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Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc.

ormp · NASDAQ Healthcare
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FY2023 Annual Report · Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-35813

ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)

1185 Avenue of the Americas, Third Floor, New York, NY
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

98-0376008
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

10036
(Zip Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

844-967-2633
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $0.012

Trading symbol
ORMP

  Name of each exchange on which registered
  Nasdaq Capital Market, Tel Aviv Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None.
(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐      No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐     No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒      No ☐

Yes ☒      No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an
emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  “large  accelerated  filer,”  “accelerated  filer,”  “smaller  reporting  company”  and  “emerging  growth
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer

☐
☒

Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

☐
☒
☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new
or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control
over  financial  reporting  under  Section  404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  U.S.C.  7262(b))  by  the  registered  public  accounting  firm  that  prepared  or
issued its audit report. ☐

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the
filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received
by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

Yes ☐      No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently
completed second fiscal quarter was $130,525,522 based on a price of $3.58, being the last price at which the shares of the registrant’s common stock were
sold on the Nasdaq Capital Market prior to the end of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

As of March 6, 2024, the registrant had 40,519,160 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Introduction and Use of Certain Terms
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

PART II

PART III

PART IV

ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM IB. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL

DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED

STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

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INTRODUCTION AND USE OF CERTAIN TERMS

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” and “Oramed” mean Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and

our wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated. All dollar amounts refer to U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated.

On December 31, 2023, the exchange rate between the New Israeli Shekel, or NIS, and the dollar, as quoted by the Bank of Israel, was NIS 3.627
to $1.00. Unless indicated otherwise by the context, statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that provide the dollar equivalent of NIS amounts or
provide the NIS equivalent of dollar amounts are based on such exchange rate.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of
the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws and the Israeli securities law. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,”
“intends,” “plans,” “planned expenditures,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify
forward-looking statements, but are not deemed to represent an all-inclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements as denoted in this Annual
Report  on  Form  10-K.  Additionally,  statements  concerning  future  matters  are  forward-looking  statements.  We  remind  readers  that  forward-looking
statements are merely predictions and therefore inherently subject to uncertainties and other factors and involve known and unknown risks that could cause
the actual results, performance, levels of activity, or our achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance,
levels  of  activity,  or  our  achievements,  or  industry  results,  expressed  or  implied  by  such  forward-looking  statements.  Such  forward-looking  statements
appear in “Item 1. Business” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as elsewhere
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and include, among other statements, statements regarding the following:

● our comprehensive analysis of data from our ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial and plans to move forward with a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical

trial to be submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA;

● our plan to evaluate potential strategic opportunities;

● our ability to recover the proceeds and/or collateral under the Note (as defined herein) and related agreements from Scilex Holding Company,

or Scilex;

● the fluctuating market price and liquidity and the common stock of Scilex underlying the warrants;

● the possibility that the anticipated benefits of the Transaction (as defined herein) are not realized when expected or at all, including as a result
of the impact of, or problems arising from, the ability of Scilex to repay the Note and the ability of the Company to realize the value of the
warrants;

● the ability of Oramed, Hefei Tianhui Biotech Co., Ltd., or HTIT Biotech, and Technowl Limited to reach agreement and enter into additional
agreements within a three-month period of the signing of the JV Agreement (as defined herein), and the ability of the parties to succeed in the
goals set out for the joint venture;

● our exposure to potential litigation;

● our ability to enhance value for our stockholders;

● the expected development and potential benefits from our products;

● the prospects of entering into additional license agreements, or other partnerships or forms of cooperation with other companies or medical

institutions;

● future milestones, conditions and royalties under our license agreements;

● the potential of the Oravax Medical Inc., or Oravax, vaccine to protect against the coronavirus, or COVID-19, pandemic;

ii

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
● our  research  and  development  plans,  including  preclinical  and  clinical  trials  plans  and  the  timing  of  enrollment,  obtaining  results  and

conclusion of trials;

● our belief that our technology has the potential to deliver medications and vaccines orally that today can only be delivered via injection;

● the competitive ability of our technology based on product efficacy, safety, patient convenience, reliability, value and patent position;

● the potential market demand for our products;

● our ability to obtain patent protection for our intellectual property;

● our expectation that our research and development expenses will continue to be our major expenditure;

● our expectations regarding our short- and long-term capital requirements;

● our outlook for the coming months and future periods, including but not limited to our expectations regarding future revenue and expenses;

and

● information with respect to any other plans and strategies for our business.

Although forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements
can only be based on facts and factors known by us at the time of such statements. Consequently, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks
and uncertainties and actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and outcomes discussed in or anticipated by the forward-looking
statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include, without limitation, those discussed herein, including
those risks described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and expressed from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or
SEC. In addition, historic results of scientific research, clinical and preclinical trials do not guarantee that the conclusions of future research or trials would
not suggest different conclusions. Also, historic results referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could be interpreted differently in light of additional
research, clinical and preclinical trials results. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of
the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements in
order to reflect any event or circumstance that may arise after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers are urged to carefully review and
consider the various disclosures made throughout the entirety of this Annual Report on Form 10-K which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks
and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

iii

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

Description of Business

PART I

We are a pharmaceutical company engaged in the research and development of innovative pharmaceutical solutions with a technology platform

that allows for the oral delivery of therapeutic proteins.

We  have  developed  an  oral  dosage  form  intended  to  withstand  the  harsh  environment  of  the  stomach  and  effectively  deliver  active  biological
insulin  or  other  proteins.  The  excipients  in  the  formulation  are  not  intended  to  modify  the  proteins  chemically  or  biologically,  and  the  dosage  form  is
designed to be safe to ingest.

On  January  11,  2023,  we  announced  that  the  ORA-D-013-1  Phase  3  trial  did  not  meet  its  primary  or  secondary  endpoints.  As  a  result,  we
terminated this trial and a parallel Phase 3, ORA-D-013-2 clinical trial. In 2023, we completed an analysis of the data from the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial
and found that subpopulations of patients with pooled specific parameters, such as body mass index, or BMI, baseline HbA1c and age, responded well to
oral  insulin.  Based  on  this  analysis,  we  are  working  on  a  protocol  for  a  new  Phase  3  clinical  trial  to  be  submitted  to  the  FDA.  We  are  additionally
examining our existing pipeline and have commenced an evaluation process of potential strategic opportunities, with the goal of enhancing value for our
stockholders.

Scilex Transaction

On August  7,  2023,  we  entered  into  a  Stock  Purchase  Agreement,  as  subsequently  amended  on  August  9,  2023  and  August  21,  2023,  or  the
Sorrento SPA, with Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., or Sorrento, to acquire certain equity securities of Scilex owned by Sorrento, or the Purchased Securities,
for a purchase price of $105 million. Sorrento and its affiliated debtor, Scintilla Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Scintilla and together with Sorrento, the Debtors,
are in Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings.

On August 9, 2023, we entered into a Senior Secured, Super-Priority Debtor-in-Possession Loan and Security Agreement, or the Senior DIP Loan
Agreement,  with  the  Debtors  in  the  principal  amount  of  $100  million,  which  included  a  non-refundable  closing  fee  of  $450,000  paid  in  full  out  of  the
proceeds. This amount was subsequently drawn in full by the Debtors and was intended to be used by us as a credit for the consideration for the Purchased
Securities, with an additional $5,000,000 in cash to be paid by us at closing. Thereafter, we and Sorrento continued discussions and negotiations relating to
the sale contemplated under the Sorrento SPA.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On September 21, 2023, or the Closing Date, we entered into and consummated the transactions, or, collectively, the Transaction, contemplated by
a Securities Purchase Agreement, or the Scilex SPA, with Scilex and Acquiom Agency Services LLC. Pursuant to the Scilex SPA, in exchange for Scilex
assuming  Sorrento’s  outstanding  obligations  under  the  Senior  DIP  Loan  Agreement,  or  the  DIP  Assumption,  and  for  the  ability  to  credit  the  amounts
assumed under the DIP Assumption in exchange for certain equity securities of Scilex owned by Sorrento, Scilex (i) issued to us (A) a Senior Secured
Promissory Note due 18 months from the date of issuance in the principal amount of $101,875,000, or the Note, which includes accrued and unpaid interest
of $875,000 under the Senior DIP Loan Agreement and $1,000,000 of fees added to the principal amount of the Note, (B) a warrant to purchase up to an
aggregate of 4,500,000 shares of common stock of Scilex, par value $0.0001 per share, or the Scilex Common Stock, and containing certain restrictions on
exercisability,  or  the  Closing  Penny  Warrant,  and  (C)  warrants  to  purchase  up  to  an  aggregate  of  8,500,000  shares  of  Scilex  Common  Stock,  or  the
Subsequent Penny Warrants, and, together with the Closing Penny Warrant, the Penny Warrants, each with an exercise price of $0.01 per share and each
with  certain  restrictions  on  exercisability,  and  (ii)  caused  certain  outstanding  warrants  to  purchase  up  to  an  aggregate  of  4,000,000  shares  of  Scilex
Common Stock with an exercise price of $11.50 per share to be transferred to us, or the Transferred Warrants and together with the Penny Warrants, the
Warrants. In addition, on the Closing Date, Scilex reimbursed $1,910,000 of the Company’s Transaction expenses pursuant to the Scilex SPA.

Pursuant to the terms of the Scilex SPA, Scilex agreed to certain restrictions on additional issuances of equity securities. In connection with the
Transaction, we and Sorrento mutually agreed to terminate the Sorrento SPA and to release all claims we and Sorrento may have against one another, and
Scilex completed the acquisition of the Purchased Securities.

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior Secured Promissory Note

The Note matures on March 21, 2025 or upon an uncured event of default, subject to certain mandatory prepayments, and bears interest at a rate
per annum equal to Term SOFR (as defined in the Note) plus 8.5% (subject to a Term SOFR floor of 4.0%), to be paid in-kind, by being capitalized and
added to the principal amount of the Note on a monthly basis. The Scilex SPA provides for principal payments of (i) $5 million on December 21, 2023, (ii)
$15 million on March 21, 2024, and (iii) $20 million on each of June 21, 2024, September 21, 2024, and December 21, 2024, and for the entire remaining
principal balance of the Note to be paid on March 21, 2025. If the Note is not repaid in full on or prior to March 21, 2024, an exit fee equal to $3,056,250
shall be payable upon repayment of the Note in full.

The  Note  constitutes  senior  secured  indebtedness  of  Scilex  and  is  guaranteed  by  all  existing  or  future  formed,  direct  and  indirect,  domestic
subsidiaries of Scilex and is secured by a first priority security interest in and liens on all of the assets of Scilex, subject to customary and mutually agreed
permitted liens and except for certain specified exemptions.

Mandatory  prepayments  under  the  Note  are  required  following  the  earlier  of  (a)  April  1,  2024  and  (b)  the  date  upon  which  certain  of  Scilex’s
outstanding  indebtedness  is  repaid  in  full.  Voluntary  prepayments  may  be  made  at  Scilex’s  discretion;  provided  that,  if  made  prior  to  the  one-year
anniversary of the Closing Date, Scilex will also be required to pay a customary 50% interest make-whole on the portion of the Note so prepaid.

The Note includes customary events of default, upon which the Note will bear interest at a default rate of Term SOFR plus 15.0%, which shall be
payable in-kind, by being capitalized and added to the principal amount of the Note on a monthly basis. If the Note is accelerated upon an event of default,
Scilex is required to repay the principal amount of the Note at a mandatory default rate of 125% of such principal amount (together with 100% of accrued
and unpaid interest thereon and all other amounts due in respect of the Note).

Until the obligations under the Note are repaid in full, we have the right to designate one non-voting observer, to attend meetings of the board of

directors and committees of Scilex and its subsidiaries. Currently, David Silberman, our Chief Financial Officer, is the observer.

Pursuant to the terms of the Scilex SPA, we received the first principal payment of $5 million on December 21, 2023. The next principal payment

in the amount of $15 million is expected to be paid on March 21, 2024.

Warrants

The Closing Penny Warrant will be exercisable upon the earliest of (i) March 14, 2025, (ii) the date on which the Note has been repaid in full and
(iii)  the  Management  Sale  Trigger  Date  (as  defined  therein),  if  any,  and  will  expire  on  the  date  that  is  the  fifth  anniversary  of  the  issuance  date.  For
purposes of the Closing Penny Warrant (as well as the Subsequent Penny Warrants), the Management Sale Trigger Date is generally the first date that either
Dr.  Henry  Ji,  Scilex’s  Executive  Chairperson,  or  Mr.  Jaisim  Shah,  Scilex’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  President  and  a  member  of  Scilex’s  Board  of
Directors, engages in certain sales or other similar transfers of shares of Scilex Common Stock or other of Scilex’s or any of its subsidiaries’ securities,
subject  to  certain  exceptions  as  are  customary  for  lock-up  agreements  executed  by  directors  and  officers  in  connection  with  financings  or  similar
transactions. The exercise price of the Closing Penny Warrant is $0.01 per share, subject to adjustment.

We were issued four Subsequent Penny Warrants, each for 2,125,000 shares of Scilex Common Stock, which shall vest and become exercisable on
the date that is the later of (i) March 19, 2024, June 17, 2024, September 15, 2024 or December 14, 2024, respectively, or the Subsequent Penny Warrant
Vesting Date, and (ii) the earliest of (A) March 14, 2025, (B) the date on which the Note has been repaid in full and (C) the Management Sale Trigger Date
(as defined therein), if any. Each Subsequent Penny Warrant will expire on the date that is the fifth anniversary of the issuance date; provided that, if the
Note is repaid in full prior to the Subsequent Penny Warrant Vesting Date applicable to such Subsequent Penny Warrant, such Subsequent Penny Warrant
will expire on the date the Note is repaid in full. We may exercise the Penny Warrants by means of a “cashless exercise.”

The Penny Warrants may not be exercised if we, together with our affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 9.9% of the number of shares of
Scilex Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise; provided, that we may increase or decrease such limitation upon 61
days’ prior notice to Scilex.

The Transferred Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq, have an exercise price of $11.50 per share, are fully exercisable, and

expire on November 10, 2027.

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the Scilex SPA, on September 21, 2023, we entered into a registration rights agreement with Scilex, pursuant to which Scilex
granted  us  certain  registration  rights  applicable  to  the  resale  of  the  shares  underlying  the  Warrants  and  agreed  to  pay  liquidated  damages  equal  to  the
product of 2.0% multiplied by the sum of (x) the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Note and (y) the aggregate Exercise Price (as defined in
the Closing Penny Warrant) of the Closing (capped at 12%) of the aggregate subscription amount.

Research and Development

Oral Insulin

Type 2 Diabetes: We conducted the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial on patients with type 2 diabetes, or T2D, with inadequate glycaemic control who
were on two or three oral glucose-lowering agents. The primary endpoint of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of our oral insulin capsule, ORMD-0801,
compared to placebo in improving glycaemic control as assessed by HbA1c, with a secondary efficacy endpoint of assessing the change from baseline in
fasting  plasma  glucose  at  26  weeks.  On  January  11,  2023,  we  announced  that  the  ORA-D-013-1  Phase  3  trial  did  not  meet  its  primary  or  secondary
endpoints. Following the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial, we also terminated the ORA-D-013-2 Phase 3 trial, a second Phase 3 trial that included
T2D patients with inadequate glycaemic control who were attempting to manage their condition with either diet alone or with diet and metformin. In 2023,
we completed an analysis of the data from the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial and found that subpopulations of patients with pooled specific parameters, such
as BMI, baseline HbA1c and age, responded well to oral insulin. These subsets exhibited an over 1% placebo adjusted, statistically significant, reduction in
HbA1c. Based on this analysis, we are working on a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical trial to be submitted to the FDA.

Joint Venture Agreement: On January 22, 2024, Oramed and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Oramed Ltd., entered into a Joint Venture Agreement, or
the JV Agreement, with HTIT Biotech and Technowl Limited, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of HTIT Biotech, or HTIT Sub, and together with HTIT
Biotech, HTIT, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the JV Agreement, the parties will establish a joint venture, or the JV,
based on Oramed’s oral drug delivery technology.

The  JV  will  focus  on  the  development  and  worldwide  commercialization  of  innovative  products  based  on  Oramed’s  oral  insulin  and  POD™
(Protein Oral Delivery) pipeline and HTIT’s manufacturing capabilities and technologies. The parties intend for the JV to use the protocol we are currently
working on to initiate a Phase 3 oral insulin trial in the United States.

Oramed and HTIT will initially hold equal shares in the JV, with each owning 50% of the equity. The board of directors will initially consist of
equal representation from HTIT and Oramed. HTIT will contribute to the JV $70 million in cash, while Oramed will contribute $20 million (comprised of
$10  million  in  cash  and  $10  million  in  shares  of  Oramed  common  stock  that  will  be  subject  to  certain  registration  rights)  and  will  transfer  intellectual
property related to its oral insulin and POD™ technology, as well as other assets in the Oramed pipeline. HTIT will have an option to invest additional
funds into the JV up to an aggregate amount of $20 million, thereby increasing its equity holdings and board representation. Oramed will be entitled to
receive a 3% royalty on gross revenues of the JV generated from Oramed related assets.

The consummation of the JV Agreement is subject to and contingent upon the parties entering into additional agreements within a three-month
period,  including  an  asset  transfer  agreement  for  the  transfer  of  Oramed’s  intellectual  property  to  the  JV,  a  commercial  supply  agreement  for  the
manufacture and supply of products by HTIT to the JV, as well as other documents and agreements to regulate the relationship of the parties and the JV to
be  formed  pursuant  to  the  JV  Agreement.  There  is  no  assurance  that  the  parties  will  complete  and  sign  these  additional  agreements  within  the  agreed
timeline  or  at  all.  If  such  agreements  are  not  signed  within  the  agreed  timeframe,  then  either  party  may  apply  a  30-day  extension,  after  which  the  JV
Agreement may be terminated and voided by either party. Thereafter, the consummation of the JV transaction is further subject to the satisfaction or waiver
of certain other closing conditions within a three-month period following the completion of the aforesaid ancillary agreements. If the closing conditions are
not met within the agreed timeframe, then either party may apply a 30-day extension, after which the JV Agreement may be terminated and voided by
either party. In addition, completion of the transactions contemplated under the JV Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary and
certain other closing conditions.

NASH: On September 13, 2022, we reported positive top line results from a double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of ORMD-0801 for the
treatment  of  non-alcoholic  steatohepatitis,  or  NASH,  in  T2D,  demonstrating  that  ORMD-0801  was  safe  and  well  tolerated  at  8  mg  twice  daily  dosing,
meeting  the  primary  endpoint  of  no  difference  in  adverse  events  for  ORMD-0801  compared  to  placebo.  The  trial  also  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of
ORMD-0801 in reducing liver fat content over the 12-week treatment period by observing several independent measures. All the measurements showed a
consistent clinically meaningful trend in favor of ORMD-0801. We are currently evaluating our path forward for ORMD-0801 for NASH.

3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oral Vaccine

On  March  18,  2021,  we  entered  into  a  license  agreement,  or  the  Oravax  License  Agreement,  with  Oravax,  a  63%  owned  joint  venture  to
commercialize oral vaccines for COVID-19 and other novel coronaviruses based on Premas Biotech Pvt. Ltd.’s proprietary vaccine technology involving a
triple antigen virus like particle, or the Oravax product.

In  October  2022,  Oravax  reported  positive  preliminary  Phase  1  data  for  Cohort  A  of  a  Phase  1  clinical  trial,  meeting  primary  or  secondary
endpoints of safety and immunogenicity. These results included significant antibody response (2-6 fold over baseline) as measured by multiple markers of
immune response to virus like particle vaccine antigens observed in the majority of the patients dosed, and no safety issues were observed, including mild
symptoms. Cohort B completed dosing in January 2023. Cohort B measured Immunoglobulin G, or IGG, against the spike (S) protein, showing positive
IGG in approximately 55% of the patients dosed. We are currently evaluating our path forward for Oravax’s oral vaccines for COVID-19.

PeriTech Acquisition and License

In December 2023, we executed and completed an agreement with PeriTech Pharma Ltd., or PeriTech, acquiring the rights to their film-forming
technology tailored for the delivery of topical/dermatology agents. This includes a once-daily over-the-counter treatment for hemorrhoids. The PeriTech
pipeline extends its potential applications to include indications such as pruritus ani, anal warts, anal fissures and herpes labialis.

We have entered into an exclusive licensing agreement with Genomma Lab Internacional S.A.B. de C.V, or Genomma Labs, pursuant to which we

granted Genomma Labs the development and commercialization rights to the PeriTech pipeline, in exchange for a royalty based on net sales.

Impact of Current Events

On October 7, 2023, the State of Israel was attacked by and subsequently declared war on Hamas. Israel has been in an ongoing state of war with
Hamas since that time. Following the attack by Hamas, Hezbollah has also launched attacks against Israel and Israel has been responding to these attacks
with  targeted  air  strikes.  It  is  possible  that  other  terrorist  organizations,  including  Palestinian  military  organizations  in  the  West  Bank,  as  well  as  other
hostile countries, such as Iran, will join the hostilities. As of March 6, 2024, we believe that there is no immediate risk to our business operations related to
these  events.  For  further  information,  see  “Item  1A.  Risk  Factors,”  under  “We  are  affected  by  the  political,  economic  and  military  risks  of  having
operations in Israel.”

Raw Materials

Our  oral  insulin  capsule  for  clinical  trials  was  manufactured  by  Fidelio  Healthcare,  a  diversified  European  Contract  Development  and

Manufacturing Organization (CDMO) in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.

In July 2010, Oramed Ltd. entered into the Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GMBH, or Sanofi-Aventis.

According to the agreement, Sanofi-Aventis supplies Oramed Ltd. with specified quantities of recombinant human insulin to be used for clinical trials.

We have purchased, pursuant to separate agreements with third parties, the raw materials required for the manufacturing of our oral capsule. We
generally  depend  upon  a  limited  number  of  suppliers  for  the  raw  materials.  Although  alternative  sources  of  supply  for  these  materials  are  generally
available, we could incur significant costs and disruptions if we need to change suppliers. The termination of our relationships with our suppliers or the
failure  of  these  suppliers  to  meet  our  requirements  for  raw  materials  on  a  timely  and  cost-effective  basis  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our
business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Market Overview

Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that causes sugar to be absorbed into cells,
where the sugar is converted into energy needed for daily life. The cause of diabetes is attributed both to genetics (type 1 diabetes, or T1D) and, most often,
to environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise (T2D). According to the International Diabetes Federation, or IDF, an estimated 537 million
adults (20-79 years) worldwide suffered from diabetes in 2021 and the IDF projects this number will increase to 783 million by 2045. Also, according to
the IDF, in 2021, an estimated 6.7 million people died from diabetes. According to the American Diabetes Association, or ADA, in the United States there
were approximately 37.3 million people with diabetes, or 11.3% of the United States population in 2019. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, kidney
failure, heart attack, stroke and amputation.

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intellectual Property and Patents

We  own  a  portfolio  of  patents  and  patent  applications  covering  our  technologies,  and  we  are  aggressively  protecting  these  technology

developments on a worldwide basis.

We maintain a proactive intellectual property strategy, which includes patent filings in multiple jurisdictions, including the United States and other
commercially significant markets. We hold 38 patent applications currently pending, with respect to various compositions, methods of production and oral
administration of proteins and exenatide. Expiration dates for pending patents, if granted, will fall between 2026 and 2039.

We hold 117 patents, eight of which were issued during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, including patents issued by the United States,
Swiss, German, French, U.K., Italian, Netherlands, Swedish, Spanish, Australian, Israeli, Japanese, New Zealand, South African, Russian, Canadian, Hong
Kong, Chinese, European and Indian patent offices that cover a part of our technology, which allows for the oral delivery of proteins; patents issued by the
Australian,  Canadian,  European,  Austrian,  Belgian,  French,  German,  Irish,  Italian,  Luxembourg,  Monaco,  Netherlands,  Norwegian,  Spanish,  Swedish,
Swiss, U.K., Israeli, New Zealand, South African, Russian, Brazilian and Japanese patent offices that cover part of our technology for the oral delivery of
exenatide; and patents issued by the European, Austrian, Belgian, Denmark, French, German, Irish, Italian, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway,
Spanish, Swedish, Swiss, U.K. and Japanese patent offices for treating diabetes.

Consistent with our strategy to seek protection in key markets worldwide, we have been and will continue to pursue the patent applications and
corresponding  foreign  counterparts  of  such  applications.  We  believe  that  our  success  will  depend  on  our  ability  to  obtain  patent  protection  for  our
intellectual property.

Our patent strategy is as follows:

● Aggressively  protect  all  current  and  future  technological  developments  to  assure  strong  and  broad  protection  by  filing  patents  and/or

continuations in part as appropriate,

● Protect  technological  developments  at  various  levels,  in  a  complementary  manner,  including  the  base  technology,  as  well  as  specific

applications of the technology, and

● Establish  comprehensive  coverage  in  the  United  States  and  in  all  relevant  foreign  markets  in  anticipation  of  future  commercialization

opportunities.

Trademarks and Trade Secrets

We have trademark applications pending in Israel, with Corresponding international trademark applications in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China,
Colombia,  the  European  Union,  India,  Indonesia,  Japan,  Kazakhstan,  Korea,  Malaysia,  Mexico,  New  Zealand,  Norway,  Oman,  Philippines,  Russia,
Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, U.S.A., Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

We also rely on trade secrets and unpatentable know-how that we seek to protect, in part, by confidentiality agreements. Our policy is to require
our  employees,  consultants,  contractors,  manufacturers,  outside  scientific  collaborators  and  sponsored  researchers,  Board  of  Directors,  or  our  Board,
technical review board and other advisors, to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of employment or consulting relationships with
us. These agreements provide that all confidential information developed or made known to the individual during the course of the individual’s relationship
with  us  is  to  be  kept  confidential  and  not  disclosed  to  third  parties  except  in  specific  limited  circumstances.  We  also  require  signed  confidentiality  or
material transfer agreements from any company that is to receive our confidential information. In the case of employees, consultants and contractors, the
agreements provide that all inventions conceived by the individual while rendering services to us shall be assigned to us as the exclusive property of the
Company. There can be no assurance, however, that all persons who we desire to sign such agreements will sign, or if they do, that these agreements will
not  be  breached,  that  we  would  have  adequate  remedies  for  any  breach,  or  that  our  trade  secrets  or  unpatentable  know-how  will  not  otherwise  become
known or be independently developed by competitors.

5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Out-Licensed Technology

Entera Bio

In June 2010, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Oramed Ltd., entered into a joint venture agreement with DNA GROUP (T.R.) Ltd. (formerly D.N.A

Biomedical Solutions Ltd.), or DNA, for the establishment of Entera Bio Ltd., or Entera.

In March 2011, Oramed Ltd. sold shares of Entera to DNA, retaining 117,000 ordinary shares (after giving effect to a stock split by Entera in July
2018). In consideration for the shares sold to DNA, the Company received, among other payments, ordinary shares of DNA (see also note 3 to our audited
consolidated financial statements).

As part of this agreement, Oramed Ltd. entered into a patent transfer agreement, or the Patent Transfer Agreement, according to which Oramed
Ltd. assigned to Entera all of its rights to a patent application related to the oral administration of proteins that it has licensed to Entera since August 2010,
in  return  for  royalties  of  3%  of  Entera’s  net  revenues  and  a  license  back  of  that  patent  application  for  use  in  respect  of  diabetes  and  influenza.  As  of
December  31,  2023,  Entera  had  not  paid  any  royalties  to  Oramed  Ltd.  On  December  11,  2018,  Entera  announced  that  it  had  entered  into  a  research
collaboration and license agreement with Amgen, Inc., or Amgen. To the extent that the license granted to Amgen results in net revenues as defined in the
Patent Transfer Agreement, Oramed Ltd. will be entitled to the aforementioned royalties. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not
sell any of DNA’s ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2023, we held approximately 1.4% of DNA’s outstanding ordinary shares and approximately 0.4%
of Entera’s outstanding ordinary shares.

HTIT

On November 30, 2015, we entered into a Technology License Agreement, or TLA, with HTIT and on December 21, 2015, these parties entered
into an Amended and Restated Technology License Agreement that was further amended by the parties on June 3, 2016 and July 24, 2016, or the HTIT
License Agreement. According to the HTIT License Agreement, we granted HTIT an exclusive commercialization license in the territory of the People’s
Republic of China, Macau and Hong Kong, related to our oral insulin capsule, ORMD-0801, or the Product. Pursuant to the HTIT License Agreement,
HTIT will conduct, at its own expense, certain pre-commercialization and regulatory activities with respect to our technology and ORMD-0801 capsule,
and will pay (i) royalties of 10% on net sales of the related commercialized products to be sold by HTIT in the territory, or Royalties, and (ii) an aggregate
of  $37.5  million,  of  which  $3  million  was  payable  immediately,  $8  million  will  be  paid  subject  to  our  entry  into  certain  agreements  with  certain  third
parties, and $26.5 million will be payable upon achievement of certain milestones and conditions. In the event that we will not meet certain conditions, the
Royalties  rate  may  be  reduced  to  a  minimum  of  8%.  Following  the  final  expiration  of  our  patents  covering  the  technology  in  the  territory  in  2033,  the
Royalties rate may be reduced, under certain circumstances, to 5%. The royalty payment obligation shall apply during the period of time beginning upon
the first commercial sale of the Product in the territory, and ending upon the later of (i) the expiration of the last-to-expire licensed patents in the territory;
and (ii) 15 years after the first commercial sale of the Product in the territory. The HTIT License Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration of the
royalty  term.  The  HTIT  License  Agreement  contains  customary  termination  provisions. Through  December  31,  2023,  we  received  aggregate  milestone
payments of $20.5 million out of the aggregate amount of $37.5 million.

On August 21, 2020, we received a letter from HTIT, disputing certain pending payment obligations of HTIT under the TLA. We wholly disputed

said claims and are planning to resolve any such claims as part of our discussions with HTIT.

See “—Research and Development” above regarding the JV Agreement we signed with HTIT to establish the JV, based on Oramed’s oral drug
delivery  technology.  The  proposed  JV  will  focus  on  the  development  and  worldwide  commercialization  of  innovative  products  based  on  Oramed’s  oral
insulin and POD™ (Protein Oral Delivery) pipeline and HTIT’s manufacturing capabilities and technologies.

Oravax License

In  consideration  for  the  grant  of  the  license  under  the  Oravax  License  Agreement,  we  will  receive  (i)  royalties  equal  to  7.5%  on  net  sales,  as
defined in the Oravax License Agreement, of each product commercialized by Oravax, its affiliates and permitted sublicensees related to the license during
the term specified in the Oravax License Agreement, (ii) sublicensing fees equal to 15% of any non-sales-based consideration received by Oravax from a
permitted sublicensee and (iii) other payments ranging between $25 million to $100 million, based on certain sales milestones being achieved by Oravax.
The  parties  further  agreed  to  establish  a  development  and  steering  committee,  which  will  consist  of  three  members,  of  which  two  members  will  be
appointed by us, that will oversee the ongoing research, development, clinical and regulatory activity with respect to the Oravax product. In addition, we
agreed to buy and Oravax agreed to issue to us 1,890,000 shares of common stock of Oravax, representing 63% of the common stock of Oravax for the
aggregate amount of $1.5 million. Akers Biosciences Inc. contributed $1.5 million in cash to Oravax and a license agreement to the Oravax product.

6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medicox License

On November 13, 2022, we entered into a distribution license agreement with Medicox Co., Ltd., or Medicox, an emerging biotech company with
a consortium of proven partnerships in the Republic of Korea. The agreement grants Medicox the exclusive license to apply for regulatory approval and
distribute ORMD-0801 for ten years in the Republic of Korea. Medicox will comply with agreed distribution targets and will purchase ORMD-0801 at an
agreed upon transfer price per capsule. In addition, Medicox will pay Oramed up to $15 million in developmental milestones, $2 million of which were
received by Oramed in 2022, and up to 15% royalties on gross sales. Medicox will also be responsible for gaining regulatory approval in the Republic of
Korea.

Government Regulation

The Drug Development Process

Regulatory requirements for the approval of new drugs vary from one country to another. In order to obtain approval to market our drug portfolio,
we need to go through a different regulatory process in each country in which we apply for such approval. In some cases, information gathered during the
approval process in one country can be used as supporting information for the approval process in another country. As a strategic decision, we decided to
first explore the FDA regulatory pathway. The following is a summary of the FDA’s requirements.

The FDA requires that pharmaceutical and certain other therapeutic products undergo significant clinical experimentation and clinical testing prior
to their marketing or introduction to the general public. Clinical testing, known as clinical trials or clinical studies, is either conducted internally by life
science, pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies or is conducted on behalf of these companies by CROs.

The process of conducting clinical trials is highly regulated by the FDA, as well as by other governmental and professional bodies. Below we

describe the principal framework in which clinical trials are conducted, as well as describe a number of the parties involved in these trials.

Protocols.  Before  commencing  human  clinical  trials,  the  sponsor  of  a  new  drug  or  therapeutic  product  must  submit  an  IND  application  to  the
FDA. The application contains, among other documents, what is known in the industry as a protocol. A protocol is the blueprint for each drug study. The
protocol sets forth, among other things, the following:

● Who must be recruited as qualified participants,

● How often to administer the drug or product,

● What tests to perform on the participants, and

● What dosage of the drug or amount of the product to give to the participants.

Institutional Review Board. An institutional review board is an independent committee of professionals and lay persons which reviews clinical
research trials involving human beings and is required to adhere to guidelines issued by the FDA. The institutional review board does not report to the
FDA, but its records are audited by the FDA. Its members are not appointed by the FDA. All clinical trials must be approved by an institutional review
board.  The  institutional  review  board’s  role  is  to  protect  the  rights  of  the  participants  in  the  clinical  trials.  It  approves  the  protocols  to  be  used,  the
advertisements which the company or CRO conducting the study proposes to use to recruit participants, and the form of consent which the participants will
be required to sign prior to their participation in the clinical trials.

Clinical Trials. Human clinical trials or testing of a potential product are generally done in three stages known as Phase 1 through Phase 3 testing.

The names of the phases are derived from the regulations of the FDA. Generally, there are multiple trials conducted in each phase.

Phase 1. Phase 1 trials involve testing a drug or product on a limited number of healthy or patient participants, typically 24 to 100 people at a
time. Phase 1 trials determine a product’s basic safety and how the product is absorbed by, and eliminated from, the body. This phase lasts an average of six
months to a year.

7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Phase 2. Phase 2 trials involve testing of no more than 300 participants at a time who may suffer from the targeted disease or condition. Phase 2
testing typically lasts an average of one to two years. In Phase 2, the drug is tested to determine its safety and effectiveness for treating a specific illness or
condition. Phase 2 testing also involves determining acceptable dosage levels of the drug. Phase 2 trials may be split into Phase 2a and Phase 2b sub-trials.
Phase  2a  trials  may  be  conducted  with  patient  volunteers  and  are  exploratory  (non-pivotal)  trials,  typically  designed  to  evaluate  clinical  efficacy  or
biological activity. Phase 2b trials are conducted with patients defined to evaluate definite dose range and evaluate efficacy. If Phase 2 trials show that a
new drug has an acceptable range of safety risks and probable effectiveness, a company will generally continue to review the substance in Phase 3 trials.

Phase 3.  Phase  3  trials  involve  testing  large  numbers  of  participants,  typically  several  hundred  to  several  thousand  persons.  The  purpose  is  to
verify effectiveness and long-term safety on a large scale. These trials generally last two to three years. Phase 3 trials are conducted at multiple locations or
sites. Like the other phases, Phase 3 requires the site to keep detailed records of data collected and procedures performed.

Biological License Application. The results of the clinical trials for a biological product are submitted to the FDA as part of a Biological License
Application, or BLA. Following the completion of Phase 3 trials, assuming the sponsor of a potential product in the United States believes it has sufficient
information  to  support  the  safety  and  effectiveness  of  its  product,  the  sponsor  will  generally  submit  a  BLA  to  the  FDA  requesting  that  the  product  be
approved for marketing. The application is a comprehensive, multi-volume filing that includes the results of all clinical trials, information about the drug’s
composition,  and  the  sponsor’s  plans  for  producing,  packaging  and  labeling  the  product.  The  FDA’s  review  of  an  application  can  take  a  few  months  to
many years, with the average review lasting 18 months. Once approved, drugs and other products may be marketed in the United States, subject to any
conditions imposed by the FDA. Approval of a BLA provides 12 years of exclusivity in the U.S. market.

Phase 4. The FDA may require that the sponsor conduct additional clinical trials following new drug approval. The purpose of these trials, known
as Phase 4 trials, is to monitor long-term risks and benefits, study different dosage levels or evaluate safety and effectiveness. In recent years, the FDA has
increased its reliance on these trials. Phase 4 trials usually involve thousands of participants. Phase 4 trials also may be initiated by the company sponsoring
the new drug to gain broader market value for an approved drug.

European Regulation.  Similar  to  the  U.S.,  a  European  sponsor  of  a  biological  product  may  submit  a  Marketing  Approval  Application  to  the
European Medicines Agency, or EMA, for the registration of the product. The approval process in Europe consists of several stages, which together are
summed up to 210 days from the time of submission of the application (net, without periods in which the sponsor provides answers to questions raised by
the agency) following which, a Marketing Approval may be granted. During the approval process, the sponsor’s manufacturing facilities will be audited in
order to assess Good Manufacturing Practice compliance.

The drug approval process is time-consuming, involves substantial expenditures of resources, and depends upon a number of factors, including the

severity of the illness in question, the availability of alternative treatments, and the risks and benefits demonstrated in the clinical trials.

Other Regulations

Various federal, state and local laws, regulations, and recommendations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory practices, the experimental
use of animals, the environment and the purchase, storage, movement, import, export, use, and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances,
including radioactive compounds and infectious disease agents, used in connection with our research are applicable to our activities. They include, among
others, the U.S. Atomic Energy Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the National Environmental Policy
Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, and Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, national restrictions on technology transfer, import, export, and
customs regulations, and other present and possible future local, state, or federal regulation. The compliance with these and other laws, regulations and
recommendations can be time-consuming and involve substantial costs. In addition, the extent of governmental regulation which might result from future
legislation or administrative action cannot be accurately predicted and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of
operations and prospects.

8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Competition

Competition  in  the  area  of  biomedical  and  pharmaceutical  research  and  development  is  intense  and  significantly  depends  on  scientific  and
technological  factors.  These  factors  include  the  availability  of  patent  and  other  protection  for  technology  and  products,  the  ability  to  commercialize
technological  developments  and  the  ability  to  obtain  regulatory  approval  for  testing,  manufacturing  and  marketing.  Our  competitors  include  major
pharmaceutical, medical products, chemical and specialized biotechnology companies, many of which have financial, technical and marketing resources
significantly  greater  than  ours.  In  addition,  many  biotechnology  companies  have  formed  collaborations  with  large,  established  companies  to  support
research,  development  and  commercialization  of  products  that  may  be  competitive  with  ours.  Academic  institutions,  governmental  agencies  and  other
public and private research organizations are also conducting research activities and seeking patent protection and may commercialize products on their
own or through joint ventures. We are aware of certain other products manufactured or under development by competitors that are used for the treatment of
the diseases and health conditions that we have targeted for product development. We can provide no assurance that developments by others will not render
our technology obsolete or noncompetitive, that we will be able to keep pace with new technological developments or that our technology will be able to
supplant established products and methodologies in the therapeutic areas that are targeted by us. The foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect
on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. These companies, as well as academic institutions, governmental agencies and
private research organizations, also compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific personnel and consultants.

Competition  within  our  sector  is  increasing,  so  we  will  encounter  competition  from  existing  firms  that  offer  competitive  solutions  in  diabetes
treatment solutions. These competitive companies could develop products that are superior to, or have greater market acceptance, than the products being
developed  by  us.  We  will  have  to  compete  against  other  biotechnology  and  pharmaceutical  companies  with  greater  market  recognition  and  greater
financial, marketing and other resources.

Our  competition  will  be  determined  in  part  by  the  potential  indications  for  which  our  technology  is  developed  and  ultimately  approved  by
regulatory authorities. In addition, the first product to reach the market in a therapeutic or preventive area is often at a significant competitive advantage
relative to later entrants to the market. Accordingly, the relative speed with which we, or our potential corporate partners, can develop products, complete
the clinical trials and approval processes and supply commercial quantities of the products to the market are expected to be important competitive factors.
Our competitive position will also depend on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific and other personnel, develop effective proprietary products,
develop  and  implement  production  and  marketing  plans,  obtain  and  maintain  patent  protection  and  secure  adequate  capital  resources.  We  expect  our
technology, if approved for sale, to compete primarily on the basis of product efficacy, safety, patient convenience, reliability, value and patent position.

We anticipated that our oral insulin capsule would be a competitive diabetes drug because of its anticipated efficacy and safety profile; however,
there are other treatment options for T1D and T2D patients, such as insulin injections, insulin pumps or a combination of diet, exercise and oral medication
which improve the body’s response to insulin or cause the body to produce more insulin. 

Scientific Advisory Board

We maintain a Scientific Advisory Board consisting of internationally recognized scientists who advise us on scientific and technical aspects of
our business. The Scientific Advisory Board meets periodically to review specific projects and to assess the value of new technologies and developments to
us. In addition, individual members of the Scientific Advisory Board meet with us periodically to provide advice in their particular areas of expertise. The
Scientific  Advisory  Board  consists  of  the  following  members,  information  with  respect  to  whom  is  set  forth  below:  Dr.  Roy  Eldor,  Professor  Ele
Ferrannini, Dr. Alexander Fleming, Professor Avram Hershko, Dr. Harold Jacob, Dr. Julio Rosenstock, Dr. Jay Skyler and Dr. Anne Peters.

Dr. Roy Eldor, MD, PhD, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in July 2016. He is an endocrinologist, internist and researcher with over
twenty  years  of  clinical  and  scientific  experience.  He  is  currently  Director  of  the  Diabetes  Unit  at  the  Institute  of  Endocrinology,  Metabolism  &
Hypertension  at  the  Tel-Aviv  Sourasky  Medical  Center.  Prior  to  that,  Dr.  Eldor  served  as  Principal  Scientist  at  Merck  Research  Laboratories,  Clinical
Research – Diabetes & Endocrinology. He previously served as a senior physician in internal medicine at the Diabetes Unit in Hadassah Hebrew University
Hospital in Jerusalem, Israel; and the Diabetes Division at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas. Dr. Eldor is a recognized
expert, with over 50 peer reviewed papers and book chapters, and has been a guest speaker at numerous international forums.

9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Professor  Ele  Ferrannini,  MD,  joined  the  Oramed  Scientific  Advisory  Board  in  February  2007.  He  is  a  past  President  to  the  European
Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), which supports scientists, physicians and students from all over the world who are interested in diabetes and
related  subjects  in  Europe  and  performs  functions  similar  to  that  of  the  American  Diabetes  Association  in  the  United  States.  Professor  Ferrannini  has
worked with various institutions including the Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine at the University of Pisa School of Medicine, and CNR
(National Research Council) Institute of Clinical Physiology in Pisa, Italy; and the Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine at the University of Texas
Health  Science  Center  in  San  Antonio,  Texas.  He  has  extensive  training  in  internal  medicine  and  endocrinology,  and  has  specialized  in  diabetes  trials.
Professor Ferrannini has received a Certificate of the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates from the University of Bologna, and completed a
subspecialty in Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases at the University of Torino, cum laude. He has published over 500 original papers and 50 book chapters
and he is a “highly cited researcher,” according to the Institute for Scientific Information.

Dr. Alexander Fleming, MD, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in December 2019. Dr. Fleming, an endocrinologist, is Founder and
Executive Chairman of Kinexum, a strategic advisory firm. From 1986 to 1998, he served at the FDA as a supervisory medical officer in the Division of
Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products and was responsible for landmark approvals of the first statin, metformin, and other endocrine and metabolic
therapies.  He  also  represented  the  FDA  at  the  World  Health  Organization  and  on  multiple  expert  working  groups  of  the  International  Conference  on
Harmonization (ICH). Dr. Fleming coined the term, Metabesity, which refers to the constellation of major chronic diseases and the aging process itself, all
which share common metabolic root causes and potential preventive therapies. He organized the first Congress on Metabesity in London in October 2017,
followed  by  annual  conferences.  In  2020,  Dr.  Fleming  founded  the  non-profit  Kitalys  Institute  as  a  means  of  producing  Metabesity  conferences  and
advancing interventions of any kind that can improve health and healthspan.

Professor Avram Hershko, MD, PhD, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in July 2008. Professor Hershko served as a physician in the
Israel Defense Forces from 1965 to 1967. After a post-doctoral fellowship with Gordon Tomkins at the University of San Francisco from 1969 to 1972, he
joined the faculty of the Haifa Technion becoming a professor in 1980. He is now Distinguished Professor in the Unit of Biochemistry in the B. Rappaport
Faculty of Medicine of the Technion in Haifa, Israel. Professor Hershko’s main research interests concern the mechanisms by which cellular proteins are
degraded,  a  formerly  neglected  field  of  study.  Professor  Hershko  and  his  colleagues  showed  that  cellular  proteins  are  degraded  by  a  highly  selective
proteolytic system. This system tags proteins for destruction by linkage to a protein called ubiquitin, which had previously been identified in many tissues,
but whose function was previously unknown. Subsequent work by Professor Hershko and many other laboratories has shown that the ubiquitin system has
a vital role in controlling a wide range of cellular processes, such as the regulation of cell division, signal transduction and DNA repair. Professor Hershko
was  awarded  the  Nobel  Prize  in  Chemistry  in  2004,  jointly  with  his  former  PhD  student  Aaron  Ciechanover  and  their  colleague  Irwin  Rose.  His  many
honors include the Israel Prize for Biochemistry (1994), the Gairdner Award (1999), the Lasker Prize for Basic Medical Research (2000), the Wolf Prize for
Medicine (2001) and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Award (2001). Professor Hershko is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences since 2000 and a Foreign
Associate of the U.S. Academy of Sciences since 2003.

Dr. Harold Jacob, MD, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in November 2016. Since 1998, Dr. Jacob has served as the president of
Medical Instrument Development Inc., a company which provides a range of support and consulting services to start-up and early stage companies as well
as patenting its own proprietary medical devices. Since 2011, Dr. Jacob has also served as an attending physician at Hadassah University Medical Center in
Jerusalem, Israel, where he has served as the director of the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit since September 2013. Dr. Jacob has advised a spectrum of
companies in the past and he served as a consultant and then as the Director of Medical Affairs at Given Imaging Ltd., from 1997 to 2003, a company that
developed the first swallowable wireless pill camera for inspection of the intestine. He has licensed patents to a number of companies including Kimberly-
Clark Corporation. Since 2014, Dr. Jacob has served as the Chief Medical Officer and a director of NanoVibronix, Inc., a medical device company using
surface acoustics to prevent catheter acquired infection as well as other applications, where he served as Chief Executive Officer from 2004 to 2014. He
practiced clinical gastroenterology in New York and served as Chief of Gastroenterology at St. John’s Episcopal Hospital and South Nassau Communities
Hospital from 1986 to 1995, and was a Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at SUNY from 1983 to 1990. Dr. Jacob founded and served as Editor in
Chief of Endoscopy Review and has authored numerous publications in the field of gastroenterology.

Dr. Julio Rosenstock, MD, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in January 2020. Dr. Rosenstock is the Senior Scientific Advisor and
Director  of  Velocity  Clinical  Research  at  Medical  City,  Dallas,  Texas,  and  a  Clinical  Professor  of  Medicine  at  the  University  of  Texas  Southwestern
Medical  Center  in  Dallas,  Texas.  He  is  board  certified  in  Internal  Medicine,  Endocrinology  and  Metabolism.  His  clinical  and  research  activities  have
focused  on  exploring  novel  agents  and  therapeutic  strategies  to  improve  glycemic  control,  particularly  early  combination  therapies  in  Type  2  Diabetes.
Over the last 30 years, he has participated in hundreds of clinical trials and has had an active role in the development of new oral agents, incretin-related
therapies and insulin formulations, often acting as a lead clinical investigator and scientific advisor on the design and reporting of these clinical trials. Dr.
Rosenstock  has  been  the  author  or  co-author  of  386  peer-reviewed  manuscripts  (H-index  124)  and  several  hundreds  of  scientific  abstracts  and  he  is
considered a key opinion leader in Type 2 Diabetes. He has also contributed to 13 book chapters on various topics in the field of diabetes and is considered
a key opinion leader in Type 2 Diabetes.

10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dr. Jay Skyler, MD, MCAP, FRCP, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in January 2020. Dr. Skyler is Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics
and Psychology in the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of
Medicine.  He  previously  held  the  position  of  Director  of  the  Division  of  Endocrinology,  Diabetes  and  Metabolism.  In  addition,  Dr.  Skyler  is  Deputy
Director  of  Clinical  Research  and  Academic  Programs  at  the  Diabetes  Research  Institute,  and  an  Adjunct  Professor  of  Pediatrics  at  the  Barbara  Davis
Center for Childhood Diabetes at the University of Colorado in Denver. Dr. Skyler’s research focuses on the clinical aspects of diabetes, specifically the
conduct of randomized controlled clinical trials. From 1993 to 2015, he was Chairman of the National Institute of Health (NIDDK)-sponsored Diabetes
Prevention Trial–- Type 1 (DPT-1) and its successor Type 1 Diabetes Trial Net, a nationwide and global network conducting clinical trials to prevent T1D.

Dr. Anne Peters, MD,  joined  the  Oramed  Scientific  Advisory  Board  in  June  2022.  Dr.  Peters  is  Professor  of  Medicine  at  the  Keck  School  of
Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC) and Director of the USC Clinical Diabetes Programs. Dr. Peters earned her medical degree from
the Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago and performed an internal medicine residency at Stanford University and an endocrinology
fellowship at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. She previously directed the clinical diabetes programs at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA in California.
Her  research  has  focused  on  testing  new  approaches  for  diagnosing  and  treating  diabetes  and  developing  systems  of  care  to  improve  outcomes
in diabetic under-resourced populations. Dr. Peters has consulted for many entities, including the FDA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and
the National Institutes of Health to help guide the development and use of treatments for diabetes. In addition to being an investigator for more than 40
research  studies,  Dr.  Peters  has  published  over  200  articles,  has  written  four  books,  and  has  given  more  than  500  lectures  locally,  nationally,  and
internationally. She has been on multiple guideline writing committees for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. She was a recipient of the ADA
Outstanding  Physician  Clinician  Award,  the  Bernardo  Houssay  Award  from  the  National  Minority  Quality  Forum  and  received  an  Endocrine  Society
Laureate Award for Public Service.

Employees

We believe it is imperative to attract and retain top talent for all positions in the Company. We seek to make Oramed an inclusive, diverse and safe

workplace, with meaningful compensation, benefits and wellness programs and opportunities.

We have experienced personnel involved in our research and development programs, as well as appropriate clinical/regulatory, quality assurance
and other personnel needed to advance through clinical trials or have engaged the services of experts in the field for these requirements. As of December
31, 2023, we have contracted with fifteen individuals for employment or consulting arrangements, including employees of Oravax. Of our staff, five are
senior management, four are engaged in research and development work, and the remaining six are involved in corporate and administration work.

We provide competitive compensation, health and retirement programs for our employees. We offer variable pay in the form of bonuses and stock-
based compensation for eligible employees. We also provide our employees with additional benefits such as team-building and educational offsite activities
and gym facilities. We believe that this provides a comprehensive package to engage, motivate and retain our employees as a cohesive unit unified in its
goal to achieve the Company’s strategy and objectives.

Additional Information

Additional  information  about  us  is  contained  on  our  Internet  website  at  www.oramed.com.  Information  on  our  website  is  not  incorporated  by
reference into this report. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those
reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are available free of charge
on our website under “SEC Filings” as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Reports filed
with  the  SEC  are  made  available  on  its  website  at  www.sec.gov  and  are  also  available  on  the  website  of  the  Israeli  Securities  Authority  at
www.magna.isa.gov.il or on the website of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange at www.tase.co.il. The following corporate governance documents are also posted
on  our  website:  Code  of  Ethics,  Whistleblowing  Policy  and  the  charters  for  each  of  the  Audit  Committee,  Compensation  Committee  and  Nominating
Committee of our Board.

11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

An  investment  in  our  securities  involves  a  high  degree  of  risk.  You  should  consider  carefully  the  following  information  about  these  risks,
together with the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects,
financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  may  be  materially  and  adversely  affected  as  a  result  of  any  of  the  following  risks.  The  value  of  our
securities could decline as a result of any of these risks. You could lose all or part of your investment in our securities. Some of the statements in “Item
1A. Risk Factors” are forward-looking statements. The following risk factors are not the only risk factors facing the Company. Additional risks and
uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of
operations.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our strategic review process may not be successful or timely.

Following  the  results  of  the  ORA-D-013-1  Phase  3  trial,  we  conducted  a  comprehensive  analysis  of  the  data  to  understand  if  there  is  a  path
forward for our oral insulin candidate and are working on a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical trial to be submitted to the FDA. Concurrently, we are
examining our existing pipeline and have commenced an evaluation process of potential strategic opportunities, including among others, continuation as a
stand-alone business, capital raises, or one or more acquisitions, mergers or business combinations or other strategic transactions. Potential counterparties
in  a  strategic  transaction  involving  us  may  place  minimal  or  no  value  on  our  assets. While  we  are  devoting  significant  efforts  to  identify  and  evaluate
potential strategic alternatives, there can be no assurance that this strategic review process will result in us pursuing any transaction or that any transaction,
if  pursued,  will  be  completed  on  attractive  terms  or  at  all.  Additionally,  there  can  be  no  assurances  that  any  particular  course  of  action,  business
arrangement  or  transaction,  or  series  of  transactions,  will  be  pursued,  successfully  consummated,  or  lead  to  any  stockholder  value.  Any  potential
transaction would be dependent on a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, among other things, market conditions, industry trends,
the interest of third parties in a potential transaction with us, obtaining stockholder approval and the availability of financing to third parties in a potential
transaction  with  us  on  reasonable  terms.  The  process  of  reviewing  alternative  strategic  paths  may  be  time  consuming,  may  involve  the  dedication  of
significant  resources  and  may  require  us  to  incur  significant  costs  and  expenses.  It  could  negatively  impact  our  ability  to  attract,  retain  and  motivate
employees, and expose us to potential litigation in connection with this process or any resulting transaction. If we are not successful in setting forth a new
strategic  path  for  the  Company,  or  if  our  plans  are  not  executed  in  a  timely  fashion,  this  may  cause  reputational  harm  with  our  stockholders  and  other
stakeholders  and  the  value  of  our  securities  may  be  adversely  impacted.  In  addition,  speculation  regarding  any  developments  related  to  the  review  of
strategic alternatives and perceived uncertainties related to the future of the Company could cause our stock price to fluctuate significantly. There can be no
guarantee that the process of evaluating alternative strategic paths will result in our entering into or completing potential transactions within the anticipated
timing or at all.

If we are successful in completing a strategic transaction, we may be exposed to other operational and financial risks.

Although there can be no assurance that a strategic transaction will result from the process we have undertaken to identify and evaluate strategic
alternatives, the negotiation and consummation of any such transaction will require significant time on the part of our management and may disrupt our
business. The negotiation and consummation of any such transaction may also require more time or greater cash resources than we anticipate and expose us
to other operational and financial risks, including: increased near-term and long-term expenditures; exposure to unknown liabilities; higher than expected
acquisition or integration costs; incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuances of equity securities to fund future operations; write-downs of assets or
goodwill or incurrence of non-recurring, impairment or other charges; increased amortization expenses; impairment of relationships with key suppliers of
any acquired business due to changes in management and ownership; inability to retain our key employees; and possibility of future litigation. Any of the
above risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and prospects.

Our  ability  to  consummate  a  strategic  transaction  depends  on  our  ability  to  retain  our  employees  required  to  consummate  such

transaction.

Our ability to consummate a strategic transaction depends upon our ability to retain our employees required to consummate such a transaction, the
loss  of  whose  services  may  adversely  impact  the  ability  to  consummate  such  transaction.  Our  cash  conservation  activities  may  yield  unintended
consequences,  such  as  attrition  and  reduced  employee  morale,  which  may  cause  remaining  employees  to  seek  alternative  employment.  Our  ability  to
successfully  complete  a  strategic  transaction  depends  in  large  part  on  our  ability  to  retain  certain  of  our  remaining  personnel.  If  we  are  unable  to
successfully retain our remaining personnel, we are at risk of a disruption to our exploration and consummation of a strategic alternative as well as business
operations.

12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We  may  become  involved  in  securities  and  stockholder  litigation  that  could  divert  management’s  attention  and  harm  the  Company’s

business, and insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all costs and damages.

In  the  past,  securities  and  stockholder  litigation  has  often  followed  certain  significant  business  transactions,  such  as  the  sale  of  a  company  or
announcement of any other strategic transaction, or the announcement of negative events, such as negative results from clinical trials. The market price of
our common stock dropped substantially when we announced the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial. We may be exposed to such litigation even if
no wrongdoing occurred. Litigation is usually expensive and diverts management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business and
cash resources and our ability to consummate a potential strategic transaction or the ultimate value our stockholders receive in any such transaction.

We continue, and in the future expect, to incur losses.

Successful  evaluation  and  completion  of  our  remaining  development  programs  and  our  transition  to  normal  operations  are  dependent  upon
obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA prior to selling our products within the United States, and foreign regulatory approvals must be
obtained to sell our products internationally. There can be no assurance that we will receive regulatory approval of any of our product candidates, and a
substantial amount of time may pass before we achieve a level of revenues adequate to support our operations. We expect to incur substantial expenditures
in connection with our research and development programs, our strategic evaluation process, as well as the regulatory approval process with FDA and other
agencies for each of our current or future product candidates during their respective developmental periods. Obtaining marketing approval will be directly
dependent on our ability to implement the necessary regulatory steps required to obtain marketing approval in the United States and in other countries. We
cannot predict the outcome of these activities.

Based on our current cash resources and commitments, we believe we will be able to maintain our current planned activities and the corresponding
level of expenditures for at least the next 12 months, although no assurance can be given that we will not need additional funds prior to such time. If there
are unexpected increases in our operating expenses, we may need to seek additional financing during the next 12 months.

We will need substantial additional capital in order to satisfy our business objectives.

To date, we have financed our operations principally through offerings of securities and we may require substantial additional financing at various
intervals  in  order  to  implement  any  potential  strategic  alternative,  to  continue  our  remaining  or  potential  future  research  and  development  programs,
including significant requirements for operating expenses including intellectual property protection and enforcement, for pursuit of regulatory approvals,
and for commercialization of our remaining or future products. We can provide no assurance that additional funding will be available on a timely basis, on
terms acceptable to us, or at all. In the event that we are unable to obtain such financing, we may not be able to implement the actions we decide to take as
part  of  our  strategic  review  process,  and  we  will  not  be  able  to  fully  develop  and  commercialize  our  technology  or  pursue  new  technology.  Our  future
capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including:

● the results of our strategic review process and any new strategic direction we decide to take;

● continued scientific progress in our research and development programs;

● costs and timing of conducting clinical trials and seeking regulatory approvals and patent prosecutions;

● competing technological and market developments;

● our ability to establish additional collaborative relationships; and

● effects of commercialization activities and facility expansions if and as required.

If we cannot secure adequate financing when needed, we may be required to delay, scale back or eliminate one or more of our existing or planned
courses  of  action  or  research  and  development  programs,  or  to  enter  into  license  or  other  arrangements  with  third  parties  to  commercialize  products  or
technologies that we would otherwise seek to develop ourselves and commercialize ourselves. In such event, our business, prospects, financial condition
and results of operations may be adversely affected as we may be required to scale-back, eliminate, or delay development efforts or product introductions
or enter into royalty, sales or other agreements with third parties in order to commercialize our products.

13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We have a history of losses and can provide no assurance as to our future operating results.

We do not have sufficient revenues from our research and development activities to fully support our operations. Consequently, we have incurred
net losses and negative cash flows since inception. We currently have only licensing revenues and no product revenues, and may not succeed in developing
or  commercializing  any  products  which  could  generate  product  revenues.  We  do  not  expect  to  have  any  products  on  the  market  for  several  years.  In
addition, development of our product candidates requires a process of pre-clinical and clinical testing, during which our products could fail. For example, in
January 2023, the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. We may not be able to enter into agreements with one or
more companies experienced in the manufacturing and marketing of therapeutic drugs and, to the extent that we are unable to do so, we will not be able to
market our product candidates. Eventual profitability will depend on our success in developing, manufacturing, and marketing our product candidates or in
pursuing a successful strategic alternative. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had working capital of $109,370,000 and $151,363,000, respectively,
and stockholders’ equity of $163,821,000 and $151,812,000, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we generated revenues of
$1,340,000  and  $2,703,000,  respectively.  For  the  period  from  our  inception  on  April  12,  2002  through  December  31,  2023,  we  incurred  net  losses  of
$157,556,000.  We  may  never  achieve  profitability  and  expect  to  incur  net  losses  in  the  foreseeable  future.  See  “Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We rely upon patents to protect our technology.

The patent position of biopharmaceutical and biotechnology firms is generally uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. We do
not  know  whether  any  of  our  current  or  future  patent  applications  will  result  in  the  issuance  of  any  patents.  Even  issued  patents  may  be  challenged,
invalidated  or  circumvented.  Patents  may  not  provide  a  competitive  advantage  or  afford  protection  against  competitors  with  similar  technology.
Competitors  or  potential  competitors  may  have  filed  applications  for,  or  may  have  received  patents  and  may  obtain  additional  and  proprietary  rights  to
compounds or processes used by or competitive with ours. In addition, laws of certain foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the
same extent as do the laws of the United States.

Patent litigation is widespread in the biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industry and we cannot predict how this will affect our efforts to form
strategic alliances, conduct clinical testing or manufacture and market any products under development. If challenged, our patents may not be held valid.
We could also become involved in interference proceedings in connection with one or more of our patents or patent applications to determine priority of
invention.  If  we  become  involved  in  any  litigation,  interference  or  other  administrative  proceedings,  we  will  likely  incur  substantial  expenses  and  the
efforts  of  our  technical  and  management  personnel  will  be  significantly  diverted.  In  addition,  an  adverse  determination  could  subject  us  to  significant
liabilities or require us to seek licenses that may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. We may be restricted or prevented from manufacturing and
selling our products in the event of an adverse determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding or if we fail to obtain necessary licenses.

We may be unable to protect our intellectual property rights and we may be liable for infringing the intellectual property rights of others.

Our  ability  to  compete  effectively  will  depend  on  our  ability  to  maintain  the  proprietary  nature  of  our  technologies.  We  currently  hold  several
pending  patent  applications  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  Brazil,  Europe,  India,  Hong  Kong,  Japan  and  China  for  our  technologies  covering  oral
administration of insulin and other proteins and oral administration of exenatide and proteins and 117 patents issued by the United States and various other
countries’ patent offices that cover a part of our technology, which allows for the oral delivery of proteins; patents issued by various patent offices that
cover part of our technology for the oral delivery of exenatide; and patents issued by patent offices for treating diabetes. Further, we rely on a combination
of  trade  secrets  and  non-disclosure  and  other  contractual  agreements  and  technical  measures  to  protect  our  rights  in  our  technology.  We  depend  upon
confidentiality  agreements  with  our  officers,  directors,  employees,  consultants,  and  subcontractors,  as  well  as  collaborative  partners,  to  maintain  the
proprietary  nature  of  our  technology.  These  measures  may  not  afford  us  sufficient  or  complete  protection,  and  others  may  independently  develop
technology  similar  to  ours,  otherwise  avoid  our  confidentiality  agreements,  or  produce  patents  that  would  materially  and  adversely  affect  our  business,
prospects, financial condition and results of operations. We believe that our technology is not subject to any infringement actions based upon the patents of
any third parties; however, our technology may in the future be found to infringe upon the rights of others. Others may assert infringement claims against
us or against companies to which we have licensed our technology, and if we should be found to infringe upon their patents, or otherwise impermissibly
utilize their intellectual property, our ability to continue to use our technology could be materially restricted or prohibited. If this event occurs, we may be
required to obtain licenses from the holders of this intellectual property, enter into royalty agreements, or redesign our products so as not to utilize this
intellectual property, each of which may prove to be uneconomical or otherwise impossible. Licenses or royalty agreements required in order for us to use
this technology may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. These claims could result in litigation, which could materially adversely affect our
business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Further, we may need to indemnify companies to which we licensed our technology in the
event that such technology is found to infringe upon the rights of others.

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our commercial success will also depend significantly on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third
parties.  Patent  applications  are,  in  many  cases,  maintained  in  secrecy  until  patents  are  issued.  The  publication  of  discoveries  in  the  scientific  or  patent
literature frequently occurs substantially later than the date on which the underlying discoveries were made and patent applications are filed. In the event of
infringement or violation of another party’s patent, we may be prevented from pursuing product development or commercialization. See “Item 1. Business
—Description of Business— Intellectual Property and Patents.”

Our success was primarily dependent on the successful commercialization of our oral insulin capsule.

The  successful  commercialization  of  our  principal  product,  the  oral  insulin  capsule,  was  crucial  for  our  success.  On  January  12,  2023,  we
announced top-line results from the phase 3 trial of our oral insulin capsule, which did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints, and indicated that we
expect  to  discontinue  oral  insulin  clinical  activities  for  T2D.  At  present,  following  the  results  of  the  ORA-D-013-1  Phase  3  trial,  we  conducted  a
comprehensive analysis of the data to understand if there is a path forward for our oral insulin candidate and are working on a protocol for a new Phase 3
clinical trial to be submitted to the FDA. Concurrently, we are examining our existing pipeline and have commenced an evaluation process of potential
strategic opportunities. Even if we succeed in commencing a new clinical trial for our oral insulin capsule, there are a variety of risks and uncertainties
related to its development. Principally, these risks include the following:

● Future clinical trial results may show the same results as the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial;

● Future clinical trial results may be inconsistent with previous preliminary testing results and data from our earlier trials may be inconsistent

with clinical data;

● Even if our oral insulin capsule is shown to be safe and effective for its intended purposes in future clinical trials, we may face significant or

unforeseen difficulties in obtaining or manufacturing sufficient quantities or at reasonable prices;

● Our ability  to  complete  the  development  and  commercialization  of  the  oral  insulin  capsule  for  our  intended  use  is  significantly  dependent
upon our ability to obtain and maintain experienced and committed partners to assist us with obtaining clinical and regulatory approvals for,
and the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of, the oral insulin capsule on a worldwide basis;

● Even if our oral insulin capsule is successfully developed, commercially produced and receives all necessary regulatory approvals, there is no

guarantee that there will be market acceptance of our product; and

● Our competitors may develop therapeutics or other treatments which are superior or less costly than our own with the result that our products,

even if they are successfully developed, manufactured and approved, may not generate significant revenues.

Our  business  may  be  seriously  harmed  if  our  analysis  does  not  produce  positive  results,  if  we  are  unable  to  find  a  path  forward  to  continue
development  of  our  oral  insulin  capsule,  if  we  are  unsuccessful  in  realizing  new  strategic  opportunities  or  dealing  with  any  of  these  risks,  or  if  we  are
unable to successfully commercialize our oral insulin capsule for some other reason.

We have limited experience in conducting clinical trials.

Clinical  trials  must  meet  FDA  and  foreign  regulatory  requirements.  We  have  limited  experience  in  designing,  conducting  and  managing  the
preclinical  trials  and  clinical  trials  necessary  to  obtain  regulatory  approval  for  our  product  candidates  in  any  country.  In  the  past,  we  entered  into
agreements with Integrium LLC and other consultants to assist us in designing, conducting and managing our various clinical trials in the United States,
Europe and Israel. Any failure of a consultant to fulfill their obligations could result in significant additional costs as well as delays in designing, consulting
and completing clinical trials on our products.

15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our clinical trials may encounter delays, suspensions or other problems.

We  may  encounter  problems  in  clinical  trials  that  may  cause  us  or  the  FDA  or  foreign  regulatory  agencies  to  delay,  suspend  or  terminate  our
clinical trials at any phase. These problems could include the possibility that we may not be able to conduct clinical trials at our preferred sites, enroll a
sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials at one or more sites or begin or successfully complete clinical trials in a timely fashion, if at all. For
example, the rate of enrollment for our Phase 1 clinical trial for our oral COVID-19 vaccine in South Africa was slower than anticipated due to several
factors, including the fact that many volunteers did not qualify during screening due to prior asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and other conditions, and
as a result we had to add an additional clinical site. Furthermore, we, the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies may suspend clinical trials at any time if we
or they believe the subjects participating in the trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or if we or they find deficiencies in the clinical trial
process or conduct of the investigation. If clinical trials of any of the product candidates fail, we will not be able to market the product candidate which is
the subject of the failed clinical trials. The FDA and foreign regulatory agencies could also require additional clinical trials, which would result in increased
costs and significant development delays. Our failure to adequately demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of a pharmaceutical product candidate under
development  could  delay  or  prevent  regulatory  approval  of  the  product  candidate  and  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  prospects,
financial condition and results of operations. For example, see “Item 1. Business—Description of Business— Research and Development” regarding the
results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial that did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted clinical trials
generally in recent years, and we experienced approximately six months of delays in clinical trials due to slow-downs of recruitment for trials generally
related  to  COVID-19.  We  may  experience  further  delays  in  site  initiation  and  patient  enrollment,  failures  to  comply  with  study  protocols,  delays  in  the
manufacture of our product candidates for clinical testing and other difficulties in starting or competing our clinical trials.

Initial success in the completed and ongoing early-stage clinical trials does not ensure success in later stage trials, regulatory approval or

commercial viability of a product.

Positive results in a clinical trial may not be replicated in subsequent or confirmatory trials. Additionally, success in preclinical work or early stage
clinical  trials  does  not  ensure  that  later  stage  or  larger  scale  clinical  trials  will  be  successful  or  that  regulatory  approval  will  be  obtained.  Any  of  our
product’s  failure  to  show  sufficient  efficacy  in  patients  with  the  targeted  indication,  or  if  such  studies  are  discontinued  for  any  other  reason,  could
negatively  impact  our  development  and  commercialization  goals  for  these  products  and  our  stock  price  could  decline.  Many  companies  in  the
biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding
promising  results  in  earlier  trials.  As  a  result,  preliminary  and  interim  data  should  be  viewed  with  caution  until  the  final  data  are  available.  We  have
invested  in  clinical  studies  of  medicines  that  have  not  met  the  primary  clinical  endpoints  in  their  Phase  3  studies  or  have  been  discontinued  for  other
reasons. For example, in January 2023, we reported that ORA-D-013-1 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoint. Even if later stage clinical
trials are successful, regulatory authorities may delay or decline approval of our product candidates.

There  are  a  number  of  factors  that  could  cause  a  clinical  study  to  fail  or  be  delayed,  including:  (i)  the  clinical  study  may  produce  negative  or
inconclusive results; (ii) regulators may require that we hold, suspend or terminate clinical research for noncompliance with regulatory requirements; (iii)
we, our partners, the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities could suspend or terminate a clinical study due to adverse side effects of a product on subjects
or lack of efficacy in the trial; (iv) we, or our partners, may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional preclinical testing or clinical studies;
(v) change in rates of enrollment and dropout among clinical trial participants; (vi) differences in the size and type of the patient populations; (vii) changes
in and adherence to the dosing regimen and other clinical trial protocols; and (viii) people who enroll in the clinical study may later drop out due to adverse
events,  a  perception  they  are  not  benefiting  from  participating  in  the  study,  fatigue  with  the  clinical  study  process  or  personal  or  other  issues.  The
occurrence of any of these events could result in significant costs and expense, have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations and/or cause our stock price to decline or experience periods of volatility.

Clinical trials of our products conducted by third parties may encounter delays, suspensions or other problems and are outside of our

control.

Third parties who conduct clinical trials of our products may encounter problems that may cause delays, suspensions or other problems at any
phase. These problems could include the possibility that they may not be able to conduct clinical trials at their preferred sites, enroll a sufficient number of
patients for their clinical trials at one or more sites or begin or successfully complete clinical trials in a timely fashion, if at all. For example, the rate of
enrollment for our Phase 1 clinical trial for our oral COVID-19 vaccine in South Africa was slower than anticipated due to several factors, including the
fact that many volunteers did not qualify during screening due to prior asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and other conditions, and as a result we had to
add an additional clinical site. In addition, these third parties are not controlled by us and may conduct these trials in a manner in which we disagree or
which  may  prove  to  be  unsuccessful.  Furthermore,  domestic  or  foreign  regulatory  agencies  may  suspend  clinical  trials  at  any  time  if  they  believe  the
subjects participating in the trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or if they find deficiencies in the clinical trial process or conduct of the
investigation. If such clinical trials conducted by third parties fail, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and
results of operations.

16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We can provide no assurance that our products will obtain regulatory approval or that the results of clinical trials will be favorable.

The testing, marketing and manufacturing of any of our products will require the approval of the FDA or regulatory agencies of other countries.
We  cannot  predict  with  any  certainty  the  amount  of  time  necessary  to  obtain  regulatory  approvals,  including  from  the  FDA  or  other  foreign  regulatory
authorities, and whether any such approvals will ultimately be granted. In any event, review and approval by the regulatory bodies is anticipated to take a
number of years. Preclinical and clinical trials may reveal that one or more of our products are ineffective or unsafe, in which event further development of
such products could be seriously delayed or terminated. For example, in January 2023, we announced that our ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial did not meet its
primary or secondary endpoints. As a result, we decided to terminate our ORA-D-013-2 Phase 3 trial, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data to
understand if there is a path forward for our oral insulin candidate and are working on a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical trial to be submitted to the
FDA. Moreover, obtaining approval for certain products may require the testing on human subjects of substances whose effects on humans are not fully
understood or documented. Delays in obtaining necessary regulatory approvals of any proposed product and failure to receive such approvals would have
an adverse effect on the product’s potential commercial success and on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, it
is  possible  that  a  product  may  be  found  to  be  ineffective  or  unsafe  due  to  conditions  or  facts  which  arise  after  development  has  been  completed  and
regulatory approvals have been obtained. In this event we may be required to withdraw such product from the market. See “Item 1. Business—Description
of Business—Government Regulation.”

We are dependent upon third party suppliers of our raw materials and for other services.

We are dependent on outside vendors for our entire supply of the oral insulin capsules and do not currently have any long-term agreements in
place for the supply of oral insulin capsules, which is still necessary if we decide to continue development of these projects. While we believe that there are
numerous sources of supply available, if the third party suppliers were to cease production, or otherwise fail to supply us with quality raw materials in
sufficient  quantities  on  a  timely  basis  and  we  were  unable  to  contract  on  acceptable  terms  for  these  services  with  alternative  suppliers,  our  ability  to
produce our products and to conduct testing and clinical trials would be materially adversely affected.

We rely on suppliers, vendors, outsourcing partners, alliance partners and other third parties to research, develop, manufacture, commercialize, co-
promote and sell our products, manage certain marketing, IT, data and other business unit and functional services and meet their contractual, regulatory and
other obligations. Using these third parties poses a number of risks, such as: (i) they may not perform to our standards or legal requirements, for example,
in  relation  to  the  outsourcing  of  significant  clinical  development  activities  for  innovative  medicines  to  some  CROs;  (ii)  they  may  not  produce  reliable
products; (iii) they may not perform in a timely manner; (iv) they may not maintain confidentiality of our proprietary information; (v) they may incur a
significant  cyberattack  or  business  disruption;  (vi)  they  may  be  subject  to  government  orders  or  mandates  that  require  them  to  give  priority  to  the
government and set aside pre-existing commercial orders; (vii) disputes may arise with respect to ownership of rights to technology developed with our
partners;  and  (viii)  disagreements  could  cause  delays  in,  or  termination  of,  the  research,  development  or  commercialization  of  the  product  or  result  in
litigation or arbitration. The failure of any critical third party to meet its obligations; to adequately deploy business continuity plans in the event of a crisis;
and/or  to  satisfactorily  resolve  significant  disagreements  with  us  or  address  other  factors,  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  our  operations  and
results. In addition, if these third parties violate, or are alleged to have violated, any laws or regulations, including the local pharmaceutical code, the U.S.
Foreign Corrupt Practice Act of 1977, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, the EU’s General Data Protection Regulations, and other similar laws and regulations,
during the performance of their obligations for us, we could suffer financial and reputational harm or other negative outcomes, including possible legal
consequences.

Any future revenues from HTIT are dependent upon third party suppliers and Chinese regulatory approvals.

Any  future  revenues  from  HTIT  under  the  TLA  are  dependent  upon  the  achievement  of  certain  milestones  and  conditions,  and  the  success  of
HTIT to implement our technology and to manufacture the oral insulin capsule. Any future revenues from HTIT under the TLA are also dependent upon
the ability of third parties to scale-up one of our oral capsule ingredients and to scale-up the manufacturing process of our capsules. Our future revenues
from royalties from HTIT are further dependent upon the granting of regulatory approvals in the Territory. Accordingly, if any of the foregoing does not
occur, we may not be successful in receiving future revenues from HTIT and may not succeed with our business plans in China.

17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If we fail to complete the transactions contemplated under the JV Agreement with HTIT, if such joint venture is not successful, or if we
fail to realize the benefits we anticipate from such joint venture, we may not be able to capitalize on the full market potential of our drug products
and technology.

On January 22, 2024, we entered into the JV Agreement with HTIT, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the JV

Agreement, the parties will establish a JV based on Oramed’s oral drug delivery technology.

The consummation of the JV Agreement is subject to and contingent upon the parties entering into additional agreements within a three-month
period,  including  an  asset  transfer  agreement  for  the  transfer  of  Oramed’s  intellectual  property  to  the  JV,  a  commercial  supply  agreement  for  the
manufacture and supply of products by HTIT to the JV, as well as other documents and agreements to regulate the relationship of the parties and the JV to
be  formed  pursuant  to  the  JV  Agreement.  There  is  no  assurance  that  the  parties  will  complete  and  sign  these  additional  agreements  within  the  agreed
timeline  or  at  all.  If  such  agreements  are  not  signed  within  the  agreed  timeframe,  then  either  party  may  apply  a  30-day  extension,  after  which  the  JV
Agreement may be terminated and voided by either party. Thereafter, the consummation of the JV transaction is further subject to the satisfaction or waiver
of certain other closing conditions within a three-month period following the completion of the aforesaid ancillary agreements. If the closing conditions are
not met within the agreed timeframe, then either party may apply a 30-day extension, after which the JV Agreement may be terminated and voided by
either party.

If we do not successfully complete the ancillary agreements in a timely manner, or at all, this may harm our ability to complete additional clinical

trials and marketing of our oral insulin candidate. In addition, this may cause irreparable harm to our financial position and business operations.

Furthermore, there can be no assurances that the JV will receive the necessary regulatory approvals for the Phase 3 oral insulin trial in the United
States or that our drug products and our technology will be developed and commercialized successfully. In addition, the JV will subject us to a number of
risks including risks relating to the lack of full control of the JV, potential disagreements with HTIT about how to manage the JV that may result in the
delay or termination of the commercialization of our products or product candidates or that result in costly litigation or arbitration that diverts management
attention and resources, conflicting interests of the JV, and the JV and its business not being profitable.

While we believe that our board representation, voting rights and other contractual rights with respect to the JV will serve to mitigate some of
these  risks,  we  may  have  disagreements  with  the  other  directors  and  HTIT  that  could  impair  our  ability  to  influence  the  JV  to  act  in  a  manner  that  we
believe is in the best interest of the Company.

If we do not resolve our dispute with HTIT favorably, we may need to reverse deferred revenue of up to $2 million and will not receive an

additional $4 million in royalties.

On August 21, 2020, we received a letter from HTIT, disputing certain pending payment obligations of HTIT under the TLA. We estimate this
obligation  to  be  between  $2  million  and  $6  million.  While  we  wholly  disputed  said  claims  and  are  planning  to  resolve  any  such  claims  as  part  of  our
discussions with HTIT, if we are not successful in consummating the JV or resolving the claims as part of the JV, we may be subsequently required to repay
to HTIT up to $2 million, which has been received and has been included in our deferred revenue in each of the consolidated balance sheets for the years
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. In addition, we will not receive an additional $4 million in Royalties if HTIT is entitled to the full disputed amount of
$6 million.

We may not realize a return on the ordinary shares of DNA and Entera that we own.

DNA’s ordinary shares are traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and Entera’s ordinary shares are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market, both of
which are subject to market fluctuations, and may, at times, have a price below the value on the date we acquired such shares. In addition, the ordinary
shares of DNA and Entera have historically experienced low trading volume. As a result, there is no guarantee that we will be able to resell the ordinary
shares of DNA or Entera at the prevailing market prices or that we will realize a positive return on such shares.

We may not realize the full benefit from our distribution license agreement with Medicox.

Our distribution license agreement with Medicox provides that Medicox will comply with agreed distribution targets and will purchase ORMD-
0801  at  an  agreed  upon  transfer  price  per  capsule  and  pay  us  up  to  $15  million  in  developmental  milestones,  $2  million  of  which  have  already  been
received by us. If we are not successful in finding a mutually agreed way to continue our collaboration following the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3
trial, or if Medicox is not successful in independently advancing the oral insulin candidate, we may not realize the benefits from this collaboration.

18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We are highly dependent upon our ability to enter into agreements with collaborative partners to develop, commercialize and market our

products.

Our long-term strategy is to ultimately seek a strategic commercial partner, or partners, such as large pharmaceutical companies, with extensive
experience  in  the  development,  commercialization,  and  marketing  of  insulin  applications  and/or  other  orally  digestible  drugs.  Such  planned  strategic
partnership,  or  partnerships,  may  provide  a  marketing  and  sales  infrastructure  for  our  products  as  well  as  financial  and  operational  support  for  global
clinical trials, post marketing trials, label expansions and other regulatory requirements concerning future clinical development in the United States and
elsewhere. We currently lack the resources to manufacture any of our product candidates on a large scale and we have no sales, marketing or distribution
capabilities. In the event we are not able to enter into a collaborative agreement with a partner, or partners, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, we
may be unable to commercialize our products, which would have a material adverse effect upon our business, prospects, financial condition and results of
operations. 

The  biotechnology  and  biopharmaceutical  industries  are  characterized  by  rapid  technological  developments  and  a  high  degree  of

competition. We may be unable to compete with more substantial enterprises.

The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition. As a
result, our products could become obsolete before we recoup any portion of our related research and development and commercialization expenses. These
industries  are  highly  competitive,  and  this  competition  comes  both  from  biotechnology  firms  and  from  major  pharmaceutical  and  chemical  companies.
Many of these companies have substantially greater financial, marketing and human resources than we do (including, in some cases, substantially greater
experience  in  clinical  testing,  manufacturing  and  marketing  of  pharmaceutical  products).  We  also  experience  competition  in  the  development  of  our
products from universities and other research institutions and compete with others in acquiring technology from such universities and institutions. We face
the risk that new market entrants and existing competition may try to replicate our business model or introduce a more innovative offering that renders our
services  less  competitive  or  obsolete.  In  addition,  our  research  and  development  efforts  may  target  diseases  and  conditions  for  which  there  are  existing
therapies or therapies that are being developed by our competitors. Further, any products resulting from our research and development efforts might not be
able to compete successfully with others’ existing and future products. See “Item 1. Business—Description of Business—Competition.”

Our financial position or results could be negatively affected by product liability claims.

It is possible that we will be responsible for potential product liability stemming from product research, development or manufacturing and may
face  an  even  greater  risk  if  any  product  candidate  that  we  develop  is  commercialized.  If  we  cannot  successfully  defend  ourselves  against  claims  that
products we develop independently or with our partners caused injuries, we could incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of the merit or eventual outcome
of such claims, any liability claims may result in, among other things, decreased demand for any product that we may develop, loss of revenues, significant
time and costs to defend the related litigation, initiation of investigations by regulators and injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention.
On occasion, large judgments have been awarded in class action lawsuits based on drugs or medical treatments that had unanticipated adverse effects. Our
clinical trials are covered by liability insurance, but notwithstanding such coverage, our financial position or results could be negatively affected by product
liability claims.

We have limited senior management resources and may be required to obtain more resources to manage our growth.

We expect the expansion of our business, as well as the activities we take as a result of our strategic review process, to place a significant strain on
our  limited  managerial,  operational  and  financial  resources.  We  will  be  required  to  expand  our  operational  and  financial  systems  significantly  and  to
expand, train and manage our work force in order to manage the expansion of our operations. Our failure to fully integrate our new employees into our
operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to attract and retain
highly skilled personnel is critical to our operations and expansion. We face competition for these types of personnel from other technology companies and
more  established  organizations,  many  of  which  have  significantly  larger  operations  and  greater  financial,  technical,  human  and  other  resources  than  we
have. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel on a timely basis, on competitive terms or at all. If we are not successful in
attracting  and  retaining  these  personnel,  our  business,  prospects,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  will  be  materially  adversely  affected.  See
“Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations,”  “Item  1.  Business—Description  of  Business—
Employees.”

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We depend upon our senior management and skilled personnel and their loss or unavailability could put us at a competitive disadvantage.

We  currently  depend  upon  the  efforts  and  abilities  of  our  senior  executives,  as  well  as  the  services  of  several  key  consultants  and  other  key
personnel,  including  Dr.  Miriam  Kidron,  our  Chief  Scientific  Officer.  The  loss  or  unavailability  of  the  services  of  any  of  these  individuals  for  any
significant period of time could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. We do not maintain
“key  man”  life  insurance  policies  for  any  of  our  senior  executives.  In  addition,  recruiting  and  retaining  qualified  scientific  personnel  to  perform  future
research and development work will be critical to our success. There is currently a shortage of employees with expertise in developing, manufacturing and
commercialization of products and related clinical and regulatory affairs, and this shortage is likely to continue. Competition for skilled personnel is intense
and turnover rates are high. Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel may be limited. Our inability to attract and retain qualified skilled personnel
would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Our existing and any future joint ventures may limit our flexibility with jointly owned investments and we may not realize the benefits we

expect from these arrangements. 

We are currently party to certain joint ventures, and we may in the future sell or contribute additional assets or acquire, develop or recapitalize

assets to or in these joint ventures or other joint ventures that we may enter.

Our participation in our existing joint ventures is subject to risks, including the following:

● We share approval rights over certain major decisions affecting the ownership or operation of the joint ventures and any assets owned by the

joint ventures;

● We may need to contribute additional capital in order to preserve, maintain or grow the joint ventures and their investments;

● Our joint venture investors may have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals

and that could affect our ability to fully benefit from the assets owned by the joint ventures;

● Our joint venture investors may be subject to different laws or regulations than us, which could create conflicts of interest;

● Our joint ventures may have license and other agreements with other investors, which we are not party to and have no control over;

● Our ability to sell our interests in, or sell additional assets to, the joint ventures or the joint ventures’ ability to sell additional interests of, or
assets owned by, the joint ventures when we so desire are subject to the approval rights of the other joint venture investors under the terms of
the agreements governing the joint ventures; and

● Disagreements with our joint venture investors could result in litigation or arbitration that could be expensive and distracting to management

and could delay important decisions.

Any  of  the  foregoing  risks  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  Further,  these,
similar, enhanced or additional risks, including possible risks of the other joint venture investors having licensed assets to the joint venture, may apply to
any future additional or amended joint ventures that we may enter into. 

Healthcare  policy  changes,  including  pending  legislation  recently  adopted  and  further  proposals  still  pending  to  reform  the  U.S.

healthcare system, may harm our future business.

Healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past decade. There have been and continue to be proposals by legislators, regulators and third-
party payors to keep these costs down. Certain proposals, if passed, would impose limitations on the prices we will be able to charge for the products that
we are developing, or the amounts of reimbursement available for these products from governmental agencies or third-party payors. These limitations could
in turn reduce the amount of revenues that we will be able to generate in the future from sales of our products and licenses of our technology.

20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In 2010, the federal government enacted healthcare reform legislation that has significantly impacted the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to
requiring most individuals to have health insurance and establishing new regulations on health plans, this legislation requires discounts under the Medicare
drug benefit program and increased rebates on drugs covered by Medicaid. In addition, the legislation imposes an annual fee, which has increased annually,
on sales by branded pharmaceutical manufacturers. There can be no assurance that our business will not be materially adversely affected by these increased
rebates, fees and other provisions. In addition, these and other initiatives in the United States may continue the pressure on drug pricing, especially under
the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and may also increase regulatory burdens and operating costs. The announcement or adoption of any such initiative
could have an adverse effect on potential revenues from any product that we may successfully develop. An expansion in government’s role in the U.S.
healthcare industry may lower the future revenues for the products we are developing and adversely affect our future business, possibly materially.

In September 2017, members of the U.S. Congress introduced legislation with the announced intention to repeal and replace major provisions of
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or the ACA. In addition to those efforts, on October 12, 2017, an executive order was issued that modified
certain  aspects  of  the  ACA.  Following  several  years  of  litigation  in  the  federal  courts,  in  June  2021,  the  U.S.  Supreme  Court  upheld  the  ACA  when  it
dismissed a legal challenge to the ACA’s constitutionality. Further attempts to repeal or to repeal and replace the ACA may continue. In addition, various
other  healthcare  reform  proposals  have  also  emerged  at  the  federal  and  state  level.  We  cannot  predict  what  healthcare  initiatives,  if  any,  will  be
implemented at the federal or state level, or the effect any future legislation or regulation will have on us.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

A considerable amount of our expenses are generated in dollars or in dollar-linked currencies, but a significant portion of our expenses such as
some clinical trials and payroll costs are generated in other currencies such as NIS and Euro. Most of the time, our non-dollar assets are not totally offset by
non-dollar liabilities. Due to the foregoing and to the fact that our financial results are measured in dollars, our results could be adversely affected as a
result of a strengthening or weakening of the dollar compared to these other currencies. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the
dollar  depreciated  in  relation  to  the  NIS,  which  raised  the  dollar  cost  of  our  Israeli  based  operations  and  adversely  affected  our  financial  results,  while
during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the dollar increased in relation to the NIS, which reduced the dollar cost of our Israeli based operations
costs. In addition, our results could also be adversely affected if we are unable to guard against currency fluctuations in the future. Although we may in the
future decide to undertake foreign exchange hedging transactions to cover a portion of our foreign currency exchange exposure, we currently do not hedge
our exposure to foreign currency exchange risks. These transactions, however, may not adequately protect us from future currency fluctuations and, even if
they do protect us, may involve operational or financing costs we would not otherwise incur.

We face uncertainties related to Oravax’s oral COVID-19 vaccine.

We  face  uncertainties  related  to  Oravax’s  oral  COVID-19  vaccine,  including  uncertainties  related  to  the  risk  that  our  continued  development
programs  may  not  be  successful,  commercially  viable  or  receive  approval  from  regulatory  authorities.  Other  companies  may  produce  superior  or
competitive  oral  or  other  products  that  make  Oravax’s  oral  COVID-19  vaccine  not  commercially  worthwhile.  Even  if  we  succeed  in  developing  the
product, the demand for any product we may develop may no longer exist, given the fluid nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, including possible decreased
demand for vaccines due to weaker strains, the need for different vaccines for new variants of the virus or an end of the pandemic that may render Oravax’s
vaccine obsolete.

Risks Related to the Note

We  have  lent  a  substantial  amount  of  funds  to  Scilex.  In  the  event  that  Scilex  is  unable  to  service  its  obligations  under  the  Note  and

defaults on such Note, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.

On September 21, 2023, we were issued the Note in an aggregate principal amount of $101,875,000 by Scilex pursuant to the Scilex SPA. The
Note matures on March 21, 2025 and is payable in six principal installments, with the first installment paid on December 21, 2023. Interest under the Note
accrues at a fluctuating per annum interest rate equal to the sum of (1) the greater of (x) four percent (4%) and (y) Term SOFR (as defined in the Note) and
(2) eight and one half percent (8.5%), payable in-kind on a monthly basis.

21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There is no guarantee that Scilex will be able to service its repayment obligations under the Note. Although the Note is secured by a first priority
security interest in and liens on all of the assets of Scilex and its subsidiaries, no assurance can be made that Scilex will be able to repay the Note when due
or that we will be able to foreclose on such assets and recover enough value upon the sale of such assets to repay the amounts owed to us. In such an event,
we could lose all or a substantial portion of our loan investment. Additionally, Scilex has disclosed in its periodic reports filed with the SEC that there is
substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. If Scilex is unable to continue as a going concern or defaults on the Note, we may be
unable  to  recover  some  or  all  of  the  principal  amount  of  the  Note,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  affect  on  our  business,  financial  condition  and
results of operations.

We may have difficulty realizing the full value of the Warrants.

The Closing Penny Warrant will be exercisable upon the earliest of (i) March 14, 2025, (ii) the date on which the Note has been repaid in full, and
(iii)  the  Management  Sale  Trigger  Date  (as  defined  therein),  if  any,  and  will  expire  on  the  date  that  is  the  fifth  anniversary  of  the  issuance  date.  For
purposes of the Penny Warrants, the Management Sale Trigger Date is generally the first date that certain members of Scilex management engage in certain
sales or other similar transfers of shares of Scilex Common Stock or other of Scilex’s or any of its subsidiaries’ securities, subject to certain exceptions as
are customary for lock-up agreements executed by directors and officers in connection with financings or similar transactions.

The Subsequent Penny Warrants will vest and become exercisable on the date that is the later of (i) Subsequent Penny Warrant Vesting Date, and
(ii) the earliest of (A) March 14, 2025, (B) the date on which the Note has been repaid in full and (C) the Management Sale Trigger Date, if any. Each
Subsequent Penny Warrant will expire on the date that is the fifth anniversary of the issuance date; provided that, if the Note is repaid in full prior to the
Subsequent Penny Warrant Vesting Date applicable to such Subsequent Penny Warrant, such Subsequent Penny Warrant will expire on the date the Note is
repaid in full.

The Transferred  Warrants  are  listed  on  Nasdaq,  have  an  exercise  price  of  $11.50  per  share,  are  fully  exercisable,  and  expire  on  November  10,

2027.

Because of the foregoing restrictions on exercisability of the Closing Penny Warrant and the Subsequent Penny Warrants, and exercise price of the
Transferred Warrants, we may not be able to exercise the Warrants for shares of Scilex Common Stock at a time when it would be financially beneficial for
us to do so. Accordingly, there is no guarantee that we will be able to realize the full or any value of the Warrants.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

Future sales of our common stock by our existing stockholders could adversely affect our stock price.

The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market, or the
perception that these sales could occur. We experienced a significant decline in the market price of our common stock and a significant increase in trading
volume after announcing the results of our ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial in January 2023. Any strategic decision we make as a result of our strategic review
process may also negatively affect our common stock price or cause volatility in the market price of our common stock. Sales of large amounts of our
securities or large variations in trading volume might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem
appropriate. As of March 6, 2024, we had outstanding 40,519,160 shares of common stock, a large majority of which are freely tradable. Giving effect to
the exercise in full of all of our outstanding warrants, options and restricted stock units, or RSUs, including those currently unexercisable or unvested, we
would have outstanding 45,487,537 shares of common stock.

Our issuance of warrants, options and RSUs to investors, employees and consultants may have a negative effect on the trading prices of

our common stock as well as a dilutive effect.

We have issued and may continue to issue warrants, options, RSUs and convertible notes at, above or below the current market price. As of March
6, 2024, we had outstanding warrants and options exercisable for 20,000 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $4.13. We also
had outstanding RSUs exercisable for 350,761 shares of common stock. In addition to the dilutive effect of a large number of shares of common stock and
a low exercise price for the warrants and options, there is a potential that a large number of underlying shares of common stock may be sold in the open
market at any given time, which could place downward pressure on the trading of our common stock.

22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Because we will not pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, investors may have to sell shares of our common stock in order to realize

their investment.

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain
future  earnings,  if  any,  for  reinvestment  in  the  development  and  expansion  of  our  business.  Any  credit  agreements  which  we  may  enter  into  with
institutional lenders or otherwise may restrict our ability to pay dividends. Whether we pay cash dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our
Board  and  will  be  dependent  upon  our  financial  condition,  results  of  operations,  capital  requirements  and  any  other  factors  that  our  Board  decides  is
relevant.

Our failure to maintain compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Market’s continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of our

common stock.

Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain this listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other
requirements. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires the minimum bid price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market to remain above $1.00.
If the bid price of our common stock closes below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days, we would be in violation of Nasdaq Listing Rule
5550(a)(2).  In  accordance  with  Nasdaq  Listing  Rule  5810(c)(3)(A),  we  would  have  180  calendar  days  to  regain  compliance  with  the  minimum  bid
requirement.

While we intend to engage in efforts to maintain compliance, and thus maintain our listing, there can be no assurance that we will continue to meet
all applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements in the future, especially in light of any strategic transaction we may choose to undertake. If our common
stock were removed from listing with the Nasdaq Capital Market, it may be subject to the so-called “penny stock” rules. The SEC has adopted regulations
that  define  a  “penny  stock”  to  be  any  equity  security  that  has  a  market  price  per  share  of  less  than  $5.00,  subject  to  certain  exceptions,  such  as  any
securities listed on a national securities exchange, which is the exception on which we currently rely. For any transaction involving a “penny stock,” unless
exempt, the rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers, subject to certain exceptions. If our common stock were delisted and
determined to be a “penny stock,” a broker-dealer may find it more difficult to trade our common stock and an investor may find it more difficult to acquire
or dispose of our common stock on the secondary market.

If our common stock is delisted and there is no longer an active trading market for our shares, it may, among other things: cause stockholders
difficulty  in  selling  our  shares  without  depressing  the  market  price  for  the  shares  or  selling  our  shares  at  all;  substantially  impair  our  ability  to  raise
additional  funds;  result  in  a  loss  of  institutional  investor  interest  and  fewer  financing  opportunities  for  us;  and/or  result  in  costly  litigation,  significant
liabilities and diversion of our management’s time and attention and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business and results of
operations.

A delisting would also reduce the value of our equity compensation plans, which could negatively impact our ability to retain employees.

As the market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, this may make it difficult for you to sell your shares of common

stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.

The price of our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market and on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and constantly changes. In
recent years, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. We expect that the market price of our common stock will
continue  to  fluctuate.  These  fluctuations  may  result  from  a  variety  of  factors,  many  of  which  are  beyond  our  control.  For  example,  we  experienced  a
significant decline in the market price of our common stock after announcing the results of our ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial in January 2023. These factors
include:

● market acceptance of our new strategy, once determined and announced;

● clinical trial results and the timing of the release of such results;

● the amount of cash resources and our ability to obtain additional funding;

● announcements of research activities, business developments, technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors;

● entering into or terminating strategic relationships;

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
● changes in government regulation;

● departure of key personnel;

● disputes concerning patents or proprietary rights;

● changes in expense level;

● future sales of our equity or equity-related securities;

● public concern regarding the safety, efficacy or other aspects of the products or methodologies being developed;

● activities of various interest groups or organizations;

● media coverage; and

● status of the investment markets.

Future sales of common stock or the issuance of securities senior to our common stock or convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable
for,  our  common  stock  could  materially  adversely  affect  the  trading  price  of  our  common  stock,  and  our  ability  to  raise  funds  in  new  equity
offerings.

Future  sales  of  substantial  amounts  of  our  common  stock,  including  pursuant  to  any  strategic  opportunity,  the  Cantor  Equity  Distribution
Agreement  (as  defined  below),  or  other  equity-related  securities  in  the  public  market  or  privately,  or  the  perception  that  such  sales  could  occur,  could
adversely  affect  prevailing  trading  prices  of  our  common  stock  and  could  impair  our  ability  to  raise  capital  through  future  offerings  of  equity  or  other
equity-related  securities.  We  anticipate  that  we  will  need  to  raise  capital  through  offerings  of  equity  and  equity  related  securities.  We  can  make  no
prediction as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares of our common stock or equity-related securities, or the availability of shares of common stock
for future sale, will have on the trading price of our common stock.

Our stockholders may experience significant dilution as a result of any additional financing using our equity securities.

To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, including in connection with any strategic opportunity or pursuant to the
Cantor Equity Distribution Agreement, our stockholders may experience significant dilution. Additionally, we may, from time to time or in connection with
a  strategic  alternative,  issue  additional  shares  of  common  stock  at  a  discount  from  the  current  trading  price  of  our  common  stock.  As  a  result,  our
stockholders would experience immediate dilution upon the purchase of any shares of our common stock sold at such discount. In addition, as opportunities
present themselves, we may enter into financing or similar arrangements in the future, including the issuance of convertible debt securities, preferred stock
or common stock. If we issue common stock or securities convertible into common stock, our common stockholders would experience additional dilution
and, as a result, our stock price may decline.

Risks Related to Conducting Business in Israel

We are affected by the political, economic and military risks of having operations in Israel.

We have operations in the State of Israel, and we are directly affected by political, economic and security conditions in that country. Since the
establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors and a state of hostility,
varying in degree and intensity, has led to security and economic problems for Israel. In addition, acts of terrorism, armed conflicts or political instability in
the region could negatively affect local business conditions and harm our results of operations. We cannot predict the effect on the region of any diplomatic
initiatives  or  political  developments  involving  Israel  or  the  Palestinians  or  other  countries  and  territories  in  the  Middle  East.  Recent  political  events,
including political uprisings, social unrest and regime change, in various countries in the Middle East and North Africa have weakened the stability of those
countries and territories, which could result in extremists coming to power. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel and is widely believed to be
developing nuclear weapons. Iran is also believed to have a strong influence among extremist groups in the region, such as Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah
in Lebanon. This situation has escalated in the past and may potentially escalate in the future to violent events which may affect Israel and us. On October
7, 2023, the State of Israel was attacked by and subsequently declared war on Hamas. Israel has been in an ongoing state of war with Hamas since that
time. Following the attack by Hamas, Hezbollah has also launched attacks against Israel and Israel has been responding to these attacks with targeted air
strikes. It is possible that other terrorist organizations, including Palestinian military organizations in the West Bank, as well as other hostile countries, such
as  Iran,  will  join  the  hostilities. Although  we  believe  that  there  is  no  immediate  risk  to  our  business  operations  related  to  these  events,  our  business,
prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected if such hostilities involving Israel continue or escalate or if
trade or scientific cooperation between Israel and its current partners is interrupted or curtailed. Moreover, we cannot predict how this war will ultimately
affect Israel’s economy in general, which may involve a downgrade in Israel’s credit rating by rating agencies (such as the recent downgrade by Moody’s of
its credit rating of Israel from A1 to A2, as well as the downgrade of its outlook rating from “stable” to “negative”). We may also be targeted by cyber
terrorists specifically because we are an Israeli-related company.

24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All  adult  male  permanent  residents  of  Israel,  unless  exempt,  may  be  required  to  perform  military  reserve  duty  annually.  Additionally,  all  such
residents are subject to being called to active duty at any time under emergency circumstances, and several hundred thousand Israeli military reservists
were drafted to perform immediate military service during the current war with Hamas and other hostile elements, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon. Some of
our employees may in the future be obligated to perform annual military reserve duty, although none were called up for reserves in the current war. If called
up,  such  persons  may  be  absent  from  their  positions  for  a  lengthy  period  of  time.  We  can  provide  no  assurance  that  such  requirements  will  not  have  a
material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations in the future, particularly if emergency circumstances occur.

Because  we  received  grants  from  the  Israel  Innovation  Authority  of  the  Israeli  Ministry  of  Economy  and  Industry  we  are  subject  to

ongoing restrictions.

We received royalty-bearing grants from the Israel Innovation Authority of the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry, or IIA, for research and
development programs that meet specified criteria. We did not recognize any grants in the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We do
not  expect  to  receive  further  grants  from  the  IIA  in  the  future.  The  terms  of  the  IIA  grants  limit  our  ability  to  transfer  know-how  developed  under  an
approved research and development program outside of Israel, regardless of whether the royalties were fully paid.

It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us or our officers and directors and to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel.

Almost all of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States. As a result, service of process upon
us, our Israeli subsidiary and our directors and officers, may be difficult to obtain within the United States. Furthermore, because the majority of our assets
and investments, and most of our directors and officers are located outside the United States, it may be difficult for investors to enforce within the United
States any judgments obtained against us or any such officers or directors. Additionally, it may be difficult to assert U.S. securities law claims in original
actions instituted in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on a violation of U.S. securities laws because Israel is not the most appropriate
forum in which to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is
applicable to such claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact, which can be a time-consuming
and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law.

Subject to specified time limitations and legal procedures, under the rules of private international law currently prevailing in Israel, Israeli courts
may  enforce  a  U.S.  judgment  in  a  civil  matter,  including  a  judgment  based  upon  the  civil  liability  provisions  of  the  U.S.  securities  laws,  as  well  as  a
monetary or compensatory judgment in a non-civil matter, provided that the following key conditions are met:

● subject to limited exceptions, the judgment is final and non-appealable;

● the judgment was given by a court competent under the laws of the state in which the court is located and is otherwise enforceable in such

state;

● the judgment was rendered by a court competent under the rules of private international law applicable in Israel;

● the laws of the state in which the judgment was given provides for the enforcement of judgments of Israeli courts;

● adequate service of process has been effected and the defendant has had a reasonable opportunity to present its arguments and evidence;

● the judgment and its enforcement are not contrary to the law, public policy, security or sovereignty of the State of Israel;

● the judgment was not obtained by fraud and does not conflict with any other valid judgment in the same matter between the same parties; and

● an action between the same parties in the same matter was not pending in any Israeli court at the time the lawsuit was instituted in the U.S.

court.

If any of these conditions are not met, Israeli courts will likely not enforce the applicable U.S. judgment.

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General Risk Factors

Changes to tax laws could have a negative effect on us or our stockholders.

At any time, the U.S. federal or state income tax laws, or the administrative interpretations of those laws, may be amended. Federal and state tax
laws are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of the Treasury and
state taxing authorities. Changes to the tax laws, regulations and administrative interpretations, which may have retroactive application, could adversely
affect us. Our stockholders are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors about the potential effects that changes in law may have on them and their
ownership of our securities.

Our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures, cyber-attacks or deficiencies in our cyber-security.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems, and those of third parties on which we rely, are vulnerable to
damage from computer viruses, malware, natural disasters, terrorism, war, telecommunication and electrical failures, cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusions over
the Internet, attachments to emails, persons inside our organization, or persons with access to systems inside our organization. The risk of a security breach
or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has generally
increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. If such an event were to
occur  and  cause  interruptions  in  our  operations,  it  could  result  in  a  material  disruption  of  our  product  development  programs.  For  example,  the  loss  of
clinical trial data from completed or ongoing or planned clinical trials could result in delays in our clinical trial efforts and significantly increase our costs
to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach was to result in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or
inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur material legal claims and liability, and damage to our reputation, and the
further development of our product candidates could be delayed.

We  also  maintain  compliance  programs  to  address  the  potential  applicability  of  restrictions  against  trading  while  in  possession  of  material,
nonpublic information generally and in connection with a cyber-security breach. However, a breakdown in existing controls and procedures around our
cyber-security environment may prevent us from detecting, reporting or responding to cyber incidents in a timely manner and could have a material adverse
effect on our financial position and value of our stock.

Our management will have significant flexibility in using the net proceeds of any offering of securities.

We intend generally to use the net proceeds from any offerings of our securities for expenses related to our clinical trials, research and product
development activities, and for general corporate purposes, including general working capital purposes. Our management will have significant flexibility in
applying the net proceeds of any such offering and we will necessarily be using our capital when we decide on new strategic initiatives. The actual amounts
and timing of expenditures will vary significantly depending on a number of factors, including the amount of cash used in our operations and our research
and development efforts. Management’s failure to use these funds effectively would have an adverse effect on the value of our common stock and could
make it more difficult and costly to raise funds in the future.

Delaware law could discourage a change in control, or an acquisition of us by a third party, even if the acquisition would be favorable to

you, and thereby adversely affect existing stockholders.

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains provisions that may have the effect of making more difficult or delaying attempts by others to
obtain control of the Company, even when these attempts may be in the best interests of stockholders. Delaware law imposes conditions on certain business
combination transactions with “interested stockholders.” These provisions and others that could be adopted in the future could deter unsolicited takeovers
or delay or prevent changes in our control or management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares
of common stock over then current market prices. These provisions may also limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to
be in their best interests.

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

Not applicable.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY.

The  Board  recognizes  the  critical  importance  of  maintaining  the  trust  and  confidence  of  our  business  partners,  employees  and  clinical  trial
participants. The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing our policies with respect to cybersecurity risks and relevant contingent liabilities and risks
that may be material to the Company, including risks from third parties and business partners.

We  generally  seek  to  address  cybersecurity  risks  by  implementing  security  measures  on  our  internal  computer  systems  and  ensuring  that  third
parties  and  business  partners  implement  similar  measures.  These  security  measures  include  firewalls,  intrusion  prevention  and  detection  systems,  anti-
malware  functionality  and  access  controls,  which  are  evaluated  by  our  external  IT  consultant  and  improved  through  vulnerability  assessments  and
cybersecurity threat intelligence.

Our Chief Operating and Business Officer is responsible for implementing protection measures for our information systems from cybersecurity

threats and promptly responding to any cybersecurity incidents.

To date, risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected us and we do not currently believe any risks from cybersecurity threats are
reasonably likely to affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. For further information, see “Item 1A.
Risk  Factors,”  under  “Our  business  and  operations  would  suffer  in  the  event  of  computer  system  failures,  cyber-attacks  or  deficiencies  in  our  cyber-
security.”

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

We believe that our existing facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current business requirements. In the event that we should require

additional or alternative facilities, we believe that such facilities can be obtained on short notice at competitive rates.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time we may become subject to litigation incidental to our business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II

ITEM  5.  MARKET  FOR  REGISTRANT’S  COMMON  EQUITY,  RELATED  STOCKHOLDER  MATTERS  AND  ISSUER  PURCHASES  OF
EQUITY SECURITIES.

Common Stock

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market and on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, in each case under the symbol “ORMP.”

Holders

As of March 6, 2024, there were 40,519,160 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding held of record by approximately 38 registered
stockholders. We believe that a significant number of stockholders hold their shares of our common stock in brokerage accounts and registered in the name
of stock depositories and are therefore not included in the number of stockholders of record.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

No unregistered sales of equity securities were made during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED] 

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The  following  discussion  and  analysis  of  our  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  audited

consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere herein and in our audited consolidated financial statements.

In addition to our audited consolidated financial statements, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans,
estimates  and  beliefs.  Our  actual  results  could  differ  materially  from  those  discussed  in  the  forward-looking  statements.  Factors  that  could  cause  or
contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in “Cautionary Statement
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Overview of Operations

We are a pharmaceutical company engaged in the research and development of innovative pharmaceutical solutions with a technology platform

that allows for the oral delivery of therapeutic proteins.

We  have  developed  an  oral  dosage  form  intended  to  withstand  the  harsh  environment  of  the  stomach  and  effectively  deliver  active  biological
insulin  or  other  proteins.  The  excipients  in  the  formulation  are  not  intended  to  modify  the  proteins  chemically  or  biologically,  and  the  dosage  form  is
designed to be safe to ingest.

On  January  11,  2023,  we  announced  that  the  ORA-D-013-1  Phase  3  trial  did  not  meet  its  primary  or  secondary  endpoints.  As  a  result,  we
terminated this trial and a parallel Phase 3, ORA-D-013-2 clinical trial. In 2023, we completed an analysis of the data from the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial
and found that subpopulations of patients with pooled specific parameters, such as BMI, baseline HbA1c and age, responded well to oral insulin. Based on
this analysis, we are working on a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical trial to be submitted to the FDA. We are additionally examining our existing pipeline
and have commenced an evaluation process of potential strategic opportunities, with the goal of enhancing value for our stockholders.

28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On September 21, 2023, we entered into and consummated the Transaction. Pursuant to the Scilex SPA, in exchange for the DIP Assumption and
for the ability to credit the amounts assumed under the DIP Assumption in exchange for certain equity securities of Scilex owned by Sorrento, Scilex (i)
issued  to  us  (A)  the  Note,  (B)  the  Closing  Penny  Warrant,  and  (C)  the  Subsequent  Penny  Warrants,  and  (ii)  caused  the  Transferred  Warrants  to  be
transferred to us. In addition, on the Closing Date, Scilex reimbursed $1,910,000 of the Company’s Transaction expenses pursuant to the Scilex SPA. For
further details, see “Item 1 – Business – Description of Business – Scilex Transaction.”

On January 22, 2024, we entered into the JV Agreement with HTIT, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the JV
Agreement,  the  parties  will  establish  the  JV  based  on  Oramed’s  oral  drug  delivery  technology.  The  JV  will  focus  on  the  development  and  worldwide
commercialization  of  innovative  products  based  on  Oramed’s  oral  insulin  and  POD™  (Protein  Oral  Delivery)  pipeline  and  HTIT’s  manufacturing
capabilities and technologies. The parties intend for the JV to use the protocol we are currently working on to initiate a Phase 3 oral insulin trial in the
United States. For further details, see “Item 1 – Business – Research and Development – Oral Insulin.”

Results of Operations

The table and discussion that follows includes a comparison of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022. For a comparison of our results of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the year
ended December 31, 2021, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2023.

Revenues
Cost of revenues
Research and development expenses
Sales and marketing
General and administrative expenses
Interest expenses
Financial income (expenses), net
Income (loss) before taxes on income
Taxes on income
Net income (loss) for the year

Net income (loss) attributable to Company’s stockholders
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest
Net income (loss) for the year

Basic income (loss) per share of common stock

Diluted income (loss) per share of common stock

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

(dollar amounts in thousands,
except per share data)

  $

  $
  $

1,340    $
-     
(8,971)    
287     
(8,425)    
(2,037)    
22,894     
5,088     
-     
5,088     

5,525     
(437)    
5,088     

0.14    $
0.14    $

2,703 
- 
(27,639)
(1,851)
(13,811)
- 
2,934 
(37,664)
100 
(37,764)

(36,561)
(1,203)
(37,764)

(0.94)
(0.94)

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in computing basic income (loss) per share of common

stock

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in computing diluted income (loss) per share of common

stock

40,315,068     

38,997,649 

40,566,901     

38,997,649 

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
 
   
      
  
   
   
 
Revenues

Revenues  consist  of  proceeds  related  to  the  HTIT  License  Agreement  that  are  recognized  on  a  cumulative  basis  when  it  is  probable  that  a
significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur, through the expected product submission date by HTIT of June 2023,
using the input method.

Revenues  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  decreased  by  50%  to  $1,340,000,  compared  to  $2,703,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,

2022. The decrease was mainly due to recognition of revenues until the product submission date by HTIT in June 2023.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues consists of royalties related to the HTIT License Agreement that will be paid over the term of the HTIT License Agreement in
accordance with revenue recognition accounting and the Law for the Encouragement of Industrial Research, Development and Technological Innovation,
1984, as amended, including any regulations or tracks promulgated thereunder, or the R&D Law.

There was no cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses include costs directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including the cost of
salaries, employee benefits, costs of materials, supplies, the cost of services provided by outside contractors, including services related to our clinical trials,
clinical  trial  expenses,  the  full  cost  of  manufacturing  drugs  for  use  in  research  and  preclinical  development.  All  costs  associated  with  research  and
development are expensed as incurred.

Clinical trial costs are a significant component of research and development expenses and include costs associated with third-party contractors. We
outsource a substantial portion of our clinical trial activities, utilizing external entities such as CROs, independent clinical investigators and other third-
party service providers to assist us with the execution of our clinical trials.

Clinical activities which relate principally to clinical sites and other administrative functions to manage our clinical trials are performed primarily
by  CROs.  CROs  typically  perform  most  of  the  start-up  activities  for  our  trials,  including  document  preparation,  site  identification,  screening  and
preparation, pre-study visits, training and program management.

Clinical trial and pre-clinical trial expenses include regulatory and scientific consultants’ compensation and fees, research expenses, purchase of
materials, cost of manufacturing of the oral insulin and exenatide capsules, payments for patient recruitment and treatment, as well as salaries and related
expenses of research and development staff.

Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by 68% to $8,971,000, compared to $27,639,000 for the
year  ended  December  31,  2022.  The  decrease  was  mainly  due  to  a  decrease  in  expenses  related  to  our  Phase  3  clinical  trials  and  in  stock-based
compensation expenses. Stock-based compensation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023, were $1,718,000, compared to $3,176,000 for the year
ended  December  31,  2022.  This  decrease  was  mainly  due  to  performance  equity  awards  that  expired  because  they  did  not  meet  their  performance
conditions during the year ended December 31, 2023 and to awards that were granted and issued during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Following the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial, which did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints, we terminated both ORA-D-013-
1  and  ORA-D-013-2  Phase  3  clinical  trials.  In  2023,  we  completed  an  analysis  of  the  data  from  the  ORA-D-013-1  Phase  3  trial  and  found  that
subpopulations of patients with pooled specific parameters responded well to oral insulin. Based on this analysis, we are working on a protocol for a new
Phase 3 clinical trial to be submitted to the FDA. We are also examining our existing pipeline and have commenced an evaluation process of potential
strategic opportunities, with the goal of enhancing value for our stockholders.

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government Grants

The  Government  of  Israel  encourages  research  and  development  projects  through  the  IIA,  pursuant  to  the  R&D  Law.  Under  the  R&D  Law,  a
research and development plan that meets specified criteria is generally eligible for a grant of up to 50% of certain approved research and development
expenditures. Each plan must be approved by the IIA.

From August 2009 to March 2014, our subsidiary Oramed Ltd. was awarded five government grants amounting to a total net amount of NIS 8
million (approximately $2,194,000 during such period) from the IIA. We used these funds to support further research and development and clinical trials of
our  oral  insulin  capsule  and  oral  GLP-1  analog  candidate  during  the  period  from  February  2009  to  December  2014.  The  five  grants  are  subject  to
repayment according to the terms determined by the IIA and applicable law.

In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not recognize any research and development grants. As of December 31, 2023, we had

incurred liabilities to pay royalties to the Israel Innovation Authority of the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry of $59,000.

Under  the  terms  of  the  grants  we  received  from  the  IIA,  we  are  obligated  to  pay  royalties  of  3%  on  all  revenues  derived  from  the  sale  of  the
products developed pursuant to the funded plans, including revenues from licensed ancillary services. Royalties are generally payable up to a maximum
amount equalling 100% of the grants received (dollar linked) with the addition of interest at an annual rate based on the SOFR rate.

The R&D Law generally requires that a product developed under a program be manufactured in Israel. However, when applying for a grant, the
applicant  may  declare  that  part  of  the  manufacturing  will  be  performed  outside  of  Israel  or  by  non-Israeli  residents  and  if  the  IIA  is  convinced  that
performing  some  of  the  manufacturing  abroad  is  essential  for  the  execution  of  the  program,  it  may  still  approve  the  grant.  This  declaration  will  be  a
significant factor in the determination of the IIA as to whether to approve a program and the amount and other terms of the benefits to be granted. If a
company wants to increase the volume of manufacturing outside of Israel after the grant has been approved, it may transfer up to 10% of the company’s
approved Israeli manufacturing volume, measured on an aggregate basis, outside of Israel after first notifying the IIA thereof (provided that the IIA does
not object to such transfer within 30 days). In addition, upon the approval of the IIA, a portion greater than 10% of the manufacturing volume may be
performed outside of Israel. In any case of transfer of manufacturing out of Israel, the grant recipient is required to pay royalties at an increased rate, which
may be substantial, and the aggregate repayment amount is increased up to 120% or 150% of the grant received (dollar linked) with the addition of interest
at an annual rate based on the SOFR rate, depending on the portion of the total manufacturing volume that is performed outside of Israel. The approval we
received  from  the  IIA  for  the  License  Agreement  was  subject  to  payment  of  increased  royalties  and  an  increased  ceiling,  all  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of the R&D Law. The R&D Law further permits the IIA, among other things, to approve the transfer of manufacturing rights outside of Israel in
exchange for the import of different manufacturing into Israel as a substitute, in lieu of the increased royalties.

The R&D Law also provides that know-how developed under an approved research and development program and any derivatives thereof may not
be  transferred  or  licensed  to  third  parties  in  Israel  without  the  approval  of  the  research  committee,  which  approval  may  be  subject  to  the  payment  of
royalties from the sale. Such approval is not required for the sale or export of any products resulting from such research or development. The R&D Law
further provides that the know-how developed under an approved research and development program and any derivatives thereof may not be transferred or
licensed to any third parties outside Israel absent IIA approval which may be granted in certain circumstances as follows: (a) the grant recipient pays to the
IIA a portion of the sale or license price paid in consideration for the purchase or license of such IIA-funded know-how or the price paid in consideration
for the sale of the grant recipient itself, as the case may be, in accordance with certain formulas included in the tracks published under the R&D Law; (b)
the grant recipient receives know-how from a third party in exchange for its IIA-funded know-how; or (c) such transfer of IIA-funded know-how is made in
the context of IIA approved research and development cooperation projects or consortia.

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The R&D Law imposes reporting requirements with respect to certain changes in the ownership of a grant recipient. The R&D Law requires the
grant recipient to notify the IIA of any change in control of the recipient or a change in the holdings of the means of control of the recipient that results in a
non-Israeli entity or person becoming an interested party in the recipient, and requires the new non-Israeli interested party to undertake to the IIA to comply
with the R&D Law. In addition, the rules of the IIA may require the provision of additional information or representations in respect of certain such events.
For this purpose, “control” is defined as the ability to direct the activities of a company other than any ability arising solely from serving as an officer or
director of the company. A person is presumed to have control if such person holds 50% or more of the means of control of a company. “Means of control”
refers to voting rights or the right to appoint directors or the chief executive officer. An “interested party” of a company includes a holder of 5% or more of
its outstanding share capital or voting rights, its chief executive officer and directors, someone who has the right to appoint its chief executive officer or at
least one director, and a company with respect to which any of the foregoing interested parties holds 25% or more of the outstanding share capital or voting
rights or has the right to appoint 25% or more of the directors.

Failure  to  meet  the  R&D  Law’s  requirements  may  subject  us  to  mandatory  repayment  of  grants  received  by  us  (together  with  interest  and
penalties), as well as expose us to criminal proceedings. In addition, the Israeli government may from time to time audit sales of products which it claims
incorporate technology funded through IIA programs which may lead to additional royalties being payable on additional products.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses include the salaries and related expenses of our commercial functions, consulting costs and other general expenses.

We recorded sales and marketing income of $287,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to expenses of $1,851,000 for the year
ended December 31, 2022. This was primarily due to termination of the employment of an executive officer, which led to the forfeiture of his unvested
options  and  RSUs,  resulting  in  a  reversal  of  the  previously  recorded  expense.  We  recorded  stock-based  compensation  income  of  $440,000  for  the  year
ended  December  31,  2023,  compared  to  expenses  of  $1,172,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022.  This  was  mainly  due  to  termination  of  the
employment of an executive officer, which led to the forfeiture of his unvested options and RSUs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General  and  administrative  expenses  include  the  salaries  and  related  expenses  of  our  management,  consulting  expenses,  legal  and  professional

fees, travel expenses, business development expenses, insurance expenses and other general expenses.

General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by 39% to $8,425,000, compared to $13,811,000 for the
year  ended  December  31,  2022.  The  decrease  was  mainly  due  to  lower  stock-based  compensation  costs  and  legal  expenses,  partially  offset  by  higher
consulting expenses. Stock-based compensation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $2,933,000, compared to $7,160,000 for the year
ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was mainly due to equity awards granted to employees during 2022, and performance equity awards that did not
meet their performance conditions during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Interest Expenses

Interest expenses were $2,037,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, while there were no interest expenses for the year ended December 31,

2022. The increase was mainly due to interest on the Short-Term Borrowings (as defined herein).

Financial Income, Net

Net financial income was $22,894,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $2,934,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The  increase  was  mainly  due  to  revaluation  of  the  Transaction  (as  defined  herein),  interest  from  short-term  bank  deposits  and  revaluation  of  non-
marketable equity securities.

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and Diluted Income and Loss Per Share of Common Stock

Basic and diluted income per share of common stock for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $0.14 per share, compared to a basic and diluted
loss of $0.94 per share for the year ended December 31, 2022. This was primarily due to the changes discussed above that caused us to have income in the
year ended December 31, 2023, compared to a loss in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Weighted Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding

Weighted  average  shares  of  common  stock  outstanding  used  in  computing  basic  income  (loss)  per  share  of  common  stock  for  the  year  ended
December 31, 2023 were 40,315,068 compared to 38,997,649 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was mainly due to RSUs that vested
during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in computing diluted income (loss) per share of common stock for the year ended
December 31, 2023 were 40,566,901 compared to 38,997,649 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was mainly due to RSUs that vested
during the year ended December 31, 2023.

For  the  diluted  earnings  per  share  calculation,  the  weighted  average  number  of  shares  outstanding  during  the  year  is  adjusted  for  the  average

number of shares that are potentially issuable in connection with employee share-based payment, using the treasury stock method.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

From our inception through December 31, 2023, we have incurred losses in an aggregate amount of $157,556,000. During that period and through
December 31, 2023, we have financed our operations through several private placements of our common stock, as well as public offerings of our common
stock, raising a total of $255,384,000, net of transaction costs. During that period, we also received cash consideration of $28,001,000 from the exercise of
warrants  and  options.  We  expect  to  seek  additional  financing  through  similar  sources  in  the  future,  as  needed.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  we  had
$9,055,000 of available cash and $95,279,000 of short-term bank deposits.

From inception through December 31, 2023, we have not generated significant revenues from our operations. Management continues to evaluate
various  financing  alternatives  for  funding  new  strategic  activities,  future  research  and  development  activities  and  general  and  administrative  expenses
through fundraising in the public or private equity markets. Although there is no assurance that we will be successful with those initiatives, management
believes that it will be able to secure the necessary financing as a result of future third party investments. Following the termination of the ORA-D-013-1
and ORA-D-013-2 Phase 3 trials, the Company’s research and development activities have been significantly reduced while it conducted a strategic review
process. As a result, we are currently incurring lower research and development and sales and marketing expenses. We are working on a protocol for a new
Phase  3  clinical  trial  to  be  submitted  to  the  FDA.  Concurrently,  we  are  examining  our  existing  pipeline  and  have  commenced  an  evaluation  process  of
potential strategic opportunities.

Based on our current cash resources and commitments, we believe we will be able to maintain our current planned activities and the corresponding
level of expenditures for at least the next 12 months, although no assurance can be given that we will not need additional funds prior to such time. If there
are increases in our operating expenses, we may need to seek additional financing during the next 12 months. We may also need additional funds to realize
the decisions made as part of our strategic review process. We cannot predict the outcome of these activities. 

On August 9, 2023, we entered into the Senior DIP Loan Agreement with the Debtors in the principal amount of $100,000,000.

On September 21, 2023, we entered into and consummated the Transaction. Pursuant to the Scilex SPA, in exchange for the DIP Assumption and
for the ability to credit the amounts assumed under the DIP Assumption in exchange for certain equity securities of Scilex owned by Sorrento, Scilex (i)
issued  to  us  (A)  the  Note,  (B)  the  Closing  Penny  Warrant,  and  (C)  the  Subsequent  Penny  Warrants,  and  (ii)  caused  the  Transferred  Warrants  to  be
transferred to us. In addition, on the Closing Date, Scilex reimbursed $1,910,000 of the Company’s Transaction expenses pursuant to the Scilex SPA.

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the terms of the Scilex SPA, Scilex agreed to certain restrictions on additional issuances of equity securities. In connection with the
Transaction, we and Sorrento mutually agreed to terminate the Sorrento SPA and to release all claims the Company and Sorrento may have against one
another, and Scilex completed the acquisition of the Purchased Securities.

On August 8, 2023, we borrowed an aggregate of $99,550,000 pursuant to loan agreements from Israel Discount Bank Ltd., or the Short-Term
Borrowings. The Short-Term Borrowings mature on dates ranging from August 11, 2023 to May 24, 2024, bear interest ranging from 6.66% to 7.38%, are
secured by certificates of deposits issued by Israel Discount Bank Ltd. having an aggregate face amount of $99,550,000. The net proceeds of the Short-
Term Borrowings were used to fund the Note. The Short-Term Borrowings are paid in one payment of principal and interest at each respective maturity. As
of December 31, 2023, $50,000,000 was repaid under the Short-Term Borrowings.

As of December 31, 2023, our total current assets were $162,584,000 and our total current liabilities were $53,214,000. On December 31, 2023,
we  had  a  working  capital  surplus  of  $109,370,000  and  an  accumulated  loss  of  $157,556,000.  As  of  December  31,  2022,  our  total  current  assets  were
$157,109,000  and  our  total  current  liabilities  were  $5,746,000.  On  December  31,  2022,  we  had  a  working  capital  surplus  of  $151,363,000  and  an
accumulated loss of $163,081,000. The decrease in working capital surplus from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023 was mainly due to the Short-
Term Borrowings.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents decreased to $9,055,000 from $40,464,000 as of December 31, 2022. The

decrease was mainly due to the reasons described below.

Operating activities used cash of $10,295,000 in the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $27,918,000 used in the year ended December
31, 2022. Cash used in operating activities consisted mainly of changes in fair value of investments partially offset by net loss resulting from research and
development and general and administrative expenses.

Investing  activities  used  cash  of  $73,038,000  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  compared  to  cash  provided  by  investing  activities  of
$30,211,000 in the year ended December 31, 2022. Cash used in investing activities is mainly due to our investment in the Transaction and the purchase of
short-term deposits, partially offset by the proceeds of short-term deposits.

Financing activities provided cash of $51,978,000 in the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $10,779,000 in the year ended December
31, 2022. Cash provided by financing activities consisted mainly of the Short-Term Borrowings. Our primary financing activities since the beginning of the
year ended December 31, 2023, were as follows:

● During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  no  warrants  and  options  were  exercised.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  4,200
warrants  were  exercised  and  71,607  options  were  exercised,  resulting  in  the  issuance  of  38,651  shares  of  common  stock.  Out  of  these
exercised options, 10,750 options were exercised for cash and 60,857 via a cashless method. The cash consideration received for the exercise
of options and warrants was $62,490.

● During the year ended December 31, 2023, we received $5,156,000 of income, mainly from interest on short-term and long-term deposits.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we received $1,844,000 of income, mainly from interest on short-term and long-term deposits.

● On September 1, 2021, we entered into  a  controlled  equity  offering  agreement,  or  the  Cantor  Equity  Distribution  Agreement,  with  Cantor
Fitzgerald & Co., as agent, pursuant to which we may issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to
$100,000,000,  through  a  sales  agent,  subject  to  certain  terms  and  conditions.  Any  shares  sold  will  be  sold  pursuant  to  our  effective  shelf
registration statement on Form S-3, including a prospectus dated July 26, 2021 and prospectus supplement dated September 1, 2021. We paid
the sales agent a cash commission of 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of any shares sold through the sales agent under the Cantor Equity
Sales Agreement. As of December 31, 2023 and through March 6, 2024, 1,971,447 shares were issued under the Cantor Equity Distribution
Agreement for aggregate net proceeds of $26,253,000.

34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trend Information

Following the results of the Phase 3 trials for our oral insulin capsule candidate, ORMD-0801, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data
to understand if there is a path forward for our oral insulin candidate, and we are working on a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical trial to be submitted to
the FDA. Conducting this clinical trial, whether independently or as part of the JV with HTIT, will require significant funds and resources. Concurrently,
we are examining our existing pipeline and have commenced an evaluation process of potential strategic opportunities, with the goal of enhancing value for
our stockholders. At this time, we cannot foresee how these strategic decisions will impact our financial results and operations in 2024.

Planned Expenditures

In previous years, we primarily invested in research and development. If we proceed to conduct a new clinical trial for our oral insulin candidate,
we expect that in the upcoming years our research and development expenses will continue to be our major operating expense; however, if this clinical trial
is conducted through the JV with HTIT, this cost may be borne by the JV.

Following the results of the Phase 3 trials for our oral insulin capsule candidate, ORMD-0801, the JV with HTIT and the current strategic review

initiated by the Company, our obligations may change significantly.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our accompanying consolidated financial statements. We believe that

the accounting policies below are critical for one to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations.

The  discussion  and  analysis  of  our  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  is  based  on  our  consolidated  financial  statements,  which  we
prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate such
estimates  and  judgments.  We  base  our  estimates  on  historical  experience  and  on  various  other  factors  that  we  believe  are  reasonable  under  the
circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from
other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Valuation of RSUs, options and warrants: We grant options to purchase shares of our common stock to employees and consultants and have and

may in the future issue warrants in connection with some of our financings and to certain other consultants.

We account for share-based payments to employees, directors and consultants in accordance with the guidance that requires awards classified as
equity awards to be accounted for using the grant-date fair value method. The fair value of share-based payment transactions is based on the Black Scholes
option-pricing model or Monte Carlo model when appropriate and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period.

We  elected  to  recognize  compensation  cost  for  awards  to  employees,  directors  and  consultants  that  have  a  graded  vesting  schedule  using  the

accelerated method based on the multiple-option award approach.

Revenue recognition: Revenue is recognized when delivery has occurred, evidence of an arrangement exists, title and risks and rewards for the

products are transferred to the customer and collection is reasonably assured.

On November 13, 2022, we entered into a distribution license agreement with Medicox, or the Medicox License Agreement. The Medicox License

Agreement grants Medicox an exclusive license to apply for regulatory approval and distribute ORMD-0801 in the Republic of Korea.

Under Accounting Standards Certification, or ASC, 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, we identified Medicox as a customer and the

Medicox License Agreement as a contract with a customer.

35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We  identified  a  performance  obligation  in  the  Medicox  License  Agreement  to  stand-ready  and  provide  Medicox  with  support  in  its
commercialization efforts in the Republic of Korea. This performance obligation includes a non-distinct distribution license for ORMD-0801, which we
view a predominant item in the combined performance obligation. We concluded that the license is not distinct, as no party other than us is capable of
providing  related  services  to  Medicox,  and  both  the  license  and  related  services  are  necessary  for  the  customer  to  obtain  a  regulatory  approval  in  the
Republic of Korea. In addition, the agreement covers the terms of future manufacturing services, that are contingent on the completion and success of the
commercialization efforts.

The Medicox License Agreement contains a fixed consideration of $2 million, which was received by Oramed as of December 31, 2023 and is

presented under long-term deferred revenues. It also contains variable consideration of contractual milestone payments and sales-based royalties.

Our obligation to stand-ready and support Medicox will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the period we expect to provide support to

Medicox. As of December 31, 2023, this support has not commenced, and no revenue was recognized from the Medicox License Agreement.

If  Medicox  proceeds  with  the  regulatory  approval  process  in  the  Republic  of  Korea,  we  expect  most  of  the  revenue  to  be  recognized  in  2025,
going forward. We note that our Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. If Medicox chooses to terminate the agreement as a result of
the outcome of the Phase 3 trials, we will accelerate revenue recognition and recognize it in the relevant period.

Investments at fair value: On September 21, 2023. Scilex (i) issued to us (A) the Note, (B) the Closing Penny Warrant, and (C) the Subsequent

Penny Warrants, and (ii) caused the Transferred Warrants to be transferred to us.

We accounted for the Transferred Warrants as derivatives measured at fair value.

We  elected  the  fair  value  option  for  the  Note  and  the  Penny  Warrants  in  order  to  reduce  operational  complexity  of  bifurcating  embedded

derivatives. Changes in value are recorded under financial income, net and include interest income on the Note.

Determining the fair value of the Note required significant judgment with regards to the expected repayment date of the Note which also impacts
the number of Subsequent Penny Warrants to be issued to us. The total value of the Transaction (and of each of its components) was valued on a weighted
average of the different scenarios.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

We are exposed to a variety of risks, including changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, changes in the value of our marketable

securities and inflation.

As of December 31, 2023, we had $9.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and $95.3 million in short term bank deposits.

We aim to preserve our financial assets, maintain adequate liquidity and maximize return while minimizing exposure to market risks. Such policy

further provides that we should hold most of our current assets in bank deposits. As of today, the currency of our financial assets is mainly in U.S. dollars.

Marketable securities

We own 1,701,357 common shares of DNA, 117,000 ordinary shares of Entera and 4,500,000 Closing Penny Warrants, which are presented in our
financial statements as marketable securities. Marketable securities are presented at fair value and their realization is subject to certain limitations if sold
through the market, and we are therefore exposed to market risk. There is no assurance that at the time of sale of the marketable securities the price per
share will be the same or higher, nor that we will be able to sell all of the securities at once given the volume of securities we hold. Entera shares and the
Closing Penny Warrants are traded on Nasdaq in U.S. dollars, while DNA shares are traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange in NIS. We are also exposed to
changes  in  the  market  price  of  the  Entera,  DNA  shares  and  the  Closing  Penny  Warrants,  as  well  as  to  exchange  rates  fluctuations  in  the  NIS  currency
compared to the U.S. dollar with respect to the DNA shares.

36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Risk

We  invest  a  major  portion  of  our  cash  surplus  in  bank  deposits  in  banks  in  Israel.  Since  the  bank  deposits  typically  carry  fixed  interest  rates,
financial income over the holding period is not sensitive to changes in interest rates, but only the fair value of these instruments. However, our interest
gains from future deposits may decline in the future as a result of changes in the financial markets.

The Note issued by Scilex is based on the SOFR rate. Our interest income may decline in the future as a result of a change in the SOFR rate.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

A  significant  portion  of  our  expenditures,  including  salaries,  clinical  research  expenses,  consultants’  fees  and  office  expenses  relate  to  our
operations  in  Israel.  The  cost  of  those  Israeli  operations,  as  expressed  in  U.S.  dollars,  is  influenced  by  the  extent  to  which  any  increase  in  the  rate  of
inflation in Israel is not offset (or is offset on a lagging basis) by a devaluation of the NIS in relation to the U.S. dollar. If the U.S. dollar declines in value in
relation to the NIS, it will become more expensive for us to fund our operations in Israel. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we own net balances in
NIS  of  approximately  $546,000.  Assuming  a  10%  appreciation  of  the  NIS  against  the  U.S.  dollar,  we  would  experience  an  exchange  rate  gain  of
approximately $50,000, while assuming a 10% devaluation of the NIS against the U.S. dollar, we would experience an exchange rate loss of approximately
$61,000.

The exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the NIS, based on exchange rates published by the Bank of Israel, was as follows:

Average rate for period
Rate at period-end

Year Ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

3.69     
3.627     

3.358 
3.519 

We  do  not  use  any  currency  hedging  transactions  of  options  or  forwards  to  decrease  the  risk  of  financial  exposure  from  fluctuations  in  the

exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the NIS.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

See Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and
procedures as of December 31, 2023. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure
controls and procedures are effective.

37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our  management,  under  the  supervision  of  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  is  responsible  for  establishing  and
maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act. The
Company’s internal control over financial reporting is defined as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  GAAP.  Internal  control  over  financial  reporting  includes
policies and procedures that:

● pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and asset dispositions;

● provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of our financial statements in accordance
with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors;
and

● provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could

have a material effect on our financial statements.

Under  the  supervision  and  with  the  participation  of  our  management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  we
evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the current framework for Internal Control-
Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December

31, 2023 at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There  were  no  changes  in  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  quarter  ended  December  31,  2023  that  have

materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

Termination of Rule 10b5–1 Trading Arrangements

On January 8, 2024, Mr. David Silberman, our Chief Financial Officer, terminated a trading plan before expiration that was previously entered into
to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5–1(c) under the Exchange Act. This plan was entered into on June 25, 2023 and was meant to expire upon the
earlier of May 15, 2024 or when 128,625 of Oramed’s shares of common stock were sold, which was the aggregate maximum number of shares to be sold
under the plan.

On January 8, 2024, Mr. Joshua Hexter, our Chief Operating and Business Officer, terminated a trading plan before expiration that was previously
entered into to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5–1(c) under the Exchange Act. This plan was entered into on June 28, 2023 and was meant to
expire upon the earlier of June 27, 2025 or when 245,333 of Oramed’s shares of common stock were sold, which was the aggregate maximum number of
shares to be sold under the plan.

On  February  6,  2024,  Mr.  Netanel  Derovan,  our  former  Chief  Legal  Officer,  terminated  a  trading  plan  before  expiration  that  was  previously
entered into to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5–1(c) under the Exchange Act. This plan was entered into on June 8, 2023 and was meant to
expire upon the earlier of June 28, 2024 or when 88,250 of Oramed’s shares of common stock were sold, which was the aggregate maximum number of
shares to be sold under the plan.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.

Not applicable.

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

Directors and Executive Officers

PART III

The name and age of each of our directors and executive officers, his or her position with us and the period during which such person has served

as a director or executive officer of the Company are set forth below.

Name
Nadav Kidron

Dr. Miriam Kidron
David Silberman
Joshua Hexter
Daniel Aghion
Dr. Arie Mayer
Leonard Sank
Benjamin Shapiro

Age
49

83
40
53
42
67
58
40

  President, Chief Executive Officer, Director and Chairman (effective as

Position

Serving Since
2006

of June 30, 2022)

  Chief Scientific Officer and Director
  Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
  Chief Operating & Business Officer
  Director
  Director
  Director
  Director

2006
2021
2019
2024
2019
2007
2023

Mr. Derovan, our former Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, ended his service with the Company on March 5, 2024. 

Dr. Miriam Kidron is Mr. Nadav Kidron’s mother. There are no other directors or officers of the Company who are related by blood or marriage.

Business Experience

The following is a brief account of the education and business experience during at least the past five years of each of our directors and of our
executive officers who are not also directors, indicating the principal occupation during that period, and the name and principal business of the organization
in which such occupation and employment were carried out.

Mr. Nadav Kidron was appointed President, Chief Executive Officer and director in March 2006, and Chairman of the Board effective as of
June 30, 2022. He is also a director of Israel Advanced Technology Industries organization, and until 2016 was a director of Entera Bio Ltd. In 2009, he
was a fellow at the Merage Foundation for U.S.-Israel Trade Programs for executives in the life sciences field. From 2003 to 2006, he was the managing
director of the Institute of Advanced Jewish Studies at Bar Ilan University. From 2001 to 2003, he was a legal intern at Wine, Mishaiker & Ernstoff Law
Offices in Jerusalem, Israel. Mr. Kidron holds an LL.B. and an International MBA from Bar Ilan University, Israel.

We believe that Mr. Kidron’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his familiarity with the Company as its founder, his experience in capital

markets, as well as his knowledge and familiarity with corporate management.

Dr. Miriam Kidron was appointed Chief Scientific Officer and director in March 2006. Dr. Kidron is a pharmacologist and a biochemist with a
Ph.D. in biochemistry. From 1990 to 2007, Dr. Kidron was a senior researcher in the Diabetes Unit at Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem, Israel.
Dr. Kidron was formerly a visiting professor at the Medical School at the University of Toronto (Canada), and is a member of the American, European and
Israeli Diabetes Associations. Dr. Kidron is a recipient of the Bern Schlanger Award.

We believe that Dr. Kidron’s qualifications to serve on our Board include her expertise in the Company’s technology, as it is based on her research,

as well as her experience and relevant education in the fields of pharmacology and diabetes.

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mr.  David  Silberman was appointed Chief  Financial  Officer  and  Treasurer  in  July  2021.  Prior  to  his  appointment,  from  April  2018  to  May
2021, Mr. Silberman served as a Corporate Financial Planning and Analysis associate director and director at Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., a global
pharmaceutical  company,  committed  to  helping  patients  around  the  world  to  access  affordable  medicines  and  benefit  from  innovations  to  improve  their
health. From 2014 to 2018, Mr. Silberman served as Global Internal Audit senior manager at Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. From 2009 to 2014, Mr.
Silberman provided internal audit and risk management services in the advisory department of Grant Thornton Fahn Kanne Control Management. From
January 2009 until June 2009, Mr. Silberman worked in the audit department of KPMG, a certified public accounting firm. Mr. Silberman holds DCG and
DSCG degrees from the French Ministry of Higher Study and Research and is a certified public accountant in Israel.

Mr.  Joshua  Hexter was appointed Chief  Operating  and  Business  Officer  in  September  2019.  Prior  to  his  appointment,  Mr.  Hexter  served  as
Chief  Business  Officer  at  BrainsWay  Ltd.  (Nasdaq/TASE:  BWAY)  from  2018  to  2019,  a  commercial  stage  medical  device  company  focused  on  the
development  and  sale  of  non-invasive  neuromodulation  products.  From  2013  to  2018,  Mr.  Hexter  served  as  Chief  Operating  Officer  and  VP  Business
Development  of  the  Company  and  from  2007  to  2013,  Mr.  Hexter  was  a  Director  or  Executive  Director  of  BioLineRx  Ltd.  (Nasdaq/TASE:  BLRX),  a
biopharmaceutical development company dedicated to identifying, in-licensing and developing innovative therapeutic candidates. Prior to his employment
with BioLineRx, Mr. Hexter was a member of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer of Biosensor Systems Design, Inc., a company developing
market-driven  biosensors.  Mr.  Hexter  holds  a  bachelor’s  degree  from  the  University  of  Wisconsin  and  a  master’s  degree  in  management  from  Boston
University.

Dr. Daniel Aghion became a director in January 2024. Dr. Aghion has been a neurosurgeon at Memorial Neuroscience Institute in Florida since
2016, where he treats patients with a wide array of spine disorders, including severe degenerative spine diseases, spine trauma, cancer in the spine, spine
tumors, peripheral nerve surgery and more. Dr. Aghion holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Michigan and an MD from the Sackler
School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University. He completed his residency at Rhode Island Hospital in 2015, and a complex spine fellowship at Johns Hopkins
University in Baltimore in 2016.

We believe that Dr. Aghion’s qualifications to serve on the Board include his extensive practical and academic medical background.

Dr. Arie Mayer became a director in December 2019. Dr. Mayer is currently the Managing Director and Chairman of the Board of Sigma-Aldrich
Israel Ltd. and has held that position since January 2010. Dr. Mayer has held various roles with Sigma-Aldrich Israel Ltd. since 1995 and was instrumental
in introducing and developing the Cell Culture and Molecular Biology business for Sigma Aldrich Israel Ltd. Dr. Mayer holds a Bachelor of Science degree
in chemistry from Hebrew University and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Israel Institute of Technology.

We  believe  that  Dr.  Mayer’s  qualifications  to  serve  on  our  Board  include  his  experience  as  an  executive  in  the  biotechnology  industry,  with

knowledge in managing large organizations, as well as his experience and relevant education in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

Mr.  Leonard  Sank  became  a  director  in  October  2007.  Mr.  Sank  is  a  South  African  entrepreneur  and  businessman,  whose  interests  lie  in
entrepreneurial endeavors and initiatives, with over 30 years’ experience of playing significant leadership roles in developing businesses. Mr. Sank serves
on the boards of a few national businesses and local non-profit charity organizations in Cape Town, where he resides.

We believe that Mr. Sank’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his years of experience in development stage businesses, as well as his

experience serving as a director of many entities.

40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mr. Benjamin Shapiro became a director in May 2023. Mr. Shapiro is a successful entrepreneur and business professional who co-founded The
Daily  Wire,  a  successful,  industry  leading,  international  media  outlet  in  June  2015.  Since  May  2015,  he  has  been  host  of  “The  Ben  Shapiro  Show,”  a
popular podcast, and he is the author of numerous New York Times best-selling books. Mr. Shapiro earned a B.A. in Political Science from UCLA in 2004,
summa cum laude, and a law degree from Harvard Law School in 2007, cum laude.

We believe that Mr. Shapiro’s qualifications to serve on the Board include his extensive operational experience and his business background and

acumen.

Board of Directors

There are no agreements with respect to the election of directors. Each director is currently elected for a period of one year at our annual meeting
of stockholders and serves until the next such meeting and until his or her successor is duly elected or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. The
Board may also appoint additional directors. A director so chosen or appointed will hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his
or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal.

The Board has determined that Dr. Daniel Aghion, Dr. Arie Mayer, Leonard Sank and Benjamin Shapiro are independent as defined under the
rules promulgated by the Nasdaq. Except for Dr. Arie Mayer, who serves on the Board of Directors of Oravax, a company 63% owned by us, none of the
independent directors has any material relationship with us besides serving on our Board.

We  have  determined  that  each  of  the  directors  is  qualified  to  serve  as  a  director  of  the  Company  based  on  a  review  of  the  experience,
qualifications, attributes and skills of each director. In reaching this determination, we have considered a variety of criteria, including, among other things:
character  and  integrity;  ability  to  review  critically,  evaluate,  question  and  discuss  information  provided,  to  exercise  effective  business  judgment  and  to
interact effectively with the other directors; and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a director.

Board Meeting Attendance

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, our Board held thirteen meetings and took action by written consent on eight occasions. All of
our directors attended at least 75% of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and the committees that were held during the period such director
served on the Board. Board members are encouraged to attend our annual meetings of stockholders.

Board Evaluation Process

Our Board is committed to continuous improvement and conducts a board and committee evaluation process each year, to ensure that our Board

maintains optimal composition and functions effectively.

As part of this process, the members of our Board complete a confidential written assessment of the performance, oversight and composition of
the Board and its committees that is submitted to the Company secretary. The results are then reported back to the full Board. After the evaluations, the
Board and management work to improve upon any issues presented during the evaluation process and to identify opportunities that may lead to further
improvement.

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Committees

Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The members of our Audit Committee are Dr. Daniel Aghion, Dr. Arie Mayer and Leonard Sank. Our Board has determined that Dr. Arie Mayer is
an “audit committee financial expert” as set forth in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K based on his experience as set forth above, and that all members of
the Audit Committee are “independent” as defined by the rules of the SEC and the Nasdaq rules and regulations. The Audit Committee operates under a
written charter that is posted on the “Investors” section of our website, www.oramed.com. The primary responsibilities of our Audit Committee include:

● Overseeing the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Company and the audits of the financial statements of the Company;

● Appointing, compensating and retaining our registered independent public accounting firm;

● Overseeing the work performed by any outside accounting firm;

● Assisting the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities by reviewing: (i) the financial reports provided by us to the SEC, our stockholders or to the

general public and (ii) our internal financial and accounting controls;

● Reviewing the Company’s policies with respect to cyber security risks and relevant contingent liabilities and risks that may be material to the

Company;

● Recommending,  establishing  and  monitoring  procedures  designed  to  improve  the  quality  and  reliability  of  the  disclosure  of  our  financial

condition and results of operations; and

● Reviewing  major  financial  risk  exposures  and  the  steps  management  has  taken  to  monitor  and  control  such  exposures,  and  discussing  the

guidelines and polices to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken.

Our Audit Committee met five times and took action by written consent on four occasions during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Compensation Committee

The members of our Compensation Committee are Dr. Daniel Aghion, Dr. Arie Mayer and Leonard Sank. The Board has determined that all of the
members  of  the  Compensation  Committee  are  “independent”  as  defined  by  the  rules  of  the  SEC  and  Nasdaq  rules  and  regulations.  The  Compensation
Committee operates under a written charter that is posted on the “Investors” section of our website, www.oramed.com. The primary responsibilities of our
Compensation Committee include:

● Reviewing, negotiating and approving, or recommending for approval by our Board the salaries and incentive compensation of our executive

officers;

● Administering  our  equity  based  plans  and  making  recommendations  to  our  Board  with  respect  to  our  incentive-compensation  plans  and

equity-based plans;

● Making recommendations to our Board with respect to director compensation; and

● Authority to exercise all rights, authority and functions of the Board under our Clawback Policy.

The Compensation Committee meets as often as it deems necessary, without the presence of any executive officer when approving compensation,
except  that  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Compensation  Committee,  may  be  present  during  the  approval  of,  or
deliberations with respect to, the compensation of other executive officers. The Compensation Committee may delegate any authority granted to it to one or
more subcommittees of the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion.

Our Compensation Committee met four times and took action by written consent on four occasions during the fiscal year ended December 31,

2023.

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nominating Committee

The  members  of  our  Nominating  Committee  are  Dr.  Arie  Mayer  and  Leonard  Sank.  The  Board  has  determined  that  all  of  the  members  of  the
Nominating Committee are “independent” as defined by the rules of the SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations. The Nominating Committee operates under
a written charter that is posted on the “Investors” section of our website, www.oramed.com. The primary responsibilities of our Nominating Committee
include:

● Overseeing  the  composition  and  size  of  the  Board,  developing  qualification  criteria  for  Board  members  based  on  background,  skills,
experience  and  diversity,  and  actively  seeking,  interviewing  and  screening  individuals  qualified  to  become  Board  members  for
recommendation to the Board;

● Recommending the composition of the Board for each annual meeting of stockholders; and 

● Reviewing periodically with the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer the succession plans relating to positions held by

directors, and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the selection and development of individuals to occupy those positions.

Our Nominating Committee met twice and took action by written consent on one occasion during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Based solely upon a review of Forms 3, 4 and 5, and amendments thereto, furnished to us during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we
believe that during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, our executive officers, directors and all persons who own more than ten percent of a registered
class  of  our  equity  securities  complied  with  all  Section  16(a)  filing  requirements,  except  that  our  directors  and  officers  failed  to  timely  file  a  Form  4
reporting their annual equity grants granted on April 17, 2023, due to a technical issue. The Form 4s reporting these grants were filed on April 20, 2023.

Code of Ethics

We  have  adopted  a  Code  of  Ethics  and  Business  Conduct  for  our  senior  officers,  directors  and  employees.  A  copy  of  the  Code  of  Ethics  and
Business Conduct is located at our website at www.oramed.com. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement regarding any amendment to, or a waiver
from, a provision of the Code of Ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or controller, or persons performing similar
functions and that relates to the Code of Ethics by posting such information on our website, www.oramed.com.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

This section explains the policies and decisions that shape our executive compensation program, including its specific objectives and elements, as

it relates to our “named executive officers,” or NEOs.

Our  NEOs  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  are  those  three  individuals  listed  in  the  “Summary  Compensation  Table”  below.  The
Compensation  Committee  believes  that  our  executive  compensation  is  appropriately  designed  to  incentivize  our  NEOs  to  work  for  our  long-term
prosperity, is reasonable in comparison with the levels of compensation provided by comparable companies and reflects a reasonable cost. We believe our
NEOs are critical to the achievement of our corporate goals, through which we can drive stockholder value.

The Compensation Committee of our Board is comprised solely of independent directors as defined by Nasdaq and non-employee directors as
defined by Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The Compensation Committee has the authority and
responsibility  to  review  and  approve  the  compensation  of  our  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  other  executive  officers.  Other  information
concerning  the  structure,  roles  and  responsibilities  of  our  Compensation  Committee  is  set  forth  in  “Board  Meetings  and  Committees—Compensation
Committee” section.

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our executive compensation program and our NEOs’ compensation packages are designed around the following objectives:

● attract, hire, and retain talented and experienced executives;

● motivate, reward and retain executives whose knowledge, skills and performance are critical to our success;

● ensure fairness among the executive management team via recognizing the contributions of each executive to our success;

● focus executive behavior on achievement of our corporate objectives and strategy; and

● align the interests of management and stockholders by providing management with longer-term incentives through equity ownership.

The  Compensation  Committee  reviews  the  allocation  of  compensation  components  regularly  to  ensure  alignment  with  strategic  and  operating
goals, competitive market practices and legislative changes. The Compensation Committee does not apply a specific formula to determine the allocation
between  cash  and  non-cash  forms  of  compensation.  Certain  compensation  components,  such  as  base  salaries,  benefits  and  perquisites,  are  intended
primarily  to  attract,  hire,  and  retain  well-qualified  executives.  Other  compensation  elements,  such  as  long-term  incentive  opportunities,  are  designed  to
motivate and reward performance. Long-term incentives are intended to reward NEOs for our long-term performance and executing our business strategy,
and to strongly align NEOs’ interests with those of stockholders.

With respect to equity compensation, the Compensation Committee makes awards to executives under our Amended and Restated 2019 Incentive
Plan, or the 2019 Plan. Executive compensation is paid or granted based on such matters as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate, including our
financial and operating performance and the alignment of the interests of the executive officers and our stockholders.

Elements of Compensation

Our executive officer compensation program is comprised of: (i) base salary or monthly compensation; (ii) discretionary bonus; (iii) long-term

equity incentive compensation in the form of stock option and RSU grants; and (iv) benefits and perquisites.

In establishing overall executive compensation levels and making specific compensation decisions for our NEOs in the year ended December 31,
2023,  the  Compensation  Committee  considered  a  number  of  criteria,  including  the  executive’s  position,  scope  of  responsibilities,  prior  base  salary  and
annual incentive awards and expected contribution.

Generally, our Compensation Committee reviews and, as appropriate, approves compensation arrangements for the NEOs from time to time but
not less than once each year. The Compensation Committee also takes into consideration the President and Chief Executive Officer’s recommendations for
executive  compensation  of  the  other  NEOs.  The  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  generally  presents  these  recommendations  at  the  time  of  our
Compensation Committee’s review of executive compensation arrangements.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Compensation Committee received consulting services from Aon Solutions UK Limited., or
Aon,  with  regard  to  management  compensation.  The  Compensation  Committee  engaged  the  consultant  to  review  the  Company’s  current  compensation
plans for its management and collect and analyze data regarding management compensation at other companies comparable to the Company, in order to
provide a competitive compensation benchmark. Aon collected SEC filings data regarding U.S. and Israeli compensation practices and developed a peer
group of the following U.S. and Israeli companies: ALX Oncology Holdings Inc., Anavex Life Sciences Corp., Arbutus BioPharma Corporation, Atossa
Therapeutics Inc., aTyr Pharma, Inc., Chimerix, Inc., Compugen Ltd., Fulcrum Therapeutics, Inc., Gamida Cell Ltd., Immunic, Inc., Lyra Therapeutics,
Inc.,  Marinus  Pharmaceuticals,  Inc.,  MediciNova,  Inc.,  Minerva  Neurosciences,  Inc.,  Rani  Therapeutics,  Inc.,  Relmada  Therapeutics,  Inc.,  Vistagen
Therapeutics,  Inc.  and  Zevra  Therapeutics,  Inc..  Following  its  review,  Aon  provided  recommendations  for  cash  and  equity  compensation  at  various
percentiles for the Compensation Committee’s consideration.

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Base Salary

The Compensation Committee performs a review of base salaries and monthly compensation for our NEOs from time to time as appropriate. In
determining salaries, the Compensation Committee members also take into consideration the scope of the NEOs’ responsibilities and independent third-
party  market  data,  such  as  compensation  surveys  to  industry,  individual  experience  and  performance  and  contribution  to  our  clinical,  regulatory,
commercial  and  operational  performance.  None  of  the  factors  above  has  a  dominant  weight  in  determining  the  compensation  of  our  NEOs,  and  our
Compensation  Committee  considers  the  factors  as  a  whole  when  considering  such  compensation.  In  addition,  our  Compensation  Committee  uses
comparative data regarding compensation paid by peer companies in order to obtain a general understanding of current trends in compensation practices
and ranges of amounts being awarded by other public companies, and not as part of an analysis or a formula.

We  believe  that  a  competitive  base  salary  and  monthly  compensation  is  a  necessary  element  of  any  compensation  program  that  is  designed  to
attract and retain talented and experienced executives. We also believe that attractive base salaries can motivate and reward executives for their overall
performance. Base salary and monthly compensation are established in part based on the individual experience, skills and expected contributions to our
performance, as well as such executive’s performance during the prior year. Generally, we believe that executives’ base salaries should be targeted near the
median  of  the  range  of  salaries  for  executives  in  similar  positions  with  similar  responsibilities,  experience  and  performance  at  comparable  companies.
Compensation adjustments are made occasionally based on changes in an executive’s level of responsibility, company progress or on changed local and
specific executive employment market conditions.

In the year ended December 31, 2023, our Compensation Committee increased the base salary of one of our NEOs by 10% (effective January 1,
2023) as it deemed this to be a reasonable rate based on, among other factors, such NEO’s responsibilities and the report received from Deloitte Israel &
Co. during the year ended December 31, 2022, as it determined the salary was not in line with market compensation.

In January 2024, our Compensation Committee increased the base salary of our NEOs by 10% (effective January 1, 2024, and in the case of our
Chief  Financial  Officer,  5%  effective  January  1,  2024  and  an  additional  5%  effective  June  1,  2024)  as  it  deemed  this  to  be  a  reasonable  rate  based  on,
among other factors, such NEO’s responsibilities and the report from Aon, as it determined the salary was not in line with market compensation.

Performance Based Bonus

Our NEOs are eligible to receive discretionary annual bonuses based upon performance. The amount of annual bonus to our NEOs is based on
various  factors,  including,  among  others,  the  achievement  of  scientific  and  business  goals  and  our  financial  and  operational  performance.  The
Compensation Committee takes into account the overall performance of the individuals, as well as the overall performance of the Company over the period
being  reviewed  and  the  recommendation  of  management.  For  any  given  year,  the  compensation  objectives  vary,  but  relate  generally  to  strategic  factors
such as developments in our clinical path, the execution of a license agreement for the commercialization of product candidates, the establishment of key
strategic  collaborations,  the  build-up  of  our  pipeline  and  financial  factors  such  as  capital  raising.  Bonuses  are  awarded  generally  based  on  corporate
performance,  with  adjustments  made  within  a  range  for  individual  performance,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Compensation  Committee.  The  Compensation
Committee determines, on a discretionary basis, the size of the entire bonus pool and the amount of the actual award to each NEO. The overall payment is
also based on historic compensation of the NEOs.

We believe that annual bonuses payable based on the achievement of short-term corporate goals incentivize our NEOs to create stockholder value

and attain short-term performance objectives.

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-Term Equity Incentive Compensation

Long-term incentive compensation allows the NEOs to share in any appreciation in the value of our common stock. The Compensation Committee
believes  that  stock  participation  aligns  executive  officers’  interests  with  those  of  our  stockholders.  Equity  incentive  awards  are  generally  made  at  the
commencement of employment and following a significant change in job responsibilities, or to meet other special retention or performance objectives. The
amounts of the awards are designed to reward past performance and create incentives to meet long-term objectives. Awards are made at a level expected to
be competitive within the biotechnology industry, as well as with Israeli-based companies. Awards are made on a discretionary basis and not pursuant to
specific criteria set out in advance. In determining the amount of each grant, the Compensation Committee also takes into account the number of shares
held  by  the  executive  prior  to  the  grant.  The  vesting  schedule  for  NEOs  generally  provides  for  annual  installments  for  new  grants,  though  the
Compensation Committee also utilizes quarterly vesting from time to time, as well as performance-based vesting. The Compensation Committee believes
that  time-based  vesting  encourages  recipients  to  build  stockholder  value  over  a  long  period  of  time  and  that  performance-based  vesting  encourages
recipients to achieve goals that benefit the Company.

As part of its engagement in the year ended December 31, 2023 described above, Aon also provided consulting services in connection with grants
of equity awards to our executive officers. Aon reviewed annual long-term incentive grants at peer companies, as well as such grants made by companies in
the broader market, based on a blend of Black-Scholes valuations and grants as a percentage of the applicable company’s capitalization. Following such
consultation, the Compensation Committee is considering alternative models and equity vehicles for future equity-based grants.

Benefits and Perquisites

Generally, benefits available to NEOs are available to all employees on similar terms and include welfare benefits, paid time-off, life and disability
insurance and other customary or mandatory social benefits in Israel. We provide some of our NEOs with a phone and a company car, which are customary
benefits in Israel to managers and officers.

We do not believe that the benefits and perquisites described above deviate materially from the customary practice for compensation of executive
officers by other companies similar in size and stage of development in Israel. These benefits represent a relatively small portion of the executive officers’
total compensation.

Say-on-Pay Vote

Our stockholders approved, on an advisory basis, our executive compensation program at our annual meeting of stockholders held on June 30,
2022. We did not seek or receive any specific feedback from our stockholders concerning our executive compensation program during the past fiscal year.
The Compensation Committee did not specifically rely on the results of the prior vote in making any compensation-related decisions during the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2023.

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth the compensation earned by our NEOs for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

Name and Principal Position
Nadav Kidron

President, Chief Executive
Officer and Chairman(6)

Dr. Miriam Kidron

Chief Scientific Officer and director(7)

David Silberman

Chief Financial Officer

Year
2023
2022

2023
2022

2023
2022

Salary 
($) (1)

Bonus 
($) (1)(2)    

RSUs 
Awards
($) (3)

Option 
Awards
($) (4)

All Other 
Compensation
($) (1)(5)

Total 
($)

462,988     
491,131      

904,920     
242,576     
275,150       4,847,380      

-     
875,241    

48,738      1,659,222 
344,718       6,833,620

347,405     
378,569     

139,123     
605,480     
140,231      1,938,580     

-     
588,947     

17,423      1,109,431 
23,879      3,070,206 

156,070     
155,125     

62,027     
49,732     

277,180     
759,405     

-     
261,754     

41,434     
536,711 
43,184      1,269,200 

(1) Amounts paid for Salary, Bonus and All Other Compensation that were originally denominated in NIS were translated into U.S. Dollars at the then

current exchange rate for each payment.

(2) Bonuses were granted at the discretion of the Compensation Committee.

(3) For RSU awards, the amounts reflect the grant date fair value, as calculated pursuant to ASC Topic 718 “Compensation–Stock Compensation.” The
assumptions used to determine the fair value of the RSU awards are set forth in note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Our NEOs
will not realize the value of these awards in cash unless and until the awards vest and the underlying shares are issued and subsequently sold.

(4) The amounts reflect the grant date fair value, as calculated pursuant to ASC Topic 718, of these option awards. The assumptions used to determine the
fair value of the option awards are set forth in note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Our NEOs will not realize the value of these
awards in cash unless and until these awards are exercised and the underlying shares subsequently sold.

(5) See “All Other Compensation Table” below.

(6) Until November 1, 2022, Mr. Kidron received certain compensation from Oramed Ltd. through KNRY, Ltd., an Israeli entity owned by Dr. Miriam
Kidron,  or  KNRY.  Beginning  on  November  1,  2022,  Mr.  Kidron  receives  certain  compensation  from  the  Company  through  Shnida  Ltd.,  an  Israeli
entity owned by Mr. Kidron, and certain compensation from Oramed Ltd. For additional information see “—Employment and Consulting Agreements”
below.

(7) Dr. Kidron receives compensation from Oramed Ltd. through KNRY. See “—Employment and Consulting Agreements” below.

47

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
      
      
      
      
      
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
     
      
      
      
      
      
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All Other Compensation Table

The “All Other Compensation” amounts set forth in the Summary Compensation Table above consist of the following:

Name
Nadav Kidron

Dr. Miriam Kidron

David Silberman

Automobile-
Related
Expenses
($)

Manager’s
Insurance
(1)($)

Education
Fund
($)

Relocation
Expenses
(2)($)

21,191     
9,774     

21,711     
3,703     

5,836     
682     

-     
330,559     

17,423     
23,879     

-     
-     

-     
-     

14,666     
16,095     

21,888     
21,835     

4,880     
5,254     

-     
-     

-     
-     

Total
($)
48,738 
344,718 

17,423 
23,879 

41,434 
43,184 

Year
2023
2022

2023
2022

2023
2022

(1) Manager’s  insurance  and  education  funds  are  customary  benefits  provided  to  employees  based  in  Israel.  Manager’s  insurance  is  a  combination  of
severance savings (in accordance with Israeli law), defined contribution tax-qualified pension savings and disability insurance premiums. An education
fund is a savings fund of pre-tax contributions to be used after a specified period of time for educational or other permitted purposes.

(2) Relocation  expenses  represents  additional  compensation  for  the  period  during  which  Mr.  Kidron  was  in  the  United  States.  These  expenses  mainly
include relocation expenses, supplemental living expenses, accommodation allowances, education allowances, health insurance and related costs.

Employment and Consulting Agreements

On  July  1,  2008,  Oramed  Ltd.  entered  into  a  consulting  agreement  with  KNRY,  whereby  Nadav  Kidron,  through  KNRY,  provided  services  as
President and Chief Executive Officer of both the Company and Oramed Ltd., or the Nadav Kidron Consulting Agreement. The Nadav Kidron Consulting
Agreement  was  terminated,  effective  November  1,  2022,  and  replaced  with  the  agreements  as  further  described  below.  Additionally,  on  July  1,  2008,
Oramed Ltd. entered into a consulting agreement with KNRY whereby Dr. Miriam Kidron, through KNRY, provides services as Chief Scientific Officer of
both the Company and Oramed Ltd., or the Miriam Kidron Consulting Agreement.

The Miriam Kidron Consulting Agreement is terminable by either party upon 140 days prior written notice. The agreement, as amended, provides
that  KNRY  will  be  reimbursed  for  reasonable  expenses  incurred  in  connection  with  performance  of  the  agreement.  Pursuant  to  the  agreement,  each  of
KNRY and Dr. Miriam Kidron agreed that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will compete with Oramed
Ltd. nor solicit employees of Oramed Ltd. Starting January 1, 2024, Dr. Miriam Kidron receives a monthly consulting fee of NIS 117,040.

The  Nadav  Kidron  Consulting  Agreement  was  terminable  by  either  party  upon  140  days  prior  written  notice.  The  agreement,  as  amended,
provided that KNRY will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with performance of the agreement. Pursuant to the agreement,
KNRY and Nadav Kidron each agreed that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will compete with Oramed
Ltd. nor solicit employees of Oramed Ltd. From September 1, 2021 until termination, Nadav Kidron received a monthly consulting fee of NIS 146,705.

Following the relocation of Nadav Kidron to the State of Israel, the Company entered into two agreements with Mr. Kidron, replacing the Nadav

Kidron Consulting Agreement, substantially on the same terms, in order to allocate his time and services between the Company and Oramed Ltd.

48

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
     
      
      
      
      
  
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
     
      
      
      
      
  
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective November 1, 2022, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Shnida Ltd., whereby Nadav Kidron, through Shnida Ltd.,
provides services as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The agreement is terminable by either party upon 140 days prior written notice.
The agreement provides that Shnida Ltd. will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with performance of the agreement. Effective
as of January 1, 2024, Nadav Kidron receives a monthly consulting fee of NIS 96,825. Pursuant to the agreement, Shnida Ltd. and Nadav Kidron each
agree that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will compete with the Company nor solicit employees of the
Company.

In  addition,  we,  through  Oramed  Ltd.,  have  entered  into  an  employment  agreement  with  Nadav  Kidron,  effective  as  of  November  1,  2022,
pursuant to which, effective as of January 1, 2024, Mr. Kidron receives gross monthly salary of NIS 51,591 in consideration for his services as President
and Chief Executive Officer of Oramed Ltd. In addition, Mr. Kidron is provided with a phone and a company car pursuant to the terms of his agreement.

We,  through  Oramed  Ltd.,  have  entered  into  an  employment  agreement  with  David  Silberman  as  of  May  23,  2021,  pursuant  to  which  Mr.
Silberman was appointed as Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary of the Company and Oramed Ltd., effective July 5, 2021. In accordance with
the employment agreement, as amended, Mr. Silberman’s current gross monthly salary is NIS 49,810, effective January 1, 2024 and will increase to NIS
52,300, effective June 1, 2024. In addition, Mr. Silberman is provided with a phone and a company car allowance pursuant to the terms of his agreement.

We  have  entered  into  indemnification  agreements  with  our  directors  and  officers  pursuant  to  which  we  agreed  to  indemnify  each  director  and

officer for any liability he or she may incur by reason of the fact that he or she serves as our director or officer, to the maximum extent permitted by law. 

Potential Payments upon Termination or Change-in-Control

We have no plans or arrangements in respect of remuneration received or that may be received by our NEOs to compensate such officers in the

event of termination of employment (as a result of resignation or retirement).

According to our NEOs’ employment agreements, upon a termination in connection with a change-in-control that occurs during the period that is

three months prior and 12 months after the event, the following “double trigger” change-in-control provisions shall apply:

●

●

●

The President and Chief Executive Officer will be entitled to receive 18 months severance.

All other NEOS will be entitled to receive 12 months severance.

Severance shall be defined as base salary plus bonuses over the severance period. For U.S.-based persons, COBRA payments equivalent to
healthcare benefits values will be provided over the severance period.

●

Full vesting acceleration of all outstanding unvested equity incentives.

Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefit Plans

We have no arrangements or plans under which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. Our directors

and executive officers may receive stock options, RSUs or restricted shares at the discretion of our Compensation Committee in the future.

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policy Relating to Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation

Our  Board  has  adopted  an  executive  compensation  clawback  policy,  administered  by  our  Compensation  Committee,  which  provides  for  the
recoupment  (or  clawback)  from  current  and  former  executive  officers  of  certain  compensation  in  the  event  of  an  accounting  restatement  resulting  from
material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under the federal securities laws of the United States. In the event the Company is required
to prepare an accounting restatement of its financial statements due to the Company’s material non-compliance with any financial reporting requirement
under the securities laws, the Compensation Committee will require prompt reimbursement or forfeiture of any excess incentive compensation (as defined
in the clawback policy) received by any covered executive officer during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date on which the
Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement.

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT DECEMBER 31, 2023

The following table sets forth information concerning stock options and stock awards held by the NEOs as of December 31, 2023.

Name

Nadav Kidron

Dr. Miriam Kidron

David Silberman

Option Awards

Stock Awards

Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable  

Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable 

Option
Exercise
Price
($)

Option
Expiration
Date

Number of
shares
that 
have not 
vested 
(#)

Market 
value of 
shares that 
have not 
vested
($)

47,134(1)
49,000(2)
97,000(3)
196,500(4)(5)   
190,000(6)
112,500(7)
26,750(8)
87,095(9)

47,134(1)
69,999(16)
47,000(17)
104,000(18)(5)  
100,000(19)
75,000(20)
54,000(21)
24,059(22)

25,000(28)
8,000(29)
7,121(30)

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
37,500(7)   
80,250(8)   
29,032(9)   

- 

- 

- 

- 

25,000(20)  
18,000(21)  
8,020(22)  

25,000(28)  
24,000(29)  
2,374(30)  

12.45  

4/9/24

7.77  

8.14  

3.16  

4.80  

10.40  

13.89  

6/30/27

1/31/28

2/26/29

1/8/30

2/3/31

1/3/32

3.91  

9/17/32

12.45  

4/9/24

7.77  

8.14  

3.16  

4.80  

10.40  

13.89  

6/30/27

1/31/28

2/26/29

1/8/30

2/3/31

1/3/32

3.91  

9/17/32

20.19  

13.89  

9/1/31

1/3/32

3.91  

9/17/32

582,500(12)(13)(14)(15)  

1,345,575 

408,584(23)(24)(25)(26)  

943,829 

176,375(31)(32)(33)(34)  

407,426 

(1) On April 9, 2014, 47,134 options were granted to each of Nadav Kidron and Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $12.45 per
share; 15,710 of such options vested on April 30, 2014 and the remainder vested in eight equal monthly installments, commencing on May 31, 2014.
The options have an expiration date of April 9, 2024.

(2) On June 30, 2017, 147,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $7.77 per share; 49,000 of such options
vested on December 31, 2017 and the remainder vested in two equal installments of 49,000 on each of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019,
subject  to  the  Company  share  price  reaching  the  target  of  $9.50  and  $12.50  per  share,  respectively.  The  options  expire  on  June  30,  2027.  As  of
December 31, 2021, 98,000 of these options were forfeited.

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
  
 
 
 
(3) On January 31, 2018, 97,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $8.14 per share; 97,000 of such options
vested in four equal installments of 24,250 on each of January 1, 2019, January 1, 2020, January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. The options expire on
January 31, 2028.

(4) On February 26, 2019, 196,500 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $3.16 per share; 196,500 of such
options vested in four equal installments of 49,125 on each of December 31, 2019, December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022.
The options expire on February 26, 2029. For additional information please see footnote 5 below.

(5) On September 11, 2019, these options were canceled and re-granted under the 2019 Plan in the same amounts and under the same terms as the original

grants.

(6) On January 8, 2020, 190,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $4.80 per share. 190,000 of the options
vested  in  four  equal  installments  of  47,500  on  each  of  December  31,  2020,  December  31,  2021,  December  31,  2022  and  December  31,  2023.  The
options expire on January 8, 2030.

(7) On February 3, 2021, 150,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $10.40 per share. 112,500 of  the
options vested in three equal installments of 37,500 on each of December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023, and the remainder of
37,500 shall vest on December 31, 2024. The options expire on February 3, 2031.

(8) On January 3, 2022, 107,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $13.89 per share. 26,750 options vested
on January 1, 2023, and the remainder shall vest in three equal installments of 26,750 on each of January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.
The options expire on January 3, 2032.

(9) On September 18, 2022, 116,127 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the Oravax Medical Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan at an exercise
price of $3.91 per share. 87,095 of the options vested in three installments on each of September 18, 2022, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023
and the remaining 29,032 options shall vest on December 31, 2024. The options expire on September 17, 2032.

(10) On  November  13,  2014,  9,788  RSUs,  representing  a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock,  were  granted  to  Nadav  Kidron.  The
RSUs vested in two equal installments, each of 4,894 shares, on November 30 and December 31, 2014. The shares of common stock underlying the
RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee.

(11) On  February  23,  2015,  79,848  RSUs,  representing  a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock,  were  granted  to  Nadav  Kidron.  The
RSUs vested in 23 installments consisting of one installment of 6,654 shares on February 28, 2015 and 22 equal monthly installments of 3,327 shares
each, commencing March 31, 2015. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee.

(12) On February 3, 2021, 300,000 RSUs, representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock, were granted to Nadav Kidron. 100,000
RSUs vested in one installment on August 31, 2021 and the remainder shall vest per the following: 100,000 shares shall vest upon our common stock
achieving a specified price per share, and 100,000 shall vest upon our achievement of certain business objectives.

(13) On January 3, 2022, 63,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. 15,750 RSUs
vested on January 1, 2023 and the shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. 47,250 shall vest in three
equal installments of 15,750 on each of January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.

(14) On July 28, 2022, 126,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. 126,000 RSUs

shall vest in three equal installments of 42,000 on each of January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(15) On April 17, 2023, 279,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. 69,750 RSUs
vested in three equal quarterly installments of 23,250 starting May 1, 2023 and the remainder of 209,250 shall vest in nine equal quarterly installments
of 23,250 starting February 1, 2024.

(16) On June 30, 2017, 69,999 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $7.77 per share; Such options vested
in three equal installments of 23,333 on each of December 31, 2017, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The options have an expiration date
of June 30, 2027.

(17) On January 31, 2018, 47,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $8.14 per share; 47,000 of such
options vested in four equal installments of 11,750 on each of January 1, 2019, January 1, 2020, January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. The options
expire on January 31, 2028.

(18) On February 26, 2019, 104,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $3.16 per share; 104,000 of
such options vested in four equal installments of 26,000 on each of December 31, 2019, December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021 and December 31,
2022. The options expire on February 26, 2029. For additional information please see footnote 5 above.

(19) On January 8, 2020, 100,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $4.80 per share. 100,000 of the
options vested in four equal installments of 25,000 on each of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023.
The options expire on January 8, 2030.

(20) On February 3, 2021, 100,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $10.40 per share. 75,000 of such
options vested in three equal installments of 25,000 on each of on each of December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023 and the
remaining 25,000 options shall vest on December 31, 2024. The options expire on February 3, 2031.

(21) On January 3, 2022, 72,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $13.89 per share. 18,000 of such
options vested on January 1, 2023 and the remaining 54,000 of the options shall vest in three equal installments of 18,000 on each of January 1, 2024,
January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026. The options expire on January 3, 2032.

(22) On  September  18,  2022,  32,079  options  were  granted  to  Dr.  Miriam  Kidron  under  the  Oravax  Medical  Inc.  2021  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  at an
exercise price of $3.91 per share. 24,059 of the options vested in three installments on each of September 18, 2022, December 31, 2022 and December
31, 2023 and the remaining 8,020 options shall vest on December 31, 2024. The options expire on September 17, 2032.

(23) On  February  3,  2021,  200,000  RSUs,  representing  a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock,  were  granted  to  Dr.  Miriam  Kidron.
66,666 RSUs vested in one installment on August 31, 2021 and the remainder shall vest per the following: 66,667 shares shall vest upon our common
stock achieving a specified price per share, and 66,667 shall vest upon our achievement of certain business objectives.

(24) On January 3, 2022, 42,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 10,500
vested on January 1, 2023 and 31,500 shall vest in three equal installments of 10,500 on each of January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.

52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(25) On July 28, 2022, 84,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 84,000

shall vest in three equal installments of 26,000 on each of January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.

(26) On April 17, 2023, 213,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 53,250
RSUs  vested  in  three  equal  quarterly  installments  of  17,750  starting  May  1,  2023  and  the  remainder  of  159,750  shall  vest  in  nine  equal  quarterly
installments of 17,750 starting February 1, 2024. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee.

(27) On  April  17,  2023,  53,500  performance-based  RSUs  representing  a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  were  granted  to  Dr.
Miriam Kidron. 120,000 RSUs vested in one installment on May 26, 2023, upon our common stock achieving a specified price per share. The shares of
common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee.

(28) On September 1, 2021, 50,000 options were granted to David Silberman under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $20.19 per share. 25,000 options
vested on June 27, 2022 and June 27, 2023 and the remainder shall vest in two equal installments of 12,500 options on each of June 27, 2024 and June
27, 2025. The options expire on September 1, 2031.

(29) On  January  3,  2022,  32,000  options  were  granted  to  David  Silberman  under  the  2019  Plan  at  an  exercise  price  of  $13.89  per  share.  8,000  options
vested on January 1, 2023 and the remainder shall vest in three equal installments of 8,000 on each of January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and January 1,
2026. The options expire on January 3, 2032.

(30) On September 18, 2022, 9,495 options were granted to David Silberman under the Oravax Medical Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan at an exercise
price of $3.91 per share. 7,121 of the options vested in two installments on each of September 18, 2022 and December 31, 2022 and the remaining
2,374 options shall vest on December 31, 2024. The options expire on September 17, 2032.

(31) On September 1, 2021, 50,000 RSUs, representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock, were granted to David Silberman. These
RSUs vest as follows: (i) 33,333 shall vest upon our common stock achieving a price per share of $25 for at least 20 days out of any 30-day trading
period and (a) if the first condition was met any time before June 27, 2022, then the RSUs would have vested in three equal installments (on June 27,
2022, June 27, 2023 and June 27, 2024), (b) if the first condition is met any time between June 27, 2022 and June 27, 2023, then 1/3 of the RSUs will
vest immediately, and the remainder will vest in two equal installments (on June 27, 2023 and June 27, 2024), (c) if the first condition is met any time
between June 27, 2023 and June 27, 2024, then 2/3 of the RSUs will vest immediately, and the remaining 1/3 will vest on June 27, 2024) and (d) if the
first  condition  is  met  any  time  after  June  27,  2024,  then  the  RSUs  will  vest  immediately;  and  (ii)  16,667  upon  achievement  of  a  certain  licensing
agreement as specified by the Board and (a) if the first condition was met any time before June 27, 2022, then the RSUs would have vested in three
equal installments (on June 27, 2022, June 27, 2023 and June 27, 2024), (b) if the first condition is met any time between June 27, 2022 and June 27,
2023, then 1/3 of the RSUs will vest immediately, and the remainder will vest in two equal installments (on June 27, 2023 and June 27, 2024), (c) if the
first condition is met any time between June 27, 2023 and June 27, 2024, then 2/3 of the RSUs will vest immediately, and the remaining 1/3 will vest
on June 27, 2024) and (d) if the first condition is met any time after June 27, 2024, then the RSUs will vest immediately.

(32) On January 3, 2022, 19,000 RSUs representing a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  were  granted  to  David  Silberman.  4,750
RSUs vested on January 1, 2023 and 14,250 shall vest in three equal installments of 4,750 on each January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and January 1,
2026.

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(33) On July 28, 2022, 39,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to David Silberman. 39,000 shall

vest in three equal installments of 13,000 on each of January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.

(34) On April 17, 2023, 97,500 RSUs representing a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  were  granted  to  David  Silberman.  24,375
RSUs vested in three equal quarterly installments of 8,125 starting May 1, 2023 and the 73,125 shall vest in nine equal quarterly installments of 8,125
starting February 1, 2024.

The following table provides information regarding compensation earned by, awarded or paid to each person for serving as a director who is not

an executive officer during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Name of Director
Dr. Arie Mayer(3)
Yadin Rozov(5)
Leonard Sank
Benjamin Shapiro(6)

Fees
Earned or
Paid in
Cash
($)

Stock 
Awards
(1)(2)($)

Option 
Awards 
(1)(2)($)

All Other 
Compensation
($)

58,875     
40,125     
43,875     
20,000     

68,400     
68,400     
68,400     
49,000     

-     
-     
      -     
-     

-     
-     
      -     
-     

Total
($)

127,275 
108,525 
112,275 
69,000 

(1) As of December 31, 2023, our non-employee directors then in office held options to purchase shares of our common stock and RSUs as follows:

Name of Director
Dr. Arie Mayer(4)
Yadin Rozov(5)
Leonard Sank
Benjamin Shapiro(6)

54

Aggregate
Number
of Shares
Underlying
Stock
Awards

Aggregate
Number
of Shares
Underlying
Option
Awards

39,000     
37,875     
39,000     
15,000     

45,398 
7,500 
59,867 
- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
(2) The amounts reflect the grant date fair value, as calculated pursuant to ASC 718, of these option awards. The assumptions used to determine the fair
value of the option awards are set forth in note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report. Our directors will
not realize the value of these awards in cash unless and until these awards are exercised and the underlying shares subsequently sold.

(3) Includes $15,000 in additional director fees paid to Dr. Mayer in his capacity as a director during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

(4) Includes 15,398 option awards granted by Oravax for Dr. Mayer’s service as a member of the Board of Directors of Oravax.

(5) Mr. Rozov resigned from the Board on January 17, 2024.

(6) Mr. Shapiro joined the Board on May 1, 2023.

Our  directors  are  entitled  to  reimbursement  for  reasonable  travel  and  other  out-of-pocket  expenses  incurred  in  connection  with  attendance  at
meetings of our Board. Based on a report provided to the Compensation Committee by Aon in 2023, effective as of January 1, 2024, each independent
director is entitled to receive as remuneration for his or her service as a member of the Board a sum equal to $30,000 and a grant of 5,070 RSUs per annum.
The Chairman of our Board is entitled to receive an additional sum equal to $25,500. The members of our Audit Committee are each entitled to receive an
additional sum equal to $6,000 and a grant of 2,230 RSUs. The members of our Compensation Committee are each entitled to receive an additional sum
equal to $4,500 and a grant of 1,520 RSUs. The members of our Nominating Committee are each entitled to receive an additional sum equal to $4,000 and
a grant of 505 RSUs. All cash remuneration is to be paid quarterly after the close of each quarter. The RSUs vest on April 1, July 1, October 1 and January
1  of  each  year,  subject  to  Compensation  Committee  approval  each  year.  Our  executive  officers  did  not  receive  additional  compensation  for  service  as
directors.  The  Board  may  award  special  remuneration  to  any  director  undertaking  any  special  services  on  behalf  of  us  other  than  services  ordinarily
required of a director.

Other than as described above, we have no present formal plan for compensating our directors for their service in their capacity as directors. Other
than indicated above, no director received and/or accrued any compensation for his services as a director, including committee participation and/or special
assignments during the year ended December 31, 2023.

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM  12.  SECURITY  OWNERSHIP  OF  CERTAIN  BENEFICIAL  OWNERS  AND  MANAGEMENT  AND  RELATED  STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS.

Stock Option Plans

Our Board adopted the 2008 Plan and the 2019 Plan in order to attract and retain quality personnel.

The 2008 Plan, which is no longer utilized for new grants, provided for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and stock appreciation
rights, collectively referred to as “awards.” Under the 2008 Plan, as amended, 2,400,000 shares were reserved for the grant of awards. As of December 31,
2023, options with respect to 2,287,989 shares had been granted, of which 275,673 had been forfeited, 308,804 had been exercised and 1,310,586 have
expired. As of December 31, 2023, 525,824 RSUs had been granted, of which 89,636 have vested and the shares of common stock underlying those RSUs
have not been issued and 34,118 have been forfeited.

The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and stock appreciation rights, collectively referred to as “awards.”
Under the 2019 Plan, 1,000,000 shares were initially reserved for the grant of awards. On June 29, 2020, and August 3, 2020, respectively, our Board and
stockholders approved to amend and restate the 2019 Plan, the principal change being an increase in the number of shares of common stock available under
the 2019 Plan from 1,000,000 shares to 3,000,000 shares. On June 30, 2022, our Board and stockholders approved to amend and restate the 2019 Plan, the
principal change being an increase in the number of shares of common stock available under the 2019 Plan from 3,000,000 shares to 7,500,000 shares.
Stock options granted under the 2019 Plan may be either incentive stock options under the provisions of Section 422 of the Code, or non-qualified stock
options. Under the amended 2019 Plan, 7,500,000 shares are reserved for the grant of awards, which may be issued at the discretion of our Board from time
to  time.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  options  with  respect  to  1,863,646  shares  have  been  granted,  of  which  232,918  had  been  forfeited,  66,978  had  been
exercised and none of them were expired. As of December 31, 2023, 3,015,600 RSUs had been granted, of which 122,500 have vested and the shares of
common stock underlying those RSUs have not been issued and 371,751 have been forfeited. Since the Company had granted options during the time after
the 2008 Plan allegedly terminated, and out of an abundance of caution, the Company canceled these grants and re-granted certain of the options under
2019 Plan in the same amounts and under the same terms as the original grants.

The following table sets forth additional information with respect to our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2023:

Number of
securities
remaining
available for
future
issuance
under equity
compensation
plans
(excluding
securities
reflected in
column (a))
(c)
3,365,488 
- 
3,365,488 

Number of
securities to
be issued
upon
exercise of
outstanding
options,
RSUs and
rights (a)

Weight-
average
exercise
price of
outstanding
options,
RSUs and
rights (b)

3,791,038    $
-     
3,791,038    $

4.10     
-     
4.10     

Plan category
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
Total

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The  following  table  sets  forth  certain  information  regarding  the  beneficial  ownership  of  our  common  stock  as  of  March  6,  2024  by:  (1)  each
person who is known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our common stock; (2) each of our current directors; (3) each of our NEOs; and (4) all of
our directors and executive officers as a group. On such date, we had 40,519,160 shares of common stock outstanding.

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
As used in the table below and elsewhere in this form, the term “beneficial ownership” with respect to a security consists of sole or shared voting
power, including the power to vote or direct the vote, and/or sole or shared investment power, including the power to dispose or direct the disposition, with
respect to the security through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, including a right to acquire such power(s) during the 60
days following March 6, 2024. Inclusion of shares in the table does not, however, constitute an admission that the named stockholder is a direct or indirect
beneficial owner of those shares. Unless otherwise indicated, (1) each person or entity named in the table has sole voting power and investment power (or
shares that power with that person’s spouse) with respect to all shares of common stock listed as owned by that person or entity and (2) the address of each
of the individuals named below is: c/o Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1185 Avenue of the Americas, Third Floor, New York, New York 10036.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
Nadav Kidron #+
Dr. Miriam Kidron #+

David Silberman+

Dr. Daniel Aghion #

Dr. Arie Mayer #

Leonard Sank #

Benjamin Shapiro #

All current executive officers and directors, as a group (eight persons)

*

Less than 1%

# Director

+ NEO

Number of
Shares
2,103,947(1)   
795,299(2)   
151,375(3)   
2,206(4)   
55,641(5)   
87,395(6)   
1,909,602(7)   

5,685,443(8)   

Percentage
of Shares
Beneficially
Owned

5.6%

1.9%

* 

* 

* 

* 

4.7%

13.9%

(1) Includes 745,634 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, 50,667 shares of common stock issuable upon the
vesting  of  RSUs,  and  163,136  shares  of  common  stock  underlying  vested  RSUs  that  are  issuable  upon  request.  Mr.  Nadav’s  beneficial  ownership
includes the 218,603 shares of common stock held by Xiaopeng Li, a former director of the Company, over which he holds a proxy.

(2) Includes 479,133 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, 42,375 shares of common stock issuable upon the

vesting of RSUs, and 187,625 shares of common stock underlying vested RSUs that are issuable upon request.

(3) Includes 41,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and 19,500 shares of common stock issuable upon the

vesting of RSUs.

(4) Includes 2,206 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs.

(5) Includes 25,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and 4,832 shares of common stock issuable upon the

vesting of RSUs.

(6) Includes 54,867 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and 4,832 shares of common stock issuable upon the

vesting of RSUs.

(7) Includes 2,935 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs.

(8) Includes  1,501,134  shares  of  common  stock  issuable  upon  the  exercise  of  options  beneficially  owned  by  the  referenced  persons,  127,347  shares  of

common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs and 350,761 shares of common stock underlying vested RSUs that are issuable upon request.

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
  
   
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, except for compensation arrangements described elsewhere herein, we did not participate in
any transaction, and we are not currently participating in any proposed transaction, or series of transactions, in which the amount involved exceeded the
lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which, to our knowledge, any
of our directors, officers, five percent beneficial security holders, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons had, or will have, a
direct or indirect material interest.

Our policy is to enter into transactions with related persons on terms that, on the whole, are no less favorable than those available from unaffiliated
third  parties.  Based  on  our  experience  in  the  business  sectors  in  which  we  operate  and  the  terms  of  our  transactions  with  unaffiliated  third  parties,  we
believe that all of the transactions described below met this policy standard at the time they occurred. All related person transactions are approved by our
Board.

The Board has determined that Dr. Daniel Aghion, Dr. Arie Mayer, Leonard Sank and Benjamin Shapiro are independent as defined under the

rules promulgated by Nasdaq.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

The  aggregate  fees  billed  by  Kesselman  &  Kesselman, 

independent  registered  public  accounting  firm,  and  member  firm  of

PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, for services rendered to us during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Audit Fees(1)
Audit-Related Fees(2)
Tax Fees(3)
All Other Fees
Total Fees

2023

2022

132,501    $
1,500     
31,363     
-     
165,364    $

130,000 
45,000 
20,000 
- 
195,000 

  $

  $

(1) Amount  represents  fees  paid  for  professional  services  for  the  audit  of  our  consolidated  financial  statements,  review  of  our  interim  condensed
consolidated financial statements included in quarterly reports and services that are normally provided by our independent registered public accounting
firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

(2) Represents fees paid for services rendered in connection with at-the-market offering related fees for fiscal year 2022, and fees rendered in connection
with the Israeli Innovation Authority requirements. Represents fees paid for services rendered with the Israeli Innovation Authority requirements.

(3) Represents fees paid for tax consulting services.

SEC rules require that before the independent registered public accounting firm are engaged by us to render any auditing or permitted non-audit
related  service,  the  engagement  be:  (1)  pre-approved  by  our  Audit  Committee;  or  (2)  entered  into  pursuant  to  pre-approval  policies  and  procedures
established by the Audit Committee, provided the policies and procedures are detailed as to the particular service, the Audit Committee is informed of each
service, and such policies and procedures do not include delegation of the Audit Committee’s responsibilities to management.

The Audit Committee pre-approves all services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. All of the above services and fees

were reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee before the services were rendered.

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

(a)

Index to Financial Statements

PART IV

The following consolidated financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB name: Kesselman & Kesselman C.P.A.s,

PCAOB ID: 1309 and Auditor Location: Tel Aviv, Israel)

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:

Balance sheets
Statements of income (loss)
Statements of changes in equity
Statements of cash flows
Notes to financial statements

59

Page

F-1

F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6 - F-34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31,
2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, including the related
notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then
ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United  States)  (PCAOB)  and  are  required  to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to
error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our
audits  we  are  required  to  obtain  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  that  was
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated
financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not
alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below,
providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Investments at fair value

As described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has $110,188 thousand investments at fair value recorded as of December 31,
2023 relating to the note and warrants issued to the Company by Scilex Holding Company. Management applied significant judgment in estimating the fair
value of the investments recorded, which also impacted the results of operations of the Company by approximately $15,638 thousand for the change in fair
value of such investments in the year ended December 31, 2023. The fair value estimation involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions with
respect to the repayment date of the note and the related amounts of the note and warrants.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to investments at fair value is a critical audit matter are (i) the high
degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity in performing procedures relating to the fair value measurement of the investments recorded, due to significant
judgment by management when developing the estimate; (ii) significant audit effort in evaluating the significant assumptions relating to the repayment date
of  the  note  and  the  related  amounts  of  the  note  and  warrants;  and  (iii)  the  audit  effort  involved  the  use  of  professionals  with  specialized  skill  and
knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated
financial statements. These procedures included, among others (i) reading the related agreements and (ii) testing management’s process for estimating the
fair value of the investments. Testing management’s process included evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation methods, testing the completeness and
accuracy of the data provided by management, and evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions related to the repayment date. Professionals
with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s models.

/s/ Kesselman & Kesselman
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
A member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited

Tel Aviv, Israel 
March 6, 2024 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008. 

Kesselman & Kesselman, Trade Tower, 25 Hamered Street, Tel-Aviv 6812508, Israel,
P.O Box 50005 Tel-Aviv 6150001 Telephone: +972 -3- 7954555, Fax:+972 -3- 7954556, www.pwc.com/il

F-1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
In thousands (except share and per share data)

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term deposits (note 2)
Marketable securities (note 3)
Investments at fair value (note 4)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Total current assets

LONG-TERM ASSETS:
Long-term deposits
Investments at fair value (note 4)
Marketable securities (note 3)
Other non-marketable equity securities (note 5)
Amounts funded in respect of employee rights upon retirement
Property and equipment, net
Operating lease right of use assets

Total long-term assets
Total assets

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Accounts payable and accrued expenses (note 6)
Short-term borrowings (note 7)
Deferred revenues
Payable to related parties (note 13b)
Operating lease liabilities
Total current liabilities

LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:
Long-term deferred revenues
Employee rights upon retirement
Provision for uncertain tax position (note 12f)
Operating lease liabilities
Other liabilities

Total long-term liabilities

COMMITMENTS (note 8)

EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY’S STOCKHOLDERS’:
Common stock, $ 0.012 par value (60,000,000 authorized shares as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022;

40,338,979 and 39,563,888 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022,
respectively)

EQUITY

Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Total stockholders’ equity
Non-controlling interests

Total equity
Total liabilities and equity

  $

  $

  $

December 31,

2023

2022

9,055    $
95,279     
-     
57,713     
537     
162,584     

7     
51,035     
1,807     
3,524     
27     
873     
694     
57,967     
220,551    $

1,609    $
51,013     
-     
325     
267     
53,214     

4,000     
28     
11     
342     
63     
4,444     

40,464 
111,513 
3,743 
- 
1,389 
157,109 

7 
- 
- 
2,700 
24 
815 
987 
4,533 
161,642 

4,158 
- 
1,340 
1 
247 
5,746 

4,000 
21 
11 
647 
61 
4,740 

485     
320,892     
(157,556)    
163,821     
(928)    
162,893     
220,551    $

476 
314,417 
(163,081)
151,812 
(656)
151,156 
161,642 

  $

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
  
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

REVENUES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
SALES AND MARKETING
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
OPERATING LOSS

INTEREST EXPENSES (note 11b)
FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSES), NET (note 11a)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE TAX EXPENSES
TAX EXPENSES
NET LOSS (INCOME)

NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
COMPANY’S STOCKHOLDERS
NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS

NET INCOME (LOSS)

BASIC INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK

DILUTED INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK

Year ended 
December 31,    

2023

Year ended
December 31,  
2022

  $

  $

  $

  $
  $

1,340    $
(8,971)    
287     
(8,425)    
(15,769)    

(2,037)    
22,894     
5,088     
-     
5,088    $

5,525     
(437)    
5,088    $

0.14    $
0.14    $

2,703 
(27,639)
(1,851)
(13,811)
(40,598)

- 
2,934 
(37,664)
(100)
(37,764)

(36,561)
(1,203)
(37,764)

(0.94)
(0.94)

WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK USED IN COMPUTING BASIC

INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK

WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK USED IN COMPUTING

DILUTED INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK

40,315,068     

38,997,649 

40,566,901     

38,997,649 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
   
 
   
      
  
 
   
      
  
   
   
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
in thousands

Attributable to Company’s Stockholders

    Additional    

Total

Non-

Common Stock
$

Shares
  In thousands   

paid-in     Accumulated    stockholders’    controlling    
interests    
capital

equity

deficit

Total
Equity

39,564     
3     

476     
*     

314,417     
9     

(163,081)    
-     

151,812     
9     

(656)    
-     

151,156 
9 

193     
579     

-     
-     

2     
7     

-     
-     

2,426     
4,040     

-     
-     

-     
-     

-     
5,525     

2,428     
4,047     

-     
5,525     

-     
-     

165     
(437)    

2,428 
4,047 

165 
5,088 

40,339     

485     

320,892     

(157,556)    

163,821     

(928)    

162,893 

Attributable to Company’s Stockholders

    Additional    

Total

Non-

Common Stock
$

Shares
  In thousands   

paid-in     Accumulated    stockholders’    controlling    
interests    
capital

equity

deficit

Total
Equity

38,158     
3     

459     
*     

292,514     
22     

(126,520)    
-     

166,453     
22     

157     
-     

166,610 
22 

1,213     

15     

11,485     

62     
11,117     

-     

39     
151     

-     

-     
-     

*     
2     

-     

-     
-     

-     

-     
-     

-     

11,500     

-     

11,500 

62     
11,119     

-     
-     

62 
11,119 

-     

390     

390 

(783)    
-     

-     
(36,561)    

(783)    
(36,561)    

-     
(1,203)    

(783)
(37,764)

39,564     

476     

314,417     

(163,081)    

151,812     

(656)    

151,156 

BALANCE AS OF JANUARY 1, 2023
SHARES ISSUED FOR SERVICES
ISSUANCE OF COMMON STOCK,

NET

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION OF

SUBSIDIARY

NET INCOME (LOSS)
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31,

2023

* Represents an amount of less than $1.

BALANCE AS OF JANUARY 1, 2022
SHARES ISSUED FOR SERVICES
ISSUANCE OF COMMON STOCK,

NET

EXERCISE OF WARRANTS AND

OPTIONS

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION OF

SUBSIDIARY

TAX WITHHOLDINGS RELATED TO
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
SETTLEMENTS

NET LOSS
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31,

2022

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
In thousands

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Net income (loss)
Adjustments required to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:

Depreciation
Gain from selling fixed assets
Exchange differences and interest on deposits and held to maturity bonds
Changes in fair value of investments
Stock-based compensation
Shares issued for services
Funds in respect of employee rights upon retirement
Accrued interest on short-term borrowings to maturity

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and related parties
Net changes in operating lease
Deferred revenues
Liability for employee rights upon retirement
Other liabilities

Total net cash used in operating activities
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

Purchase of property and equipment
Proceeds from selling fixed assets
Purchase of short-term deposits
Purchase of long-term deposits
Long-term investments
Proceeds from long-term investments
Proceeds from redemption of short-term deposits
Proceeds from maturity of held to maturity securities
Funds in respect of employee rights upon retirement

Total net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs
Proceeds from exercise of warrants and options
Loans received
Loans repaid
Tax withholdings related to stock-based compensation settlements

Total net cash provided by financing activities

EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR

(A) SUPPLEMENTARY DISCLOSURE ON CASH FLOWS:

Taxes paid
Interest paid
Interest received

(B) SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Recognition of operating lease right of use assets and liabilities

  $

  $
  $
  $

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

F-5

Year ended 
December 31,    

2023

Year ended 
December 31,  
2022

  $

5,088    $

(37,764)

196     
-     
(2,172)    
(16,392)    
4,212     
9     
(3)    
1,463     

852     
(2,225)    
8     
(1,340)    
7     
2     
(10,295)    

(254)    
-     
(91,369)    
-     
(99,550)    
5,000     
109,760     
3,375     
-     
(73,038)    

2,428     
-     
99,550     
(50,000)    
-     
51,978     
(54)    
(31,409)    
40,464     
9,055    $

-    $
574    $
5,156    $

-     

58 
(13)
(1,550)
763 
11,509 
22 
- 
- 

268 
(376)
(93)
(703)
(1)
(38)
(27,918)

(496)
24 
(151,700)
(5)
(2,700)
- 
178,200 
6,886 
2 
30,211 

11,500 
62 
- 
- 
(783)
10,779 
(64)
13,008 
27,456 
40,464 

100 
- 
1,844 

730 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
     
 
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

a.

General

1)

Incorporation and operations

Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company,” unless the context indicates otherwise), a Delaware
corporation, was incorporated on April 12, 2002.

On February 17, 2006, the Company entered into an agreement with Hadasit Medical Services and Development Ltd. to acquire the
provisional patent related to an orally ingestible insulin capsule to be used for the treatment of individuals with diabetes.

On May 14, 2007, the Company incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary in Israel, Oramed Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), which is engaged
in research and development.

On  July  30,  2019,  the  Subsidiary  incorporated  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary  in  Hong  Kong,  Oramed  HK  Limited  (the  “Hong  Kong
Subsidiary”). As of December 31, 2023, the Hong Kong Subsidiary has no operations.

On March 18, 2021, the Company entered into a license agreement (the “Oravax License Agreement”) with Oravax Medical Inc.
(“Oravax”)  and  into  a  stockholders  agreement  (the  “Stockholders  Agreement”)  with  Akers  Biosciences  Inc.,  Premas  Biotech  Pvt.
Ltd.,  Cutter  Mill  Capital  LLC  (“Cutter  Mill”)  and  Run  Ridge  LLC  (“Run  Ridge”).  According  to  the  Stockholders  Agreement,
Oravax issued 1,890,000 shares of its capital stock to the Company, representing 63% of the issued and outstanding share capital of
Oravax, on a fully diluted basis, as of the date of issuance. Consequently, Oramed consolidates Oravax in its consolidated financial
statements since that time.

On  November  23,  2021,  Oravax  incorporated  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary  in  Israel,  Oravax  Medical  Ltd.,  which  is  engaged  in
research  and  development.  Effective  January  1,  2022,  Oravax  transferred  its  rights  and  obligations  under  the  Oravax  License
Agreement to Oravax Medical Ltd.

On January 11, 2023, the Company announced that the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints.
As a result, the Company terminated this trial and a parallel Phase 3, ORA-D-013-2 clinical trial. As these results are considered a
triggering event, the Company evaluated all of its long lived assets which include fixed assets and operating lease right-of-use assets
in the first quarter of 2023 and concluded that no impairment was required. In 2023, the Company completed an analysis of the data
from the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial and found that subpopulations of patients with pooled specific parameters, such as body mass
index  (BMI),  baseline  HbA1c  and  age,  responded  well  to  oral  insulin.  These  subsets  exhibited  an  over  1%  placebo  adjusted,
statistically significant, reduction in HbA1c. Based on this analysis, the Company is working on a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical
trial to be submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”). Concurrently, the Company is examining its existing
pipeline  and  has  commenced  an  evaluation  process  of  potential  strategic  opportunities,  with  the  goal  of  enhancing  value  for  the
Company’s stockholders.

F-6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

2) Development and liquidity risks

The Company is engaged in research and development in the biotechnology field for innovative pharmaceutical solutions, including
an orally ingestible insulin capsule to be used for the treatment of individuals with diabetes, and the use of orally ingestible capsules
for delivery of other polypeptides, and has not generated significant revenues from its operations. Following the termination of the
ORA-D-013-1 and ORA-D-013-2 Phase 3 trials, the Company’s research and development activities have been significantly reduced
while it conducted a strategic review process. As a result, the Company is currently incurring lower research and development and
sales and marketing expenses. The Company is working on a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical trial to be submitted to the FDA.
Concurrently,  the  Company  is  examining  its  existing  pipeline  and  has  commenced  an  evaluation  process  of  potential  strategic
opportunities.

Based  on  the  Company’s  current  cash  resources  and  commitments,  the  Company  believes  it  will  be  able  to  maintain  its  current
planned development activities and the corresponding level of expenditures for at least the next 12 months, although no assurance
can be given that the Company will not need additional funds prior to such time. If there are unexpected increases in its operating
expenses, the Company may need to seek additional financing during the next 12 months. The Company may also need additional
funds  to  realize  the  decisions  made  as  part  of  its  strategic  review  process.  The  Company  cannot  predict  the  outcome  of  these
activities.

On August 7, 2023, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, as subsequently amended on August 9, 2023 and August
21, 2023, (the “Sorrento SPA”), with Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. (“Sorrento”), to acquire certain equity securities of Scilex Holding
Company (“Scilex”), owned by Sorrento (the “Purchased Securities”), for a purchase price of $105,000. Sorrento and its affiliated
debtor,  Scintilla  Pharmaceuticals,  Inc.  (“Scintilla”  and  together  with  Sorrento,  the  “Debtors”)  are  in  Chapter  11  bankruptcy
proceedings.

On August 9, 2023, the Company entered into a Senior Secured, Super-Priority Debtor-in-Possession Loan and Security Agreement
(the “Senior DIP Loan Agreement”) with the Debtors in the principal amount of $100,000, which included a non-refundable closing
fee of $450 paid in full out of the proceeds. This amount was subsequently drawn in full by the Debtors and was intended to be used
by the Company as a credit for the consideration for the Purchased Securities, with an additional $5,000 in cash to be paid by the
Company at closing. Thereafter, the Company and Sorrento continued discussions and negotiations relating to the sale contemplated
under the Sorrento SPA.

On  September  21,  2023,  the  Company  entered  into  and  consummated  the  transactions  contemplated  by  a  Securities  Purchase
Agreement (the “Scilex SPA”) with Scilex and Acquiom Agency Services LLC. Pursuant to the Scilex SPA, in exchange for Scilex
assuming outstanding obligations of Sorrento under the Senior DIP Loan Agreement (the “DIP Assumption”) and for the ability to
credit the amounts assumed under the DIP Assumption in exchange for certain equity securities of Scilex owned by Sorrento, Scilex
(i) issued to the Company (A) a Senior Secured Promissory Note due 18 months from the date of issuance in the principal amount of
$101,875 (the “Note”), which includes accrued and unpaid interest of $875 under the Senior DIP Loan Agreement and $1,000 of fees
added  to  the  principal  amount  of  the  Note,  (B)  the  Closing  Penny  Warrant  (as  defined  herein),  and  (C)  the  Subsequent  Penny
Warrants  (as  defined  herein),  and  (ii)  caused  the  Transferred  Warrants  (as  defined  herein)  to  be  transferred  to  the  Company.  For
further details, see note 4. 

On August 8, 2023, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $99,550 pursuant to loan agreements from Israel Discount Bank Ltd. For
further details, see note 7.

F-7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

b.

Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in
the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

c.

Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and
assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  financial
statements date and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

As  applicable  to  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  most  significant  estimates  and  assumptions  relate  to  stock-based
compensation and to the investments at fair value (for further details, see note 4).

d.

Functional currency

The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are conducted is the U.S.
dollar (“$” or “dollar”). Therefore, the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the dollar.

Transactions and balances originally denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Balances in foreign currencies are
translated  into  dollars  using  historical  and  current  exchange  rates  for  non-monetary  and  monetary  balances,  respectively.  For  foreign
transactions  and  other  items  reflected  in  the  statements  of  operations,  the  following  exchange  rates  are  used:  (1)  for  transactions  –
exchange  rates  at  transaction  dates  or  average  rates  and  (2)  for  other  items  (derived  from  non-monetary  balance  sheet  items  such  as
depreciation)  –  historical  exchange  rates.  The  resulting  transaction  gains  or  losses  are  carried  to  financial  income  or  expenses,  as
appropriate.

e.

Principles of consolidation

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries.  All  inter-company  transactions  and
balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

f.

Cash equivalents

The  Company  considers  all  short-term,  highly  liquid  investments,  which  include  short-term  deposits  with  original  maturities  of  three
months or less from the date of purchase that are not restricted as to withdrawal or use and are readily convertible to known amounts of
cash, to be cash equivalents.

g.

Fair value measurement:

The Company measures fair value and discloses fair value measurements for financial assets. Fair value is based on the price that would
be  received  to  sell  an  asset  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date.  In  order  to  increase
consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and
unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value

hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or

liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Unobservable  inputs  are  used  when  little  or  no  market  data  is  available.  The  fair  value  hierarchy  gives  the  lowest  priority  to

Level 3 inputs.

F-8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

The  Company’s  financial  assets  subject  to  fair  value  measurements  on  a  recurring  basis  and  the  level  of  inputs  used  in  such
measurements were as follows:

Assets:
Marketable Securities

DNA
Entera

Transferred Warrants (see note 4)
Closing Penny Warrant (see note 4)
Subsequent Penny Warrants (see note 4)
The Note (see note 4)

Assets:
Marketable Securities

DNA
Entera

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

    Fair Value  

December 31, 2023

297     
70     
1,440     
-     
-     
-     
1,807    $

-     
-     
-     
9,180     
-     
-     
9,180    $

-     
-     
-     
-     
6,502     
93,066     
99,568    $

297 
70 
1,440 
9,180 
6,502 
93,066 
110,555 

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

    Fair Value  

December 31, 2022

352     
85     
437    $

     -     
-     
-    $

     -     
-     
-    $

352 
85 
437 

  $

  $

The fair value of the investment in non-marketable equity securities as presented in note 5 was based on a Level 3 measurement.

As of December 31, 2023, the carrying amounts of cash equivalents, short-term deposits, Short-Term Borrowings (as defined in note 7)
and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  carrying  amounts  of  cash  equivalents,  short-term  deposits  and  accounts  payable  approximate  their  fair
values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

The amounts funded in respect of employee rights are stated at cash surrender value which approximates its fair value.

h.

Marketable securities

1. Equity securities

The  Company  measured  the  securities  (investments  in  equity  securities  of  DNA  GROUP  (T.R.)  Ltd.  (“DNA”),  Entera  Bio  Ltd.
(“Entera”) and the Transferred Warrants) at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings.

2. Held to maturity securities

All debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity because the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to
maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to
maturity.

F-9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
     
   
      
 
 
    
    
      
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
     
   
      
 
 
    
    
    
  
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

i.

Other non-marketable equity securities

The  Company  also  invested  in  non-marketable  equity  securities,  through  an  investment  in  a  privately  held  company.  This  equity
investment does not have a readily determinable fair value. The investment is measured under the measurement alternative in Accounting
Standards Codification (“ASC”) 321 “Investments – Equity Securities” to the extent such an investment is not subject to consolidation or
the equity method. Under the measurement alternative, this equity investment is carried at cost, less any impairment, adjusted for changes
resulting from observable price changes in transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The investment would be
impaired in accordance with the provisions of ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurement” if, based on a qualitative assessment of impairment
indicators, the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying amount. If considered impaired, the difference between the carrying
amount and fair value would be recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. For further details, see note 5.

j.

Investments, at fair value

The Company invested in the Note and received Penny Warrants issued by Scilex (see note 4), for which it has elected the fair value
option.  Under  the  Fair  Value  Option  Subsections  of  ASC  Subtopic  825-10,  Financial  Instruments  –  Overall,  the  Company  has  the
irrevocable option to report financial assets at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Changes in fair value are recorded under
financial income, net and include interest income on the Note.

Alongside the Note and the Penny Warrants, Scilex issued to the Company the Transferred Warrants. The Transferred Warrants meet the
definition of a derivative under ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging,” and therefore will also be measured at fair value. Changes in the
fair value of the Warrants are recorded under financial income, net.

k.

Concentration of credit risks

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term deposits,
which  are  deposited  in  major  financial  institutions,  marketable  securities,  and  the  Note  (as  defined  herein).  The  Company  is  of  the
opinion  that  the  credit  risk  in  respect  of  these  balances  is  remote,  except  for  the  Note  (as  defined  herein)  for  which  the  credit  risk  is
reflected in its fair value measurement (for further details, see note 4).

l.

Income taxes

1. Deferred taxes

Deferred taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability method based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between
the  financial  accounting  and  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  under  the  applicable  tax  laws.  Deferred  tax  balances  are  computed
using the tax rates expected to be in effect when those differences reverse. A valuation allowance in respect of deferred tax assets is
provided if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not
be realized. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance with respect to its deferred tax assets. See note 12.

Taxes  that  would  apply  in  the  event  of  disposal  of  investments  in  the  Israeli  subsidiary  have  not  been  taken  into  account  in
computing deferred taxes, as it is the Company’s intention to hold this investment, not to realize it.

2. Uncertainty in income tax

The Company follows a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax
position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position
will be sustained on audit. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being
realized upon ultimate settlement. Such liabilities are classified as long-term, unless the liability is expected to be resolved within 12
months from the balance sheet date. The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits
within income tax expenses.

F-10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

m.

Revenue recognition

HTIT

On November 30, 2015, the Company entered into a Technology License Agreement, with Hefei Tianhui Incubator of Technologies Co.
Ltd. (“HTIT”) and on December 21, 2015, the parties entered into an Amended and Restated Technology License Agreement that was
further amended by the parties on June 3, 2016 and July 24, 2016 (the “HTIT License Agreement”).

As of December 31, 2023, an aggregate amount of $22,382 was allocated to the HTIT License Agreement, all of which were received
through  the  balance  sheet  date.  Through  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  recognized  revenue  associated  with  this  agreement  in  the
aggregate amount of $20,382, of which $1,340 was recognized in the twelve month period ended December 31, 2023, and deferred the
remaining amount of $2,000, which is presented as long-term deferred revenues on the consolidated balance sheet.

Medicox

On November 13, 2022, the Company entered into a distribution license agreement (“Medicox License Agreement”) with Medicox Co.,
Ltd. (“Medicox”). The Medicox License Agreement grants Medicox an exclusive license to apply for regulatory approval and distribute
ORMD-0801 in the Republic of Korea. For further details, see note 8c.

Under ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” the Company identified Medicox as a customer and the Medicox License
Agreement as a contract with a customer.

The Company identified a performance obligation in the Medicox License Agreement to stand-ready and provide Medicox with support
in  its  commercialization  efforts  in  the  Republic  of  Korea.  This  performance  obligation  includes  a  non-distinct  distribution  license  for
ORMD-0801, which the Company views a predominant item in the combined performance obligation. The Company concluded that the
license is not distinct, as no party other than the Company is capable of providing related services to Medicox, and both the license and
related services are necessary for the customer to obtain a regulatory approval in the Republic of Korea. In addition, the agreement covers
the terms of future manufacturing services, that are contingent on the completion and success of the commercialization efforts.

The Medicox License Agreement contains a fixed consideration of $2,000, which was received by the Company during the year ended
December 31, 2022 and is currently presented under long-term deferred revenues. It also contains variable consideration of contractual
milestone payments and sales-based royalties.

The Company’s obligation to stand-ready and support Medicox will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the period the Company
expects to provide support to Medicox. As of December 31, 2023, this support has not commenced, and no revenue was recognized from
the Medicox License Agreement.

If  Medicox  proceeds  with  the  regulatory  approval  process  in  the  Republic  of  Korea,  the  Company  expects  most  of  the  revenue  to  be
recognized at a later stage, going forward. The Company notes that its Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints (see
note 1a.1). If Medicox chooses to terminate the agreement as a result of the outcome of the Phase 3 trials, the Company will accelerate
revenue recognition and recognize it at such time. 

F-11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

n.

Research and development

Research and development expenses include costs directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including
the cost of salaries, employee benefits, the cost of supplies, the cost of services provided by outside contractors, including services related
to  the  Company’s  clinical  trials,  clinical  trial  expenses  and  the  full  cost  of  manufacturing  drug  for  use  in  research  and  preclinical
development. All costs associated with research and development are expensed as incurred.

Clinical  trial  costs  are  a  significant  component  of  research  and  development  expenses  and  include  costs  associated  with  third-party
contractors.  The  Company  outsources  a  substantial  portion  of  its  clinical  trial  activities,  utilizing  external  entities  such  as  Clinical
Research Organizations (“CROs”), independent clinical investigators, and other third-party service providers to assist the Company with
the execution of its clinical trials. For each clinical trial that the Company conducts, clinical trial costs are expensed immediately.

o.

Stock-based compensation

Equity awards granted to employees are accounted for using the grant date fair value method. The grant date fair value is determined as
follows: for stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) with an exercise price using the Black Scholes pricing model, for stock
options and RSUs with market conditions using a Monte Carlo model and for RSUs with service conditions based on the grant date share
price. The fair value of share based payment awards is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. The expected term is
the  length  of  time  until  the  expected  dates  of  exercising  the  award  and  is  estimated  using  the  simplified  method  due  to  insufficient
specific  historical  information  of  employees’  exercise  behavior,  unless  the  award  includes  a  market  condition,  in  which  case  the
contractual term is used. The volatility is based on a historical volatility, by statistical analysis of the weekly share price for past periods.
The  Company  elected  to  recognize  compensation  cost  for  awards  granted  to  employees  that  have  a  graded  vesting  schedule  using  the
accelerated method based on the multiple-option award approach. For awards with only market conditions, compensation expense is not
reversed if the market conditions are not satisfied.

The Company elects to account for forfeitures as they occur. 

p.

Earnings (loss) per common share

Basic net earnings (loss) per common share are computed by dividing the net earnings (loss) attributable to stockholders for the period by
the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period, including vested RSUs. Outstanding stock options,
warrants and RSUs have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted loss per share because all such securities are anti-dilutive for
the year ended December 31, 2022.

For the diluted earnings per share calculation for the year ended December 31, 2023, the weighted average number of shares outstanding
during  the  year  is  adjusted  for  the  potential  dilution  that  could  occur  in  connection  with  employee  share-based  payment,  using  the
treasury stock method.

The weighted average number of stock options, warrants, and RSUs that has been excluded from the calculation of the diluted income per
share as of December 31, 2023 was 1,227,506 shares.

The weighted average number of stock options, warrants and RSUs excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss was 3,356,203 for
the year ended December 31, 2022.

F-12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

q.

Leases

The Company leases real estate and cars for use in its operations, which are classified as operating leases. In addition to rent, the leases
may require the Company to pay directly for fees, insurance, maintenance and other operating expenses.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use assets and
operating  lease  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.  Right  of  use  (“ROU”)  assets  represent  the  Company’s  right  to  use  an
underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.
Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over
the  lease  term.  The  Company  uses  its  incremental  borrowing  rate  based  on  the  information  available  at  the  commencement  date  to
determine the present value of the lease payments. Lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases with a term shorter than 12 months. This means that for
those  leases,  the  Company  does  not  recognize  ROU  assets  or  lease  liabilities  but  recognizes  lease  expenses  over  the  lease  term  on  a
straight line basis. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of its leases.

Lease terms will include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will either exercise or
not exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease.

The Company’s lease agreements have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 year to 4 years. Some of these agreements include options
to extend the leases for up to an additional 5 years and some include options to terminate the leases immediately. See also note 8e.

r.

New accounting pronouncements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 “Financial
Instruments—Credit Losses—Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This guidance replaces the current incurred loss
impairment  methodology  with  a  methodology  that  reflects  expected  credit  losses  and  requires  consideration  of  a  broader  range  of
reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The guidance became effective for the fiscal year beginning after
December 15, 2022, including interim periods within that year. The Company adopted the provisions of this update as of January 1, 2023,
with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

F-13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

Recently issued accounting pronouncements, not yet adopted

In  November  2023,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2023-07  “Segment  Reporting:  Improvements  to  Reportable  Segment  Disclosures.”  This
guidance expands public entities’ segment disclosures primarily by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly
provided  to  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  and  included  within  each  reported  measure  of  segment  profit  or  loss,  an  amount  and
description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. Public
entities  with  a  single  reportable  segment  are  required  to  provide  the  new  disclosures  and  all  the  disclosures  required  under  ASC  280
“Segment  Reporting”.  The  guidance  is  effective  for  fiscal  years  beginning  after  December  15,  2023,  and  interim  periods  within  fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments are required to be applied retrospectively to all
prior periods presented in an entity’s financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it
may have on its consolidated financial statements related disclosures.

In  December  2023,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2023-09  “Income  Taxes  (Topic  740):  Improvements  to  Income  Tax  Disclosures.”  This
guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09
address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to disclosure regarding rate reconciliation and
income taxes paid both in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2024 on a prospective basis, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently
evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures.

NOTE 2 - SHORT-TERM DEPOSITS:

Composition:

Dollar deposits

NOTE 3 - MARKETABLE SECURITIES:

a.

Composition:

December 31,

2023

2022

Annual
interest rate  

Amount

Annual
interest rate  

Amount

6.35-6.81%  $

95,279     

0.93-6.81%  $

111,513 

The Company’s marketable securities include investments in equity securities of DNA, Entera and the Transferred Warrants (as defined
herein; for further details regarding the Transferred Warrants, see note 4). As of December 31, 2022, marketable securities also included
held to maturity securities.

Short-term:
DNA (see b below)
Entera (see c below)
Held to maturity securities (see d below)

Long-term:
DNA (see b below)
Entera (see c below)
Transferred Warrants (see note 4)

F-14

December 31,

2023

2022

  $

  $

  $

  $

-    $
-     
-     
-    $

352 
85 
3,306 
3,743 

297    $
70     
1,440     
1,807    $

- 
- 
- 
- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
     
 
   
   
 
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
   
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 3 - MARKETABLE SECURITIES (continued):

b.

DNA

DNA’s ordinary shares are traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. The fair value of those securities is measured at the quoted prices of
the securities on the measurement date.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not sell any of DNA’s ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2023,
the Company owns approximately 1.4% of DNA’s outstanding ordinary shares.

The cost of the securities as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $595.

c.

Entera

Entera ordinary shares have been traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market since June 28, 2018. The Company measures the investment at
fair value from such date, since it has a readily determinable fair value (prior to such date the investment was accounted for as a cost
method investment (amounting to $1)).

d.

Held to maturity securities

The Company did not have any held to maturity securities as of December 31, 2023.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of held-to-maturity securities as of December 31, 2022, are as follows:

December 31, 2022

Amortized
cost

Gross
unrealized
gains (losses)    

Estimated
fair value

  $

  $

3,258    $
48     
3,306    $

(82)   $
-     
(82)   $

3,176     
48     
3,224     

Average
yield to
maturity
rate

1.07%

Short-term:
Commercial bonds
Accrued interest

NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE:

Scilex Transaction

On  September  21,  2023  (the  “Closing  Date”),  the  Company  entered  into  and  consummated  the  transactions  (collectively,  the  “Transaction”)
contemplated by the Scilex SPA with Scilex and Acquiom Agency Services LLC. Pursuant to the Scilex SPA, in exchange for the DIP Assumption
and for the ability to credit the amounts assumed under the DIP Assumption in exchange for certain equity securities of Scilex owned by Sorrento,
Scilex (i) issued to the Company (A) the Note, (B) a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,500,000 shares of common stock of Scilex, par
value $0.0001 per share (“Scilex Common Stock”), with an exercise price of $0.01 per share and containing certain restrictions on exercisability
(the “Closing Penny Warrant”), and (C) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,500,000 shares of Scilex Common Stock (the “Subsequent
Penny Warrants” and together with the Closing Penny Warrant, the “Penny Warrants”), each with an exercise price of $0.01 per share and each
with certain restrictions on exercisability, and (ii) caused certain outstanding warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Scilex
Common Stock with an exercise price of $11.50 per share to be transferred to the Company (the “Transferred Warrants” and together with the
Penny Warrants, the “Warrants”). In addition, on the Closing Date, Scilex reimbursed $1,910 of the Company’s Transaction expenses pursuant to
the Scilex SPA.

F-15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE (continued):

Pursuant to the terms of the Scilex SPA, Scilex agreed to certain restrictions on additional issuances of equity securities. In connection with the
Transaction, the Company and Sorrento mutually agreed to terminate the Sorrento SPA and to release all claims the Company and Sorrento may
have against one another, and Scilex completed the acquisition of the Purchased Securities.

The Note

The  principal  of  the  Note  issued  on  September  21,  2023  is  $101,875,  which  includes  accrued  and  unpaid  interest  of  $875  under  the
Senior DIP Loan Agreement and $1,000 of fees added to the principal amount of the Note. The Note matures on March 21, 2025 or upon
an uncured event of default, subject to certain mandatory prepayments, and bears interest at a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR (as
defined in the Note) plus 8.5% (subject to a Term SOFR floor of 4.0%), to be paid in-kind, by being capitalized and added to the principal
amount of the Note on a monthly basis. The Scilex SPA provides for principal payments of (i) $5,000 on December 21, 2023, (ii) $15,000
on  March  21,  2024,  and  (iii)  $20,000  on  each  of  June  21,  2024,  September  21,  2024,  and  December  21,  2024,  and  for  the  entire
remaining principal balance of the Note to be paid on March 21, 2025. If the Note is not repaid in full on or prior to March 21, 2024, an
exit fee equal to approximately $3,056 shall be payable upon repayment of the Note in full.

The  Note  constitutes  senior  secured  indebtedness  of  Scilex  and  is  guaranteed  by  all  existing  or  future  formed,  direct  and  indirect,
domestic  subsidiaries  of  Scilex  and  is  secured  by  a  first  priority  security  interest  in  and  liens  on  all  of  the  assets  of  Scilex,  subject  to
customary and mutually agreed permitted liens and except for certain specified exemptions.

Mandatory  prepayments  under  the  Note  are  required  following  the  earlier  of  (a)  April  1,  2024  and  (b)  the  date  upon  which  certain  of
Scilex’s outstanding indebtedness are repaid in full. Mandatory prepayments may be triggered by certain future equity and debt issuances
by  Scilex.  Voluntary  prepayments  may  be  made  at  Scilex’s  discretion;  provided  that,  if  made  prior  to  the  one-year  anniversary  of  the
Closing Date, Scilex will also be required to pay a 50% interest make-whole on the portion of the Note so prepaid.

The Note includes customary events of default, upon which the Note will bear interest at a default rate of Term SOFR plus 15.0%, which
shall be payable in-kind, by being capitalized and added to the principal amount of the Note on a monthly basis. If the Note is accelerated
upon  an  event  of  default,  Scilex  is  required  to  repay  the  principal  amount  of  the  Note  at  a  mandatory  default  rate  of  125%  of  such
principal amount (together with 100% of accrued and unpaid interest thereon and all other amounts due in respect of the Note).

Until the obligations under the Note are repaid in full, the Company has the right to designate one non-voting observer to attend meetings
of the board of directors and committees of Scilex and its subsidiaries.

Pursuant to the terms of the Scilex SPA, the Company received the first principal payment of $5,000 on December 21, 2023.

Closing Penny Warrant

The Closing Penny Warrant will be exercisable upon the earliest of (i) March 14, 2025, (ii) the date on which the Senior Secured Note
has been repaid in full and (iii) the Management Sale Trigger Date (as defined therein), if any, and will expire on the date that is the fifth
anniversary of the issuance date (i.e., September 21, 2028). For purposes of the Closing Penny Warrant (as well as the Subsequent Penny
Warrants), the Management Sale Trigger Date is generally the first date that either Dr. Henry Ji, Scilex’s Executive Chairperson, or Mr.
Jaisim  Shah,  Scilex’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  President  and  a  member  of  Scilex’s  Board  of  Directors,  engages  in  certain  sales  or
other  similar  transfers  of  shares  of  Common  Stock  or  other  of  the  Issuer’s  or  any  of  its  subsidiaries’  securities,  subject  to  certain
exceptions  in  connection  with  financings  or  similar  transactions.  The  exercise  price  of  the  Closing  Penny  Warrant  is  $0.01  per  share,
subject to adjustment.

F-16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE (continued):

Subsequent Penny Warrants

Scilex issued four Subsequent Penny Warrants to the Company, each for 2,125,000 shares of Scilex Common Stock, one of which shall
vest and become exercisable on the date that is the later of (i) each of March 19, 2024, June 17, 2024, September 15, 2024 or December
14, 2024 (the “Subsequent Penny Warrant Vesting Date”) and (ii) the earliest of (A) March 14, 2025, (B) the date on which the Senior
Secured  Note  has  been  repaid  in  full  and  (C)  the  Management  Sale  Trigger  Date  (as  defined  therein),  if  any.  Each  Subsequent  Penny
Warrant will expire on the date that is the fifth anniversary of the issuance date; provided that, if the Senior Secured Note is repaid in full
prior to the Subsequent Penny Warrant Vesting Date applicable to such Subsequent Penny Warrant, such Subsequent Penny Warrant will
expire on the date the Senior Secured Note is repaid in full. The Company may exercise the Penny Warrants by means of a “cashless
exercise.”

The Penny Warrants may not be exercised if the Company, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 9.9% of the
number of shares of Scilex Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise; provided, that the Company may
increase or decrease such limitation upon 61 days’ prior notice to Scilex.

Transferred Warrants

The Transferred Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, have an exercise price of $11.50 per share, are fully exercisable and
expire on November 10, 2027.

The Company accounted for the Transferred Warrants as derivatives measured at fair value.

The  Company  elected  the  fair  value  option  for  the  Note  and  the  Penny  Warrants  in  order  to  reduce  operational  complexity  of  bifurcating
embedded derivatives. Changes in fair value are recorded under financial income, net and include interest income on the Note.

The valuation was performed, as of December 31, 2023, based on several scenarios which some of them took into account a partial or full early
repayment of the Note. Each scenario took into consideration the present value of the Note’s cash flows (including the exit fee and the prepayment
premium) and the Warrants’ value. The total value of the Transaction (and of each of its components) was valued on a weighted average of the
different scenarios.

The discount rate of the Note was based on the B- rating Zero curve in addition to a risk premium which takes into account the credit risk of Scilex
and ranged between 51.92% to 52.84%.

The fair value of the Transferred Warrants was based on their closing price on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

The  fair  value  of  the  Penny  Warrants  was  calculated  based  on  the  closing  price  of  the  Scilex  stock  on  the  Nasdaq  Capital  Market,  taking  into
account several scenarios which assume a partial or full early repayment of the Note, when applicable.

On the Closing Date, the fair value of the Transaction was $101,875. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Transaction was $110,188,
split between the Note ($93,066, of which $57,713 is presented under short-term investments at fair value and $35,353 is presented under long-
term investments at fair value), the Closing Penny Warrant ($9,180), the Subsequent Penny Warrants ($6,502), both presented under long-term
investments  at  fair  value  and  the  Transferred  Warrants  ($1,440)  presented  under  long-term  marketable  securities.  This  resulted  in  a  gain  of
$15,638, attributed mainly to the change in fair value of the Note and the Warrants. The difference between the Note’s fair value and aggregate
unpaid principal balance (which includes interest payable on maturity) is $7,801.

F-17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 5 - OTHER NON-MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES:

On August 26, 2022, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Diasome Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Diasome”), a privately-held
company,  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  purchased  shares  of  Series  B  preferred  stock  of  Diasome  for  an  aggregate  purchase  price  of
approximately  $2,700.  Following  the  purchase,  the  Company  holds  less  than  5%  of  the  issued  and  outstanding  stock  of  Diasome.  The  stock
purchase agreement provides the Company with the option to purchase additional preferred shares of stock on a pro rata basis at similar terms to
the terms and conditions of the current round contingent upon Diasome achieving certain milestones.

The  Company’s  non-marketable  equity  securities  are  an  investment  in  a  company  without  a  readily  determinable  fair  value.  The  Company
accounts for this investment under the measurement alternative in ASC 321, whereby the equity investment is recorded at cost, less impairment.
The carrying amount is subsequently remeasured to its fair value in accordance with the provisions of ASC 820 when observable price changes
occur  as  of  the  date  the  transaction  occurred,  or  it  is  impaired.  Any  adjustments  to  the  carrying  amount  are  recorded  in  the  statements  of
comprehensive income (loss).

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  recorded  an  $824  increase  in  value  due  to  the  closing  in  June  2023  of  a  Series  C
preferred investment round in Diasome. The change was recorded using the transaction price of similar securities issued by Diasome, adjusted for
contractual rights and obligations of the securities held by the Company.

NOTE 6 - ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES:

Composition:

Accounts payable
Payroll and related accruals
Institutions
Accrued liabilities

NOTE 7 - SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS:

December 31,

2023

2022

551    $
453     
-     
605     
1,609    $

2,175 
529 
11 
1,443 
4,158 

  $

  $

On August 8, 2023, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $99,550 pursuant to loan agreements from Israel Discount Bank Ltd. (the “Short-
Term  Borrowings”).  The  Short-Term  Borrowings  mature  on  dates  ranging  from  August  11,  2023  to  May  24,  2024,  bear  interest  ranging  from
6.66% to 7.38%, and are secured by certificates of deposits issued by Israel Discount Bank Ltd. having an aggregate face amount of $99,550. The
net proceeds of the Short-Term Borrowings were used to fund the Transaction (for further details, see note 4). The Short-Term Borrowings are
paid in one payment of principal and interest at each respective maturity. As of December 31, 2023, $50,000 was repaid under the Short-Term
Borrowings.

The aggregate remaining annual principal payments on debt until maturity are as follows:

2024
Total

NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS:

Annual
Principal
Payments

  $

49,550 
49,550 

a.

In March 2011, the Subsidiary sold shares of its investee company, Entera, to DNA, retaining 117,000 ordinary shares (after giving effect
to  a  stock  split  by  Entera  in  July  2018).  In  consideration  for  the  shares  sold  to  DNA,  the  Company  received,  among  other  payments,
ordinary shares of DNA (see also note 3).

As part of this agreement, the Subsidiary entered into a patent transfer agreement (the “Patent Transfer Agreement”), according to which
the Subsidiary assigned to Entera all of its rights to a patent application related to the oral administration of proteins that it has licensed to
Entera since August 2010, in return for royalties of 3% of Entera’s net revenues and a license back of that patent application for use in
respect of diabetes and influenza. As of December 31, 2023, Entera had not paid any royalties to the Subsidiary. On December 11, 2018,
Entera announced that it had entered into a research collaboration and license agreement with Amgen, Inc. (“Amgen”). To the extent that
the license granted to Amgen results in net revenues as defined in the Patent Transfer Agreement, the Subsidiary will be entitled to the
aforementioned royalties. As part of a consulting agreement with a third party dated February 15, 2011, the Subsidiary is obliged to pay
this third party royalties of 8% of the net royalties received in respect of the patent that was sold to Entera in March 2011.

F-18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS (continued):

b.

According to the HTIT License Agreement, the Company granted HTIT an exclusive commercialization license in the territory of the
People’s Republic of China, Macau and Hong Kong (the “Territory”), related to the Company’s oral insulin capsule, ORMD-0801 (the
“Product”).  Pursuant  to  the  HTIT  License  Agreement,  HTIT  will  conduct,  at  its  own  expense,  certain  pre-commercialization  and
regulatory activities with respect to the Subsidiary’s technology and ORMD-0801 capsule, and will pay to the Subsidiary (i) royalties of
10%  on  net  sales  of  the  related  commercialized  products  to  be  sold  by  HTIT  in  the  Territory  (“Royalties”),  and  (ii)  an  aggregate  of
$37,500, of which $3,000 was payable immediately, $8,000 will be paid subject to the Company entering into certain agreements with
certain third parties, and $26,500 will be paid upon achievement of certain milestones and conditions. In the event that the Company does
not meet certain conditions, the Royalties rate may be reduced to a minimum of 8%. Following the final expiration of the Company’s
patents covering the technology in the Territory in 2033, the Royalties rate may be reduced, under certain circumstances, to 5%.

The  royalty  payment  obligation  shall  apply  during  the  period  of  time  beginning  upon  the  first  commercial  sale  of  the  Product  in  the
Territory, and ending upon the later of (i) the expiration of the last-to-expire licensed patents in the Territory; and (ii) 15 years after the
first commercial sale of the Product in the Territory.

The HTIT License Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration of the royalty term. The License Agreement contains customary
termination provisions.

Among  others,  the  Company’s  involvement  through  the  product  submission  date  includes  consultancy  for  the  pre-commercialization
activities in the Territory, as well as advisory services to HTIT on an ongoing basis.

As  of  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  has  received  milestone  payments  in  an  aggregate  amount  of  $20,500  as  follows:  the  initial
payment of $3,000 was received in January 2016. Following the achievement of certain milestones, the second and third payments of
$6,500 and $4,000, respectively, were received in July 2016, the fourth milestone payment of $4,000 was received in October 2016 and
the fifth milestone payment of $3,000 was received in January 2019.

On August 21, 2020, the Company received a letter from HTIT, disputing certain pending payment obligations of HTIT under the TLA.
The payment obligation being disputed is $6,000, out of which only an amount of $2,000 has been received and has been included in
deferred  revenue  in  each  of  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  as  of  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  and  December  31,  2022.  The
Company wholly disputed the claims made by HTIT and is planning to resolve any such claims as part of the Company’s discussions
with HTIT.

For the Company’s revenue recognition policy, see note 1m. 

On  January  22,  2024,  the  Company  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Oramed  Ltd.,  entered  into  a  Joint  Venture  Agreement  (the  “JV
Agreement”),  with  Hefei  Tianhui  Biotech  Co.,  Ltd.  (“HTIT  Biotech”),  and  Technowl  Limited,  a  wholly-owned  indirect  subsidiary  of
HTIT Biotech (“HTIT Sub,” and together with HTIT Biotech, “HTIT”), pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth
in the JV Agreement, the parties will establish a joint venture (the “JV”), based on the Company’s oral drug delivery technology. For
further details, see note 14.

F-19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS (continued):

c.

On November 13, 2022, the Company entered the Medicox License Agreement with Medicox.

The Medicox License Agreement grants Medicox an exclusive license to apply for regulatory approval and distribute ORMD-0801 in the
Republic of Korea. The Medicox License Agreement is for ten years, but the parties have the right to terminate it with a 180 days-notice.

Medicox  will  comply  with  agreed  distribution  targets  and  will  purchase  ORMD-0801  at  an  agreed  upon  transfer  price  per  capsule.  In
addition, Medicox will pay the Company up to $15,000 in developmental milestones, $2,000 of which were received by the Company in
2022, and up to 15% royalties on gross sales. Medicox will also be responsible for obtaining a regulatory approval in the Republic of
Korea.

For the Company’s revenue recognition policy, see note 1m. 

d.

Grants from the Israel Innovation Authority (“IIA”)

Under the terms of the Company’s funding from the IIA, royalties of 3% are payable on sales of products developed from a project so
funded, up to a maximum amount equaling 100%-150% of the grants received (dollar linked) with the addition of interest at an annual
rate based on SOFR.

At the time the grants were received, successful development of the related projects was not assured. The total amount that was received
through December 31, 2023 was $2,208 ($2,559 including interest). All grants were received before the year ended August 31, 2020 and
recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses at that time.

As of December 31, 2023, the liability to the IIA was $59.
The royalty expenses which are related to the funded project were recognized in cost of revenues in the relevant periods.

e.

Leases

On August 2, 2020, the Subsidiary entered into a lease agreement for its facilities in Israel. The lease agreement is for a period of 60
months  commencing  September  1,  2020.  The  Subsidiary  has  the  option  to  extend  the  period  for  another  60  months.  The  annual  lease
payment, including management fees, as of December 31, 2023 is approximately NIS 435 ($120). As security for its obligation under this
lease agreement, the Company provided a bank guarantee in an amount equal to three monthly lease payments. For accounting purposes,
the lease period is 60 months.

On  December  2,  2021,  the  Subsidiary  entered  into  an  addendum  (the  “Addendum”)  to  the  current  lease  agreement  for  its  facilities  in
Israel. The Addendum refers to the lease of an additional space of 264 square meters for a period of 60 months commencing February 1,
2022. The Subsidiary has the option to extend the period for another 60 months. The annual lease payment, including management fees,
is  approximately  NIS  435  ($120).  As  security  for  its  obligation  under  the  Addendum,  the  Company  provided  a  bank  guarantee  in  an
amount equal to three monthly lease payments. For accounting purposes, the lease commenced on February 1, 2022 as the Subsidiary did
not have access to the space until that date. For accounting purposes, the lease period is 60 months.

The total expenses related to leases were $236 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and $264 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

F-20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS (continued):

The right-of-use asset and lease liability are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest
rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information
available at the date of determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is estimated to
approximate the interest rate on similar terms and payments and in economic environments where the leased asset is located.
The Company has various operating leases for office space and vehicles that expire through 2027. Below is a summary of the Company’s
operating right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Operating right-of-use assets

Operating lease liabilities, current
Operating lease liabilities long-term
Total operating lease liabilities

Weighted Average of Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases

December 31,
2023

December 31,
2022

  $

694 

  $

267 
342 
609 

  $

  $

987 

247 
647 
894 

2.5 

3.41 

3.15%   

3.15%

Operating cash flows from operating lease for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $267 and $214, respectively.

Lease payments for the Company’s right-of-use assets over the remaining lease periods as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

2024
2025
2026
2027
Total undiscounted lease payments
Less: Interest*
Present value of lease liabilities

*

Future lease payments were discounted by 3%-5.75% interest rate.

f.

Legal expenses

December 31,
2023

  $

  $

282 
222 
120 
10 
634 
(25)
609 

Following the Company’s 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, a complaint was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware
against the Company and the members of the Board of Directors. On April 27, 2022, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware
approved the terms of a settlement between the Company and the plaintiff in the complaint, awarding the plaintiff an amount of $850 in
attorneys’ fees, which was paid on April 28, 2022 and included in general and administrative expenses in the first quarter of 2022. All
other  details  of  the  settlement  were  previously  agreed  by  the  parties  and  acted  upon  at  the  Company’s  2021  annual  meeting  of
stockholders.

F-21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
   
  
   
   
   
   
 
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
   
 
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS (continued):

g.

Investment in Diasome Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

On August 26, 2022, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Diasome Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Diasome”) pursuant to
which the Company purchased shares of Series B preferred stock of Diasome for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2,700.
Following the purchase, the Company holds less than 5% of the issued and outstanding stock of Diasome on a diluted basis. The stock
purchase agreement provides the Company with the option to purchase additional preferred shares of stock on a pro rata basis at similar
terms to the terms and conditions of the current round contingent upon Diasome achieving certain milestones.

The Company accounts for the investment under the measurement alternative in ASC 321, whereby the equity investment is recorded at
cost, less impairment. The carrying amount will be subsequently remeasured to its fair value in accordance with the provisions of ASC
820  when  observable  price  changes  occur  as  of  the  date  the  transaction  occurred,  or  it  is  impaired.  Any  adjustments  to  the  carrying
amount are recorded in net income.

NOTE 9 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

The following are the significant capital stock transactions that took place during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

a.

b.

On  July  15,  2021,  the  Company  entered  into  a  new  equity  distribution  agreement  (the  “New  Equity  Distribution  Agreement”)  with
Canaccord Genuity, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of
up to $100,000 from time to time through Canaccord Genuity. The New Equity Distribution Agreement replaced the Equity Distribution
Agreement, once it had been exhausted. Any shares sold will be sold pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on
Form  S-3  including  a  prospectus  dated  July  15,  2021.  The  Company  paid  the  sales  agent  a  cash  commission  of  3.0%  of  the  gross
proceeds of the sale of any shares sold through the sales agent under the New Equity Distribution Agreement. As of December 31, 2022,
273,997 shares were respectively issued under the New Equity Distribution Agreement for aggregate net proceeds of $5,129.

On September 1, 2021, the Company entered into a controlled equity offering agreement (the “Cantor Equity Distribution Agreement”)
with  Cantor  Fitzgerald  &  Co.,  as  agent,  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  may  issue  and  sell  shares  of  its  common  stock  having  an
aggregate offering price of up to $100,000, through a sales agent, subject to certain terms and conditions. Any shares sold will be sold
pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 including a prospectus dated July 26, 2021 and prospectus
supplement dated September 1, 2021. The Company paid the sales agent a cash commission of 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of
any shares sold through the sales agent under the Cantor Equity Distribution Agreement. As of December 31, 2023 and through March 6,
2024, 1,971,447 shares were issued under the Cantor Equity Distribution Agreement for aggregate net proceeds of $26,253.

F-22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 9 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued):

c.

d.

On November 3, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with several institutional and accredited investors (the
“Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell, in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”), an aggregate of 2,000,000
shares of the Company’s common stock to the Purchasers for an offering price of $25 per share. The closing of the sale of the shares
occurred  on  November  5,  2021.  The  net  proceeds  to  the  Company  from  the  Offering,  after  deducting  the  placement  agent’s  fees  and
expenses and the Company’s Offering expenses, were approximately $46,375.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding warrants exercisable starting February 25, 2020 for 20,000 shares of common
stock at an exercise price of $4.13 per share and expiring on April 15, 2029.

The following table presents the warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Warrants outstanding at beginning of year
Issued
Exercised
Expired
Warrants outstanding at end of year

Warrants exercisable at end of year

NOTE 10 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:

Year ended December 31,

2023

2022

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

    Warrants

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

  Warrants

150,705    $
-    $
-    $
130,705    $
20,000    $
20,000    $

4.71     
-     
-     
4.80     
4.13     
4.13     

158,375    $
-    $
4,200    $
3,470    $
150,705    $
150,705    $

4.78 
- 
4.80 
7.81 
4.71 
4.71 

The Company makes awards only under the 2019 Plan, under which, the Company had reserved a pool of 7,500,000 shares of the Company’s
common stock which may be issued at the discretion of the Board of Directors from time to time. Under this 2019 Plan, each option or RSU is
exercisable into one share of common stock of the Company. The options may be exercised after vesting and in accordance with vesting schedules
which will be determined by the Board of Directors for each grant. The maximum term of the options and RSUs is 10 years.

The following are the significant stock options and RSUs transactions with employees, board members and non-employees made during the years
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

a.

b.

On January 3, 2022, the Company granted an aggregate of 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to its President and Chief
Executive Officer. The total fair value of these shares on the date of grant was $2,084, using the quoted closing market share price of
$13.89 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant.

On  January  3,  2022,  the  Company  granted  an  aggregate  of  207,500  RSUs  representing  a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s
common  stock  to  the  Company’s  employees  and  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  as  follows:  63,000  to  the  President  and  Chief
Executive  Officer;  42,000  to  the  Chief  Scientific  Officer;  21,000  to  the  Chief  Operating  and  Business  Officer,  19,000  to  the  Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer, 19,000 to the Chief Commercial Officer, 18,000 to the Chief Legal Officer and Secretary (effective as of
the time his employment with the Company commenced on January 9, 2022), an aggregate of 24,000 to four board members and 1,500 to
an employee. The RSUs vest in four equal annual installments on each of January 1, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. The total fair value of
these RSUs on the date of grant was $2,849, using the quoted closing market share price of $13.89 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the
date of grant and $12.03 for the Chief Legal Officer’s grant (equivalent to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on January
10, 2022, which represents the first trading date after his employment with the Company commenced).

F-23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 10 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

On January 3, 2022, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 321,500 shares of the Company’s common stock to the
Company’s  employees  and  board  members  at  an  exercise  price  of  $13.89  per  share  (equivalent  to  the  closing  price  of  the  Company’s
common  stock  on  the  date  of  grant)  as  follows:  107,000  to  the  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer;  72,000  to  the  Chief  Scientific
Officer; 36,000 to the Chief Operating and Business Officer, 32,000 to the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and 32,000 to the Chief
Commercial  Officer,  an  aggregate  of  40,000  to  four  board  members  and  2,500  to  an  employee.  The  options  vest  in  four  equal  annual
installments  on  each  of  January  1,  2023,  2024,  2025  and  2026.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  82,875  of  such  options  are  vested.  These
options expire on January 3, 2032. The total fair value of these options on the date of grant was $2,630, using the Black Scholes option-
pricing model and was based on the following assumptions: stock price of $13.89; dividend yield of 0% for all years; expected volatility
of 63.05%; risk-free interest rates of 1.46%; and expected term of 6.25 years.

On January 3, 2022, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 30,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the
Company’s  Chief  Legal  Officer  and  Secretary  (effective  as  of  the  time  his  employment  with  the  Company  commenced  on  January  9,
2022), at an exercise price of $12.03 per share (equivalent to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on January 10, 2022,
which  represents  the  first  trading  date  after  his  employment  with  the  Company  commenced).  The  options  vest  in  four  equal  annual
installments on each of January 1, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. As of December 31, 2022, none of such options are vested. These options
expire on January 3, 2032. The total fair value of these options on the date of grant was $214, using the Black Scholes option-pricing
model  and  was  based  on  the  following  assumptions:  stock  price  of  $12.03;  dividend  yield  of  0%  for  all  years;  expected  volatility  of
63.22%; risk-free interest rates of 1.60%; and expected term of 6.25 years.

On May 2, 2022, the Company granted 4,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock to Mr. Yadin
Rozov, a former member of the Company’s board of directors. The RSUs shall vest in four equal annual installments on each of May 2,
2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $23, using the quoted closing market share price
of $5.14 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the last trading day before the date of grant.

On May 2, 2022, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 7,500 shares of the Company’s common stock to Mr. Yadin
Rozov, a former member of the Company’s board of directors, at an exercise price of $5.14 per share (equivalent to the closing price of
the Company’s common stock on the last trading day before the date of grant). The options shall vest in four equal annual installments on
each of May 2, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. As of December 31, 2022, none of such options are vested. These options expire on May 2,
2032. The total fair value of these options on the date of grant was $24, using the Black Scholes option-pricing model and was based on
the following assumptions: stock price of $5.14; dividend yield of 0% for all years; expected volatility of 65.26%; risk-free interest rates
of 3.03% and expected term of 6.26 years.

On July 28, 2022, the Company granted an aggregate of 404,100 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common
stock to the Company’s executive officers, employees and board members. The RSUs granted to certain employees, executive officers
and board members shall vest in three equal annual installments on each of January 1, 2024, 2025 and 2026 and the RSUs granted to
certain employees will vest in three equal annual installments on each of January 1, 2023, 2024 and 2025. The total fair value of these
RSUs on the date of grant was $3,423, using the quoted closing market share price of $8.47 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of
grant.

F-24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 10 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):

h.

i.

j.

k.

l.

m.

n.

On July 28, 2022, the Company granted 34,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to each of the Company’s President and Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer. These shares vested in full on August 1, 2022. The total fair value of these shares on the
date of grant was $576, using the quoted closing market share price of $8.47 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant.

On  July  28,  2022,  the  Company  granted  an  aggregate  of  175,500  performance  based  RSUs  (“PSUs”)  representing  a  right  to  receive
shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  to  the  Company’s  executive  officers.  The  PSUs  were  to  vest  in  two  installments  upon
achievement of the following milestones: (i) two thirds were to vest upon receipt of positive topline data in the first oral insulin Phase 3
clinical trial; and (ii) one third was to vest upon completion of enrollment of the second oral insulin Phase 3 clinical trial by June 30,
2023. Following the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial and the termination of the ORA-D-013-2 Phase 3 trial, these performance
goals have not been met and the PSUs did not vest. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $1,486, using the quoted
closing market share price of $8.47 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant.

On September 18, 2022, Oravax granted options to purchase an aggregate of 328,318 shares of Oravax’s common stock to employees and
board  members  of  Oravax  and  to  other  service  providers  at  an  exercise  price  of  $3.91  per  share.  The  options  will  vest  in  four  annual
installments as follows: the first installment vested immediately on the grant date and the remaining three installments shall vest on each
of December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024. These options expire on September 18, 2032. The total fair value of these options on the date of
grant  was  $665,  using  the  Black  Scholes  option  pricing  model  and  was  based  on  the  following  assumptions:  stock  price  of  $3.91;
dividend yield of 0% for all years; expected volatility of 52.87%; risk-free interest rates of 3.62%; and expected term of 5.49 years.

On April 17, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 868,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common
stock to executive officers and board members of the Company. The RSUs will vest in twelve equal quarterly installments starting May 1,
2023. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $1,980, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.28 on the
Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant.

On  April  17,  2023,  the  Company  granted  an  aggregate  of  245,500  performance  based  RSUs  (“PSUs”)  representing  a  right  to  receive
shares of the Company’s common stock to executive officers of the Company. The PSUs vested on May 26, 2023, upon the Company’s
common stock achieving and maintaining a specified price per share. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $550,
using the Monte-Carlo model.

On May 1, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 20,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s common
stock to a new board member. The RSUs will vest in twelve quarterly installments starting May 1, 2023. The total fair value of these
RSUs on the date of grant was $49, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.45 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of
grant.

During 2023, 132,000 stock options and 110,917 unvested RSUs were forfeited, due to termination of the employment of an executive
officer, resulting in a reversal of $663 in sales and marketing expenses.

F-25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 10 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):

o.

Options to employees, directors and non-employees

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model or Monte Carlo model
with the following range of assumptions:

Expected option life (years)
Expected stock price volatility (%)
Risk free interest rate (%)
Expected dividend yield (%)

For options granted
in the year ended
December 31,

2023

      -     
-     
-     
-     

2022
6.25-6.26 
 63.05-65.26 
1.46-3.03 
0.0 

A summary of the status of the stock options granted to employees and directors as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and changes during
the year ended on those dates, is presented below:

Options outstanding at beginning of year
Changes during the year:

Granted
Forfeited
Expired
Exercised

Options outstanding at end of year

Options exercisable at end of year

Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year

  $

Year ended December 31,

2023

2022

Number
of
options

Weighted
average
exercise
price
$

Number
of
options

Weighted
average
exercise
price
$

2,041,676     

8.47     

1,942,117     

-     
(132,000)    
-     
-     
1,909,676     
1,479,426     
-     

-     
14.81     
-     
-     
8.03     
7.15     
     $

359,000     
(48,334)    
(144,000)    
(67,107)    
2,041,676     
1,261,426     
7.99     

7.14 

13.55 
10.59 
4.08 
5.03 
8.47 
6.86 

Expenses recognized in respect of stock options granted to employees and directors, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022,
were $811 and $2,662, respectively.

No options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2023. The total intrinsic value of employees’ options exercised during the
year ended December 31, 2022 was $243.

F-26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
     
   
 
   
   
      
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 10 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):

The  following  table  presents  summary  information  concerning  the  options  granted  to  employees  and  directors  outstanding  as  of
December 31, 2023:

Exercise
prices
$
1-6
6.23-9.12
10.40-20.19

Number outstanding

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
Years

Weighted
average
exercise
price
$

857,250     
283,008     
769,418     
1,909,676     

5.85     
3.80     
6.52     
5.82     

3.94 
7.96 
12.62 
8.03 

1,479,426 options granted to employees and directors were outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2023, compared to 1,261,426
as of December 31, 2022.

As  of  December  31,  2023,  there  were  $707  of  unrecognized  compensation  costs  related  to  non-vested  options  previously  granted  to
employees  and  directors.  The  unrecognized  compensation  costs  are  expected  to  be  recognized  over  a  weighted  average  period  of  0.8
years.

A summary of the status of the stock options granted to non-employees outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and changes
during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, is presented below:

Options outstanding at beginning of year
Changes during the year:

Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Expired

Options outstanding at end of year

Options exercisable at end of year

Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year

  $

Year ended 
December 31,

Number
of
options

2023

2022

Weighted
average
exercise
price
$

Number
of
options

Weighted
average
exercise
price
$

47,000     

4.31     

51,500     

-     
-     
-     
-     
47,000     
47,000     
-     

-     
-     
-     
-     
4.31     
4.31     
     $

-     
(4,500)    
-     
-     
47,000     
47,000     
-     

4.26 

- 
3.74 
- 
- 
4.31 
4.31 

The Company recorded no stock-based compensation related to non-employees’ awards during the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, no options were exercised. During the year ended December 31, 2022, 4,500 options were
exercised by non-employees for a total intrinsic value of $24.

F-27

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
 
   
   
 
     
     
     
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
     
   
 
   
   
      
      
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 10 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):

The  following  table  presents  summary  information  concerning  the  options  granted  to  non-employees  outstanding  as  of  December  31,
2023:

Range of
exercise
prices $
3.74-5.08

Number outstanding

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life Years

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price $

47,000     

5.98     

4.31 

47,000 options granted to non-employees were outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2023.

As  of  December  31,  2023,  there  were  no  unrecognized  compensation  costs  related  to  non-vested  options  previously  granted  to  non-
employees.

p.

Restricted stock units

The following table summarizes the activities for unvested RSUs granted to employees and directors for the years ended December 31,
2023 and 2022:

Outstanding at the beginning of period
Granted
Issued
Forfeited
Outstanding at the end of the period

Vested during the period

Vested and unissued at period end

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

Number of RSUs

1,561,570     
1,134,000     
(574,791)    
(286,417)    
1,834,362     
521,625     
212,136     

801,303 
1,009,600 
(217,333)
(32,000)
1,561,570 

218,000 

265,302 

The Company recorded compensation expenses related to RSUs of $3,210 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $8,365 for the year
ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, there were unrecognized compensation costs of $2,693 related to RSUs. The unrecognized compensation costs
are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1 year.

F-28

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 10 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):

The following table summarizes the activities for unvested RSUs granted to non-employees for the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022:

Outstanding at the beginning of period
Granted
Issued
Forfeited
Outstanding at the end of the period

Vested during the period

Vested and unissued at period end

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

Number of RSUs

4,000     
-     
(4,000)    
-     
-     
4,000     
-     

8,000 
- 
(4,000)
- 
4,000 
4,000 
- 

The  Company  recorded  compensation  expenses  related  to  RSUs  of  $26  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  compared  to  $92
compensation expenses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, there were no unrecognized compensation costs related to RSUs.

NOTE 11 - FINANCIAL INCOME AND EXPENSES:

a.

Financial income

Income from interest on the Senior DIP Loan Agreement and deposits
Exchange rate differences, net
Income from interest on corporate bonds
Revaluation of securities, net
Other

b.

Financial expenses

Exchange rate differences, net
Bank and broker commissions
Loss from securities, net
Revaluation of securities, net
Fees regarding Scilex transaction
Interest expenses

F-29

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

8,016    $
-     
10     
16,461     
143     
24,630    $

3,473 
176 
100 
- 
5 
3,754 

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

124    $
29     
-     
69     
1,514     
2,037     
3,773    $

- 
14 
43 
763 
- 
- 
820 

  $

  $

  $

  $

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12 - TAXES ON INCOME:

Taxes  on  income  included  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  represent  current  taxes  due  to  taxable  income  of  the  Company  and  its
Israeli subsidiary.

a.

Corporate taxation in the U.S.

The applicable corporate tax rate for the Company is 21%.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company and Oravax Medical Inc. had an accumulated tax loss carryforward of approximately $28,000
(as of December 31, 2022, $24,000). Under U.S. tax laws, subject to certain limitations, carryforward tax losses originating in tax years
beginning after January 1, 2018, have no expiration date, but they are limited to 80% of the company’s taxable income in any given tax
year. Carryforward tax losses originating in tax years beginning prior to January 1, 2018, expire 20 years after the year in which incurred.
In the case of the Company, subject to potential limitations in accordance with the relevant law, the net loss carryforward will expire in
the years 2026 through 2037. 

b.

Corporate taxation in Israel

The Subsidiary is taxed in accordance with Israeli tax laws. The corporate tax rate applicable to 2023 and 2022 is 23%.

As of December 31, 2023, the Subsidiary and Oravax Medical Ltd. had an accumulated tax loss carryforward of approximately $102,000
(as of December 31, 2022, approximately $87,000). Under the Israeli tax laws, carryforward tax losses have no expiration date.

c.

Deferred income taxes

In respect of:
Net operating loss carryforward
Research and development expenses
Revaluation of investments
Other temporary differences
Less - valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets

December 31,

2023

2022 

  $

  $

27,757    $
2,731     
(2,611)    
596     
(28,473)    
-    $

27,610 
5,195 
- 
- 
(32,805)
- 

Deferred taxes are determined based on temporary differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are
measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Realization  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  dependent  upon  sufficient  future  taxable  income  during  the  period  that  deductible  temporary
differences  and  carryforwards  are  expected  to  be  available  to  reduce  taxable  income.  As  the  achievement  of  required  future  taxable
income is uncertain, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance.

F-30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
     
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12 - TAXES ON INCOME (continued):

d.

Income (Loss) before taxes on income and income taxes included in the income statements of operations

Income (loss) before taxes on income:

U.S.
Outside U.S.

Taxes on income (tax benefit):

Current:
U.S.
Outside U.S.

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

11,604    $
(6,516)    
5,088    $

(11,164)
(26,500)
(37,664)

-     
-     
-    $

- 
(100)
(100)

  $

  $

  $

e.

Reconciliation of the statutory tax benefit to effective tax expense

Following is a reconciliation of the theoretical tax expense, assuming all income is taxed at the regular tax rates applicable to companies
in the United States, and the actual tax expense:

Income (loss) before income taxes as reported in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss

Statutory tax (benefit) expense – 21%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:

Change in the balance of the valuation allowance for deferred tax
Disallowable deductions
Influence of different tax rate applicable to the Subsidiary and Oravax Medical Ltd.
Prior year true-up
Withholding tax, see note 12d above
Uncertain tax position

Taxes on income for the reported year

F-31

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

  $

5,088    $

(37,664)

1,068     

(7,909)

(4,332)    
731     
(305)    
2,838     
-     
-     
-    $

7,290 
1,152 
(533)
- 
100 
- 
100 

  $

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
    
  
   
 
   
      
  
   
      
  
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
      
  
   
   
      
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12 - TAXES ON INCOME (continued):

f.

Uncertainty in Income Taxes

ASC 740, “Income Taxes” requires significant judgment in determining what constitutes an individual tax position as well as assessing
the  outcome  of  each  tax  position.  Changes  in  judgment  as  to  recognition  or  measurement  of  tax  positions  can  materially  affect  the
estimate of the effective tax rate and consequently, affect the operating results of the Company. The Company recognizes interest and
penalties related to its tax contingencies as income tax expense.

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company unrecognized tax benefits:

Balance at Beginning of Year
Decrease in uncertain tax positions for the current year
Balance at End of Year

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

  $

  $

11    $
-     
11    $

11 
- 
11 

The Company does not expect unrecognized tax expenses to change significantly over the next 12 months.

The Company is subject to U.S. Federal income tax examinations for the tax years of 2020 through 2022.

The Subsidiary is subject to Israeli income tax examinations for the tax years of 2017 through 2022.

g.

Valuation Allowance Rollforward

Allowance in respect of carryforward tax losses:

Year ended December 31, 2023
Year ended December 31, 2022

F-32

Period ended

Balance at
beginning
of period

    Additions

Balance at
end of
period

  $

32,805    $
26,659     

(4,332)   $
6,146     

28,473 
32,805 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
     
     
 
   
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 13 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:

a.

On July 1, 2008, the Subsidiary entered into two consulting agreements with KNRY Ltd. (“KNRY”), an Israeli company owned by the
Chief  Scientific  Officer,  whereby  the  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  the  Chief  Scientific  Officer,  through  KNRY,  provide
services to the Company (the “Consulting Agreements”). The Consulting Agreements are both terminable by either party upon 140 days,
prior written notice. The Consulting Agreements, as amended, provide that KNRY will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in
connection  with  performance  of  the  Consulting  Agreements  and  that  the  monthly  consulting  fee  paid  to  the  President  and  Chief
Executive Officer and the Chief Scientific Officer is NIS 146,705 ($40) and 106,400 ($29), respectively.

In addition to the Consulting Agreements, based on a relocation cost analysis, the Company paid for certain direct costs, related taxes and
expenses  incurred  in  connection  with  the  relocation  of  the  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  to  New  York.  During  the  ten  month
period ended October 31, 2022, such relocation expenses totaled $331.

Following the relocation of the President and Chief Executive Officer to the State of Israel, the Company entered into two agreements
with the President and Chief Executive Officer, replacing his above-mentioned consulting agreement through KNRY, substantially on the
same terms, in order to allocate his time and services between the Company and the Subsidiary.

Effective November 1, 2022, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Shnida Ltd. (“Shnida”), whereby the President and
Chief Executive Officer, through Shnida, provides services as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The agreement is
terminable  by  either  party  upon  140  days  prior  written  notice.  The  agreement  provides  that  Shnida  will  be  reimbursed  for  reasonable
expenses incurred in connection with performance of the agreement. Effective as of January 1, 2024, the President and Chief Executive
Officer receives a monthly consulting fee of NIS 96,825 ($27), plus value added tax. Pursuant to the agreement, Shnida and the President
and Chief Executive Officer each agree that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will
compete with the Company nor solicit employees of the Company.

In  addition,  the  Company,  through  the  Subsidiary,  has  entered  into  an  employment  agreement  with  the  President  and  Chief  Executive
Officer, effective as of November 1, 2022, pursuant to which, effective as of January 1, 2024, the President and Chief Executive Officer
receives  gross  monthly  salary  of  NIS  51,591  ($14)  in  consideration  for  his  services  as  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  the
Subsidiary. In addition, the President and Chief Executive Officer is provided with a phone and a company car pursuant to the terms of
his agreement.

b.

Balances with related parties:

Accounts payable and accrued expenses - Shnida
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - KNRY

c.

Expenses to related parties:

KNRY
Shnida
Nadav Kidron (President and Chief Executive Officer)

F-33

December 31,

2023

2022

160    $
165    $

      - 
1 

Year ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

486    $
445     
296    $

800 
146 
674 

  $
  $

  $

  $

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 14 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:

1. On January 4, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 150,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s
common  stock  to  the  Company’s  board  members.  The  RSUs  granted  to  the  board  members  will  vest  in  three  equal  annual
installments on each of January 1, 2025, 2026 and 2027. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $359, using the
quoted closing market share price of $2.39 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant.

2. On  January  4,  2024,  the  Company  granted  an  aggregate  of  37,610  RSUs  representing  a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s
common  stock  to  the  Company’s  board  members.  The  RSUs  granted  to  certain  board  members  will  vest  in  four  quarterly
installments on each of April 1, 2024, July 1, 2024, October 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The total fair value of these RSUs on the
date of grant was $90, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.39 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant.

3. On January 4, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 950,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s
common stock to the Company’s executive officers and one employee. The RSUs granted to executive officers and one employee
will vest in twelve equal quarterly installments starting January 8, 2024. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was
$2,272, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.39 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant.

4. On January 4, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 294,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Company’s
common  stock  to  executive  officers  of  the  Company.  The  PSUs  shall  vest  upon  the  Company’s  common  stock  achieving  and
maintaining  a  specified  price  per  share.  The  total  fair  value  of  these  PSUs  on  the  date  of  grant  was  $691,  using  the  Monte-Carlo
model.

5. On  January  22,  2024,  the  Company  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Oramed  Ltd.,  entered  into  the  JV  Agreement,  with  HTIT
Biotech  and  HTIT  Sub,  pursuant  to  which,  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  set  forth  in  the  JV  Agreement,  the  parties  will
establish a JV, based on the Company’s oral drug delivery technology.

The JV will focus on the development and worldwide commercialization of innovative products based on the Company’s oral insulin
and POD™ (Protein Oral Delivery) pipeline and HTIT’s manufacturing capabilities and technologies. The parties intend for the JV
to use the protocol the Company is currently working on to initiate a Phase 3 oral insulin trial in the United States.

The Company and HTIT will initially hold equal shares in the JV, with each owning 50% of the equity. The Board of Directors will
initially  consist  of  equal  representation  from  HTIT  and  the  Company.  HTIT  will  contribute  to  the  JV  $70,000  in  cash,  while  the
Company will contribute $20,000 (comprised of $10,000 in cash and $10,000 in shares of the Company’s common stock that will be
subject to certain registration rights) and will transfer intellectual property related to its oral insulin and POD™ technology, as well
as other assets in the Company’s pipeline. HTIT will have an option to invest additional funds into the JV up to an aggregate amount
of $20,000, thereby increasing its equity holdings and board representation. The Company will be entitled to receive a 3% royalty on
gross revenues of the JV generated from Company-related assets.

The consummation of the JV Agreement is subject to and contingent upon the parties entering into additional agreements within a
three-month  period,  including  an  asset  transfer  agreement  for  the  transfer  of  the  Company’s  intellectual  property  to  the  JV,  a
commercial  supply  agreement  for  the  manufacture  and  supply  of  products  by  HTIT  to  the  JV,  as  well  as  other  documents  and
agreements to regulate the relationship of the parties and the JV to be formed pursuant to the JV Agreement. There is no assurance
that the parties will complete and sign these additional agreements within the agreed timeline or at all. If such agreements are not
signed  within  the  agreed  timeframe,  then  either  party  may  apply  a  30-day  extension,  after  which  the  JV  Agreement  may  be
terminated  and  voided  by  either  party.  Thereafter,  the  consummation  of  the  JV  transaction  is  further  subject  to  the  satisfaction  or
waiver  of  certain  other  closing  conditions  within  a  three-month  period  following  the  completion  of  the  aforesaid  ancillary
agreements. If the closing conditions are not met within the agreed timeframe, then either party may apply a 30-day extension, after
which  the  JV  Agreement  may  be  terminated  and  voided  by  either  party.  In  addition,  completion  of  the  transactions  contemplated
under the JV Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary and certain other closing conditions.

6. On  January  30,  2024,  the  Company  granted  an  aggregate  of  3,750  RSUs  representing  a  right  to  receive  shares  of  the  Company’s
common  stock  to  one  of  the  Company’s  board  members.  The  RSUs  granted  to  the  board  member  will  vest  in  four  quarterly
installments on each of April 1, 2024, July 1, 2024, October 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The total fair value of these RSUs on the
date of grant was $11, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.98 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant.

F-34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b)

3.1

3.3

4.1

4.2

Exhibits

  Composite Copy of Certificate of Incorporation, as amended as of January 22, 2013, corrected February 8, 2013, as amended as of July 25,
2014, corrected September 5, 2017 and as further amended as of August 3, 2020 (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form
10-K filed November 24, 2020)

  Fourth Amended and Restated By-laws (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2023).

  Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference from our registration statement on Form S-1 filed February 1, 2013).

  Description of Securities (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2023).

10.1+

  Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Shnida Ltd., entered into as of November 1, 2022, for the services

of Nadav Kidron (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2023).

10.2+*

  Amendment, dated April 27, 2023, to Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Shnida Ltd., entered into as

of November 1, 2022, for the services of Nadav Kidron.

10.3+*

  Amendment, dated January 8, 2024, to Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Shnida Ltd., entered into

as of November 1, 2022, for the services of Nadav Kidron.

10.4+

  Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Nadav Kidron, entered into as of November 1, 2022 (incorporated by reference

from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2023).

10.5+*

  Amendment,  dated  April  27,  2023,  to  Employment  Agreement  by  and  between  Oramed  Ltd.  and  Nadav  Kidron,  entered  into  as  of

November 1, 2022.

10.6+*

  Amendment,  dated  January  8,  2024,  to  Employment  Agreement  by  and  between  Oramed  Ltd.  and  Nadav  Kidron,  entered  into  as  of

November 1, 2022.

10.7+

  Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1, 2008, for the services of Miriam Kidron

(incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed July 2, 2008).

10.8+

  Amendment, dated November 13, 2014, to Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1,

2008, for the services of Miriam Kidron (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 14, 2014).

10.9+

  Amendment, dated July 13, 2013, to Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1, 2008

for the services of Miriam Kidron (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 14, 2014).

10.10+

  Amendment, dated July 21, 2015, to Consulting Agreements by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1, 2008,

for the services of Miriam Kidron (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 25, 2015).

10.11+

  Amendment, dated June 27, 2016, to Consulting Agreements by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1, 2008,

for the services of Miriam Kidron (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 25, 2016).

10.12+

  Amendment, dated June 30, 2017, to Consulting Agreements by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1, 2008,

for the services of Miriam Kidron (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 29, 2017).

10.13+

  Amendment, dated January 10, 2020, to Consulting Agreements by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1,

2008, for the services of Miriam Kidron (incorporated by reference from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed April 6, 2020).

60

 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
10.14+

  Amendment, dated September 19, 2021, to Consulting Agreements by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1,

2008, for the services of Miriam Kidron (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 24, 2021).

10.15+*

  Amendment,  dated  April  27,  2023,  to  Consulting  Agreements  by  and  between  Oramed  Ltd.  and  KNRY,  Ltd.,  entered  into  as  of  July  1,

2008, for the services of Miriam Kidron.

10.16+*

  Amendment, dated January 8, 2024, to Consulting Agreements by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of July 1,

2008, for the services of Miriam Kidron.

10.17+

  Employment  Agreement,  dated  May  23,  2021,  by  and  between  Oramed  Ltd.  and  David  Silberman  (incorporated  by  reference  from  our

quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed July 14, 2021).

10.18+

  First Amendment, dated September 19, 2021, to Employment Agreement, by and between Oramed Ltd. and David Silberman (incorporated

by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 24, 2021).

10.19+

  Second Amendment, dated October 25, 2022, to Employment Agreement, by and between Oramed Ltd. and David Silberman (incorporated

by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2023).

10.20+*

  Third Amendment, dated April 27, 2023, to Employment Agreement, by and between Oramed Ltd. and David Silberman.

10.21+*

  Fourth Amendment, dated January 8, 2024, to Employment Agreement, by and between Oramed Ltd. and David Silberman.

10.22+*

  Representative Form of Indemnification Agreements between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and each of our directors and officers.

10.23+

  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals  Inc.  Second  Amended  and  Restated  2008  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  from  our  definitive

proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed August 4, 2016).

10.24+

  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-

K filed November 14, 2014).

10.25+

  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between the Company and the Chief Scientific Officer or Chief

Exectuvie Officer (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 29, 2017).

10.26+

  Form of Notice of Stock Option Award and Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-

K filed July 2, 2008).

10.27+

  Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A

filed August 6, 2019).

10.28+

  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals  Inc.  Amended  and  Restated  2019  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  from  our  definitive  proxy

statement on Schedule 14A filed June 30, 2020).

10.29+

Amendment  to  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals  Inc.  Amended  and  Restated  2019  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  from  our
definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed June 2, 2022).

10.30+

  Form of Notice of Stock Option Award and Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-

K filed November 27, 2019).

10.31+

  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-

K filed March 6, 2023).

61

 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
10.32

  Patent  Transfer  Agreement,  dated  February  22,  2011,  between  Oramed  Ltd.  and  Entera  Bio  Ltd.  (incorporated  by  reference  from  our

registration statement on Form S-1 filed March 25, 2011).

10.33

10.34

10.35

  Amended and Restated Technology License Agreement, dated December 21, 2015, between Hefei Tianhui Incubator of Technologies Co.,
Ltd., Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Oramed Ltd. (Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of this document) (incorporated
by reference from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed January 13, 2016).

  Amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated  Technology  License  Agreement,  dated  June  3,  2016,  between  Hefei  Tianhui  Incubator  of
Technologies  Co.,  Ltd.,  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals,  Inc.  and  Oramed  Ltd.  (Confidential  treatment  has  been  requested  for  portions  of  this
document.  The  confidential  portions  will  be  omitted  and  filed  separately,  on  a  confidential  basis,  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission) (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 25, 2016).

  Amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated  Technology  License  Agreement,  dated  July  24,  2016,  between  Hefei  Tianhui  Incubator  of
Technologies  Co.,  Ltd.,  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals,  Inc.  and  Oramed  Ltd.  (Confidential  treatment  has  been  requested  for  portions  of  this
document.  The  confidential  portions  will  be  omitted  and  filed  separately,  on  a  confidential  basis,  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission) (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 25, 2016).

10.36

  Joint Venture Agreement, dated January 22, 2024, among Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Oramed Ltd., Hefei Tianhui Biotech Co., Ltd. and

Technowl Limited (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed January 23, 2024).

10.37

  Equity  Distribution  Agreement,  dated  September  1,  2021,  by  and  between  the  Company  and  Cantor  Fitzgerald  &  Co.  (incorporated  by

reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 1, 2021).

10.38

  License Agreement, dated as of March 18, 2021, between the Company, Oramed Ltd. and Oravax Medical Inc. (incorporated by reference

from our current report on Form 8-K filed March 19, 2021).

10.39

  Stockholders Agreement, dated as of March 18, 2021, between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Akers Biosciences Inc., Premas Biotech PVT

Ltd., Cutter Mill Capital LLC, and Run Ridge LLC. (incorporated by reference from our Form 8-K filed March 19, 2021).

10.40§

  Securities  Purchase  Agreement,  dated  September  21,  2023  by  and  between  Scilex  Holding  Company  and  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals  Inc.

(incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

10.41

  Senior  Secured  Promissory  Note,  dated  September  21,  2023  issued  to  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals  Inc.  by  Scilex  Holding  Company

(incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

10.42

  Warrant No. ORMP CS-1 to Purchase Common Stock of Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on

Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

10.43

  Warrant No. ORMP CS-2 to Purchase Common Stock of Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on

Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

10.44

  Warrant No. ORMP CS-3 to Purchase Common Stock of Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on

Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

10.45

  Warrant No. ORMP CS-4 to Purchase Common Stock of Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on

Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

10.46

  Warrant No. ORMP CS-5 to Purchase Common Stock of Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on

Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

62

 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
10.47

  Scilex Holding Company Specimen Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September

26, 2023).

10.48

  Registration  Rights  Agreement,  dated  September  21,  2023,  by  and  between  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals  Inc.  and  Scilex  Holding  Company

(incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

10.49§

10.50

  Subsidiary Guarantee, dated September 21, 2023, by and among Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Acquiom Agency Services LLC, Scilex Holding
Company, and certain subsidiaries of Scilex Holding Company party thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-
K filed September 26, 2023).

  Security Agreement, dated September 21, 2023, by and among Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Acquiom Agency Services LLC, Scilex Holding
Company, and certain subsidiaries of Scilex Holding Company party thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-
K filed September 26, 2023).

10.51

  Mutual  Termination  and  Release  Agreement,  dated  September  21,  2023,  by  and  between  Sorrento  Therapeutics,  Inc.  and  Oramed

Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023).

10.52+

  Oravax  Medical,  Inc.  2021  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  from  our  annual  report  on  Form  10-K  filed  March  6,

2023).

10.53+

  Oravax Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2023).

21.1

23.1*

31.1*

  Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 24, 2021).

  Consent of Kesselman & Kesselman, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

  Certification  Statement  of  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  pursuant  to  Rule  13a-14(a)  and  15d-14(a)  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of

1934, as amended.

31.2*

  Certification Statement of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,

as amended.

32.1**

  Certification Statement of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

32.2**

  Certification Statement of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

97.1*

  Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. Clawback Policy, adopted November 9, 2023

101.1*

  The following financial statements from the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, formatted in
XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Loss, (iii) Consolidated
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail.

104.1*

  Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*

Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

+ Management contract or compensation plan.

§ Certain exhibits and similar attachments to this agreement have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any

omitted exhibit or other attachment will be furnished supplementary to the SEC upon request.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

None.

63

 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed

on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron,
President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: March 6, 2024

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of

the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron,
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
(principal executive officer)

/s/ David Silberman
David Silberman,
Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial and accounting officer)

/s/ Daniel Aghion
Daniel Aghion,
Director

/s/ Miriam Kidron
Miriam Kidron,
Director

/s/ Arie Mayer
Arie Mayer,
Director

/s/ Leonard Sank
Leonard Sank,
Director

/s/ Benjamin Shapiro
Benjamin Shapiro,
Director

March 6, 2024

March 6, 2024

March 6, 2024

March 6, 2024

March 6, 2024

March 6, 2024

March 6, 2024

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Amendment to Consulting Agreement

Exhibit 10.2

This First Amendment to Consulting Agreement (this “First Amendment”) is entered into as of April 27, 2023 and is effective as of April 17, 2023, by
and  between  Oramed  Pharmaceuticals  Inc.,  a  company  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  with  an  address  at  20  Mamilla  Ave.,
Jerusalem, Israel 9414904 (the “Company”) and Shnida Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, (company I.D. no. 514519016)
with an address at 32 Eliezer Hagadol Street, Jerusalem (the “Consultant”).

WHEREAS,  the  Company  and  the  Consultant  entered  into  a  consulting  agreement,  effective  as  of  November  1,  2022  (the  “Consulting

Agreement”); and

WHEREAS, the Company and the Consultant desire to amend the terms and conditions of the Consulting Agreement as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Consultant agree as follows:

1. Section 5 of the Consulting Agreement (Term), will be amended and replaced as follows:

5.

Term. Either party may terminate this Agreement, for any reason whatsoever, upon the provision of a 140 day prior written notice (the
“Prior  Written  Notice”). If  the  Consulting Agreement  is  terminated  by  the  Company  without  Cause  in  connection  with  a  Change  in
Control (as defined below) that occurs during the period that is three months prior and 12 months after the event, the following provisions
shall apply:

(a)

The Consultant will be entitled to receive 18 months Consideration.

(b)

The Consultant will be entitled to full vesting acceleration of all outstanding unvested equity incentives.

“Change in Control” means the sale or disposition, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets, or
stock,  or  over  fifty  percent  (50%)  of  the  voting  stock  to  any  “person”  or  “group”  (as  such  terms  are  defined  in  Sections  13(d)(3)  and
14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act), or any person or group is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under
the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the voting stock of the Company,
including by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise.

Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  the  Company  may,  at  any  time  following  the  Commencement  Date,  terminate  this  Agreement
immediately by provision of a written notice (and without any further notice, including the Prior Written Notice referred to above), in
which  case  the  termination  date  of  this Agreement  shall  be  the  effective  date  of  such  notice  of  immediate  termination,  in  any  of  the
following circumstances:

5.1

5.2

5.3

Commission of a criminal offence, breach of trust or action adverse to the Company, its monies, property, assets or employees
by the Consultant and/or Nadav.

Breach of any of the Consultant’s and/or Nadav’s undertakings as set forth in this Agreement.

The Consultant is for any reason unable to provide the Consulting Services through Nadav exclusively at a reasonable time as
required by the Company pursuant to this Agreement.

2. Except for the changes and/or additions stated herein, all the other terms of the Consulting Agreement shall remain valid and bind the parties without any
change. In the case of a contradiction between the provisions of this First Amendment and the provisions of the Consulting Agreement, the provisions of
this First Amendment shall prevail. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term “Agreement” as used in the Consulting Agreement shall be
deemed to be the Consulting Agreement as amended by this First Amendment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this First Amendment to Consulting Agreement as of the date first written above.

ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

SHNIDA LTD.

/s/ David Silberman

By:
Name: David Silberman
Title: Chief Financial Officer

/s/ Nadav Kidron

By:
Name:  Nadav Kidron
Title: Chief Executive Officer

I hereby confirm that I have read this First Amendment, understood its terms and agree to be personally bound by all its terms and provisions.

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Second Amendment to Consulting Agreement

Exhibit 10.3

This Second Amendment to Consulting Agreement (this “Second Amendment”) is entered into as of January 8, 2024 and is effective as of January 1,
2024, by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, with an address at 20 Mamilla
Ave.,  Jerusalem,  Israel  9414904  (the  “Company”)  and  Shnida Ltd.,  a  company  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Israel,  (company  I.D.  no.
514519016) with an address at 32 Eliezer Hagadol Street, Jerusalem (the “Consultant”).

WHEREAS, the Company and the Consultant entered into a consulting agreement, effective as of November 1, 2022 and amended as of April 27,

2023 (the “Consulting Agreement”); and

WHEREAS, the Company and the Consultant desire to amend the terms and conditions of the Consulting Agreement as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Consultant agree as follows:

1.

Amendment to Section 6. Section 6 of the Consulting Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

Compensation.  Effective  January  1,  2024  (inclusive),  the  Company  shall  pay  to  the  Consultant  in  consideration  for  the  performance  of  the
Consulting Services, a gross monthly amount of NIS 96,825 (the “Consideration”), subject to the receipt by the Company of an invoice from the
Consultant.

2.

Except  for  the  changes  and/or  additions  stated  herein,  all  the  other  terms  of  the  Consulting  Agreement  shall  remain  valid  and  bind  the  parties
without  any  change.  In  the  case  of  a  contradiction  between  the  provisions  of  this  Second  Amendment  and  the  provisions  of  the  Consulting
Agreement, the provisions of this Second Amendment shall prevail. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term “Agreement” as
used in the Consulting Agreement shall be deemed to be the Consulting Agreement as amended by this Second Amendment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Second Amendment to Consulting Agreement as of the date Second written above.

ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

SHNIDA LTD.

/s/ David Silberman

By:
Name:  David Silberman
Title: Chief Financial Officer

/s/ Nadav Kidron

By:
Name:  Nadav Kidron
Title: Chief Executive Officer

I hereby confirm that I have read this Second Amendment, understood its terms and agree to be personally bound by all its terms and provisions.

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Amendment to Employment Agreement

Exhibit 10.5

This First Amendment to Employment Agreement (this “First Amendment”) is entered into as of April 27, 2023 and is effective as of April 17, 2023, by
and between Nadav Kidron, an individual residing in Jerusalem, Israel (the “Executive”), and Oramed Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of
the State of Israel, with an address at 20 Mamilla Ave., Jerusalem, Israel 9414904 (the “Company”).

WHEREAS,  the  Company  and  the  Executive  entered  into  an  employment  agreement,  effective  as  of  November  1,  2022  (the  “Employment

Agreement”); and

WHEREAS, Company and the Executive desire to amend the terms and conditions of the Employment Agreement as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive agree as follows:

1. Section 5.2 of the Employment Agreement (Termination Without Cause), will be amended and replaced as follows:

5.2

Termination  Without  Cause.  Either  the  Executive  or  the  Company  may  terminate  the  Executive's  employment  without  Cause,  for  any
reason whatsoever, with 140 days prior written notice. If the Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause in
connection with a Change in Control (as defined below) that occurs during the period that is three months prior and 12 months after the
event, the following provisions shall apply:

(a)

The  Executive  will  be  entitled  to  receive  18  months  severance,  which  is  defined  as  base  salary  plus  on-target  bonus  over  the
severance period.

(b)

The Executive will be entitled to full vesting acceleration of all outstanding unvested equity incentives.

“Change in Control” means the sale or disposition, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets, or
stock,  or  over  fifty  percent  (50%)  of  the  voting  stock  to  any  “person”  or  “group”  (as  such  terms  are  defined  in  Sections  13(d)(3)  and
14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act), or any person or group is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under
the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the voting stock of the Company,
including by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise.

2. Except for the changes and/or additions stated herein, all the other terms of the Employment Agreement shall remain valid and bind the parties without
any  change.  In  the  case  of  a  contradiction  between  the  provisions  of  this  First  Amendment  and  the  provisions  of  the  Employment  Agreement,  the
provisions  of  this  First  Amendment  shall  prevail.  Without  limiting  the  generality  of  the  foregoing,  the  term  “Agreement”  as  used  in  the  Employment
Agreement shall be deemed to be the Employment Agreement as amended by this First Amendment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this First Amendment to Employment Agreement as of the date first written above.

Oramed Ltd.

/s/ David Silberman
David Silberman, CFO

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement

Exhibit 10.6

This Second Amendment to Employment Agreement (this “Second Amendment”) is entered into as of January 8, 2024 and is effective as of January 1,
2024, by and between Nadav Kidron, an individual residing in Jerusalem, Israel (the “Executive”), and Oramed Ltd., a company incorporated under the
laws of the State of Israel, with an address at 20 Mamilla Ave., Jerusalem, Israel 9414904 (the “Company”).

WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive entered into an employment agreement, effective as of November 1, 2022 and amended as of April

27, 2023 (the “Employment Agreement”); and

WHEREAS, Company and the Executive desire to amend the terms and conditions of the Employment Agreement as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive agree as follows:

1. Section 2.1(a) of the Employment Agreement will be amended and replaced as follows:

The Executive shall be entitled to a gross monthly amount of NIS 51,591 (the “Salary”).

2. Except for the changes and/or additions stated herein, all the other terms of the Employment Agreement shall remain valid and bind the parties without
any  change.  In  the  case  of  a  contradiction  between  the  provisions  of  this  Second  Amendment  and  the  provisions  of  the  Employment Agreement,  the
provisions of this Second Amendment shall prevail. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term “Agreement” as used in the Employment
Agreement shall be deemed to be the Employment Agreement as amended by this Second Amendment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Second Amendment to Employment Agreement as of the date Second written above.

Oramed Ltd.

/s/ David Silberman
David Silberman, CFO

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENT NO. 8

Exhibit 10.15

This AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENT NO. 8 (this “Eighth Amendment”) is made as of April 27, 2023 and is effective as of April 17, 2023,
by and between Oramed Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, # 513976712 with an address at Mamilla, 20, Jerusalem, Israel
9414904 (the “Company”), and KNRY, Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, # 513836502 with an address at 2 Elza Street,
Jerusalem, Israel 93706 (the “Consultant”).

WHEREAS:

A. The Company and the Consultant are parties to that certain consulting agreement dated as of July 1, 2008, as amended on July 13, 2013, on November
13,  2014,  on  July  21,  2015,  on  June  27,  2016,  on  June  30,  2017,  on  January  10,  2020  and  on  September  19,  2021  (collectively,  the  “Consulting
Agreement”), for services to be provided by Dr. Miriam Kidron Israeli I.D. number 9665993 (“Miriam”); and

B. The Company and the Consultant wish to amend the Consulting Agreement to revise the terms of the Consultant compensation thereunder.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereto covenant and

agree as follows:

1. Section 5 of the Consulting Agreement (Term), will be amended and replaced as follows:

5.

Term. Either party may terminate this Agreement, for any reason whatsoever, upon the provision of a 60 day prior written notice (the
“Prior  Written  Notice”). If  the  Consulting Agreement  is  terminated  by  the  Company  without  Cause  in  connection  with  a  Change  in
Control (as defined below) that occurs during the period that is three months prior and 12 months after the event, the following provisions
shall apply:

(a)

The Consultant will be entitled to receive 12 months Consideration.

(b)

The Consultant will be entitled to full vesting acceleration of all outstanding unvested equity incentives.

“Change in Control” means the sale or disposition, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets, or
stock,  or  over  fifty  percent  (50%)  of  the  voting  stock  to  any  “person”  or  “group”  (as  such  terms  are  defined  in  Sections  13(d)(3)  and
14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act), or any person or group is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under
the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the voting stock of the Company,
including by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise.

Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  the  Company  may,  at  any  time  following  the  Commencement  Date,  terminate  this  Agreement
immediately by provision of a written notice (and without any further notice, including the Prior Written Notice referred to above), in
which  case  the  termination  date  of  this Agreement  shall  be  the  effective  date  of  such  notice  of  immediate  termination,  in  any  of  the
following circumstances:

5.1

5.2

5.3

Commission of a criminal offence, breach of trust or action adverse to the Company, its monies, property, assets or employees
by the Consultant and/or Miriam.

Breach of any of the Consultant’s and/or Miriam’s undertakings as set forth in this Agreement.

The Consultant is for any reason unable to provide the Consulting Services through Miriam exclusively at a reasonable time as
required by the Company pursuant to this Agreement.

2. Except for the changes and/or additions stated herein, all the other terms of the Consulting Agreement shall remain valid and bind the parties without any
change. In the case of a contradiction between the provisions of this Eighth Amendment and the provisions of the Consulting Agreement, the provisions of
this Eighth Amendment shall prevail. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term “Agreement” as used in the Consulting Agreement shall be
deemed to be the Consulting Agreement as amended by this Eighth Amendment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Eighth Amendment to Consulting Agreement as of the date first written above.

ORAMED LTD.

/s /David Silberman

By:
Name: David Silberman
Title: Chief Financial Officer

KNRY LTD.

/s/ Miriam Kidron

By:
Name: Miriam Kidron  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENT NO. 9

Exhibit 10.16

This AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENT NO. 9 (this “Ninth Amendment”)  is  made  as  of  January  8,  2024  and  is  effective  as  of  January  1,
2024, by and between Oramed Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, # 513976712 with an address at Mamilla, 20, Jerusalem,
Israel 9414904 (the “Company”), and KNRY, Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, # 513836502 with an address at 2 Elza
Street, Jerusalem, Israel 93706 (the “Consultant”).

WHEREAS:

A. The Company and the Consultant are parties to that certain consulting agreement dated as of July 1, 2008, as amended on July 13, 2013, on November
13, 2014, on July 21, 2015, on June 27, 2016, on June 30, 2017, on January 10, 2020, on September 19, 2021 and on April 17, 2023 (collectively, the
“Consulting Agreement”), for services to be provided by Dr. Miriam Kidron Israeli I.D. number 9665993 (“Miriam”); and

B. The Company and the Consultant wish to amend the Consulting Agreement to revise the terms of the Consultant compensation thereunder.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereto covenant and

agree as follows:

1. Amendment to Section 6. Section 6 of the Consulting Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

“Compensation.  Effective  January  1,  2024  (inclusive),  the  Company  shall  pay  to  the  Consultant  in  consideration  for  the  performance  of  the
Consulting Services, a gross monthly amount of 117,040 + VAT (the “Consideration”), subject to the receipt by the Company of an invoice from
the Consultant. Each of the Consultant and Miriam hereby declares that neither of them has, nor shall have in the future, any claims or demands in
respect of amounts paid prior to May 2008.”

2. Except for the changes and/or additions stated herein, all the other terms of the Consulting Agreement shall remain valid and bind the parties without
any  change.  In  the  case  of  a  contradiction  between  the  provisions  of  this  Ninth  Amendment  and  the  provisions  of  the  Consulting  Agreement,  the
provisions of this Ninth Amendment shall prevail. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term “Agreement” as used in the Consulting
Agreement shall be deemed to be the Consulting Agreement as amended by this Ninth Amendment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Ninth Amendment to Consulting Agreement as of the date first written above.

ORAMED LTD.

/s/ David Silberman

By:
Name:  David Silberman
Title: Chief Financial Officer

KNRY LTD.

/s/ Miriam Kidron

By:
Name:  Miriam Kidron

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Third Amendment to Employment Agreement

Exhibit 10.20

This Third Amendment to Employment Agreement (this “Third Amendment”) is entered into as of April 27, 2023 and is effective as of April 17, 2023, by
and between David Silberman, an individual residing in Jerusalem, Israel (the “Executive”), and Oramed Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of
the State of Israel, with an address at 20 Mamilla Ave., Jerusalem, Israel 9414904 (the “Company”).

WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive entered into an employment agreement, dated as of May 23, 2021, as amended effective September

1, 2022 and as further amended effective January 1, 2023 (the “Employment Agreement”); and

WHEREAS, Company and the Executive desire to amend the terms and conditions of the Employment Agreement as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive agree as follows:

1. Section 5.2 of the Employment Agreement (Termination Without Cause), will be amended and replaced as follows:

5.2

Termination Without Cause.  Either  the  Executive  or  the  Company  may  terminate  the  Executive’s  employment  without  Cause,  for  any
reason  whatsoever,  with  60  days  prior  written  notice.  If  the  Executive’s  employment  is  terminated  by  the  Company  without  Cause  in
connection with a Change in Control (as defined below) that occurs during the period that is three months prior and 12 months after the
event, the following provisions shall apply:

(a)

The  Executive  will  be  entitled  to  receive  12  months  severance,  which  is  defined  as  base  salary  plus  on-target  bonus  over  the
severance period.

(b)

The Executive will be entitled to full vesting acceleration of all outstanding unvested equity incentives.

“Change in Control” means the sale or disposition, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets, or
stock,  or  over  fifty  percent  (50%)  of  the  voting  stock  to  any  “person”  or  “group”  (as  such  terms  are  defined  in  Sections  13(d)(3)  and
14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act), or any person or group is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under
the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the voting stock of the Company,
including by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise.

2. Except for the changes and/or additions stated herein, all the other terms of the Employment Agreement shall remain valid and bind the parties without
any  change.  In  the  case  of  a  contradiction  between  the  provisions  of  this  Third  Amendment  and  the  provisions  of  the  Employment  Agreement,  the
provisions  of  this  Third  Amendment  shall  prevail.  Without  limiting  the  generality  of  the  foregoing,  the  term  “Agreement”  as  used  in  the  Employment
Agreement shall be deemed to be the Employment Agreement as amended by this Third Amendment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Third Amendment to Employment Agreement as of the date first written above.

Oramed Ltd.

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron, CEO

/s/ David Silberman
David Silberman

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement

Exhibit 10.21

This Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement (this “Fourth Amendment”) is entered into as of this 8th day of January 2024 and is effective as of
January  1,  2024,  by  and  between  David  Silberman,  an  individual  residing  in  Jerusalem,  Israel  (the  “Executive”),  and  Oramed  Ltd.,  a  company
incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, with an address at 20 Mamilla Ave., Jerusalem, Israel 9414904 (the “Company”).

WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive entered into an employment agreement, dated as of May 23, 2021, as amended effective September

1, 2022, January 1, 2023 and April 17, 2023 (the “Employment Agreement”); and

WHEREAS, Company and the Executive desire to amend the terms and conditions of the Employment Agreement to increase the Executive’s

salary.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive agree as follows:

1. In Section 2.1(a) of the Employment Agreement - Salary, the following paragraph is hereby added:

As of January 1, 2024, the Executive shall be entitled to a gross monthly salary of NIS 49,810 (the “Salary”).

As of June 1, 2024, the Executive shall be entitled to a gross monthly salary of NIS 52,300 (the “Salary”).

2. Except for the changes and/or additions stated herein, all the other terms of the Employment Agreement shall remain valid and bind the parties without
any  change.  In  the  case  of  a  contradiction  between  the  provisions  of  this  Fourth  Amendment  and  the  provisions  of  the  Employment  Agreement,  the
provisions of this Fourth Amendment shall prevail. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term “Agreement” as used in the Employment
Agreement shall be deemed to be the Employment Agreement as amended by this Fourth Amendment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement as of January 8, 2024.

Oramed Ltd.

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron, CEO

/s/ David Silberman
David Silberman

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

Exhibit 10.22

THIS  INDEMNIFICATION  AGREEMENT  (the  “Agreement”)  is  made  and  entered  into  as  of  ____________  between  Oramed

Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and __________ (“Indemnitee”).

WHEREAS, highly competent persons have become more reluctant to serve corporations as directors or officers unless they are provided with
adequate protection through insurance or adequate indemnification against inordinate risks of claims and actions against them arising out of their service to
and activities on behalf of the corporation;

WHEREAS,  the  By-laws  and/or  the  Certificate  of  Incorporation  of  the  Company  require  indemnification  of  the  officers  and  directors  of  the
Company. Indemnitee may also be entitled to indemnification pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“DGCL”). The By-laws
and/or  Certificate  of  Incorporation  and  the  DGCL  expressly  provide  that  the  indemnification  provisions  set  forth  therein  are  not  exclusive,  and  thereby
contemplate that contracts may be entered into between the Company and members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) officers and
other persons with respect to indemnification;

WHEREAS, the Board has determined that the increased difficulty in attracting and retaining such persons is detrimental to the best interests of

the Company’s stockholders and that the Company should act to assure such persons that there will be increased certainty of such protection in the future;

WHEREAS, it is reasonable, prudent and necessary for the Company contractually to obligate itself to indemnify, and to advance expenses on
behalf of, such persons to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law so that they will serve or continue to serve the Company free from undue concern
that they will not be so indemnified;

WHEREAS, this Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the By-laws and/or Certificate of Incorporation of the Company and any

resolutions adopted pursuant thereto, and shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder; and

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of Indemnitee’s agreement to serve as an officer and director from and after the date hereof, the parties

hereto agree as follows:

1. Indemnity of Indemnitee. The Company hereby agrees to hold harmless and indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law, as

such may be amended from time to time. In furtherance of the foregoing indemnification, and without limiting the generality thereof:

(a) Proceedings Other Than Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification
provided in this Section l(a)  if,  by  reason  of  his  Corporate  Status  (as  hereinafter  defined),  the  Indemnitee  is,  or  is  threatened  to  be  made,  a  party  to  or
participant in any Proceeding (as hereinafter defined) other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company. Pursuant to this Section 1(a), Indemnitee
shall  be  indemnified  against  all  Expenses  (as  hereinafter  defined),  judgments,  penalties,  fines  and  amounts  paid  in  settlement  actually  and  reasonably
incurred by him, or on his behalf, in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a
manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had
no reasonable cause to believe the Indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful.

(b) Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this Section
1(b) if, by reason of his Corporate Status, the Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in any Proceeding brought by or in the
right of the Company. Pursuant to this Section 1(b), Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in
settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee, or on the Indemnitee’s behalf, in connection with such Proceeding if the Indemnitee acted in
good  faith  and  in  a  manner  the  Indemnitee  reasonably  believed  to  be  in  or  not  opposed  to  the  best  interests  of  the  Company;  provided,  however,  if
applicable law so provides, no indemnification against such Expenses shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter in such Proceeding as to which
Indemnitee  shall  have  been  adjudged  to  be  liable  to  the  Company  unless  and  to  the  extent  that  the  Court  of  Chancery  of  the  State  of  Delaware  shall
determine that such indemnification may be made.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) Indemnification for Expenses of a Party Who is Wholly or Partly Successful. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement,
to the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, he shall be
indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by law, as such may be amended from time to time, against all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and
amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such
Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall
indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim,
issue or matter. For purposes of this Section and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or
without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter.

2.  Additional  Indemnity.  In  addition  to,  and  without  regard  to  any  limitations  on,  the  indemnification  provided  for  in  Section  1  of  this
Agreement, the Company shall and hereby does indemnify and hold harmless Indemnitee against all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts
paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf if, by reason of his Corporate Status, he is, or is threatened to be made, a party
to or participant in any Proceeding (including a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company), including, without limitation, all liability arising out of the
negligence or active or passive wrongdoing of Indemnitee. The only limitation that shall exist upon the Company’s obligations pursuant to this Agreement
shall be that the Company shall not be obligated to make any payment to Indemnitee that is finally determined (under the procedures, and subject to the
presumptions, set forth in Sections 5 and 6 hereof) to be unlawful.

3. Contribution.

(a)  Whether  or  not  the  indemnification  provided  in  Sections  1  and  2  hereof  is  available  in  respect  of  any  threatened,  pending  or
completed Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such action, suit or proceeding), the Company shall
pay, in the first instance, the entire amount of any judgment or settlement of such Proceeding without requiring Indemnitee to contribute to such payment
and  the  Company  hereby  waives  and  relinquishes  any  right  of  contribution  it  may  have  against  Indemnitee.  The  Company  shall  not  enter  into  any
settlement of any Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding) unless such settlement
provides for a full and final release of all claims asserted against Indemnitee.

(b)  Without  diminishing  or  impairing  the  obligations  of  the  Company  set  forth  in  the  preceding  subparagraph,  if,  for  any  reason,
Indemnitee shall elect or be required by law to pay all or any portion of any judgment or settlement in any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding in
which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), the Company shall contribute to the amount of Expenses,
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred and paid or payable by Indemnitee in proportion to the relative benefits
received by the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would
be if joined in such Proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, from the transaction or events from which such Proceeding arose;
provided, however, that the proportion determined on the basis of relative benefit may, to the extent necessary to conform to law, be further adjusted by
reference to the relative fault of the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company other than Indemnitee who are jointly liable with
Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, in connection with the transaction or events that
resulted in such Expenses, judgments, fines or settlement amounts, as well as any other equitable considerations which applicable law may require to be
considered. The relative fault of the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with
Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among
other things, the degree to which their actions were motivated by intent to gain personal profit or advantage, the degree to which their liability is primary or
secondary and the degree to which their conduct is active or passive.

by officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who may be jointly liable with Indemnitee.

(c) The Company hereby agrees to fully indemnify and hold Indemnitee harmless from any claims of contribution which may be brought

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d)  To  the  fullest  extent  permissible  under  applicable  law,  if  the  indemnification  provided  for  in  this  Agreement  is  unavailable  to
Indemnitee for any reason whatsoever, the Company, in lieu of indemnifying Indemnitee, shall contribute to the amount incurred by Indemnitee, whether
for  judgments,  fines,  penalties,  excise  taxes,  amounts  paid  or  to  be  paid  in  settlement  and/or  for  Expenses,  in  connection  with  any  claim  relating  to  an
indemnifiable event under this Agreement, in such proportion as is deemed fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances of such Proceeding in
order  to  reflect  (i)  the  relative  benefits  received  by  the  Company  and  Indemnitee  as  a  result  of  the  event(s)  and/or  transaction(s)  giving  cause  to  such
Proceeding; and/or (ii) the relative fault of the Company (and its directors, officers, employees and agents) and Indemnitee in connection with such event(s)
and/or transaction(s).

3. Indemnification for Expenses of a Witness.  Notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of  this  Agreement,  to  the  extent  that  Indemnitee  is,  by
reason of his Corporate Status, a witness, or is made (or asked) to respond to discovery requests, in any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is not a party, he
shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith.

4. Advancement of Expenses. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company shall advance all Expenses incurred by
or on behalf of Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status within thirty (30) days after the receipt by the
Company of a statement or statements from Indemnitee requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition
of  such  Proceeding.  Such  statement  or  statements  shall  reasonably  evidence  the  Expenses  incurred  by  Indemnitee  and  shall  include  or  be  preceded  or
accompanied by a written undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee to repay any Expenses advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by a final judicial
determination  (as  to  which  all  rights  of  appeal  therefrom  have  been  exhausted  or  lapsed)  that  Indemnitee  is  not  entitled  to  be  indemnified  against  such
Expenses. Any advances and undertakings to repay pursuant to this Section 4 shall be unsecured and interest free.

5.  Procedures  and  Presumptions  for  Determination  of  Entitlement  to  Indemnification.  It  is  the  intent  of  this  Agreement  to  secure  for
Indemnitee rights of indemnity that are as favorable as may be permitted under the DGCL and public policy of the State of Delaware. Accordingly, the
parties  agree  that  the  following  procedures  and  presumptions  shall  apply  in  the  event  of  any  question  as  to  whether  Indemnitee  is  entitled  to
indemnification under this Agreement:

(a) To  obtain  indemnification  under  this  Agreement,  Indemnitee  shall  submit  to  the  Company  a  written  request,  including  therein  or
therewith  such  documentation  and  information  as  is  reasonably  available  to  Indemnitee  and  is  reasonably  necessary  to  determine  whether  and  to  what
extent  Indemnitee  is  entitled  to  indemnification,  provided  that  Indemnitee  shall  not  be  required  to  provide  any  documentation  or  information  which  is
privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure. The Secretary of the Company shall, promptly upon receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise
the Board in writing that Indemnitee has requested indemnification. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any failure of Indemnitee to provide such a request to
the Company, or to provide such a request in a timely fashion, shall not relieve the Company of any liability that it may have to Indemnitee unless, and to
the extent that, such failure actually and materially prejudices the interests of the Company.

(b) Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to the first sentence of Section 5(a) hereof, a determination with
respect  to  Indemnitee’s  entitlement  thereto  shall  be  made  in  the  specific  case  by  one  of  the  following  four  methods,  which  shall  be  at  the  election  of
Indemnitee,  in  his  sole  discretion:  (1)  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  disinterested  directors,  even  though  less  than  a  quorum,  (2)  by  a  majority  vote  of  a
committee  of  disinterested  directors  designated  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  disinterested  directors,  even  though  less  than  a  quorum,  (3)  if  there  are  no
disinterested directors or if a Change of Control shall have occurred after the date hereof, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board, a copy
of which shall be delivered to the Indemnitee, or (4) by a simple majority of the stockholders of the Company voting on the matter. For purposes hereof,
disinterested directors are those members of the Board who are not parties to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought by Indemnitee.

“Change of Control” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following:

(a) any “person,” as such term is currently used in Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”) (a
“person”),  becomes  a  “beneficial  owner”  (as  such  term  is  currently  used  in  Rule  13d-3  promulgated  under  the  1934  Act  (a  “Beneficial
Owner”) of 30% or more of the Voting Stock (as defined below) of the Company;

3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b)  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Company  adopts  any  plan  of  liquidation  providing  for  the  distribution  of  all  or  substantially  all  of  the
Company’s assets;

(c) all or substantially all of the assets or business of the Company are disposed of in any one or more transactions pursuant to a sale, merger,
consolidation  or  other  transaction  (unless  the  shareholders  of  the  Company  immediately  prior  to  such  sale,  merger,  consolidation  or  other
transaction beneficially own, directly or indirectly, in substantially the same proportion as they owned the Voting Stock of the Company, more
than fifty percent (50%) of the Voting Stock or other ownership interests of the entity or entities, if any, that succeed to the business of the
Company);

(d) the Company combines with another company and is the surviving corporation but, immediately after the combination, the shareholders of
the Company immediately prior to the combination hold, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or less of the Voting Stock of the combined
company; or

(e) Continuing Directors cease to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Voting Stock” of any entity shall mean the issued and outstanding share capital or other securities of any class or classes having general
voting power under ordinary circumstances, in the absence of contingencies, to elect the members of the board of directors (or members of a
similar managerial body if such entity has no board of directors) of such entity.

“Continuing Director” means a director who either was a director of the Company on the Commencement Date or who became a director of
the Company subsequent thereto and whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’s shareholders, was approved by a majority
of the Continuing Directors then on the Board of Directors of the Company.

(c) If  the  determination  of  entitlement  to  indemnification  is  to  be  made  by  Independent  Counsel  pursuant  to  Section 5(b)  hereof,  the
Independent Counsel shall be selected as provided in this Section 5(c). The Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Board. Indemnitee may, within 10
days after such written notice of selection shall have been given, deliver to the Company a written objection to such selection; provided, however, that such
objection  may  be  asserted  only  on  the  ground  that  the  Independent  Counsel  so  selected  does  not  meet  the  requirements  of  “Independent Counsel”  as
defined in this Agreement, and the objection shall set forth with reasonable particularity the factual basis of such assertion. Absent a proper and timely
objection, the person so selected shall act as Independent Counsel. If a written objection is made and substantiated, the Independent Counsel selected may
not serve as Independent Counsel unless and until such objection is withdrawn or a court has determined that such objection is without merit. If, within 20
days  after  submission  by  Indemnitee  of  a  written  request  for  indemnification  pursuant  to  Section 5(a)  hereof,  no  Independent  Counsel  shall  have  been
selected and not objected to, either the Company or Indemnitee may petition the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or other court of competent
jurisdiction for resolution of any objection which shall have been made by the Indemnitee to the Company’s selection of Independent Counsel and/or for
the appointment as Independent Counsel of a person selected by the court or by such other person as the court shall designate, and the person with respect
to whom all objections are so resolved or the person so appointed shall act as Independent Counsel under Section 5(b) hereof. The Company shall pay any
and all reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel incurred by such Independent Counsel in connection with acting pursuant to Section 5(b)
hereof, and the Company shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses (including those incurred by Indemnitee) incident to the procedures of this Section
5(c), regardless of the manner in which such Independent Counsel was selected or appointed.

(d)  In  making  a  determination  with  respect  to  entitlement  to  indemnification  hereunder,  the  person  or  persons  or  entity  making  such
determination shall presume that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement. Anyone seeking to overcome this presumption shall have
the  burden  of  proof  and  the  burden  of  persuasion  by  clear  and  convincing  evidence.  Neither  the  failure  of  the  Company  (including  by  its  directors  or
Independent Counsel) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of any action pursuant to this Agreement that indemnification is proper in
the circumstances because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the Company (including by its directors
or Independent Counsel) that Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that
Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(e) Indemnitee  shall  be  deemed  to  have  acted  in  good  faith  if  Indemnitee’s  action  is  based  on  the  records  or  books  of  account  of  the
Enterprise (as hereinafter defined), including financial statements, or on information supplied to Indemnitee by the officers of the Enterprise in the course
of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Enterprise by an independent
certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected by the Enterprise. In addition, the knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any
director, officer, agent or employee of the Enterprise shall not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the right to indemnification under this
Agreement. Whether or not the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(e) are satisfied, it shall in any event be presumed that Indemnitee has at all times
acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal
Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. Anyone seeking to overcome this presumption shall have the
burden of proof and the burden of persuasion by clear and convincing evidence.

(f) If the person, persons or entity empowered or selected under Section 5 to determine whether Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification
shall not have made a determination within thirty (30) days after receipt by the Company of the request therefor, the requisite determination of entitlement
to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification absent (i) a misstatement by Indemnitee of
a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for
indemnification,  or  (ii)  a  prohibition  of  such  indemnification  under  applicable  law;  provided,  however,  that  such  30-day  period  may  be  extended  for  a
reasonable  time,  not  to  exceed  an  additional  thirty  (30)  days,  if  the  person,  persons  or  entity  making  such  determination  with  respect  to  entitlement  to
indemnification in good faith requires such additional time to obtain or evaluate documentation and/or information relating thereto; and provided, further,
that the foregoing provisions of this Section 5(f) shall not apply if the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by the stockholders
pursuant to Section 5(b) of this Agreement and if (A) within fifteen (15) days after receipt by the Company of the request for such determination, the Board
or the Disinterested Directors, if appropriate, resolve to submit such determination to the stockholders for their consideration at an annual meeting thereof
to be held within sixty (60) days after such receipt and such determination is made thereat, or (B) a special meeting of stockholders is called within fifteen
(15) days after such receipt for the purpose of making such determination, such meeting is held for such purpose within forty (40) days after having been so
called and such determination is made thereat.

(g) Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making such determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to
indemnification,  including  providing  to  such  person,  persons  or  entity  upon  reasonable  advance  request  any  documentation  or  information  which  is  not
privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any
Independent Counsel, member of the Board or stockholder of the Company shall act reasonably and in good faith in making a determination regarding the
Indemnitee’s  entitlement  to  indemnification  under  this  Agreement.  Any  costs  or  expenses  (including  attorneys’  fees  and  disbursements)  incurred  by
Indemnitee  in  so  cooperating  with  the  person,  persons  or  entity  making  such  determination  shall  be  borne  by  the  Company  (irrespective  of  the
determination as to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification) and the Company hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom.

(h) The Company acknowledges that a settlement or other disposition short of final judgment may be successful if it permits a party to
avoid expense, delay, distraction, disruption and uncertainty. In the event that any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party is resolved in any manner
other  than  by  adverse  judgment  against  Indemnitee  (including,  without  limitation,  settlement  of  such  Proceeding  with  or  without  payment  of  money  or
other consideration) it shall be presumed that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in such Proceeding. Anyone seeking to overcome
this presumption shall have the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion by clear and convincing evidence.

(i) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a
plea  of  nolo  contendere  or  its  equivalent,  shall  not  (except  as  otherwise  expressly  provided  in  this  Agreement)  of  itself  adversely  affect  the  right  of
Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or
not  opposed  to  the  best  interests  of  the  Company  or,  with  respect  to  any  criminal  Proceeding,  that  Indemnitee  had  reasonable  cause  to  believe  that  his
conduct was unlawful.

5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Remedies of Indemnitee.

(a) In the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 5 of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification
under this Agreement, (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 4 of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of entitlement to
indemnification is made pursuant to Section 5(b) of this Agreement within 30 days after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification (subject
to extension, as provided in Section 5(f)), (iv) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to this Agreement within ten (10) days after receipt by the
Company  of  a  written  request  therefor  or  (v)  payment  of  indemnification  is  not  made  within  ten  (10)  days  after  a  determination  has  been  made  that
Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or such determination is deemed to have been made pursuant to Section 5 of this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be
entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of Delaware, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of Indemnitee’s entitlement to
such indemnification. Indemnitee shall commence such proceeding seeking an adjudication within 180 days following the date on which Indemnitee first
has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 6(a). The Company shall not oppose Indemnitee’s right to seek any such adjudication.

(b) In the event that a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 5(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to
indemnification,  any  judicial  proceeding  commenced  pursuant  to  this  Section  6  shall  be  conducted  in  all  respects  as  a  de  novo  trial  on  the  merits,  and
Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of the adverse determination under Section 5(b).

(c) If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 5(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the
Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 6, absent (i) a misstatement by Indemnitee
of  a  material  fact,  or  an  omission  of  a  material  fact  necessary  to  make  Indemnitee’s  misstatement  not  materially  misleading  in  connection  with  the
application for indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law.

(d) In the event that Indemnitee, pursuant to this Section 6, seeks a judicial adjudication of his rights under, or to recover damages for
breach of, this Agreement, or to recover under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company, the Company shall pay
on  his  behalf,  in  advance  within  ten  (10)  days  after  the  receipt  by  the  Company  of  a  statement  from  Indemnitee  requesting  such  payment,  any  and  all
expenses (of the types described in the definition of Expenses in this Agreement) actually and reasonably incurred by him in such judicial adjudication,
regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is determined to be entitled to such indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance recovery.

(e) The Company shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 6 that the procedures
and  presumptions  of  this  Agreement  are  not  valid,  binding  and  enforceable  and  shall  stipulate  in  any  such  court  that  the  Company  is  bound  by  all  the
provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against any and all Expenses and, if requested by Indemnitee, shall (within ten
(10) days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefore) advance, to the extent not prohibited by law, such expenses to Indemnitee, which are
incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any action brought by Indemnitee for indemnification or advance of Expenses from the Company under this
Agreement or under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company, regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is
determined to be entitled to such indemnification, advancement of Expenses or insurance recovery, as the case may be.

(f)  Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  Agreement  to  the  contrary,  no  determination  as  to  entitlement  to  indemnification  under  this

Agreement shall be required to be made prior to the final disposition of the Proceeding.

6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Non-Exclusivity; Survival of Rights; Insurance; Primacy of Indemnification; Subrogation.

(a) The rights of indemnification as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee
may  at  any  time  be  entitled  under  applicable  law,  the  Certificate  of  Incorporation,  the  By-laws,  any  agreement,  a  vote  of  stockholders,  a  resolution  of
directors of the Company, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of
Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in his Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration
or  repeal.  To  the  extent  that  a  change  in  the  DGCL,  whether  by  statute  or  judicial  decision,  permits  greater  indemnification  than  would  be  afforded
currently  under  the  Certificate  of  Incorporation,  By-laws  and  this  Agreement,  it  is  the  intent  of  the  parties  hereto  that  Indemnitee  shall  enjoy  by  this
Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such change. No right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy,
and every other right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or
in  equity  or  otherwise.  The  assertion  or  employment  of  any  right  or  remedy  hereunder,  or  otherwise,  shall  not  prevent  the  concurrent  assertion  or
employment of any other right or remedy.

(b)  To  the  extent  that  the  Company  maintains  an  insurance  policy  or  policies  providing  liability  insurance  for  directors,  officers,
employees, or agents or fiduciaries of the Company or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise
that such person serves at the request of the Company, Indemnitee shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the
maximum extent of the coverage available for any director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary under such policy or policies. If, at the time of the receipt
of a notice of a claim pursuant to the terms hereof, the Company has directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt
notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Company shall
thereafter  take  all  necessary  or  desirable  action  to  cause  such  insurers  to  pay,  on  behalf  of  the  Indemnitee,  all  amounts  payable  as  a  result  of  such
proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies.

(c) In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights
of recovery of Indemnitee (other than against the Outside Indemnitors), who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such
rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.

(d) The Company hereby acknowledges that the Indemnitee may have other sources of indemnification or insurance, whether currently in
force or established in the future (collectively, the “Outside Indemnitors”). The Company hereby agrees: (i) that it is the indemnitor of first resort (i.e., its
obligations to the Indemnitee are primary and any obligation of the Outside Indemnitors to advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the same
expenses  or  liabilities  incurred  by  the  Indemnitee  are  secondary);  (ii)  that  it  shall  be  required  to  advance  the  full  amount  of  Expenses  incurred  by  the
Indemnitee  and  shall  be  liable  in  full  for  all  indemnifiable  amounts  to  the  extent  legally  permitted  and  as  required  by  the  Company’s  Certificate  of
Incorporation and Bylaws or any agreement between the Company and the Indemnitee, without regard to any rights the Indemnitee may have against the
Outside  Indemnitors  and  (iii)  that  it  irrevocably  waives,  relinquishes  and  releases  the  Outside  Indemnitors  from  any  and  all  claims  against  the  Outside
Indemnitors  for  contribution,  subrogation  or  any  other  recovery  of  any  kind  in  respect  thereof.  The  Company  further  agrees  that  no  advancement  or
payment by the Outside Indemnitors on behalf of the Indemnitee with respect to any claim for which the Indemnitee have sought indemnification from the
Company shall affect the foregoing and the Outside Indemnitors shall have a right of contribution and/or be subrogated to the extent of such advancement
or payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee against the Company. The Company and the Indemnitee agree that the Outside Indemnitors are
express third party beneficiaries of the terms hereof.

(e) The Company’s obligation to indemnify or advance Expenses hereunder to Indemnitee who is or was serving at the request of the
Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall
be reduced by any amount Indemnitee has actually received as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise.

7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Exception to Right of Indemnification. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement, the Company shall not be obligated under this

Agreement to make any indemnity in connection with any claim made against Indemnitee:

(a)  for  an  accounting  of  profits  made  from  the  purchase  and  sale  (or  sale  and  purchase)  by  Indemnitee  of  securities  of  the  Company

within the meaning of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or similar provisions of state statutory law or common law; or

(b) in connection with any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) initiated by Indemnitee, including any Proceeding (or any part of
any Proceeding) initiated by Indemnitee against the Company or its directors, officers, employees or other indemnitees, unless (i) the Board authorized the
Proceeding  (or  any  part  of  any  Proceeding)  prior  to  its  initiation,  (ii)  the  Company  provides  the  indemnification,  in  its  sole  discretion,  pursuant  to  the
powers vested in the Company under applicable law or (iii) such Proceeding is brought by Indemnitee to assert, interpret or enforce his rights under this
Agreement.

9. Duration of Agreement. All agreements and obligations of the Company contained herein shall continue during the period Indemnitee is an
officer or director of the Company (or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership,  joint  venture,  trust  or  other  enterprise)  and  shall  continue  thereafter  so  long  as  Indemnitee  shall  be  subject  to  any  Proceeding  (or  any
proceeding commenced under Section 6 hereof) by reason of his Corporate Status, whether or not he is acting or serving in any such capacity at the time
any liability or expense is incurred for which indemnification can be provided under this Agreement. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to
the  benefit  of  and  be  enforceable  by  the  parties  hereto  and  their  respective  successors  (including  any  direct  or  indirect  successor  by  purchase,  merger,
consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company), assigns, spouses, heirs, executors and personal and legal
representatives.

10. Security. To the extent requested by Indemnitee and approved by the Board, the Company may at any time and from time to time provide
security  to  Indemnitee  for  the  Company’s  obligations  hereunder  through  an  irrevocable  bank  line  of  credit,  funded  trust  or  other  collateral. Any  such
security, once provided to Indemnitee, may not be revoked or released without the prior written consent of the Indemnitee.

11. Enforcement.

(a) The Company expressly confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement and assumes the obligations imposed on it hereby
in  order  to  induce  Indemnitee  to  serve  as  an  officer  or  director  of  the  Company,  and  the  Company  acknowledges  that  Indemnitee  is  relying  upon  this
Agreement in serving as an officer or director of the Company.

all prior agreements and understandings, oral, written and implied, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

(b) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes

(c)  The  Company  shall  not  seek  from  a  court,  or  agree  to,  a  “bar  order”  which  would  have  the  effect  of  prohibiting  or  limiting  the

Indemnitee’s rights to receive advancement of expenses under this Agreement.

8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement:

(a) “Corporate Status” describes the status of a person who is or was a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Company or
any subsidiary thereof or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was
serving at the express written request of the Company.

(b) “Disinterested Director”  means  a  director  of  the  Company  who  is  not  and  was  not  a  party  to  the  Proceeding  in  respect  of  which
indemnification is sought by Indemnitee and who is not subject to any other relationship that may reasonably prejudice such director’s determination as to
the Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification hereunder.

enterprise that Indemnitee is or was serving at the express written request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary.

(c) “Enterprise”  shall  mean  the  Company  and  any  other  corporation,  partnership,  joint  venture,  trust,  employee  benefit  plan  or  other

(d) “Expenses”  shall  include  all  reasonable  attorneys’  fees,  retainers,  court  costs,  transcript  costs,  fees  of  experts,  witness  fees,  travel
expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees and all other disbursements or expenses of the
types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, participating, or being or preparing
to be a witness in a Proceeding, or responding to, or objecting to, a request to provide discovery in any Proceeding. Expenses also shall include Expenses
incurred in connection with any appeal resulting from any Proceeding and any federal, state, local or foreign taxes imposed on the Indemnitee as a result of
the actual or deemed receipt of any payments under this Agreement, including without limitation the premium, security for, and other costs relating to any
cost bond, supersede as bond, or other appeal bond or its equivalent.

(e) “Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither
presently is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other than
with respect to matters concerning Indemnitee under this Agreement, or of other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other
party  to  the  Proceeding  giving  rise  to  a  claim  for  indemnification  hereunder.  Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  the  term  “Independent  Counsel”  shall  not
include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the
Company  or  Indemnitee  in  an  action  to  determine  Indemnitee’s  rights  under  this  Agreement.  The  Company  agrees  to  pay  the  reasonable  fees  of  the
Independent Counsel referred to above and to fully indemnify such counsel against any and all Expenses, claims, liabilities and damages arising out of or
relating to this Agreement or its engagement pursuant hereto.

(f)  “Proceeding”  includes  any  threatened,  pending  or  completed  action,  suit,  arbitration,  alternate  dispute  resolution  mechanism,
investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other actual, threatened or completed proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or
otherwise and whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party or otherwise, by reason of
his or his Corporate Status, by reason of any action taken by him or of any inaction on his part while acting in his Corporate Status; in each case whether or
not  he  is  acting  or  serving  in  any  such  capacity  at  the  time  any  liability  or  expense  is  incurred  for  which  indemnification  can  be  provided  under  this
Agreement;  including  one  pending  on  or  before  the  date  of  this  Agreement,  but  excluding  one  initiated  by  an  Indemnitee  pursuant  to  Section  6  of  this
Agreement to enforce his rights under this Agreement.

13. Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision hereof shall in no way affect the validity or enforceability of any other
provision.  Without  limiting  the  generality  of  the  foregoing,  this  Agreement  is  intended  to  confer  upon  Indemnitee  indemnification  rights  to  the  fullest
extent  permitted  by  applicable  laws.  In  the  event  any  provision  hereof  conflicts  with  any  applicable  law,  such  provision  shall  be  deemed  modified,
consistent with the aforementioned intent, to the extent necessary to resolve such conflict.

14. Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification, termination or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in
writing  by  both  of  the  parties  hereto.  No  waiver  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  Agreement  shall  be  deemed  or  shall  constitute  a  waiver  of  any  other
provisions hereof (whether or not similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Notice By Indemnitee. Indemnitee agrees promptly to notify the Company in writing upon being served with or otherwise receiving any
summons,  citation,  subpoena,  complaint,  indictment,  information  or  other  document  relating  to  any  Proceeding  or  matter  which  may  be  subject  to
indemnification covered hereunder. The failure to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of any obligation which it may have to Indemnitee
under this Agreement or otherwise unless and only to the extent that such failure or delay materially prejudices the Company.

16.  Notices.  All  notices  and  other  communications  given  or  made  pursuant  to  this  Agreement  shall  be  in  writing  and  shall  be  deemed
effectively  given:  (a)  upon  personal  delivery  to  the  party  to  be  notified,  (b)  when  sent  by  confirmed  electronic  mail  or  facsimile  if  sent  during  normal
business hours of the recipient, and if not so confirmed, then on the next business day, (c) five (5) days after having been sent by registered or certified
mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (d) one (1) day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, specifying next day delivery,
with written verification of receipt. All communications shall be sent to Indemnitee at the address set forth below Indemnitee signature hereto, and to the
Company,  at  its  principal  executive  offices  to  the  attention  of  the  President,  or  to  such  other  address  as  may  have  been  furnished  to  Indemnitee  by  the
Company or to the Company by Indemnitee, as the case may be.

17. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which
together  shall  constitute  one  and  the  same  Agreement.  This  Agreement  may  also  be  executed  and  delivered  by  facsimile  signature  and  in  two  or  more
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

18. Headings. The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part

of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.

19. Governing Law and Consent to Jurisdiction. This Agreement and the legal relations among the parties with respect to the subject matter of
this Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflict of
laws rules. The Company and Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agree that any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection
with this Agreement shall be brought only in the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Court”), and not in any other state or federal
court  in  the  United  States  of  America  or  any  court  in  any  other  country,  (ii)  consent  to  submit  to  the  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  the  Delaware  Court  for
purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, (iii) waive any objection to the laying of venue of any such action
or  proceeding  in  the  Delaware  Court,  and  (iv)  waive,  and  agree  not  to  plead  or  to  make,  any  claim  that  any  such  action  or  proceeding  brought  in  the
Delaware Court has been brought in an improper or inconvenient forum.

SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW

10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Indemnification Agreement on and as of the day and year first above written.

COMPANY

ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

By:
Name:
Title:

INDEMNITEE

Name:
Address: 

11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                  
 
 
The following executive officers and directors are each party to an Indemnification Agreement or Amended and Restated Indemnification Agreement with
the Company, each of which is substantially identical in all material respects to the representative Indemnification Agreement filed herewith and is dated as
of the respective date listed below.

Schedule to Exhibit 10.14

Name of Signatory
Nadav Kidron
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Daniel Aghion
Director

Miriam Kidron
Chief Scientific Officer and Director

Dr. Arie Mayer, Ph.D.
Director

Leonard Sank
Director

Benjamin Shapiro
Director

Joshua Hexter
Chief Operating & Business Officer

David Silberman
Chief Financial Officer

Netanel Derovan
Chief Legal Officer

Date
March 26, 2017

January 1, 2024

March 26, 2017

December 5, 2019

January 26, 2017

April 30, 2023

September 8, 2019

July 4, 2021

December 7, 2021

12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-252696 and 333-257926 and 333-257128) and
Form S-8 (Nos. 333-244380, 333-234303, 333-213835, 333-199120, 333-190222, 333-163919 and 333-266105) of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. of our
report dated March 6, 2024 relating to the financial statements, which appears in this Form 10-K.

Exhibit 23.1

Tel-Aviv, Israel
March 6, 2024

/s/ Kesselman & Kesselman
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
A member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International
Limited

 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, Nadav Kidron, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements  made,  in  light  of  the  circumstances  under  which  such  statements  were  made,  not  misleading  with  respect  to  the  period  covered  by  this
report;

3. Based  on  my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information  included  in  this  report,  fairly  present  in  all  material  respects  the

financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f))
for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to
ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its  consolidated  subsidiaries,  is  made  known  to  us  by  others  within  those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  or  caused  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  to  be  designed  under  our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our  conclusions  about  the

effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  registrant’s  most  recent
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially
affect, the registrant ’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the

registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably

likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control

over financial reporting.

Date: March 6, 2024

By:

/s/ Nadav Kidron
Nadav Kidron
President and Chief Executive Officer

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, David Silberman, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements  made,  in  light  of  the  circumstances  under  which  such  statements  were  made,  not  misleading  with  respect  to  the  period  covered  by  this
report;

3. Based  on  my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information  included  in  this  report,  fairly  present  in  all  material  respects  the

financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f))
for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to
ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its  consolidated  subsidiaries,  is  made  known  to  us  by  others  within  those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  or  caused  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  to  be  designed  under  our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our  conclusions  about  the

effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  registrant’s  most  recent
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially
affect, the registrant ’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the

registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably

likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control

over financial reporting.

Date: March 6, 2024

By:

/s/ David Silberman
David Silberman
Chief Financial Officer

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

Exhibit 32.1

In connection with the annual report of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., or the Company, on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023, as
filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  on  the  date  hereof,  or  the  Report,  I,  Nadav  Kidron,  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  the
Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 6, 2024

By:

/s/ Nadav Kidron  
Nadav Kidron
President and Chief Executive Officer

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

Exhibit 32.2

In connection with the annual report of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., or the Company, on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023, as
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, or the Report, I, David Silberman, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 6, 2024

By:

/s/ David Silberman
David Silberman
Chief Financial Officer

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 97.1

ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC. (the “Company”)

CLAWBACK POLICY

Effective: November 9, 2023

Background

The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) believes that it is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders to create and maintain a
culture  that  emphasizes  integrity  and  accountability  and  that  reinforces  the  Company’s  compensation  philosophy.  The  Board  has  therefore  adopted  this
policy,  which  provides  for  the  recoupment  (or  clawback)  of  certain  executive  compensation  in  the  event  of  an  accounting  restatement  resulting  from
material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under the federal securities laws of the United States (the “Policy”). This Policy is designed
to comply with Section 10D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), Rule 10D-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act
(“Rule 10D-1”) and the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5608.

Administration

This  Policy  shall  be  administered  by  the  Compensation  Committee  of  the  Board  (the  “Compensation Committee”).  Any  determinations  made  by  the
Compensation  Committee  shall  be  final  and  binding  on  all  affected  individuals.  Subject  to  any  limitation  under  applicable  law,  the  Compensation
Committee  may  authorize  and  empower  any  officer  or  employee  of  the  Company  to  take  any  and  all  actions  necessary  or  appropriate  to  carry  out  the
purpose and intent of this Policy (other than with respect to any recovery under this Policy involving such officer or employee).

Covered Executives

This Policy applies to the Company’s current and former executive officers, as determined by the Board in accordance with Section 10D of the Exchange
Act and the listing standards of the Nasdaq (“Covered Executives”).

Recoupment; Accounting Restatement

In the event the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement of its financial statements due to the Company’s material noncompliance with
any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, the Compensation Committee will require prompt reimbursement or forfeiture of any excess
Incentive Compensation (as defined below) received by any Covered Executive during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date on
which the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement. For the sake of clarity, recoupment is required in the event of any restatement that
either: (a) corrects an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements; or (b) corrects an error not
material to previously issued financial statements, but that would result in a material misstatement if (i) the error was left uncorrected in the then current
period; or (ii) the error correction was recognized in the then current period. The Company’s obligation to recover erroneously awarded compensation is
not dependent on if or when the restated financial statements are filed. For purposes of determining the relevant recovery period, the date that the Company
is required to prepare an accounting restatement as described above is the earlier to occur of: (A) the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the
officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the
Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement as described above; or (B) the date a court, regulator, or other legally authorized body directs the
Company  to  prepare  an  accounting  restatement  as  described  above.  In  accordance  with  Nasdaq  Rule  5608(e),  this  Policy  is  applicable  to  Incentive
Compensation received on or after October 2, 2023.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Incentive Compensation

For purposes of this Policy, “Incentive Compensation” means any of the following, provided that such compensation is granted, earned or vested based
wholly or in part on the attainment of a financial reporting measure affected by the restated financial statements:

● Annual bonuses and other short- and long-term cash incentives.

● Stock options.

● Stock appreciation rights.

● Restricted stock.

● Restricted stock units.

● Performance shares.

● Performance units.

Financial reporting measures are measures that are determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s
financial statements, and any measures that are derived wholly or in part from such measures. Stock price and total shareholder return are also financial
reporting  measures.  A  financial  reporting  measure  need  not  be  presented  within  the  financial  statements  or  included  in  a  filing  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange Commission. The Company’s financial reporting measures may include, but are not limited to, the following:

● Company stock price.

● Total shareholder return.

● Revenues.

● Net income.

● Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA).

● Funds from operations.

● Liquidity measures such as working capital, operating cash flow or Free Cash Flow.

● Return measures such as return on invested capital or return on assets.

● Earnings measures such as earnings per share.

This Policy applies to all Incentive Compensation received by a Covered Person:

● After beginning service as an executive officer;

● Who served as an executive officer at any time during the performance period for that Incentive Compensation;

● While the Company has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association; and

● During  the  three  completed  fiscal  years  immediately  preceding  the  date  that  the  Company  is  required  to  prepare  an  accounting  restatement  as
described  in  this  Policy.  In  addition  to  these  last  three  completed  fiscal  years,  this  Policy  applies  to  any  transition  period  (that  results  from  a
change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years. However, a transition period between
the last day of the Company’s previous fiscal year end and the first day of its new fiscal year that comprises a period of nine to 12 months would
be deemed a completed fiscal year.

Incentive  Compensation  is  deemed  received  in  the  Company’s  fiscal  period  during  which  the  financial  reporting  measure  specified  in  the  Incentive
Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive Compensation occurs after the end of that period.

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Excess Incentive Compensation: Amount Subject to Recovery

The amount to be recovered will be the excess of the Incentive Compensation paid to the Covered Executive based on the erroneous data over the Incentive
Compensation  that  would  have  been  paid  to  the  Covered  Executive  had  it  been  based  on  the  restated  results,  as  determined  by  the  Compensation
Committee, and without regard to any taxes paid by or withheld from the Covered Executive. If the Compensation Committee cannot determine the amount
of excess Incentive Compensation received by the Covered Executive directly from the information in the accounting restatement, then it will make its
determination  based  on  a  reasonable  estimate  of  the  effect  of  the  accounting  restatement.  For  Incentive  Compensation  based  on  stock  price  or  total
shareholder return, where the amount of erroneously awarded compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in an
accounting restatement, the amount will be based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the accounting restatement on the stock price or total shareholder
return  upon  which  the  Incentive  Compensation  was  received.  In  such  case,  the  Company  shall  maintain  documentation  of  the  determination  of  that
reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to Nasdaq.

Method of Recoupment

The  Compensation  Committee  will  determine,  in  its  sole  discretion,  the  method  for  recouping  Incentive  Compensation  hereunder  which  may  include,
without limitation:

● Requiring reimbursement of cash Incentive Compensation previously paid;

● Seeking recovery of any gain realized on the vesting, exercise, settlement, sale, transfer, or other disposition of any equity-based awards;

● Offsetting the recouped amount from any compensation otherwise owed by the Company to the Covered Executive in accordance with applicable

law;

● Cancelling outstanding vested or unvested equity awards; and/or

● Taking any other remedial and recovery action permitted by law, as determined by the Compensation Committee.

No Indemnification

The  Company  shall  not  indemnify  any  Covered  Executives  against  the  loss  of  any  Incentive  Compensation  recovered  under  this  Policy  or  from  any
consequence arising therefrom.

Interpretation

The Compensation Committee is authorized to interpret and construe this Policy and to make all determinations necessary, appropriate or advisable for the
administration  of  this  Policy.  It  is  intended  that  this  Policy  be  interpreted  in  a  manner  that  is  consistent  with  the  requirements  of  Section  10D  of  the
Exchange Act, Rule 10D-1, any applicable rules or standards adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission or Nasdaq.

Effective Date

This Policy shall be effective as of the date it is adopted by the Board (the “Effective Date”) and, in accordance with Nasdaq Rule 5608(e), shall apply to
Incentive Compensation that is received by Covered Executives on or after October 2, 2023.

Amendment; Termination

The Board may amend this Policy from time to time in its discretion and shall amend this Policy as it deems necessary to reflect regulations adopted by the
Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 10D of the Exchange Act and to comply with any rules or standards adopted by Nasdaq. The Board
may terminate this Policy at any time.

3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Recoupment Rights

The Board intends that this Policy will be applied to the fullest extent of the law. The Board or Compensation Committee may require that any employment
agreement, equity award agreement, or similar agreement entered into or amended on or after the Effective Date shall, as a condition to the grant of any
benefit thereunder, require a Covered Executive to agree to abide by the terms of this Policy. Any right of recoupment under this Policy is in addition to,
and not in lieu of: (a) any other remedies or rights of recoupment that may be available to the Company pursuant to the terms of any similar policy in any
employment  agreement,  equity  award  agreement  or  similar  agreement  and  any  other  legal  remedies  available  to  the  Company,  including  termination  of
employment or institution of legal proceedings; and (b) any statutory recoupment requirement, including Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2022.
For the avoidance of doubt, any amounts paid to the Company pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2022 shall be considered (and may be
credited) in determining any amounts recovered under this Policy.

Impracticability

The  Compensation  Committee  shall  recover  any  excess  Incentive  Compensation  in  accordance  with  this  Policy  unless  such  recovery  would  be
impracticable,  as  determined  in  accordance  with  Rule  10D-1(b)(1)(iv)  under  the  Exchange  Act  and  the  listing  standards  of  Nasdaq.  In  order  for  the
Company to determine that recovery would be impracticable, the Company’s Compensation Committee must conclude the following:

a) The  direct  expense  paid  to  a  third  party  to  assist  in  enforcing  this  Policy  would  exceed  the  amount  to  be  recovered  after  making  a  reasonable
attempt  to  recover  such  Incentive  Compensation.  Note  that  the  attempt(s)  to  recover  must  be  documented  by  the  Company  and  such
documentation provided to Nasdaq;

b) Recovery would violate home country law where that law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022. Note that the Company must obtain a legal

opinion of home country counsel that such recovery would result in a violation of local law and provide such opinion to Nasdaq; or

c) Recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan under which benefits are broadly available to Company employees to fail
to meet the requirements for qualified pension, profit-sharing and stock bonus plans under Section 401(a)(13) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code
or the minimum vesting standards under Section 411(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

Successors

This  Policy  shall  be  binding  and  enforceable  against  all  Covered  Executives  and  their  beneficiaries,  heirs,  executors,  administrators  or  other  legal
representatives.

Exhibit Filing

A copy of this Policy shall be filed as an exhibit to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K.

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ATTESTATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF CLAWBACK POLICY FOR
ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC. (the “Company”)

By my signature below, I acknowledge and agree that:

● I have received and read the attached Clawback Policy (this “Policy”) of the Company.

● I hereby agree to abide by all of the terms of this Policy both during and after my employment with the Company, including, without limitation, by
promptly repaying or returning any incorrectly awarded Incentive Compensation to the Company as determined in accordance with this Policy.

Signature:

Printed Name:   

Date:

Clawback Policy Acknowledgment