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Open Orphan plc

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Employees 51-200
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FY2020 Annual Report · Open Orphan plc
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 Open Orphan Plc 

Contents 

Company Information 

Executive Chairman’s Statement 

The Board  

Strategic Report   

Report of the Directors   

Corporate Governance Statement  

Report of the Remuneration Committee 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income Statement 

Consolidated and Company’s Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated and Company’s Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity 

Consolidated and Company’s Statement of Cash Flows 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

1 

2 

7 

8 

10 

13 

15   

16 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Open Orphan Plc 

Company Information 

Directors: 

Cathal Friel (Executive Chairman) 
Leo Toole (Chief Financial Officer) 
Prof. Brendan Buckley (Non-Executive Director) 
Michael Meade (Non-Executive Director) 
Elaine Sullivan (Non-Executive Director) 

Company Secretary: 

Beach Secretaries Limited 

Registered office: 

Head office: 

Queen Mary BioEnterprises 
Innovation Centre 
42 New Road 
London, E1 2AX, UK   

10-12 Alie Street 
2nd Floor 
London E1 8DE, UK 

Place of incorporation: 

England and Wales (Company number – 07514939) 

Auditors: 

Nominated Advisor and Joint broker: 

Joint Broker: 

Euronext Growth advisor  
and Joint Broker: 

Solicitors to the Company: 

Registrars: 

Bankers: 

Public relations: 

Website: 

Jeffreys Henry LLP 
Finsgate 
5 – 7 Cranwood Street 
London EC1V 9EE 

Arden Partners plc, 
125, Old Broad Street 
London, EC2N 1AR  

finnCap Ltd 
60, New Broad Street 
London, EC2M 1JJ 

Davy 
Davy House 
49 Dawson Street 
Dublin 2 

DAC Beachcroft 
25 Walbrook 
London 
EC4N 8AF 

SLC Registrars Limited 
Elder House 
St Georges Business Park 
Weybridge 
Surrey, KT13 OTS 

Ulster Bank 
Victoria Square 
11 – 16 Donegall Square East 
Belfast, BT1 5UB 

Walbrook Public Relations 
4 Lombard Street 
London, EC3V 9HD 

www.openorphan.com 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Open Orphan Plc 

Executive Chairman’s Statement 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
Dear Shareholder, 

I am very happy to report to you on the progress made in 2020. Having completed the integration of both hVIVO plc with 
our existing Venn Life Sciences plc and Open Orphan operations, we now have a fully integrated services business with its 
main office and business based out of Whitechapel in East London, supported by our drug development consultancy arm in 
Breda,  in  the  Netherlands  and  in  Paris  in  France.  During  this  restructuring  and  integration  process  we  have  reduced 
the  footprint  of  offices  that  we  had  in  January  2020  from  eight  to  now  four.  We  have  worked  hard  to  establish  Open 
Orphan as the world leader in the testing of vaccines and antivirals through the use of human challenge study clinical trials. 
Furthermore, most  importantly  we  are  pleased  to  confirm  that  after  many  years  of  losses  racked  up  by  Venn  and  hVIVO 
the  combined  business is now operationally profitable and, furthermore, as we move through 2021 is generating cash. It has 
always been our opinion  that  such  pharma  services  businesses  should  always  be  profitable  and  going  into  a  future  that 
looks bright we are steadfast in our belief that this unique business will remain fast growing and profitable.  

Looking forward to 2021, we are very happy with the progress and we have set ourselves demanding goals and targets for 
the year  and  we  hope  to  exceed  them  significantly on  all  counts.  Most  importantly  as  we  progress,  we  increasingly  target 
H1  of  2021  for  the  Company  as  a  whole  to  be  operationally  profitable  and  are  trading  well  to  meet  market  forecasts. 
Furthermore,  we  have  been  guiding  the  market  that  our  strategy  to  spin  out  non-core  assets  is  well  on  the  way  to  being 
monetized  and  the  proceeds  from  these  returned  to  shareholders  via  distributions  in  species  by  the  end  of  2021.  The 
strategy, described in more detail below, is progressing well having successfully completed a Reduction of Capital earlier this 
year. 

Non-core asset monetisations 
Earlier this week we announced further details of our plans for a first distribution in specie, in relation to the demerging of 
certain non-core assets, which we own 100%. These assets had resided within Open Orphan and are in the process of being 
spun out into Poolbeg Pharma Limited (“Poolbeg  Pharma”), a company established to develop these assets. In the 
coming  weeks we expect Poolbeg Pharma to complete its own IPO on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange., 
where it will become its own standalone company. For avoidance of doubt, these non-core assets do not include the 49% 
stake we hold in Imutex nor the 62.62% held in Prep Biopharm, nor do they include our Disease in Motion data business. 
We are very excited about the value we can return to shareholders with this first non-core asset spin out and monetisation 
and, if it grows in the same trajectory as Open Orphan has in the last two years, then it will be a positive start to our non-core 
monetisation strategy. Over the coming few months we would hope to further update the market on progress with the 
monetisation of the second non-core asset and we will have continued progress the spin out and monetisation of all non-
core assets.    

Business update 
In the last 12 months we have substantially increased the number of quarantine beds that we have access to. We have 
grown from the original 24 quarantine beds we have had in our Queen Mary’s BioEnterprises Centre (QMB) in Whitechapel 
in East London, by adding 19 bed additional beds through the conversion of the Whitechapel Hotel into the Whitechapel 
Clinic.  We have also expanded our volunteer recruitment facilities by converting a former Costa Coffee shop that was on the 
ground floor of our QMB facility into a state-of-the-art volunteer recruitment screening centre. On top of that, we also opened 
a standalone regional volunteer recruitment screening centre in Manchester. With these new facilities we now have the ability 
to screen in excess of 500 volunteers per week to facilitate our growing pipeline of human challenge studies. 

Since  January  2020  we  have  also  substantially  increased  our  number  of  challenge  study  models.  Previously  hVIVO  would 
have  been  very  focused  around  one  disease  indication  and  in  recent  years  very  dependent  on  RSV  challenge  studies. 
However,  in  the  past  year  I  am  glad  to  report  that  hVIVO,  which  is  now  home  to  our main London  offices,  offers a much 
broader suite of human challenge study models which can now test vaccines and antivirals for influenza, RSV, RV, COVID-19, 
asthma, malaria, hRV, COPD, and a number of other diseases.   

Post  pandemic,  there  has  been  an  explosion  in  the  growth  of  the  infectious  disease  pharmaceuticals  market,  which  is 
estimated to grow to in excess of $250bn by 2025. As  major pharmaceutical companies develop a range of  new  infectious 
disease vaccines and antivirals, many of them can be tested using a human challenge model. As such, we believe that Open 
Orphan is  

2 

 Open Orphan Plc 

Executive Chairman’s Statement (Cont’d) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

very well positioned in a rapidly growing market and we can see a growing pipeline of contracts. We are actively engaging with 
a large number of the top pharma companies around the world as regards testing their products 

With the pharmaceutical services business (Venn & hVIVO combined) now firmly profitable and cash generative we have a 
growing working capital balance on hand, which is a very favourable situation to be in after so many years of consistent losses. 
As part of putting Poolbeg Pharma on a firm footing to IPO successfully, and hopefully grow substantially in the months and 
years ahead, we are using some of our cash balance (c £0.2m) toward Poolbeg Pharma. Furthermore, we are investing a further 
£0.2m in developing our other non-core assets as part of ensuring that they too will hopefully be monetised in due course 
ahead.  

Governance 
The Board continues to recognise the importance of the high standards of corporate governance and considers that the Group’s 
success is enhanced by the imposition of a strong corporate governance framework. Accordingly, in recognition of the need to 
maintain continued best practice the Board will continue to monitor its composition and skills balance.  

In November 2020, I was very happy to welcome Elaine Sullivan to the Board who brings many years of experience in pharma 
and life sciences to support our strategy. In return, I would also like to acknowledge the important contribution of Mark Warne 
during his tenure as non-executive director and wish him well for the future. 

2020 in perspective 
The calendar year just gone was an important year of transition following the various merger and acquisition activities in 2019 
and  January  2020.  The  Company  has  focused  its  attention  to  reverse  the  negative  combined  loss  position  in  2019  by 
strengthening  business  development  capability  and  systems,  restructuring  underperforming  businesses,  eliminating 
unnecessary layers of management, and integrating support functions across the Group. This work is now complete with our 
focus on driving ongoing steady performance improvements in revenue, gross margins and efficient overheads. 

Our work to strengthen business development is coming to fruition as we see a significantly improved track record of major 
contract wins in 2020 (versus 2019). This sets the scene for strong revenue growth in 2021 and in turn strong EBITDA and 
operating profit growth. 

In  light  of  the  emerging  COVID-19  pandemic  in  March  2020  the  Group  took  the  strategic  decision  to  develop  a  COVID-19 
challenge model. On the back of this investment, the Open Orphan group (through its hVIVO Division) was commissioned by 
the UK Government   to contribute to a world-first initiative led by the UK government to manufacture a COVID-19 virus, and 
collaborate  to  design  and  deliver  a  characterization  study  to  understand  how  to  use  this  virus  for  vaccine  and  anti-viral 
challenge  trials.  This  collaboration  is  ongoing  with  significant  progress  achieved  to  enable  the  Group  to  test  vaccines  and 
therapeutics against COVID-19 in the near future. 

Financial Results 
While  nobody  can  be  happy  that  the  Group  made  a  loss  in  2020,  this  was  expected  and  importantly  shows  significant 
improvement versus the pro forma performance of the Group in 2019. In addition, the Group made an operating profit in Q4 
2020  and  targets  continued  momentum  to  deliver  full  year  profitability  in  2021.  As  mentioned  above  the  pharmaceutical 
services business (the combined business of Venn and hVIVO) is now operationally profitable and as we move into 2021 will 
be cash generative. 

The Group is very well capitalised and was strengthened through two placings in 2020 raising a combined total of £17.9m 
(before expenses) and strong working capital management through advanced cash payments on major agreements. As at 31 
December 2020 cash and cash equivalents were £19.2m. Cash as of end May was £15.1m, reflecting the expected release of 
customer prepayments in H1 2021, which should build back strongly by year end as we close contracts for execution in 2022    

Reported results for Open Orphan plc are summarized on page 4 and are covered by the schedules and notes from pages 28 
to 63 of these Financial Statements (and in particular reflect reverse merger accounting treatment under IFRS 3 and IFRS 10 of 
the combination of Venn Life Sciences Holdings plc and Open Orphan DAC as of 28 June 2019).  

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Open Orphan Plc 

Executive Chairman’s Statement (Cont’d) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Proforma Results for hVIVO Ltd (on a stand-alone basis) are presented for reference. In addition, pro-forma results for Open 
Orphan plc (formerly Venn Life Sciences Holdings plc on a stand-alone basis), Open Orphan DAC (on a stand-alone basis) and 
Open Orphan plc (on a combined basis) for the full calendar year are outlined for reference. 

Open Orphan plc 
Group 
(Results as Reported) 

hVIVO Ltd 
(Proforma results on a 
stand-alone basis for a 
full year) 

2020 
£'000 

2019 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

2019 
£'000 

Open Orphan plc 
(formerly Venn Life 
Sciences Holdings plc - 
Proforma results on a 
stand-alone basis for a 
full year) 
2019 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

Open Orphan DAC 
(Proforma results on a 
stand-alone basis for a 
full year) 

Open Orphan plc 
Group 
(Proforma results on a 
combined basis for a 
full year) 

2020 
£'000 

2019 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

2019 
£'000 

21,995 

3,543 

14,515 

15,092 

7,844 

8,643 

- 

- 

22,359 

23,735 

(32,437) 
(10,442) 
(6,265) 

(8,673) 
(5,130) 
(3,792) 

(19,369) 
(4,854) 
(2,925) 

(20,985) 
(5,893) 
(3,785) 

(13,448) 
(5,604) 
(3,313) 

(15,028) 
(6,385) 
(4,432) 

(435) 
(435) 
(431) 

(669) 
(669) 
(668) 

(33,252) 
(10,893) 
(6,669) 

(36,683) 
(12,948) 
(8,885) 

(8,317) 

(4,419) 

(4,377) 

(4,845) 

(3,957) 

(5,674) 

(435) 

(669) 

(8,769) 

(11,188) 

(10,791) 

(5,739) 

(4,927) 

(6,973) 

(5,776) 

(6,622) 

(548) 

(899) 

(11,251) 

(14,494) 

Income Statement 

Revenue (Incl. other 
income) 
Project & Admin Costs 
Operating (Loss) 
EBITDA before exceptional 
items 
Operating (Loss) before 
exceptional items 
Loss for period 

Balance Sheet 

£'000 

£'000 

Non-current Assets 
Current Assets 
Cash 
Total Asset 
Total equity 
Non-current Liabilities 
Current Liabilities 
Total Liabilities 
Total Equity & 
Liabilities 

18,501 
10,839 
19,205 
48,545 
22,297 
2,216 
24,032 
26,248 
48,545 

4,376 
3,627 
1,037 
9,040 
2,850 
1,025 
5,165 
6,190 
9,040 

Strategy 
Open Orphan plc is a rapidly growing specialist pharmaceutical services clinical research organisation (CRO) and world leader 
in  vaccine  and  antiviral  testing  using  human  challenge  clinical  trials.  Our  enlarged  offering  of  early  clinical  development 
services, clinical trial delivery expertise and virology related challenge studies, with a particular focus on rare and emerging 
diseases,  is  a  strong  platform  to  deliver  substantial  and  sustainable  returns  to  shareholders.  To  enable  our  pathway  to 
sustainable revenue and earnings growth, we have focussed on the following key initiatives which we are confident will bear 
fruit across 2021 and into 2022. 

• 

• 

• 

Expanding  our  challenge  business  in  London  beyond  Influenza  and  Respiratory  Syncytial  Virus  (RSV)  through  the 
development of new models in the areas of Malaria and Pneumococcus, which are already in advanced stages of validation 
and are targeted to commercialize in 2022.  

Strengthening our capability to deliver for clients through the opening of the Whitechapel Clinic as an extension of hVIVO`s 
current QMB site. This newly renovated, state-of-the-art unit allows us to increase our study capacity substantially in the 
year ahead. 

Building our capability in the Netherlands to provide deep expertise in the areas of early drug development and CMC for 
early-stage  drug  assets.    In  parallel,  we  will  leverage  the  considerable  strength  of  our  in-house  data  management, 
biostatistics,  randomization,  and  medical  writing  teams  in  France  to  drive  internal  cost  synergies  for  London  sourced 
challenge projects.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Open Orphan Plc 

Executive Chairman’s Statement (Cont’d) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

• 

• 

• 

Ongoing focus to strengthen and optimize gross margins and EBITDA margins to 15-20% of Revenue by driving improved 
load  balancing  and  capacity  utilization  across  our  quarantine  units,  leveraging  technology  to  improve  operational 
throughput, and driving full revenue recovery for billable time across all service lines. In addition, we are renegotiating 
operating  leases  to  optimize  rental  costs  in  light  of  our  core  operational  footprint  and  evolving  post  pandemic  work 
practices. 

Taking enabling steps to accelerate the development and commercialisation of some of our non-core Development  IP 
Assets through the demerger of Poolbeg Pharma, the detailed timetable which was announced earlier this week and which 
offers the opportunity to access financing as a separate public company listed on AIM and a separate business focussed 
on  the  successful  commercialisation  of  pharmaceutical  products.  In  addition,  we  continue  to  carefully  monitor  the 
progress  of  our  associates  (49%  share  in  Imutex  Limited,  developing  vaccines  against  influenza  (FLU  v)  and  universal 
mosquito borne diseases (AGS v), 62.62% of PrEP Biopharm Limited focused on the prevention of respiratory infections). 

Leveraging technology through our Disease in Motion® platform, a unique data-focused platform which includes clinical, 
immunological,  virological,  and  digital  (wearable)  biomarkers  with  multiple  infectious  disease  applications  that  are 
applicable to a wide variety of end users including big tech, wearables, pharma, and biotech companies. In H2 2021, we 
will consider the opportunity to spin-out the Disease in Motion* platform building on our progress with Poolbeg Pharma. 

Outlook 
Over the last year we have been busy transforming Open Orphan into a profitable enterprise with a world leading position 
testing vaccines and antivirals using human challenge studies. This work continues apace as we anticipate that the testing of 
vaccines and antivirals for multiple diseases will increasingly become part of mainstream clinical research offerings given the 
historic low levels of such research to address known virus risks and potential virus risks, a fact highlighted in the starkest 
possible terms by the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

We are satisfied that, proactively, we took the lead to develop a COVID-19 challenge model in March 2020 as it was clear to us 
that such research would be essential. Indeed, this investment has been vindicated by our partnership with the UK government 
to characterize a COVID-19 virus in anticipation of using it to test vaccines and therapeutics in the coming years. Through this 
and  other  collaborations,  the  recognition  of  the  amazing  capability  in  our  teams  is  humbling,  and  this  has  contributed  to 
increased awareness of Open Orphan and its respective hVIVO and Venn divisions. 

Our Clinical Science Teams and Laboratory Development Teams continue to address ground-breaking research projects with 
major  pharmaceutical  players,  and  their  exceptional  expertise,  combined  with  a  problem-solving  mindset,  to  address  our 
Clients’ needs means that we expect our services to be in strong demand for the year ahead.    

I have always made it very clear that the clinical research services business needs to stand on its own as a sustainable and 
profitable business. As that journey is now well advanced, it means that this is the right time to bifurcate this service businesses 
from the pharmaceutical development assets that will prosper with a management and environment focused on the rapid 
development of new therapies and the ability to be tailored to its different funding needs. Our planned demerger strategy is 
progressing well having successfully completed a Reduction of Capital in our parent company Open Orphan plc. Should we 
succeed to complete the demergers, this will be an excellent opportunity for shareholders in Open Orphan to maximise value 
through  separate  shareholdings  in  both  a  profitable  pharma  services  company  as  well  as  exciting  pharma  products 
commercialisation companies. 

In this vein, we are very excited by the opportunity to progress our Disease in Motion® platform. The platform includes data 
from cutting edge wearables that are applicable to a wide variety of end users including big tech, wearables, pharma, and 
biotech  companies.  As  volunteers  remain  under  close  observation  prior  to  viral  challenge,  during  disease  progression  and 
through to full recovery, data is captured across the full time-course of the infection, yielding possible insights into the body's 
response to infection.  As a recognised global leader in supporting the development of therapeutics and vaccines, our team of 
virological, clinical, and regulatory experts are actively in discussion with potential partners to help address the next set of 
challenges facing humanity. In due course, we see the potential for this new activity stream to be demerged from the core 
services business to again create significant value through separate shareholdings.  

5 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 Open Orphan Plc 

Executive Chairman’s Statement (Cont’d) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Lastly, the Group is not simply satisfied to have returned to a positive operating position at the end of 2020 and to be targeting 
to deliver a full year profit in 2021, it is now focused to further enhance the quality of profits and earnings of the Group going 
forward. Therefore, notwithstanding the strategic investments we are making in new challenge models and the Disease in 
Motion® platform, we will relentlessly focus on cross selling our services across our broad client base, leveraging technology 
to drive improved efficiencies, and stripping away unnecessary cost in our operations. 

It has been a remarkable year and I am grateful to our team for their hard work and loyalty. I am also grateful to you, our 
shareholders for the faith you have placed in the Group. The new financial year has started well and is already very promising, 
and we look forward to creating significant value for all our stakeholders 

Cathal Friel - Executive Chairman                                                 

17 June 2021 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

The Board 

Cathal Friel, Chairman (aged 56) 
Cathal  Friel  has  30  plus  years  of  corporate  experience  and  is  the  Managing  Director  and  founder  of  Raglan  Capital.  Cathal  was  a 
Cofounder and Director of Amryt Pharma plc, a leading European Orphan Drug Company listed on the London and Dublin Stock 
Exchanges. He is also Director and one of the founders of Open Orphan, was previously Executive Chairman and co-founder of 
Fastnet Oil & Gas plc and was one of the founding directors of Merrion Stockbrokers. Cathal has an MBA from the University of 
Ulster. 

Prof. Brendan Buckley, Non-Executive Director (aged 71) 
Professor Brendan Buckley is a medical graduate of University College Cork and a doctoral graduate in Biochemistry of Oxford 
University. Brendan has over 30 years’ experience in clinical research. He is one of the founders of Open Orphan as well as being 
Adjunct Professor at University College Dublin. He was the Chief Medical Officer of ICON plc until 2017. In 2009, Brendan co-
founded  Firecrest  Clinical  Ltd,  a  company  which  focussed  on  improving  the  performance  of  clinical  trial  sites.  Brendan  was  a 
Director of the Health Products Regulatory Authority of Ireland between 2004 and 2011. He was also a member of the EMA’s 
Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP) from 2000-2003 and the EMA’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Diabetes and 
Metabolism until 2011.  

Michael Meade, Non-Executive Director (aged 60) 
Michael Meade holds a degree in Law from Trinity College, Dublin. He qualified as a Chartered Accountant in Ireland with KMG 
Reynolds McCarren prior to working with Arthur Andersen in London. He has spent the last 30 years working in investment banking 
in London with respectively HSBC Investment Bank, UBS Investment Bank and Numis Securities where he spent the last thirteen 
years. During his career he has specialised in advising small and mid-cap quoted companies with a particular focus on those in the 
healthcare sector. His experience extends across all forms of capital raising, mergers and acquisitions, and general strategy. 

Leo Toole, Chief Financial Officer (aged 48) 
Leo Toole brings over 20 years’ experience in senior finance roles in Pharmaceuticals, Medical Technology and FMCG sectors. Through 
positions in multinational companies across Europe and in the venture capital space in the UK and Ireland, he has extensive experience 
in building finance teams, corporate development, equity and debt financing, public markets, and mergers and acquisitions. Leo is a 
Business graduate of Trinity College Dublin, Ireland and HEC Liège, Belgium. He also holds an MBA with Distinction from INSEAD in 
France and Singapore. 

Elaine Sullivan, Non-Executive Director (aged 60) 

Elaine is a business leader and senior scientist with international experience in the pharmaceutical industry and Biotech and is the 
CEO of Curadh Pharmaceuticals. Elaine has an in-depth background and knowledge of virology having received a PhD from the 
University of Edinburgh in Molecular Virology. She has been a member of the most senior R&D management teams in Lilly and 
AstraZeneca. Elaine  also  has extensive  start-up  experience  having  been  a  founder  of  Carrick  Therapeutics  and  helped  to  raise 
over €100m of  investor  funds  as  CEO  of  Carrick  in  recent  years.  Elaine  is  a  Non-Executive  Director  at  IP  Group  plc  and  Active 
Biotech AB and is a member of the Supervisory Board at Evotec which is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Strategic Report 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Review of the business  

A comprehensive review of the year is given in the Chairman’s Statement on page 2. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 
The Directors continually identify, monitor and manage the risks and uncertainties of the Group. Risk is inherent in all businesses. Set 
out below are certain risk factors which could have an impact on the Group’s long-term performance and mitigating factors adopted 
to alleviate these risks. This list does not purport to be an exhaustive summary of the risks affecting the Group. 

Management and employees  
The Group’s future success will be dependent on key employees and their on-going relationships with customers. It is believed that 
the Group is of a size that the departure of no one individual represents a significant risk to the Group. The Group also encourages 
customer  contacts  to  be  maintained  by  more  than  one  individual.  Key  employees  are  incentivised  through  a  mixture  of  sales 
commission and profit related bonuses. Main Board Directors are incentivised as detailed in the Directors’ Remuneration Report. 

Political risk 
The Group’s strategy of establishing itself across European countries could potentially have an effect if there is any political instability 
in those countries.  

Regulatory risk  
There can be no guarantee that any of the Group’s services will be able to obtain or maintain the necessary regulatory approvals in 
any or all of the territories in respect of which applications for such approvals are made. Where regulatory approvals are obtained, 
there can be no guarantee that the conditions attached to such approvals will not be considered too onerous by the Group or its 
partners in order to be able to market their products effectively. The Group seeks to reduce this risk by focusing on products with low 
risk profiles, by seeking advice from regulatory advisers, through consultations with regulatory approval bodies and by working with 
experienced distribution partners. 

Competition risk 
The Group’s current and future potential competitors include, amongst others, major multinational pharmaceutical and healthcare 
companies with substantially greater resources than those of the Group. There can be no assurance that competitors will not succeed 
in developing systems and products that are more effective or economic than any of those developed by the Group, with its partners, 
or which would render the partners’ products obsolete or otherwise non-competitive. The Group seeks to reduce this risk by ensuring 
that a professional and better standard service is provided to its partners for registering their products, maintaining confidentiality 
agreements  and  selecting  leading  businesses  in  their  respective  fields  as partners  capable  of  addressing  significant  competition, 
should it arise. 

Effect of foreign currency 
The Group in general does not hedge the foreign currency risk arising from sales by an operation denominated in a currency other 
than its functional currency. In most cases substantial deposits on such sales are received at the time of the order and the remaining 
balances are, to a large extent, matched by overseas costs. In respect of the translation of foreign currency assets, where these are 
significant, the Group endeavours to match the amount of foreign currency assets by funding overseas operations through financing 
denominated in the local currency. 

Covid-19 outbreak 

Events in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak are still evolving and the Group closely monitors the situation as it develops. Our primary 
focus remains the safety of our employees and the Group has implemented government policies in relation to the outbreak, including 
travel  restrictions  for  staff  which  impacted  the  delivery  of  studies,  as  well  as  conducting  business  development  and  marketing 
activities. These risks were mitigated using technology that allowed staff to work from home effectively. During course of 2020, the 
pandemic did result in the delay of some client contracts. Given the evolving nature of the pandemic, financial risk mitigation plans 
remain in place, including utilising government support measures in the countries as necessary. However, in light of the significant 
adoption rates of vaccinations in the countries where we operate, coupled with the progressive pathway to lift localized lock downs, 
we are now increasingly confident that our business will soon be operating in line with our pre-pandemic practices. We nevertheless 
are engaging with our staff and clients to assess how we alter our work and travel polices to best meet the needs of all stakeholders 
in a post pandemic world.    

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Strategic Report (Continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Financial risk management 
The  Group has  instigated certain financial  risk management policies and procedures which are set  out in note 3 to the financial 
statements. 

Future outlook 
The Chairman’s Statement on page 2 gives information on the future outlook of the Group. 

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 
The key performance indicators currently used by the Group are revenue, adjusted EBITDA (before exceptional items) and cash 
resources. (See page 4). The Company also uses non-financial key performance indicators such as measuring customer experience, 
new business win rates and staff utilisation.  

Review of strategy and business model 
The  Board  of  Directors  judge  the  Group’s  financial  performance  by  reference  to  the  internal  budget  which  it  establishes  at  the 
beginning of each financial year. 

As noted in the Chairman’s Statement, the enlarged offering of early clinical development services, clinical trial delivery expertise and 
virology related challenge studies, with a particular focus on rare and emerging diseases, is a strong platform to deliver substantial 
and sustainable returns to shareholders. Our 24-bed quarantine facilities in the UK are best in class for vaccine and virus-related 
development and put us at the forefront of emerging virus risk management stemming from the Covid-19 pandemic event which is 
ongoing at the time of writing. The Company is also focussed on expanding service revenues by actively selling laboratory services to 
third party pharma companies having previously used its virology laboratory principally to service its internal clinical activities. In 
addition, the Company continues to develop a ground-breaking breaking data service, Disease in Motion® incorporating wearable 
data capture from new challenge studies, our existing Genomic Health Data platform and hVIVOs’ large database of anonymised 
patient data. 

Environment 
The Directors consider that the nature of the Group’s activities is not inherently detrimental to the environment.  

Employees 
The Group places value on the involvement of its employees and they are regularly briefed on the Group’s activities. The Group 
closely monitors staff attrition rates which it seeks to maintain at current low levels and aims to structure staff compensation levels 
at competitive rates in order to attract and retain high calibre personnel. 

Disabled employees 
Applications for employment by disabled persons are always fully considered, bearing in mind the specific aptitudes of the applicant 
involved. It is the policy of the Group that the training, career development and promotion of disabled persons, as far as possible, be 
identical with that of other employees. 

Social, community, and human rights 
The Board recognises that the Group has a duty to be a good corporate citizen and to respect the laws, and where appropriate 
the customs and culture of the territories in which it operates. It contributes as far as is practicable to the local communities in 
which it operates and takes a responsible and positive approach to employment practices. 

The Strategic Report was approved by the Board on 17 June 2021 and signed on its behalf by: 

Cathal Friel 
Executive Chairman  

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Report of the Directors 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

The Directors have pleasure in submitting this report together with the audited financial statements of Open Orphan Plc for the year 
ended 31 December 2020.  

Directors 
The Directors who held office during the year and as at the date of signing the financial statements were as follows: 

Prof. Brendan Buckley  
Cathal Friel  
Michael Ryan (Resigned 17th January 2020) 
Christian Milla (Resigned 17th January 2020) 
Maurice Treacy (Resigned 17th January 2020) 
David Kelly (Resigned 17th January 2020) 
Trevor Philips (Appointed 17th January 2020 and resigned 4th May 2020) 
Michael Meade (Appointed 17th January 2020) 
Mark Warne (Appointed 17th January 2020 and resigned 31st December 2020) 
Leo Toole (Appointed 27th February 2020) 
Elaine Sullivan (Appointed 23rd November 2020) 

Principal activities 
The principal activity of the Group is that of a rapidly growing specialist CRO pharmaceutical services company which is the world 
leader in the testing of vaccines and antivirals using human challenge clinical trials. The Group has a presence in the UK, Ireland, 
France and Netherlands. 

Specific information, including key risks and future developments, have not been included in the Directors’ Report because they 
are shown in the Strategic Report and Chairman’s Statement as permitted by section 414C (11) of the Companies Act. 

Dividends 
There were no dividends paid or proposed by the Company in either year. 

Going concern 
The Directors have  considered the applicability of the going concern basis in the preparation of these  financial statements.  This 
included the review of internal budgets and financial results which show, taking into account reasonably probable changes in financial 
performance that the Group should be able to operate within the level of its current funding arrangements. For more detail refer to 
Note 2. 

After  making  enquiries,  the  Directors  have  a  reasonable  expectation  that  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to  continue  in 
operational existence for the foreseeable future. The Group therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis of preparation for 
its consolidated financial statements. 

Directors’ interests 
The interests of those Directors serving at 31 December 2020 and as at the date of signing of these financial statements, all of which 
are beneficial, in the share capital of the Company Open Orphan plc were as follows: 

Cathal Friel* 
Brendan Buckley 

On 31 December 2020 
Ordinary Shares of 
0.1p each 
45,965,011 
7,845,860 

On 1 January 2020 
Ordinary Shares of 
0.1p each 
41,046,981 
7,845,860 

*Held via Raglan Road Capital Ltd, Horizon Medical Technologies Ltd, and/or through a family member 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Report of the Directors (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Substantial shareholdings  

As at 31 May 2021, the following interests of 3% or more in the issued Ordinary Share capital had been notified to the Company: 

Shareholder 

Number of Shares 

Percentage of issued share 
capital 

HARGREAVES LANSDOWN /NOMINEES/ LIMITED 
DAVYCREST NOMINEES 
HARGREAVES LANSDOWN /NOMINEES/ LIMITED 
INTERACTIVE INVESTOR SERVICES NOMINEES LIMITED 
HARGREAVES LANSDOWN /NOMINEES/ LIMITED 
INTERACTIVE INVESTOR SERVICES NOMINEES LIMITED 
BARCLAYS DIRECT INVESTING NOMINEES LIMITED 
RAGLAN ROAD CAPITAL LIMITED 

Events after the end of the reporting period 
The following events have taken place since the year end: 

54,657,179 
48,593,571 
38,593,141 
27,130,173 
25,705,513 
24,486,101 
24,332,652 
21,536,124 

8.15% 
7.25% 
5.76% 
4.05% 
3.83% 
3.65% 
3.63% 
3.21% 

a)  Open Orphan plc (on a stand-alone basis) successfully received the appropriate Court approval on 19 May 2021 to complete a 
reduction in in capital. The reduction was intended to enable a Distribution in Specie, as part of the proposed spin-out of certain 
non-core Development IP Assets, but also to make other distributions to Shareholders and/or buy back its own Open Orphan 
Ordinary Shares in the future if and when the Directors may consider that it is appropriate to do so.  

b)  For  the  purposes  of  a  proposed  spin-out  of  certain  non-core  Development  IP  Assets,  a  new  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Orph 

Pharma IP Company Limited ("Orph Pharma"), was registered in April 2021.  

c)  On 14 June 2021, the Group announced its intention to make a distribution in specie of the entire issued share capital of its 
wholly-owned subsidiary Orph Pharma IP Company Limited to Poolbeg Pharma Limited ("Poolbeg"), in return for the issue of 
new shares by Poolbeg ("Poolbeg Shares") to shareholders of Open Orphan on the register at close of business on 17 June 2021. 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and 
regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have prepared 
the Group and Parent Company financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted 
by the European Union. Under Company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that 
they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company and Group 
for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether applicable IFRSs as adopted by the European Union have been followed, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will 
continue in business. 

• 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate  accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the  Company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and the Group and enable them 
to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets 
of  the  Company  and  the  Group  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other 
irregularities. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website (www.openorphan.com). Legislation in the 
United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Report of the Directors (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Directors’ liability insurance  
The Company has entered into deeds of indemnity for the benefit of each Director of the Company in respect of liabilities to which 
they  may  become  liable  in  their  capacity  as  Director  of  the  Company  and  of  any  Company  in  the  Group.  Those  indemnities  are 
qualifying third party indemnity provisions for the purposes of Section 234 of the Companies Act 2006 and have been in force during 
the whole of the financial year and up to the date of approval of the financial statements. 

Auditors 
Jeffreys  Henry  LLP  have  expressed  their  willingness  to  continue  in  office  as  auditors  and  a  resolution  to  reappoint  them  will  be 
proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. 

Disclosure of information to the Auditors 
The Directors who hold office at the date of approval of this report confirm that so far as they are each aware, there is no relevant 
audit information of which the group and Company’s auditors are unaware, and each Director has taken all the steps that he ought 
to have taken as a Director in order to make him aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors 
are aware of that information. 

Annual General Meeting 
The resolutions to be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting are set out in the formal notice of the meeting which has 
been posted to you together with this Annual Report and Accounts. 

Section 172 Companies Act 2006 

The Directors acknowledge their duty under s.172 of the Companies Act 2006 and consider that they have, both individually and 
together, acted in the way that, in good faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its 
members as a whole. In doing so, they have had regard (amongst other matters) to: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the likely consequences of any decision in the long term. The Group’s long-term investment strategy is shown in the 
Chairman’s Report on page 2 with associated risks highlighted in the Strategic report on Page 8.  
the  interests  of  the  Group’s  employees.  Our  employees  are  fundamental  to  us  achieving  our  long-term  strategic 
objectives. 
the  impact  of  the  Group’s  operations  on  the  community  and  the  environment.  The  Group  operates  honestly  and 
transparently. We consider the impact on the environment on our day-to-day operations and how we can minimise this.  
the desirability of the Group maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct. Our intention is to behave 
in a responsible manner, operating within the high standard of business conduct and good corporate governance, as 
highlighted in the Corporate Governance Statement on page 13. 
the need to act fairly as between members of the Group. Our intention is to behave responsibly towards our shareholders 
and treat them fairly and equally so that they may benefit from the successful delivery of our strategic objectives. 

Recommendation 
The Board considers that the resolutions to be proposed at the Annual General Meeting are in the best interests of the Company and 
it  is  unanimously  recommended  that  shareholders  support  these  proposals  as  the  Board  intends  to  do  in  respect  of  their  own 
holdings. 

The Directors’ report was approved by the Board on 17 June 2021 and signed on its behalf by. 

Cathal Friel 
Executive Chairman  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Corporate Governance Statement 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
Compliance 
The Directors recognise the value of the principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code (the Code). Although, as an AIM company, 
compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code is not required, the directors acknowledge that compliance with a recognised 
code is mandatory under the AIM rules. In this respect, the directors have targeted to be compliant with the Code to the greatest 
extent possible, given the size and nature of the Group. 

The  following  statement  describes  how  the  Group  seeks  to  address  the  principles  underlying  the  Code  where  practicable  and 
appropriate for a company of this size. 

Board composition and responsibility 
The Board currently comprises an executive Chairman, an executive Director and three non-executive Directors. The Board notes that 
the Combined Code guidance recommends that at least half the Board should comprise independent non-executive Directors. The 
Board has determined that Michael Meade and Elaine Sullivan are independent in character and judgement and that there are no 
relationships or circumstances which could materially affect or interfere with the exercise of their independent judgement. The Board 
is satisfied with the balance between executive and non-executive Directors which allows it to exercise objectivity in decision making 
and proper control of the Group’s business. The Board considers this composition is appropriate in view of the size and requirements 
of the Group’s business and the need to maintain a practical balance between executives and non-executives.  

All Directors are subject to election by shareholders at the first Annual General Meeting after their appointment and are subject to 
re-election at least every three years. Non-executive Directors are appointed for a specific term of office which provides for their 
removal in certain circumstances, including under section 168 of the Companies Act 2006. The Board does not automatically re-
nominate non-executive Directors for election by shareholders. The terms of appointment of the non-executive Directors can be 
obtained by request to the Company Secretary. 

The  Board’s  primary  objective  is  to  focus  on  adding  value  to  the  assets  of  the  Group  by  identifying  and  assessing  business 
opportunities and ensuring that potential risks are identified, monitored and controlled. Matters reserved for Board decisions include 
strategic  long-term  objectives  and  capital  structure  of  major  transactions.  The  Executive  Chairman  is  responsible  for  the  overall 
strategy of the Group and oversees its implementation through the Senior Management Team (COO, CFO, Head of HR and other 
Senior Leaders), which is accountable for the operational performance of the Group. 

Board meetings  

26 Board and Committee meetings were held during the year. The Directors’ attendance record (in their respective roles) during 2020 
is as follows: 
Cathal Friel (Executive Chairman) 
Prof. Brendan Buckley (Non-Executive Director) 
Maurice Treacy (Executive Director Resigned 17th January 2020)  
Christian Milla (Chief Operating Officer Resigned 17th January 2020)  
Michael Ryan (Non-Executive Director Resigned 17th January 2020) 
David Kelly (Non-Executive Director Resigned 17th January 2020)  
Michael Meade (Non-Executive Director Appointed 17th January 2020) 
Mark Warne (Non-Executive Director Appointed 17th January 2020 and  
Resigned 31st December 2020) 
Leo Toole (Chief Financial Officer Appointed 27th February 2020)  
Elaine Sullivan (Non-Executive Director Appointed 23rd November 2020) 

25 
21 
0 (of a possible 3 up to 17th January 2020) 
0 (of a possible 3 up to 17th January 2020) 
0 (of a possible 3 up to 17th January 2020) 
0 (of a possible 3 up to 17th January 2020) 
14(of a possible 23 since 17th January2020) 

17 (of a possible 23 since 17th January2020) 
19 (of a possible 19 since 27th February 2020))  
0 (of a possible 1 since 23rd November 2020) 

Audit and Risk Committee 
This comprises Michael Meade as Chairman and Elaine Sullivan and Brendan Buckley as the other members of the committee. The 
principal duties of the committee are to review the half-yearly and annual financial statements before their submission to the Board 
and to consider any matters raised by the auditors. The Committee also reviews the independence and objectivity of the auditors. 
The terms of reference of the Committee reflect current best practice, including authority to: 

•  Recommend the appointment, re-appointment and removal of the external auditors; 
• 
• 

Ensure the objectivity and independence of the auditors including occasions when non-audit services are provided; and 
Ensure appropriate ‘whistle-blowing’ arrangements are in place. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

The Chairman may seek information from any employee of the Group and obtain external professional advice at the expense of the 
Company if considered necessary. Due to the relatively low number of personnel employed within the Group, the nature of the 
business  and  the  current  control  and  review  systems  in  place,  the  Board  has  decided  not  to  establish  a  separate  internal  audit 
department. 

Remuneration Committee 
The Company has established a formal and transparent procedure for developing policy on executive remuneration and for fixing the 
remuneration packages of individual Directors. No Director is involved in deciding his own remuneration. 

This  committee  comprises  Brendan  Buckley  as  Chairman  with  Michael  Meade  and  Elaine  Sullivan  as  the  other  members  of  the 
committee. The committee considers the employment and performance of individual executive Directors and determine their terms 
of  service  and  remuneration.  It  also  has  authority  to  grant  options  under  the  Company’s  Executive  Share  Option  Scheme.  The 
Committee intends to meet at least twice a year.  

Board appointments 
The Nomination Committee comprises Michael Meade as chairman with Elaine Sullivan as the other member of the committee. It 
identifies and nominates for the approval of the Board, candidates to fill Board vacancies as and when they arise. The Nomination 
Committee intends to meet at least twice a year. 

Internal control 
The Directors are responsible for ensuring that the Group maintains a system of internal control to provide them with reasonable 
assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  information  used  within  the  business  and  for  publication  and  that  the  assets  are 
safeguarded. There are inherent limitations in any system of internal control and accordingly even the most effective system can 
provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance with respect to the preparation of financial reporting and the safeguarding of 
assets.  

The  Group,  in  administering  its  business  has  put  in  place  strict  authorisation,  approval  and  control  levels  within  which  senior 
management  operates.  These  controls  reflect  the  Group’s  organisational  structure  and  business  objectives.  The  control  system 
includes  clear  lines  of  accountability  and  covers  all  areas  of  the  organisation.  The  Board  operates  procedures  which  include  an 
appropriate control environment through the definition of the above organisation structure and authority levels and the identification 
of the major business risks. 

Internal financial reporting 
The Directors are responsible for establishing and maintaining the Group’s system of internal reporting and as such have put in place 
a framework of controls to ensure that the on-going financial performance is measured in a timely and correct manner and that risks 
are identified as early as is practicably possible. There is a comprehensive budgeting system and monthly management accounts are 
prepared which compare actual results against both the budget and the previous year. They are reviewed and approved by the Board, 
and revised forecasts are prepared on a regular basis. 

Relations with shareholders 
The Company reports to shareholders twice a year. The Company dispatches the notice of its Annual General Meeting, together with 
a description of the items of special business, at least 21 days before the meeting. Each substantially separate issue is the subject of a 
separate resolution and all shareholders have the opportunity to put questions to the Board at the Annual General Meeting. The 
Chairman of the Audit and Remuneration Committees normally attend the Annual General Meeting and will answer questions which 
may be relevant to their work. The Chairman advises the meeting of the details of proxy votes cast on each of the individual resolutions 
after they have been voted on in the meeting. 

The Chairman and the non-executive Directors intend to maintain a good and continuing understanding of the objectives and views 
of the shareholders. 

Corporate social responsibility 
The Board recognises that it has a duty to be a good corporate citizen and is conscious that its business processes minimise harm to 
the environment, contributes as far as is practicable to the local communities in which it operates and takes a responsible and positive 
approach to employment practices. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Report of the Remuneration Committee  
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
Statement of compliance 
This report sets out the Group policy on Directors’ remuneration, including emoluments, benefits and other share-based awards 
made to each Director. 

Policy on Executive Directors’ remuneration 
Remuneration  packages  are  designed  to  motivate  and  retain  executive  Directors  to  ensure  the  continued  development  of  the 
Company and to reward them for enhancing value to shareholders. The main elements of the remuneration package for executive 
Directors are basic salary or fees, performance related bonuses, benefits and share option incentives. 

Directors’ remuneration 
The remuneration of the Directors serving for the year ended 31 December 2020 is shown below and in note 9: 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

17 
2 
45 
57 
26 
3 
150 

178 
90 
163 
8 
7 
446 
596 

12 
10 
40 
- 
- 
- 
62 

99 
- 
- 
103 
75 
277 
339 

Non-Executive Directors 
Michael Ryan (Resigned 17th January 2020) 
David Kelly (Resigned 17th January 2020) 
Brendan Buckley 
Michael Meade (Appointed 17th January 2020) 
Mark Warne (Appointed 17th January and Resigned 31 December 2020) 
Elaine Sullivan (Appointed 23rd November) 

Executive Directors 
Cathal Friel 
Trevor Philips (3) (Appointed 17th January and Resigned 4th May 2020) 
Leo Toole (4) (Appointed 27th February 2020) 
Christian Milla (1) (Resigned 17th January 2020) 
Maurice Treacy (2) (Resigned 17th January 2020) 

Total fees and emoluments 

(1)  Includes a £1,000 employer pension contribution in 2020 (2019: £13,000) 
(2)   £22,000 of remuneration paid via invoice in 2019. 
(3)  Includes a £4,000 employer pension contribution in 2020 (2019: nil) 
(4)  Includes a £15,000 employer pension contribution in 2020 (2019: nil) 

Directors’ share options and warrants 

As at 31 December 2020 no options had been granted to directors. 

657,285 warrants are legally held by Cathal Friel CMF Pension Fund. These warrants were granted on 11/12/2018 and expire on 
10/12/2023 and have an exercise price of 0.1/2.2 p. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Open Orphan Plc             
Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Open Orphan Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for the year 
ended 31 December 2020 which comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated and company 
statements  of  financial  position,  the  consolidated  and  company  statements  of  cash  flows,  the  consolidated  and  company 
statements of changes in equity and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  applicable  law  and 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRSs)  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union  and,  as  regards  the  parent  company 
financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

In our opinion: 

• 

• 
• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 
December 2020 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; 
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; 
the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; 

Basis for opinion

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (ISAs  (UK))  and  applicable  law.  Our 
responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial 
statements  section  of  our  report.  We  are  independent  of  the  company  in  accordance  with  the  ethical  requirements  that  are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and 
we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we 
have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions related to going concern 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the director's use of the going concern basis of accounting in the 
preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  appropriate.  Our  evaluation  of  the  directors’  assessment  of  the  entity’s  ability  to 
continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included a detailed review of cashflow forecasts.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, 
individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least 
twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections 
of this report. 

An overview of the scope of our audit

As  part  of  designing  our  audit,  we  determined  materiality  and  assessed  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements.  In  particular,  we  looked  at  where  the  directors  made  subjective  judgments,  for  example  in  respect  of  significant 
accounting estimates that involved making assumptions and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. As in all of 
our  audits  we  also  addressed  the  risk  of  management  override  of  internal  controls,  including  evaluating  whether  there  was 
evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.

How we tailored the audit scope

We  tailored  the  scope  of  our  audit  to  ensure  that  we  performed  enough  work  to  be  able  to  give  an  opinion  on  the  financial 
statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the Group and the Company, the accounting processes and controls, 
and the industry in which they operate.
The Group financial statements are a consolidation of 15 reporting units, comprising the Group’s operating businesses and holding 
companies.

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

We performed audits of the complete financial information of Open Orphan Plc, Venn Life Sciences Limited, Venn Life Sciences 
(NI) Limited, Venn Life Sciences (UK) Limited, Venn Life Sciences (Ireland) Limited, hVIVO Limited, hVIVO Services Limited and 
hVIVO Inc. We also performed specified audit procedures over goodwill and other intangible assets, as well as certain account 
balances and transaction classes that we regarded as material to the Group at the 15 reporting units.

The Group engagement team performed all audit procedures, with the exception of the audit of Venn Life Sciences (France) SAS, 
Venn Life Sciences (Germany) GmbH, Venn Life Sciences (Netherlands) B.V., Venn Life Sciences (EDS) B.V. (Netherlands) and Open 
Orphan DAC.  These components were audited by component auditors and we reviewed and controlled the audit work undertaken 
in those components.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial 
statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to 
fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the 
audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial 
statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. This is 
not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Carrying value of intangibles 
Revenue recognition 
Carrying value of investments in joint ventures 
Carrying value of inventory 
Going concern assumption 
Carrying value of Investments in subsidiary undertakings and inter-company debtors (Company only risk) 

These are explained in more detail below.

Key audit matter
Carrying value of intangibles

How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Our audit procedures:

All intangibles are being held at cost less impairment.

The  Group  had  intangible  assets  of  £6,127,000  (2019: 
£2,875,000)  at  31  December  2020.  Of  this,  £5,600,000 
relates  to  capitalised  goodwill  recognised  on  acquisitions 
and £527,000 relates to capitalised trade secrets, software, 
licenses and preferred right to reserve a slot. 

There have been no impairments in the year. 

Revenue recognition

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

we  have  tested  items  which  were  not  capitalised  as 
additions to intellectual property and checked that the 
conditions for capitalisation had not been met;  
Intangibles  are  only  assessed  for  impairment  when 
indicators of impairment exist; 
where an impairment test was necessary, we audited 
management’s assumptions and sensitivities; 
we  considered  whether  management  had  exercised 
any bias in assumptions used or the outputs produced 
in the forecasts prepared; 
we  performed  an  analytical  review  to  compare  the 
profitability of components and discussed the findings 
with management; and 

The analysis work undertaken by the directors shows that 
the Group is expected to become cash generative. We have 
understood  and  assessed  the  methodology  used  by 
directors 
it  to  be 
in  this  analysis  and  determined 
reasonable.
Our audit approach:

The amount of revenue recognised by the Group was 
£20,602,000 (2019: £3,372,000). The Group recognises 
revenue from clinical trial services provided to customers, 
incrementally as work is performed, using service 
milestones noted in the contracts and percentage of 
completion of contract when recognising revenue over 
time.

• 

• 

assessed the appropriateness of the Group’s revenue 
recognition accounting policies; 
reviewed  a  sample  of  contracts  with  customers  and 
tested that the Group has correctly accounted for the 
revenue  arising  from  these  contracts  in  accordance 
with 
reviewed 
management’s  judgement  on  the  contract  price  and 
the allocation to performance obligations; 

the  accounting  policies  and 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

The percentage of completion is determined using level of 
work  completed  to  date  in  respect  of  each  individual 
milestones  assigned  to  the  clinical  services  contract.  The 
milestones  are  measured  using  metrics  assigned  to  the 
individual  contracts.  These  metrics  determines  how  the 
progress of each milestone can be measured. This requires 
management to estimate both the allocation of revenue to 
milestones in the contract at contract inception date, and 
the  percentage  of  completion  of  each  milestone  at  each 
reporting date.

Contract  assets  and  liabilities  have  been  reviewed  by  the 
board  in  detail  including  each  contract  with  all  major 
customers and revenue has been recognised in accordance 
with IFRS15.

We identified a risk of inaccurate or incomplete 
recognition of revenue due to the incorrect allocation of 
milestones to service contracts and percentages of 
completion in calculating revenue
assumptions and judgements made in estimating the 
percentage of completion require a significant degree of 
management judgement and are susceptible to 
management override and represent a fraud risk.

and cost of sales. The 

We therefore determined this to be a key audit matter.

Carrying value of investments in joint ventures

The Group holds material investment in a joint venture, 
with a carrying value of £7,076,000 (2019: £Nil) as at the 
year-end. 

Given that the investment is in the early stage research 
and development phase, there is a risk of incorrect 
valuation of equity accounted balances held by one of 
Open Orphan’s subsidiary’s, hVIVO Limited. The risk of 
failure in elevated due to emergence of competition with 
similar products, which increases the risk of inaccurate 
valuation of investments.

Furthermore, should impairment indicators be identified, 
there is a level of judgement exercised by management in 
estimating fair value of investments in joint ventures, 
which may result in inaccurate valuation of balances.

Carrying value of inventory

hVIVO Services Limited, subsidiary undertaking, produces 
and purchases viruses which require special 
considerations for estimation of the future value in use, 
expected life of the asset and impairment in light of 
evolution of virus strains around the world. As at the year 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

performed detailed testing on individually significant 
contracts, 
including  substantiating  a  sample  of 
transactions  with  underlying  documents  such  as 
contracts,  progress  metrics  data,  internal  forecasts 
and project completion reports, as well as discussions 
with project managers; 
we  checked  a  sample  of  time  sheets  and  supporting 
information which were used to calculate the postings 
to the revenue account; 
we reviewed the calculation of revenue to be accrued 
and tested a sample of items for the hours and rates 
applied  from  the  time  sheet  system  and  agreed 
contract  rates  to  the  amount  posted  in  the  nominal 
ledger; 
where  appropriate  we  considered  the  remaining 
amount of accrued revenue which still required to be 
invoiced  including  calculations  of  that  revenue  and 
considered the recoverability of a sample of balances; 
we performed a walk-through of the process followed 
and related controls with regard to the recognition of 
revenue; and 
evaluated  whether  revenue  has  been  appropriately 
presented and disclosed in the financial statements. 

Based on the audit work performed, we are satisfied that 
management have appropriately accounted for revenue in 
line with their accounting
policy and in accordance with the 
requirements  of  IFRS  15.  We  are  also  satisfied  that  all 
necessary disclosures have been made in the consolidated 
financial statements.
We have performed the following audit procedures:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

obtained and reviewed management’s assessment of 
impairment of the associate and factors; 
ensured  key  judgements  are  robust  by  review  of 
events surrounding the judgement and validating the 
judgements by agreeing to supporting evidence; 
where  indicators  of  impairment  were  identified,  we 
challenged  management’s  assessment  of  the  any 
recoverable amount from the investment in associate 
and joint venture; 
where  no  indicators  of  impairment  were  highlighted 
by management, we challenged the judgements made 
in  management’s 
identifying 
contradictory  signs  of  any  potential  indicators  of 
impairment; and 
considered  the  appropriateness  of  the  Group’s 
disclosures  in  relation  to  any  impairment  in  the 
financial statements. 

assessment  by 

Based on the audit work performed, we are satisfied that 
management have appropriately valued investments in line 
with  their  accounting  policy  and  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements of IAS 27, IAS 36. We are also satisfied that 
in  the 
all  necessary  disclosures  have  been  made 
consolidated financial statements.
We have performed the following audit procedures:

• 

• 

obtained management’s forecasts for future value in 
use of the virus inventory; 
assessed  the  reliability  of  forecasts  by  agreeing  to 
historical use and ensuring future contracted use; 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

end the carrying value of inventory is £953,000 (2019 
£Nil). 

Management is required to use their judgement to assess 
the future value in use of strains held in inventory at the 
balance sheet date and evaluate if the shelf life of the 
virus inventory will be sufficient for it to be useful for 
future human challenge studies. In doing so, management 
review their high probability pipeline of potential 
contracts and estimate the usage of virus over its useful 
life.

There are inherent risks associated with the forecasted 
usage which may be affected where contracted studies 
are cancelled, and future studies are signed at a date later 
than the shelf life of the existing inventory. There is also a 
risk that the virus strains may evolve beyond the current 
research and development undertaken, thus decreasing 
the monetary value of the inventory held.

• 

• 

• 

reviewed  management  and  challenged  management 
on  their  judgements  of  the  forecasted  usage  and 
estimated useful life of the virus inventory; 
tested the clerical accuracy of management’s forecast; 
and 
considered  the  appropriateness  of  the  Group’s 
disclosures  in  relation  to  inventory  in  the  financial 
statements. 

 Based on the audit work performed we are  satisfied that 
although there are uncertainties associated with the useful 
life  of  the  virus  stock,  the  Group’s  revenue  pipeline  will 
utilise 
reasonable 
timeframe.  We  are  also  satisfied  that  all  necessary 
disclosures  have  been  made  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements.

inventory  within  a 

the  current 

Going concern assumption

Our audit procedures: 

The  Group  is  dependent  upon  its  ability  to  generate 
sufficient cash flows to meet continued operational costs 
and hence continue trading. Due to the slim profit margins, 
foreign exchange risk continues to be a key risk which can 
affect  results.  The  management  of  employee  and 
contractor costs is also key to profitability of the Group.

The key assumptions that impact the conclusions are the 
levels of future revenue, and the ability to control the 
operating costs.

There  are,  therefore,  inherent  risks  that  the  forecasts  may 
overstate future revenue due to the timing of closure of future 
contracts, or understate future costs, and that the Group will 
not be able to operate within its cash resources and continue 
to operate as a going concern.

The  going  concern  assumptions  are  dependent  on  the 
future growth of the current business.

• 

• 

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

obtained  management’s  forecasts  and  cash  flow 
analysis, and their going concern assessment; 
assessed the reliability of forecasts to date by agreeing 
historical  actuals  to  budgets,  and  challenging  the 
current forecasts; 
tested the clerical accuracy of management’s forecast; 
reviewed 
including 
the  directors’  assessment, 
challenging the liquidity position; 
agreeing the assumed cash flows to the business plan 
and  walking  through  the  business  planning  process 
and testing the central assumptions and external data; 
forecast  assumptions, 
challenged  management’s 
including 
revenue  and 
forecast 
the 
corroborated the assumptions over the conversion of 
new contracts and the levels of costs that are forecast 
correspondence  with 
through  observation  of 
potential  customers  to  assess  the 
likelihood  of 
contracts being awarded; 
assessing 
the 
assumptions; 
comparing future cashflows with historical data; and 
considered  the  appropriateness  of  the  Group’s 
disclosures in relation to going concern in the financial 
statements. 

the  underlying 

sensitivities  of 

reviewing 

Based on the audit work performed we are  satisfied that 
although there are inherent uncertainties associated with 
the forecast, the Group’s revenue pipeline, contracts won 
post  year  end  and  current  cash  position  will  provide 
required support to the business. We are also satisfied that 
all  necessary  disclosures  have  been  made 
in  the 
consolidated financial statements 

Carrying value of investment in subsidiaries and carrying 
value of inter-company debtors (Company only risk)

We have performed the following audit procedures:

• 

reviewed  management’s  assessment  of 
operating cashflows and indicators of impairment; 

future 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

The Company had investments of £22,334,000 (2019: 
£8,195,000) at 31 December 2020 relating exclusively to 
the investments in subsidiary undertakings.

We identified a risk that the investment of the parent 
company (Open Orphan plc) in its subsidiaries and 
amounts receivable, may be impaired.

Management’s assessment of the recoverable amount of 
investments in subsidiaries requires estimation and 
judgement around assumptions used, including the cash 
flows to be generated from continuing operations. 
Changes to assumptions could lead to material changes in 
the estimated recoverable amount, impacting the value of 
investment in the subsidiary and impairment charges.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

including  the  milestones  achieved 

assessed  the  methodology  used  by  management  to 
estimate the future profitability of its subsidiaries and 
recoverable value of the investments, in conjunction 
with  any  intra-group  balances,  to  ensure  that  the 
method used is appropriate; 
assessed the reasonableness of the key assumptions 
used in management’s estimates of recoverable value, 
in  line  with  the  economic  and  industry  statistics 
relevant to the business; 
challenged  cash  inflows  from  revenue  generating 
activities and the key assumptions applied in arriving 
at  these, 
in 
research  programmes;  the  number  and  monetary 
value of clinical studies in the foreseeable future, and 
the  market  share  of  studies  in  key  areas  of  disease 
focus; 
assessed the reasonability of cash outflows, including 
contracted  delivery  costs,  and  research  and  capital 
spend; 
assessed  the  appropriateness  and  applicability  of 
discount  rate  applied  to  the  current  business 
performance; 
confirmed 
assumptions  would  not  materially 
impairment loss; 
considered  the  appropriateness  of  the  Parent 
Company’s disclosures in relation to any impairment 
in the Company only financial statements; and 
ensured  that  disclosures  of  the  key  judgements  and 
assumptions,  and  sensitivity  of  the  impairment  loss 
recognised was appropriately disclosed. 

in  key 
increase  the 

that  any  adverse  change 

Based on the audit work performed we are  satisfied that 
the management have accounted for the impairment loss 
in  accordance  with  accounting 
appropriately  and 
standards,  and  the 
is  appropriately 
impairment 
disclosed in the Parent Company financial statements.

loss 

Our application of materiality
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for materiality. 
These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent 
of  our  audit  procedures  on  the  individual  financial  statement  line  items  and  disclosures  and  in  evaluating  the  effect  of 
misstatements, both individually and in aggregate on the financial statements as a whole.

Based on our professional judgment, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows:

Overall materiality
How we determined it
Rationale for
benchmark applied

Group financial statements
£220,000
Based on 1% of revenue.
We  believe  that  revenues  are  a 
by 
primary  measure 
the 
shareholders 
is 
Group’s  performance.  This 
considered  a  standard 
industry 
benchmark.

used 
in  assessing 

Company financial statements
£95,000
Based on 5% of net loss
We  believe  that  losses  are  the 
primary  measure  used  by  the 
shareholders 
the 
performance of the Company. This 
is  considered  a  standard  industry 
benchmark.

in  assessing 

For each component in the scope of our Group audit, we allocated a materiality that is less than our overall Group materiality. 
The range of materiality allocated across components was between £10,000 and £145,000. 
We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them misstatements identified during our audit above £5,000 as 
well as misstatements below those amounts that, in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative reasons.

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Other information

The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report  other  than  the  financial  statements  and  our 
auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion 
on the financial statements does not cover the other  information and, except to the extent otherwise  explicitly stated in our 
report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge 
obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies 
or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  this  gives  rise  to  a  material  misstatement  in  the 
financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of 
this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

• 

• 

the  information  given  in  the  strategic  report  and  the  directors’  report  for  the  financial  year  for  which  the  financial 
statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and parent company and its environment obtained in the course of 
the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report 
to you if, in our opinion:

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited by us; or
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
• 
• 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement  set  out  on  page  11,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as 
the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error.

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  group’s  and  parent  company’s  ability  to 
continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going  concern  and  using  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no 
realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain reasonable  assurance  about whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is 
a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material 
misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial 
statements. 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our 
responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which 
our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below.

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

The extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities including fraud 

Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-
compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows:

• 

the senior statutory auditor ensured the engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence, capabilities and 
skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

•  we identified the laws and regulations applicable to the group through discussions with directors and other management.
•  we  focused  on  specific  laws  and  regulations  which  we  considered  may  have  a  direct  material  effect  on  the  financial 
statements or the operations of the company, including taxation legislation, data protection, anti-bribery, employment, 
environmental, health and safety legislation and anti-money laundering regulations. 

•  we  assessed  the  extent  of  compliance  with  the  laws  and  regulations  identified  above  through  making  enquiries  of 

• 

management and inspecting legal correspondence.
identified  laws  and  regulations  were  communicated  within  the  audit  team  regularly  and  the  team  remained  alert  to 
instances of non-compliance throughout the audit; and

•  we  assessed  the  susceptibility  of  the  group’s  financial  statements  to  material  misstatement,  including  obtaining  an 

understanding of how fraud might occur, by:

o  making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their knowledge 

of actual, suspected and alleged fraud; and 
considering  the  internal  controls  in  place  to  mitigate  risks  of  fraud  and  non-compliance  with  laws  and 
regulations. 

o 

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we:

•  performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships;
• 
• 

tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions;
assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates set out in note 4 of the 
Group financial statements were indicative of potential bias;
investigated the rationale behind significant or unusual transactions; and
in response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures which 
included, but were not limited to:

• 
• 

reading the minutes of meetings of those charged with governance; 

o  agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation; 
o 
o  enquiring of management as to actual and potential litigation and claims; and 
o 

reviewing correspondence with HMRC and the group’s legal advisors. 

There are inherent limitations in our audit procedures described above. The more removed that laws and regulations 
are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of noncompliance. Auditing standards 
also  limit  the  audit  procedures  required  to  identify  non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations  to  enquiry  of  the 
directors and other management and the inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any.

Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they may 
involve deliberate concealment or collusion.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s 
website at:

www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Other matters which we are required to address

We were appointed by the shareholders of the Company on 2 October 2019 to audit the financial statements for the period ending 
31 December 2019. This is the second year we are auditing the Group, however we had been engaged for the audits of the Venn 
Life Sciences Holdings PLC (the target of the reverse in the previous year) for 8 years, where our total uninterrupted period of 
engagement was 8 years, covering the periods ending 31 December 2011 to 31 December 2018.

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

The non-audit services prohibited by the FRC’s Ethical Standard were not provided to the group or the parent company and we 
remain independent of the group and the parent company in conducting our audit. Further services were provided to the Group 
as disclosed in Note 8 of the accounts. 

Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the audit committee.

Use of this report
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to 
state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for 
the opinions we have formed.

Sudhir Rawal (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of 
Jeffreys Henry LLP (Statutory Auditor)
Finsgate
5-7 Cranwood Street, 
London EC1V 9EE

17 June 2021

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income  
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Continuing operations 
Revenue, from contracts with customers 
Direct Project and Administrative Costs 
Other operating income 
Operating (loss) 
  Depreciation 
  Amortisation 
  Exceptional items 
   EBITDA before exceptional items 
Finance Expense 
Share Based Payment charge 
Loss on sale/impairment of Investments 
Share of loss of associate using equity method 
(Loss) before income tax 
Income tax credit 
(Loss) for the year  
(Loss) for the year is attributable to: 
Owners of the parent 
Other comprehensive income 
Currency translation differences 
Total comprehensive (loss) for the year 

Notes 

5,35 
6 
33 

6,16,37 
6,17 
7 
5/6 
12 
32 
18c/d 
18b 

13 

Year to  
31 December 
2020 
£’000 

Year to 
31 December 
2019 
£’000 

20,602 
(32,437) 
1,393 
(10,442) 
(1,883) 
(169) 
(2,125) 
(6,265) 
(374) 
(240) 
- 
(107) 
(11,163) 
372 
(10,791) 

(10,791) 

318 
(10,473) 

3,372 
(8,673) 
171 
(5,130) 
(296) 
(331) 
(711) 
(3,792) 
(350) 
(102) 
(224) 
- 
(5,806) 
67 
(5,739) 

(5,739) 

1,124 
(4,615) 

Earnings per share from continuing operations  
attributable to owners of the parent during the year 
Basic and diluted (loss) per ordinary share 
From continuing operations 
For the year 

All activities relate to continuing operations. 

Note 

14 

2020 

(1.80p) 
(1.80p) 

2019 

(3.48p) 
(3.48p) 

The notes on pages 28 to 63 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Consolidated and Company’s Statement of Financial Position 
As at 31 December 2020 

Assets 
Non-current assets  
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment  
Investment in associates 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Right of Use Asset 
Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Current Tax recoverable 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 
Total assets 
Equity attributable to owners  
Share capital 
Share premium account 
Merger reserves 
Foreign currency reserves 
Share option reserve 
Retained earnings 
Total equity 
Liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Leasehold Provision 
Total non-current liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Deferred taxation 
Lease liabilities 
Borrowings 

Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities 
Total equity and liabilities 

 Notes 

17 
16 
18b 
18a 
     37     

20 
21 

22 

26 
27 
27 
27 
27/32 
27 

23 
     37         

23 
24 
     37     
25 

Group  

2020 
£’000 

6,127 
1,068 
7,076 
- 
4,230 
18,501 

953 
9,806 
80 
19,205 
30,044 
48,545 

731 
44,480 
(6,856) 
1,442 
493 
(17,993) 
22,297 

2 
2,194 
20 
2,216 

21,396 
32 
2,245 
359 

24,032 

26,248 
48,545 

Group 

Company  

Company 

2019 
£’000 

2,875 
190 
- 
- 
1,311 
4,376 

- 
3,615 
12 
1,037 
4,664 
9,040 

317 
15,214 
(6,856) 
1,124 
253 
(7,202) 
2,850 

42 
983 
- 
1,025 

2,977 
41 
444 
1,703 

5,165 

6,190 
9,040 

2020 
£’000 

- 
- 
- 
22,334 
- 
22,334 

- 
10,960 
- 
8,689 
19,649 
41,983 

731 
44,480 
(2,241) 
2,573 
493 
(4,983) 
41,053 

- 
- 
- 
- 

885 
- 
- 
45 

930 

930 
41,983 

2019 
£’000 

- 
- 
- 
8,195 
- 
8,195 

- 
5,529 
- 
421 
5,950 
14,145 

317 
15,214 
(2,241) 
1,085 
253 
(3,092) 
11,536 

- 
- 
- 
- 

1,359 
- 
- 
1,250 

2,609 

2,609 
14,145 

  The notes on pages 28 to 63 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board on 17 June 2021 

The Company has elected to take the exemption under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present the parent 
Company income statement account. The loss for the parent Company for the year was €1,891k (2019 – loss of £1,629k). 

Open Orphan Plc 

Cathal Friel - Executive Chairman 

Registered no: 07514939 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Consolidated and Company’s Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity 

Share 
capital 
£’000 
- 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
- 

Merger 
reserve 
£’000 
- 

Share Option 
reserve 
£’000 
- 

Foreign 
currency 
reserve 
£’000 
- 

Retained  
earnings 
£’000 
(1,463) 

Total 
£’000 
      (1,463) 

Group 

At 1 January 2019 
Changes in equity for the 
 Year ended 31 Dec 2019 
(Loss) for the year 
Currency differences 
Total comprehensive (loss)  
For the year  
Transactions with the  
owners 
Transfer re Open Orphan PLC 
Share Based Payment Res. 
Shares issued 
Total contributions by and 
distributions to owners 
At 31 December 2019 
Changes in equity for the 
 Year ended 31 Dec 2020 
(Loss) for the year 
Currency differences 
Total comprehensive (loss)  
for the year 
Transactions with the  
owners 
Share Based Payment Res. 
Shares issued 
Total contributions by and 
distributions to owners 
At 31 December 2020 

Company 

At 1 January 2019 
Changes in equity for the year  
ended 31 December 2019 
Total loss for year 
Share Based Payment Res. 
Currency differences 
Transfer re Open Orphan PLC 
Shares issued 
Total contributions by and 
distributions to owners 
At 31 December 2019 
Changes in equity for the year  
ended 31 December 2020 
Total comprehensive loss for year 
Share Based Payment Res. 
Currency differences 
Shares issued 
Total contributions by and 
distributions to owners 
At 31 December 2020 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

316 
- 
1 

317 
317 

15,200 
- 
14 

15,214 
15,214 

(6,856) 
- 
- 

(6,856) 
(6,856) 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
414 

- 
29,266 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

414 
731 

29,266 
44,480 

- 
(6,856) 

- 
- 

- 

151 
102 
- 

253 
253 

- 
- 

- 

240 
- 

240 
493 

Share 
capital 
£’000 
- 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
- 

Share option 
reserve 
£’000 
- 

- 
- 
- 
316 
1 

317 
317 

- 
- 
- 
414 
414 

- 
- 
- 
15,200 
14 

15,214 
15,214 

- 
- 
- 
29,266 
29,266 

- 
102 
- 
151 
- 

253 
253 

- 
240 
- 
- 
240 

- 
1,124 

(5,739) 
- 

(5,739) 
1,124 

1,124 

(5,739) 

(4,615) 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
1,124 

- 
(7,202) 

8,811 
102 
         15 

8,928 
2,850 

(10,791) 
- 

(10,791) 
318 

(10,791) 

(10,473) 

318 

318 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
1,442 

- 
(17,993) 

Merger 
reserve 
£’000 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(2,241) 
- 

(2,241) 
(2,241) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Foreign 
currency 
reserve 
£’000 
- 

- 
- 
1,085 
- 
- 

1,085 
1,085 

- 
- 
1,488 
- 
1,488 

Retained  
earnings 
£’000 
(1,463) 

(1,629) 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(1,629) 
(3,092) 

(1,891) 
- 
- 
- 
(1,891) 

240 
29,680 

29,920 
22,297 

Total 
£’000 
(1,463) 

(1,629) 
102 
1,085 
13,426 
15 

12,999 
11,536 

(1,891) 
240 
1,488 
29,680 
29,517 

731 

44,480 

493 

(2,241) 

2,573 

(4,983) 

41,053 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Consolidated and Company’s Statement of Cash Flows 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Notes 

28 

Cash Flow from operating activities 
Continuing operations 
Cash used in operations 
Income tax (R & D) Received 
Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flow from investing activities 
Cash acquired with acquisition of subsidiary  
Sale of Shares in Integumen PLC 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Purchase of intangible asset 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flow from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares & options 
Costs of January and May fund raising 
Exceptional Costs re RTO & restructuring 
Repayment of Invoice Discounting 
Interest (Paid) 
Loan Note Redemptions 
Premium on conversion of Convertible Debentures 
to shares 
Net cash generated by financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
FX translation 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

26 

7 

22 

Group 
2020 
£’000 

Group 
2019 
£’000 

Company 
2020 
£’000 

Company 
2019 
£’000 

2,540 
1,631 
4,171 

2,276 
- 
(818) 
(274) 
1,184 

18,031 
(1,335) 
(2,108) 
(156) 
(188) 
(1,205) 
- 

13,039 

18,394 
1,037 
(226) 
19,205 

(2,763) 
- 
(2,763) 

(6,568) 
- 
(6,568) 

(2,754) 
- 
(2,754) 

36 
514 
(23) 
- 
527 

4,286 
(603) 
(689) 
(21) 
(113) 
- 
273 

3,133 

897 
140 
- 
1,037 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

18,031 
(1,335) 
(867) 
- 
(152) 
(1,205) 
- 

36 
- 
- 
- 
36 

4,286 
(603) 
(689) 
- 
(268) 
- 
273 

14,472 

2,999 

7,904 
421 
364 
8,689 

281 
140 
- 
421 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
1. General information 

Open Orphan Plc is a company incorporated in England and Wales. The Company is a public limited company, limited by shares, listed 
on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. On 18 January 2016, the company also listed on the ESM market of the Irish Stock 
Exchange. The address of the registered office is Queen Mary Bio Enterprises, Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, E1 2AX, UK. 

The principal activity of the Group is that of a rapidly growing specialist CRO pharmaceutical services company which is the world 
leader in the testing of vaccines and antivirals using human challenge clinical trials. The Group has a presence in the UK, Ireland, 
France and Netherlands. 

The  financial  statements  are  presented  in  GBP£’000  (except  where  indicated  otherwise),  the  currency  of  the  primary  economic 
environment in which the Group’s trading companies operate. The Group comprises Open Orphan Plc and its subsidiary companies 
as set out in note 18. The Board decided to change the presentation currency of the Group from Euro (€) to pounds Sterling (£) in 
2020 given the increased weighting of our UK operations on our Financial Statements as a result of the merger between Open Orphan 
plc and hVIVO plc in January 2020. See note 38 for further details. 

The registered number of the Company is 07514939. 

2. Summary of significant accounting policies 

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. The policies 
have been consistently applied throughout the year, unless otherwise stated. 

Basis of preparation 

Open Orphan Plc (formerly Venn Life Sciences Holdings Plc) completed an IPO on the London AIM Exchange and the Dublin Euronext 
exchange on 28 June 2019 through a reverse acquisition of Open Orphan DAC, an Irish Company, into Venn Life Sciences Holdings Plc 
(Venn), a UK company. Based on the accounting standards under IFRS 3 and IFRS 10, the Group has determined that the entity with 
control of the combined group after the combination is Open Orphan DAC. It was therefore determined that reverse acquisition 
accounting is to be applied for presentation of the financial statements of the Group. This means that results reported for 2019 reflect 
those of Open Orphan DAC for the full 12-month period and for Venn Life Sciences group Plc group from 01 July 2019 to year end. 
The % of the enlarged share capital represented by the consideration shares issued to Open Orphan DAC on the reverse takeover 
was 40.1% which represented a fair value consideration of £5.7m. 

Open Orphan Plc completed, on 17th January 2020, an acquisition of the hVIVO group. The results reported for 2020 reflect those 
of Open Orphan Plc and Venn Group for the full 12-month period and for hVIVO group from 17 January 2020 to year end. The % 
of the enlarged share capital represented by the consideration shares issued to hVIVO group on the acquisition takeover was 33.1% 
which represented a fair value consideration of £12.96m. 

 The Balance Sheet reported for the  period reflect those of the combined group with share capital reflecting the position of the 
ultimate parent company Open Orphan Plc. 

For information purposes, a pro forma statement of Comprehensive Income for the full calendar year 2020 and comparable periods 
for  Open  Orphan  Plc  on  a  stand-alone  basis  is  presented  in  the  chairman’s  statement  to  allow  a  normalized  presentation  of 
Comprehensive Income for the Group during the year 2020.  

The consolidated financial statements of Open Orphan Plc have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards as adopted by the European Union (IFRSs), IFRIC interpretations and the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies 
reporting under IFRS.  

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  the  use  of  certain  critical  accounting  estimates.  It  also 
requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas involving a 
higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial 
statements are disclosed in note 4. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

Changes in accounting policies and disclosures 
The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year.  
The changes to new standards for the current period and effective from 1 January 2020 include: 
IFRS 3 
IAS 8 

Business Combinations 
Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors 

We consider that there has been no impact on adoption of the new standards on the Group

Summary of new accounting policies 
Several other amendments and interpretations apply for the first time in 2020, but do not have an impact on the Consolidated 
Financial Statements of the Group.

.

The Group has not early adopted any amendment, standard or interpretation that has been issued but is not yet effective. 

Standards issued but not yet effective 
There  were  a  number  of  standards  and  interpretations  which  were  in  issue  at  31  December  2020  but  not  effective  for  periods 
commencing 1 January 2020 and have not been adopted for these Financial Statements. The Directors have assessed the full impact 
of these accounting changes on the Company. To the extent that they may be applicable, the Directors have concluded that none of 
these  pronouncements  will  cause  material  adjustments  to  the  Group’s  Financial  Statements.  They  may  result  in  consequential 
changes to the accounting policies and other note disclosures. The new standards will not be early adopted by the Group and will be 
incorporated in the preparation of the Group Financial Statements from the effective dates noted below. 
The new standards include: 
Insurance Contracts2    
*IFRS 17  
Interest Rates1 
*IFRS 9 
Benchmark Reform1 
*IAS39/IFRS7 
*IFRS16 (Amendment) 1     Leases’ – Covid [1]19 related rent concessions 
 *IAS 1 

Presentation of Financial Statements2   

1 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021 
2 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact on the 
Group. 

Going concern 

The Directors have prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis. During the financial year ended 31 December 2020 
the Group made a loss of £10.5m but had net cash inflows from operating activities of £2.6m, however the Directors consider the use 
of the going concern basis to be appropriate.  The Directors have prepared working capital projections which show that with cash 
balances on hand at 31 December 2020, the Group & Company will have sufficient funding to be able to continue as a going concern. 

Basis of consolidation 
The  consolidated  financial  statements  incorporate  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiary  undertakings. 
Subsidiaries  are  all  entities  over  which  the  Group  has  the  power  to  govern  their  financial  and  operating  policies  generally 
accompanying a shareholding of more than fifty per cent of the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that 
are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity. Subsidiaries are 
fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control 
ceases.  

Inter-Company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated. Unrealised 
losses are also eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the 
policies adopted by the Group. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

Associates are all entities over which the group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of 
between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under 
the equity method, the investment is initially recognised at cost, and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognise the 
group’s share of the profit or loss of the associate after the date of acquisition. 

The group’s share of post-acquisition profit or loss is recognised in the income statement. 

(a) Acquisition accounting 
The Group uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the 
acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred, and the equity interests issued by the 
Group.  The  consideration  transferred  includes  the  fair  value  of  any  asset  or  liability  resulting  from  a  contingent  consideration 
agreement. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities 
assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. On an acquisition by acquisition 
basis,  the  Group  recognises  any  non-controlling  interest  in  the  acquiree  either  at  fair  value  or  at  the  non-controlling  interest’s 
proportionate share of the acquiree’s net assets. 

The excess of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition date fair 
value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is 
recorded as goodwill. If this is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired in the case of a bargain purchase, 
the difference is recognised directly in the income statement. 

Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment. Cost is adjusted to reflect changes in consideration arising from 
contingent  consideration  amendments.  The  acquisition  of  the  hVIVO  group  in  January  2020  was  accounted  for  using  principles  of 
acquisition accounting. 

(b) Associates 
Associates are all entities over which the group has significant influence but not control or joint control as defined under IAS28. This 
is generally the case where the group holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for 
using  the  equity  method  of  accounting  (see  equity  method  below),  after  initially  being  recognised  at  cost  less  any  fair  value 
adjustment.  

Equity Method: 
Under the equity method of accounting, the investments are initially recognised at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognise the 
group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the investee in profit or loss, and the group’s share of movements in other 
comprehensive income of the investee in other comprehensive income. Dividends received or receivable from associates and joint 
ventures are recognised as a reduction in the carrying amount of the investment.  

When the group’s share of losses in an equity-accounted investment equals or exceeds its interest in the entity, including any other 
unsecured long-term receivables, the group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments 
on behalf of the other entity. Unrealised gains on transactions between the group and its associates and joint ventures are eliminated 
to the extent of the group’s interest in these entities. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence 
of an impairment of the asset transferred.  

Accounting  policies  of  equity  accounted  investees  have  been  changed  where  necessary  to  ensure  consistency  with  the  policies 
adopted by the group. The carrying amount of equity-accounted investments is tested for impairment in accordance with the policy 
described in page 28. 

(c) Group re-organisation 

The  Group  re-organisation  of  common  control  transaction  is  scoped  out  under  IFRS  3.  The  results  of  the  Group  and  all  of  its 
subsidiary undertakings affected by the group re-organisation are accounted using the merger accounting method. The method  
of accounting for such business combination is treated to take place before the transition of IFRS. The investment is recorded at 
the nominal value of the shares issued, together with the fair value of any additional consideration paid. 

30 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

Merged subsidiary undertakings are treated as if they had always been a member of the Group. This treatment is permitted under 
the exemption in IFRS 1 to not restate acquisitions before transition. 

The  corresponding  figures  for  the  previous  period  include  its  results  for  that  period,  the  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  previous 
balance sheet date and the shares issued by the company as consideration as if they had always been in issue. Any difference 
between the nominal value of the shares acquired by the Company and those issued by the company to acquire them is taken to 
reserves as re-organisation reserve. 

(d) Reverse acquisition accounting 

The acquisition of Venn Life Sciences Holdings Plc (renamed Open Orphan Plc) and its subsidiaries by Open Orphan DAC on 27 
June 2019 has been accounted using the principles of reverse acquisition accounting. Although the Group financial statements 
have been prepared in the name of the legal parent, Open Orphan Plc, they are in substance a continuation of the consolidated 
financial statements of the legal subsidiary, Open Orphan DAC. The following accounting treatment has been applied in respect 
of the reverse accounting: 

The assets and liabilities of the legal subsidiary, Open Orphan DAC, are recognised and measured in the Group financial statements 
at the pre-combination carrying amounts, without restatement of fair value. The retained earnings and other equity balances 
recognised  in  the  Group  financial  statements  reflect  the  retained  earnings  and  other  equity  balances  of  Open  Orphan  DAC 
immediately  before  the  business  combination  and  the  results  of  the  period  from  1  January  2019  to  the  date  of  the  business 
combination are those of Open Orphan DAC. However, the equity structure appearing in the Group financial statements reflects 
the  equity  structure  of  the  legal  parent,  Open  Orphan  Plc  (formerly  Venn  Life  Sciences  Holdings  Plc),  including  the  equity 
instruments issued in order to affect the business combination. 

Foreign currency translation 

(a) Functional and presentation currency 
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic  
environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements are presented in GBP, 
which  is  the  functional  and  presentation  currency  of  the  main  operating  entities.  The  prior  set  of  financial  statements  were 
presented in EUR, being the functional and presentation currency of the group then. The comparative figures have been restated 
to be comparable. See translation in note 38. 

(b) Transactions and balances 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the  exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the 
transactions where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and 
from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised 
in the income statement within ‘administrative expenses’, except when deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash 
flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges. 

(c) Group companies 
The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyper-inflationary economy) that have 
a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentational currency as follows: 

• 
• 
• 

assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet; 
income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates; and 
all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. 

On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign operations are taken to other 
comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is partially disposed of or sold, exchange differences that were recorded in equity 
are recognised in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale. 
Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity 
and translated at the closing rate. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

Segmental reporting 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. 
The  chief  operating  decision-maker,  who  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and  assessing  performance  of  the  operating 
segments, has been identified as the Executive Directors who make strategic decisions. 

Property, plant and equipment 
Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any provision for impairment. Historical 
cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset and bringing the asset to its working condition 
for its intended use. 

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only where it is 
probable that future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the Group and the cost of the asset can be measured 
reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income 
statement during the financial period in which they are incurred. Any borrowing costs associated with qualifying property, plant and 
equipment are capitalised and depreciated at the rate applicable to that asset category. 

Depreciation on assets is calculated using the straight-line method or reducing balances method to allocate their cost to its residual 
values over their estimated useful lives, as follows: 
Leasehold Improvements 
Plant & Machinery 
Fixtures and fittings  

the shorter of five years or the life of the lease 
four years 
three to five years 

The assets’ residual values and useful economic lives are reviewed regularly, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting 
period. 

An asset’s carrying value is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its 
estimated recoverable amount. 

Gains and losses on the disposal of assets are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised 
in administration expenses in the income statement. 

Intangible assets 

(a) Goodwill 
Goodwill represents the excess amount of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the net identifiable 
assets of the acquired underlined businesses at the date of the acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions of businesses is included in 
‘intangible assets’. In normal cases Goodwill has an indefinite useful life and is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less 
accumulated impairment losses. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include 
the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold. 

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating 
units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose, 
identified according to operating segment. 

(b) Trade secrets 
Trade secrets, including technical know-how, operating procedures, contact network, methods and processes, acquired in a business 
combination are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Trade secrets have a finite useful life and are carried at cost less 
accumulated amortisation. Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate the cost of trade secrets over their 
estimated useful lives of 10 years and is charged to administrative expenses in the income statement. 

c) Intellectual property rights 
Intellectual property rights relate to patents acquired by the Group. Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line method over 
the expected life of 10 years and is charged to administrative expenses in the income statement. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

d) Capitalised Software development, Licences and Preferential right to reserve a slot 

Internally generated intangible assets – research and development expenditure  

Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. Development costs are 
capitalised when the related products meet the recognition criteria of an internally generated intangible asset, the key criteria 
being as follows: 

technical feasibility of the completed intangible asset has been established; 
it can be demonstrated that the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits; 
adequate technical, financial and other resources are available to complete the development; 
the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset can be reliably measured; and 

• 
• 
• 
• 
•  management has the ability and intention to use or sell the intangible asset. 

Expenses for research and development include associated wages and salaries, material costs, depreciation on non
assets and directly attributable overheads. Development costs recognised as assets are amortised over their expected useful life. 

current 

‑

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Assets that have an indefinite life such as goodwill are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets 
that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying 
amount  may  not  be  recoverable.  An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  for  the  amount  by  which  the  carrying  amount  exceeds  its 
recoverable amount. 

The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated 
future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the 
time value of the money and the risks specific to the asset which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. 

For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash 
flows. Impairment losses  recognised for cash-generating units, to which goodwill has been allocated, are credited initially to the 
carrying amount of goodwill. Any remaining impairment loss is charged pro rata to the other assets in the cash-generating unit. 
Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised 
estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have 
been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (cash-generating unit) in the prior period. A reversal of an 
impairment loss is recognised in the income statement immediately. If goodwill is impaired however, no reversal of the impairment 
is recognised in the financial statements. 

Financial instruments  

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument 
of another entity. 

Financial assets  

Initial recognition and measurement 

Financial  assets  are  classified,  at  initial  recognition,  and  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost,  fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and 
the Group’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing 
component or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair 
value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not 
contain  a  significant  financing  component  or  for  which  the  Group  has  applied  the  practical  expedient  are  measured  at  the 
transaction price determined under IFRS 15. Refer to the accounting policies in note 35 Revenue from contracts with customers. 

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash 
flows that are ‘solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)’ on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred 
to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. 

The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash 
flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial 
assets, or both. 

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention 
in the marketplace (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Group commits to purchase or 
sell the asset. 

Subsequent measurement  

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:  
• Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)  
• Financial assets at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative gains and losses (debt instruments)  
• Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with no recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon derecognition (equity 
instruments)  
• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

However, only financial assets at amortised cost are discussed as all the Group’s financial assets are measured at amortised cost, 
with the exception of investments in subsidiaries and associates which are held at cost less impairment. 

Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments) 
This category is the most relevant to the Group. The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following 
conditions are met: 

• 

• 

The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual 
cash flows, and  
The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal 
and interest on the principal amount outstanding 

Financial  assets  at  amortised  cost  are  subsequently  measured  using  the  effective  interest  (EIR)  method  and  are  subject  to 
impairment. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired. 

The Group’s financial assets at amortised cost comprise of trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents. 

Derecognition  

A  financial  asset  (or,  where  applicable,  a  part  of  a  financial  asset  or  part  of  a  group  of  similar  financial  assets)  is  primarily 
derecognised (i.e., removed from the Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:  

• 

The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, OR 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

• 

The Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received 
cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Group 
has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained 
substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset 

When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it 
evaluates if, and to what extent, it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained 
substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the 
transferred asset to the extent of its continuing involvement. In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The 
transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Group has 
retained. 

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original 
carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay. 

Impairment of financial assets 
Impairment provisions for current and non-current trade receivables are recognised based on the simplified approach within IFRS 
9 using a provision matrix in the determination of the lifetime expected credit losses. During this process the probability of the 
non-payment of the trade receivables is assessed. This probability is then multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising 
from default to determine the lifetime expected credit loss for the trade receivables. For trade receivables, which are reported 
net, such provisions are recorded in a separate provision account with the loss being recognised in the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income. On confirmation that the trade receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is 
written off against the associated provision.  

From time to time, the Group elects to renegotiate the terms of trade receivables due from customers with which it has previously 
had a good trading history. Such renegotiations will lead to changes in the timing of payments rather than changes to the amounts 
owed and, in consequence, the new expected cash flows are discounted at the original effective interest rate and any resulting 
difference to the carrying value is recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (operating profit). 

Financial liabilities 
Initial recognition and measurement  
Financial  liabilities  are  classified,  at  initial  recognition,  as  financial  liabilities  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss,  loans  and 
borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.  

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly 
attributable transaction costs.  

The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables and loans and borrowings. 

Subsequent measurement 
Loans and borrowings  
This is the category most relevant to the Group. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently 
measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  EIR  method.  Gains  and  losses  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  when  the  liabilities  are 
derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or 
premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in 
the statement of profit or loss. This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings. For more information, 
refer to Note 25. 

Derecognition  
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing 
financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability 
are  substantially  modified,  such  an  exchange  or  modification  is  treated  as  the  derecognition  of  the  original  liability  and  the 
recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 
Inventories  
Inventories are reported at the lower of cost (purchase price and/or production cost) and net realisable value. Net realisable value 
is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and applicable variable selling 
expenses.  

Inventories  comprise  completed  manufactured  grade  viruses,  work  in  process  in  relation  to  the  manufacture  of  viruses,  and 
laboratory and clinical consumables. The cost of virus inventory is calculated using the weighted average cost method for each 
individual strain, with cost including direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and an attributable portion of 
production overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Adjustments 
are made for any inventories where net realisable value is lower than cost, or which are considered to be obsolete. Any inventories 
which  management  considers  are  not  usable  on  future  commercial  engagements  are  provided  against  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income.  

Trade and other receivables 
Trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value, being the original invoice amount, and subsequently measured at amortised 
cost less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment is established when there is objective evidence that the Group will not 
be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivable. Trade receivables that are less than three months 
past  due  date  are  not  considered  impaired  unless  there  are  specific  financial  or  commercial  reasons  that  lead  management  to 
conclude that the customer will default. Older debts are considered to be impaired unless there is sufficient evidence to the contrary 
that they will be settled. The amount of the provision is the difference between the asset’s carrying value and the present value of 
the estimated future cash flows. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account, and the 
amount of the loss is recognised in the income statement within administrative expenses. When a trade receivable is uncollectible it 
is  written  off  against  the  allowance  account.  Subsequent  recoveries  of  amounts  previously  written  off  are  credited  against 
administrative expenses in the income statement. 

Trade payables 
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. 
Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the 
business  if  longer).  If  not,  they  are  presented  as  non-current  liabilities.  Trade  payables  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  and 
subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash  and  short-term  deposits  in  the  balance  sheet  comprise  cash  at  bank  and  in  hand  and  short-term  deposits  with  an  original 
maturity of less than three months, reduced by overdrafts to the extent that there is a right of offset against other cash balances. 
For the purposes of the consolidated  cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits as 
defined above net of outstanding bank overdrafts. 

Share capital 
Ordinary Shares and Deferred shares are classified as equity. Proceeds in excess of the nominal value of shares issued are allocated 
to the share premium account and are also classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new Ordinary 
Shares or options are deducted from the share premium account. 

Merger reserve 
The reserve represents a premium on the issue of the ordinary shares for the acquisition of subsidiary undertakings. The relief is only 
available to the issuing company securing at least a 90% equity holding in the acquired undertaking in pursuance of an arrangement 
providing for the allotment of equity shares in the issuing company on terms that the consideration for the shares allotted is to be 
provided by the issue to the issuing company of equity shares in the other company. 

Borrowings 
Borrowings  are  recognised  initially  at  the  fair  value  of  proceeds  received,  net  of  transaction  costs  incurred.  Borrowings  are 
subsequently carried at amortised cost. Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to 
defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date. 
Borrowing costs are expensed in the consolidated Group income statement under the heading ‘finance costs’. Arrangement and 
facility fees together with bank charges are charged to the income statement under the heading ‘administrative costs’. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

Current and deferred income tax 
The tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates 
to items recognised in other comprehensive income where the associated tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income. 

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date 
in the countries where the Company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Management evaluates positions 
taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions 
where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. 

Deferred tax is disclosed in accordance with IAS 12 and recognised using the liability method, on all temporary differences at the 
balance  sheet  date  between  the  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  for  financial  reporting  purposes. 
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised in respect of all temporary differences except where the deferred tax liability arises from the 
initial recognition of goodwill in business combinations. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry-forward of unused tax assets and tax losses, to the 
extent that they are regarded as recoverable. They are regarded as recoverable where, on the basis of available evidence, there will 
be sufficient taxable profits against which the future reversal of the underlying temporary differences can be deducted. 

The carrying value of the amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is 
no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all, or part, of the tax asset to be utilised. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is realised or 
the liability is settled, based on the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current 
tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on 
either the taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis. 

Right of use assets 

The Group recognises right of use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available 
for use). Right of use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any 
remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right of use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct 
costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Unless the 
Group is reasonably certain to obtain ownership of the leased asset at the end of the lease term, the recognised right of use assets 
is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of its estimated useful life and the lease term. Right of use assets are subject 
to impairment. 

Lease liabilities 

At the commencement date of the lease, the Group recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments 
to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease 
incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual 
value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by 
the  Group  and  payments  of  penalties  for  terminating  a  lease,  if  the  lease  term  reflects  the  Group  exercising  the  option  to 
terminate. The variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expense in the period on which 
the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement 
date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease 
liabilities  is  increased  to  reflect  the  accretion  of  interest  and  reduced  for  the  lease  payments  made.  In  addition,  the  carrying 
amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the in-substance fixed 
lease payments or a change in the assessment to purchase the underlying asset.

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 
Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets 
The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment (i.e., those 
leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also 
applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered of low value (i.e., 
below $5,000). Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line 
basis over the lease term. 

Employee benefits 
Pension obligations 
Group companies operate a pension scheme with defined contribution plans. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under 
which the Group pays fixed contributions into a separate entity with the pension cost charged to the income statement as incurred.  

The Group has no further obligations once the contributions have been paid. 

Share-based payment 
Where equity settled share options and warrants are awarded to directors and employees, the fair value of the options and warrants 
at the date of grant is charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income over the vesting period and the corresponding 
entry recorded in the share-based payment reserve. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number 
of equity instruments expected to vest at each reporting date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting 
period is based on the number of options that eventually vest.  

Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured 
immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income over the 
remaining vesting period. 

Leasehold provision  
Provisions for dilapidations and onerous lease commitments are recognised when the Company has a present or constructive 
obligation  as  a  result  of  past  events.  The  recognition  of  provision  requires  management  to  make  best  estimates  of  the 
consideration  required  to  settle  the  present  obligation  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period,  taking  into  account  the  risks  and 
uncertainties surrounding the obligation. There is reasonable uncertainty around the likelihood and timing of the exit of the lease 
as negotiations will involve third parties. The provision is discounted for the time value of money. 

Revenue recognition 
(a)  Revenue from Contracts in the Venn Life Sciences Group 
The group provides clinical consulting services and drug development services. Revenue from providing services is recognised in the 
accounting period in which the services are rendered. For fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognised based on the actual service 
provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be provided because the customer receives and 
uses the benefits simultaneously. This is determined in reference to the stage of completion which is measured by labour hours 
incurred to the period end as a percentage of the total estimated labour hours for the contract. Where the contract outcome cannot 
be measured reliably, revenue is recognised to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable.  

Some  contracts  include  multiple  performance  obligations  in  the  form  of  various  service  offerings.  Where  the  contracts  include 
multiple performance obligations, the transaction price will be allocated to each performance obligation measured by reference to 
labour hours incurred to the period end as a percentage of the total estimated labour hours to achieve a particular performance 
obligation. Where the contract outcome cannot be measured reliably, revenue is recognised to the extent of the expenses recognised 
that are recoverable. 

Estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion are revised if circumstances change. Any resulting increases or 
decreases in estimated revenues or costs are reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the circumstances that give rise to the 
revision become known by management. 

In case of fixed-price contracts, the customer pays the fixed amount based on a payment schedule. If the services rendered by the 
group  exceed  the  payment,  a  contract  asset  is  recognised.  If  the  payments  exceed  the  services  rendered,  a  contract  liability  is 
recognised. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

Terms and Conditions tend to vary from contract to contract and in general the payment terms tend to be between 30 and 90 days 
in The Netherlands and between 30 and 60 days in France and Ireland. 

Some contracts include references to milestone events. Where no fee is payable until a milestone is achieved, revenue is recognised 
up to the value of the milestone event set to occur. 

The group is applying practical expedient per IFRS 15 to not disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the 
performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of the end of the reporting period as the entity has a right to 
consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the entity's performance 
completed to date and recognise revenue in the amount to which the entity has a right to invoice. 

(b)  Revenue from contracts in the hVIVO Group 
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company 
expects to be entitled in exchange for the goods or services and is shown net of Value Added Tax.  

Service revenues 
The Company primarily earns revenues by undertaking client clinical services engagements. A client clinical services engagement 
typically comprises a number of quarantine cohorts. Each quarantine cohort lasts two to three weeks, but the timeline of work 
involved in building up to undertaking a clinical study is in the range of three to twelve months. Whether a client clinical services 
engagement is for one quarantine cohort or for a number of quarantine cohorts, the overall timeline of the engagement is much 
the same, apart from the additional time for the quarantine cohorts themselves and the time lags in between quarantine cohorts 
(with some cohorts offset in parallel and some sequential), as much of the upfront work is the same whether for one or a number 
of quarantine cohorts.  

Client  clinical  services  revenue  is  recognised  based  on  a  performance  over  time,  as  the  performance  of  the  clinical  services 
engagements do not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment 
for the performance completed to date.  

The Company measures its progress towards the satisfaction of performance obligations using output measures. Depending on 
the contractual terms, revenue from contracts with customers is recognised based on the level of work completed  to date in 
respect of each individual performance obligation of the client clinical services contract. 

Contracts generally contain provisions for renegotiation in the event of changes in the scope, nature, duration, volume of services 
or conditions of the contract (contract modifications). Contract modifications are assessed based on the terms of the contract. 
Contract modifications which are distinct and provided at a stand-alone selling price are accounted for as a separate contract. 
Where modifications are not distinct or provided at a stand-alone selling price, the Company evaluates whether the remaining 
goods or services are distinct from those already provided. If so, the modification is accounted for as a termination of the existing 
contract  and  the  creation  of  a  new  contract.  If  not,  the  transaction  price  and  measure  of  progress  is  updated  for  the  single 
performance obligation and amounts are recognised as revenue by revision to the total contract value arising as a result. Provisions 
for losses to be incurred on contracts are recognised in full in the period in which it is determined that a loss will result from the 
performance of the contractual arrangement. 

The difference between the amount of revenue from contracts with customers recognised and the amount invoiced on a particular 
contract is included in the statement of financial position as contract liabilities. Normally amounts become billable in advance 
upon the achievement of certain milestones, in accordance with pre-agreed invoicing schedules included in the contract or on 
submission of appropriate detail. Any cash payments received as a result of this advance billing are not representative of revenue 
earned on the contract as revenues are recognised over the period during which the specified contractual obligations are fulfilled. 
Amounts included in contract liabilities are expected to be recognised within one year and are included within current liabilities. 

In the event of contract termination, if the value of work performed and recognised as revenue from contracts with customers is 
greater than aggregate milestone billings at the date of termination, cancellation clauses provide for the Company to be paid for 
all work performed to the termination date (enforceable right to payment for services provided to date). 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Cont’d) 

Licensing revenues 
Where licensing arrangements have a single contracted performance obligation to provide the right to use intellectual property 
which exists at a certain point in time, such as the delivery of a licence for study data, revenue from contracts with customers is 
recognised when the Company has transferred to the customer control over the intellectual property, which generally occurs at 
the  beginning  of  the  period  for  which  the  customer  has  the  right  to  use  the  intellectual  property.  Licence  revenue  for  such 
arrangements is therefore generally recognised at the point of delivery of the data when the performance obligation has been 
satisfied. Until this point in time, any amount invoiced in respect of the arrangement is presented in the statement of financial 
position as a contract liability. Costs associated with development of the study data are capitalised as a current intangible asset 
from the point that it is probable future economic benefits will be generated and are transferred to cost of sales upon handover 
of the deliverable. 

Where licensing arrangements are determined to have contracted performance obligations to provide a right of access to the 
intellectual property, revenue is recognised over time, in line with the methods applied in recognising service revenues. 

 (c) Interest income 
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable,  
which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s 
net carrying amount. 

(d) Royalty and license income 
Royalty and license income are recognised on an accruals basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreements. 

Exceptional items 

These are  items of an unusual or non-recurring nature incurred by the Group and  include transactional costs and one-off  items 
relating to business combinations, such as acquisition expenses, restructuring and redundancy costs. 

3. Financial risk management 

Financial risk factors 

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (foreign exchange risk and cash flow interest rate risk), credit 
risk, liquidity risk, capital risk and fair value risk. The Group’s overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of 
the financial markets and seeks to minimise the potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. The Group does not 
use derivative financial instruments to hedge risk exposures. 

Risk management is carried out by the head office finance team. It evaluates and mitigates financial risks in close co-operation with 
the Group’s operating units. The Board provides principles for overall risk management whilst the head office finance team provides 
specific  policy  guidance  for  the  operating  units  in  terms  of  managing  foreign  exchange  risk,  credit  risk  and  cash  and  liquidity 
management. 

a)  Market risk 

     (i) Foreign exchange – cash flow risk 

The Group’s presentation currency is GBP£ although it operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from 
various currency exposures, primarily between Euro, USD and the GBP such that the Group’s cash flows are affected by fluctuations 
in the rate of exchange between Euro and the aforementioned foreign currencies. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
3. Financial risk management (Cont’d) 
Management  do  not  use  derivative  financial  instruments  to  mitigate  the  impact  of  any  residual  foreign  currency  exposure  not 
mitigated by the natural hedge within the business model. The Group does not speculate in foreign currencies and no operating 
Company is permitted to take unmatched positions in any foreign currency. 

   (ii) Foreign exchange – Fair value risk 
Translation  exposures  that  arise  on  converting  the  results  of  overseas  subsidiaries  are  not  hedged.  Net  assets  held  in  foreign 
currencies are hedged wherever practical by matching borrowings in the same currency. The principal exchange rates used by the 
Group in translating overseas profits and net assets into GBP £ are set out in the table below. 

Rate compared to Euro 

GBP 
US Dollar 

Rate compared to GBP 

Average rate  
2020 

Average rate 
2019 

Year end rate  Year end rate 
2019 

2020 

0.89 
1.14 
Average rate  
2020 

0.88 
1.13 
Average rate 
2019 

0.90 
1.23 

0.85 
1.12 
Year end rate  Year end rate 
2019 

2020 

Euro 
US Dollar 
As a guide to the sensitivity of the Group’s results to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, a one penny movement in the 
GBP to Euro rate would impact annual earnings by approximately £3,000 due to natural hedging (2019 - £1,000). 

1.11 
1.26 

1.18 
1.32 

1.14 
1.28 

1.12 
1.28 

  (iii) Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk 
The Group has assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents and limited interest-bearing liabilities which relate to long-term  
borrowing. Interest rates on cash and cash equivalents are currently zero whilst interest rates on borrowings have been fixed and 
therefore expose the Group to fair value interest rate risk. The Group does not speculate on future changes in interest rates. 

Where overseas acquisitions are made, it is the Group’s policy to arrange any borrowings required in local currency. 

It is the Group’s policy not to trade in derivative financial instruments. The Group does not use interest rate swaps. 

(b)Credit risk 

Credit risk is managed on a Group basis, except for credit risk relating to accounts receivable balances. Each local subsidiary and 
operating business unit is responsible for managing and analysing the credit risk for each of their new clients before standard payment 
and delivery terms and conditions are offered. It is the Group policy to obtain deposits from customers where possible, particularly  
overseas customers. In addition, the Group will seek confirmed letters of credit for the balances due. Credit risk is managed at the 
operating business unit level and monitored at the Group level to ensure adherence to Group policies. If there is no independent 
rating, local management assesses the credit quality of the customer, taking into account its financial position, past experience and 
other  factors.  Individual  risk  limits  are  set  based  on  internal  or  external  ratings  in  accordance  with  limits  set  by  the  board.  The 
utilisation of credit limits is regularly monitored. 
Credit  risk  also  arises  from  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  derivative  financial  instruments  and  deposits  with  banks  and  financial 
institutions, as well as credit exposures to customers. 

(c)  Liquidity risk 

Cash flow forecasting is performed in the individual operating entities of the Group and is aggregated by Group finance. Group finance 
monitors cash and cash flow forecasts and it is the Group’s liquidity risk management policy to maintain sufficient cash and available 
funding  through  an  adequate  amount  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  committed  credit  facilities  from  its  bankers.  Due  to  the 
dynamic nature of the underlying businesses, the head office finance team aims to maintain flexibility in funding by keeping sufficient 
cash and cash equivalents available to fund the requirements of the Group. 

The Group’s policy in relation to the finance of its overseas operations requires that sufficient liquid funds be maintained in each of 
its territory subsidiaries to support short and medium-term operational plans. Where necessary, short-term funding is provided by 
the holding Company. In the UK, the working capital bank facility and the management of liquid funds in excess of operational needs 
are controlled centrally. Typically, excess funds are placed as short-term deposits, to provide a balance between interest earnings 
and flexibility. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
3. Financial risk management (Cont’d) 

The table below analyses the Group’s non-derivative financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining 
period  at  the  balance  sheet  date  to  the  contractual  maturity  date.  The  amounts  disclosed  in  the  table  are  the  contractual 
undiscounted cash flows.  

At 31 December 2020: 
Borrowings  
Leased Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

At 31 December 2019: 
Borrowings  
Leased Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

(d)  Capital risk management 

Note 

25 
37 
23 

25 
37 
23 

Between  
Less than 
one year  1 and 2 years  2 and 5 years 
£’000 

Between  More than  
5 years 
£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

359 
2,245 
21,396 

1,703 
444 
2,977 

- 
1,510 
2 

- 
328 
40 

- 
684 
- 

- 
655 
2 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

Total 
£’000 

359 
4,439 
21,398 

1,703 
1,427 
3,019 

The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide 
returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of 
capital. 
The Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total capital. Net debt is 
calculated as total borrowings (including “current and non-current borrowings” as shown in the consolidated balance sheet) less 
cash and cash equivalents. Total capital is the sum of net debt plus equity. 
The Group is currently largely un-geared, having net cash at 31 December 2020. It is the stated strategy of the Group to grow both 
organically and through acquisition with acquisitions to be funded through a mixture of debt and equity funding.  

4. Critical accounting estimates and judgements  

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made accounting judgements in the determination of 
the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making assumptions and estimates, 
actual outcomes will differ from those assumptions and estimates. The following judgements have the most significant effect on the 
amounts recognised in the financial statements. 

(a) Business combinations 

The recognition of business combinations requires the excess of the purchase price of acquisitions over the net book value of assets 
acquired to be allocated to the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity. The Group makes judgements and estimates in relation to 
the fair value allocation of the purchase price. If any unallocated portion is positive it is recognised as goodwill. However, in applying 
the  reverse  acquisition  accounting  method  this  has  necessitated  the  Group  to  recognise  the  unallocated  portion  as  deemed 
acquisition costs as required under IFRS 3 – Business Combinations. See also note 2 (d) regarding reverse acquisition accounting 
treatment for most recent transaction. 

(b) Impairment of goodwill and cost of investments 

The Group tests annually whether goodwill has suffered any impairment, in accordance with the accounting policy stated in note 2. 
The  recoverable  amounts  of  cash-generating  units  have  been  determined  based  on  value-in-use  calculations.  These  calculations 
require the use of estimates as set out in note 17. In addition, the Group has also considered the impairment of the investments in 
the subsidiaries undertakings as set out in note 18. 

(c) Impairment of receivables 

Trade and other receivables are carried at the contractual amount due less any estimated provision for non-recovery. Provision is  
 made  based  on  a  number  of  factors  including  the  age  of  the  receivable,  previous  collection  experience  and  the  financial 
circumstances of the counterparty. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
4. Critical accounting estimates and judgements (Cont’d) 

 (d) Deferred tax assets 
Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which 
deductible temporary differences can be utilised. See note 24. 

(e)  Intangible assets 
The Group amortises intangible assets over their estimated useful life.  The useful lives of Trade Secrets, Intellectual Property Rights, 
software, licences and Preferential Right to Reserve a Slot have been estimated by the Group as stated in note 2. The Group tests 
annually whether there is any indication that Intangible assets have been impaired. 

(f)  Revenue recognition 
Estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion are revised if circumstances change. Any resulting increases or 
decreases in estimated revenues or costs are reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the circumstances that give rise to the 
revision become known by management. At each period end, management reviews each material individual contract to assess 
whether any anticipated losses should be recognised immediately. Revenue in relation to the licensing of data is recognised when 
data is delivered to the customer. 

(g)  Virus inventory  
In valuing virus inventory, management is required to make assumptions in relation to the future commercial use, being both 
external  client  revenue  engagements,  engagements  with  our  equity  investments  and  internal  research  and  development 
engagements, for each virus. This includes consideration of both the current business pipeline and management’s estimates of 
the future virus requirements, based on its significant knowledge and experience in the field of virology.  

(h)  Research and development tax credit 
Hvivo  Services  Limited’s  research  and  development  tax  claim  is  complex  and  requires  management  to  make  significant 
assumptions in building the methodology for the claim, interpreting research and development tax legislation to the Company’s 
specific circumstances, and agreeing the basis of the Company’s tax computations with HM Revenue & Customs. 

(i)  Leasehold provision  
Provisions  for  dilapidations  and  onerous  lease  commitments  are  recognised  when  the  Group  has  a  present  or  constructive 
obligation  as  a  result  of  past  events.  The  recognition  of  provision  requires  management  to  make  best  estimates  of  the 
consideration  required  to  settle  the  present  obligation  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period,  taking  into  account  the  risks  and 
uncertainties surrounding the obligation. There is reasonable uncertainty around the likelihood and timing of the exit of the lease 
as negotiations will involve third parties. The provision is discounted for the time value of money. 

5. Segmental reporting 

Management has determined the Group’s operating segments based on the monthly management reports presented to the Chief 
Operating Decision Maker (‘CODM’). The CODM is the Executive Directors and the monthly management reports are used by the 
Group to make strategic decisions and allocate resources. 

The principal activity of the Group is as the industry-leading clinical development services (CDS) business pioneering human disease 
models  based  upon  viral  challenge.  Using  human  challenge  studies  to  establish  early  proof-of-concept,  hVIVO’s  clinical  trial 
platform can accelerate drug and vaccine development in respiratory and infectious diseases. 

A second business unit is that of a Clinical Research Organisation (CRO) providing a suite of consulting and clinical trial services to 
pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device organisations.  As the majority of Venn Life Sciences Group business’ contracts 
are large, multi-country contracts, pulling resources from many different locations, the CODM considers this one business unit. 

A third business unit relates to the development of a Data platform of rare disease patients in Europe. 

Currently the key operating performance measures used by the CODM are Revenue and adjusted EBITDA (before exceptional items). 

The segment information provided to the Board for the reportable segments for the year ended 31 December 2020 is as follows: 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
5. Segmental reporting (Cont’d) 

2020 

CRO 

2020 

Data  
Platform 

2020 

CDS 

2020 

2019 

Total 

Total 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

7,842 

(3,313) 
(1,648) 

(4,961) 
(590) 

(53) 

(5,604) 
57 

(50) 

- 

- 

(431) 
- 

(431) 
(4) 

- 

(435) 
(113) 

- 

- 

(5,597) 

(548) 

5,763 

86 

- 

934 

- 

5,633 

9,215 

21,631 

(3,429) 

(45) 

(3,474) 

- 

13 

- 

- 

- 

(1,169) 

13 

(1,143) 

(119) 

(314) 

(433) 

14,153 

(2,522) 
(477) 

(2,999) 
(1,288) 

(116) 

(4,403) 
(318) 

(190) 

(107) 

(5,018) 

364 

969 

7,076 

3,296 

953 

5,422 

9,977 

28,057 

(22,341) 

- 

(22,341) 

21,995 

3,543 

(6,266) 
(2,125) 

(8,391) 
(1,882) 

(3,781) 
(711) 

(4,492) 
(296) 

(169) 

(331) 

(10,442) 
(374) 

(5,119) 
(350) 

(240) 

(107) 

(106) 

(231) 

(11,163) 

(5,806) 

6,127 

1,068 

7,076 

4,230 

953 

9,886 

19,205 

48,545 

2,875 

190 

- 

1,311 

- 

3,627 

1,037 

9,040 

(25,889) 

(4,487) 

(359) 

(1,703) 

(26,248) 

(6,190) 

Income statement 

External revenue and other income 

EBITDA before exceptional items 
Exceptional items 

EBITDA 
Depreciation 
Amortisation 

Operating (loss) 
Net finance (costs) 

Share Options Reserve charge 

Loss on Financial Asset Investments 
Retained (loss) before tax 

Segment assets 
Intangibles 

PPE 

Investment in associate 

ROU Assets 

Inventories 

Trade and other debtors 

Cash 

Total assets 

Segment liabilities 
Operating liabilities 

Borrowings 

Total liabilities 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
6. Expenses – analysis by nature 

Employee benefit expense (note 10) 

PPE Depreciation (note 16) and amortisation (note 17) 

Depreciation related to Right of use Assets (Note 37) 

Exceptional items (note 7) 

Inventories consumed 

Professional fees 

IT 

Premises Costs 

Volunteer costs 

Agency, Subcontractors and freelancers 

Other expenses 

Total direct project and administrative costs 

7. Exceptional items 

Included within Administrative expenses are exceptional items as shown below: 

Exceptional items include: 

– Transaction costs relating to business combinations and acquisitions 

Total exceptional items 

2020 

£’000 

15,240 

368 

1,684 

2,125 

727 

1,326 

1,021 

1,331 

961 

1,691 

5,963 

2019 

£’000 

5,202 

393 

234 

711 

- 

453 

194 

229 

- 

279 

978 

32,437 

8,673 

2020 

£’000 

2,125 

2,125 

2019 

£’000 

711 

711 

8. Auditor remuneration 
Services  provided  by  the  Company’s  auditor  and  its  associates.  During  the  year  the  Group  (including  its  overseas  subsidiaries) 
obtained the following services from the Company’s auditor and its associates: 

Fees payable to Company’s auditor for the audit of the parent Company and consolidated financial 
statements 
Fees payable to Company’s auditor for the audit of subsidiaries and their consolidated financial 
statements 
Total paid to the Company Auditor 

Fees payable to the auditors of subsidiaries for services: 

– The audit of Company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation paid to other Auditors 

– Other services paid to other Auditors 

– Tax services paid to other Auditors 

Total paid to Other Auditors 

Total auditor’s remuneration 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

36 

60 
96 

48 

40 

8 

96 

26 

21 
47 

45 

44 

8 

97 

192 

144 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
9. Directors’ emoluments 

Aggregate emoluments (11 directors) 

Social Security Costs 

Contribution to defined contribution pension scheme (3 directors) 

Total directors’ remuneration 

See further disclosures within the Remuneration Report on page 15. 

Highest paid Director 

Total emoluments received 

Defined contribution pension scheme 

2020 

£’000 

576 

69 

20 

665 

2019 

£’000 

326 

39 

13 

378 

2020 

£’000 

178 

- 

2019 

£’000 

90 

13 

No share options were exercised in the year by highest paid director nor was there any shares awarded to that director in the year. 

10. Employee benefit expense 

Wages and salaries 

Social security costs 

Pension costs  

Total employee benefit expense 

11. Average number of people employed 

Average number of people (including Executive Directors) employed was: 

Administration 

Clinical research 

Sales and marketing 

Total average number of people employed 

12. Finance income and costs 

Interest expense: 

– Interest on Lease liabilities (Note 37) 

– Interest on other loans 

Finance costs 

Finance income 

– Interest income on cash and short-term deposits 

Finance income 

Net finance expense 

2020 

£’000 

12,461 

1,944 

835 

15,240 

2019 

£’000 

4,203 

722 

277 

5,202 

2020 

No 

2019 

No 

41 

129 

9 

179 

2020 

£’000 

(243) 

(131) 

(374) 

- 

- 

34 

100 

9 

143 

2019 

£’000 

(48) 

(302) 

(350) 

- 

- 

(374) 

(350) 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

13. Income tax expense 

Group 

Current tax: 

Current year research and development tax credit 

Overprovision of prior year tax charge 

Total current tax (credit) 

Deferred tax (note 24): 

Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

Total deferred tax 

Income tax (credit) 

2020 

£’000 

(363) 

- 

(363) 

(9) 

(9) 

(372) 

2019 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

(67) 

(67) 

(67) 

The tax on the Group’s results before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the standard tax rate applicable 
to the profits of the consolidated entities as follows: 

(Loss) before tax 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

(11,163) 

(5,806) 

Tax calculated at domestic tax rates applicable to UK standard rate of tax of 19.00% (2019 – 19%) 

(2,121) 

(1,107) 

Tax effects of: 

– Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 

– Current Year R & D Tax credit 

–Temporary timing differences 

– Losses carried forward 

Income tax (credit) 

421 

(207) 

(10) 

1,545 

(372) 

166 

- 

(67) 

941 

(67) 

There are no tax effects on the items in the statement of comprehensive income.  

The subsidiary, hVIVO Services Limited, claims UK R&D tax incentives under both the SME and RDEC schemes. During 2020, a 
payment of £1.50 million was received from HMRC in respect of the RDEC and SME tax claim for the year ended 31 December 
2019. The research and development tax credit receivable of £1.15 million as at 31 December 2020 includes a current year SME 
claim of £0.36 million and a current year RDEC claim of £0.78 million (recorded in other income). 

14. Loss per share 
(a) Basic 
Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number 
of ordinary shares in issue during the year. 

(Loss) from continuing operations  

Total 

Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares in issue 

Earnings per share from continuing operations 

2020 

£’000 

(10,791) 

(10,791) 

2019 

£’000 

(5,739) 

(5,739) 

599,920,207 

165,081,000 

(1.80p) 

(3.48p) 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
14. Loss per share (Cont’d)  

(b) Diluted 
Due to the losses in the periods the effect of the share options and warrants noted below were considered to be anti-dilutive. 
Details of share options and warrants are given in note 32.  

Potential dilutive ordinary shares: 

Options 

Warrants 

Total 

15. Dividends 

2020 

2019 

9,516,111 

12,706,964 

4,185,248 

13,701,359 

6,744,500 
19,451,464 

There were no dividends paid or proposed by the Company in either year. 

16. Property, plant and equipment 

Group 

Leasehold  
Improvements 
£’000 

Plant &  
Machinery 
£’000 

Fixtures &  
Fittings 
£’000 

Total 

£’000 

Cost 
At 1 January 2020 
Transfer in from hVIVO 
Additions 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 

At 31 December 2020 

Depreciation 
At 1 January 2020 
Transfer in from hVIVO 
Charge for the year 
Elimination on disposal 
Exchange differences 

At 31 December 2020 

Net book value 
At 31 December 2020 
At 31 December 2019 

- 
1,535 
88 
(1,014) 
77 

686 

- 
1,497 
33 
(1,014) 
74 

590 

96 
- 

- 
2,520 
373 
- 
146 

3,039 

- 
2,455 
35 
- 
138 

2,628 

411 
- 

715 
1,190 
357 
(324) 
107 

2,045 

525 
1,037 
131 
(297) 
88 

1,484 

715 
5,245 
818 
(1,338) 
330 

5,770 

525 
4,989 
199 
(1,311) 
300 

4,702 

561 
190 

1,068 
190 

The Company had no property, plant and equipment at 31/12/2020. (2019: nil). 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
17. Intangible fixed assets 

Group 

Cost 
At 1 January 2020 
Transfer in from hVIVO 
Additions 
Disposals 
Exchange Differences 

At 31 December 2020 
Amortisation 
At 1 January 2020 
Transfer in from hVIVO 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Exchange Differences 

At 31 December 2020 
Net book value 
At 31 December 2020 
At 31 December 2019 

Goodwill 
£’000 

Trade 
secrets 
£’000 

Intellectual 
Property 
Rights  
£’000 

Capitalised 
Software 
development 
£’000 

Pref 
right to 
reserve 
slot 

Licences 
£’000 

4,210 
- 
2,779 
- 
239 

7,228 

1,539 
- 
- 
- 
89 

1,628 

5,600 
2,671 

600 
- 
- 
- 
33 

633 

396 
- 
53 
- 
21 

470 

163 
204 

- 
2,118 
- 
- 
- 

2,118 

- 
2,118 
- 
- 
- 

2,118 

- 
- 

- 
2,199 
- 
- 
- 

2,199 

- 
2,057 
70 
- 
- 

2,127 

72 
- 

- 
64 
- 
- 
- 

64 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
274 

- 

- 
- 
46 
- 
- 

46 

64 
- 

228 
- 

Total 
£’000 

4,810 
4,381 
3,053 
- 
272 

1,935 
4,175 
169 
- 
110 

6,389 

6,127 
2,875 

274 

12,516 

Goodwill  was  allocated  to  the  Group’s  cash-generating  units  (CGU’s)  identified  according  to  operating  segment.  An  operating 
segment-level summary of the goodwill allocation is presented below. 

CRO 

CDS  

Data Platform 

Total 

2020 

£’000 
2,821 

2,779 

- 

2019 

£’000 
2,671 

- 

- 

5,600 

2,671 

On 17th January 2020, Open Orphan Plc acquired hVIVO Plc (now renamed hVIVO Ltd) for a consideration of £12.96m. The difference 
between  the  fair  value  of  the  assets  acquired  and  the  consideration  paid  gave  rise  to  goodwill  of  £2.8m  being  created  on  the 
acquisition.  

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the balance sheet date. The recoverable amount of goodwill at 31 December 2020 was assessed 
at £5,600k (2019: £2,671k) on the basis of value in use. An impairment loss was not recognised as a result of this review. 

The key assumptions in the calculation to assess value in use are the future revenues and the ability to generate future cash flows. 
The  most  recent  financial  results  and  forecast  approved  by  management  for  the  next  two  years  were  used  followed  by  an 
extrapolation of expected cash flows at a constant growth rate for a further seven years. The projected results were discounted at a 
rate which is a prudent evaluation of the pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the 
risks specific to the cash-generating units. 

The key assumptions used for value in use calculations in 2020 were as follows: 

Longer-term growth rate (from 2022 onwards) 

Discount rate 

The impairment review is prepared on the group basis rather than a single unit basis.  

5% 

15% 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
17. Intangible fixed assets (Cont’d) 

The Directors have made significant estimates on future revenues and EBITDA growth over the next ten years based on the Group’s 
budgeted investment in recruiting key employees and marketing the services.  

The Directors have performed a sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of downside risk of the key assumptions underpinning the 
projected  results  of  the  Group.  The  projections  and  associated  headroom  used  for  the  group  is  sensitive  to  the  EBITDA  growth 
assumptions that have been applied.   
The Company has no intangible assets. 

18a. Investments in subsidiaries 

Company 
Shares in Group undertakings 

At 1 January  
Transfer re Open Orphan PLC 
Investment in Open Orphan DAC 

Investment in hVIVO Plc 

Impairment of Investment in VLS Germany GmbH 

At 31 December 

2020 

£’000 

8,195 

- 

- 

14,161 

(22) 

2019 

£’000 

- 

2,783 

5,412 

- 

- 

22,334 

8,195 

Investments  in  Group  undertakings  are  recorded  at  cost,  which  is  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  paid.  Following  review  an 
impairment provision of £22k (2019: nil) has been made to the investment in subsidiaries. 
The subsidiaries of Open Orphan Plc are as follows: 

Name of Company 
Venn Life Sciences Limited* 
Venn Life Sciences (Ireland) Limited**(2) 
Venn Life Sciences B.V.** 
Venn Life Sciences UK Limited**(1) 
Venn Life Sciences (NI) Limited* 
Venn Life Sciences (Germany) Gmbh * 
Venn Life Science (France) S.A.S.* 
Venn Life Sciences (EDS) B.V.* 
Open Orphan DAC* 
hVIVO Limited* 
hVIVO Services Limited** 
hVIVO INC** 

Country of Registration 
Ireland 
Ireland 
Netherlands 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
Germany 
France 
Netherlands 
Ireland 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
USA 

Nature of Business 
Intermediate holding company 
Group Service company 
Clinical Research Organisation 
Clinical Research Organisation 
Clinical Research Organisation 
Clinical Research Organisation 
Data Management & randomisation Systems 
Pre-clinical & early clinical Research Organisation 
Data Platform of Rare diseases 
Intermediate holding company 
Clinical development services      
Sales & Marketing services 

*100% Direct Ordinary Shareholding; **100% Indirect Ordinary shareholding 

(1) Company dissolved post year end; (2) Company in process of being dissolved post year end. 

All the subsidiaries are included in the consolidation. The proportions of voting shares held by the parent Company do not differ from 
the proportion of Ordinary Shares held. 

18b. Investments in associates 

The group, via its holding in hVIVO Limited, has investments in two associated companies as follows:  

Name of Company 
Imutex Ltd (1) 
PrEP Biopharm Limited (2) 

Country of Registration 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 

Nature of Business 
Clinical development services      
Clinical development services      

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
18b. Investments in associates (Cont’d) 

(1)  hVIVO Limited owns 49% of the Ordinary Shares and the investment is valued at £7,076,000 at 31 December 2020 after adjusting for share of loss in 

2020 of £107,000. 

(2)  hVIVO Limited owns 62.62% of Ordinary Shares and in 2018 the carrying value was fully impaired so the investment has a value of Nil at 31 

December 2020. 

18c. Investments in Integumen Plc 

Shares in undertakings 

At 1 January 

Transfer re Open Orphan PLC 

Sales Proceeds 

Loss on disposal 

At 31 December 

Group 

2020 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Group 

Company 

Company 

2019 

£’000 

- 

597 

(514) 

(83) 

- 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

 - 

Venn Life Sciences Limited ‘s holding in Integumen PLC ordinary shares with a market value of €597k, at the date of the reverse 
takeover, were sold in July 2019 for £514k (net of commission).  

18d. Other impairments of investments 

At 1 January 

Transfer re Open Orphan PLC 

Impairment 

At 31 December 

Group 

2020 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Group 

Company 

Company 

2019 

£’000 

- 

141 

(141) 

- 

2020 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2019 

£’000 

- 

26 

(26) 

 - 

A decision to impair in full some balances transferred from the Venn Group was made due to uncertainty over recoverability. These balances were held in 
Investments (See note 18e below), Trade debtors and Prepayments.  

18e. Investment in Arcis Biotechnology 

Beginning of the year 

Impairment  

End of the year 

Group 

Group 

Company  Company 

2020 

£’000 

- 

- 

2019 

£’000 

26 

(26) 

- 

2020 

£’000 

- 

- 

2019 

£’000 

26 

(26) 

- 

At 2019 year-end a provision was made against the value of the investment, which consisted of a minority shareholding in Arcis 
Biotechnology Holdings Limited, a privately held company operating in the biotechnology industry.  

51 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
19. Financial instruments by category 

(a) Assets 

Group 

2020 

£’000 

Group 

Company  Company 

2019 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

31 December 

Assets as per balance sheet 
Trade and other receivables  

Cash and cash equivalents  

9,462 

19,205 

3,290 

1,037 

10,847 

8,689 

Total 

19,536 
Assets in the analysis above are all categorised as ‘other financial assets at amortised cost’ for the Group and Company. 

28,667 

4,327 

5,452 

421 

5,873 

(b) Liabilities 

31 December 

Liabilities as per balance sheet 
Borrowings 

Lease Liabilities (Note 37) 

Trade and other payables  

Total 

Group 

2020 

£’000 

359 

4,439 

6,376 

11,174 

Group 

Company  Company 

2019 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

1,702 

1,426 

2,229 

5,357 

45 

- 

885 

930 

1,250 

- 

1,357 

2,607 

Liabilities in the analysis above are all categorised as ‘other financial liabilities at amortised cost’ for the Group and Company. 

(c) Credit quality of financial assets 
The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily for trade receivables and other receivables) and from its 
financing  activities,  including  deposits  with  banks  and  financial  institutions,  foreign  exchange  transactions  and  other  financial 
instruments. 

The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk, due to the failure of counter parties to perform their obligations as at 31 December 
2020 and 31 December 2019, in relation to each class of recognised financial assets, is the carrying amount of those assets as indicated 
in the accompanying balance sheets. 

Trade receivables 
The credit quality of trade receivables that are neither past due date nor impaired have been assessed based on historical information 
about the counterparty default rate. The Group does not hold any other receivable balances with customers, whose past default has 
resulted in the non-recovery of the receivables balances. 

Cash at bank  
The credit quality of cash has been assessed by reference to external credit ratings, based on reputable credit agencies’ long-term 
issuer ratings: 

 Rating 
A – AAA 

Sub-A rating 

Total 

2020 

£’000 

19,158 

47 

19,205 

2019 

£’000 

1,032 

5 

1,037 

The balance categorised as Sub-A rating is a deposit held with Allied Irish Banks p.l.c. (Guaranteed by Irish government as key 
shareholder). 

52 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
20. Inventories 

Beginning of the year 

Laboratory and clinical consumables 

Virus – finished goods 

End of the year 

Group 

Group 

Company  Company 

2020 

£’000 

- 

168 

785 

953 

2019 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

£925,000 of stock was acquired by the group on the acquisition of the hVIVO group on 17th January 2020.  

Inventories expensed in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income are shown within Direct Project and 
administrative costs. All inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realisable value in the consolidated statement of 
financial position. No provision against inventories was required during 2020. 

21. Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 

Less: provision for impairment of trade receivables 

Trade receivables – net 

Prepayments and accrued income (Note 35)  

Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings  

Other receivables 

Group 

Group  Company 

Company 

2020 

£’000 

6,143 

- 

6,143 

2,064 

- 

1,599 

9,806 

2019 

£’000 

1,573 

- 

1,573 

1,711 

2020 

£’000 

- 
- 

- 
112 

- 

10,778 

331 

70 

3,615 

10,960 

2019 

£’000 

- 
- 

- 
73 

5,014 

442 

5,529 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value.  
The carrying amounts of the Group’s trade and other receivables denominated in foreign currencies were as follows: 

UK Sterling 

Euros 

22. Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 

Group  Company  Company 

2020 

£’000 

5,481 

4,325 

9,806 

2019 

£’000 

76 

3,539 

3,615 

2020 

£’000 

2,756 

8,204 

10,960 

2019 

£’000 

391 

5,138 

5,529 

Cash and cash equivalents include the following for the purposes of the statement of cash flows: 

Cash at bank and on hand 

Cash and cash equivalents (excluding bank overdrafts) 

Group 

2020 

£’000 

19,205 

19,205 

Group  Company  Company 

2019 

£’000 

1,037 

1,037 

2020 

£’000 

8,689 

8,689 

2019 

£’000 

421 

421 

The Group’s cash and cash equivalents are held in non-interest-bearing accounts. The Directors consider that the carrying amount of 
cash and cash equivalents approximates to their fair value. 

53 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
23. Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings 

Social security and other taxes 

Other payables * 

Accrued expenses and deferred income 

Group 

Group 

Company  Company 

2020 

£’000 

4,954 

- 

446 

301 

15,697 

21,398 

2019 

£’000 

507 

- 

562 

347 

1,603 

3,019 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

72 

543 

- 

64 

206 

885 

33 

964 

- 

92 

270 

1,359 

£2,000 of other payables are due after one year after year end 2020 (2019: £42,000). All other balances are due within 1 year. 

24. Deferred income tax 

Deferred tax balances were as follows: 

Deferred tax liabilities were made up as follows: 

Accelerated tax depreciation 

Group 

Group 

Company  Company 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

32 

32 

41 

41 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Deferred tax assets 
Deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits 
is probable. There was no deferred tax asset recognised for the Company. The gross movement on the deferred income tax account 
is as follows: 

At 1 January 

Transfer re Open Orphan PLC 

Income statement movement (note 13) 

At 31 December 

25. Borrowings 

Current – falling due within 1 year 
Loan Notes 
Convertible debenture securities(“CDS”) 

Invoice Discounting 

 Total borrowings 

Group 

Group 

Company  Company 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

41 

- 

(9) 

32 

- 

108 

(67) 

41 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Group 

Group 

Company  Company 

2020 

£’000 

45 
314 

- 

2019 

£’000 

1,250 
297 

156 

359 

1,703 

2020 

£’000 

45 
- 

- 

45 

2019 

£’000 

1,250 
- 

- 

1,250 

The Company and Group do not have bank borrowings. All Borrowings due within one year. 

Venn Life Sciences Limited entered into an invoice discounting arrangement with Capital Flow in November 2018 to help 
improve cash flow for that company.  The facility was repaid in full by end of June 2020 and fully closed by end of August 2020.  

54 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
25. Borrowings (Cont’d) 

Therefore, at 31 December 2020 a balance of nil (2019: €156k) had been drawn down from Capital Flow. Capital flow released 
the registered fixed and floating charge over the trade debtors balance in Venn Life Sciences Limited on closure of the facility. 

Loan Notes for £1m issued on 11 December 2018 with a two-year term and a 10% coupon rate were available for redemption in 
Dec 2020. All but one loan note for £45k was redeemed by 31 Dec 2020. The final loan note was redeemed in February 2021. 

Loan Notes for £250k issued on 6 April 2019 with a 13-month term and an 8% coupon rate were redeemed in full in March 2020. 

There are 2 remaining Convertible debenture securities holders and they are entitled to interest of 7% per annum on their 
securities. Neither of these CDS holders chose to convert their securities into Ordinary shares in Open Orphan DAC at the time of 
the reverse takeover of the Venn Group in June 2019. Consequently, these CDS holdings can be redeemed by the company at 
any time from June 2020 up to March 2022. Following reverse acquisition, the holders lost their right to convert. 

26. Share capital 

668,052,261 (2019 – 254,572,567) Ordinary shares of £0.001  

62,833,339 (2019 – 62,833,339) Deferred shares of £0.001 

Total 

Group 

Group  Company  Company 

2020 

£’000 

668 

63 

731 

2019 

£’000 

254 

63 

317 

2020 

£’000 

668 

63 

731 

2019 

£’000 

254 

63 

317 

Deferred shares have no rights to income, capital or voting and the Company has the right to acquire all such shares for an aggregate 
price of £1. 

During the year the Company issued 413,479,694 shares.: 

191,049,807  £0.068/share 
86,885,253  £0.061/share 
16,897,031  £0.001/Share 
1,653,214  £0.022/Share 
2,172,565  £0.02/Share 
114,821,824  £0.11/Share 

27. Other reserves 

Group and Company 

Share Premium  

Share premium is the difference between the nominal value of share capital and the actual cash received on fund-raising less 
any costs associated with the fund-raising. 

Merger Reserves 

This includes reverse acquisition reverse  which resulted from the reverse acquisition of Venn Life Sciences Holdings Plc by Open 
Orphan DAC on 28 June 2019. See note 2 (d). Also includes a Group re-organisation reserve relating to previous re-organisation of 
the Old Venn Group. 

Foreign Currency Reserve 

The presentation currency of the group became GBP£ in 2020. Previously the presentation currency was Euro. (See note  38). This 
reserve arises from the translation of the opening balance sheet balances from Euro to GBP£ and also from the translation of the 
subsidiaries which are denominated in Euro into GBP£ on consolidation.  

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
27. Other reserves (Cont’d) 

The Euro denominated subsidiaries are Venn Life Sciences Limited, Venn Life Sciences (Ireland) Ltd, Venn Life Sciences Germany GmbH, 
Venn Life Sciences France S.A.S, Venn Life Sciences B.V, Venn Life Sciences E.D. B.V. and Open Orphan DAC.  Hence the Foreign Currency 
Reserve arises. 

Share Option Reserve 

A share option reserve of £151,000 was created in June 2019, prior to the reverse takeover of Venn Life Sciences Holdings PLC by OO 
DAC, in relation to the share options and warrants issued in June 2019. A further provision of £102,000 was made after the reverse 
takeover in 2019. In 2020 a provision of £240,000 was made. 

Retained Earnings 

For Group and Company, retained earnings brought forward reflect the retained earnings of OO DAC prior to the reverse takeover of 
Venn Life Sciences Holdings PLC by OO DAC plus the combined earnings of OO DAC and Venn Life Sciences Holdings PLC (now renamed 
Open Orphan PLC) from date of reverse acquisition on 26th June 2019 to year end 2019. 

For Group and Company, earnings for the current year reflect the earnings of Open Orphan Plc including Open Orphan DAC for the full 
year plus the earnings of hVIVO Group from date of acquisition 17th January 2020 to year end 2020. 

28. Cash used in operations 

Loss before income tax 

Adjustments for: 

– Depreciation and amortisation (Note 6) 

– Foreign currency translation of net assets 

– Exceptional Items (Note 7) 

– Net finance costs/(Income) (Note 12) 

– Share Based Payment charge (Note 32) 

– R & D Credit incl. in other Income 

– Share of Imutex loss (Note 18.b) 

Changes in working capital 

– Losses/Impairments on Investments (Note 18c/18d) 

– Lease Payments (Note 37) 

– Transfer re Open Orphan PLC 

– (Increase)/Decrease Trade and other receivables 

– (Increase)/Decrease Inventories 

– (Decrease)/Increase Trade and other payables 

Net cash used in operations 

29. Related Party Disclosures  

Group 

2020 

£’000 

(11,163) 

Group 

Company 

Company 

2019 

£’000 

(5,824) 

2020 

£’000 

2019 

£’000 

(1,891) 

(1,629) 

2,052 

2,125 

374 

240 

(778) 

107 

- 

(1,999) 

(2,800) 

(28) 

14,410 

2,540 

627 

97 

711 

350 

102 

- 

224 

(270) 

1,857 

- 

(637) 

(2,763) 

- 

- 

867 

(651) 

50 

- 

22 

- 

- 

(4,491) 

- 

(474) 

(6,568) 

- 

37 

711 

(346) 

102 

- 

26 

- 

(1,655) 

- 

- 

- 

(2,754) 

Directors 
Directors’ emoluments are set out in the Report of the Remuneration Committee Report. 

Key management compensation for the year was as follows: 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
29. Related Party Disclosures (Cont’d) 

Aggregate emoluments  

Employer contribution to pension scheme 

Key management includes the Directors only. 

2020 

€’000 

576 

20 

596 

2019 

€’000 

326 

13 

339 

Group 
On 10 November 2016 the group signed a contract worth €2.5m with Sedana Medical AB ("Sedana Medical").  
The then CEO of Sedana Medical, Michael Ryan, was also a director of Venn Life Sciences at that time. Accordingly, Michael Ryan 
was a related party of Venn Life Sciences as defined in the AIM Rules and ESM Rules. As a result, the contract is treated as a "related 
party transaction" under the AIM Rules and the ESM Rules.   

The Independent Directors, at that date, being Allan Wood, Anthony Richardson, Jonathan Hartshorn, Gracielle Schutjens, Cornelius 
Groen, Paul Kennedy and Mary Sheahan, who are not related parties under the AIM Rules and ESM Rules for the purpose of the 
contract, having consulted with Davy, the Company's NOMAD and ESM adviser, for the purpose of the AIM Rules and ESM Rules, 
considered the contract to be fair and reasonable insofar as the shareholders of the Company are concerned. Michael Ryan did not 
take part in the Board's consideration of these matters. Michael Ryan resigned as a director on 17th January 2020. 

Executive Group Chairman, Cathal Friel, held a share of £108,642 of the £1m loan note issued in December 2018 through his 
pension vehicle. This loan note was redeemed in full in December 2020. Cathal Friel also held all of the £250,000 loan note issued in 
April 2019. This loan note was redeemed in full in April 2020. Gross Loan note interest of £15,000 (2019: £25,000) was due in 2020. 
All loan note interest was paid on redemption. Cathal Friel is also a director of Raglan Road Capital Ltd which rents office space and 
provides advisory and office related services to Open Orphan DAC (2020 charge €108,000; 2019 charge €97,000). Balance owed by 
Group to Raglan Road Capital Ltd at year end 2020 was €3,780 (2019: €324,204).  

There were no other related party transactions during the year. 

The Company 

During the year the Company absorbed net management charges of €324,475 (2019 – £337,923) from its subsidiaries. At 31 
December 2020 the Company was owed €10,234,000 (2019 – £4,420,000) by its subsidiaries. 

30. Capital commitments 

The Group had no capital commitments at 31 December 2020 or at 31 December 2019.  

31. Discontinued Operations 

A decision to close the clinical operations division across Europe was made during 2020 and Venn Life Sciences (NI) Ltd, Venn 
Life Sciences B.V. and Venn Life Sciences Germany GmbH have consequently ceased to trade from 1 January 2021 onwards. 
Arrangements to dissolve these companies and other dormant companies Venn Life Sciences UK Ltd and Venn Life Sciences 
(Ireland) Ltd will be undertaken over the course of 2021. There were no discontinued operations during 2019. 

32. Share options and warrants 

The Group has share option plans under which it grants share options to certain Directors and senior management of the Group. 

Some share options have vested. Some share options have been forfeited as a result of the Director or employee leaving the Group 
before options vested. 

57 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
32. Share options and warrants (Cont’d) 
Number of outstanding share options remaining at 31 December 2020: 

Date of Grant 

# Options at  
01/01/2020 

Options Transferred 
from hVIVO Ltd 

# of Options 
Exercised 

# of Options 
Forfeited 

# Options at 
31/12/2020 

28/01/2015 
14/09/2017 
28/06/2019 
17/01/2020 
Total 

1,680,000 
3,310,000 
7,716,964 
- 
12,706,964 

- 
- 
- 
3,742,147 
3,742,147 

- 
- 
- 
2,172,565 
2,172,565 

1,400,000 
3,310,000 
- 
50,435 
4.760.435 

280,000 
- 
7,716,964 
1,519,147 
9,516,111 

The weighted-average exercise price of all options outstanding at year end is 5.2p and weighted-average remaining contractual life is 
2.6 years. 

The pricing and vesting criteria of the share options in existence at 31 December 2020 are as follows: 

In relation to the Options granted in 2015: 

Options in issue 31/12/2020 
Exercise price (in equal thirds when price 25p/35p/45p)  
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend 
Contractual life 
Risk free rate  
Estimated fair value of each option 

In relation to the Options granted in 2019: 

Options in issue 31/12/2020  
Exercise price  
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend 
Contractual life 
Risk free interest rate  
Estimated fair value of each option 

In relation to the Options granted in 2020: 

Options in issue 31/12/2020  
Exercise price  
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend 
Contractual life 
Risk free interest rate  
Estimated fair value of each option 

280,000 
13p 
28% 
0% 
2.5 years 
95% 
£0.00 

7,716,964 
5.6p 
60% 
0% 
3.5 years 
1.84% 
£0.02 

1,519,147 
2p 
72.8% 
0% 
2 years 
0.57% 
£0.04 

Charge for year was €240,000 (2019 – £102,000). The shares granted in 2020 resulted from the exchanging of hVIVO Plc options for 
Open Orphan plc options when the acquisition of the hVIVO group occurred in January 2020.  

A share option reserve (£151,000) was created before the reverse takeover by Open Orphan DAC in 2019 in relation to the shares and 
warrants granted in June 2019.  A further charge was made of €102,000 to year end 2019 bringing total reserve to £253,000.  

The share options granted in 2015 have no value given the vesting conditions when issued. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
32. Share options and warrants (Cont’d) 

The Company has used the Black Scholes model to value the options at 31 December 2020. This method simulates a range of 
possible future share price scenarios and calculates the average of net present value of the option across those scenarios and 
which  captures  the  effect  of  the  market-based  performance  conditions  applying  to  such  awards.  The  expected  volatility  was 
calculated with refence to historic share price movements. 

Warrants  

4,185,248 warrants existed at 31 December 2020 (2019: 6,744,500).  

166,666 warrants were granted on 7 June 2011 and exercisable from the date of grant to 6 June 2021. The exercise price was €0.353 
(30p) per ordinary share under warrant.  

853,709 warrants were granted on 11 December 2018 and are exercisable from the date of grant to 10 December 2023. The exercise 
price is 0.1p per ordinary share under warrant. 1,557,731 warrants were granted on 11 December 2018 and are exercisable from the 
date of grant to 10 December 2023. The exercise price is 2.2p per ordinary share under warrant.  

1,607,142 warrants were granted on 28 June 2019 and are exercisable from the date of grant to 27 June 2024. The exercise price was 
5.6p per ordinary share under warrant.  

33. Other operating income 

Other operating income represents government grants received to fund Research and Development activities around the group. 
Other income includes £0.8 million (2019: nil) accrued in respect of a Research and Development Expenditure Credit (“RDEC”) 
claim for 2020 by the Company, hVIVO Services Limited,  which classifies such RDEC claims as a government grant where 
amounts receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred are recognised in the statement of comprehensive 
income in the period in which they become receivable.  

34. Post balance sheet events 

The following events have taken place since the year end: 

a)  Open Orphan plc (on a stand-alone basis) successfully received the appropriate Court approval on 19 May 2021 to complete a 
reduction in in capital. The reduction was intended to enable a Distribution in Specie, as part of the proposed spin-out of certain 
non-core Development IP Assets, but also to make other distributions to Shareholders and/or buy back its own Open Orphan 
Ordinary Shares in the future if and when the Directors may consider that it is appropriate to do so.  

b)  For  the  purposes  of  a  proposed  spin-out  of  certain  non-core  Development  IP  Assets,  a  new  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Orph 

Pharma IP Company Limited ("Orph Pharma"), was registered in April 2021.  

c)  On 14 June 2021, the Group announced its intention to make a distribution in specie of the entire issued share capital of its 
wholly-owned subsidiary Orph Pharma IP Company Limited to Poolbeg Pharma Limited ("Poolbeg"), in return for the issue of 
new shares by Poolbeg ("Poolbeg Shares") to shareholders of Open Orphan on the register at close of business on 17 June 2021. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
35.  Revenue, Assets and Liabilities related to contracts with customers 

(a)  Clinical Development Services 

The group carries out its activities through hVIVO Services Limited in the United Kingdom. All revenue from contracts with 
customers is derived from activities undertaken in the UK. 

During the period ended 31 December 2020, the Company had four customers who each generated revenue greater than 10% 
of total revenue which was £13m. These customers generated 27%, 24%, 16% and 16% of revenue respectively.  

£1.8 million of revenue from contracts with customers recognised during the year was included in the opening balance of 
contract liabilities on acquisition of the group.  

The value of contract liabilities has increased from £1.9 million on acquisition to £14.5 million at 31 December 2020. Contract 
assets have increased from £0.2 million on acquisition to £0.8 million at 31 December 2020. 

Net accrued income, related to contracts with customers in CDS 

Net Accrued Income brought forward 

 Net Accrued Income acquired on acquisition of hVIVO group 
Movement in the period: 
- 

arising from a change in the measure of progress  

Net Accrued Income as at 31 December 2020 

Split: 
Accrued Income 

Deferred Income 

Net Accrued Income  

2020 

Total 

£’000 

- 

(1,689) 

(12,014) 

(13,703) 

821 

(14,524) 

(13,703) 

The majority of the contract liabilities balance is expected to be recognised within six months, as follows:  
Analysis of expected realisation of revenue within contract liabilities 

Within six months 
Between six months and one year 
After one year 

31 December 
2020 
£’000 
14,469 
55 
— 

14,524    

Generally, contract milestones are timed so as to result in invoicing occurring in advance, prior to the satisfaction of performance 
obligations.  Therefore,  projects  that  are  in  progress  are  typically  in  a  contract  liability  position.  Performance  obligations  of 
contracts with customers are satisfied on the delivery of study data to the customer along with a final study report. Due to the 
nature of the business there are no warranties or refunds expected or provided for. Contractual payment terms are typically 30 
to 45 days from date of invoice. 

The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a 
portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated. The Company’s data and intellectual property may be made available to 
the client but solely to the extent that this is necessary to the satisfaction of the client contract. This is not considered a distinct 
performance obligation but an obligation in conjunction with the client study. Therefore, the full transaction price is allocated to 
performing the client study.   

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
35.  Revenue, Assets and Liabilities related to contracts with customers (Cont’d) 

The Company is using the practical expedient not to adjust the amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing 
component due to the fact that the period between when the promised services are transferred and when the customer pays 
for the service is less than twelve months. The entity does not, in the normal course of business, incur incremental costs to 
obtain a contract and has therefore not recognised any assets in this regard. 

(b)  Clinical Research Organisation 

The group derives revenues from external customers from the provision of Clinical consulting services and drug development 
services split into various service offerings across various geographical regions. 

Venn Life Sciences E.D B. V, based in Breda in the Netherlands, provides Early clinical, Non-Clinical and CMC services to a wide 
variety of customers and revenue in 2020 was £5m. 

Venn Life Sciences France S.A.S, based in Paris, France and Venn Life Sciences Ltd, based in Ireland, provide Data management, 
Bio Statistics, Medical Methodology and Randomisation services. Revenue in 2020 was £2m. 

Venn Life Sciences Germany GmbH, Venn Life Sciences NI Ltd and Venn Life Sciences B.V. based in Germany, Northern Ireland 
and the Netherlands respectively, provided clinical services in 2020 with combined Revenue of £0.6m but as per Note 31 a 
decision to close the Clinical operations across the group was taken in H1 2020 and these companies are no longer trading in 
2021.  

Net accrued income, related to contracts with customers in CRO 

Net Accrued Income brought forward 

Net Accrued Income acquired on acquisition of Venn Life Sciences group 
Movement in the period: 
- 

arising from a change in the measure of progress  

Net Accrued Income carried forward 

Split: 
Accrued Income 

Deferred Income 

Net Accrued Income  

2020 

Total 

£’000 

601 

- 

(219) 

382 

900 

(518) 

382 

2019 

Total 

£’000 

- 

1,571 

(970) 

601 

1,389 

(788) 

601 

The costs incurred to obtain or fulfil a contract which has been recognised as contract assets have been determined with 
reference to labour hours incurred to the period end as a percentage of the total estimated labour hours to complete specified 
performance obligations as stipulated by the relevant contracts. Contract assets are not amortised as they are of a short- term 
nature. 

36. Pensions  

The Group operates a number of defined contribution pension schemes whose assets are held separately from those of the 
Group in independently administered funds. The pension charge represents contributions payable by the Group and amounted 
to £861,000 for the year (year ended 31 December 2019: £278,000). Contributions totalling £25,000 were payable to the funds 
at the year end and are included within trade and other payables (31 December 2019: £36,000).  

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
37. Leases  

Amounts recognised in the statement of financial position

As at 1 January 2020 
Transfer from hVIVO Group 
New Leases Acquired 
Depreciation expense (Note 6)
Interest expense (Note 12)
Payments (Note 28)
Exchange differences 
As at 31 December 2020 

Current 
Non-current 

Maturity of leases 

Current - Within one year 
Non-Current – Between one to two years 
Non-Current – Between two to five years 

Right of use assets
£’000

Lease liabilities
£’000

1,311
3,051 
1,479 
(1,684)
—
—
73 
4,230 

— 
4,230 

1,427
3,213 
1,479 
—
243 
(1,999)
76 
4,439 

2,245 
2,194 

31 December   
2020   
£’000  
2,245  
1,510  
684  
4,439  

Short-term Lease payments expensed in year ended 31/12/20: £25,000 (2019: £17,000). 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open Orphan Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 
38. Presentation Currency change 

As specified in Note 1 and 2, the Board decided to change the presentation currency of the Group from Euro (€) to pounds Sterling 
(£) in 2020,  given the increased weighting of the UK operations in the  Financial Statements as a result of the merger between 
Open Orphan plc and hVIVO plc in January 2020. As a result of this change the Company has restated the comparative period as 
follows: 

Group 

Group  

Company 

Company  

2019 
GBP£’000 

2019 
EUR€’000 

2019 
GBP£’000 

2019 
EUR€’000 

Assets 
Non-current assets  
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment  
Investment in associates 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Right of Use Asset 
Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Current Tax recoverable 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 
Total assets 
Equity attributable to owners  
Share capital 
Share premium account 
Merger reserves 
Foreign currency reserves 
Share option reserve 
Retained earnings 
Total equity 
Liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Provisions 
Total non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Deferred taxation 
Lease liabilities 
Borrowings 

Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities 
Total equity and liabilities 

2,875 
190 
- 
- 
1,311 
4,376 

- 
3,615 
12 
1,037 
4,664 
9,040 

317 
15,214 
(6,856) 
1,124 
253 
(7,202) 
2,850 

42 
983 
- 
1,025 

2,977 
41 
444 
1,703 

5,165 

6,190 
9,040 

3,380 
223 
- 
- 
1,541 
5,144 

- 
4,250 
14 
1,219 
5,483 
10,627 

372 
19,041 
(8,060) 
(102) 
298 
(8,199) 
3,350 

49 
1,156 
- 
1,205 

3,500 
48 
522 
2,002 

6,072 

7,277 
10,627 

- 
- 
- 
8,195 
- 
8,195 

- 
5,529 
- 
421 
5,950 
14,145 

317 
15,214 
(2,241) 
1,085 
253 
(3,092) 
11,536 

- 
- 
- 
- 

1,359 
- 
- 
1,250 

2,609 

2,609 
14,145 

- 
- 
- 
9,634 
- 
9,634 

- 
6,500 
- 
495 
6,995 
16,629 

372 
19,041 
(2,635) 
- 
298 
(3,513) 
13,563 

- 
- 
- 
- 

1,597 
- 
- 
1,469 

3,066 

3,066 
16,629 

63