periodic benefit (income) cost of the postretirement plan for the years ended December 31 was: In millions Interest cost Net service cost Amortization of: Prior service benefit Actuarial loss Net periodic benefit (income) cost Postretirement Benefits 2014 2013 2012 $ $ $ 1 — $ 1 — (18) 2 (15) $ (18) 2 (15) $ 1 — (18) 3 (14) The assumptions utilized in accounting for postretirement benefit obligations as of December 31 and for postretirement benefit income for the years ended December 31 were: Discount rate Postretirement Benefit Obligations Postretirement Benefit Costs 2014 2013 2014 2013 2012 3.1% 3.4% 3.4% 2.6% 3.3% 78 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Assumed healthcare cost trend rates as of December 31 were: Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) Year that the rate reaches the ultimate rate 2014 2013 Pre-65 Coverage Post-65 Coverage Pre-65 Coverage Post-65 Coverage 7.0% 5.0% 2024 6.0% 5.0% 2024 7.0% 5.0% 2024 6.0% 5.0% 2024 In addition, a one percentage point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have had an immaterial impact on the postretirement benefit income and obligation. Postemployment Benefits Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation for NCR's postemployment plan was: In millions Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation as of January 1 Restructuring program cost Service cost Interest cost Amendments Benefits paid Curtailment Foreign currency exchange Actuarial (gain) loss Benefit obligation as of December 31 Postemployment Benefits 2014 2013 $ 176 $ 73 17 5 (1) (31) — (16) 4 $ 227 $ 258 — 24 6 1 (35) (51) (6) (21) 176 The following tables present the funded status and the reconciliation of the unfunded status to amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31: In millions Benefit obligation Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Net amounts recognized Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss Net actuarial (gain) loss Prior service benefit Total Postemployment Benefits 2014 2013 (227) $ (176) (80) $ (147) (227) $ (3) $ (15) (18) $ (30) (146) (176) 5 (18) (13) $ $ $ $ $ 79 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The net periodic benefit cost of the postemployment plan for the years ended December 31 was: In millions Service cost Interest cost Amortization of: Prior service benefit Actuarial (gain) loss Curtailment gain Net benefit cost Restructuring severance cost Net periodic benefit cost Postemployment Benefits 2014 2013 2012 $ $ $ $ 17 5 (4) (2) — 16 73 89 $ $ $ 24 6 (4) 5 (13) 18 — 18 $ $ 24 9 (6) 11 — 38 (1) 37 During the year ended December 31, 2014, restructuring charges for employee severance of $73 million were recognized associated with the restructuring plan announced in July 2014. See Note 2, "Restructuring Plan," for additional information. During the first quarter of 2013, NCR amended its U.S. separation plan to eliminate the accumulation of postemployment benefits, resulting in a curtailment benefit of $13 million. The weighted average assumptions utilized in accounting for postemployment benefit obligations as of December 31 and for postemployment benefit costs for the years ended December 31 were: Discount rate Salary increase rate Involuntary turnover rate Cash Flows Related to Employee Benefit Plans Postemployment Benefit Obligations Postemployment Benefit Costs 2014 2013 2014 2013 2012 2.1% 2.0% 4.8% 3.2% 2.8% 4.8% 3.2% 2.8% 4.8% 2.9% 2.6% 5.5% 3.5% 3.2% 5.5% Cash Contributions NCR does not plan to contribute to the U.S. qualified pension plan in 2015, and plans to contribute approximately $35 million to the international pension plans in 2015. The Company also plans to make contributions of $4 million to the U.S. postretirement plan and $80 million to the postemployment plan in 2015. Estimated Future Benefit Payments NCR expects to make the following benefit payments reflecting past and future service from its pension, postretirement and postemployment plans: In millions U.S. Pension Benefits International Pension Benefits Total Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Postemployment Benefits Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 - 2024 $ $ $ $ $ $ 118 121 123 126 129 680 $ $ $ $ $ $ 85 85 85 87 87 444 $ $ $ $ $ $ 203 206 208 213 216 1,124 $ $ $ $ $ $ 4 3 3 2 2 7 $ $ $ $ $ $ 80 25 24 23 22 89 Savings Plans U.S. employees and many international employees participate in defined contribution savings plans. These plans generally provide either a specified percent of pay or a matching contribution on participating employees’ voluntary elections. NCR’s matching contributions typically are subject to a maximum percentage or level of compensation. Employee contributions can be made pre-tax, after-tax or a combination thereof. The expense under the U.S. plan was approximately $20 million in 2014, 80 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) $12 million in 2013, and $10 million in 2012. The expense under international and subsidiary savings plans was $24 million in 2014, $22 million in 2013, and $17 million in 2012. Amounts to be Recognized The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2015 are as follows: In millions Prior service cost (income) Actuarial loss U.S. Pension Benefits International Pension Benefits Total Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Postemployment Benefits $ $ — $ — $ 1 $ — $ 1 $ — $ (18) $ $ 2 (4) — 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES In the normal course of business, NCR is subject to various proceedings, lawsuits, claims and other matters, including, for example, those that relate to the environment and health and safety, labor and employment, employee benefits, import/export compliance, intellectual property, data privacy and security, product liability, commercial disputes and regulatory compliance, among others. Additionally, NCR is subject to diverse and complex laws and regulations, including those relating to corporate governance, public disclosure and reporting, environmental safety and the discharge of materials into the environment, product safety, import and export compliance, data privacy and security, antitrust and competition, government contracting, anti-corruption, and labor and human resources, which are rapidly changing and subject to many possible changes in the future. Compliance with these laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards, taxation requirements, and federal securities laws among others, may create a substantial burden on, and substantially increase costs to NCR or could have an impact on NCR's future operating results. NCR believes the amounts provided in its Consolidated Financial Statements, as prescribed by GAAP, are currently adequate in light of the probable and estimable liabilities with respect to such matters, but there can be no assurances that the amounts required to satisfy alleged liabilities from such matters will not impact future operating results. Other than as stated below, the Company does not currently expect to incur material capital expenditures related to such matters. However, there can be no assurances that the actual amounts required to satisfy alleged liabilities from various lawsuits, claims, legal proceedings and other matters, including, but not limited to the Fox River and Kalamazoo River environmental matters and other matters discussed below, and to comply with applicable laws and regulations, will not exceed the amounts reflected in NCR’s Consolidated Financial Statements or will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated results of operations, capital expenditures, competitive position, financial condition or cash flows. Any costs that may be incurred in excess of those amounts provided as of December 31, 2014 cannot currently be reasonably determined, or are not currently considered probable. In 2012, NCR received anonymous allegations from a purported whistleblower regarding certain aspects of the Company's business practices in China, the Middle East and Africa. The principal allegations received in 2012 relate to the Company's compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and federal regulations that prohibit U.S. persons from engaging in certain activities in Syria. NCR promptly retained experienced outside counsel and began an internal investigation of those allegations that was completed in January 2013. On August 31, 2012, the Board of Directors received a demand letter from an individual shareholder demanding that the Board investigate and take action in connection with certain of the whistleblower allegations. The Board formed a Special Committee to investigate those matters, and that Special Committee also separately retained experienced outside counsel, and completed an investigation in January 2013. On January 23, 2013, upon the recommendation of the Special Committee following its review, the Board of Directors adopted a resolution rejecting the shareholder demand. As part of its resolution, the Board determined, among other things, that the officers and directors named in the demand had not breached their fiduciary duties and that the Company would not commence litigation against the named officers and directors. The Board further resolved to review measures proposed and implemented by management to strengthen the Company's compliance with trade embargos, export control laws and anti-bribery laws. In March 2013, the shareholder who sent the demand filed a derivative action in a Georgia state court, naming as defendants three Company officers, five members of the Board of Directors, and the Company as a nominal defendant. As reported in prior filings, the litigation and associated shareholder demands have been resolved. With respect to Syria, in 2012 NCR voluntarily notified the U.S. Treasury Department, Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of potential violations and ceased operations in Syria, which were commercially insignificant. The notification related to confusion stemming from the Company's failure to register in Syria the transfer of the Company's Syrian branch to a foreign subsidiary and to deregister the Company's legacy Syrian branch, which was a branch of NCR Corporation. The Company has applied for and received from OFAC various licenses that have permitted the Company to take measures required to wind down its past operations in Syria. The Company also submitted a detailed report to OFAC regarding this matter, including a description of the Company's comprehensive export control program and related remedial measures. 81 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) With respect to the FCPA, the Company made a presentation to the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) providing the facts known to the Company related to the whistleblower's FCPA allegations, and advising the government that many of these allegations were unsubstantiated. The Company is responding to subpoenas of the SEC and requests of the DOJ for documents and information related to the FCPA, including matters related to the whistleblower's FCPA allegations. The Company's investigations of the whistleblower's FCPA allegations identified a few opportunities to strengthen the Company's comprehensive FCPA compliance program, and remediation measures are being implemented. The Company is fully cooperating with the authorities with respect to all of these matters. There can be no assurance that the Company will not be subject to fines or other remedial measures as a result of OFAC's, the SEC's or the DOJ's investigations. In relation to a patent infringement case filed by a company known as Automated Transactions LLC (ATL), the Company agreed to defend and indemnify its customers, 7-Eleven and Cardtronics. On behalf of those customers, the Company won summary judgment in the case in March 2011. ATL's appeal of that ruling was decided in favor of 7-Eleven and Cardtronics in 2012, and its petition for review by the United States Supreme Court was denied in January 2013. ATL contended that Vcom terminals sold by the Company to 7-Eleven (Cardtronics ultimately purchased the business from 7-Eleven) infringed certain ATL patents that purport to relate to the combination of an ATM with an Internet kiosk, in which a retail transaction can be realized over an Internet connection provided by the kiosk. Independent of the litigation, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) rejected the parent patent as invalid in view of certain prior art, although related continuation patents were not reexamined by the USPTO. ATL filed a second suit against the same companies with respect to a broader range of ATMs, based on the same patents plus additional more recently issued patents; that suit was consolidated with the first case. In the course of the litigation ATL conceded that the ATMs used by 7-Eleven and Cardtronics did not infringe the ATL patents and granted these NCR customers a covenant not to sue. In light of the covenant, on November 25, 2014 the Court dismissed the consolidated lawsuits against 7-Eleven and Cardtronics with prejudice. Because ATL has continued to raise claims of alleged infringement with other NCR customers, the Company has filed a declaratory judgment action against ATL seeking to invalidate the ATL patents. In June 2014, one of the Company’s Brazilian subsidiaries, NCR Manaus, was notified of a Brazilian federal tax assessment of R$168 million, or approximately $63 million as of December 31, 2014, including penalties and interest regarding certain federal indirect taxes for 2010 through 2012. The assessment alleges improper importation of certain components into Brazil's free trade zone that would nullify related indirect tax incentives. We have not recorded an accrual for the assessment, as the Company believes it has a valid position regarding indirect taxes in Brazil and, as such, has filed an appeal. However, it is possible that the Company could be required to pay taxes, penalties and interest related to this matter, which could be material to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company estimated the aggregate risk related to this matter to be zero to approximately $66 million as of December 31, 2014. Environmental Matters NCR's facilities and operations are subject to a wide range of environmental protection laws, and NCR has investigatory and remedial activities underway at a number of facilities that it currently owns or operates, or formerly owned or operated, to comply, or to determine compliance, with such laws. Also, NCR has been identified, either by a government agency or by a private party seeking contribution to site clean-up costs, as a potentially responsible party (PRP) at a number of sites pursuant to various state and federal laws, including the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and comparable state statutes. Other than the Fox River matter and the Kalamazoo River matter detailed below, we currently do not anticipate material expenses and liabilities from these environmental matters. Fox River NCR is one of eight entities that were formally notified by governmental and other entities, such as local Native American tribes, that they are PRPs for environmental claims (under CERCLA and other statutes) arising out of the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments in the lower Fox River and in the Bay of Green Bay in Wisconsin. The other Fox River PRPs that received notices are Appleton Papers Inc. (API; now known as Appvion, Inc.), P.H. Glatfelter Company, Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP (GP, successor to Fort James Operating Company), WTM I Co. (formerly Wisconsin Tissue Mills, now owned by Canal Corporation, formerly known as Chesapeake Corporation), CBC Corporation (formerly Riverside Paper Corporation), U.S. Paper Mills Corp. (owned by Sonoco Products Company), and Menasha Corporation. NCR was identified as a PRP because of alleged PCB discharges from two carbonless copy paper manufacturing facilities it previously owned, which were located along the Fox River. NCR sold its facilities in 1978 to API. Some parties contend that NCR is also responsible for PCB discharges from paper mills owned by other companies because NCR carbonless copy paper "broke" was allegedly purchased by those other mills as a raw material. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (together, the Governments) developed clean-up plans for the upper and lower parts of the Fox River and for portions of the Bay of Green Bay. On November 13, 2007, the Governments issued a unilateral administrative order (the 2007 Order) under CERCLA to the eight original PRPs, requiring them to perform remedial work under the Governments’ clean-up plan for the lower parts of the river (operable units 2 through 5). In April 2009, NCR and API formed a limited liability company (the LLC), which entered into an agreement with an environmental remediation contractor to perform the work at the Fox River site. In-water dredging and remediation under the clean-up plan commenced shortly thereafter. 82 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) NCR and API, along with B.A.T Industries p.l.c. (BAT), share a portion of the cost of the Fox River clean-up and natural resource damages (NRD) based upon a 1998 agreement (the Cost Sharing Agreement), a 2005 arbitration award (subsequently confirmed as a judgment), and a September 30, 2014 Funding Agreement (the Funding Agreement). The Cost Sharing Agreement and the arbitration resolved disputes that arose out of the Company's 1978 sale of its Fox River facilities to API. The Cost Sharing Agreement and arbitration award resulted in a 45% share for NCR of the first $75 million of such costs (a threshold that was reached in 2008), and a 40% share for amounts in excess of $75 million. The Funding Agreement, which followed from a 2012 to 2014 dispute between NCR and API, provides for regular, ongoing funding of Fox River remediation costs by NCR and BAT, with contributions from API and its indemnitor, Windward Prospects. The Funding Agreement creates an obligation on certain of the non-NCR parties to fund 50% of NCR’s Fox River remediation costs from October 1, 2014 forward, with NCR funding the remaining 50%; the Funding Agreement also provides NCR opportunities to recoup, both indirectly from third parties and directly, the difference between BAT’s and API’s 60% obligation under the Cost Sharing Agreement and the 50% obligation under the Funding Agreement, as well as the difference between the amount the non-NCR parties paid under the Funding Agreement and the amount owed to NCR under the Cost Sharing Agreement for the period from April 2012 through the end of September 2014. Various litigation proceedings concerning the Fox River are pending, and, as the result of appellate decisions in September 2014, NCR’s potential liability for the Fox River matter, for purposes of calculating the Company’s Fox River reserve, is no longer considered to be 100% of the remediation costs in the lower parts of the river. In a contribution action filed in 2008 seeking to determine allocable responsibility of several companies and governmental entities, a federal court in Wisconsin had issued rulings in 2009 and 2011 that effectively placed all remediation liability on NCR for four of the five “operable units” of the site. In another part of the same lawsuit, the Company prevailed in a 2012 trial on claims seeking to hold it liable under an “arranger” theory for the most upriver portion of the site, operable unit 1. On September 25, 2014, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit issued its ruling on appeal. That ruling vacated the lower court’s contribution decisions that were adverse to NCR (i.e., it vacated “the decision to hold NCR responsible for all of the response costs at operable units 2 through 5 in contribution”), set aside an adverse judgment against the Company in the amount of $76 million, and affirmed the Company’s favorable verdict in the “arranger” liability trial with respect to operable unit 1. The case is on remand to the federal district court in Wisconsin for further proceedings, for potential consideration of additional factors noted by the appellate court, in which proceedings NCR will vigorously contest the amount of remediation costs allocable to it, and seek to recover from other parties portions of the costs it has previously paid. The case is scheduled for trial on June 13, 2016. In 2010, the Governments filed a lawsuit (the Government enforcement action) in Wisconsin federal court against the companies named in the 2007 Order. After a 2012 trial, in May 2013 that court held, among other things, that harm at the site is not divisible, and it entered a declaratory judgment against seven defendants (including NCR), finding them jointly and severally liable to comply with the applicable provisions of the 2007 Order. The court also issued an injunction against four companies (including NCR), ordering them to comply with the applicable provisions of the 2007 Order; through late 2014 only NCR had complied with the injunction. Several parties, including NCR, appealed from the judgment. In a companion opinion to the ruling described in the preceding paragraph, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, also on September 25, 2014, vacated the injunction, and also vacated the declaratory judgment that had been entered against the Company. (The declaratory judgment with respect to liability under the 2007 Order against another defendant, P.H. Glatfelter Company, which pursued its appeal on grounds different from those pursued by NCR, was affirmed.) The court also ruled that NCR’s defense based on divisibility of harm at the site, which the district court had rejected, must be reconsidered by that court. The case is on remand to the federal district court in Wisconsin for further proceedings, in which NCR will seek to have its divisibility defense upheld, and seek to have portions of remediation liability, including the responsibility to perform remaining work, apportioned to other parties. (With respect to remaining remediation work, one other PRP, GP, has agreed by virtue of an earlier settlement with the Governments that it is “liable to the United States . . . for performance of all response actions that the [2007 Order] requires for” the lower portion of operable unit 4 and operable unit 5.) In the remanded case the Governments filed a motion to restore the declaratory judgment against the Company in the quarter ending December 31, 2014; that motion is expected to be decided in the first or second quarter of 2015. In April 2012, the court ruled in the Government enforcement action that API did not have direct CERCLA liability to the Governments, without disturbing API’s continuing obligation to pay under the Cost Sharing Agreement, arbitration award and judgment. Following the court's decision and API's subsequent and disputed withdrawal from the LLC, API refused to pay for remediation costs and the Company funded the cost of remediation activity required under the injunction. In 2013 and 2014, the Company and API engaged in arbitration proceedings over API’s failure to pay. NCR’s claims for payment against API as of September 30, 2014 (prior to entry into the Funding Agreement) totaled to approximately $108 million, exclusive of interest. The arbitration dispute was generally superseded by the Funding Agreement, pursuant to which the Company received the sum of approximately $93 million on September 30, 2014, against its remediation funding from April 2012 through October 2014; the funds were contributed in differing portions by BAT, API and Windward Prospects. An additional $13 million was received under the Funding Agreement in the quarter ending December 31, 2014, against ongoing remediation expenses. The Company expects to continue to benefit in the future from the funds to be provided by the Funding Agreement 83 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) and will have the opportunity under it to recover, from third parties and/or BAT, the remainder of the funds it had sought to collect from API. NCR's eventual remediation liability, which is expected to be paid out over a period extending through approximately 2017, followed by long-term monitoring, will depend on a number of factors. In establishing the reserve, NCR attempts to estimate a range of reasonably possible outcomes for each of these factors, although each range is itself uncertain. NCR uses its best estimate within the range, if that is possible. Where there is a range of equally possible outcomes, and there is no amount within that range that is considered to be a better estimate than any other amount, NCR uses the low end of the range. In general, the most significant factors include: (1) the total clean- up costs, which are estimated at $825 million (there can be no assurances that this estimate will not be significantly higher as work progresses); (2) total NRD for the site (in connection with a consent decree settlement for other PRPs approved in December 2014, the government represented it would no longer seek additional NRD from the remaining parties); (3) the share of clean-up costs and NRD that NCR will bear, as determined in the litigation or otherwise; (4) NCR's transaction and litigation costs to defend itself in this matter; and (5) the share of NCR's payments that API and/or BAT will bear, which is established by the Cost Sharing Agreement, the arbitration award, the judgment and the Funding Agreement. Calculation of the Company's Fox River reserve is subject to several complexities, and it is possible there could be additional changes to some elements of the reserve over upcoming periods, although the Company is unable to predict or estimate such changes at this time. There can be no assurance that the clean-up and related expenditures and liabilities will not have a material effect on NCR's capital expenditures, earnings, financial condition, cash flows, or competitive position. As of December 31, 2014, the net reserve for the Fox River matter was approximately $40 million, compared to $112 million as of December 31, 2013. The decrease in the net reserve is due to payments for clean-up activities and litigation costs, and the reduction in NCR's estimated relative share of liability for remediation costs resulting from the court rulings discussed above. NCR contributes to the LLC in order to fund remediation activities and generally, by contract, has funded certain amounts of remediation expenses in advance. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, approximately zero remained from this funding. NCR's reserve for the Fox River matter is reduced as the LLC makes payments to the remediation contractor and other vendors with respect to remediation activities. Under a 1996 agreement, AT&T and Alcatel-Lucent are responsible severally (not jointly) for indemnifying NCR for certain portions of the amounts paid by NCR for the Fox River matter over a defined threshold and subject to certain offsets. (The agreement governs certain aspects of AT&T Corp.'s divestiture of NCR and of what was then known as Lucent Technologies.) NCR's estimate of what AT&T and Alcatel-Lucent remain obligated to pay under the indemnity totaled approximately $30 million and $51 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and is deducted in determining the net reserve discussed above. In connection with the Fox River and other matters, through December 31, 2014, NCR has received a combined total of approximately $173 million in settlements reached with its principal insurance carriers. Portions of most of these settlements are payable to a law firm that litigated the claims on the Company's behalf. Some of the settlements cover not only the Fox River but also other environmental sites. Of the total amount collected to date, $9 million is subject to competing claims by API. Kalamazoo River In November 2010, USEPA issued a "general notice letter" to NCR with respect to the Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/ Kalamazoo River Superfund Site (Kalamazoo River site) in Michigan. Three other companies - International Paper, Mead Corporation, and Consumers Energy - also received general notice letters at or about the same time. USEPA asserts that the site is contaminated by various substances, primarily PCBs, as a result of discharges by various paper mills located along the river. USEPA does not claim that the Company made direct discharges into the Kalamazoo River, but indicated that "NCR may be liable under Section 107 of CERCLA ... as an arranger, who by contract or agreement, arranged for the disposal, treatment and/or transportation of hazardous substances at the Site." USEPA stated that it "may issue special notice letters to [NCR] and other PRPs for future RI/FS [remedial investigation / feasibility studies] and RD/RA [remedial design / remedial action] negotiations." In connection with the Kalamazoo River site, in December 2010 the Company, along with two other defendants, was sued in federal court by three GP affiliate corporations in a contribution and cost recovery action for alleged pollution. The suit, pending in Michigan, asks that the Company pay a "fair portion" of these companies’ costs, which are represented in the complaint as $79 million to that point in time; various removal and remedial actions remain to be performed at the Kalamazoo River site, the costs for which have not been determined. The suit alleges that the Company is liable as an "arranger" under CERCLA. The initial phase of the case was tried in a Michigan federal court in February 2013; on September 26, 2013 the court issued a decision that held NCR was liable as an “arranger,” as of at least March 1969. (PCB-containing carbonless copy paper was produced from approximately 1954 to April 1971.) The Court did not determine NCR’s share of the overall liability or how NCR’s liability relates to the liability of other liable or potentially liable parties at the site. Relative shares of liability will be litigated in a subsequent phase of the case, with trial scheduled to commence on September 22, 2015; NCR has preserved its right to appeal the September 2013 decision. If the Company is found liable for money damages or otherwise with respect to the Kalamazoo River site, it would have claims against BAT and API under the Cost Sharing Agreement, the arbitration award, the judgment and the Funding Agreement discussed above in connection with the Fox River matter (the Funding 84 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Agreement may provide partial reimbursement of such damages depending on the extent of certain recoveries, if any, against third parties under its terms). The Company would also have claims against AT&T and Alcatel-Lucent under the arrangement discussed above in connection with the Fox River matter. Environmental Remediation Estimates It is difficult to estimate the future financial impact of environmental laws, including potential liabilities. NCR records environmental provisions when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount or range of the liability is reasonably estimable. Provisions for estimated losses from environmental restoration and remediation are, depending on the site, based generally on internal and third-party environmental studies, estimates as to the number and participation level of other PRPs, the extent of contamination, estimated amounts for attorney and other fees, and the nature of required clean-up and restoration actions. Reserves are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. Management expects that the amounts reserved from time to time will be paid out over the period of investigation, negotiation, remediation and restoration for the applicable sites. The amounts provided for environmental matters in NCR's Consolidated Financial Statements are the estimated gross undiscounted amounts of such liabilities, without deductions for indemnity insurance, third-party indemnity claims or recoveries from other PRPs, except as qualified in the following sentences. Except for the sharing agreement with API described above with respect to a particular insurance settlement, in those cases where insurance carriers or third-party indemnitors have agreed to pay any amounts and management believes that collectibility of such amounts is probable, the amounts are recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For the Fox River site, as described above, assets relating to the AT&T and Alcatel-Lucent indemnity and to the API/BAT obligations are recorded as payment is supported by contractual agreements, public filings and/or payment history. Guarantees and Product Warranties Guarantees associated with NCR’s business activities are reviewed for appropriateness and impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, NCR had no material obligations related to such guarantees, and therefore its Consolidated Financial Statements do not have any associated liability balance. NCR provides its customers a standard manufacturer’s warranty and records, at the time of the sale, a corresponding estimated liability for potential warranty costs. Estimated future obligations due to warranty claims are based upon historical factors, such as labor rates, average repair time, travel time, number of service calls per machine and cost of replacement parts. When a sale is consummated, the total customer revenue is recognized, provided that all revenue recognition criteria are otherwise satisfied, and the associated warranty liability is recorded using pre-established warranty percentages for the respective product classes. From time to time, product design or quality corrections are accomplished through modification programs. When identified, associated costs of labor and parts for such programs are estimated and accrued as part of the warranty reserve. The Company recorded the activity related to the warranty reserve for the the years ended December 31 as follows: In millions Warranty reserve liability Beginning balance as of January 1 Accruals for warranties issued Settlements (in cash or in kind) Ending balance as of December 31 2014 2013 2012 $ $ 22 37 (37) 22 $ $ 26 39 (43) 22 $ $ 23 46 (43) 26 In addition, NCR provides its customers with certain indemnification rights. In general, NCR agrees to indemnify the customer if a third party asserts patent or other infringement on the part of its customers for its use of the Company’s products subject to certain conditions that are generally standard within the Company’s industries. On limited occasions the Company will undertake additional indemnification obligations for business reasons. From time to time, NCR also enters into agreements in connection with its acquisition and divestiture activities that include indemnification obligations by the Company. The fair value of these indemnification obligations is not readily determinable due to the conditional nature of the Company’s potential obligations and the specific facts and circumstances involved with each particular agreement. The Company has not recorded a liability in connection with these indemnifications, and no current indemnification instance is material to the Company’s financial position. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of agreements have not had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Purchase Commitments The Company has purchase commitments for materials, supplies, services, and property, plant and equipment as part of the normal course of business. This includes a long-term service agreement with Accenture under which many of NCR's key transaction processing activities and functions are performed. Leases NCR conducts certain of its sales and manufacturing operations using leased facilities, and also operates certain equipment and vehicles under leases, the initial lease terms of which vary in length. Many of the leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses 85 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) that are not material to the overall lease portfolio. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2014, for the following fiscal years were: In millions Minimum lease obligations 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 $ 92 $ 66 $ 46 $ 19 $ 13 Total rental expense for operating leases was $128 million in 2014, $118 million in 2013, and $102 million in 2012. 11. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING INSTRUMENTS NCR is exposed to risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. NCR utilizes a variety of measures to monitor and manage these risks, including the use of derivative financial instruments. NCR has exposure to approximately 50 functional currencies. Since a substantial portion of our operations and revenues occur outside the U.S., and in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, our results can be significantly impacted, both positively and negatively, by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign Currency Exchange Risk The accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging requires companies to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company designates foreign exchange contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions when they are determined to be highly effective at inception. Our risk management strategy includes hedging, on behalf of certain subsidiaries, a portion of our forecasted, non-functional currency denominated cash flows for a period of up to 15 months. As a result, some of the impact of currency fluctuations on non-functional currency denominated transactions (and hence on subsidiary operating income, as stated in the functional currency), is mitigated in the near term. The amount we hedge and the duration of hedge contracts may vary significantly. In the longer term (greater than 15 months), the subsidiaries are still subject to the effect of translating the functional currency results to U.S. Dollars. To manage our exposures and mitigate the impact of currency fluctuations on the operations of our foreign subsidiaries, we hedge our main transactional exposures through the use of foreign exchange forward and option contracts. This is primarily done through the hedging of foreign currency denominated inter-company inventory purchases by NCR’s marketing units and the foreign currency denominated inputs to our manufacturing units. The related foreign exchange contracts are designated as highly effective cash flow hedges. The gains or losses on these hedges are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) and reclassified to income when the underlying hedged transaction is recorded in earnings. As of December 31, 2014, the balance in AOCI related to foreign exchange derivative transactions was zero. The gains or losses from derivative contracts related to inventory purchases are recorded in cost of products when the inventory is sold to an unrelated third party. We also utilize foreign exchange contracts to hedge our exposure of assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies. We recognize the gains and losses on these types of hedges in earnings as exchange rates change. We do not enter into hedges for speculative purposes. Interest Rate Risk The Company is party to an interest rate swap agreement that fixes the interest rate on a portion of the Company's LIBOR indexed floating rate borrowings under its Senior Secured Credit Facility through August 22, 2016. The notional amount of the interest rate swap as of December 31, 2014 was $462 million and amortizes to $341 million over the term. The Company designates the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge of forecasted quarterly interest payments made on three-month LIBOR indexed borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility. The interest rate swap was determined to be highly effective at inception. Our risk management strategy includes hedging a portion of our forecasted interest payments. These transactions are forecasted and the related interest rate swap agreement is designated as a highly effective cash flow hedge. The gains or losses on this hedge are deferred in AOCI and reclassified to income when the underlying hedged transaction is recorded in earnings. As of December 31, 2014, the balance in AOCI related to the interest rate swap agreement was a loss of $3 million, net of tax. 86 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The following tables provide information on the location and amounts of derivative fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets: In millions Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Interest rate swap Foreign exchange contracts Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Foreign exchange contracts Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Total derivatives In millions Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Interest rate swap Foreign exchange contracts Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Foreign exchange contracts Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Total derivatives Fair Values of Derivative Instruments December 31, 2014 Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value Other current assets Other current assets $— — Other current liabilities and other liabilities (1) $— — Other current liabilities $462 — Other current assets $186 $— $1 1 $1 Other current liabilities $330 $5 5 $11 $6 — $6 Fair Values of Derivative Instruments December 31, 2013 Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value Other current assets Other current assets $— 103 Other current assets $162 Other current liabilities and other liabilities (1) Other current liabilities $518 — $10 — $10 Other current liabilities $158 $1 1 $11 $— 1 $1 $1 1 $2 (1) As of December 31, 2014, approximately $4 million was recorded in other current liabilities and $2 million was recorded in other liabilities related to the interest rate swap. As of December 31, 2013, approximately $3 million was recorded in other current liabilities and $7 million was recorded in other liabilities related to the interest rate swap. 87 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The effects of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31were as follows: Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) on Derivative (Effective Portion) Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into the Consolidated Statement of Operations (Effective Portion) Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) For the year ended December 31, 2014 For the year ended December 31, 2013 For the year ended December 31, 2012 $(2) $— (12) $1 $2 (2) Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into the Consolidated Statement of Operations (Effective Portion) Interest expense Cost of products For the year ended December 31, 2014 For the year ended December 31, 2013 For the year ended December 31, 2012 $(5) $(7) $(5) $1 $1 $4 Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) Interest expense Other (expense), net For the year ended December 31, 2014 For the year ended December 31, 2013 For the year ended December 31, 2012 $— $— $— $— $— $— Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Interest rate swap Foreign exchange contracts In millions Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments Foreign exchange contracts Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations Other (expense), net For the year ended December 31, 2014 $11 For the year ended December 31, 2013 For the year ended December 31, 2012 $(19) $(8) Refer to Note 12, “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities,” for further information on derivative assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Concentration of Credit Risk NCR is potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk on accounts receivable and financial instruments such as hedging instruments and cash and cash equivalents. Credit risk includes the risk of nonperformance by counterparties. The maximum potential loss may exceed the amount recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Exposure to credit risk is managed through credit approvals, credit limits, selecting major international financial institutions (as counterparties to hedging transactions) and monitoring procedures. NCR’s business often involves large transactions with customers, and if one or more of those customers were to default on its obligations under applicable contractual arrangements, the Company could be exposed to potentially significant losses. However, management believes that the reserves for potential losses are adequate. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, NCR did not have any major concentration of credit risk related to financial instruments. 88 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) 12. FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are set forth as follows: In millions Assets: Deposits held in money market mutual funds (1) Available for sale securities (2) Foreign exchange contracts (3) Total Liabilities: Interest rate swap (4) Foreign exchange contracts (4) Total In millions Assets: Deposits held in money market mutual funds (1) Available for sale securities (2) Foreign exchange contracts (3) Total Liabilities: Interest rate swap (4) Foreign exchange contracts (4) Total Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014 Using Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) December 31, 2014 $ $ $ $ 82 — 1 83 6 5 11 $ $ $ $ 82 — — 82 $ $ — $ — — $ — $ — 1 1 6 5 11 $ $ $ — — — — — — — Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 Using Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) December 31, 2013 $ $ $ $ 9 8 2 19 10 1 11 $ $ $ $ 9 8 — 17 $ $ — $ — — $ — $ — 2 2 $ 10 1 11 $ $ — — — — — — — _____________ (1) (2) (3) (4) Included in Cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Included in Other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Included in Other current liabilities and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Deposits Held in Money Market Mutual Funds A portion of the Company’s excess cash is held in money market mutual funds which generate interest income based on prevailing market rates. Money market mutual fund holdings are measured at fair value using quoted market prices and are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Available-For-Sale Securities The Company had investments in mutual funds and equity securities that were valued using the market approach with quotations from stock exchanges in Japan. As a result, available-for-sale securities were classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Interest rate swap As a result of our Senior Secured Credit Facility, we are exposed to risk from changes in LIBOR, which may adversely affect our financial condition. To manage our exposure and mitigate the impact of changes in LIBOR on our financial results, we hedge a portion of our forecasted interest payments through the use of an interest rate swap agreement. The interest rate swap is valued using the income approach inclusive of nonperformance and counterparty risk considerations and is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. 89 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Foreign Exchange Contracts As a result of our global operating activities, we are exposed to risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which may adversely affect our financial condition. To manage our exposures and mitigate the impact of currency fluctuations on our financial results, we hedge our primary transactional exposures through the use of foreign exchange forward and option contracts. The foreign exchange contracts are valued using the market approach based on observable market transactions of forward rates and are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis From time to time, certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). NCR reviews the carrying values of investments when events and circumstances warrant and considers all available evidence in evaluating when declines in fair value are other-than-temporary declines. During 2014 and 2012, we measured the fair value of investments utilizing the income approach based on the use of discounted cash flows. The discounted cash flows are based on unobservable inputs, including assumptions of projected revenues, expenses, earnings, capital spending, as well as a discount rate determined by management’s estimates of risk associated with the investment. As a result, for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2012, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges of $3 million and $7 million, respectively, in other (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on Level 3 valuations. As of December 31, 2014 and 2012, there was no remaining carrying value of the related investments. See Note 2, "Restructuring Plan," for additional information on the charge recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014. No impairment charges or material non-recurring fair value adjustments were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2013. 13. SEGMENT INFORMATION AND CONCENTRATIONS Operating Segment Information The Company manages and reports its businesses in the following four segments: • Financial Services - We offer solutions to enable customers in the financial services industry to reduce costs, generate new revenue streams and enhance customer loyalty. These solutions include a comprehensive line of ATM and payment processing hardware and software; cash management and video banking software and customer-facing digital banking services; and related installation, maintenance, and managed and professional services. We also offer a complete line of printer consumables. • Retail Solutions - We offer solutions to customers in the retail industry designed to improve selling productivity and checkout processes as well as increase service levels. These solutions primarily include retail-oriented technologies, such as point of sale terminals and point of sale software; an omni-channel retail software platform with a comprehensive suite of retail software applications; innovative self-service kiosks, such as self-checkout; as well as bar-code scanners. We also offer installation, maintenance, managed and professional services and a complete line of printer consumables. • Hospitality - We offer technology solutions to customers in the hospitality industry, serving businesses that range from a single store or restaurant to global chains and sports and entertainment venues. Our solutions include point of sale hardware and software solutions, installation, maintenance, managed and professional services and a complete line of printer consumables. • Emerging Industries - We offer maintenance as well as managed and professional services for third-party computer hardware provided to select manufacturers, primarily in the telecommunications industry, who value and leverage our global service capability. Also included in our Emerging Industries segment are solutions designed to enhance the customer experience for the travel industry, such as self-service kiosks, and the small business industry, such as an all-in-one point of sale solution. Additionally, we offer installation, maintenance, and managed and professional services. These segments represent components of the Company for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker in assessing segment performance and in allocating the Company's resources. Management evaluates the performance of the segments based on revenue and segment operating income. Assets are not allocated to segments, and thus are not included in the assessment of segment performance, and consequently, we do not disclose total assets by reportable segment. The accounting policies used to determine the results of the operating segments are the same as those utilized for the consolidated financial statements as a whole. Intersegment sales and transfers are not material. In recognition of the volatility of the effects of pension expense on our segment results, and to maintain operating focus on business performance, pension expense (benefit), as well as other significant, non-recurring items, are excluded from the segment operating results utilized by our chief operating decision maker in evaluating segment performance and are separately delineated to reconcile to income from operations. 90 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The following table presents revenue and operating income by segment for the years ended December 31: In millions Revenue by segment Financial Services (1) Retail Solutions (2) Hospitality Emerging Industries Consolidated revenue Operating income by segment Financial Services (1) Retail Solutions (2) Hospitality Emerging Industries Subtotal - segment operating income Pension expense (benefit) Other adjustments(3) Income from operations 2014 2013 2012 $ $ 3,561 2,008 659 363 6,591 543 155 91 31 820 152 315 353 $ $ 3,115 2,034 626 348 6,123 356 205 100 56 717 (78) 129 666 $ $ 3,201 1,667 522 340 5,730 327 102 85 75 589 (224) 65 748 (1) From the acquisition date of January 10, 2014 through December 31, 2014, Digital Insight contributed $349 million in revenue and $104 million, in segment operating income to the Financial Services segment. (2) From the acquisition date of February 6, 2013 through December 31, 2013, Retalix contributed $298 million in revenue and $53 million in segment operating income to the Retail Solutions segment. (3) The following table presents the other adjustments for NCR for the years ended December 31: In millions Restructuring plan Acquisition-related amortization of intangible assets Acquisition-related costs Acquisition-related purchase price adjustments OFAC and FCPA investigations Total other adjustments 2014 2013 2012 $ $ 160 119 27 6 3 315 $ $ — $ 65 46 15 3 129 $ — 38 23 — 4 65 The following table presents revenue from products and services for NCR for the years ended December 31: In millions Product revenue Professional services, installation services and cloud revenue Total solution revenue Support services revenue Total revenue 2014 2013 2012 $ $ 2,892 1,710 4,602 1,989 6,591 $ $ 2,912 1,259 4,171 1,952 6,123 $ $ 2,854 927 3,781 1,949 5,730 91 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Revenues are attributed to the geographic area/country to which the product is delivered or in which the service is provided. The following table presents revenue by geographic area for NCR for the years ended December 31: In millions Revenue by Geographic Area United States Americas (excluding United States) Europe Asia Middle East Africa Consolidated revenue 2014 % 2013 % 2012 % $ 2,723 634 1,594 1,640 6,591 $ 41% $ 10% 24% 25% 100% $ 2,383 647 1,492 1,601 6,123 39% $ 2,198 11% 24% 26% 100% $ 625 1,459 1,448 5,730 38% 11% 26% 25% 100% The following table presents property, plant and equipment by geographic area as of December 31: In millions Property, plant and equipment, net United States Americas (excluding United States) Europe Japan Asia Middle East Africa (excluding Japan) Consolidated property, plant and equipment, net 2014 2013 $ $ 188 $ 26 54 35 93 396 $ 153 22 56 41 80 352 Concentrations No single customer accounts for more than 10% of NCR’s consolidated revenue. As of December 31, 2014, NCR is not aware of any significant concentration of business transacted with a particular customer that could, if suddenly eliminated, have a material adverse effect on NCR’s operations. NCR also lacks a concentration of available sources of labor, services, licenses or other rights that could, if suddenly eliminated, have a material adverse effect on its operations. A number of NCR’s products, systems and solutions rely primarily on specific suppliers for microprocessors and other component products, manufactured assemblies, operating systems, commercial software and other central components. NCR also utilizes contract manufacturers in order to complete manufacturing activities. There can be no assurances that any sudden impact to the availability or cost of these technologies or services would not have a material adverse effect on NCR’s operations. 14. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax includes activity related to environmental matters, the divestiture of our Entertainment business, and the spin-off of Teradata Data Warehousing (Teradata). The income (loss) from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31 was: 2014 2013 2012 Pre - Tax Net of Tax Pre - Tax Net of Tax Pre - Tax Net of Tax Environmental matters Divestiture of the Entertainment business Spin-off of Teradata Total $ $ 16 $ 10 $ (15) $ (9) $ 3 $ — — 16 $ — — 10 $ — — (15) $ — — (9) $ (6) — (3) $ 2 (4) 8 6 Environmental Matters For the the year ended December 31, 2014, income from discontinued operations primarily includes changes in estimates related to the Fox River reserve partially offset by accruals for litigation fees related to the Kalamazoo River environmental matter. For the year ended December 31, 2013, loss from discontinued operations primarily includes changes in estimates related to the Fox River reserve in addition to accruals for litigation fees related to the Kalamazoo River environmental matter, partially offset by recoveries from insurance carriers. For the year ended December 31, 2012, income from discontinued operations primarily includes 92 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) previously agreed settlements with insurance carriers related to the Fox River matter. Refer to Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional information regarding the Fox River and Kalamazoo River environmental matters. Divestiture of the Entertainment Business As described in Note 4, "Business Combinations and Divestitures," on June 22, 2012, we sold certain assets of our Entertainment business. Beginning in the first quarter of 2012, we accounted for the Entertainment business as a discontinued operation and as a result, for each period presented, the results of operations and cash flows of the Entertainment business have been presented as a discontinued operation. For the year ended December 31, 2012, income (loss) from discontinued operations included the results of operations of the Entertainment business, as well as a $33 million, or $21 million net of tax, gain from the divestiture of the business. Spin-off of Teradata On September 30, 2007, NCR completed the spin-off of Teradata through the distribution of a tax-free stock dividend to NCR stockholders. The results of operations and cash flows of Teradata have been presented as a discontinued operation. There was no operating activity related to the spin-off of Teradata in 2014 and 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2012, income from discontinued operations, net of tax, related to favorable changes in uncertain tax benefits attributable to Teradata. 15. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (AOCI) Changes in AOCI by Component The changes in AOCI or the years ended December 31 are as follows: in millions Currency Translation Adjustments Changes in Employee Benefit Plans Changes in Fair Value of Effective Cash Flow Hedges Changes in Fair Value of Available for Sale Securities Total Balance at December 31, 2012 $ (6) $ (22) $ (10) $ 1 $ (37) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from AOCI Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income Balance at December 31, 2013 $ Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from AOCI Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income (46) — (46) (52) $ (73) — (73) Balance at December 31, 2014 $ (125) $ 50 (12) 38 16 $ (12) (12) (24) (8) $ 1 4 5 (5) $ (1) 3 2 (3) $ 2 — 2 3 $ — (3) (3) — $ 7 (8) (1) (38) (86) (12) (98) (136) 93 Table of Contents Reclassifications Out of AOCI NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) The reclassifications out of AOCI for the years ended December 31 are as follows: in millions Affected line in Consolidated Statement of Operations: Cost of services Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Interest expense Other (expense), net Total before tax Tax expense Total reclassifications, net of tax in millions Affected line in Consolidated Statement of Operations: Cost of products Cost of services Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Interest expense Total before tax Tax expense Total reclassifications, net of tax For the year ended December 31, 2014 Employee Benefit Plans Actuarial Losses Recognized Amortization of Prior Service Benefit Effective Cash Flow Hedges Securities Total — — — — — — $ (10) (6) (4) — — (20) $ — — — 4 — 4 $ $ — — — — (4) $ (4) $ $ For the year ended December 31, 2013 Employee Benefit Plans Actuarial Losses Recognized Amortization of Prior Service Benefit Effective Cash Flow Hedges Total — 5 2 1 — 8 $ (2) (15) (9) (4) — (30) $ $ (1) — — — 7 6 $ $ (10) (6) (4) 4 (4) (20) 8 (12) (3) (10) (7) (3) 7 (16) 8 (8) 94 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) 16. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION The Company's 5.00% Notes, 4.625% Notes, 5.875% Notes and 6.375% Notes are guaranteed by the Company's subsidiary, NCR International, Inc. (Guarantor Subsidiary), which is 100% owned by the Company and has guaranteed fully and unconditionally the obligations to pay principal and interest for these senior unsecured notes. The guarantees are subject to release under certain circumstances as described below: • • • • • the designation of the Guarantor Subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary under the indenture governing the notes; the release of the Guarantor Subsidiary from its guarantee under the senior secured credit facility; the release or discharge the indebtedness that required the guarantee of the notes by the Guarantor Subsidiary; the permitted sale or other disposition of the Guarantor Subsidiary to a third party; and the Company's exercise of its legal defeasance option of its covenant defeasance option under the indenture governing the notes. Refer to Note 6, "Debt Obligations," for additional information. Pursuant to registration rights agreements entered into in connection with the offerings of the 5.00% and 4.625% Notes, the Company completed registered offers to exchange the 5.00% and 4.625% Notes on May 30, 2013. Pursuant to registration rights agreements entered into in connection with the offerings of the 5.875% and 6.375% Notes, the Company completed registered offers to exchange the 5.875% and 6.375% Notes on July 22, 2014. In connection with the registration statements for the exchange offers of the 5.00% Notes, 4.625% Notes, 5.875% Notes and 6.375% Notes, the Company is required to comply with Rule 3-10 of SEC Regulation S-X (Rule 3-10), and has therefore included the accompanying Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements in accordance with Rule 3-10(f) of SEC Regulation S-X. The following supplemental information sets forth, on a consolidating basis, the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), the condensed balance sheets and the condensed statements of cash flows for the parent issuer of these senior unsecured notes, for the Guarantor Subsidiary and for the Company and all of its consolidated subsidiaries (amounts in millions): 95 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Consolidating Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the year ended December 31, 2014 Parent Issuer $ 1,039 $ Guarantor Subsidiary Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated (in millions) Product revenue Service revenue Total revenue Cost of products Cost of services Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Restructuring-related charges Total operating expenses Income (loss) from operations Interest expense Other (expense) income, net Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes Income tax expense (benefit) Income (loss) from continuing operations before earnings in subsidiaries Equity in earnings of consolidated subsidiaries Income (loss) from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income (loss) Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income (loss) attributable to NCR Total comprehensive income (loss) Less comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to NCR common stockholders $ $ $ 1,254 2,293 828 996 483 148 32 2,487 (194) (177) 38 (333) (173) (160) 341 181 10 191 — 191 93 — $ $ 111 28 139 41 13 2 — 1 57 82 (1) (4) 77 68 9 392 401 — 401 — 401 319 — $ 2,137 $ 2,417 4,554 1,679 1,697 527 115 71 4,089 465 (75) 3 393 57 336 — 336 — 336 4 332 229 1 $ $ $ $ (395) $ — (395) (395) — — — — (395) — 72 (72) — — — (733) (733) — (733) $ — (733) $ (547) — 2,892 3,699 6,591 2,153 2,706 1,012 263 104 6,238 353 (181) (35) 137 (48) 185 — 185 10 195 4 191 94 1 93 93 $ 319 $ 228 $ (547) $ 96 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Consolidating Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the year ended December 31, 2013 Parent Issuer Guarantor Subsidiary Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated $ 1,107 $ 85 $ 1,977 $ (in millions) Product revenue Service revenue Total revenue Cost of products Cost of services Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Total operating expenses Income (loss) from operations Interest expense Other (expense) income, net Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes Income tax expense (benefit) Income (loss) from continuing operations before earnings in subsidiaries Equity in earnings of consolidated subsidiaries Income (loss) from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income (loss) Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income (loss) attributable to NCR Total comprehensive income (loss) Less comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to NCR common stockholders $ $ $ 1,232 2,339 844 880 467 94 2,285 54 (104) (12) (62) (23) (39) 491 452 (9) 443 — 443 442 — $ $ 24 109 17 9 5 — 31 78 2 (8) 72 25 47 409 456 — 456 — 456 331 — $ $ 1,955 3,932 1,548 1,342 399 109 3,398 534 (6) 16 544 96 448 — 448 — 448 4 444 437 $ $ (257) $ — (257) (257) — — — (257) — 5 (5) — — — (900) (900) — (900) $ — (900) $ (771) 2,912 3,211 6,123 2,152 2,231 871 203 5,457 666 (103) (9) 554 98 456 — 456 (9) 447 4 443 439 (3) 442 (3) — 442 $ 331 $ 440 $ (771) $ 97 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Consolidating Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the year ended December 31, 2012 Guarantor Subsidiary Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated Parent Issuer $ 1,155 $ (in millions) Product revenue Service revenue Total revenue Cost of products Cost of services Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Total operating expenses Income (loss) from operations Interest expense Other (expense) income, net Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes Income tax expense (benefit) Income (loss) from continuing operations before earnings in subsidiaries Equity in earnings of consolidated subsidiaries Income (loss) from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income (loss) Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income (loss) attributable to NCR Total comprehensive income (loss) Less comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to NCR common stockholders $ $ $ 1,180 2,335 865 682 399 66 2,012 323 (46) (102) 175 93 82 396 478 3 481 — 481 463 — $ $ 112 25 137 31 11 5 — 47 90 (1) (3) 86 61 25 177 202 — 202 — 202 297 — $ 1,869 $ 1,671 3,540 1,530 1,248 338 89 3,205 335 (4) 106 437 69 368 — 368 3 371 — 371 362 $ $ $ $ (282) $ — (282) (282) — — — (282) — 9 (9) — — — (573) (573) — (573) $ — (573) $ (663) (4) — 2,854 2,876 5,730 2,144 1,941 742 155 4,982 748 (42) (8) 698 223 475 — 475 6 481 — 481 459 (4) 463 463 $ 297 $ 366 $ (663) $ 98 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Consolidating Balance Sheet December 31, 2014 (in millions) Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventories Due from affiliates Other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangibles, net Prepaid pension cost Deferred income taxes Investments in subsidiaries Due from affiliates Other assets Total assets Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities Short-term borrowings Accounts payable Payroll and benefits liabilities Deferred service revenue and customer deposits Due to affiliates Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-term debt Pension and indemnity plan liabilities Postretirement and postemployment benefits liabilities Income tax accruals Environmental liabilities Due to affiliates Other liabilities Total liabilities Redeemable noncontrolling interest Stockholders’ equity Total NCR stockholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity Parent Issuer Guarantor Subsidiary Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated $ 9 19 6 1,228 28 1,290 1 — — — 128 1,771 20 49 3,259 — — — 21 124 10 155 — — — 10 — 41 — 206 — 3,053 — 3,053 3,259 $ 462 1,316 421 476 280 2,955 234 1,882 730 551 43 — 41 113 6,549 102 464 111 324 888 377 2,266 18 314 145 168 — 1,130 244 4,285 15 2,237 12 2,249 6,549 $ — — — (2,330) (98) (2,428) — — — — (185) (5,290) (1,188) — (9,091) $ — — — — (2,330) (98) (2,428) — — — — — (1,188) (185) (3,801) — (5,290) — (5,290) (9,091) $ $ 511 1,404 669 — 504 3,088 396 2,760 926 551 349 — — 537 8,607 187 712 196 494 — 481 2,070 3,472 705 170 181 44 — 67 6,709 15 1,871 12 1,883 8,607 40 69 242 626 294 1,271 161 878 196 — 363 3,519 1,127 375 7,890 85 248 85 149 1,318 192 2,077 3,454 391 25 3 44 17 8 6,019 — 1,871 — 1,871 7,890 $ $ 99 $ $ Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Consolidating Balance Sheet December 31, 2013 (in millions) Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Accounts receivable, net Inventories Due from affiliates Other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangibles, net Prepaid pension cost Deferred income taxes Investments in subsidiaries Due from affiliates Other assets Total assets Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities Short-term borrowings Accounts payable Payroll and benefits liabilities Deferred service revenue and customer deposits Due to affiliates Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-term debt Pension and indemnity plan liabilities Postretirement and postemployment benefits liabilities Income tax accruals Environmental liabilities Due to affiliates Other liabilities Total liabilities Redeemable noncontrolling interest Stockholders’ equity Total NCR stockholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity Parent Issuer Guarantor Subsidiary Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated 442 — 901 460 298 209 2,310 205 662 260 478 52 — 45 96 4,108 6 415 112 358 355 261 1,507 24 298 144 175 — 32 81 2,261 14 1,819 14 1,833 4,108 $ — — — — (1,485) (26) (1,511) — — — — — (4,592) (93) — (6,196) $ — — — — (1,485) (26) (1,511) — — — — — (93) — (1,604) — (4,592) — (4,592) (6,196) $ $ 528 1,114 1,339 790 — 568 4,339 352 1,534 494 478 441 — — 470 8,108 34 670 191 525 — 461 1,881 3,320 532 169 189 121 — 99 6,311 14 1,769 14 1,783 8,108 75 1,114 424 319 333 360 2,625 146 872 234 — 321 2,665 28 334 7,225 28 254 78 155 1,007 219 1,741 3,296 234 25 4 121 17 18 5,456 — 1,769 — 1,769 7,225 $ $ $ $ 11 — 14 11 854 25 915 1 — — — 68 1,927 20 40 2,971 — 1 1 12 123 7 144 — — — 10 — 44 — 198 — 2,773 — 2,773 2,971 $ $ 100 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended December 31, 2014 (in millions) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Investing activities Expenditures for property, plant and equipment Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment Additions to capitalized software Business acquisitions, net Change in restricted cash Proceeds from (payments of) intercompany notes Investments in equity affiliates Other investing activities, net Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities Financing activities Short term borrowings, net Payments on term credit facilities Borrowings on term credit facilities Payments on revolving credit facilities Borrowings on revolving credit facilities Debt issuance costs Tax withholding payments on behalf of employees Proceeds from employee stock plans Other financing activities Dividend distribution to consolidated subsidiaries Equity contribution Borrowings (repayments) of intercompany notes Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Cash flows from discontinued operations Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at end of period Parent Issuer Guarantor Subsidiary Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated $ 401 $ (108) $ 331 $ (100) $ 524 (67) 1 (58) — — — — 7 (117) — (3) — (104) 200 (1) — — (4) (100) 2 (148) (158) — (36) 20 442 462 (51) — (82) (1,647) 1,114 42 (2) (5) (631) — (34) 250 (946) 946 (4) (28) 13 (1) — — — 196 (1) — (35) 75 — — — — — 106 — — 106 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (2) 11 $ 40 $ 9 $ 101 — — — — — (148) 2 — (146) — — — — — — — — — 100 (2) 148 246 — — — — $ — $ (118) 1 (140) (1,647) 1,114 — — 2 (788) — (37) 250 (1,050) 1,146 (5) (28) 13 (5) — — — 284 (1) (36) (17) 528 511 Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended December 31, 2013 Parent Issuer Guarantor Subsidiary Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated $ (7) $ 15 $ 312 $ (39) $ 281 (in millions) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Investing activities Expenditures for property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment Additions to capitalized software Business acquisitions, net Dispositions Changes in restricted cash Proceeds from (payments of) intercompany notes Investments in equity affiliates Other investing activities, net Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities Financing activities Short term borrowings, net Payments on term credit facilities Borrowings on term credit facilities Payments on revolving credit facilities Borrowings on revolving credit facilities Proceeds from bond offering Debt issuance costs Tax withholding payments on behalf of employees Proceeds from employee stock plans Dividend distribution to minority shareholders Dividend distribution to consolidated subsidiaries Equity contribution Borrowings (repayments) of intercompany notes Purchase on non-controlling interest Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Cash flows from discontinued operations Net cash used in operating activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period (35) 2 (81) (207) — (1,114) (54) (308) 5 (1,792) — (35) 300 (1,009) 1,009 1,100 (36) (30) 57 — — — — — 1,356 (52) (1) (496) 571 (6) — — — — — — (33) — (39) — — — — — — — — — — — 30 — — 30 — (1) 5 6 11 (75) 8 (29) (756) 183 — — — — — — — 183 (183) — 54 341 — (116) 10 (110) (780) — (1,114) — — 5 (669) (1,792) (2,105) (1) — 29 — — — — — — (3) (39) 311 54 (24) 327 — (20) (50) 492 — — — — — — — — — — 39 (341) (54) — (1) (35) 329 (1,009) 1,009 1,100 (36) (30) 57 (3) — — — (24) (356) 1,357 — — — — (52) (22) (541) 1,069 528 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 75 $ 102 $ 442 $ — $ Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended December 31, 2012 (in millions) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Investing activities Expenditures for property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment Additions to capitalized software Business acquisitions, net Proceeds from (payments of) intercompany notes Investments in equity affiliates Other investing activities, net Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities Financing activities Borrowings on term credit facilities Payments on revolving credit facilities Borrowings on revolving credit facilities Proceeds from bond offering Debt issuance costs Tax withholding payments on behalf of employees Proceeds from employee stock plans Dividend distribution to minority shareholders Dividend distribution to consolidated subsidiaries Equity contribution Borrowings (repayments) of intercompany notes Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Cash flows from discontinued operations Net cash used in operating activities Net cash provided by investing activities Net cash used in discontinued operations Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ Parent Issuer Guarantor Subsidiary Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated $ (372) $ (9) $ 211 $ (10) $ (180) — — — — (107) 111 — 4 — — — — — — — — 10 (111) 107 6 — — — — — — — $ (80) 8 (80) (108) — — 4 (256) 150 (860) 720 1,100 (19) (12) 53 (1) — — — 1,131 (114) 99 (15) (9) 671 398 1,069 (36) 8 (17) (38) 11 — — (72) — — — — — — — (1) (8) 111 (96) 6 — — — (8) 137 355 492 $ $ — — — — 96 (90) — 6 — — — — — — — — (2) — — (2) — — — — (5) 11 6 (44) — (63) (70) — (21) 4 (194) 150 (860) 720 1,100 (19) (12) 53 — — — (11) 1,121 (114) 99 (15) (1) 539 32 571 103 $ Table of Contents NCR Corporation Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-(Continued) 17. QUARTERLY INFORMATION (unaudited) In millions, except per share amounts 2014 Total revenue Gross margin Operating income Income from continuing operations (attributable to NCR) Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income attributable to NCR Income per share attributable to NCR common stockholders: Income per common share from continuing operations Basic Diluted Net income per common share: Basic Diluted 2013 Total revenue Gross margin Operating income Income from continuing operations (attributable to NCR) (Loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net income attributable to NCR Income per share attributable to NCR common stockholders: Income per common share from continuing operations Basic Diluted Net income per common share: Basic Diluted First Second Third Fourth $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,518 416 108 53 — 53 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.31 1,410 369 85 62 (1) 61 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,658 480 169 90 — 90 0.54 0.53 0.54 0.53 1,535 426 139 86 — 86 0.52 0.51 0.52 0.51 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,647 404 41 — 15 15 $ $ 1,768 432 35 38 (5) 33 — $ — $ 0.09 0.09 1,508 415 145 98 — 98 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.58 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.19 1,670 530 297 206 (8) 198 1.24 1.21 1.19 1.16 Operating income for the quarter ended December 31, 2014 was impacted by actuarial losses related to the remeasurement of our pension plan assets and liabilities. The actuarial losses included in pension expense recognized in the quarter ended December 31, 2014 decreased operating income by $150 million, net income attributable to NCR by $74 million, basic earnings per share by $0.44, and diluted earnings per share by $0.43. Operating income for the quarter ended December 31, 2013 was impacted by actuarial gains related to the remeasurement of our pension plan assets and liabilities. The actuarial gains included in pension benefit recognized in the quarter ended December 31, 2013 increased operating income by $104 million, net income attributable to NCR by $73 million, basic earnings per share by $0.44, and diluted earnings per share by $0.43. Net income per share in each quarter is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during that quarter while net income per share for the full year is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the year. Thus, the sum of the four quarters’ net income per share will not necessarily equal the full-year net income per share. 104 Table of Contents Item 9. DISCLOSURE None. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures NCR has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)) to ensure that information required to be disclosed by NCR in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by NCR in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to NCR’s management, including its Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Report, conducted under their supervision and with the participation of management, the Company’s Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers have concluded that NCR’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to meet such objectives and that NCR’s disclosure controls and procedures adequately alert them on a timely basis to material information relating to the Company (including its consolidated subsidiaries) required to be included in NCR’s Exchange Act filings. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations due to, for example, the potential for human error or circumvention of controls, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment, we determined that, as of December 31, 2014, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 as stated in their report which appears in Item 8 of this Report. Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None 105 Table of Contents PART III Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERANCE Except as set forth in the following paragraphs of this Item 10, the information required by this Item 10 will be set forth under the headings “Election of Directors,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and “Committees of the Board” in the Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our fiscal 2014 year, and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by this Item 10 regarding our executive officers is set forth under the heading “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I of this Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference. We have not materially changed the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the Company’s Board of Directors. We have a Code of Conduct that sets the standard for ethics and compliance for all of our directors and employees, including our chief executive officer, our chief financial officer and our chief accounting officer. Our Code of Conduct is available on the Corporate Governance page at our website at http://www.ncr.com/company/corporate-governance/code-of-conduct under the heading “Code of Conduct.” We intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers of the Code of Conduct with respect to any director as well as our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer, on the Corporate Governance page of our website promptly following the date of such amendment or waiver. Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this Item 11 will be set forth under the headings “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation and Human Resource Committee,” and “Board Compensation and Human Resource Committee Report on Executive Compensation” in the Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our fiscal 2014 year, and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIPS OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this Item 12 will be set forth under the headings “Stock Ownership” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our fiscal 2014 year, and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this Item 13 will be set forth under the headings “Related Person Transactions” and “Corporate Governance” in the Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our fiscal 2014 year, is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this Item 14 will be set forth under the heading “Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our fiscal 2014 year, and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE PART IV (a)(1) Financial Statements: The following is an index of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm filed as part of this Form 10-K: 106 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page of Form 10-K 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 (2) Financial Statement Schedule: Financial Statement Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts is included in this Form 10- K. All other schedules are not required under the related instructions or are not applicable. (3) Exhibits: See Index of Exhibits below for a listing of all exhibits to this Form 10-K. The management contracts and compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-K are identified in the Index of Exhibits by an asterisk (*). (b) The following is an index of all exhibits to this Form 10-K. Exhibits identified in parentheses in the index below, on file with the SEC, are incorporated herein by reference as exhibits hereto. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.1 Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2007, between NCR Corporation and Teradata Corporation (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Teradata Corporation dated September 6, 2007). Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2012, by and between Redbox Automated Retail, LLC and NCR Corporation (Exhibit 2.2 to the NCR Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. First Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 22, 2012, by and between Redbox Automated Retail, LLC and NCR Corporation (Exhibit 2.3 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012). Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November 28, 2012, by and among NCR Corporation, Moon S.P.V. (Subsidiary) Ltd., and Retalix, Ltd. (Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated February 6, 2013). Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 2, 2013, by and among NCR Corporation, Delivery Acquisition Corporation, Fandango Holdings Corporation and Thoma Bravo, LLC as the Stockholder Representative (Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated December 2, 2013 (the “December 2, 2013 Form 8-K”)). Commitment Letter, dated as of December 2, 2013, by and among NCR Corporation, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Bank of America, N.A., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Royal Bank of Canada, RBC Capital Markets, SunTrust Bank, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc., WF Investment Holdings, LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (Exhibit 2.2 to the December 2, 2013 Form 8-K). Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 2, 2013, by and among NCR Limited and the holders of the outstanding share capital of Alaric Systems Limited (Exhibit 2.3 to the December 2, 2013 Form 8- K). Articles of Amendment and Restatement of NCR Corporation, as amended effective May 14, 1999 (Exhibit 3.1 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999). 107 Table of Contents 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.5 4.5.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Bylaws of NCR Corporation, as amended and restated on January 26, 2011 (Exhibit 3(ii) to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated January 31, 2011). Common Stock Certificate of NCR Corporation (Exhibit 4.1 to the NCR Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999). Indenture, dated September 17, 2012, among NCR Corporation, as issuer, NCR International Inc. and Radiant Systems Inc. as subsidiary guarantors and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Exhibit 4.01 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated September 17, 2012). Indenture, dated December 18, 2012, among NCR Corporation, as issuer, NCR International Inc. and Radiant Systems Inc. as subsidiary guarantors and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Exhibit 4.01 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated December 18, 2012). Indenture, dated December 19, 2013, between NCR Escrow Corp. and U.S. Bank National Association relating to the $400 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% senior notes due 2021 (the “5.875% Notes”) (Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated December 19, 2013 (the “December 19, 2013 Form 8-K”)). First Supplemental Indenture relating to the 5.875% Notes, dated January 10, 2014, among NCR Corporation, NCR International, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report of NCR Corporation dated January 10, 2014 (the “January 10, 2014 Form 8-K”)). Indenture, dated December 19, 2013, between NCR Escrow Corp. and U.S. Bank National Association relating to the $700 million aggregate principal amount of 6.375% senior notes due 2023 (the “6.375% Notes”) (Exhibit 4.2 to the December 19, 2013 Form 8-K). First Supplemental Indenture relating to the 6.375% Notes, dated January 10, 2014, among NCR Corporation, NCR International, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Exhibit 4.2 to the January 10, 2014 Form 8-K). Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of February 1, 1996, and amended and restated as of March 29, 1996, by and among NCR Corporation, AT&T Corp. and Lucent Technologies Inc. (Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Lucent Technologies Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-00703) (the “Lucent Registration Statement Amendment No. 3”)). Employee Benefits Agreement, dated as of November 20, 1996, by and between AT&T Corp. and NCR Corporation (Exhibit 10.2 to the NCR Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996 (the “1996 Annual Report”)). Patent License Agreement, effective as of March 29, 1996, by and among AT&T Corp., NCR Corporation, and Lucent Technologies Inc. (Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 4 to the Lucent Technologies Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-0073) (the “Lucent Registration Statement Amendment No. 4”)). Amended and Restated Technology License Agreement, effective as of March 29, 1996, by and among AT&T Corp., NCR Corporation, and Lucent Technologies Inc. (Exhibit 10.8 to the Lucent Registration Statement Amendment No. 4). Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of February 1, 1996, and amended and restated as of March 29, 1996, by and among AT&T Corp., NCR Corporation, and Lucent Technologies Inc. (Exhibit 10.6 to the Lucent Registration Statement Amendment No. 3). Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of September 21, 2007, between NCR Corporation and Teradata Corporation (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated September 21, 2007). 10.7 NCR Management Stock Plan (Exhibit 10.8 to the 1996 Annual Report). * 108 Table of Contents 10.7.1 10.7.2 10.7.3 10.7.4 10.8 10.8.1 10.8.2 10.8.3 10.8.4 10.8.5 10.8.6 10.8.7 10.8.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 First Amendment to the NCR Management Stock Plan dated April 30, 2003 (Exhibit 10.4 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003). * Amendment to NCR Management Stock Plan effective as of December 31, 2008 (Exhibit 10.17.2 to the NCR Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (the “2008 Annual Report”)). * Form of Stock Option Agreement under the NCR Management Stock Plan (Exhibit 10.6.3 to the NCR Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 (the “2005 Annual Report”)). * Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under the NCR Management Stock Plan (Exhibit 10.6.4 to the 2005 Annual Report). * NCR Corporation 2011 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (formerly the NCR 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective as of December 31, 2008) (the “2011 Stock Incentive Plan”) (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated April 27, 2011). * Form of 2009 Stock Option Agreement under the NCR Corporation 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated December 12, 2008). * Form of 2010 Stock Option Agreement under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.2 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 (the "First Quarter 2010 Quarterly Report")).* Form of 2011 Stock Option Agreement under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.1 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011). * Amendment to the 2011 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for William Nuti dated April 19, 2012 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation filed April 19, 2012). * Form of 2012 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Non-Executive Employees under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.2 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 (the “First Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report")).* Form of 2012 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Executives under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.3 to the First Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report). * Form of 2012 Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Non-Executive Employees under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.4 to the First Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report). * Form of 2012 Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Executives under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.5 to the First Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report). * NCR Management Incentive Program for Executive Officers (Exhibit 10.19 to the 1996 Annual Report). * Amended and Restated NCR Management Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8- K of NCR Corporation dated April 27, 2011). * NCR Director Compensation Program effective April 21, 2009 (Exhibit 10.7 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 (the “First Quarter 2009 Form 10- Q”)). * 10.11.1 2009 Director Option Grant Statement under the NCR Director Compensation Program (Exhibit 10.8 to the First Quarter 2009 Form 10-Q). * 109 Table of Contents 10.11.2 10.12 10.12.1 10.13 10.13.1 10.13.2 10.14 10.14.1 10.14.2 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.18.1 10.18.2 10.18.3 2009 Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Statement under the NCR Director Compensation Program (Exhibit 10.9 to the First Quarter 2009 Form 10-Q). * Amended and Restated NCR Change in Control Severance Plan effective December 31, 2008 (Exhibit 10.24.2 to the 2008 Annual Report). * First Amendment to the Amended and Restated NCR Change in Control Severance Plan (Exhibit 10.6 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011). * Employment Agreement with William Nuti, dated July 29, 2005 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated July 27, 2005). * Letter agreement, dated July 26, 2006, with William Nuti (Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8- K of NCR Corporation dated July 25, 2006). * Second Amendment, effective as of December 12, 2008, to Letter Agreement with William Nuti dated July 29, 2005, as amended July 26, 2006 (Exhibit 10.30.2 to the 2008 Annual Report). * NCR Director Compensation Program Effective April 27, 2010 (Exhibit 10.1 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 (the “Second Quarter 2010 Quarterly Report”)). * Form of 2010 Director Option Grant Statement (Exhibit 10.2 to the Second Quarter 2010 Quarterly Report). * Form of 2010 Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Statement (Exhibit 10.3 to the Second Quarter 2010 Quarterly Report). * Letter Agreement with Robert Fishman dated March 17, 2010 (Exhibit 10.7 to the First Quarter 2010 Quarterly Report). * Letter Agreement with John Bruno dated October 27, 2008 (Exhibit 10.8 to the First Quarter 2010 Quarterly Report). * Letter Agreement with Peter Dorsman dated April 4, 2006 (Exhibit 10.1 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2010). * NCR Corporation 2011 Economic Profit Plan (Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated April 27, 2011). * First Amendment to NCR Corporation 2011 Economic Profit Plan (Exhibit 10.29.1 to the NCR Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011). * Second Amendment to NCR Corporation 2011 Economic Profit Plan, dated January 25, 2012 (Exhibit 10.1 to the First Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report). Third Amendment to NCR Corporation 2011 Economic Profit Plan (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated October 1, 2013). * 10.18.4 Fourth Amendment to NCR Corporation 2011 Economic Profit Plan. * 10.19 Equity Subscription Agreement, dated July 26, 2011, among NCR Corporation, Scopus Industrial S.A., Scopus Tecnologia Ltda. and NCR Brasil - Indústria de Equipamentos Para Automação Ltda., including Schedule I - The form of Shareholders' Agreement (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated July 26, 2011). 110 Table of Contents 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.26.1 10.26.2 10.26.3 10.26.4 10.26.5 10.27 10.28 Credit Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2011, by and among NCR Corporation, the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated August 22, 2011 (the “August 22, 2011 Form 8-K”)). Guarantee and Pledge Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2011, by and among NCR Corporation, the subsidiaries of NCR Corporation identified therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Exhibit 10.1 to the August 22, 2011 Form 8-K). Incremental Facility Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2012, by and among NCR Corporation, the Lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Exhibit 10.1 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 (the “Third Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report”)). Reaffirmation Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2012, by and among NCR Corporation, the subsidiaries of NCR Corporation identified therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Exhibit 10.2 to the Third Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report). Second Amendment, dated as of August 22, 2012, by and among NCR Corporation, the Lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, relating to the Credit Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2011 and amended as of December 21, 2011, by and among NCR Corporation, the Lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Exhibit 10.3 to the Third Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report). Voting and Support Agreement, dated as of November 28, 2012, by and among NCR Corporation, Moon S.P.V. (Subsidiary) Ltd. and each of Boaz Dotan, Eli Gelman, Nehemia Lemelbaum, Avinoam Naor and Mario Segal (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated November 28, 2012). NCR Corporation 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2013 Stock Incentive Plan”) (Appendix A to the NCR Corporation Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the NCR Corporation 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders). * Form of 2013 Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2011 Stock Incentive and the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.2 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 (the “First Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report”)). * Form of 2013 Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.3 to the First Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report). * Form of 2014 Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NCR Corporation for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 (the "First Quarter 2014 Quarterly Report"). * Form of the 2014 Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.2 to the First Quarter 2014 Quarterly Report). * Form of 2014 Single-Metric Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.3 to the First Quarter 2014 Quarterly Report). * Third Amendment, dated as of February 5, 2013, by and among NCR Corporation, the Lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, relating to the Credit Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2011, as amended and restated as of August 22, 2012, by and among NCR Corporation, the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Exhibit 10.1 to the First Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report). Credit Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2011, as amended and restated as of July 25, 2013, by and among NCR Corporation, the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Exhibit 10.1 to the NCR Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2013 (the “Third Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report”)). 111 Table of Contents 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39 Reaffirmation Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2013, by and among NCR Corporation, the subsidiaries of NCR Corporation identified therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Exhibit 10.2 to the Third Quarter 2013 Quarterly Report). Agreement between NCR and the Trustees of the NCR Pension Plan (UK), dated November 14, 2013 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated November 14, 2013). First Amendment, dated as of December 4, 2013, to the Credit Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2011, as amended and restated as of July 25, 2013, among NCR Corporation, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as the administrative agent (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8- K of NCR Corporation dated December 5, 2013 (the “December 5, 2013 Form 8-K”)). Incremental Facility Agreement, dated as of December 4, 2013, among NCR Corporation, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as the administrative agent (Exhibit 10.2 to the December 5, 2013 Form 8-K). Registration Rights Agreement relating to the 5.875% Notes, dated December 19, 2013, among NCR Corporation; NCR International, Inc., and Radiant Systems, Inc., as subsidiary guarantors; and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representative of the initial purchasers (Exhibit 10.1 to the December 19, 2013 Form 8-K). Registration Rights Agreement relating to the 6.375% Notes, dated December 19, 2013, among NCR Corporation; NCR International, Inc., and Radiant Systems, Inc., as subsidiary guarantors; and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representative of the initial purchasers (Exhibit 10.2 to the December 19, 2013 Form 8-K). Letter agreement with Jennifer Daniels dated March 23, 2010 (Exhibit 10.52 to the NCR Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013). * Receivables Financing Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2014, by and among NCR Receivables LLC, as borrower, NCR Corporation, as servicer, PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and PNC Bank, National Association, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., New York Branch, Victory Receivables Corporation and the other lender parties from time to time party thereto (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated November 21, 2014 (the “November 21, 2014 Form 8-K”)). Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2014, among NCR Receivables LLC, as buyer, and NCR Corporation and the other originator parties from time to time party thereto (Exhibit 10.2 to the November 21, 2014 Form 8-K). NCR Executive Severance Plan. * Letter Agreement with Andrew S. Heyman dated July 11, 2011 (Exhibit (d)(7) to the Schedule TO of Ranger Acquisition Corporation and NCR Corporation filed July 25, 2011 (the “Schedule TO”)). * 10.39.1 Retention Agreement with Andrew S. Heyman dated July 11, 2011 (Exhibit (d)(6) to the Schedule TO). * 10.40 Employment Letter of Frederick Marquardt dated April 4, 2014 (as amended May 1, 2014). * 10.41 Employment Contract, dated June 23, 2014, between NCR GmbH and Michael Bayer. * 10.41.1 Letter regarding additional terms of employment of Michael Bayer, dated June 23, 2014. * 10.42 NCR Director Compensation Program effective April 23, 2013, as amended effective February 24, 2014. * 112 Table of Contents 10.42.1 2014 Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Statement under the NCR Director Compensation Program. * 10.43 10.44 12.1 21 23.1 31.1 31.2 32 99.1 Agreement by and among NCR Corporation, Marcato Capital Management LP, Marcato, L.P., Marcato II, L.P., Marcato International Master Fund, Ltd. and Richard T. McGuire III, dated November 10, 2014 (Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated November 10, 2014 (the “November 10, 2014 Form 8-K”)). Confidentiality Agreement by and among NCR Corporation, Marcato Capital Management LP, Marcato, L.P., Marcato II, L.P., Marcato International Master Fund, Ltd. and Richard T. McGuire III, dated November 10, 2014 (Exhibit 99.2 to the November 10, 2014 Form 8-K). Statement Regarding Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges. Subsidiaries of NCR Corporation. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. Tax Opinion of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz in connection with the Spin off of Teradata, dated August 27, 2007 (Exhibit 99.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of NCR Corporation dated September 30, 2007). 101 Financials in XBRL Format. * Management contracts or compensatory plans/arrangements 113 Table of Contents NCR Corporation SCHEDULE II--VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (In millions) Column A Column B Column C Additions Column D Column E Description Year Ended December 31, 2014 Allowance for doubtful accounts Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Year Ended December 31, 2013 Allowance for doubtful accounts Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Year Ended December 31, 2012 Allowance for doubtful accounts Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs & Expenses Charged to Other Accounts Deductions Balance at End of Period $ $ $ $ $ $ 18 364 16 399 16 425 $ $ $ $ $ $ 10 $ — $ — $ — $ 9 70 $ $ 2 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 35 $ — $ 17 $ — $ — $ — $ 43 $ 19 294 18 364 16 399 114 Table of Contents Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES NCR CORPORATION Date: February 27, 2015 By: /s/ Robert Fishman Robert Fishman Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated. Signature Title /s/ William R. Nuti William R. Nuti Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President /s/ Robert P. Fishman Robert P. Fishman Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /s/ Edward P. Boykin Edward P. Boykin /s/ Richard L. Clemmer Richard L. Clemmer /s/ Gary Daichendt Gary Daichendt /s/ Robert P. DeRodes Robert P. DeRodes /s/ Kurt P. Kuehn Kurt P. Kuehn /s/ Linda Fayne Levinson Linda Fayne Levinson /s/ Richard T. McGuire III Richard T. McGuire III /s/ Deanna W. Oppenheimer Deanna W. Oppenheimer Date: February 27, 2015 Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 115 NCR Corporation COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES (in millions) Exhibit 12.1 Year ended December 31, 2014 Year ended December 31, 2013 Year ended December 31, 2012 Year ended December 31, 2011 Year ended December 31, 2010 Earnings Income before income taxes, non-controlling interest, discontinued operations Fixed charges Non-controlling interest in pre-tax income of subsidiaries that have not incurred fixed charges Earnings Fixed Charges Interest expense Portion of rental expense representative of the interest factor (1) Fixed Charges Ratio of earnings to fixed charges * $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 137 224 (4) 357 181 43 224 1.59 $ $ $ 554 142 (4) 692 103 39 142 $ 4.87 698 $ 76 (2) 772 42 34 76 10.16 $ $ $ (164) $ 46 — (118) $ 13 $ 33 46 N/A $ 285 31 (3) 313 2 29 31 10.10 * For the year ended December 31, 2011, fixed charges exceeded earnings by $164 million, resulting in a ratio of less than one. (1) Interest portion of rental expense is estimated to equal 1/3 of such expense, which is considered a reasonable approximation of the interest factor. FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE NCR CORPORATION 2011 ECONOMIC PROFIT PLAN EXHIBIT 10.18.4 WHEREAS, NCR Corporation (the “Company”) has previously adopted the 2011 NCR Corporation Economic Profit Plan (the “Plan”); and, WHEREAS, the Compensation and Human Resource Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Committee”) has the authority to amend the Plan in accordance with Section 7.7 of the Plan; and, WHEREAS, the Committee amended the Plan effective (i) December 13, 2011 to increase the age of Retirement (as defined under the Plan) from 55 to 62, and (ii) January 24, 2012, to provide that a participant in the Plan may designate a beneficiary to receive payments and benefits under the Plan in the event of the Plan participant’s death, and (iii) October 2, 2013, to amend the definition of Cash Flow from Operations under the Plan; and WHEREAS, the Committee has determined that it is in the best interest of the Company to amend the Plan; NOW THEREFORE, effective as of April 22, 2014, the Plan is hereby amended as follows: 1. Section 4.3 is amended to read in its entirety as follows: Termination by the Company without Cause or for Disability/By Participant for 4.3 Good Reason or Retirement. If a Participant’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause or by reason of Disability or a Participant resigns for Good Reason or terminates employment by reason of Retirement, the Participant will be credited with a Bonus Credit, if any, for any Performance Period or portion thereof during which the Participant participated in the Plan but for which the Participant has not yet received a Bonus Credit through the end of the quarter in which the termination occurs. The Participant will be paid the Applicable Percentage of the Participant's Bonus Bank (with the amount of the Bonus Bank determined after the Participant's Bonus Bank is credited with Bonus Credits pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence) in four equal installments on each of the first four six-month anniversaries of the Participant's termination of employment without regard to the limitations described in the last sentence of Section 3.4, and any remaining portion of the Bonus Bank shall be forfeited. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Cash Flow Test (as applied by reference to the definition of Cash Flow from Operations in effect on the Plan’s original effective date) is not met for the year immediately preceding the year in which any such termination occurs, the Participant's first installment payment will be delayed and will continue to be held in the Participant's Bonus Bank, without interest, until the second installment payment is due, at which time the first and second installment payments will be paid to the Participant. The Participant's remaining installment payments will be made at the normal times set forth in this Section 4.3. 2. Except as expressly modified hereby, the terms and provisions of the Plan shall remain in full force and effect. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned officer certifies that the Compensation and Human Resource Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company has approved this amendment to the Plan effective April 22, 2014. NCR CORPORATION By: /s/ Andrea Ledford Name: Andrea Ledford Title: Senior Vice President, Corporate Services and Chief Human Resources Officer NCR EXECUTIVE SEVERANCE PLAN Introduction EXHIBIT 10.38 This NCR Executive Severance Plan is established effective as of December 12, 2014. The purpose of the Plan is to provide for the payment of severance benefits to certain eligible employees of NCR Corporation (the “Company”) whose employment with the Company is involuntarily terminated by the Company without Cause. With respect to Participants in this Plan, the Plan supersedes any severance benefit plan, policy or practice previously maintained by the Company: (a) unless otherwise expressly stated in writing by the Company (but not, for the avoidance of doubt, the Amended and Restated NCR Corporation Change in Control Severance Plan (including any successor plan, the “Change in Control Severance Plan”), and (b) except for any Individual Agreement providing for severance benefits. Subject to Section 4.4 hereof, benefits provided hereunder shall be offset by any benefits provided pursuant to the Change in Control Severance Plan. The Plan is intended to comply with the applicable provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and other applicable laws. It is a welfare benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA) that is maintained primarily for the purpose of providing deferred compensation for a select group of management or highly compensated employees under Sections 201(2), 301(a)(3) and 401(a)(1) of ERISA. The Company intends that benefits under the Plan are not subject to Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, pursuant to the “short-term deferral rule” and other exclusions from such coverage. ARTICLE I ESTABLISHMENT OF PLAN As of the Effective Date, the Company hereby establishes the Plan. ARTICLE II DEFINITIONS As used herein, the following words and phrases shall have the following respective meanings: Administrator. The Company’s Chief Human Resources Officer (of, if there is no individual (a) serving in such position, the Committee). (b) Base Salary. The amount a Participant receives as wages or salary on an annualized basis immediately before the Date of Termination (but excluding all bonus, overtime, health additive and incentive and variable compensation), payable by the Company as consideration for the Participant’s services. (c) Board. The Board of Directors of NCR Corporation. 1 (d) Cause. A termination for “Cause” shall have occurred where a Participant’s employment is terminated by the Company: (i) for “Cause” as defined in any Individual Agreement, or (ii) if there is no Individual Agreement or if it does not define Cause, termination of employment by the Company in connection with: (A) conviction of the Participant for committing a felony under U.S. federal law or the law of the state or country in which such action occurred, (B) dishonesty in the course of fulfilling the Participant’s employment duties, (C) failure on the part of the Participant to perform substantially such Participant’s employment duties in any material respect, (D) a material violation of the Company’s Code of Conduct, or (E) such other events as shall be determined by the Administrator and communicated to the Participant in writing. (e) Code. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. (f) Committee. The Compensation and Human Resource Committee of the Board. (g) Company. NCR Corporation and any successor thereto. (h) Date of Termination. The date on which a Participant has a "separation from service" with the Company and its subsidiaries within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. (i) Disability. A total and permanent disability that causes a Participant to be eligible to receive long-term disability benefits from the NCR Long-Term Disability Plan, or any similar successor plan or any similar plan or program sponsored by a subsidiary or affiliate of the Company. (j) Effective Date. December 12, 2014. (k) Employee. Any regular, full-time or part-time employee of the Company or its subsidiaries. Individual Agreement. An employment, consulting or similar agreement between a (l) Participant and the Company or one of its subsidiaries or affiliates. (m) Participant. An Employee who meets the eligibility requirements of Article III. (n) Plan. This NCR Corporation Executive Severance Plan. (o) Release Deadline. The 60th day immediately following the Date of Termination. (p) Separation Benefit. The benefits payable in accordance with Section 4.2 of the Plan. 2 ARTICLE III ELIGIBILITY 3.1 Participation. Subject to Section 3.2, any Employee designated by the Company as a Senior Vice President level and above (designated by the Company as any Employee in Grade 20 and above at the adoption of this Plan, as may be amended from time to time) or any Employee designated as an Executive Officer of the Company, plus any other Employee designated by the Committee or the Administrator, shall be Participants in the Plan. 3.2 Duration of Participation. An Employee shall cease to be a Participant in the Plan upon the earlier of when he or she: (a) ceases to be an Employee or (b) is no longer eligible pursuant to Section 3.1. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Participant who is entitled, as a result of ceasing to be an Employee under the circumstances set forth in Section 4.1, to payment of a Separation Benefit shall remain a Participant in the Plan until the full amount of the Separation Benefit and any other amounts payable under the Plan have been paid to the Participant. ARTICLE IV SEPARATION BENEFIT 4.1 Right to Separation Benefit. A Participant shall be entitled to receive from the Company a Separation Benefit in the amount provided in Section 4.2 if the Participant’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause (other than by reason of the Participant’s death or Disability, and not in any event due to the Participant’s resignation for any reason). Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary: (a) no benefit shall be payable under this Plan with respect to any termination of employment that results in benefit payments pursuant to the Change in Control Severance Plan except to the extent the benefits hereunder exceed the benefits under the Change in Control Severance Plan, and (b) if the Participant is party to an employment agreement, offer letter or other agreement or arrangement providing severance benefits (an “Other Agreement,” including any Individual Agreement but excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, the Economic Profit Plan and any equity awards), benefits shall be payable pursuant to this Plan only if the Participant expressly waives, in a writing satisfactory to the Company, the severance benefits payable pursuant to the Other Agreement. In addition, in no event shall any benefits be provided hereunder unless the Participant has executed a release of claims in a form satisfactory to and provided by the Company (the "Release," which may include noncompetition, nonsolicitation and other covenants determined by the Company), the Participant has not revoked the Release, and the Release has become effective and irrevocable in accordance with its terms and with applicable law by the Release Deadline. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Participant shall not be entitled to any Separation Benefit hereunder if: (i) the Participant declines reassignment to a comparable employment position as an employee of the Company (as determined in the sole discretion of the Administrator), which position, for the avoidance of doubt, need not entail comparable compensation; or (ii) the Participant’s employment with the Company is terminated due to outsourcing, the sale of all or a portion of the Company’s business or assets or another corporate transaction having similar effect (such as but not limited to the spinoff of a portion of the Company’s business or assets), and the Participant is offered employment at a comparable base salary or wage with the 3 outsourcing entity, purchaser or other successor employer involved in or created by the transaction (as determined in the sole discretion of the Administrator). Separation Benefit. If a Participant’s employment is terminated in circumstances entitling 4.2 him or her to a Separation Benefit as provided in Section 4.1: (a) Cash Severance. The Company shall pay the Participant his or her Base Salary in a lump sum in cash, promptly following the Release becoming irrevocable (and in no event later than March 15 of the year following the year in which the Date of Termination occurs). (b) COBRA. The Company shall pay the premiums for the Participant and his or her qualified beneficiaries for “COBRA” medical, dental and vision coverage until the earlier of: (i) eighteen (18) months following the Date of Termination, or (ii) when the Participant is no longer eligible for COBRA coverage. The benefits provided pursuant to this Section 4.2(b) shall be concurrent coverage for purposes of COBRA. (c) Outplacement Benefits. The Company shall provide the Participant executive outplacement services in accordance with its outplacement program in effect on the Date of Termination. The Participant must initiate the executive outplacement services within ninety days of the Date of Termination (and in no event later than March 15 of the year following the year in which the Date of Termination occurs). 4.3 Other Benefits Payable. The Separation Benefit provided pursuant to Section 4.2 above shall be provided in addition to, and not in lieu of, all other accrued or vested or earned but deferred compensation, rights, options or other benefits which may be owed to a Participant upon or following termination, including but not limited to accrued vacation or sick pay (if and where applicable, but not where Company policy does not provide for such payments), reimbursement for business expenses previously incurred, amounts or benefits properly payable under any bonus or other compensation plans, the Management Incentive Plan, the Economic Profit Plan, and any bonus or incentive plan, stock option plan, stock ownership plan, stock purchase plan, life insurance plan, health plan, disability plan or similar or successor plan, other than any severance plan, program, agreement or arrangement, unless such plan, program, agreement or arrangement has a specific reference to this Section 4.3 (but excluding the Change in Control Severance Plan and any Individual Agreement). Stock options and other equity awards under the NCR Corporation 2013 Stock Incentive Plan and any other equity incentive plan will be treated as specified in the applicable plan and any award agreement thereunder, and this Plan shall not be construed to modify or supersede any such plan either expressly or by implication. 4.4 Change in Control Severance Plan. In the event that a Participant becomes entitled to benefits under the Change in Control Severance Plan following the Date of Termination, the benefits under the Change in Control Severance Plan shall be reduced by the corresponding benefits provided hereunder (and, for the avoidance of doubt, any remaining benefits under the Change in Control Severance Plan shall be provided at the times specified therein). Any such reduction shall be made consistent with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. 4 Section 409A. For purposes of this Plan, "termination of employment" or words or phrases 4.5 to that effect shall mean a "separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. Rehire. In no event shall a Participant who receives benefits under this Plan and is rehired 4.6 again receive benefits under this Plan, regardless of the reason for any subsequent termination. ARTICLE V SUCCESSOR TO COMPANY This Plan shall bind any successor of or to the Company, its assets or its businesses (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise), in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be obligated under this Plan if no succession had taken place. The term “Company,” as used in this Plan, shall mean the Company as hereinbefore defined and any successor or assignee to the business or assets which by reason hereof becomes bound by this Plan. ARTICLE VI ADMINISTRATION, DURATION, AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION 6.1 Plan Administration. The Administrator shall have the discretionary authority to administer and interpret the Plan and decide all questions arising hereunder. Any interpretation or construction of, or determination or action by, the Administrator shall be binding upon any and all parties and persons affected thereby, subject to the exclusive appeal procedure set forth in Section 7.1. 6.2 Duration. The Plan shall continue in effect from the Effective Date until amended or terminated pursuant to Article VI. 6.3 Amendment and Termination. The Plan may be amended in any respect or terminated by the Board or the Committee (provided that no amendment or termination shall reduce benefits hereunder for any Participant whose Date of Termination occurred before the action effecting such amendment or termination). In addition, subject to the proviso in the first sentence of this Section 6.3, the Administrator may amend the Plan, provided that such amendment is required by applicable law or involves no material cost to the Company. Subject to the proviso in Section 6.3: (a) an amendment of the Plan in accordance with the terms hereof shall automatically effect a corresponding amendment to all Participants’ rights and benefits hereunder, and (b) a termination of the Plan shall in accordance with the terms hereof automatically effect a termination of all Participants’ rights and benefits hereunder. 5 ARTICLE VII MISCELLANEOUS 7.1 Dispute Resolution. If any person eligible to receive benefits under the Plan, or claiming to be so eligible, believes he or she is entitled to benefits in an amount greater than those which he or she has received (a “Claimant”), he or she may file a claim in writing with the Administrator. The Administrator shall review the claim and, within 90 days after the claim is filed, shall give written notice to the Claimant of the decision. If the claim is denied, the notice shall give the reason for the denial, the pertinent provisions of the Plan on which the denial is based, a description of any additional material or information necessary for the Claimant to perfect the claim and an explanation of why such material or information is necessary, and an explanation of the claim review procedure under the Plan. Any person who has had a claim for benefits denied by the Administrator shall have the right to request review by the Committee. Such request must be in writing, and must be made within 60 days after such person is advised of the denial of benefits. If written request for review is not received within such 60 day period, the Claimant shall forfeit his or her right to review. The Committee shall review claims that are appealed, and may hold a hearing if it deems necessary, and shall issue a written notice of the final decision. Such notice shall include specific reasons for the decision and specific references to the pertinent Plan provisions on which the decision is based. The decision of the Committee shall be final and binding upon the Claimant and the Committee and all other persons involved, subject to the rights set forth in the following sentences of this Section 7.1. Any controversy or claim arising out of or related to this Plan or a Participant’s employment with the Company, its subsidiaries or affiliates, or the termination of that employment, that is not resolved by the claim and review procedure described in the preceding paragraphs of this Section 7.1 shall be resolved by binding arbitration at the election of either the Participant or the Company; the obligation to arbitrate shall also extend to and encompass any claims that a Participant may have or assert against any Company employees, officers, directors or agents. The arbitration shall be pursuant to the then current rules of the American Arbitration Association and shall be held in New York City for employees residing or having a primary NCR business location in the United States; for employees residing or having a primary NCR business location outside the United States, where permitted by local law the arbitration shall be conducted in the regional headquarters city of your NCR business organization pursuant to the rules of a reputable national or international arbitration organization. The arbitration shall be held before a single arbitrator who is an attorney. The arbitrator’s decision and award shall be final and binding and may be entered in any court having jurisdiction. Issues of arbitrability shall be determined in accordance with the U.S. federal substantive and procedural laws relating to arbitration; in all other respects, this Plan shall be governed by the laws of the State of Georgia in the United States, without regard to its principles. Each party shall bear its own attorney fees associated with the arbitration; other costs, and the expenses of the arbitration, shall be borne as provided by the rules of the American Arbitration Association. If any portion of this Section 7.1 is held unenforceable, it shall be severed and shall not affect the duty to arbitrate nor any other part of this Section 7.1. 6 Notwithstanding the preceding subparagraph, in the event that a Participant breaches any of the restrictive covenants included in his or her Release (such as but not limited to those respecting non- competition, non-solicitation, non-recruitment and confidentiality), Participant acknowledges that the Company will sustain irreparable injury and will not have an adequate remedy at law. As a result, in the event of such a breach the Company may, in addition to any other remedies available to it, bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction for equitable relief pending appointment of an arbitrator and completion of an arbitration, and in such instance shall not be required to post a bond. 7.2 Employment Status. This Plan does not constitute a contract of employment or impose on the Participant or the Company any obligation to retain the Participant as an Employee, to change the status of the Participant’s employment, or to change the Company’s policies or those of its Subsidiaries’ regarding termination of employment. Employment with the Company is at will. 7.3 Validity and Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of the Plan shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of the Plan, which shall remain in full force and effect, and any prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction, shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 7.4 Section 409A Savings Clause. While the tax treatment of the payments and benefits provided under this Plan is not warranted or guaranteed, it is intended that such payments and benefits shall be exempt from the application of the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. This Plan shall be construed, administered, and governed in a manner that effects such intent. 7.5 Governing Law. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of the Plan shall in all respects be governed by the laws of Georgia, without reference to principles of conflict of law, and to the extent not preempted by ERISA. 7.6 WARN Act. This Plan is not intended to duplicate payments already required by the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act or any similar state or local law requiring prior notice of plant closing or mass layoff (collectively, "WARN"). Therefore, notwithstanding any of the above, benefits payable under the Plan will be reduced by any payments required to be provided to Participants pursuant to WARN, without regard to whether the Participant asserts such rights. 7.7 No Assignment or Alienation. No interest of a Participant under this Plan may be subjected in any manner to sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, attachment, garnishment, or other alienation or encumbrance of any kind, nor may such interest or right to receive a payment or benefit be taken (voluntarily or involuntarily) for the satisfaction of the obligations or debts of, or other claims against the associate, including without limitation any claims for alimony, support, separate maintenance, or claims in bankruptcy proceedings. 7.8 Death/Payment to Estate. If a Participant dies before receiving all Severance Benefits due pursuant to Section 4.2(a) of the Plan, any remaining payments shall be made to the Participant's estate. 7 7.9 Overpayment. In the event of the overpayment to or wrongful receipt of any amounts by a participant pursuant to this Plan, the Plan and the Company shall be entitled to recovery of such funds by remedies including, without limitation, the equitable remedy of constructive trust. 7.10 Compensation Recovery Policy. Amounts payable pursuant to Section 4.2(a) shall constitute “Covered Incentive Compensation” subject to the terms of the Company’s Compensation Recovery Policy, as the same may be in effect from time to time (the “Compensation Recovery Policy”). Accordingly, notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, a Participant may be required to forfeit or repay any or all of the amounts payable pursuant to Section 4.2(a) pursuant to the terms of the Compensation Recovery Policy. Further, the Company may, to the extent permitted by law, enforce any repayment obligation pursuant to the Compensation Recovery Policy by reducing any amounts that may be owing from time-to-time by the Company to the Participant, whether as wages, severance, vacation pay or in the form of any other benefit or compensation or for any other reason, subject to Section 409A of the Code. 7.11 Withholding. The Company may withhold from any amount payable or benefit provided under this Plan such Federal, state, local, foreign and other taxes as are required to be withheld pursuant to any applicable law or regulation. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the NCR Corporation Executive Severance Plan is adopted effective as of December 12, 2014. NCR CORPORATION By: /s/ Andrea L. Ledford Andrea L. Ledford SVP, Corporate Services and Chief Human Resources Officer 8 EXHIBIT 10.40 PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL Amended May 1, 2014 April 24, 2014 Rick Marquardt [address omitted] Dear Rick, We value the skills, experience and passion you bring to NCR. I am very pleased to convey to you your promotion to Executive Vice President, Services, Engineering and Enterprise Quality where you will continue to serve on the NCR Leadership Team. The Board of Directors also approved your appointment as an Executive Officer of NCR. This is an important milestone for your career and I look forward to seeing you continue your personal development with NCR and gain valuable experiences as we grow together as one company. I am also pleased to present you with following compensation actions and general employment terms associated with your promotion. Each of these actions and terms will become effective May 1, 2014 (unless identified otherwise). POSITION: EVP, Services, Engineering and Enterprise Quality GRADE: 22 (Executive Vice President) APPOINTMENT DATE: BASE SALARY: MANAGEMENT INCENTIVE PLAN: April 24, 2014 (your “Appointment Date” as an Executive Officer) Your annual base salary will increase to $525,000, which will become effective May 1, 2014. You will continue to be paid on a bi-weekly pay schedule, one week in arrears. You will continue to participate in NCR’s Management Incentive Plan (“MIP”) and effective May 1, 2014 your target incentive award will increase to 100% of your base salary, with a maximum potential payout of 300% of your target award. You will also remain eligible for an additional award of 10% of your base salary linked to the achievement of our annual Customer Success objectives. Each of these award opportunities will be based upon annual performance objectives established by the Compensation and Human Resource Committee of the NCR Board of Directors (the “Committee”), and are subject to the Committee’s discretion. You must be employed by NCR at the time of payment in order to be eligible to receive any NCR bonus payout. Rick Marquardt April 24, 2014 Page 2 ECONOMIC PROFIT PLAN: As you know, NCR’s Economic Profit Plan (“EPP”) provides the opportunity to participate in a portion of the Economic Profit created by NCR annually through a banking concept, where 33% of your Economic Profit Bank earned becomes payable in cash in August of the following year, so long as you remain employed by NCR at the time of payment. The EPP is designed to strengthen the link between the management team and sustainable creation of stockholder value. Your participation in EPP remains 0.125% of NCR’s economic profit for the 2014 performance year. Your participation and your EPP participation rate are subject to approval by the Committee. Any payments under the NCR EPP are governed by the plan document and are subject to the Committee’s discretion. PROMOTIONAL EQUITY AWARD: You will receive a one-time promotional equity award with a total value of $250,000, to be delivered in the form of Single-Metric Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units. The effective date of the grant (“the Grant Date”) will be May 1, 2014 and the shares will vest on the third anniversary of the Grant Date, subject to achievement of the performance goal and your continued employment with NCR. The target number of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units granted will be determined by taking the award value divided by the closing price on the Grant Date. The result is rounded to the nearest whole unit. This one-time equity award will be issued under the terms of NCR’s Stock Incentive Plan, which is administered by Fidelity Investments®. The specific terms and conditions of your award will be set forth in your NCR Single-Metric Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, which you must electronically accept in order for the grant to become effective. The award agreement includes, among other things, certain restrictive covenants with which you will be required to comply as a condition for receipt of this NCR equity award. You will continue to be eligible to participate in NCR’s Annual Long-Term Incentive (LTI) Award Program where LTI awards amounts are determined annually in the first quarter of each calendar year. EXECUTIVE PROGRAM PARTICIPATION: Subject to NCR’s continuation of the programs, you will continue to be eligible to participate in both the Executive Medical Exam and Executive Financial Planning Programs. The Executive Medical Exam Program currently provides up to $5,000 on an annual basis for progressive, diagnostic analysis by NCR’s provider of choice. The Executive Financial Planning Program currently provides an annual payment of $12,000, less all applicable taxes, to be used for an executive’s individual financial planning needs. Each of these programs is subject to amendment or termination by NCR. Rick Marquardt April 24, 2014 Page 3 CIC SEVERANCE PLAN PARTICIPATION: You will participate in the NCR Change in Control Severance Plan in effect on December 31, 2008, and as amended on January 27, 2010 with the rights and benefits of a designated Tier II employee. This Plan is subject to amendment or termination by NCR. This letter is not an employment contract and should not be interpreted as containing any guarantee of continued employment or employment for a specific term. Your employment relationship at NCR is by mutual consent (employment-at-will), and NCR or you may discontinue your employment with or without Cause at any time and for any reason or no reason. Rick, it is an extremely exciting time for our company, our customers and for you. It is my sincere hope that you take pride, as I do, in our evolution and join me in the excitement about our next stage of growth together. Congratulations on your promotion; you’ve earned it. However, I’m expecting extraordinary outcomes from you and each of your organizations during 2014 and beyond. Sincerely, /S/ Bill Nuti Bill Nuti Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President cc: Andrea Ledford EXHIBIT 10.41 Contract between and NCR GmbH 86156 Augsburg, Ulmer Straße 160 - called NCR hereinafter - Mr. Michael Bayer Staff number: [omitted] Born on [omitted] in [omitted] Resident at [omitted] - called Employee hereinafter - 1. Scope of responsibilities The Employee shall begin work on as for His place of work is 01 August 2014 Senior Vice President and General Manager Retail (FML: Telecommuting (Home office, assigned GS Hamburg) ) The duties and responsibilities are stated in the job description. All the Employee's activities are to be geared towards reaching NCR's goals. The Employee has the right and the obligation to continue to train and develop his professional skills. NCR reserves the right to entrust the Employee with different duties and to change hierarchical relationships without a notice of termination pending a change of contract. 2. Compensation a) In return for his work, the Employee shall receive a monthly fixed gross salary of EUR 26,436.00 payable in arrears. The position is Grade 21. The salary shall be paid in arrears at the end of each calendar month by means of transfer to a domestic account to be specified by the Employee in advance. b) In addition, the Employee shall receive variable compensation. NCR shall prepare new Terms and Conditions as a basis for this for each calendar year. NCR shall review these Terms and Conditions every year and adjust them in accordance with market circumstances and the Employee's performance. The Terms and Conditions in question shall contain information about the variable compensation effective for the duration of one calendar year at a time. They shall be part of the Employment Contract. The basis for calculating the variable compensation is the data and applicable procedural rules of the NCR Corporation's accounting department, especially the “Management Incentive Plan” (MIP), etc. c) In addition to this, NCR shall grant vacation pay once a year and, if the prerequisites are met, a special payment together with the November salary (Christmas bonus), which shall be governed by the relevant applicable provisions (viewable at HR Central). Variable compensation, bonuses and similar allowance will not be taken into account when calculating these. d) Bonuses, awards and similar allowances are voluntary benefits given by NCR to which there is no legal entitlement and the granting of which does not establish a legal claim in the future. d) The company pension scheme is governed by the provisions of the NCR pension plan. Page 1 of 5 of the Contract dated 23 June 2014 between NCR GmbH and Mr. Michael Bayer 3. Vacation Vacation entitlement (statutory minimum vacation time plus additional vacation time) is 30 workdays in the calendar year. If the Employee begins working during the calendar year, the vacation entitlement shall be 1/12 of the annual vacation for each complete month of employment at NCR. Vacation days granted or financially compensated for by another employer in the year of joining the company shall be deducted from the vacation entitlement. The entitlement to vacation beyond the statutory minimum vacation time shall expire when the transfer period extends if the vacation time cannot be taken during the transfer period because the Employee is unable to work. Any vacation time granted shall initially be counted as part of the statutory minimum vacation time until full discharge. 4. Working hours NCR expects the Employee to be willing to work beyond normal working hours within his scope of responsibilities if his role requires as much. Any overtime and business travel outside working hours shall be considered compensated by the salary clause in Number 2 above. 5. Impermissibility of competing activities and secondary employment Competing activities and participation in competitor companies is not permitted. Secondary employment (especially for pay), including during vacation, requires approval and must be reported to NCR's management for approval. Approval shall be refused/revoked if company interests are put at risk or work performance is compromised. Active participation in another company is also considered secondary employment. 6. Dealing with confidential information The Employee is obligated to keep confidential all information about NCR, its affiliated companies as defined by the German Companies Act, and its partners and customers that become known to him through his work for NCR. He may neither directly disclose this information to unauthorized third parties nor indirectly make access to it possible for third parties. This obligation shall be in effect both during the term and after the end of the employment relationship. If the Employee breaches the duty of confidentiality and data privacy, the Employee shall be liable to NCR and/or the customer and/or partner for any damage suffered as a result. 7. Illness, death a) If the Employee is unable to work through no fault of his own, the Employee shall continue to receive the agreed compensation (gross fixed salary, variable compensation earned) for six weeks. After the first six weeks end, NCR shall continue to pay the difference between the average Page 2 of 5 of the Contract dated 23 June 2014 between NCR GmbH and Mr. Michael Bayer net compensation over the last twelve months and sick pay for another 13 weeks as a gross benefit. If the Employee has been employed by the company for longer than five years, this period shall be extended to 15 weeks, and if he has been employed by the company for longer than ten years to 26 weeks. The lowest limit for the sick pay calculation rate shall be at least the federal standard maximum sick pay rate for employees who must be insured, even if there is no entitlement to sick pay. b) If the Employee dies during the employment relationship, his survivors shall receive a death benefit in accordance with the NCR pension plan. 8. Duty of loyalty The Employee's duty of loyalty is subject to the heightened standards that arise from his special responsibility because of his role. It especially includes: a) The Employee must refrain from using the business relationships with business partners or suppliers of NCR and with their affiliated companies or other third parties that he develops in the context of his role for his own benefit or for the benefit of third parties in any way, whether material or immaterial. b) The Employee must refrain from all actions that could harm or endanger the property of NCR and its affiliated companies. Property within the meaning of this clause also includes rights of NCR, the NCR Corporation and its affiliated companies that are protected by copyright, such as firmware, software of any kind, licensing programs and their documentation. Unauthorized use and passing on of this property to third parties is not permitted. 9. Other essential parts of the contract The provisions of the NCR labor management agreements shall apply as supplements to this Contract as long as these provisions do not conflict with this Contract. Other essential parts of this Contract are the memoranda on the German Federal Data Protection Act, on US controlling requirements, and German foreign trade legislation; the questionnaire on conflicts of interests; for employee inventions, the German Employee Invention Act, including its implementing regulation; and the relevant applicable Terms and Conditions, including the relevant applicable procedural rules of the NCR Corporation's accounting department referred to therein. Copying software and using company work resources for private purposes is prohibited; the relevant NCR provisions apply to business purposes. 10. Termination Notice of termination must be made in writing. The right to ordinary termination of the Employment Contract before commencing the job is excluded. If the Employee does not commence the job, he shall be obligated to pay NCR a contractual penalty equal to one monthly gross fixed salary. NCR reserves the right to file claims for damages. Page 3 of 5 of the Contract dated 23 June 2014 between NCR GmbH and Mr. Michael Bayer The employment relationship can be terminated by either side with three months' notice effective as of the end of a month. After a period of employment of three years, this notice period shall increase to six months effective as of the end of a month. If the Employee has completed his 55th year of life and has belonged to NCR for 25 years without interruption, the employment relationship may only be terminated for good cause. This does not apply in case of full or partial closure of the company, full reduction of earning capacity or reaching of the age limit for the national pension insurance scheme. It also does not apply if a notice of termination pending a change of contract is sent to the recipient of a pension because of full reduction of earning capacity, even if this notice of termination pending a change of contract leads to the ending of the employment relationship. In case of full or partial closure of the company, termination is permitted effective as of the time of final closure. The employment relationship shall automatically end without termination on the day on which the Employee becomes entitled to draw full old-age pension benefits from the national pension insurance scheme or an equivalent institution. If an employment relationship has been terminated, NCR may release the Employee at any time from performing future services while continuing to pay his gross fixed salary plus his average variable salary earned over the last twelve months. The Employee shall not be entitled to any variable compensation beyond this after the day of release. 11. Time bars Claims based on the employment relationship must be made in writing within three months of their due date. Making a claim after the end of this period is debarred unless it was impossible to meet this deadline because of an unpreventable event. If a claim was made in time and satisfaction thereof was refused, the claim must be enforced in court within six months of the refusal. Later enforcement is debarred. A claim by the Employee shall also be considered refused by NCR if NCR sends a notice of correction. 12. Other agreements This Contract shall not go into effect until an NCR company doctor establishes fitness for the job. The Employee is aware that his personal data will be stored and processed for the purposes of proper performance and administration of the contractual relationship. The Employee hereby declares his agreement to the storage and processing of his personal data by the NCR Corporation in the global computing center of the NCR Corporation or by other third parties, including those located abroad, for the purposes of the employment relationship, whereby NCR shall ensure compliance with the relevant applicable German data privacy regulations. I agree to the storage of my personal data: Place, date Employee Page 4 of 5 of the Contract dated 23 June 2014 between NCR GmbH and Mr. Michael Bayer 13. Period of employment The Employee's period of employment shall begin on 01 August 2014. 14. Completeness/written form/severability clause This Contract, including the annexes referred to therein, contains all the agreements between the parties. All previous verbal or written agreements lose validity therewith. Amendments or additions to this Contract must be made in writing. Should a provision of the Contract be invalid, this shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions. The potentially invalid provision shall be augmented in a permissible manner in accordance with the meaning and purpose of this Contract. 15. Place of jurisdiction The place of jurisdiction is Augsburg. Augsburg, 23 June 2014 NCR GmbH /s/ Renate Hofer Authorized Signatory Employee /s/ Michael Bayer Page 5 of 5 of the Contract dated 23 June 2014 between NCR GmbH and Mr. Michael Bayer EXHIBIT 10.41.1 03 July 2014 Personal & Confidential Mr. Michael Bayer (via e-mail) Dear Michael, Following is a summary of the additional elements of the offer for you to join NCR Corporation that are being provided in addition to the standard terms and conditions of employment that you will receive as an employee of NCR GmbH. Management Incentive Plan (MIP) Participation You will participate in NCR's Management Incentive Plan (MIP) subject to the terms of the plan. The MIP is an annual bonus program with a payout that varies based on the actual results achieved by NCR, the Retail organization, and your individual performance; and is paid in the first calendar quarter following the plan year. Your initial MIP target incentive opportunity will be 90% of your annual base salary (with a maximum potential payout equal to 300% of you target incentive opportunity), where the payout will be based on NCR's achievement of our annual "Core Financial Measures" and certain MBOs that I will establish for you each plan year. You are also eligible for the Customer Success component of the MIP representing a target incentive opportunity equal to 10% of your annual base salary (with a maximum potential payout equal to 10% of your annual base salary which operates as a "make or miss" opportunity), where the payout will be linked to the NCR's overall achievement of our annual Customer Loyalty goals. The MIP eligibility requirements and guidelines are subject to change from time to time determined at the discretion of the Compensation and Human Resource Committee of the NCR Board of Directors (hereinafter the "Committee"). Your MIP payout for the 2014 plan year will be no less than EUR 175,000 (before taxes and other deductions), and will be payable to you in March 2015. You must be employed by NCR, its subsidiaries or affiliates, at the time of payment in order to be eligible to receive any bonus or incentive payout from NCR. Economic Profit Plan (EPP) Participation NCR's Economic Profit Plan ("EPP") provides the opportunity to participate in a portion of the "Economic Profit" created by NCR annually through a banking concept, where 33% of your Economic Profit Bank earned becomes payable in cash in August of the following year, so long as you remain employed by NCR at the time of payment. The EPP is designed to strengthen the link between the management team and sustainable creation of stockholder value. Your participation in EPP will commence in 2015 where the Committee will assign you a carried interest participation rate for NCR's Economic Profit for the 2015 performance year (but in no case will it be less than 0.125% of Economic Profit). Your participation in EPP is subject to approval by the Committee, which is typically approved in the first quarter of the calendar year. Any payments under the NCR EPP are governed by the plan document and are subject to the Committee's discretion. 03 July 2014 Mr. Michael Bayer Page 2 Long Term Incentive (LTI) Awards Subject to your acceptance of the NCR offer of employment, you will receive NCR equity with a total grant date fair market value of US$1,200,000. This award will divided into two individual awards, each with a grant date fair market value of US$600,000. Subject to approval by the Committee, you will receive a one-time, new hire equity award with a grant value of US $600,000 to be delivered in the form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Units. Pending approval of your equity award to be presented to the Committee at their July 22, 2014 meeting, the effective date of the grant ("the Grant Date") will be August 1, 2014 and the shares will vest on the third anniversary of the Grant Date, subject to your continued employment with NCR. The actual number of time-based units will be determined by taking the award value divided by the closing price of NCR common stock on the Grant Date. The result is rounded to the nearest whole unit. In addition, subject to Committee approval, you will also receive an equity award with a grant value of no less than US$600,000 to be delivered in a combination of Time-Based Restricted Stock Units and Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units as part of NCR's 2015 annual long-term incentive award program. These awards are typically granted in the first quarter of the calendar year. The actual number of time-based and performance-based units will be determined by taking the award value divided by the closing price of NCR common stock on the Grant Date. The result is rounded to the nearest whole unit. Your equity awards will be issued under the terms of NCR's Stock Incentive Plan which is administered by Fidelity Investments®. The specific terms and conditions of your awards will be set forth in your NCR restricted stock unit agreements, which you must electronically accept in order for the grants to become effective. The agreement includes, among other things, certain restrictive covenants with which you will be required to comply as a condition for receipt of these NCR equity awards. Within two weeks of each Grant Date, you will receive an email from Fidelity Stock Plan Services with your specific login details so you can accept your award by selecting the "Log onto NetBenefits Worldwide" link at www.netbenefits.fidelity.com. Please review the award information carefully, including the grant agreement and plan document, and indicate your acceptance by clicking on the appropriate button. If you have questions about your shares, call the Fidelity Stock Plan Services Line at 1-800-544-0275. For questions that Fidelity is unable to answer, contact NCR by e-mail at stock.administration@ncr.com. Executive Annual Medical and Financial Planning Allowance You will participate in NCR's Executive Medical Exam and Executive Financial Planning programs. The Executive Medical Exam Program currently provides up to US$5,000 on an annual basis for a progressive, diagnostic health assessment. The Executive Financial Planning Program currently provides an annual payment in the gross amount of US$12,000 (before taxes and other deductions), to be used for an executive's individual financial planning needs. Each program is subject to amendment or termination by the Committee at any time. Executive Severance Benefit In the event that your employment is involuntarily terminated by NCR other than for "Cause" (as defined below), you will be eligible to receive a cash severance payment equal to nine (9) months of your base salary in effect at the time of your termination, payable in a lump sum (subject to taxes and other deductions), provided that you execute a general release of all claims in a format acceptable to NCR. This cash severance benefit will be provided to you in lieu of, and not in addition to, any other cash severance benefit you may be eligible to receive upon an involuntary termination by NCR other than for "Cause". As used herein, "Cause" is defined as: (a) willful and continued failure to perform substantially the duties for your role at NCR, (b) willful engagement in illegal conduct, or (c) gross misconduct. 03 July 2014 Mr. Michael Bayer Page 3 Executive Relocation Program & Visa Support You will be eligible for NCR's Executive International Relocation Program, the benefits for which are outlined on the attached "Relocation Program Summary". Your acceptance of this offer will initiate your relocation process and a Weichert Executive Executive Relocation Counselor will be in contact with you to discuss your personal relocation needs. Meanwhile, please do not incur any relocation expenses or initiate any relocation plans until you have discussed your relocation needs with your Executive Relocation Counselor. NCR will also provide the necessary legal and administrative support to assist you and your family with your immigration needs to facilitate your relocation to the U.S. Please contact Lissa Workman, NCR's Manager of Global Mobility at +1 (678) 808-5996 to initiate your relocation or visa support services. * * * * * * * * * * We are looking forward to having you join NCR. Should you have any questions about the additional elements of your NCR offer (as outlined above), please contact Patrick Carroll at +1 (678) 808-5180 or Christine Butchko at +1 (212) 589-8477. Sincerely, /s/ John G. Bruno John G. Bruno EVP, Industry and Field Operations, and Corporate Development Enclosures. I have read, understand and accept these supplemental terms of NCR's offer: /s/ Michael Bayer Mr. Michael Bayer I confirm my start date to be 01/08/2014 4/7/2014 Date . Legal Notice to NCR Equity Recipients: Your participation in the NCR Stock Incentive Plan is both discretionary and voluntary. The value of any NCR equity award is an extraordinary item of income and is not part of your normal or expected compensation. NCR equity awards will not be considered in the calculation of any severance, redundancy, end-of-service payments, bonus, long-service awards, pension, retirement and/or any other benefits or similar payments. The NCR equity awards outlined in this letter are one-time grants that do not constitute an acquired right to receive any additional awards or other similar benefits in the future. EXHIBIT 10.42 NCR DIRECTOR COMPENSATION PROGRAM Effective April 23, 2013 PREAMBLE This NCR Director Compensation Program (“Program”) is adopted effective April 23, 2013, and replaces the NCR Director Compensation Program adopted by the Committee on Directors and Governance effective April 27, 2010. The Program is approved and adopted by the Committee on Directors and Governance of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of NCR Corporation (the “Company”), as designated by the Board pursuant to its authority under Article II of the NCR Corporation 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, to grant stock and other stock-based awards to non-employee directors and to determine the terms and conditions of such awards. The Program is intended to provide competitive remuneration to individuals serving as non-employee members of the Board (each, a “Director”), and to align the interests of the Directors with the interests of the Company’s stockholders. ARTICLE I Definitions 1.1 Committee means the Committee on Directors and Governance of the Board. 1.2 Common Stock means the common stock of the Company, par value $.01 per share. 1.3 Company means NCR Corporation, a Maryland corporation. 1.4 1.5 Deferred Stock Award means the annual retainer and/or meeting fees, if any, elected by a Participant to be deferred as set forth in ARTICLE III. Deferred Stock Grant means the annual or mid-year equity grants, if any, elected by a Participant to be deferred as set forth in ARTICLE IV. 1.6 Director means a member of the Board who is not an employee of the Company. 1.7 Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock as of a specified date means, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing price of a share of Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange or such other securities exchange as may at the applicable time be the principal market for the Common Stock (the “Applicable Exchange”) on the trading date, or if shares of Common Stock were not traded on the Applicable Exchange on the trading date, then on the immediately preceding date on which shares of Common Stock were traded, all as reported by such source as the Committee may select. If the Common Stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, Fair Market Value shall be determined by the Committee in its good faith discretion. 1.8 1.9 Participant means a Director, and any former Director entitled to payment of a benefit from the Program. Restricted Stock means actual shares of Common Stock bearing restrictions or conditions and issued to a Director pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan. 1.10 Restricted Stock Units means awards denominated in shares of Common Stock that will be settled in shares of Common Stock equal to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying such awards. 1.11 Stock Incentive Plan means the NCR Corporation 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, adopted effective as of April 24, 2013, as may be amended from time to time. 1.12 Year of Service means the approximately 12 month period beginning on the date of an annual stockholders’ meeting of the Company and ending on the day before the Company’s annual stockholders’ meeting of the next following year, during which an individual serves as a Director. ARTICLE II Compensation 2.1 2.2 Annual Compensation. A Director will receive the compensation described in Sections 2.2 through 2.5 below, as determined by the Committee in its discretion, based on review of competitive data. Annual Retainer. For each Year of Service, a Director will receive an annual retainer as determined by the Committee, which may include an additional retainer amount for Committee Chairs and members who serve on any committee of the Board. Directors who are newly elected to the Board after the annual stockholders’ meeting of the Company will receive a prorated annual retainer for the first Year of Service. A Director may elect to receive the retainer in cash, in Common Stock, or as a Deferred Stock Award, as described in ARTICLE III. If no election is made, the retainer will be paid in cash. If paid in cash or Common Stock, payment of 25% of the annual amount will be made on June 30, September 30, December 31, and March 31, provided the individual is serving as a Director on such dates. If the individual is not serving as a Director on any such date, the remaining amount of the retainer shall be forfeited. If paid in Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock to be paid shall be determined by dividing the cash amount of the retainer due to the Director by the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the payment is due, rounding up to the next whole share. 2.3 Meeting Fees. The Committee may determine that Directors will receive a meeting fee for each meeting attended, and may determine that Committee Chairs will determine whether a particular special meeting is subject to a meeting fee. Meeting fees, if any, will be paid quarterly at the same time as the retainer, for meetings attended in the immediately preceding quarter, and may be paid in cash, Common Stock or as a Deferred Stock Award as provided in Article III. 2.4 Annual Equity Grant. At each annual stockholders’ meeting of the Company, each individual then serving as a Director or newly elected as a Director shall receive an equity grant under the Stock Incentive Plan, determined by the Committee, consisting of Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units and/or nonqualified stock options for Common Stock. If stock options are granted, the exercise price for each optioned share will be the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock on the grant date. The stock options will be fully vested and exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant, and will have a term of ten years from the date of grant. If Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units are awarded, the Committee may determine that the shares or units will be forfeited if the Director ceases to serve as a director during a restriction period determined by the Committee. If the annual equity grant is made in the form of Restricted Stock Units, a Director may elect to defer receipt of the Common Stock payable in respect of vested Restricted Stock Units as a Deferred Stock Grant as provided in ARTICLE IV. 2.5 Mid-Year Equity Grants. The Committee in its discretion may grant stock options and/or awards of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units, as described in Section 2.4, to Directors who are newly elected to the Board after the annual stockholders’ meeting. If Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units are awarded, the Committee may determine that the shares or units will be forfeited if the Director ceases to serve as a director during a restriction period determined by the Committee. If a mid-year equity grant is made in the form of Restricted Stock Units, a Director may elect to defer receipt of the Common Stock payable in respect of vested Restricted Stock Units as a Deferred Stock Grant as provided in ARTICLE IV. ARTICLE III Deferred Stock Awards 3.1 Election to Defer. For each calendar year, a Director may elect to defer receipt of pay for services relating to the retainer and meeting fees, if any, to be received in that calendar year, and receive them instead as a Deferred Stock Award. The election must be made prior to the January 1 of the calendar year in which the services relating to the retainer or meeting fees will be rendered by a Director or such later date as is permitted by guidance issued under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). The election to defer shall be irrevocable commencing on December 31 of the calendar year prior to the calendar year that such election is in effect. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a newly- elected Director may make an election within 30 days after the date of his or her election to the Board of Directors, which election shall become irrevocable as of the thirtieth (30th) day following the Director's election to the Board of Directors (or such earlier date as specified on the deferral election form) and shall apply only to the unvested retainer and meeting fees for services to be performed after the deferral election becomes irrevocable. A new election to defer may be made for each subsequent calendar year, provided the deferral election is made prior to the January 1 of the calendar year and will be irrevocable for such calendar year. If a new election is not made, or a prior election is not revoked for the immediately succeeding calendar year, the most recent election to defer will remain in effect and be irrevocable for the following calendar year. 3.2 Form of Election. The election to defer must be made in writing on a form provided by the Company. 3.3 Deferral Periods. A Director may elect to receive the Deferred Stock Award at one of the following times: on the date of termination as a Director consistent with the definition of (a) separation of service as defined pursuant to Section 409A of the Code; provided, however, that if a Director is a "specified employee" (as determined under the Company's policy for determining specified employees) on the date of separation from service, such Deferred Stock Award shall be paid on the first business day after the date that is six months following the Director's separation from service within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, or 3.4 3.5 4.1 (b) in one to five equal annual installments, payable on April 30 of each year, beginning on the April 30 next following the date of termination as a Director consistent with the definition of separation of service as defined pursuant to Section 409A of the Code; provided, however, that if a Director is a "specified employee" (as determined under the Company's policy for determining specified employees) on the date of separation from service, the first annual installment shall be paid no earlier than the first business day after the date that is six months following the Director's separation from service within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. Deferred Stock Awards. If a Director elects to receive the annual retainer and meeting fees, if any, as a Deferred Stock Award, the Company will maintain a deferred stock account credited, as of the date a payment of the retainer or meeting fee would have otherwise been paid, with a number of stock units equal to the shares of Common Stock (rounded up to the nearest whole share) that could have been purchased with the amount deferred as of such date at the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on such date. As of the date any dividend is paid to stockholders of Common Stock, the Director’s deferred stock account shall also be credited with an additional number of stock units equal to the number of shares of Common Stock (including fractions of a share) that could have been purchased at the Fair Market Value on such date with the dividend paid on the number of shares of Common Stock equivalent to the number of share units credited to the Director’s deferred stock account. In case of dividends paid in property, the dividend shall be deemed to be the fair market value of the property at the same time of distribution of the dividend, as determined by the Committee. Distribution of Deferred Stock Award. Payment of a Director’s Deferred Stock Award shall be made at the times elected by the Director at the time of his or deferral election. Distribution shall be made in shares of Common Stock. The total number of shares of Common Stock that a Participant shall receive shall equal the number of stock units credited to the Participant’s deferred stock account as of the date of termination of the Participant service as a Director; provided that, in the case of a Participant who elects to receive the distribution in installments, such number of stock units shall be increased, in accordance with Section 3.4 to reflect any dividends paid to stockholders of Common Stock during the period commencing on the date of termination of the Participant’s service as a Director and ending on the date that distribution of the Deferred Stock Award is complete. The shares of Common Stock distributed pursuant to this Section 3.5 shall be paid from, and shall count against the share reserve of, the Stock Incentive Plan. ARTICLE IV Deferred Stock Grants Election to Defer. If and to the extent Restricted Stock Units are granted to a Director in connection with the annual or mid-year equity grants described in Sections 2.4 and 2.5, respectively, a Director may elect to defer receipt of the Common Stock otherwise payable to the Director as such Restricted Stock Units vest. For the annual equity grant, the election to defer must be made prior to the January 1 of the calendar year in which the grant is made. The election to defer shall be irrevocable commencing on December 31 of the calendar year prior to the calendar year that such election is in effect. To the extent permitted by the Committee, for the mid-year equity grant for newly-elected Directors, such Directors may make the deferral election within 30 days after the date of his or her election to the Board of Directors, which election shall become irrevocable as of the thirtieth (30th) day following the Director's election to the Board of Directors (or such earlier date as specified on the deferral election form) and shall apply only to the mid-year equity grant for services to be performed after the deferral election becomes irrevocable. A new deferral election for annual equity grants may be made for each subsequent calendar year, provided the election to defer is made prior to the January 1 of that calendar year. If a new election is not made, or a prior election is not revoked for the immediately succeeding calendar year, the most recent election to defer will remain in effect and be irrevocable for the following calendar year. If no deferral election is made, the Common Stock payable as the Restricted Stock Units vest will be issued to the Director within 30 days after the applicable vesting date. 4.2 Form of Election. The election to defer must be made in writing on a form provided by the Company. 4.3 4.4 Deferral Periods. A Director may elect to receive the Common Stock at one of the times specified in Section 3.3 above. Deferred Stock Accounts. If a Director elects to defer receipt of the Common Stock otherwise payable in respect of Restricted Stock Units awarded as annual or mid-year equity grants, the Company will maintain a deferred stock account credited, as of the date of election to the Board, with a number of stock units equal to the shares of Common Stock the Director was entitled to receive as such Restricted Stock Units vested. As of the date any dividend is paid to stockholders of Common Stock, the Director’s deferred stock account shall also be credited with an additional number of stock units equal to the number of shares of Common Stock (including fractions of a share) that could have been purchased at the Fair Market Value on such date with the dividend paid on the number of shares of Common Stock equivalent to the number of share units credited to the Director’s deferred stock account. In case of dividends paid in property, the dividend shall be deemed to be the fair market value of the property at the same time of distribution of the dividend, as determined by the Committee. 4.5 Distribution of Deferred Stock Grant. Payment of a Director’s Deferred Stock Grant shall be made at the times elected by the Director at the time of deferral, in shares of Common Stock. The Participant shall receive the number of whole shares of Common Stock to which the amount of the distribution is equivalent. The shares of Common Stock shall be paid from, and shall count against the share reserve of, the Stock Incentive Plan. ARTICLE V Distribution Upon Death 5.1 Distribution Upon Death. In the event of the death of a Participant, whether before or after termination of service as a Director, any Deferred Stock Award or Deferred Stock Grant to which he or she was entitled shall be distributed in a lump sum to the Participant’s designated beneficiary, or if no beneficiary is designated, to the Participant’s estate. Distribution shall be made in shares of Common Stock. The total number of shares of Common Stock that shall be distributed shall be the number of stock units credited to the Participant’s deferred stock account as of the date of the Participant’s death. Distribution of a Participant’s stock options will be according to the terms of the stock option agreements. 5.2 Designation of Beneficiary. A Participant may designate an individual or entity as his or her beneficiary to receive payment of any Deferred Stock Award, Deferred Stock Grant, or retainer or meeting fees due and unpaid on the date of the Participant’s death, by delivering a written designation to the Company. A Participant may from time to time revoke or change any such designation in writing delivered to the Company. If there is no unrevoked designation on file with the Company at the time of the Participant’s death, or if the designated beneficiary has predeceased the Participant or otherwise ceased to exist, such distribution shall be made in accordance with the Participant’s will or in the absence of a will, to the administrator of the Participant’s estate. Distribution shall be made within 90 days after the Participant’s death. ARTICLE VI Administration 6.1 Withholding Taxes. The Company shall deduct from all distributions under the Program any taxes required to be withheld by federal, state or local governments. If distributions are made in shares of Common Stock, the Company shall have the right to retain the value of sufficient shares equal to the amount of the tax required to be withheld with respect to such distributions. In lieu of withholding the value of shares, the Company may require a recipient of a distribution in Common Stock to reimburse the Company for any such taxes required to be withheld upon such terms and conditions as the Company may prescribe. 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Unfunded Nature of Program. This Program shall be unfunded. The funds used for payment of benefits hereunder shall, until such actual payment, continue to be part of the general funds of the Company, and no person other than the Company shall, by virtue of this Program, have any interest in any such funds. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to create a trust of any kind or create any fiduciary relationship. To the extent that any person acquires a right to receive payments from the Company under this Program, such right shall be no greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Company. Non-alienation of Benefits. No benefit under this Program shall be subject in any manner to anticipation, alienation, sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, encumbrance, or charge, including assignment pursuant to a domestic relations order, and any attempt to do so shall be void. No such benefit shall, prior to receipt thereof by the Participant, be in any manner liable for or subject to the debts, contracts, liabilities, or torts of the Participant. Acceleration Upon a Change in Control. As provided in Article X of the Stock Incentive Plan and applicable provisions of a Director’s individual award agreement or statement under this Program, the vesting of nonqualified stock options, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units, and the payment of Deferred Stock Awards and Deferred Stock Grants, may accelerate upon the occurrence of a Change in Control. For purposes of the Program, Change in Control shall be applied to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A(a)(2)(a)(v) of the Code, and in Treasury Regulations issued pursuant to Section 409A(e) of the Code, rather than as defined in Article X of the Stock Incentive Plan. Amendment or Termination of the Program. The Committee at any time may amend or terminate the Program, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the right of any Participant or beneficiary to a benefit to which he or she has become entitled pursuant to the Program, and no amendment or termination of the Program can alter the Participant’s deferrals of compensation in noncompliance with Section 409A of the Code, or the rules and regulations issued pursuant thereto. Any amendment or termination of the Program that is inconsistent with, or in violation of Code Section 409A, shall be void and of no effect. 6.6 Interpretation of the Program. The Program is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 409A of the Code, and the Treasury Regulations issued pursuant thereto; and the provisions of the Program will at all times be administered consistent therewith. Any provision of the Program that is inconsistent with, or in violation of, Section 409A of the Code, shall be void and of no effect. The Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer, and the General Counsel of the Company are delegated the responsibility to interpret and administer the Program consistent with Section 409A of the Code and to take necessary action pursuant to this Section 6.6 and Section 6.5 to assure that the Program is administered consistent with such provision. EXHIBIT 10.42.1 2014 Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Statement Name of Grantee Soc. Sec. # Grant Date No. of Restricted Stock Units You have been awarded the above number of NCR Corporation (“NCR”) restricted stock units (the “Stock Units”) under the NCR Corporation 2013 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), subject to the terms and conditions of this 2014 Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Statement (this “Statement”), the Plan and the NCR Director Compensation Program (the "Program"). 1. The Stock Units will vest during the one (1) year period beginning on the date upon which you were granted the Stock Units (the “Grant Date”), in four (4) equal quarterly installments commencing three (3) months after the Grant Date, provided that you continuously serve as a Director of NCR until each quarterly vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Grant Date of your Stock Units is the date of an Annual Meeting of Stockholders, then, the fourth quarterly vesting will occur only if you continue to serve as a Director until the earlier of (a) the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders following the Grant Date, or (b) the first (1st) anniversary of the Grant Date. 2. The Stock Units will become fully vested if, prior to the one (1) year anniversary of the Grant Date, you die at a time while serving as a Director of NCR. 3. The vesting schedule will accelerate and the Stock Units will become fully vested if (1) a Change in Control (as defined in Section 10(b) of the Plan) occurs, and (2) you cease to serve as a Director of NCR within twenty-four (24) months of the effective date of the Change in Control for any reason other than your willful engaging in illegal conduct or gross misconduct, as determined by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire membership of the Board of Directors of NCR. In the event that Stock Units become vested due to your cessation of service as a Director of NCR pursuant to this Section 3, to the extent required to comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), such Stock Units shall be paid upon your "separation from service" within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code; provided, however, that if you are a "specified employee" as determined under NCR's policy for determining specified employees on the date of separation from service, such Stock Units shall be paid, to the extent required to comply with Section 409A of the Code, on the first business day after the date that is six months following your "separation from service" within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. 4. Except as otherwise provided pursuant to (1) a deferral election in effect under Article IV of the Program or (2) Section 3 of this Statement, when vested, the Stock Units will be paid to you in shares of NCR common stock, such that one Stock Unit equals one share of NCR common stock. 5. Any cash dividends declared before the vesting dates on the shares underlying the Stock Units shall not be paid currently, but shall be converted to additional Stock Units, based on the fair market value of NCR common stock on the date the dividend is declared. Any Stock Units resulting from such conversion will be considered Stock Units for purposes of this Statement and will be subject to all of the terms, conditions and restrictions set forth herein. 6. You may designate one or more beneficiaries to receive all or part of any shares underlying the Stock Units to be distributed in case of your death, and you may change or revoke such designation at any time. In the event of your death, any shares underlying the Stock Units distributable hereunder that are subject to such a designation will be distributed to such beneficiary or beneficiaries in accordance with this Statement. Any other shares underlying the Stock Units not designated by you will be distributable to 1 your estate. If there shall be any question as to the legal right of any beneficiary to receive a distribution hereunder, the shares underlying the Stock Units in question may be transferred to your estate, in which event NCR will have no further liability to anyone with respect to such shares. 7. The terms of this award of Stock Units as evidenced by this Statement may be amended by the NCR Board of Directors or the Compensation and Human Resource Committee of the NCR Board of Directors, provided that no such amendment shall impair your rights hereunder without your consent. 8. In the event of a conflict between the terms and conditions of this Statement and the terms and conditions of the Plan, the terms and conditions of the Plan shall prevail. 2 SUBSIDIARIES OF NCR CORPORATION as of February 27 2015 EXHIBIT 21 MTXEPS LLC Data Pathing Holding LLC NCR EasyPoint LLC NCR European and South American Holdings LLC NCR Government Systems LLC NCR Indonesia LLC NCR International, Inc. NCR Italia Holdings LLC NCR Latin American Holdings LLC NCR Middle East Holdings, LLC NCR Poland LLC NCR Solutions (Middle East) LLC NCR Receivables LLC North American Research Corporation Quantor Holding LLC StoreNext Retail Technologies LLC Hercules RE Holdings, LLC Radiant Payment Services, LLC The National Cash Register Company Cornell Mayo Associates, Inc. Retail Control Systems, Inc. Retalix USA, Inc. TCR Business Systems, Inc. Texas Digital Systems, Inc. Digital Insight NCR Argentina S.R.L. Alaric International Pty Ltd NCR Australia Pty, Ltd. Quest Retail Technology Pty Ltd Radiant Holdings Pty Ltd. Radiant Systems Asia-Pacific Pty Ltd. Retalix Australia PTY Ltd. RADS Australia Holdings Pty Ltd NCR Oesterreich Ges.m.b.H. Orderman GmbH Radiant Systems GmbH NCR (Bahrain) W.L.L. NCR Hospitality Bahrain SPC NCR Belgium & Co. SNC Organized under the Laws of California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Georgia Georgia Maryland North Carolina Pennsylvania Texas Texas Texas Delaware Argentina Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Austria Austria Austria Bahrain Bahrain Belgium Global Assurance Limited NCR (Bermuda) Holdings Limited NCR Bermuda (2006) Limited NCR Services Limited NCR Treasury Finance Limited NCR Treasury Financing Limited NCR Brasil – Industria de Equipamentos para Automacao S.A. NCR Brasil LTDA POS Integrated Solutions De Brasil Comercio E Services de Informatica S.A. RDS South American Comercio E Servicos De Informatica S.A. Wyse Sistemas de Informatica Ltda NCR Canada Corp. NCR Chile Industrial y Comercial Limitada NCR Comercial E Inversiones Limitada NCR (Beijing) Financial Equipment System Co., Ltd. NCR (Guangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. NCR (Shanghai) Technology Services Ltd. Retalix Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd. NCR Colombia Ltda Papeles y Suministros del Cuaca S.A. (Joint Venture) NCR (Cyprus) Limited NCR (IRI) Ltd. NCR (Middle East) Limited NCR (North Africa) Limited NCR Ceska Republika spol. S.r.o. NCR Danmark A/S NCR Dominicana SRL NCR Finland OY 4Front Technologies SA France NCR France, SNC Retalix France SARL NCR Antilles S.A.R.L. NCR GmbH NCR Ghana Limited NCR (Hellas) S.A. NCR (Hong Kong) Limited Alaric International Korlatolt Felelossegu Tarsasag NCR Global Service Center K.f.t. NCR Magyarorszag Kft. NCR Corporation India Private Limited Digital Insight India Products Private Limited Radiant Systems Retail Solutions Private Limited P. T. NCR Indonesia NCR Airside Ireland Limited NCR Global Holdings Limited Organized under the Laws of Bermuda Bermuda Bermuda Bermuda Bermuda Bermuda Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil Canada Chile Chile China China China China Colombia Colombia Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Finland France France France French W.I. Germany Ghana Greece Hong Kong Hungary Hungary Hungary India India India Indonesia Ireland Ireland NCR Global Solutions Limited NCR International Technology Limited DemandX Ltd. Kohav Orion Advertising Information Ltd. Moon Holdings S.P.V Ltd. Orlan Orion Systems Ltd. P.O.S. (Restaurant Solutions) Ltd. Palm Point Ltd. Retalix Israel Ltd. Retalix Ltd. StoreAlliance.com Ltd. StoreNext Ltd. StoreNext Strategy Limited Partnership Tamar Industries M.R. Electronic Ltd. TradaNet Electronic Commerce Services Ltd. NCR Italia S.r.l. Retalix Italia S.p.A. Global Solution Services, Ltd. NCR Holdings, Ltd. NCR Japan, Ltd. NCR (Kenya) Limited NCR Korea Co Ltd. NCR International & Co Holdings Luxembourg SNC NCR International & Co Luxembourg SNC NCR International SNC NCR International 2 SNC RADS International SARL Orderman S.Á R.L. NCR (Macau) Limited Alaric International SDN. BHD NCR (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Radiant Systems Retail Solutions SDN. BDH. Tricubes NCR JV Sdn Bhd NCR Consumables, SA de CV NCR de Mexico S. RL C.V. NCR Global Consumables Solutions, SA de CV NCR Solutions de Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V. Keynesplein Holding C.V. NCR Aftermarket B.V. NCR Dutch Holdings B.V. NCR Dutch Holdings C.V. NCR Nederland B.V. NCR (NZ) Corporation NCR (Nigeria) PLC NCR Norge AS Organized under the Laws of Ireland Ireland Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Israel Italy Italy Japan Japan Japan Kenya Korea Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxeumbourg Macau Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Netherlands Netherlands Netherlands Netherlands Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway NCR Corporation de Centroamerica S.A. NCR del Peru S.A. NCR Cebu Development Center, Inc. NCR Corporation (Philippines) NCR Polska Sp.z.o.o. NCR Iberia Lda NCR Qatar LLC NCR A/O NCR D.O.O. Beograd NCR Asia Pacific PTE Limited NCR Singapore Pte Ltd Radiant Systems Retail Solutions Pte Ltd. NCR International (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd. NCR Espana, S.L. Orderman Iberica S.L. Radiant Systems Retail Solutions, S.L. Iber Aloha S.L. National Registrierkassen AG NCR (Switzerland) GmbH NCR Systems Taiwan Ltd. NCR (Thailand) Limited Radiant Systems Ltd. NCR Bilisim Sistemleri, LS NCR Ukraine Limited Alaric Systems Limited Eurographics Industries Ltd. Express Boyd Limited Fluidtopco Ltd. NCR Financial Solutions Group Limited NCR Limited NCR Properties Limited NCR UK Finance Limited NCR UK Group Limited NCR UK Holdings Limited NCR UK Partners LLP Radiant Systems UK (II) Limited Radiant Systems Limited Retalix (UK) Limited N. Timms & Co (Private) Ltd NCR Zimbabwe (Private) Ltd Organized under the Laws of Panama Peru Philippines Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Russia Serbia Singapore Singapore Singapore South Africa Spain Spain Spain Spain Switzerland Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Zimbabwe Zimbabwe CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM EXHIBIT 23.1 (Nos. 333-18797, 333-188167 and We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form 333-139553) of NCR Corporation of our report dated February 27, 2015 relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Atlanta, Georgia February 27, 2015 CERTIFICATION Exhibit 31.1 I, William Nuti, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of NCR Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 27, 2015 /s/ William Nuti William Nuti Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President CERTIFICATION Exhibit 31.2 I, Robert Fishman, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of NCR Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 27, 2015 /s/ Robert Fishman Robert Fishman Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO Exhibit 32 SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of NCR Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2014 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company does hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 (section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002), that: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company. The foregoing certification (i) is given to such officers’ knowledge, based upon such officers’ investigation as such officers reasonably deem appropriate; and (ii) is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 (section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002) and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. Dated: February 27, 2015 /s/ William Nuti William Nuti Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President Dated: February 27, 2015 /s/ Robert Fishman Robert Fishman Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signatures that appear in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to NCR Corporation and will be retained by NCR Corporation and furnished to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. 

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