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Organovo Holdings Inc

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FY2023 Annual Report · Organovo Holdings Inc
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
☒

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from           to           

Commission File No. 001-35996

ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

11555 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 100
San Diego, CA
(Address of principal executive offices)

27-1488943

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

92121
(Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 858-224-1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

Trading Symbol 
ONVO

Name of each exchange on which registered
The Nasdaq Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes ☐  No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or 

for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this 

chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the 

definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer

☐  
☒  

Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

☐
☒
☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting 

standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under 

Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or 
issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an 

error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s 

executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates based on the closing stock price as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market on September 30, 

2022, the last trading day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter, was $16,721,329. For purposes of this computation only, shares of common stock held by each executive officer, director, and 
10% or greater stockholders have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed affiliates.

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, as of June 1, 2023 was 8,716,953.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain information required for Part III of this report is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of the registrant’s stockholders, 

expected to be filed within 120 days of the end of the registrant’s fiscal year.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auditor Firm Id:

199

Auditor Name: 

Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.

Auditor Location:

San Diego, CA

 
 
 
 
Organovo Holdings, Inc. 

Annual Report on Form 10-K 

For the Year Ended March 31, 2023 

Table of Contents 

Important Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

PART I

Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

PART II

Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.

PART III

Item 10. 
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.

  Business
  Risk Factors
  Unresolved Staff Comments
  Properties
  Legal Proceedings
  Mine Safety Disclosures

  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
  [Reserved]
  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
  Consolidated Financial Statements
  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
  Controls and Procedures
  Other Information
  Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
  Executive Compensation
  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
  Principal Accountant Fees and Services

PART IV  

Item 15.

  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 

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Important Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 

Portions of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (including information incorporated by reference) (“Annual Report”) include “forward-looking statements” 
within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, based on our current beliefs, 
expectations and projections regarding any strategic transaction process; the ability to advance our research and development activities and pursue 
development of any of our pipeline products; our technology; our product and service development opportunities and timelines; our business strategies; 
customer acceptance and the market potential of our technology; products and services; our future capital requirements; our future financial performance; 
and other matters. This includes, in particular, Item 1. “Business” and Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results 
of Operations” of this Annual Report, as well as other portions of this Annual Report. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “could,” 
“would,” and similar expressions, among others, generally identify “forward-looking statements,” which speak only as of the date the statements were 
made. The matters discussed in these forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to 
differ materially from those projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. As a result, you should not place undue reliance on any 
forward-looking statements. The most significant of these risks, uncertainties and other factors are described in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual 
Report. Except to the limited extent required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as 
a result of new information, future events or otherwise. 

1

Item 1. Business. 

Overview 

PART I 

Organovo Holdings, Inc. (“Organovo Holdings,” “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “our Company”) is a biotechnology company that focuses on 
building high fidelity, 3D tissues that recapitulate key aspects of human disease. We use these models to identify gene targets responsible for driving the 
disease and intend to initiate drug discovery programs around these validated targets. We are initially focusing on the intestine and have ongoing 3D tissue 
development efforts in ulcerative colitis (“UC”) and Crohn’s disease (“CD”). We intend to add additional tissues/diseases/targets to our portfolio over time. 
In line with these plans, we are building upon both our external and in-house scientific expertise, which will be essential to our drug development effort. 

We use our proprietary technology to build functional 3D human tissues that mimic key aspects of native human tissue composition, architecture, function 
and disease. Our advances include cell type-specific compartments, prevalent intercellular tight junctions, and the formation of microvascular structures. 
We believe these attributes can enable critical complex, multicellular disease models that can be used to develop clinically effective drugs across multiple 
therapeutic areas.

Our NovoGen Bioprinters® are automated devices that enable the fabrication of 3D living tissues comprised of mammalian cells. We believe that the use of 
our bioprinting platform as well as complementary 3D technologies will allow us to develop an understanding of disease biology that leads to validated 
novel drug targets and therapeutics to those targets to treat disease. 

The majority of our current focus is on inflammatory bowel disease (“IBD”), including CD and UC.  We are creating high fidelity disease models, 
leveraging our prior work including the work found in our peer-reviewed publication on bioprinted intestinal tissues (Madden et al. Bioprinted 3D Primary 
Human Intestinal Tissues Model Aspects of Native Physiology and ADME/Tox Functions. iScience. 2018 Apr 27;2:156-167. doi: 
10.1016/j.isci.2018.03.015.)  Our current understanding of intestinal tissue models and IBD disease models leads us to believe that we can create models 
that provide greater insight into the biology of these diseases than are generally currently available.  Using these disease models, we intend to identify and 
validate novel therapeutic targets.  After finding therapeutic drug targets, we will focus on developing novel small molecule, antibody, or other therapeutic 
drug candidates to treat the disease, and advance these drug candidates towards an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) filing and potential future clinical 
trials. We may also form partnerships around the development of targets or therapeutics for the treatment of IBD. 

In March of 2023, we entered into and closed an asset purchase agreement with Metacrine, Inc to acquire their farnesoid X receptor ("FXR") program. 
FXR is a mediator of gastrointestinal ("GI") and liver diseases. FXR agonism has been tested in a variety of preclinical models of IBD.  The acquired 
program contains two clinically tested compounds and over 2,000 discovery or preclinical compounds.   

We expect to broaden our work into additional therapeutic areas over time and are currently exploring specific tissues for development.  In our work to 
identify the areas of interest, we evaluate areas that might be better served with 3D disease models than currently available models as well as the 
commercial opportunity.

We hold a large and diverse patent portfolio related to our bioprinting platform and complementary 3D technologies. The strength of this patent portfolio, 
the fact that it was created early in the bioprinting revolution and growth in the bioprinting industry have made for an attractive business opportunity for us. 
We are now beginning to invest resources to explore and expand business and revenue opportunities from the leveraging of our patent portfolio.

Our Platform Technology 

Our 3D human tissue platform is multifaceted. We approach each tissue agnostic to specific technologies, and intend to apply the best 3D technology to a 
given disease. We are developing novel disease models using high throughput systems, bioprinted and flow/stretch capable 3D systems as appropriate. Our 
proprietary NovoGen Bioprinters® and related technologies for preparing bio-inks and bioprinting multicellular tissues with complex architecture are 
grounded in over a decade of peer-reviewed scientific publications, deriving originally from research led by Dr. Gabor Forgacs, one of our founders and a 
former George H. Vineyard Professor of Biological Physics at the University of Missouri-Columbia (“MU”). We have a broad portfolio of intellectual 
property rights covering the principles, enabling instrumentation, applications, tissue constructs and methods of cell-based printing, including exclusive 
licenses to certain patented and patent pending technologies from MU and Clemson University. We own or exclusively license more than 160 patents and 
pending applications worldwide covering specific tissue designs, uses, and methods of manufacture.

The NovoGen Bioprinter® Platform 

Our NovoGen Bioprinters® are automated devices that enable the fabrication of 3D living tissues comprised of mammalian cells. A custom graphic user 
interface (“GUI”) facilitates the 3D design and execution of scripts that direct precision movement of multiple 

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dispensing heads to deposit defined cellular building blocks called bio-ink. Bio-ink can be formulated as a 100% cellular composition or as a mixture of 
cells and other matter (hydrogels, particles). Our NovoGen Bioprinters® can also dispense pure hydrogel formulations, provided the physical properties of 
the hydrogel are compatible with the dispensing parameters. Most typically, hydrogels are deployed to create void spaces within specific locations in a 3D 
tissue or to aid in the deposition of specific cell types. We are able to employ a wide variety of proprietary cell- and hydrogel-based bio-inks in the 
fabrication of tissues. Our NovoGen Bioprinters® also serve as important components of our tissue prototyping and manufacturing platform, as they are 
able to rapidly and precisely fabricate intricate small-scale tissue models for in vitro use as well as larger-scale tissues suitable for in vivo use. 

Generation of bio-ink comprising human cells is the first step in our standard bioprinting. A wide variety of cells and cell-laden hydrogels can be 
formulated into bio-ink and bioprinted tissues, including cell lines, primary cells, and stem/progenitor cells. The majority of tissue designs employ two or 
more distinct varieties of bio-ink, usually comprised of cells that represent distinct compartments within a target tissue. For example, a 3D liver tissue 
might consist of two to three distinct bio-inks that are each made from a single cell type, a combination of cell types, and/or a combination of primary cells 
and one or more bio-inert hydrogels that serve as physical supports for the bioprinted tissue during its maturation period, or to transiently occupy negative 
spaces in a tissue design. 

Research Collaborations 

We continue to collaborate with several academic institutions by providing them with access to our NovoGen Bioprinters® for research purposes, including: 
Yale School of Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, and the University of Virginia. We believe that the use of our 
bioprinting platform by major research institutions may help to advance the capabilities of the platform and generate new applications for bioprinted 
tissues. In prior instances, an academic institution or other third party provided funding to support the academic collaborator’s access to our technology 
platform. This funding was typically reflected as collaboration revenues in our financial statements. Our academic research collaborations typically involve 
both parties contributing resources directly to projects. We are not currently generating any revenues from these collaborations.

Intellectual Property 

We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, confidential know-how, copyrights and a variety of contractual mechanisms such as 
confidentiality, material transfer, licenses, research collaboration, limited technology access, and invention assignment agreements, to protect our 
intellectual property. Our intellectual property portfolio for our core technology was initially built through licenses from MU and the Medical University of 
South Carolina. We subsequently expanded our intellectual property portfolio by filing our own patent and trademark applications worldwide and 
negotiating additional licenses and purchases.

On an ongoing basis we review and analyze our full intellectual property portfolio to align it with our current business needs, strategies and objectives.  
Based on that ongoing review, selected patents and patent applications in various countries are or will be abandoned or allowed to lapse.  The numbers 
provided herein are reflective of those changes.

We solely own or hold exclusive licenses to 32 issued U.S. patents and more than 115 issued international patents in foreign jurisdictions including 
Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, the Netherlands and Switzerland. We solely or 
jointly own or hold exclusive licenses to 17 pending U.S. patent applications and more than 5 pending international applications in foreign jurisdictions 
including Australia, Canada, China, the European Patent Office, Japan and South Korea. These patent families relate to our bioprinting technology and our 
engineered tissue products and services, including our various uses in areas of tissue creation, in vitro testing, utilization in drug discovery, and in vivo 
therapeutics.

In connection with the recent acquisition of the FXR program from Metacrine, we acquired the related patent portfolio by way of assignment.  This 
includes filings on the lead candidate, FXR314, and selected filings on the prior candidate (no longer in development), FXR125. With respect to this FXR 
portfolio, we solely own 6 issued patents and 14 international patents in jurisdictions, including Australia, China, Eurasia, India, Israel, Mexico, Japan and 
South Africa. We solely own 8 pending U.S. patent applications and more than 50 pending international applications in foreign jurisdictions, including 
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Canada, Eurasia, Europe, Israel, India, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, Hong Kong 
and Taiwan.  These patent families relate to FXR125 and FXR314, including generic coverage, species coverage, methods of use, formulations and 
polymorph crystals.

In-Licensed Intellectual Property

In 2009 and 2010, we obtained world-wide exclusive licenses to intellectual property owned by MU and the Medical University of South Carolina, which 
now includes 7 issued U.S. patents, 2 pending U.S. applications and 16 issued international patents. Dr. Gabor Forgacs, one of our founders and a former 
George H. Vineyard Professor of Biophysics at MU, was one of the co-inventors of all of these works (collectively, the “Forgacs Intellectual Property”). 
The Forgacs Intellectual Property provides us with intellectual property rights relating to cellular aggregates, the use of cellular aggregates to create 
engineered tissues, and the use of cellular aggregates to 

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create engineered tissue with no scaffold present. The intellectual property rights derived from the Forgacs Intellectual Property also enables us to utilize 
our NovoGen Bioprinter® to create engineered tissues. 

In 2011, we obtained an exclusive license to a U.S. patent (U.S. Patent No. 7,051,654) owned by the Clemson University Research Foundation that 
provides us with intellectual property rights relating to methods of using ink-jet printer technology to dispense cells and relating to the creation of matrices 
of bioprinted cells on gel materials. 

In connection with the acquisition of the FXR program from Metacrine in 2023, we were assigned and assumed a license agreement with the Salk Institute 
for Biological Studies requiring milestone and royalty payments based on the development and commercialization of FXR314.

The patent rights we obtained through these exclusive licenses are not only foundational within the field of 3D bioprinting and FXR agonist therapies but 
provide us with favorable priority dates. We are required to make ongoing royalty payments under these exclusive licenses based on net sales of products 
and services that rely on the intellectual property we in-licensed. For additional information regarding our royalty obligations see “Note 5. Collaborative 
Research, Development, and License Agreements” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.

Company Owned Intellectual Property

In addition to the intellectual property we have in-licensed, we have historically innovated and grown our intellectual property portfolio.

With respect to our bioprinting platform, we have 8 issued U.S. patents and 14 issued foreign patents directed to our NovoGen  Bioprinter® and methods of 
bioprinting: U.S. Patent Nos. 8,931,880; 9,149,952; 9,227,339; 9,315,043; 9,499,779; 9,855,369; 10,174,276, 10,967,560, 11,577,450, 11,577,451 and 
11,413,805 ; Australia Patent Nos. 2011318437, 2015202836, 2016253591, 2013249569, and 2014296246; Canada Patent No. 2,812,766; China Patent 
Nos. ZL201180050831.4 and ZL201480054148.1; European Patent Nos. 2838985, 2629975, and 3028042; Japan Patent Nos. 6333231, 6566426 and 
6842918, and Russian Patent No. 2560393. These issued patents and pending patent applications carry remaining patent terms ranging from over 12 years 
to just over 6 years. We have additional U.S. continuation applications pending in these families as well foreign counterpart applications in multiple 
countries.

Our ExVive™ Human Liver Tissue is protected by U.S. Patent Nos. 9,222,932, 9,442,105, 10,400,219 and 11,127,774; Australia Patent Nos. 2014236780 
and 2017200691; and Canada Patent No. 2,903,844. Our ExVive™ Human Kidney Tissue is protected by U.S. Patent Nos. 9,481,868, 10,094,821 and 
10,962,526; Australian Patent No. 2015328173, Canadian Patent No. 2,962,778, European Patent No. 3204488 and Japan Patent No. 7021177. These 
issued patents and pending patent applications carry remaining patent terms ranging from over 14 years to just over 11 years. We have additional U.S. 
patent applications pending in these families, as well as foreign counterpart applications in multiple countries. We currently have pending numerous patent 
applications in the U.S. and globally that are directed to additional features on bioprinters, additional tissue types, their methods of fabrication, and specific 
applications.

Our U.S. Patent Nos. 9,855,369 and 9,149,952, which relate to our bioprinter technology, were the subject of IPR proceedings filed by Cellink AB and its 
subsidiaries (collectively, “BICO Group AB”), one of our competitors. Likewise, U.S. Patent Nos. 9,149,952, 9,855,369, 8,931,880, 9,227,339, 9,315,043 
and 10,967,560 (all assigned to Organovo, Inc.) and U.S. Patent Nos. 7,051,654, 8,241,905, 8,852,932 and 9,752,116 (assigned to Clemson University and 
the University of Missouri, respectively) were implicated in a declaratory judgment complaint filed against Organovo, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary, 
by BICO Group AB and certain of its subsidiaries in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. All of these matters have since been 
settled in a favorable manner for the Company. Specifically, on February 23, 2022, we announced an agreement of a non-exclusive license for BICO Group 
AB and its affiliate companies to Organovo’s foundational patent portfolio in 3D bioprinting. For more information regarding these proceedings, see the 
section titled Part I, Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

With respect to our FXR agonist program covering FXR314 and FXR125, we have 6 issued U.S. patents and 14 issued foreign patents directed to 
composition of matter protection (generic and specific) for FXR314 and FXR125, as well claims directed to methods of treatment of GI diseases, 
formulations of FXR314 and polymorphs of the FXR314 molecule including United States Patent Nos.11,214,538, 10,705,712, 10,927,082, 10,961,198, 
11,136,071 and 11,084,817, granted Australian Patent Nos. 2016323992 and 2018236275, Chinese Patent Nos. 201680066917 and 269065, Eurasian Patent 
Nos. 040003 and 040704, Israeli Patent Nos. 258011, 296068 and 296065, Indian Patent No. 380510, Japanese Patent Nos. 6905530 and 717709, Mexican 
Patent Nos. 386,752 and 397265 and South African Patent No. 2018/01750.  In addition, we have 8 pending U.S. patent applications and over 50 pending 
foreign patent applications, including U.S. Patent Application Nos. 18/156,069, 17/532,618, 18/174,393, 17/349,757, 17/276,787, 17/906,580, 17/906,582 
and 17/906,585 and over 50 pending international patent applications in a number of countries including, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, the 
Eurasian Patent Office, the European Patent Office, Israel, India, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Singapore, 

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Philippines and Hong Kong. These issued patents and pending patent applications carry remaining patent terms ranging from over 18 years to just over 15 
years. 

Employees and Human Capital

As of June 1, 2023, we had 24 employees, of which 15 are full-time. We have also retained some of our former employees as consultants, in addition to a 
number of expert consultants in specific scientific and operational areas. Our employees are not represented by labor unions or covered under any 
collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

Our human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and additional 
employees. The principal purposes of our equity incentive plans are to attract, retain and motivate selected employees, consultants and directors through the 
granting of equity-based compensation awards.

5

Corporate Information

We are operating the business of our subsidiaries, including Organovo, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, which we acquired in February 2012. Organovo, 
Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in April 2007. Our common stock has traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “ONVO” since 
August 8, 2016 and our common stock currently trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Prior to that time, it traded on the NYSE MKT under the symbol 
“ONVO” and prior to that was quoted on the OTC Market.

Our principal executive offices are located at 11555 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 100, San Diego CA 92121 and our phone number is (858) 224-1000. Our 
Internet website can be found at http://www.organovo.com. The content of our website is not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual 
Report or in any other report or document that we file.

Available Information 

Our investor relations website is located at http://ir.organovo.com. We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended (the “Exchange Act”). Reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to the Exchange Act, including annual 
and quarterly reports, and other reports we file, are available free of charge, through our website. The content of our website is not intended to be 
incorporated by reference into this Annual Report or in any other report or document that we file. We make them available on our website as soon as 
reasonably possible after we file them with the SEC. The reports we file with the SEC are also available on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov).

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Item 1A. Risk Factors. 

Investment in our common stock involves a substantial degree of risk and should be regarded as speculative. As a result, the purchase of our common stock 
should be considered only by persons who can reasonably afford to lose their entire investment. Before you elect to purchase our common stock, you should 
carefully consider the risk and uncertainties described below in addition to the other information incorporated herein by reference. Additional risks and 
uncertainties of which we are unaware or which we currently believe are immaterial could also materially adversely affect our business, financial 
condition or results of operations. If any of the risks or uncertainties discussed in this Annual Report occur, our business, prospects, liquidity, financial 
condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, in which case the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you 
could lose all or part of your investment.

Risk Factor Summary 

Below is a summary of the principal factors that make an investment in our common stock speculative or risky. This summary does not address all of the 
risks that we face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized in this risk factor summary, and other risks that we face, can be found below and should 
be carefully considered, together with other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission before making investment decisions regarding our common stock.

• We will incur substantial additional operating losses over the next several years as our research and development activities increase.

•

•

Using our platform technology to develop human tissues and disease models for drug discovery and development is new and unproven.

As we pursue drug development through 3D tissues and disease models, we will require access to a constant, steady, reliable supply of human 
cells to support our development activities.

• We may require substantial additional funding. Raising additional capital would cause dilution to our existing stockholders and may restrict 

our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or to a product candidate.

•

•

•

Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with uncertain timelines and uncertain outcomes, and results of earlier 
studies and trials may not be predictive of future results. 

The near and long-term viability of our drug discovery and development efforts will depend on our ability to successfully establish strategic 
relationships.

Current and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost of commercializing our drug candidates and may affect the prices we may 
obtain if our drug candidates are approved for commercialization.

• Management has performed an analysis and concluded that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern. 

Separately, our independent registered public accounting firm has included in its opinion for the year ended March 31, 2023 an explanatory 
paragraph expressing substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern, which may hinder our ability to obtain future 
financing.

•

Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available to 
us on a timely basis, we may be required to curtail or cease our operations.

• We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.

•

There is no assurance that an active market in our common stock will continue at present levels or increase in the future.

7

 
•

•

The price of our common stock may continue to be volatile, which could lead to losses by investors and costly securities litigation.

Patents covering our products could be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged in court or before administrative bodies in the United 
States or abroad.

• We may be involved in lawsuits or other proceedings to protect or enforce our patents or the patents of our licensors, which could be 

expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful.

Risks Related to our Business 

We are a biotechnology company focusing on 3D bioprinting technology to develop human tissues and disease models for drug discovery and 
development, which is an unproven business strategy that may never achieve profitability.

We are focusing our efforts on utilizing our 3D bioprinting technology to develop human tissues and disease models for drug discovery and development. 
Our success will depend upon the viability of our platform technology and any disease models we develop, as well as on our ability to determine which 
drug candidates we should pursue. Our success will also depend on our ability to select an appropriate development strategy for any drug candidates we 
identify, including internal development or partnering or licensing arrangements with pharmaceutical companies. We may not be able to partner or license 
our drug candidates. We may never achieve profitability, or even if we achieve profitability, we may not be able to maintain or increase our profitability.

We will incur substantial additional operating losses over the next several years as our research and development activities increase.

We will incur substantial additional operating losses over the next several years as our research and development activities increase. The amount of future 
losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other 
things:

•

•

•

•

•

successfully developing human tissues and disease models for drug discovery and development that enable us to identify drug candidates;

successfully outsourcing certain portions of our development efforts;

entering into partnering or licensing arrangements with pharmaceutical companies to further develop and conduct clinical trials for any drug 
candidates we identify;

obtaining any necessary regulatory approval for any drug candidates we identify; and

raising sufficient funds to finance our activities and long-term business plan.

We might not succeed at any of these undertakings. If we are unsuccessful at one or more of these undertakings, our business, prospects, and results of 
operations will be materially adversely affected. 

Using our platform technology to develop human tissues and disease models for drug discovery and development is new and unproven.

Utilizing our 3D bioprinting platform technology to develop human tissues and disease models for drug discovery and development will involve new and 
unproven technologies, disease models and approaches, each of which is subject to the risk associated with new and evolving technologies. To date, we 
have not identified or developed any drug candidates utilizing our new business model. Our future success will depend on our ability to utilize our 3D 
bioprinting platform to develop human tissues and disease models that will enable us to identify and develop viable drug candidates. We may experience 
unforeseen technical complications, unrecognized defects and limitations in our technology or our ability to develop disease models or identify viable drug 
candidates. These complications could materially delay or substantially increase the anticipated costs and time to identify and develop viable drug 
candidates, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition and our ability to continue operations.

We will face intense competition in our drug discovery efforts. 

The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry is subject to intense competition and rapid and significant technological change. There are many potential 
competitors for the disease indications we may pursue, including major drug companies, specialized biotechnology firms, academic institutions, 
government agencies and private and public research institutions. Many of these competitors have significantly greater financial and technical resources, 
experience and expertise in the following areas than we have, including:

•

research and technology development;

8

 
 
 
•

•

•

•

development of or access to disease models;

identification and development of drug candidates;

regulatory processes and approvals; and

identifying and entering into agreements with potential collaborators.

Principal competitive factors in our industry include: the quality, scientific and technical support, management and the execution of drug development and 
regulatory approval strategies; skill and experience of employees, including the ability to recruit and retain skilled, experienced employees; intellectual 
property portfolio; range of capabilities, including drug identification, development and regulatory approval; and the availability of substantial capital 
resources to fund these activities.

In order to effectively compete, we may need to make substantial investments in our research and technology development, drug candidate identification 
and development, testing and regulatory approval and licensing and business development activities. There is no assurance that we will be successful in 
discovering effective drug candidates using our 3D bioprinted tissues or disease models. Our technologies and drug development plans also may be 
rendered obsolete or noncompetitive as a result of drugs, intellectual property, technologies, products and services introduced by competitors. Any of these 
risks may prevent us from building a successful drug discovery business or entering into a strategic partnership or collaboration related to, any drug 
candidates we identify on favorable terms, or at all. 

As we pursue drug development through 3D tissues and disease models, we will require access to a constant, steady, reliable supply of human cells to 
support our development activities.

As we pursue drug development through 3D tissues and disease models, we will require access to a constant, steady, reliable supply of human cells to 
support our 3D tissue development activities. We purchase human cells from selected third-party suppliers based on quality assurance, cost effectiveness, 
and regulatory requirements. We need to continue to identify additional sources of qualified human cells and there can be no guarantee that we will be able 
to access the quantity and quality of raw materials needed at a cost-effective price. Any failure to obtain a reliable supply of sufficient human cells or a 
supply at cost effective prices would harm our business and our results of operations and could cause us to be unable to support our drug development 
efforts.

Our business will be adversely impacted if we are unable to successfully attract, hire and integrate key additional employees or contractors.

Our future success depends in part on our ability to successfully attract and then retain key additional executive officers and other key employees and 
contractors to support our drug discovery plans. Recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and clinical personnel is critical to our success. Competition to 
hire qualified personnel in our industry is intense, and we may be unable to hire, train, retain or motivate these key personnel on acceptable terms given the 
competition among numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for similar personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain high quality 
personnel, our ability to pursue our drug discovery business will be limited, and our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may 
be adversely affected.

We may require substantial additional funding. Raising additional capital would cause dilution to our existing stockholders and may restrict our 
operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or to a product candidate.

We currently do not have any committed external source of funds and do not expect to generate any meaningful revenue in the foreseeable future. Our 
existing cash, cash equivalents and interest thereon is expected to be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements for at least the next 12 months. 
We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we may use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect 
if our operating plans change. If our board of directors decides that we should pursue further research and development activities than already proposed, we 
will require substantial additional funding to operate our proposed business, including expanding our facilities and hiring additional qualified personnel, 
and we would expect to finance these cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, government or other third-party funding and 
licensing or collaboration arrangements. 

To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt, the ownership interests of our stockholders will be diluted. In 
addition, the terms of any equity or convertible debt we agree to issue may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our 
stockholders. Convertible debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific 
actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, and declaring dividends, and may impose limitations on our ability to acquire, sell 
or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. Moreover, we have 
the ability to sell up to $28.3 million of additional shares of our common stock to the public through an “at the market” offering pursuant to a Sales 
Agreement that 

9

 
 
we entered into with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Jones Trading Institutional Services LLC on March 16, 2018 (the "Sales Agreement"). Any shares 
of common stock issued in the at-the-market offering will result in dilution to our existing stockholders.

We currently have an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which we may 
use to offer from time to time any combination of debt securities, common and preferred stock and warrants. On March 16, 2018, we entered into the Sales 
Agreement pursuant to which we have the ability to sell up to $28.3 million of additional shares of our common stock to the public through an “at the 
market” offering. In the event that the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates (“public float”) is less than $75.0 million, the 
amount we can raise through primary public offerings of securities, including sales under the Sales Agreement, in any twelve-month period using shelf 
registration statements is limited to an aggregate of one-third of our public float. As of June 1, 2023, our public float was less than $75.0 million, and 
therefore we are limited to an aggregate of one-third of our public float in the amount we could raise through primary public offerings of securities in any 
twelve-month period using shelf registration statements. Although we would still maintain the ability to raise funds through other means, such as through 
the filing of a registration statement on Form S-1 or in private placements, the rules and regulations of the SEC or any other regulatory agencies may 
restrict our ability to conduct certain types of financing activities, or may affect the timing of and amounts we can raise by undertaking such activities.

Further, additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available to us on a 
timely basis, we may be required to curtail or cease our operations. Raising additional funding through debt or equity financing is likely to be difficult or 
unavailable altogether given the early stage of our technology and any drug candidates we identify. Furthermore, the issuance of additional securities, 
whether equity or debt, by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline further and existing 
stockholders may not agree with our financing plans or the terms of such financings. 

Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with uncertain timelines and uncertain outcomes, and results of earlier studies and 
trials may not be predictive of future results. 

Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any drug candidates we identify, any such drug candidates must undergo 
extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the drug candidates in humans. Human clinical testing is expensive and can take many 
years to complete, and we cannot be certain that any clinical trials will be conducted as planned or completed on schedule, if at all. We may elect to 
complete this testing, or some portion thereof, internally or enter into a partnering or development agreement with a pharmaceutical company to complete 
these trials. Our inability, or the inability of any third party with whom we enter into a partnering or development agreement, to successfully complete 
preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and negatively impact our ability to generate revenues or receive development or 
milestone payments. Our future success is dependent on our ability, or the ability of any pharmaceutical company with whom we enter into a partnering or 
development agreement, to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for, and then successfully commercialize any drug candidates we identify. 

Any drug candidates we identify will require additional clinical development, management of clinical, preclinical and manufacturing activities, regulatory 
approval in applicable jurisdictions, achieving and maintaining commercial-scale supply, building of a commercial organization, substantial investment and 
significant marketing efforts. We are not permitted to market or promote any of our drug candidates before we receive regulatory approval from the U.S. 
Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, and we may never receive such regulatory approval for any of our 
drug candidates. 

We, or any third party with whom we enter into a partnering or development agreement, may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result 
of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent our ability to earn development or milestone payments or for any drug candidates to obtain regulatory 
approval, including:

•

•

•

•

delays in or failure to reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations (“CROs”) and clinical sites, the 
terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;

failure to obtain sufficient enrollment in clinical trials or participants may fail to complete clinical trials;

clinical trials of our drug candidates that may produce negative or inconclusive results, and as a result we, or any pharmaceutical company with 
who we enter into a partnering or development agreement, may decide, or regulators may require, additional clinical trials;

suspension or termination of clinical research, either by us, any third party with whom we enter into a partnering or development agreement, 
regulators or institutional review boards, for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements or a finding that the 
participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;

10

 
•

•

•

•

•

additional or unanticipated clinical trials required by regulators or institutional review boards to obtain approval or any drug candidates may be 
subject to additional post-marketing testing requirements to maintain regulatory approval;

regulators may revise the requirements for approving any drug candidates, or such requirements may not be as anticipated;

the cost of clinical trials for any drug candidates may be greater than anticipated;

the supply or quality of any drug candidates or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our drug candidates may be insufficient or 
inadequate or may be delayed; and

regulatory authorities may suspend or withdraw their approval of a product or impose restrictions on its distribution;

If we, or any third party with whom we enter into a partnering or development agreement, experience delays in the completion of, or termination of, any 
clinical trial of any drug candidates that we develop, or are unable to achieve clinical endpoints due to unforeseen events, the commercial prospects of our 
drug candidates will be harmed, and our ability to develop milestones, development fees or product revenues from any of these drug candidates will be 
delayed.

We will rely upon third-party contractors and service providers for the execution of critical aspects of any future development programs. Failure of 
these collaborators to provide services of a suitable quality and within acceptable timeframes may cause the delay or failure of any future development 
programs.

We plan to outsource certain functions, tests and services to CROs, medical institutions and collaborators as well as outsource manufacturing to 
collaborators and/or contract manufacturers, and we will rely on third parties for quality assurance, clinical monitoring, clinical data management and 
regulatory expertise. We may elect, in the future, to engage a CRO to run all aspects of a clinical trial on our behalf. There is no assurance that such 
individuals or organizations will be able to provide the functions, tests, biologic supply or services as agreed upon or in a quality fashion and we could 
suffer significant delays in the development of our drug candidates or development programs.

In some cases, there may be only one or few providers of such services, including clinical data management or manufacturing services. In addition, the cost 
of such services could be significantly increased over time. We may rely on third parties and collaborators to enroll qualified patients and conduct, 
supervise and monitor our clinical trials. Our reliance on these third parties and collaborators for clinical development activities reduces our control over 
these activities. Our reliance on these parties, however, does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities, including ensuring that our clinical trials are 
conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (“GCP”) regulations and the investigational plan and protocols contained in the regulatory agency 
applications. In addition, these third parties may not complete activities on schedule or may not manufacture under Current Good Manufacturing Practice 
(“cGMP”) conditions. Preclinical or clinical studies may not be performed or completed in accordance with Good Laboratory Practices (“GLP”) regulatory 
requirements or our trial design. If these third parties or collaborators do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, 
obtaining regulatory approval for manufacturing and commercialization of our drug candidates may be delayed or prevented. We may rely substantially on 
third-party data managers for our clinical trial data. There is no assurance that these third parties will not make errors in the design, management or 
retention of our data or data systems. There is no assurance these third parties will pass FDA or regulatory audits, which could delay or prohibit regulatory 
approval.

In addition, we will exercise limited control over our third-party partners and vendors, which makes us vulnerable to any errors, interruptions or delays in 
their operations. If these third parties experience any service disruptions, financial distress or other business disruption, or difficulties meeting our 
requirements or standards, it could make it difficult for us to operate some aspects of our business. 

The near and long-term viability of our drug discovery and development efforts will depend on our ability to successfully establish strategic 
relationships.

The near and long-term viability of our drug discovery and development efforts depend in part on our ability to successfully establish new strategic 
partnering, collaboration and licensing arrangements with biotechnology companies, pharmaceutical companies, universities, hospitals, insurance 
companies and or government agencies. Establishing strategic relationships is difficult and time-consuming. Potential partners and collaborators may not 
enter into relationships with us based upon their assessment of our technology or drug candidates or our financial, regulatory or intellectual property 
position. If we fail to establish a sufficient number of strategic relationships on acceptable terms, we may not be able to develop and obtain regulatory 
approval for our drug candidates or generate sufficient revenue to fund further research and development efforts. Even if we establish new strategic 
relationships, these relationships may never result in the successful development or regulatory approval for any drug candidates we identify for a number of 
reasons both within and outside of our control.

11

Investors’ expectations of our performance relating to environmental, social and governance factors may impose additional costs and expose us to new 
risks.

There is an increasing focus from certain investors, employees, regulators and other stakeholders concerning corporate responsibility, specifically related to 
environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) factors. Some investors and investor advocacy groups may use these factors to guide investment strategies 
and, in some cases, investors may choose not to invest in our company if they believe our policies relating to corporate responsibility are inadequate. Third-
party providers of corporate responsibility ratings and reports on companies have increased to meet growing investor demand for measurement of corporate 
responsibility performance, and a variety of organizations currently measure the performance of companies on such ESG topics, and the results of these 
assessments are widely publicized. Investors, particularly institutional investors, use these ratings to benchmark companies against their peers and if we are 
perceived as lagging with respect to ESG initiatives, certain investors may engage with us to improve ESG disclosures or performance and may also make 
voting decisions, or take other actions, to hold us and our board of directors accountable. In addition, the criteria by which our corporate responsibility 
practices are assessed may change, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. 
If we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria, investors may conclude that our policies with respect to corporate responsibility are inadequate. 
We may face reputational damage in the event that our corporate responsibility procedures or standards do not meet the standards set by various 
constituencies.

We may face reputational damage in the event our corporate responsibility initiatives or objectives do not meet the standards set by our investors, 
stockholders, lawmakers, listing exchanges or other constituencies, or if we are unable to achieve an acceptable ESG or sustainability rating from third-
party rating services. A low ESG or sustainability rating by a third-party rating service could also result in the exclusion of our common stock from 
consideration by certain investors who may elect to invest with our competition instead. Ongoing focus on corporate responsibility matters by investors and 
other parties as described above may impose additional costs or expose us to new risks. Any failure or perceived failure by us in this regard could have a 
material adverse effect on our reputation and on our business, share price, financial condition, or results of operations, including the sustainability of our 
business over time.

Unstable market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and share price.

As widely reported, in the past several years, global credit and financial markets have experienced volatility and disruptions, including, for example, 
severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and 
uncertainty about economic stability. There can be no assurances that further deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic 
conditions will not occur. Our general business strategy may be adversely affected by any such economic downturn, volatile business environment or 
continued unpredictable and unstable market conditions. If the current equity and credit markets deteriorate, it may make any necessary debt or equity 
financing more difficult, more costly and more dilutive. Failure to secure any necessary financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms could have a 
material adverse effect on our growth strategy, financial performance and share price and could require us to delay or abandon clinical development plans.

The impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the global economy, energy supplies and raw materials is uncertain, but may prove to negatively 
impact our business and operations.

The short and long-term implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine are difficult to predict at this time. We continue to monitor any adverse impact that 
the outbreak of war in Ukraine and the subsequent institution of sanctions against Russia by the United States and several European and Asian countries 
may have on the global economy in general, on our business and operations and on the businesses and operations of our suppliers and other third parties 
with which we conduct business. For example, the continuing conflict has resulted and may continue to result in increased inflation, escalating energy 
prices and constrained availability, and thus increasing costs, of raw materials. We will continue to monitor this fluid situation and develop contingency 
plans as necessary to address any disruptions to our business operations as they develop. To the extent the war in Ukraine may adversely affect our business 
as discussed above, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described herein. Such risks include, but are not limited to, adverse 
effects on macroeconomic conditions, including inflation; disruptions to our technology infrastructure, including through cyberattack, ransom attack, or 
cyber-intrusion; adverse changes in international trade policies and relations; disruptions in global supply chains; and constraints, volatility, or disruption in 
the capital markets, any of which could negatively affect our business and financial condition.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

In the past, we have used hazardous chemicals, biological materials and infectious agents in our business. Any claims relating to improper handling, 
storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and costly.

12

 
 
 
 
Our product manufacturing, research and development, and testing activities have involved the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals, 
biological materials and infectious disease agents. We cannot eliminate the risks of accidental contamination or the accidental spread or discharge of these 
materials, or any resulting injury from such an event. We may be sued for any injury or contamination that results from our use or the use by third parties of 
these materials, and our liability may exceed our insurance coverage and our total assets. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, 
manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these hazardous materials and specified waste products, as well as the discharge of pollutants into the 
environment and human health and safety matters. We were also subject to various laws and regulations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and 
manufacturing practices, and the experimental use of animals. Our operations may have required that environmental permits and approvals be issued by 
applicable government agencies. If we failed to comply with these requirements, we could incur substantial costs, including civil or criminal fines and 
penalties, clean-up costs or capital expenditures for control equipment or operational changes necessary to achieve and maintain compliance.

If we fail to obtain and sustain an adequate level of reimbursement for our potential products by third-party payors, potential future sales would be 
materially adversely affected.

There will be no viable commercial market for our drug candidates, if approved, without reimbursement from third-party payors. Reimbursement policies 
may be affected by future healthcare reform measures. We cannot be certain that reimbursement will be available for our current drug candidates or any 
other drug candidate we may develop. Additionally, even if there is a viable commercial market, if the level of reimbursement is below our expectations, 
our anticipated revenue and gross margins will be adversely affected.

Third-party payors, such as government or private healthcare insurers, carefully review and increasingly question and challenge the coverage of and the 
prices charged for drugs. Reimbursement rates from private health insurance companies vary depending on the Company, the insurance plan and other 
factors. Reimbursement rates may be based on reimbursement levels already set for lower cost drugs and may be incorporated into existing payments for 
other services. There is a current trend in the U.S. healthcare industry toward cost containment.

Large public and private payors, managed care organizations, group purchasing organizations and similar organizations are exerting increasing influence on 
decisions regarding the use of, and reimbursement levels for, particular treatments. Such third-party payors, including Medicare, may question the coverage 
of, and challenge the prices charged for, medical products and services, and many third-party payors limit coverage of or reimbursement for newly 
approved healthcare products. In particular, third-party payors may limit the covered indications. Cost-control initiatives could decrease the price we might 
establish for products, which could result in product revenues being lower than anticipated. We believe our drugs will be priced significantly higher than 
existing generic drugs and consistent with current branded drugs. If we are unable to show a significant benefit relative to existing generic drugs, Medicare, 
Medicaid and private payors may not be willing to provide reimbursement for our drugs, which would significantly reduce the likelihood of our products 
gaining market acceptance.

We expect that private insurers will consider the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, safety and tolerability of our potential products in determining whether to 
approve reimbursement for such products and at what level. Obtaining these approvals can be a time consuming and expensive process. Our business, 
financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected if we do not receive approval for reimbursement of our potential 
products from private insurers on a timely or satisfactory basis. Limitations on coverage could also be imposed at the local Medicare carrier level or by 
fiscal intermediaries. Medicare Part D, which provides a pharmacy benefit to Medicare patients as discussed below, does not require participating 
prescription drug plans to cover all drugs within a class of products. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially 
adversely affected if Part D prescription drug plans were to limit access to, or deny or limit reimbursement of, our drug candidates or other potential 
products.

Reimbursement systems in international markets vary significantly by country and by region, and reimbursement approvals must be obtained on a country-
by-country basis. In many countries, the product cannot be commercially launched until reimbursement is approved. In some foreign markets, prescription 
pharmaceutical pricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. The negotiation process in some countries 
can exceed 12 months. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the 
cost-effectiveness of our products to other available therapies.

If the prices for our potential products are reduced or if governmental and other third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement of 
our drugs, our future revenue, cash flows and prospects for profitability will suffer.

Current and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost of commercializing our drug candidates and may affect the prices we may obtain if 
our drug candidates are approved for commercialization.

13

 
In the U.S. and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of adopted and proposed legislative and regulatory changes regarding the healthcare 
system that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our drug candidates, restrict or regulate post-marketing activities and affect our ability to 
profitably sell any of our drug candidates for which we obtain regulatory approval.

In the U.S., the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (“MMA”) changed the way Medicare covers and pays for 
pharmaceutical products. Cost reduction initiatives and other provisions of this legislation could limit the coverage and reimbursement rate that we receive 
for any of our approved products. While the MMA only applies to drug benefits for Medicare beneficiaries, private payors often follow Medicare coverage 
policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates. Therefore, any reduction in reimbursement that results from the MMA may result 
in a similar reduction in payments from private payors.

In addition, on August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which, among other things, includes policies that are 
designed to have a direct impact on drug prices and reduce drug spending by the federal government, which shall take effect in 2023. Under the Inflation 
Reduction Act of 2022, Congress authorized Medicare beginning in 2026 to negotiate lower prices for certain costly single-source drug and biologic 
products that do not have competing generics or biosimilars. This provision is limited in terms of the number of pharmaceuticals whose prices can be 
negotiated in any given year and it only applies to drug products that have been approved for at least 9 years and biologics that have been licensed for 13 
years. Drugs and biologics that have been approved for a single rare disease or condition are categorically excluded from price negotiation. Further, the 
new legislation provides that if pharmaceutical companies raise prices in Medicare faster than the rate of inflation, they must pay rebates back to the 
government for the difference. The new law also caps Medicare out-of-pocket drug costs at an estimated $4,000 a year in 2024 and, thereafter beginning in 
2025, at $2,000 a year.

In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively the 
“PPACA”), was enacted. The PPACA was intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance 
remedies against healthcare fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for healthcare and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees 
on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. The PPACA increased manufacturers’ rebate liability under the Medicaid Drug Rebate 
Program by increasing the minimum rebate amount for both branded and generic drugs and revised the definition of “average manufacturer price”, which 
may also increase the amount of Medicaid drug rebates manufacturers are required to pay to states. The legislation also expanded Medicaid drug rebates 
and created an alternative rebate formula for certain new formulations of certain existing products that is intended to increase the rebates due on those 
drugs. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”), which administers the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, also has proposed to expand 
Medicaid rebates to the utilization that occurs in the territories of the U.S., such as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Further, beginning in 2011, the 
PPACA imposed a significant annual fee on companies that manufacture or import branded prescription drug products and required manufacturers to 
provide a 50% discount off the negotiated price of prescriptions filled by beneficiaries in the Medicare Part D coverage gap, referred to as the “donut hole.” 
Legislative and regulatory proposals have been introduced at both the state and federal level to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and 
promotional activities for pharmaceutical products.

There have been public announcements by members of the U.S. Congress, regarding plans to repeal and replace the PPACA and Medicare. For example, on 
December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which, among other things, eliminated the individual mandate 
requiring most Americans (other than those who qualify for a hardship exemption) to carry a minimum level of health coverage, effective January 1, 2019. 
On December 14, 2018, a U.S. District Court Judge in the Northern District of Texas, or the Texas District Court Judge, ruled that the individual mandate is 
a critical and inseverable feature of the PPACA, and therefore, because it was repealed as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the remaining 
provisions of the PPACA are invalid as well. On December 18, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upheld the District Court’s ruling with 
respect to the individual mandate but remanded the case to the District Court to consider whether other parts of the law can remain in effect. While the 
Texas District Court Judge has stated that the ruling will have no immediate effect, it is unclear how this decision, subsequent appeals, and other efforts to 
repeal and replace the PPACA will impact the law and our business.  We are not sure whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the 
FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of our drug candidates, if any, 
may be. In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA’s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well 
as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing approval testing and other requirements.

Moreover, payment methodologies may be subject to changes in healthcare legislation and regulatory initiatives. For example, CMS may develop new 
payment and delivery models, such as bundled payment models. In addition, there has been heightened governmental scrutiny over the manner in which 
manufacturers set prices for their marketed products, which has resulted in several U.S. Congressional inquiries and proposed and enacted federal and state 
legislation designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to drug pricing, reduce the cost of prescription drugs under government payor 
programs, and review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has started 
soliciting feedback on some of these measures and, at the same time, is implementing others under its existing authority. For example, in May 

14

 
2019, CMS issued a final rule to allow Medicare Advantage Plans the option of using step therapy for Part B drugs beginning January 1, 2020. This final 
rule codified CMS’s policy change that was effective January 1, 2019. While any proposed measures will require authorization through additional 
legislation to become effective, Congress has indicated that it will continue to seek new legislative and/or administrative measures to control drug costs. We 
expect that additional U.S. federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that the U.S. federal 
government will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our drug candidates, if approved for 
commercialization.

In Europe, the United Kingdom formally withdrew from the European Union on January 31, 2020, and entered into a transition period that ended on 
December 31, 2020. A significant portion of the regulatory framework in the United Kingdom is derived from the regulations of the European Union. We 
cannot predict what consequences the recent withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union will have on the regulatory frameworks of the 
United Kingdom or the European Union, or on our future operations, if any, in these jurisdictions, and the United Kingdom is in the process of negotiating 
trade deals with other countries. Additionally, the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union may increase the possibility that other countries 
may decide to leave the European Union again.

Risks Related to Our Capital Requirements, Finances and Operations

Management has performed an analysis and concluded that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern. Separately, our 
independent registered public accounting firm has included in its opinion for the year ended March 31, 2023 an explanatory paragraph expressing 
substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern, which may hinder our ability to obtain future financing.

Our financial statements as of March 31, 2023 have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern for the next twelve 
months. Management has performed an analysis and concluded that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern. Separately, 
our independent registered public accounting firm included in its opinion for the year ended March 31, 2023 an explanatory paragraph referring to our 
recurring losses from operations and expressing substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern without additional capital becoming 
available. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain additional equity or debt financing, obtain government grants, 
reduce expenditures and generate significant revenue. Our financial statements as of March 31, 2023 do not include any adjustments that might result from 
the outcome of this uncertainty. The reaction of investors to the inclusion of a going concern statement by management and our auditors, and our potential 
inability to continue as a going concern, in future years could materially adversely affect our share price and our ability to raise new capital or enter into 
strategic alliances.

Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available to us on a 
timely basis, we may be required to curtail or cease our operations.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise sufficient additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. Raising additional funding through debt or 
equity financing is likely to be difficult or unavailable altogether given the early stage of our therapeutic candidates. If such additional financing is not 
available on satisfactory terms, or is not available in sufficient amounts, we may be required to delay, limit or eliminate the development of business 
opportunities and our ability to achieve our business objectives, our competitiveness, and our business, financial condition and results of operations will be 
materially adversely affected. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of additional debt or equity securities, it could result in dilution to our 
existing stockholders, increased fixed payment obligations and the existence of securities with rights that may be senior to those of our common stock. If 
we incur indebtedness, we could become subject to covenants that would restrict our operations and potentially impair our competitiveness, such as 
limitations on our ability to acquire, sell or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to 
conduct our business. Any of these events could significantly harm our business, financial condition and prospects. Furthermore, the issuance of additional 
securities, whether equity or debt, by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline further and 
existing stockholders may not agree with our financing plans or the terms of such financings. In addition, if we seek funds through arrangements with 
collaborative partners, these arrangements may require us to relinquish rights to our technology or potential future product candidates or otherwise agree to 
terms unfavorable to us.

We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.

We have generated operating losses each year since we began operations, including $17.7 million and $11.5 million for the years ended March 31, 2023 
and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $325.0 million. We expect to incur substantial additional operating losses 
over the next several years as our research and development activities increase. 

The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability will 
depend on, among other things:

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•

•

•

•

•

successfully developing human tissues and disease models for drug discovery and development that enable us to identify drug candidates;

successfully outsourcing certain portions of our development efforts;

entering into collaboration or licensing arrangements with pharmaceutical companies to further develop and conduct clinical trials for any drug 
candidates we identify;

obtaining any necessary regulatory approvals for any drug candidates we identify; and

raising sufficient funds to finance our activities and long-term business plan.

We might not succeed at any of these undertakings. If we are unsuccessful at one or more of these undertakings, our business, prospects, and results of 
operations will be materially adversely affected. We may never generate significant revenue, and even if we do generate significant revenue, we may never 
achieve profitability.

Our quarterly operating results may vary, which could negatively affect the market price of our common stock.

Our results of operations in any quarter may vary from quarter to quarter and are influenced by such factors as expenses related to:

•

•

•

•

•

evaluating and implementing strategic alternatives, technology licensing opportunities, potential collaborations, and other strategic transactions;

litigation; 

research and development expenditures, including commencement of preclinical studies and clinical trials; 

the timing of the hiring of new employees, which may require payments of signing, retention or similar bonuses; and

changes in costs related to the general global economy.

We believe that operating results for any particular quarter are not necessarily a meaningful indication of future results. Nonetheless, fluctuations in our 
quarterly operating results could negatively affect the market price of our common stock.

We may identify material weaknesses in the future that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements of our 
financial statements.

Our management team is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial 
reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in 
accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control 
over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be 
prevented or detected on a timely basis.

We cannot assure you that we will not have material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. If we identify 
any material weaknesses or significant deficiencies that may exist, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected, we may be 
unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing 
requirements, and our stock price may decline materially as a result.

Future strategic investments could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if we fail to achieve the desired returns 
on our investment. 

Our ability to benefit from future external strategic investments depends on our ability to successfully conduct due diligence, evaluate prospective 
opportunities, and buy the equity of our target investments at acceptable market prices. Our failure in any of these tasks could result in unforeseen loses 
associated with the strategic investments.   

We may also discover deficiencies in internal controls, data adequacy and integrity, product quality, regulatory compliance, product liabilities or other 
undisclosed liabilities that we did not uncover prior to our investment, which could result in us becoming subject asset impairments, including potential 
loss of our investment capital. In addition, if we do not achieve the anticipated benefits of an external investment as rapidly as expected, or at all, investors 
or analysts may downgrade our stock. 

We also expect to continue to carry out strategic investments that we believe are necessary to expand our business.  There are no assurances that such 
initiatives will yield favorable results for us. Accordingly, if these initiatives are not successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations 
could be adversely affected.  If these risks materialize, our stock price could be materially 

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adversely affected. Any difficulties in such investments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Our business could be adversely impacted if we are unable to retain our executive officers and other key personnel.

Our future success will depend to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key personnel, especially our executive officers. We do not 
currently have long-term employment agreements with our executive officers or our other key personnel, and there is no guarantee that our executive 
officers or key personnel will remain employed with us. Moreover, we have not obtained key man life insurance that would provide us with proceeds in the 
event of the death, disability or incapacity of any of our executive officers or other key personnel. Further, the process of attracting and retaining suitable 
replacements for any executive officers and other key personnel we lose in the future would result in transition costs and would divert the attention of other 
members of our senior management from our existing operations. Additionally, such a loss could be negatively perceived in the capital markets. Finally, 
certain of our executives also provide services to Viscient Biosciences, Inc. (“Viscient”). Executives that provide services to us and Viscient do not dedicate 
all of their time to us, as disclosed in our filings, and we may therefore compete with Viscient for the time commitments of our executive officers from time 
to time.

We may be subject to security breaches or other cybersecurity incidents that could compromise our information and expose us to liability.

We routinely collect and store sensitive data (such as intellectual property, proprietary business information and personally identifiable information) for 
ourselves, our employees and our suppliers and customers. We make significant efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our computer systems and 
networks and to protect this information. However, like other companies in our industry, our networks and infrastructure may be vulnerable to cyber-attacks 
or intrusions, including by computer hackers, foreign governments, foreign companies or competitors, or may be breached by employee error, malfeasance 
or other disruption. Any such breach could result in unauthorized access to (or disclosure of) sensitive, proprietary or confidential information of ours, our 
employees or our suppliers or customers, and/or loss or damage to our data. Any such unauthorized access, disclosure, or loss of information could cause 
competitive harm, result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, and/or cause reputational 
harm.

Compliance with global privacy and data security requirements could result in additional costs and liabilities to us or inhibit our ability to collect and 
process data globally, and the failure to comply with such requirements could subject us to significant fines and penalties, which may have a material 
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The regulatory framework for the collection, use, safeguarding, sharing, transfer, and other processing of information worldwide is rapidly evolving and is 
likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Globally, virtually every jurisdiction in which we operate has established its own data security and 
privacy frameworks with which we must comply. For example, the collection, use, disclosure, transfer, or other processing of personal data regarding 
individuals in the European Union, including personal health data, is subject to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which took 
effect across all member states of the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) in May 2018. The GDPR is wide-ranging in scope and imposes numerous 
requirements on companies that process personal data, including requirements relating to processing health and other sensitive data, obtaining consent of 
the individuals to whom the personal data relates, providing information to individuals regarding data processing activities, implementing safeguards to 
protect the security and confidentiality of personal data, providing notification of data breaches, and taking certain measures when engaging third-party 
processors. The GDPR increases our obligations with respect to clinical trials conducted in the EEA by expanding the definition of personal data to include 
coded data and requiring changes to informed consent practices and more detailed notices for clinical trial subjects and investigators. In addition, the GDPR 
imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data to countries outside the European Union, including the United States, and, as a result, increases the 
scrutiny that clinical trial sites located in the EEA should apply to transfers of personal data from such sites to countries that are considered to lack an 
adequate level of data protection, such as the United States. The GDPR also permits data protection authorities to require destruction of improperly 
gathered or used personal information and/or impose substantial fines for violations of the GDPR, which can be up to four percent of global revenues or 20 
million Euros, whichever is greater, and it also confers a private right of action on data subjects and consumer associations to lodge complaints with 
supervisory authorities, seek judicial remedies, and obtain compensation for damages resulting from violations of the GDPR. In addition, the GDPR 
provides that European Union member states may make their own further laws and regulations limiting the processing of personal data, including genetic, 
biometric or health data.

Further, Brexit has led and could also lead to legislative and regulatory changes and may increase our compliance costs. As of January 1, 2021 and the 
expiry of transitional arrangements agreed to between the United Kingdom and the European Union, data processing in the United Kingdom is governed by 
a United Kingdom version of the GDPR (combining the GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018), exposing us to two parallel regimes, each of which 
authorizes similar fines and other potentially divergent enforcement actions for certain violations. On June 28, 2021, the European Commission adopted an 
Adequacy Decision for the United Kingdom, allowing for the relatively free exchange of personal information between the European Union and the United 
Kingdom, however, the European Commission may suspend the Adequacy Decision if it considers that the United Kingdom no longer provides for an 
adequate level of data protection. Other jurisdictions outside the European Union are similarly introducing or enhancing privacy and data security laws, 
rules and regulations.

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Similar actions are either in place or under way in the United States. There are a broad variety of data protection laws that are applicable to our activities, 
and a wide range of enforcement agencies at both the state and federal levels that can review companies for privacy and data security concerns based on 
general consumer protection laws. The Federal Trade Commission and state Attorneys General all are aggressive in reviewing privacy and data security 
protections for consumers. New laws also are being considered at both the state and federal levels. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act — 
which went into effect on January 1, 2020 — is creating similar risks and obligations as those created by the GDPR, though the California Consumer 
Privacy Act does exempt certain information collected as part of a clinical trial subject to the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (the 
Common Rule). As of January 1, 2023, the California Consumer Privacy Act (as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act) is in full effect, with 
enforcement by California’s dedicated privacy enforcement agency expected to start later in 2023. While California was first among the states in adopting 
comprehensive data privacy legislation similar to the GDPR, many other states are following suit. For example, four other states have adopted such laws, 
taking effect from January 1, 2023 (in Virginia) and throughout the next year in Utah, Colorado, and Connecticut. Many other states are considering similar 
legislation. A broad range of legislative measures also have been introduced at the federal level. Accordingly, failure to comply with federal and state laws 
(both those currently in effect and future legislation) regarding privacy and security of personal information could expose us to fines and penalties under 
such laws. There also is the threat of consumer class actions related to these laws and the overall protection of personal data. This is particularly true with 
respect to data security incidents, and sensitive personal information, including health and biometric data. Even if we are not determined to have violated 
these laws, government investigations into these issues typically require the expenditure of significant resources and generate negative publicity, which 
could harm our reputation and business.

Given the breadth and depth of changes in data protection obligations, preparing for and complying with these requirements is rigorous and time intensive 
and requires significant resources and a review of our technologies, systems and practices, as well as those of any third-party collaborators, service 
providers, contractors or consultants that process or transfer personal data collected in the European Union. The GDPR, new state privacy laws and other 
changes in laws or regulations associated with the enhanced protection of certain types of sensitive data, such as healthcare data or other personal 
information from our clinical trials, could require us to change our business practices and put in place additional compliance mechanisms, may interrupt or 
delay our development, regulatory and commercialization activities and increase our cost of doing business, and could lead to government enforcement 
actions, private litigation and significant fines and penalties against us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and 
results of operations.

We and our partners may be subject to stringent privacy laws, information security laws, regulations, policies and contractual obligations related to 
data privacy and security, and changes in such laws, regulations, policies or how they are interpreted or changes in contractual obligations could 
adversely affect our business.

There are numerous U.S. federal and state data privacy and protection laws and regulations that apply to the collection, transmission, processing, storage 
and use of personally-identifying information, which among other things, impose certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of 
personal information. The legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection continues to evolve in jurisdictions worldwide, and there has 
been an increasing focus on privacy and data protection issues with the potential to affect our business. Failure to comply with any of these laws and 
regulations could result in enforcement action against us, including fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by 
affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, 
results of operations or prospects.

If we are unable to properly protect the privacy and security of health-related information or other sensitive or confidential information in our possession, 
we could be found to have breached our contracts. Further, if we fail to comply with applicable privacy laws, including applicable HIPAA privacy and 
security standards, we could face significant administrative, civil and criminal penalties. Enforcement activity can also result in financial liability and 
reputational harm, and responses to such enforcement activity can consume significant internal resources. In addition, state attorneys general are authorized 
to bring civil actions seeking either injunctions or damages in response to violations that threaten the privacy of state residents. 

We may experience conflicts of interest with Viscient Biosciences, Inc. with respect to business opportunities and other matters.

Keith Murphy, our Executive Chairman, is the Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and principal stockholder of Viscient, a private company that he founded 
in 2017 that is focused on drug discovery and development utilizing 3D tissue technology and multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics). 
Jeffrey N. Miner and our Chief Scientific Officer, is a co-founder, the Chief Scientific Officer and a significant stockholder of Viscient. In addition, Adam 
Stern, Douglas Jay Cohen and David Gobel (through the Methuselah Foundation and the Methuselah Fund), members of our Board, have invested funds 
through a convertible promissory note in Viscient, but do not serve as an employee, officer or director of Viscient. Additional members of our Research and 
Development organization also work at Viscient, and we expect that additional employees or consultants of ours will also be employees of or consultants to 
Viscient. We use certain Viscient-owned facilities and equipment and allow Viscient to use certain of our facilities and equipment. During fiscal 2023, we 
provided services to Viscient, and we expect to continue to provide services to Viscient and enter into additional agreements with Viscient in the future.

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In addition, we license, as well as cross-license, certain intellectual property to and from Viscient and expect to continue to do so in the future. In particular, 
pursuant to an Asset Purchase and Non-Exclusive Patent License Agreement with Viscient, dated November 6, 2019, as amended, we have provided a paid 
up, worldwide, irrevocable, perpetual, non-exclusive license to Viscient under certain of our patents and know-how to (a) make, have made, use, sell offer 
to sell, import and otherwise exploit the inventions and subject matter covered by certain patents regarding certain bioprinter devices and bioprinting 
methods, engineered liver tissues, engineered renal tissues, engineered intestinal tissue and engineered tissue for in vitro research use, (b) to use and 
internally repair the bioprinters, and (c) to make additional bioprinters for internal use only in connection with drug discovery and development research, 
target identification and validation, compound screening, preclinical safety, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology (ADMET) 
studies, and in vitro research to complement clinical development of a therapeutic compound. Although we have entered, and expect to enter, into 
agreements and arrangements that we believe appropriately govern the ownership of intellectual property created by joint employees or consultants of 
Viscient and/or using our or Viscient’s facilities or equipment, it is possible that we may disagree with Viscient as to the ownership of intellectual property 
created by shared employees or consultants, or using shared equipment or facilities.

On December 28, 2020, we entered into an intercompany agreement with Viscient and Organovo, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary (the “Intercompany 
Agreement”). Pursuant to the Intercompany Agreement, we agreed to provide Viscient certain services related to 3D bioprinting technology, which 
includes, but is not limited to, histology services, cell isolation, and proliferation of cells, and Viscient agreed to provide us certain services related to 3D 
bioprinting technology, including bioprinter training, bioprinting services, and qPCR assays, in each case on payment terms specified in the Intercompany 
Agreement and as may be further determined by the parties. In addition, Viscient and we each agreed to share certain facilities and equipment and, subject 
to further agreement, to each make certain employees available for specified projects to the other party at prices to be determined in good faith by the 
parties. Under the Intercompany Agreement, each party will retain its own prior intellectual property and will obtain new intellectual property rights within 
their respectively defined fields of use. 

Due to the interrelated nature of Viscient with us, conflicts of interest may arise with respect to transactions involving business dealings between us and 
Viscient, potential acquisitions of businesses or products, the development and ownership of technologies and products, the sale of products, markets and 
other matters in which our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders may conflict with the best interests of the stockholders of Viscient. In 
addition, we and Viscient may disagree regarding the interpretation of certain terms of the arrangements we previously entered into with Viscient or may 
enter into in the future. We cannot guarantee that any conflict of interest will be resolved in our favor, or that, with respect to our transactions with Viscient, 
we will negotiate terms that are as favorable to us as if such transactions were with another third-party. In addition, executives that provide services to us 
and Viscient may not dedicate all of their time to us and we may therefore compete with Viscient for the time commitments of our executive officers from 
time to time.  

Risks Related to Our Common Stock and Liquidity Risks

We could fail to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which could seriously harm the liquidity of our stock and our 
ability to raise capital or complete a strategic transaction.

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) has established continued listing requirements, including a requirement to maintain a minimum closing bid 
price of at least $1 per share. If a company trades for 30 consecutive business days below such minimum closing bid price, it will receive a deficiency 
notice from Nasdaq. Assuming it is in compliance with the other continued listing requirements, Nasdaq would provide such company a period of 180 
calendar days in which to regain compliance by maintaining a closing bid price at least $1 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days. There 
can be no assurance that we will continue to maintain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or other listing requirements necessary for us to 
maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. 

A delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market and commencement of trading on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board would likely result in a reduction in 
some or all of the following, each of which could have a material adverse effect on stockholders:

•

•

•

•

•

•

the liquidity of our common stock;

the market price of our common stock (and the accompanying valuation of our Company);

our ability to obtain financing or complete a strategic transaction;

the number of institutional and other investors that will consider investing in shares of our common stock;

the number of market markers or broker-dealers for our common stock; and

the availability of information concerning the trading prices and volume of shares of our common stock.

There is no assurance that an active market in our common stock will continue at present levels or increase in the future.

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Our common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market, but there is no assurance that an active market in our common stock will continue at 
present levels or increase in the future. As a result, an investor may find it difficult to dispose of our common stock on the timeline and at the volumes they 
desire. This factor limits the liquidity of our common stock and may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and on our 
ability to raise additional capital.

The price of our common stock may continue to be volatile, which could lead to losses by investors and costly securities litigation.

The trading price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate in response to factors such as:

•

•

•

•

•

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•

announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

our ability to execute on our new strategic plan;

reduced government funding for research and development activities;

actual or anticipated variations in our operating results;

adoption of new accounting standards affecting our industry;

additions or departures of key personnel;

sales of our common stock or other securities in the open market;

degree of coverage of securities analysts and reports and recommendations issued by securities analysts regarding our business;

volume fluctuations in the trading of our common stock; and

other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.

The stock market is subject to significant price and volume fluctuations. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s 
securities, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against such a company. Litigation initiated against us, whether or not successful, could 
result in substantial costs and diversion of our management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business and financial condition.

Investors may experience dilution of their ownership interests because of the future issuance of additional shares of our capital stock.

We are authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of March 31, 2023, there were an aggregate 
of 11,426,737 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding and available for issuance on a fully diluted basis and no shares of preferred stock 
outstanding. That total for our common stock includes 2,650,405 shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the vesting of restricted stock units, 
the exercise of outstanding stock options, or is available for issuance under our equity incentive plans, and 58,426 shares of common stock that may be 
issued through our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”).

In the future, we may issue additional authorized but previously unissued equity securities to raise funds to support our continued operations and to 
implement our business plan. We may also issue additional shares of our capital stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for our 
capital stock in connection with hiring or retaining employees, future acquisitions, or for other business purposes. If we raise additional funds from the 
issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders may result. In addition, the future issuance of any such additional shares of 
capital stock may create downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock. There can be no assurance that we will not be required to issue 
additional shares, warrants or other convertible securities in the future in conjunction with any capital raising efforts, including at a price (or exercise 
prices) below the price at which shares of our common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Moreover, depending on market conditions, 
we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our 
stockholders.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date and it is not anticipated that any dividends will be paid to holders of our common stock in the 
foreseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of our business, it is currently anticipated that 
any earnings will be retained to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the 
fact that a lack of a dividend can further affect the market value of our stock and could significantly affect the value of any investment.

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Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law may discourage or prevent a change of control, even if an acquisition 
would be beneficial to our stockholders, which could affect our stock price adversely and prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our 
current management.

Our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (“Certificate of Incorporation”), and Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended (“Bylaws”) contain 
provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our board of directors that our stockholders might consider 
favorable. Some of these provisions:

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authorize the issuance of preferred stock which can be created and issued by our board of directors without prior stockholder approval, with 
rights senior to those of the common stock;

provide for a classified board of directors, with each director serving a staggered three-year term;

provide that each director may be removed by the stockholders only for cause;

prohibit our stockholders from filling board vacancies, calling special stockholder meetings, or taking action by written consent; and

require advance written notice of stockholder proposals and director nominations.

In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may prohibit certain business combinations 
with stockholders owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock. These and other provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and 
Delaware law could make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are 
opposed by our then-current board of directors, including delaying or impeding a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest involving our company. Any delay 
or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our board of directors could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

If we are not able to adequately protect our proprietary rights, our business could be harmed.

Our success will depend to a significant extent on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection for our technologies, intellectual property 
and products and service offerings in the United States and other countries. If we do not protect our intellectual property adequately, competitors may be 
able to use our technologies and gain a competitive advantage.

To protect our products and technologies, we, and our collaborators and licensors, must prosecute and maintain existing patents, obtain new patents and 
pursue other intellectual property protection. Our existing patents and any future patents we obtain may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from 
using our technologies or from developing competing products and technologies. Moreover, the patent positions of many biotechnology and 
pharmaceutical companies are highly uncertain, involve complex legal and factual questions and have in recent years been the subject of much litigation. 
As a result, we cannot guarantee that:

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any patent applications filed by us will issue as patents;

third parties will not challenge our proprietary rights, and if challenged that a court or an administrative board of a patent office will hold that our 
patents are valid and enforceable;

third parties will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies by inventing around our 
claims;

any patents issued to us will cover our technology and products as ultimately developed;

we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;

the patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our business; or

as issued patents expire, we will not lose some competitive advantage.

As previously disclosed, we have recommenced certain historical operations and are now focusing our future efforts on developing highly customized 3D 
human tissues as living, dynamic models for healthy and diseased human biology for drug development. Previously, we focused our efforts on developing 
our in vivo liver tissues to treat end-stage liver disease and a select group of life-threatening, orphan diseases, for which there were limited treatment 
options other than organ transplant. We also explored the development of other potential pipeline in vivo tissue constructs. As we focus our business on 
developing highly customized 3D human tissues, we may sell, discontinue, adjust or abandon certain patents and patent applications relating to our 
historical operations. There can be no assurance that we will be successful at such efforts or sell or otherwise monetize such assets on acceptable terms, if at 
all. There is also no guarantee that our remaining patents will be sufficiently broad to prevent others from using our technologies or from developing 
competing products and technologies.

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We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

Certain foreign jurisdictions have an absolute requirement of novelty that renders any public disclosure of an invention immediately fatal to patentability in 
such jurisdictions. Therefore, there is a risk that we may not be able to protect some of our intellectual property in the United States or abroad due to 
disclosures, which we may not be aware of, by our collaborators or licensors. Some foreign jurisdictions prohibit certain types of patent claims, such as 
“method-of-treatment/use-type” claims; thus, the scope of protection available to us in such jurisdictions is limited.

Moreover, filing, prosecuting and defending patents on all of our potential products and technologies throughout the world would be prohibitively 
expensive. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not sought or obtained patent protection to develop their own products 
and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection, but where enforcement is not as strong as that in the 
United States. These products may compete with our future products in jurisdictions where we do not have any issued patents and our patent claims or 
other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems 
of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly 
those relating to biopharmaceuticals, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in 
violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our 
efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.

Patents covering our products could be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged in court or before administrative bodies in the United States or 
abroad. 

The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its inventorship, scope, validity or enforceability, and our patents may be challenged in the courts or patent 
offices in the United States and abroad. We may be subject to a third-party preissuance submission of prior art to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the 
“USPTO”), or become involved in opposition, derivation, revocation, reexamination, post-grant and inter partes review (“IPR”), or interference 
proceedings or other similar proceedings challenging our patent rights. An adverse determination in any such submission, proceeding or litigation could 
reduce the scope of, or invalidate or render unenforceable, our patent rights, allow third parties to commercialize our technology or products and compete 
directly with us, without payment to us, or result in our inability to manufacture or commercialize products without infringing third-party patent rights. 
Moreover, we may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the USPTO to determine priority of invention or in post-grant challenge 
proceedings, such as oppositions in a foreign patent office, that challenge our priority of invention or other features of patentability with respect to our 
patents and patent applications. Such challenges may result in loss of patent rights, in loss of exclusivity or in patent claims being narrowed, invalidated or 
held unenforceable, which could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology and products, or limit the 
duration of the patent protection of our technology or products. Such proceedings also may result in substantial cost and require significant time from our 
scientists and management, even if the eventual outcome is favorable to us. 

For example, our U.S. Patent Nos. 9,855,369 and 9,149,952, which relate to our bioprinter technology, were the subject of IPR proceedings filed by Cellink 
AB and its subsidiaries (collectively, “BICO Group AB”), one of our competitors. Likewise, U.S. Patent Nos. 9,149,952, 9,855,369, 8,931,880, 9,227,339, 
9,315,043 and 10,967,560 (all assigned to Organovo, Inc.) and U.S. Patent Nos. 7,051,654, 8,241,905, 8,852,932 and 9,752,116 (assigned to Clemson 
University and the University of Missouri, respectively) were implicated in a declaratory judgment complaint filed against Organovo, Inc., our wholly 
owned subsidiary, by BICO Group AB and certain of its subsidiaries in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. All of these matters 
were eventually settled in February 2022.

Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially 
greater financial resources. Patent litigation and other proceedings may also absorb significant management time. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation 
and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could impair our ability to compete in the marketplace. The occurrence of any of the foregoing 
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce 
our inventions, patents or other intellectual property or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive and time consuming.

In addition, if we initiate legal proceedings against a third party to enforce a patent covering our products, the defendant could counterclaim that such 
patent is invalid or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the United States, defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity or unenforceability are 
commonplace. Grounds for a validity challenge could be an alleged failure to meet any of several statutory requirements, including lack of novelty, 
obviousness, or non-enablement. Grounds for an unenforceability assertion could be an allegation that someone connected with prosecution of the patent 
withheld relevant information from the USPTO or made a misleading statement during prosecution. Third parties may also raise claims challenging the 
validity or enforceability of our patents before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation, including through 
re-examination, post-grant review, IPR, interference proceedings, derivation proceedings and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (e.g., 

22

 
 
 
 
 
opposition proceedings). Such proceedings could result in the revocation of, cancellation of or amendment to our patents in such a way that they no longer 
cover our products. The outcome following legal assertions of invalidity and unenforceability is unpredictable. With respect to the validity question, for 
example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art, of which we and the patent examiner were unaware during prosecution. If a third party 
were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity or unenforceability, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent protection on our products. 
Such a loss of patent protection would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be involved in lawsuits or other proceedings to protect or enforce our patents or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive, time-
consuming and unsuccessful.

Competitors may infringe our patents or the patents of our collaborators or licensors or our licensors may breach or otherwise prematurely terminate the 
provisions of our license agreements with them. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required to file infringement claims or lawsuits, 
which can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours or our collaborators or 
licensors is not valid or is unenforceable or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not 
cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being 
invalidated, held unenforceable, or interpreted narrowly and could put our other patent applications at risk of not issuing. Additionally, our licensors may 
continue to retain certain rights to use technologies licensed by us for research purposes. Patent disputes can take years to resolve, can be very costly and 
can result in loss of rights, injunctions or substantial penalties. Moreover, patent disputes and related proceedings can distract management’s attention and 
interfere with running our business.

Furthermore, because of the potential for substantial discovery in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our 
confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results 
of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments which could harm our business.

As more companies file patents relating to bioprinters and bioprinted tissues, it is possible that patent claims relating to bioprinters or bioprinted human 
tissue may be asserted against us. In addition, the drug candidates we pursue may also be pursued by other companies, and it is possible that patent claims 
relating to such drug candidates may also be asserted against us. Any patent claims asserted against us could harm our business. Moreover, we may face 
claims from non-practicing entities, which have no relevant product revenue and against whom our own patent portfolio may have no deterrent effect. Any 
such claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming to defend, result in costly litigation and diversion of resources, cause product shipment or 
delays or require us to enter into royalty or license agreements. These licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Even if we are successful 
in defending such claims, infringement and other intellectual property litigation can be expensive and time-consuming to litigate and divert management’s 
attention from our core business. Any of these events could harm our business significantly.

Our current and future research, development and commercialization activities also must satisfy the obligations under our license agreements. Any disputes 
arising under our license agreements could be costly and distract our management from the conduct of our business. Moreover, premature termination of a 
license agreement could have an adverse impact on our business.

In addition to infringement claims against us, if third parties have prepared and filed patent applications in the United States that also claim technology to 
which we have rights, we may have to participate in interference proceedings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”) to determine the 
priority of invention and opposition proceedings outside of the United States. An unfavorable outcome could require us to cease using the related 
technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party.

Third parties may also attempt to initiate reexamination, post grant review or inter partes review of our patents or those of our collaborators or licensors in 
the PTO. We may also become involved in similar opposition proceedings in the European Patent Office or similar offices in other jurisdictions regarding 
our intellectual property rights with respect to our products and technology.

We depend on license agreements with University of Missouri, Clemson University and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies  for rights to use certain 
patents, pending applications, and know how. Failure to comply with or maintain obligations under these agreements and any related or other 
termination of these agreements could materially harm our business and prevent us from developing or commercializing new product candidates.

We are party to license agreements with University of Missouri, Clemson University and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies under which we were 
granted exclusive rights to patents and patent applications that are important to our business and to our ability to develop and commercialize our 3D tissue 
products fabricated using our NovoGen Bioprinters and our FXR314 agonist in gastrointestinal disease. Our rights to use these patents and patent 
applications and employ the inventions claimed in these licensed patents are subject to the continuation of and our compliance with the terms of our license 
agreements. If we were to breach the terms of these license agreements and the agreements were terminated as a result, our ability to continue to develop 
and commercialize our NovoGen Bioprinters, 3D tissue products and the FXR314 agonist and to operate our business could be adversely impacted.

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We may be unable to adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

In order to protect our proprietary and licensed technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality agreements with our corporate partners, 
employees, consultants, manufacturers, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively 
prevent disclosure of our confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential 
information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information. Failure to obtain or maintain trade secret 
protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of 
third parties.

We employ or engage individuals who were previously employed at other biopharmaceutical companies. Although we have no knowledge of any such 
claims against us, we may be subject to claims that we or our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or 
disclosed confidential information of our employees’ former employers or other third parties. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. 
There is no guarantee of success in defending these claims, and even if we are successful, litigation could result in substantial cost and be a distraction to 
our management and other employees. To date, none of our employees have been subject to such claims.

General Risk Factors

Compliance with the reporting requirements of federal securities laws can be expensive.

We are a public reporting company in the United States, and accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and 
other federal securities laws, including the compliance obligations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). The costs of complying with 
the reporting requirements of the federal securities laws, including preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports and other information with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and furnishing audited reports to stockholders, can be substantial.

If we fail to comply with the rules of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act related to accounting controls and procedures, or, if we discover material 
weaknesses and deficiencies in our internal control and accounting procedures, we may be subject to sanctions by regulatory authorities and our stock 
price could decline.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Section 404”) requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial 
reporting. We believe our system and process evaluation and testing comply with the management certification requirements of Section 404. We cannot be 
certain, however, that we will be able to satisfy the requirements in Section 404 in all future periods. If we are not able to continue to meet the requirements 
of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC 
or Nasdaq. Any such action could adversely affect our financial results or investors’ confidence in us and could cause our stock price to fall. Moreover, if 
we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we identify deficiencies in our internal controls that are deemed to 
be material weaknesses, we may be required to incur significant additional financial and management resources to achieve compliance.

24

 
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. 

None. 

Item 2. Properties. 

In November 2020, we entered into a sixty-two month lease agreement for our long term permanent premises, consisting of approximately 8,051 square 
feet of lab and office space. In November 2021, we amended the permanent lease agreement to add an additional 2,892 square of office space in the same 
building. In December 2021, we took occupancy of our permanent lab and office space, located at 11555 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121. See 
“Note 7. Leases” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained within this Annual Report for a further discussion of properties.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings. 

In addition to commitments and obligations in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject, from time to time, to various claims 
and pending and potential legal actions arising out of the normal conduct of its business.

The Company assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in its financial statements. 
Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions could occur, assessing litigation contingencies is subjective and requires 
judgments about future events. When evaluating contingencies, the Company may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, 
including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of 
information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against it may be unsupported, exaggerated or unrelated to possible 
outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of its potential liability.

We are not involved in any material legal proceedings or legal matters at this time. See “Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies” of the Notes to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements contained within this Annual Report for a further discussion of potential commitments and contingencies related to legal 
proceedings. 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. 

Not applicable.

25

 
 
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. 

Market Information for Common Stock 

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ONVO.”

PART II 

Holders of Record

As of March 31, 2023, we had 8,716,906 outstanding shares of common stock and approximately 81 holders of record of our common stock. The number 
of beneficial owners is substantially greater than the number of record holders because a large portion of our common stock is held of record through 
brokerage firms in “street name.” 

Dividend Policy 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, for use in our business 
and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We satisfy certain U.S. federal and state tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock unit awards by automatically withholding from 
the shares being issued in connection with such award a number of shares of our common stock with an aggregate fair market value on the date of vesting 
equal to the minimum tax withholding obligations. The following table sets forth information with respect to shares of our common stock repurchased by 
us to satisfy certain tax withholding obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

January 1, 2023 - January 31, 2023
February 1, 2023 - February 28, 2023
March 1, 2023 - March 31, 2023
Total

(a) Total Number of Shares
(or Units) Purchased

(b) Average Price Paid Per Share
(or Unit)

—  
  $
34   (1) $
  $
—  
  $
34  

—  
2.64  
—  
2.64  

(1) Represents shares of our common stock withheld from employees for the payment of taxes.

Performance Graph

This performance graph is furnished and shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC or subject to Section 18 of the Exchange Act, nor shall it be deemed 
incorporated by reference in any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

The graph set forth below compares the cumulative total stockholder return data on our common stock with the cumulative return data of (i) the Nasdaq 
Stock Market Composite Index, and (ii) the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index over the five-year period ending March 31, 2023. This graph assumes the 
investment of $100 on March 31, 2018 in our common stock and each of the comparative indices and assumes the reinvestment of dividends. No cash 
dividends have been declared or paid on our common stock. 

The comparisons in the graph and related information is not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of our common stock, and 
we do not make or endorse any predictions as to future stockholder returns. 

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Organovo Holdings, Inc., 
the Nasdaq Composite Index, and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index

*

 $100 invested on March 31, 2018 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans 

Information about securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is set forth in Part III, Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain 
Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Annual Report. 

Item 6. [Reserved]

27

 
 
 
 
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 

The following management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our historical 
consolidated financial statements and the related notes. This management’s discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks 
and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact are 
forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results or events to differ 
materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are 
not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in section Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report. Except as required by applicable law 
we do not undertake any obligation to update our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Annual 
Report.

Overview

We are a biotechnology company that is focusing on building high fidelity, 3D tissues that recapitulate key aspects of human disease. We use these models 
to identify gene targets responsible for driving the disease and intend to initiate drug discovery programs around these validated targets. We are initially 
focusing on the intestine and have ongoing 3D tissue development efforts in ulcerative colitis (“UC”) and Crohn’s disease (“CD”). We intend to add 
additional tissues/diseases/targets to our portfolio over time. In line with these plans, we are building upon both our external and in-house scientific 
expertise, which will be essential to our drug development effort.

We use our proprietary technology to build functional 3D human tissues that mimic key aspects of native human tissue composition, architecture, function 
and disease. Our advances include cell type-specific compartments, prevalent intercellular tight junctions, and the formation of microvascular structures. 
Management believes these attributes can enable critical complex, multicellular disease models that can be used to develop clinically effective drugs across 
multiple therapeutic areas.

Our NovoGen Bioprinters® are automated devices that enable the fabrication of 3D living tissues comprised of mammalian cells. We believe that the use of 
our bioprinting platform as well as complementary 3D technologies will allow us to develop an understanding of disease biology that leads to validated 
novel drug targets, and  therapeutics to those targets to treat disease. 

The majority of our current focus is on inflammatory bowel disease (“IBD”), including CD and UC. We are creating high fidelity disease models, 
leveraging our prior work including the work found in our peer-reviewed publication on bioprinted intestinal tissues (Madden et al. Bioprinted 3D Primary 
Human Intestinal Tissues Model Aspects of Native Physiology and ADME/Tox Functions. iScience. 2018 Apr 27;2:156-167. doi: 
10.1016/j.isci.2018.03.015.)  Our current understanding of intestinal tissue models and IBD models leads us to believe that we can create models that 
provide greater insight into the biology of these diseases than are generally currently available.  Using these disease models, we intend to identify and 
validate novel therapeutic targets. After finding therapeutic drug targets, we will focus on developing novel small molecule, antibody, or other therapeutic 
drug candidates to treat the disease, and advance these drug candidates towards an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) filing and potential future clinical 
trials. We may also form partnerships around the development of targets or therapeutics for the treatment of IBD. 

In March of 2023, we entered into and closed an asset purchase agreement with Metacrine, Inc to acquire their farnesoid X receptor ("FXR") program. 
FXR is a mediator of GI and liver diseases. FXR agonism has been tested in a variety of preclinical models of IBD.  The acquired program contains two 
clinically tested compounds and over 2,000 discovery or preclinical compounds.  

We expect to broaden our work into additional therapeutic areas over time and are currently exploring specific tissues for development. In our work to 
identify the areas of interest, we evaluate areas that might be better served with 3D disease models than currently available models as well as the 
commercial opportunity.

We hold a large and diverse patent portfolio related to our bioprinting platform and complementary 3D technologies. The strength of this patent portfolio, 
the fact that it was created early in the bioprinting revolution and growth in the bioprinting industry have made for an attractive business opportunity for us. 
We are now beginning to invest resources to explore and expand business and revenue opportunities from the leveraging of our patent portfolio.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgments

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Any reference in this annual report to 
applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative accounting principles generally accepted in the United States as found in the Accounting Standards 
Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The preparation of these 
financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets 
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We continually 
evaluate our estimates and judgments used in preparing our financial statements and related disclosures, none of which are considered critical. All estimates 
affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. These 

28

estimates and judgments are also based on historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Materially 
different results can occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known.

Our significant accounting policies are set forth in “Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to 
Consolidated Financial Statements contained within this Annual Report. Of those policies, we believe that the policies discussed below may involve a 
higher degree of judgment and may be more critical to an accurate reflection of our financial condition and results of operations. Accounting policies 
regarding stock-based compensation are considered critical, as they require significant assumptions. If there is a difference between the assumptions used in 
determining our stock-based compensation expense and the actual factors that become known over time, specifically with respect to anticipated forfeitures, 
we may change the input factors used in determining stock-based compensation costs for future grants. These changes, if any, may materially impact our 
results of operations in the period such changes are made.

Stock-based compensation

For purposes of calculating stock-based compensation, we estimate the fair value of stock options and shares acquirable under our 2022 Equity Incentive 
Plan ("2022 Plan"), Amended and Restated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”), our 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) or our 
2021 Inducement Equity Plan (the “Inducement Plan”) using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the fair value of share-based 
payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by our stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, 
risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Expected volatility is based on the Company-specific historical volatility rate. For certain options granted 
with vesting criteria contingent on market conditions, we engage with valuation specialists to calculate fair value and requisite service periods using Monte 
Carlo simulations. For certain options granted with vesting criteria contingent on pre-defined Company performance criteria, we periodically assess and 
adjust the expense based on the probability of achievement of such performance criteria. For shares acquirable under our ESPP, we use our Company-
specific volatility rate. The expected life of the stock options is based on historical and other economic data trended into the future. The risk-free interest 
rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected terms of our stock options. The dividend yield assumption is based on our 
history and expectation of no dividend payouts. If factors change and we employ different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense may differ 
significantly from what we have recorded in the past. 

For purposes of calculating stock-based compensation, we estimate the fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) with pre-defined performance criteria, 
based on the closing stock price on the date of grant. No exercise price or other monetary payment is required for receipt of the shares issued in settlement 
of the respective award; instead, consideration is furnished in the form of the participant’s service to us.

If there is a difference between the assumptions used in determining our stock-based compensation expense and the actual factors that become known over 
time, we may change the input factors used in determining stock-based compensation costs for future grants. These changes, if any, may materially impact 
our results of operations in the period such changes are made.

Revenue

We assess whether our license agreements are considered a contract with a customer under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers 
(“Topic 606”) or an arrangement with a collaborator subject to guidance under ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“Topic 808”). These 
agreements can include one or more of the following: (i) non-refundable upfront fees and (ii) royalties based on specified percentages of net product sales. 
At contract inception, we assess the goods or services agreed upon within each contract and assess whether each good or service is distinct and determine 
those that are performance obligations. We then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance 
obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

For the year ended March 31, 2023, the performance obligations assessed were sales-based royalties on a quarterly basis. We evaluate the performance 
obligation to determine if it can be satisfied at a point in time or over time. For agreements that include sales-based royalties, we estimate and recognize 
revenue in the period the underlying sales occur. Key factors considered in the estimate include sales of products that include the underlying licensed IP and 
the location of customers related to the jurisdictions of the licensed IP. In addition, variable consideration must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained 
and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price. 

29

Differences in the allocation of the transaction price between delivered and undelivered performance obligations can impact the timing of revenue 
recognition but do not change the total revenue recognized under any agreement.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

Revenues
Research and development
Selling, general and administrative
Other income

Revenues

Year Ended March 31,

2023

2022

Increase (decrease)

$

%

$
$
$
$

370     $
8,885     $
9,216     $
474     $

1,500     $
3,320     $
9,659     $
33     $

(1,130 )  
5,565    
(443 )  
441    

(75 %)
168 %
(5 %)
1,336 %

We had $0.4 million of royalty revenue for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1.5 million revenue for the year ended March 31, 2022. The $1.5 
million of royalty revenue for the year ended March 31, 2022 was an upfront payment related to the licensing of certain intellectual property (“IP”). The 
$0.4 million of royalty revenue for the year ended March 31, 2023, was related to the sales-based royalty revenue earned from the aforementioned licensing 
of IP. 

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

Research and development
Non-cash stock-based compensation
Depreciation and amortization

Total research and development expenses

Year Ended March 31,

2023

2022

Increase (decrease)

$

%

$

$

8,247     $
473    
165    
8,885     $

2,787     $
419    
114    
3,320     $

5,460    
54    
51    
5,565    

196 %
13 %
45 %
168 %

Research and development expenses increased by $5.6 million, or 168%, from approximately $3.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2022 to 
approximately $8.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, as we significantly increased research and development activities. Our full-time research 
and development staff increased from an average of nine employees for the year ended March 31, 2022 to an average of fifteen employees for the year 
ended March 31, 2023. Research and development activities consisted of $2.4 million in personnel related costs, $5.2 million in lab and research expenses, 
$1.0 million in facility costs, and $0.3 million in consulting fees, depreciation, and other miscellaneous expenses. Of the $5.2 million in lab and research 
expenses, $4.0 million relates to acquired in-process research and development ("IPR&D") of Metacrine's FXR program, related research data, and IP. 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The following table summarizes our selling, general and administrative expenses for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except 
percentages):

Selling, general and administrative
Non-cash stock-based compensation
Depreciation and amortization
Total selling, general and administrative
   expenses

Year Ended March 31,

2023

2022

Increase (decrease)

$

%

$

$

7,184     $
1,904    
128    

7,794     $
1,837    
28    

9,216     $

9,659     $

(610 )  
67    
100    

(443 )  

(8 %)
4 %
357 %

(5 %)

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $0.4 million, or 5%, from $9.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2022 to 
approximately $9.2 million for the year ended March 31, 2023. Overall, the decrease year over year is due to a significant decrease in general corporate 
costs, most notably legal costs, as we were involved in litigation in fiscal 2022 which was resolved by the end of fiscal 2022. For the year ended March 31, 
2022, we had an average of four full-time employees, which 

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
increased to an average of five full-time employees for the year ended March 31, 2023. Year over year, we had an increase in personnel related costs of 
approximately $0.4 million, an increase in consulting costs of approximately $0.3 million, an increase in depreciation and amortization of approximately 
$0.1 million. These increases were offset by a $1.2 million decrease in general corporate costs, mostly attributable to a decrease in legal costs related to 
litigation regarding patent enforcement that occurred and ended in fiscal 2022.  

Other Income (Expense)

Other income was $0.5 million and less than $0.1 million for the years ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. For the year ended March 
31, 2023, interest income was approximately $0.5 million, due to higher interest rates compared to prior years. For the year ended March 31, 2022, other 
income consisted of a sale of a bioprinter asset to an academic research institution as well as interest income.  

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Going forward, we intend to leverage our proprietary technology platform to develop therapeutic drugs. Our initial plan is to focus on IBD, including CD 
and UC with a goal of broadening our work into additional therapeutic areas over time. 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we are a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, 
the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of 
approximately $15.3 million and an accumulated deficit of $325.0 million. As of March 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $28.7 million and an 
accumulated deficit of $307.7 million. We had negative cash flows from operations of $12.4 million and $8.5 million for the years ended March 31, 2023 
and 2022, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023, we had total current assets of approximately $17.0 million and current liabilities of approximately $3.7 million, resulting in working 
capital of $13.3 million. At March 31, 2022, we had total current assets of approximately $29.5 million and current liabilities of approximately $1.4 
million, resulting in working capital of $28.1 million. 

The following table sets forth a summary of the primary sources and uses of cash for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Net cash (used in) provided by:

Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Operating activities

Year Ended March 31,

2023

2022

$

$

$

(12,408 )  
(966 )  
—  

(13,374 )  

$

(8,453 )
(409 )
205  
(8,657 )

Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $12.4 million and $8.5 million for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The 
$3.8 million increase in operating cash usage, for the year ended March 31, 2023, can be attributed primarily to an increase in our research and 
development activities. Operating cash usage includes $2.0 million of cash outflows for acquired IPR&D of Metacrine's FXR drug compound, related 
research data, and IP.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.0 million and $0.4 million for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net cash used in 
investing activities for the year ended March 31, 2023 was attributed to $0.4 million of fixed asset purchases, $0.7 million of purchases of equity securities, 
net of sales, which was slightly offset by $0.1 million of investment income. The net cash used in investing activities for the year ended March 31, 2022 
was related to the purchase of fixed assets. 

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was zero and $0.2 million for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net cash provided for 
the year ended March 31, 2022, was primarily driven by at-the-market ("ATM") share offerings. Refer to “Operations funding requirements” below for 
further information regarding financing activities.

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operations funding requirements

Through March 31, 2023, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of common stock through public and ATM offerings, the private 
placement of equity securities, from revenue derived from the licensing of intellectual property, products and research-based services, grants, and 
collaborative research agreements, and from the sale of convertible notes. 

Our ongoing cash requirements include research and development expenses, compensation for personnel, consulting fees, legal and accounting support, 
insurance premiums, facilities, maintenance of our intellectual property portfolio, license and collaboration agreements, listing on the Nasdaq Capital 
Market, and other miscellaneous fees to support our operations. We expect our total operating expense for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024 to be 
between $12.0 million and $14.0 million. Based on our current operating plan and available cash resources, we will need substantial additional funding to 
support future operating activities. We have concluded that the prevailing conditions and ongoing liquidity risks faced by us raise substantial doubt about 
our ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year following the date these financial statements are issued. The accompanying consolidated 
financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

We previously had an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-222929) (the “2018 Shelf”) that registered $100.0 million of 
common stock, preferred stock, warrants and units, or any combination of the foregoing, that was set to expire on February 22, 2021. On January 19, 2021, 
we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-252224) to register $150.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, 
warrants and units, or any combination of the foregoing (the “2021 Shelf”) and a related prospectus. The 2021 Shelf registration statement was declared 
effective by the SEC on January 29, 2021 and replaced the 2018 Shelf at that time.

On March 16, 2018, we entered into a Sales Agreement (“Sales Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Jones Trading Institutional Services 
LLC (each an “Agent” and together, the “Agents”). On January 29, 2021, we filed a prospectus supplement to the 2021 Shelf (the “ATM Prospectus 
Supplement”), pursuant to which we could offer and sell, from time to time through the Agents, shares of our common stock in ATM sales transactions 
having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million. Any shares offered and sold are issued pursuant to our 2021 Shelf.

During the year ended March 31, 2023, we sold no shares of common stock in ATM offerings. As of March 31, 2023, we have sold an aggregate of 
1,580,862 shares of common stock in ATM offerings under the ATM Prospectus Supplement, for gross proceeds of approximately $21.7 million. As of 
March 31, 2023, there was approximately $100.0 million available in future offerings under the 2021 Shelf, and approximately $28.3 million available for 
future offerings through our ATM program under the ATM Prospectus Supplement.

Having insufficient funds may require us to relinquish rights to our technology on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose. Failure to obtain 
adequate financing could adversely affect our operations. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our 
existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash 
payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. We cannot be sure that additional 
financing will be available if and when needed, or that, if available, we can obtain financing on terms favorable to our stockholders. Any failure to obtain 
financing when required will have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

As of March 31, 2023, we had 8,716,906 total issued and outstanding shares of common stock.

On October 12, 2022, our stockholders and the Board of Directors ("Board") approved the 2022 Plan, and it became effective on that date. The 2022 Plan 
replaced the 2012 Plan on the effective date. Upon the effective date, we ceased granting awards under the 2012 Plan and any shares remaining available 
for future issuance under the 2012 Plan were cancelled and are no longer available for future issuance. The 2012 Plan continues to govern awards 
previously granted under it. At the time the Board approved the 2022 Plan, an aggregate of 1,363,000 shares of our common stock was initially reserved for 
issuance under the 2022 Plan. We committed to reducing the new 2022 Plan share reserve by the number of shares that were granted under the 2012 Plan 
and the Inducement Plan between July 25, 2022 and October 12, 2022. From July 25, 2022 to October 12, 2022, we issued 126,262 shares of common 
stock under the 2012 Plan. As a result, the number of shares reserved for future issuance under the 2022 Plan is 1,236,738 shares of common stock as of 
March 31, 2023. We also committed to reducing the aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Inducement Plan from 750,000 
shares to 51,000 shares (which includes 50,000 shares of its common stock issuable pursuant to an outstanding option to purchase common stock with an 
exercise price of $2.75 per share, leaving only 1,000 shares available for future issuance under the Inducement Plan) and the share reserve was reduced 
effective October 12, 2022.

The 2022 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 1,236,738 shares of our common stock, of which 1,071,471 shares remain available for issuance as of 
March 31, 2023, to executive officers, directors, advisory board members, employees and consultants. The 2012 Plan, as amended, provided for the 
issuance of up to 2,327,699 shares of our common stock, of which no shares remain available for issuance as of March 31, 2023. Additionally, 75,000 
shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under the ESPP, of which 58,426 shares remain available for future issuance as of March 31, 
2023. Finally, 51,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuances under our Inducement Plan, of which 1,000 remain available for future 
issuance as of March 31, 2023. In 

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
aggregate, issued and outstanding common stock and shares issuable under outstanding equity awards or reserved for future issuance under the 2022 Plan, 
the 2012 Plan, the Inducement Plan, and the ESPP total 11,426,737 shares of common stock as of March 31, 2023.

Effect of Inflation and Changes in Prices

Management does not believe that inflation and changes in price will have a material effect on our operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information regarding recently adopted and issued accounting pronouncements, see “Note 13. Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in the Notes to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. 

We invest our excess cash in short term, high quality interest bearing securities including US government and US government agency securities and high-
grade corporate commercial paper. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve our capital for the purpose of funding our operations. 
To achieve these objectives, our investment policy allows us to maintain a portfolio of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments in a variety of 
securities, including money market funds. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general 
level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because the majority of our investments are comprised of cash and cash equivalents. We currently do not hedge 
interest rate exposure. Due to the nature of our short-term investments, we believe that we are not subject to any material market risk exposure. We have 
limited foreign currency risk exposure as our business operates primarily in U.S. dollars. We do not have significant foreign currency nor any other 
derivative financial instruments.

33

 
Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Organovo Holdings, Inc. 
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page
Number

F-2

F-3
F-4
F-5

F-6
F-7

F-1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of:
Organovo Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Organovo Holdings, Inc. (“Company”) as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related 
consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended 
March 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all 
material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the 
two years in the period ended March 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

Going Concern Uncertainty

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the 
financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations and is dependent on additional financing to fund 
operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding these matters are also 
described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial 
statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) 
("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules 
and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor 
were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over 
financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial  statements,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and 
performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in 
the  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as 
evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated 
to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially 
challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical audit matters.

/s/ Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2011.

San Diego, California
July 13, 2023

F-2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(in thousands except for share and per share data) 

March 31, 2023

March 31, 2022

Assets

Current Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable
Investment in equity securities
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Total current assets
Fixed assets, net
Restricted cash
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Prepaid expenses and other assets, net
Total assets

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Current Liabilities
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Operating lease liability, current portion

Total current liabilities
Operating lease liability, net of current portion
Total liabilities
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' Equity

Common stock, $0.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized,
  8,716,906 and 8,710,627 shares issued and outstanding at
   March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Treasury stock, 46 shares at cost

Total stockholders' equity
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

  $

  $

  $

  $

15,301  
152  
706  
889  
17,048  
902  
143  
1,705  
515  
20,313  

331  
2,848  
492  
3,671  
1,313  
4,984  

9  
340,317  
(324,998 )
2  
(1 )
15,329  
20,313  

  $

  $

  $

  $

28,675  
—  
—  
858  
29,533  
662  
143  
2,153  
805  
33,296  

415  
489  
479  
1,383  
1,704  
3,087  

9  
337,940  
(307,739 )
—  
(1 )
30,209  
33,296  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 
(in thousands except for share and per share data) 

Revenues

Royalty revenue

Total Revenues
Research and development expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses

Total costs and expenses

Loss from Operations
Other Income (Expense)

Loss on fixed asset disposals
Gain on investment in equity securities
Interest income
Other income
Total Other Income
Income Tax Expense
Net Loss

Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale debt securities
Comprehensive loss

Net loss per common share—basic and diluted
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per common share—basic
   and diluted

Year Ended
March 31, 
2023

Year Ended
March 31, 
2022

  $

  $

  $
  $

370  
370  
8,885  
9,216  
18,101  
(17,731 )

(9 )
29  
454  
—  
474  
(2 )
(17,259 )

2  
(17,257 )

(1.98 )

  $

  $

  $
  $

1,500  
1,500  
3,320  
9,659  
12,979  
(11,479 )

—  
—  
8  
25  
33  
(2 )
(11,448 )

—  
(11,448 )

(1.32 )

8,713,032  

8,703,596  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
     
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

(in thousands) 

Common Stock

  Treasury Stock  

Shares

Amoun
t

Additional 
Paid-in Capital

  Shares  

Amou
nt

Accumulated 
Deficit
(1 )   $ (296,291 )    

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensi
ve Income

Balance at March 31, 2021

8,671     $

9     $

335,479       —   $

Issuance of common stock under employee and
   director stock option, RSU and purchase plans
Stock-based compensation expense
Issuance of common stock from public offering,
   net
Net loss

Balance at March 31, 2022

Issuance of common stock under employee and
   director stock option, RSU and purchase plans
Stock-based compensation expense
Net loss
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale debt 
securities

Balance at March 31, 2023

13       —      
—       —      

(46 )     —     —      
2,256       —     —      

—      
—      

27       —      
—       —      
9     $

8,711     $

251       —     —      
—       —     —      

—      
(11,448 )    
(1 )   $ (307,739 )    

337,940       —   $

6       —      
—       —      
—       —      

—       —     —      
2,377       —     —      
—       —     —      

—      
—      
(17,259 )    

—       —      
9     $

8,717     $

—       —     —      

—      
(1 )   $ (324,998 )   $

340,317       —   $

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-5

Total
39,196  

(46 )
2,256  

—   $

—    
—    

—    
—    
—   $

251  
(11,448 )
30,209  

—    
—    
—    

—  
2,377  
(17,259 )

2    
2   $

2  
15,329  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 (in thousands) 

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Gain on investment in equity securities
Loss on disposal of fixed assets
Accretion on investments
Depreciation and amortization
Stock-based compensation
Increase (decrease) in cash resulting from changes in:

Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Operating right-of-use asset and lease liability, net

Net cash used in operating activities
Cash Flows From Investing Activities

Purchases of fixed assets
Purchases of investments
Maturities of investments
Purchases of equity securities
Proceeds from sales of equity securities

Net cash used in investing activities
Cash Flows From Financing Activities

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
Employee taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the
   consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Income taxes paid
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets
Purchases of fixed assets in accounts payable

Year Ended
March 31, 2023

Year Ended
March 31, 2022

  $

(17,259 )   $

(11,448 )

(29 )  
9  
(105 )  
293  
2,377  

(152 )  
177  
(148 )  
2,359  
70  

(12,408 )  

(396 )  
(9,893 )  
10,000  
(1,061 )  
384  
(966 )  

—  
—  
—  

(13,374 )  
28,818  
15,444  

  $

15,301  
143  
15,444  

  $

  $

2  
—  
64  

  $
  $
  $

—  
—  
—  
142  
2,256  

—  
384  
134  
49  
30  
(8,453 )

(409 )
—  
—  
—  
—  
(409 )

251  
(46 )
205  
(8,657 )
37,475  
28,818  

28,675  
143  
28,818  

2  
2,301  
—  

  $

  $

  $

  $
  $
  $

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Organovo Holdings, Inc. 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

Nature of operations and basis of presentation 

Organovo Holdings, Inc. (“Organovo Holdings,” “Organovo,” and the “Company”) is a biotechnology company that focuses on building high fidelity, 3D 
tissues that recapitulate key aspects of human disease. The Company uses these models to identify gene targets responsible for driving the disease and 
intends to initiate drug discovery programs around these validated targets. The Company is initially focusing on the intestine and has ongoing 3D tissue 
development efforts in ulcerative colitis (“UC”) and Crohn’s disease (“CD”). The Company intends to add additional tissues/diseases/targets to its portfolio 
over time. In line with these plans, the Company is building upon both its external and in house scientific expertise, which will be essential to its drug 
development effort. 

The Company uses its proprietary technology to build functional 3D human tissues that mimic key aspects of native human tissue composition, 
architecture, function and disease. Organovo’s advances include cell type-specific compartments, prevalent intercellular tight junctions, and the formation 
of microvascular structures. Management believes these attributes can enable critical complex, multicellular disease models that can be used to develop 
clinically effective drugs across multiple therapeutic areas.

The Company’s NovoGen Bioprinters® are automated devices that enable the fabrication of 3D living tissues comprised of mammalian cells. The Company 
believes that the use of its bioprinting platform as well as complementary 3D technologies will allow it to develop an understanding of disease biology that 
leads to validated novel drug targets and therapeutics to those targets to treat disease. 

The majority of the Company’s current focus is in inflammatory bowel disease (“IBD”), including CD and UC. The Company is creating high fidelity 
disease models, leveraging its prior work including the work found in its peer-reviewed publication on bioprinted intestinal tissues (Madden et al. 
Bioprinted 3D Primary Human Intestinal Tissues Model Aspects of Native Physiology and ADME/Tox Functions. iScience. 2018 Apr 27;2:156-167. doi: 
10.1016/j.isci.2018.03.015.) The Company’s current understanding of intestinal tissue models and IBD disease models leads it to believe that it can create 
models that provide greater insight into the biology of these diseases than are generally currently available. Using these disease models, the Company 
intends to identify and validate novel therapeutic targets. After finding therapeutic drug targets, the Company intends to focus on developing novel small 
molecule, antibody, or other therapeutic drug candidates to treat the disease, and advance these novel drug candidates towards an Investigational New Drug 
(“IND”) filing and potential future clinical trials.  

In March of 2023, the Company entered into and closed an asset purchase agreement with Metacrine, Inc to acquire their farnesoid X receptor ("FXR") 
program. FXR is a mediator of gastrointestinal ("GI") and liver diseases. FXR agonism has been tested in a variety of preclinical models of IBD.  The 
acquired program contains two clinically tested compounds and over 2,000 discovery or preclinical compounds.   

The Company expects to broaden its work into additional therapeutic areas over time and is currently exploring specific tissues for development. In the 
Company’s work to identify the areas of interest, it evaluates areas that might be better served with 3D disease models than currently available models as 
well as the potential commercial opportunity.

Except where specifically noted or the context otherwise requires, references to “Organovo Holdings”, “the Company”, and “Organovo” in these notes to 
the consolidated financial statements refers to Organovo Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Organovo, Inc., and Opal Merger Sub, Inc.

Liquidity and Going Concern 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we are a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, 
the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents 
of approximately $15.3 million, restricted cash of approximately $0.1 million and an accumulated deficit of approximately $325.0 million. The restricted 
cash was pledged as collateral for a letter of credit that the Company is required to maintain as a security deposit under the terms of the lease agreements 
for its facilities. The Company also had negative cash flows from operations of approximately $12.4 million during the year ended March 31, 2023. 

Through March 31, 2023, the Company has financed its operations primarily through the sale of common stock through public and at-the-market (“ATM”) 
offerings, the private placement of equity securities, from revenue derived from the licensing of intellectual property, products and research-based services, 
grants, and collaborative research agreements, and from the sale of convertible notes. During the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued zero 
shares of its common stock through its ATM facility.

Based on our current operating plan and available cash resources, we will need substantial additional funding to support future operating activities. We 
have concluded that the prevailing conditions and ongoing liquidity risks faced by us raise substantial doubt 

F-7

about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year following the date these financial statements are issued. The accompanying 
consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. As the 
Company continues its operations and is focusing its efforts on drug discovery and development, the Company will need to raise additional capital to 
implement this business plan. The Company cannot predict with certainty the exact amount or timing for any future capital raises. The Company will seek 
to raise additional capital through debt or equity financings, or through some other financing arrangement. However, the Company cannot be sure that 
additional financing will be available if and when needed, or that, if available, it can obtain financing on terms favorable to its stockholders. Any failure to 
obtain financing when required will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, and financial condition. 

Use of estimates 

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make 
estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. On an 
ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions. 

Investments 

Investments consist of investments in debt securities and investments in equity securities. 

Investments in debt securities consist of investments in U.S. Treasury bills. As of March 31, 2023, all investments that have original maturities of three 
months or less are classified as cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Prior to March 31, 2023, the Company classified certain investments 
as held-to-maturity. All investments previously classified as held-to-maturity matured prior to March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, all investments are 
classified as available-for-sale, as the sale of such investments may be required prior to maturity to implement management strategies. Available-for-sale 
debt securities are recorded at fair value. Any unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of 
stockholders' equity until realized. As U.S. Treasury bills are risk-free, any declines in fair value are considered temporary. 

Investments in equity securities consist of investments in the common stock of entities traded in active markets. The Company does not have the ability to 
exercise significant influence over any entities. Therefore, initial investments are recorded at cost, and are remeasured at fair value as of the balance sheet 
date. Any gains or losses resulting from the change in fair value are recorded in net income. The investments in equity securities are classified as current 
assets.

Fair value measurement 
Financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value, which is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a 
liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the 
measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable 
inputs. The following is a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, 
that may be used to measure fair value: 

•

•

•

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; 
quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for 
substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. 

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or 
liabilities. 

Financial instruments 

For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, accrued 
expenses, the carrying amounts are generally considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those 
instruments. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. 

F-8

 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash 

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had approximately $0.1 million of restricted cash, respectively, deposited with a financial institution. The 
entire amount was held in certificates of deposit to support a letter of credit agreement related to the Company’s facility leases entered into in November 
2020 and amended in November 2021. 

Fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets are carried at cost. Expenditures that extend the life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated. Depreciation and amortization are provided 
using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets or, in the case of leasehold improvements, over the lesser of the useful 
life of the related asset or the remaining lease term. The estimated useful lives of the fixed assets range between one and seven years. 

Impairment of long-lived assets 

In accordance with authoritative guidance, the Company reviews its long-lived assets, including fixed assets and other assets, for impairment whenever 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. To determine recoverability of its long-
lived assets, the Company evaluates whether future undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets and adjusts the carrying 
amount of its assets to fair value. Management has determined that no impairment of long-lived assets occurred as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Research and development 

Research and development expenses, including direct and allocated expenses, consist of independent research and development costs, as well as costs 
associated with sponsored research and development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. 

Acquired in-process research and development 

The Company has acquired drug candidates in development. The costs to acquire a drug candidate are immediately expensed as acquired in-process 
research and development, provided that the drug candidate has no alternative future use. Acquired in-process research and development expenses are 
included in total research and development expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss. 

FXR Program

In March 2023, the Company acquired Metacrine's FXR program for $4.0 million. The FXR program was determined to have no alternative future use, and 
therefore was considered acquired in-process research and development and fully expensed. For the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company paid a $2.0 
million upfront payment, and the remaining $2.0 million will be paid in the next fiscal year (see detail in "Note 4. Accrued Expenses") upon final transfer 
of the drug compounds, related data, and IP.

Income taxes 

Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years for differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their 
financial reporting amounts at each year end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are 
expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. 
Income tax expense is the combination of the tax payable for the year and the change during the year in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company’s 
policy regarding uncertainty in income taxes is pursuant to ASC 740-10. Interest and penalties that would be assessed in relation to the settlement value of 
unrecognized tax benefits is recognized as a component of income tax expense.

Revenue recognition

The Company has generated revenues from payments received from licensing intellectual property.      

The Company has entered into a license agreement with a company that includes the following:  (i) non-refundable upfront fees and (ii) royalties based on 
specified percentages of net product sales, if any. At the initiation of the agreement, the Company has analyzed whether it results in a contract with a 
customer under Topic 606.

The Company has considered a variety of factors in determining the appropriate estimates and assumptions under these arrangements, such as whether the 
Company is a principal vs. agent, whether the elements are distinct performance obligations, whether there are determinable stand-alone prices, and 
whether any licenses are functional or symbolic. The Company has evaluated each performance obligation to determine if it can be satisfied and recognized 
as revenue at a point in time or over time. Typically, non-refundable 

F-9

upfront fees have been considered fixed, while sales-based royalty payments have been identified as variable consideration which must be evaluated to 
determine if it has been constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price. Please refer to “Note 5: Collaborative Research, Development, and 
License Agreements” for further information.

Stock-based compensation 

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, which establishes 
accounting for equity instruments exchanged for employee and non-employee services. Under such provisions, stock-based compensation cost is measured 
at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award (determined using either the Black-Scholes or Monte Carlo option-pricing models, 
depending on the complexity of the equity grant), and is recognized as an expense, under the straight-line method, over the employee’s requisite service 
period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).

Comprehensive income (loss) 

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner 
sources. The Company is required to record all components of comprehensive income (loss) in the financial statements in the period in which they are 
recognized. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), including unrealized gains and losses on investments, are reported, net of their 
related tax effect, to arrive at comprehensive income (loss). 

Net loss per share 

Basic and diluted net loss per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The 
weighted-average number of shares used to compute diluted loss per share excludes any assumed exercise of stock options and warrants, shares reserved 
for purchase under the Company’s 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), the assumed release of restriction of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and 
shares subject to repurchase as the effect would be anti-dilutive. No dilutive effect was calculated for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as the 
Company reported a net loss for each respective period and the effect would have been anti-dilutive. 

Common stock equivalents excluded from computing diluted net loss per share were approximately 1.6 million shares and 1.2 million shares for the years 
ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

Note 2. Investments and fair value measurement

Investments in debt securities

As of March 31, 2023, the Company held $4.9 million of investments in debt securities (which are included in the $15.3 million of cash and cash 
equivalents). For the year ended March 31, 2023, there was $0.3 million of interest income related to the investments in debt securities. There were less 
than $0.1 million of unrealized gains recorded on investments in debt securities for the year ended March 31, 2023. As the investments in debt securities 
consist of U.S. Treasury bills from active markets, the fair value is measured using level 1 inputs.

The following table summarizes the Company's investments in debt securities that are measured at fair value as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2023
Investment in debt securities

Investments in equity securities

Amortized costs basis

  Gross unrealized gains  

  Gross unrealized losses  

Fair value

  $

4,943  

  $

2  

  $

—  

  $

4,945  

For the year ended March 31, 2023, there was $1.1 million of equity securities purchased, and $0.4 million of equity securities sold. As of March 31, 2023, 
the fair value of investment in equity securities was $0.7 million, resulting in less than a $0.1 million 

F-10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
unrealized gain on investment in equity securities. As the investments in equity securities consist of common stock from active markets, the fair value is 
measured using level 1 inputs. 

The following table presents the activity for investments in equity securities measured at fair value for the year ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Balance at March 31, 2022

Purchases at cost
Sales
Gain on investment in equity securities

Balance at March 31, 2023

Note 3. Fixed Assets 

Fixed assets consisted of the following (in thousands): 

Laboratory equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Computer software and equipment
Fixed Assets, gross
Less accumulated depreciation
Fixed Assets, net

Investment in Equity Securities
(in thousands)

$

$

March 31,
2023

March 31,
2022

  $

  $

1,575  
66  
537  
2,178  
(1,276 )
902  

  $

  $

—  
1,061  
(384 )
29  
706  

1,171  
38  
524  
1,733  
(1,071 )
662  

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s fixed assets were active and in use. Depreciation expense for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 
2022 was approximately $211,000 and $128,000, respectively. 

Note 4. Accrued Expenses 

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands): 

Accrued compensation
Accrued legal and professional fees
Acquired in-process research and development
Other accrued expenses

March 31,
2023

March 31,
2022

  $

  $

609  
193  
2,000  
46  
2,848  

  $

  $

434  
27  
—  
28  
489  

Note 5. Collaborative Research, Development, and License Agreements 

License Agreements

From June 2021 to February 2022, certain patents owned or sublicensed by the Company became the subject of IPR proceedings filed by Cellink AB and 
its subsidiaries (collectively, “BICO Group AB”). The Company and BICO Group AB were also engaged in litigation regarding patent infringement during 
the same time period. On February 22, 2022, the Company and BICO Group AB signed a settlement and patent license agreement (“License Agreement”) 
to close all matters noted above. In addition to closing all legal matters and patent disputes noted above, as part of the agreement, the Company agreed to 
grant a non-exclusive license to BICO Group AB to use the Company’s aforementioned patents for its business operations of manufacturing and selling 
bioprinters as well as bioinks. The Company concluded that the nature of the license granted represents functional intellectual property. 

As part of the License Agreement, BICO Group AB agreed to pay the Company a one time, nonrefundable upfront fee of $1,500,000. Based on Topic 606, 
the Company concluded that the performance obligation related to this upfront fee consisted of the Company 

F-11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
filing stipulations of dismissal of all legal matters noted above, as well as the Company granting the non-exclusive license of the aforementioned patents 
within five days of receiving the upfront payment. The conditions of the performance obligation were satisfied, and therefore the Company recognized 
revenue of $1,500,000 on February 22, 2022, the executed date of the License Agreement. 

Additionally, as part of the License Agreement, BICO Group AB agreed to pay the Company ongoing sales-based royalties (based on percentages of BICO 
Group AB’s net sales) for the use of the granted license. The sales-based royalties became effective beginning on February 22, 2022, the effective date of 
the License Agreement, and continue until the expiration of the last surviving licensed patent. As the sales-based royalties are required to be paid 45 days 
after the end of every quarter, there is variable consideration that must be estimated to determine royalty revenue within a given reporting period. Sales-
based royalties that occurred prior to fiscal 2023 were recognized as revenue on a one quarter lag due to constraints on the estimates of variable 
consideration. During fiscal 2023, the Company began to estimate sales-based royalties earned each quarter. For the year ended March 31, 2023, the 
Company recorded $370,000 of royalty revenue based on sales-based royalties from the License Agreement. This recognized revenue is related to sales-
based royalties earned from February 22, 2022 through March 31, 2023. 

Also as part of the License Agreement, certain patents involved in the agreement are sublicensed by the Company from the University of Missouri and 
Clemson University. See below for further information. 

University of Missouri

In March 2009, the Company entered into a license agreement with the Curators of the University of Missouri to in-license certain technology and 
intellectual property relating to self-assembling cell aggregates and to intermediate cellular units. The Company received the exclusive worldwide rights to 
commercialize products comprising this technology for all fields of use. The Company is required to pay the University of Missouri royalties ranging from 
1% to 3% of net sales of covered tissue products, and of the fair market value of covered tissues transferred internally for use in the Company’s commercial 
service business, depending on the level of net sales achieved by the Company each year. The Company paid the minimum annual royalty of $25,000 in 
January 2022 for its respective calendar year, which is credited against royalties due during the subsequent twelve months. No payments have been made in 
excess of the minimum annual royalties in the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. 

The license agreement with the University of Missouri also includes an additional sales royalty of 3% of all revenue received from a sublicensee, when 
such sublicense is entered pursuant to settlement of litigation. Such revenue shall include, but not be limited to, all option fees, license issue fees (upfront 
payments), license maintenance fees, equity, and all royalty payments. Such revenue shall not include research funding provided to licensee by sublicensee. 
However, per the agreement, in the event that the Company defends the technology by litigation, it can offset any royalties due by legal expenses incurred. 
As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s legal expenses exceeded royalties owed from the upfront payment and sales-based royalties related to the License 
Agreement. Therefore, no royalty expense to the University of Missouri was recorded for the year ended March 31, 2023. No royalty expense related to 
sales-based royalties has been recorded to date. 

On December 5, 2022, the Company amended the license agreement with the University of Missouri, whereas the Company agreed to pay a single, upfront 
payment of $50,000 to the University of Missouri in exchange for the aforementioned licensed intellectual property to be fully paid up by the Company. As 
a result, the Company will continue to have rights to the licensed intellectual property until its expiration, but will no longer owe minimum annual royalty 
payments, royalty payments based on net sales, or any other payments (other than patent annuities and any prosecution costs) in the future.

Clemson University

In May 2011, the Company entered into a license agreement with Clemson University Research Foundation to in-license certain technology and intellectual 
property relating to ink-jet printing of viable cells. The Company received the exclusive worldwide rights to commercialize products comprising this 
technology for all fields of use. The Company is required to pay the university royalties ranging from 1.5% to 3% of net sales of covered tissue products 
and the fair market value of covered tissues transferred internally for use in the Company’s commercial service business, depending on the level of net sales 
reached each year. The license agreement terminates upon expiration of the patents licensed, which are expected to expire in May 2024, and is subject to 
certain conditions as defined in the license agreement. Minimum annual royalty payments of $20,000 were due for each of the two years beginning with 
calendar 2014, and $40,000 per year beginning with calendar 2016. Royalty payments of $40,000 were made in each of the years ended March 31, 2023 
and 2022. The annual minimum royalty is creditable against royalties owed during the same calendar year.

In addition to the annual royalties noted above, the University is owed 40% of all payments including but not limited to, upfront payments, license fees, 
issue fees, maintenance fees, and milestone payments received from third parties, including sublicensees, in consideration for sublicensing rights to 
licensed products. However, per the agreement, in the event that the Company defends the technology by litigation, it can offset any royalties due by legal 
expenses incurred. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s legal 

F-12

 
 
 
 
expenses exceeded royalties owed from the upfront payment and sales-based royalties related to the License Agreement. Therefore, no royalty expense to 
Clemson University was recorded for the year ended March 31, 2023. No royalty expense related to sales-based royalties has been recorded to date. 

Capitalized License Fees

Capitalized license fees consisted of the following (in thousands):

License fees
Less accumulated amortization
License fees, net

March 31,
2023

March 31,
2022

  $

  $

114  
(101 )
13  

  $

  $

218  
(124 )
94  

The above license fees, net of accumulated amortization, are included in Other Assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are being 
amortized over the life of the related patents. Amortization expense of licenses was approximately $82,000 and $14,000 for the years ended March 31, 
2023 and 2022, respectively. At March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining amortization period for all licenses was approximately 2 years. The 
annual amortization expense of licenses for the next five years is estimated to be approximately $3,000 per year.

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies

In March 2023, the Company acquired the FXR Agonist program from Metacrine.  All patent rights related to this program have been assigned to the 
Company in connection with the acquisition.  In addition, the Company assumed and was assigned a license agreement with the Salk Institute for 
Biological Studies (hereafter “Salk”) that provides certain payments to Salk upon the successful development and commercialization of the lead compound, 
FXR314.  The Company is required to pay Salk royalties ranging from 1% to 1.125% of net sales of therapeutics based on FXR314. In addition, the 
Company is required to make certain milestone payments based on the successful initiation and/or completion of certain development milestones, including 
$500,000 within 45 days of the dosing of the first patient in a phase III clinical trial, $1,000,000 within 45 days of FDA approval of the first Licensed 
Product and $1,500,000 within 45 days of the first commercial sale of a Licensed Product in the Territory. There are also reduced milestone payments 
application to a second or third licensed product, if any. Should the company sublicense the a licensed product to a third party, then it must pay a 3.5% of 
sublicensing revenue attributable to such a sublicense.   

Note 6. Stockholders’ Equity 

Preferred stock 

The Company is authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock. There are no shares of preferred stock currently outstanding, and the Company 
has no present plans to issue shares of preferred stock. 

Common stock 

In January 2012, the Board approved the 2012 Plan. The 2012 Plan authorized the issuance of up to 327,699 shares of common stock for awards of 
incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, performance units, performance shares, and other 
stock or cash awards. The Board and stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2012 Plan in August 2013 to increase the number of 
shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2012 Plan by 250,000 shares. In August 2015, the Board and stockholders of the Company approved 
an amendment to the 2012 Plan to further increase the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2012 Plan by 300,000 shares. In 
July 2018, the Board and stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2012 Plan to further increase the number of shares of common stock 
that may be issued under the 2012 Plan by 550,000 shares. In October 2021, the Board and stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 
2012 Plan to further increase the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2012 Plan by 900,000, bringing the aggregate shares 
issuable under the 2012 Plan to 2,327,699. The 2012 Plan as amended and restated became effective on July 26, 2018 and terminates ten years after such 
date. 

In March 2021, the Board approved the Inducement Plan. The Inducement Plan authorized the issuance of up to 750,000 shares of common stock for 
awards of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, performance units, performance shares, 
and other stock or cash awards. In February 2022, 50,000 incentive stock options were issued under the Inducement Plan. 

F-13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
On October 12, 2022, the Company's stockholders and the Board approved the 2022 Plan, and it became effective on that date. The 2022 Plan replaced the 
2012 Plan on the effective date. Upon the effective date, the Company ceased granting awards under the 2012 Plan and any shares remaining available for 
future issuance under the 2012 Plan were cancelled and are no longer available for future issuance. The 2012 Plan continues to govern awards previously 
granted under it. At the time the Board approved the 2022 Plan, an aggregate of 1,363,000 shares of the Company’s common stock was initially reserved 
for issuance under the 2022 Plan. The Company committed to reducing the new 2022 Plan share reserve by the number of shares that were granted under 
the 2012 Plan and the Inducement Plan between July 25, 2022 and October 12, 2022. From July 25, 2022 to October 12, 2022, the Company issued 
126,262 shares of its common stock under the 2012 Plan. As a result, the number of shares reserved for future issuance under the 2022 Plan is 1,236,738 
shares of common stock. The Company also committed to reducing the aggregate number of shares of its common stock issuable pursuant to the 
Inducement Plan from 750,000 shares to 51,000 shares (which includes 50,000 shares of its common stock issuable pursuant to an outstanding option to 
purchase common stock with an exercise price of $2.75 per share, leaving only 1,000 shares available for future issuance under the Inducement Plan) and 
the share reserve was reduced effective October 12, 2022.

The Company previously had an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-222929) and the related prospectus previously declared 
effective by the SEC on February 22, 2018 (the “2018 Shelf”), which registered $100.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, warrants and units, or 
any combination of the foregoing, that was set to expire on February 22, 2021. On January 19, 2021, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on 
Form S-3 (File No. 333-252224) to register $150.0 million of the Company’s common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units, or any 
combination of the foregoing (the “2021 Shelf”) and a related prospectus. The 2021 Shelf was declared effective by the SEC on January 29, 2021 and 
replaced the 2018 Shelf at that time.  

On March 16, 2018, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (“Sales Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Jones Trading Institutional 
Services LLC (each an “Agent” and together, the “Agents”). On January 29, 2021, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to the 2021 Shelf (the 
“ATM Prospectus Supplement”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through the Agents, shares of its common stock in 
ATM sales transactions having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million. Any shares offered and sold will be issued pursuant to the 2021 Shelf. 
During the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued zero shares of common stock in ATM offerings under the ATM Prospectus Supplement. As of 
March 31, 2023, the Company has sold an aggregate of 1,580,862 shares of common stock in ATM offerings under the ATM Prospectus Supplement, with 
gross proceeds of approximately $21.7 million. As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately $100.0 million available for future offerings under the 2021 
Shelf (excluding amounts available but not yet issued under the ATM Prospectus Supplement), and approximately $28.3 million available for future 
offerings through the Company’s ATM program under the ATM Prospectus Supplement.    

Restricted stock units 

The following table summarizes the Company’s RSUs activity for the year ended March 31, 2023:

Unvested at March 31, 2022
Granted
Vested
Cancelled / forfeited
Unvested at March 31, 2023

Stock options 

Number of 
Shares

Weighted
Average Price

15,500  
117,642  
(5,425 )
—  
127,717  

  $
  $
  $
  $

  $

10.58  
1.53  
11.02  
—  

2.22  

During the year ended March 31, 2023 under both the 2022 Plan and 2012 Plan, 255,474 stock options were granted at various exercise prices, respectively.

On March 8, 2021, the Company granted 120,000 and 25,000 stock options, respectively, to its Executive Chairman and its Chief Scientific Officer under 
the 2012 Plan. On October 7, 2021, the Company granted an additional 120,000 and 25,000 stock options, respectively, to the aforementioned officers. 
These stock options have unique vesting criteria based on market conditions, more specifically the Company’s stock price. As these market condition based 
stock options require significant estimates and assumptions to calculate their fair value, the Company engaged with valuation specialists to calculate the 
fair value and requisite service periods using Monte Carlo simulations. The stock options will be expensed over their determined requisite service periods. 
As of March 31, 2023, half of the aforementioned stock options were fully expensed over their requisite service periods. However, to date, none of the 
stock options have vested.

F-14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
On October 7, 2021, the Company granted 60,000 and 15,000 stock options, respectively, to its Executive Chairman and its Chief Scientific Officer under 
the 2012 Plan. These stock options have unique vesting criteria based on specific Company performance conditions. The vesting criteria for half of these 
options was relating to the Company recognizing $1.5 million of revenue per year based on three quarters of results, which was achieved on February 22, 
2022 (refer to “Note 4. Collaborative Research, Development, and License Agreements” for more information). The remaining unvested options have 
vesting criteria relating to the Company closing a seven-figure cash up front deal with a major pharmaceutical company. As of March 31, 2023, 
management estimated there was a 0% probability of achievement, and therefore no expense has been recorded to date.   

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the year ended March 31, 2023: 

Outstanding at March 31, 2022

Options granted
Options canceled
Options exercised

Outstanding at March 31, 2023

Vested and Exercisable at March 31, 2023

Options
Outstanding

Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

1,203,671  
255,474  
(7,928 )
—  
1,451,217  

559,685  

  $
  $
  $
  $

  $

  $

7.36  
2.34  
5.66  
—  

6.49  

7.07  

  $
  $
  $
  $

  $

  $

71,650  
—  
—  
—  

38,327  

472  

The weighted-average remaining contractual term of stock options exercisable and outstanding at March 31, 2023 was approximately 8.00 years. 

During the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company issued zero shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options. 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In June 2016, the Board, and in August 2016, its stockholders subsequently approved, the ESPP. The Company reserved 75,000 shares of common stock for 
issuance thereunder. The ESPP permits employees after five months of service to purchase common stock through payroll deductions, limited to 15 percent 
of each employee’s compensation up to $25,000 per employee per year. Shares under the ESPP are purchased at 85 percent of the fair market value at the 
lower of (i) the closing price on the first trading day of the six-month purchase period or (ii) the closing price on the last trading day of the six-month 
purchase period. The initial offering period commenced in September 2016. During the year ended March 31, 2023, 1,009 shares were issued under the 
ESPP. At March 31, 2023, there were 58,426 shares remaining available for the purchase under the ESPP.

Common stock reserved for future issuance 

Common stock reserved for future issuance consisted of the following at March 31, 2023: 

Common stock issuable pursuant to options outstanding and reserved under the 2012 Plan
Common stock reserved under the 2012 Plan
Common stock issuable pursuant to options outstanding and reserved under the 2022 Plan
Common stock reserved under the 2022 Plan
Common stock reserved under the ESPP
Common stock reserved under the 2021 Inducement Equity Plan
Common stock issuable pursuant to restricted stock units outstanding under the 2012 Plan
Common stock issuable pursuant to restricted stock units outstanding under the 2022 Plan
Common stock issuable pursuant to options outstanding and reserved under the Inducement Plan
Total at March 31, 2023

F-15

1,345,664  
—  
55,553  
1,071,471  
58,426  
1,000  
10,075  
117,642  
50,000  
2,709,831  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Stock-based compensation expense and valuation information

Stock-based awards include stock options and RSUs under the Company's 2022 Equity Incentive Plan ("2022 Plan"), Amended and Restated 2012 Equity 
Incentive Plan (“2012 Plan”), inducement awards, performance-based RSUs under an Incentive Award Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit 
Agreement, the 2021 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (“Inducement Plan”), and rights to purchase stock under the ESPP. The Company calculates the 
grant date fair value of all stock-based awards in determining the stock-based compensation expense.

Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards consists of the following (in thousands):

Research and development
General and administrative
Total

Year Ended
March 31, 2023

Year Ended
March 31, 2022

  $

  $

473  
1,904  
2,377  

  $

  $

419  
1,837  
2,256  

The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants as of March 31, 2023 was approximately $2,492,000 and the weighted 
average period over which these grants are expected to vest is 2.05 years.

The total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested RSUs (not including performance-based RSUs) as of March 31, 2023 was 
approximately $210,000, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.24 years.

As of March 31, 2023, there are no participants enrolled into the ESPP for the current purchase period, beginning March 1, 2023.

The Company uses either the Black-Scholes or Monte Carlo option-pricing models to calculate the fair value of stock options, depending on the complexity 
of the equity grants. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The assumed dividend yield 
was based on the Company’s expectation of not paying dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company uses its Company-specific historical volatility 
rate. The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on U.S. Treasury rates. The weighted average expected life of options was estimated using the 
average of the contractual term and the weighted average vesting term of the options. The fair value of stock options was estimated at the grant date using 
the following weighted average assumptions: 

Dividend yield
Volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected life of options
Weighted average grant date fair value

Year Ended
March 31, 2023

Year Ended
March 31, 2022

—  
95.53 %    
3.32 %    

6.00 years  
1.83  

  $

—  
95.65 %
1.30 %
5.75 years  
4.73  

  $

The fair value of each RSU is recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the vesting term of the award. The fair value is based on the closing 
stock price on the date of the grant.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes valuation model to calculate the fair value of shares issued pursuant to the ESPP. Stock-based compensation expense 
is recognized over the purchase period using the straight-line method. The fair value of ESPP shares was estimated at the purchase period commencement 
date using the following assumptions:

Dividend yield
Volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected term
Grant date fair value

Year Ended
March 31, 2023

Year Ended
March 31, 2022*

—  
86.58 %    
3.34 %    

6 months  
0.82  

  $

  $

—  
0.00 %
0.00 %
—  
—  

*There were no participants in the ESPP for the purchase periods March 1, 2021 – August 31, 2022 nor any participants in the ESPP for the current 
purchase period (beginning March 1, 2023).

F-16

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
 
The assumed dividend yield was based on the Company’s expectation of not paying dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company uses the Company-
specific historical volatility rate as the indicator of expected volatility. The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on U.S. Treasury rates. The 
expected life is the 6-month purchase period.

Note 7. Leases 

After the initial adoption of ASC 842, on an on-going basis, the Company evaluates all contracts upon inception and determines whether the contract 
contains a lease by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified asset in exchange 
for consideration over a period of time. If a lease is identified, the Company will apply the guidance from ASC 842 to properly account for the lease.

Operating Leases

From October 2019 to July 2021, the Company rented office space in Solana Beach, California. This agreement was a month-to-month contract and could 
be terminated at-will by either party at any time. As such, the Company concluded that this agreement did not contain a lease and was expensed as incurred 
(referred to as “rent expense”). Monthly rental payments were approximately $4,000 per month.

On November 23, 2020, the Company entered into two lease agreements, pursuant to which the Company temporarily leased approximately 3,212 square 
feet of lab and office space (the “Temporary Lease”) in San Diego and permanently leased approximately 8,051 square feet of office space (the “Permanent 
Lease”) in San Diego once certain tenant improvements for the Company’s permanent premises were completed by the landlord and the premises were 
ready for occupancy. Additionally, on November 17, 2021, the Permanent Lease was amended to add an additional 2,892 square feet of office space in the 
same building. The Temporary Lease commenced on November 27, 2020 and served as temporary premises until the Permanent Lease was ready for 
occupancy. The Permanent Lease commenced on December 17, 2021 and is intended to serve as the Company’s permanent premises for approximately 
sixty-two months. Monthly rental payments are approximately $40,900 with 3% annual escalators.

The Company determined that the Temporary Lease is considered a short term lease under ASC 842 and therefore elected an accounting policy for short 
term leases to recognize lease payments as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term (referred to as “short term lease expense”). Variable lease 
expenses related to the short term lease, such as payments for additional monthly fees to cover the Company’s share of certain facility expenses (common 
area maintenance, or CAM) are expensed as incurred. 

The Company determined that the Permanent Lease is considered an operating lease under ASC 842, and therefore upon the lease commencement date of 
December 17, 2021, recognized lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets of $2.3 million. The Company aggregates all lease and non-lease 
components for each class of underlying assets into a single lease component. As the Permanent Lease did not have a discount rate implicit in the lease, the 
Company estimated its incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments based on information available at the lease commencement. The 
Company records operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease (referred to as “operating lease expense”). Variable lease 
expenses associated with the Company’s leases, such as payments for additional monthly fees to cover the Company’s share of certain facility expenses 
(common area maintenance, or CAM) are expensed as incurred. 

F-17

 
 
 
 
The table below summarizes the Company’s lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

ASSETS
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Total lease right-of-use assets

LIABILITIES
Current
Operating lease liability

Noncurrent

Operating lease liability, net of current portion

Total lease liabilities

Weighted average remaining lease term:

Weighted average discount rate:

$
  $

$

$
$

March 31, 2023

1,705  
1,705  

492  

1,313  
1,805  

3.83 years  

6 %

The Company recorded rent expense of approximately zero and $18,000 for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Variable lease expense 
was approximately $146,000 and $59,000 for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Short term lease expense was approximately zero 
and $117,000 for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Lastly, operating lease expense was approximately $499,000 and $172,000 for 
the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cash outflows associated with the Company’s operating lease for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were $430,000 and $183,000, respectively.

Future lease payments relating to the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March, 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal year ending March 31, 2024
Fiscal year ending March 31, 2025
Fiscal year ending March 31, 2026
Fiscal year ending March 31, 2027
Thereafter
Total future lease payments
Less: Imputed Interest
Total lease obligations
Less: Current obligations
Noncurrent lease obligations

Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies 

Legal matters 

  $

  $

508  
523  
538  
460  
—  
2,029  
(224 )
1,805  
(492 )
1,313  

In addition to commitments and obligations in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject, from time to time, to various claims and 
pending and potential legal actions arising out of the normal conduct of its business. 

The Company assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in its financial statements. 
Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions could occur, assessing litigation contingencies is subjective and requires 
judgments about future events. When evaluating contingencies, the Company may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, 
including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of 
information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against it may be unsupported, exaggerated or unrelated to possible 
outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of its potential liability.

The Company regularly reviews contingencies to determine the adequacy of its accruals and related disclosures. During the period presented, the Company 
has not recorded any accrual for loss contingencies associated with any claims or legal proceedings; determined that an unfavorable outcome is probable or 
reasonably possible; or determined that the amount or range of any possible loss is reasonably estimable. However, the outcome of legal proceedings and 
claims brought against the Company is subject to 

F-18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
significant uncertainty. Therefore, although management considers the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote, if one or more legal matters were 
resolved against the Company in a reporting period, the Company’s consolidated financial statements for that reporting period could be materially 
adversely affected.

Note 9. Income Taxes 

A reconciliation of the statutory federal rate and the effective rate, for operations, is as follows for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, 
except percentages):

Tax computed at federal statutory rate
 State income tax, net of federal benefit
 Stock-based compensation
 Research credits
 Change in tax rate
 Removal of net operating losses and research development credits
 Other
 Valuation allowance
Provision (benefit) for income taxes

March 31,
2023

March 31,
2022

$

$

(3,624 )
(44 )
167  
60  
157  
1,410  
1  
1,873  
—  

21%   $
0.2%    
-1%    
-0.4%    
-0.9%    
-8.2%    
0%    
-10.7%    
0.0%   $

(2,404 )
(6 )
1,857  
(249 )
454  
2,269  
20  
(1,941 )
—  

21%
0%
-16.2%
2.1%
-4.0%
-19.8%
-0.1%
16.9%
0.0%

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting 
purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows as of March 31, 
2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages): 

Deferred tax assets:
Amortization
Section 174 R&D capitalization
Accrued expenses and reserves
Operating lease liability
Stock-based compensation
Inventory
Other, net
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
     Net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:

Operating lease right-of-use assets

Depreciation

Investment in equity securities

     Total deferred tax liabilities

March 31,
2023

March 31,
2022

$

$

$
$

598  
855  
116  
384  
755  
251  
3  
2,962  
(2,458 )
504  

(363 )

(135 )
(6 )

(504 )
—  

  $

  $

  $
  $

—  
—  
110  
611  
554  
—  
3  
1,278  
(583 )
695  

(603 )

(92 )
—  

(695 )
—  

A full valuation allowance has been established to offset the deferred tax assets as management cannot conclude that realization of such assets is more 
likely than not. Under the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Sections 382 and 383, annual use of the Company’s net operating loss and research tax credit 
carryforwards to offset taxable income may be limited based on cumulative changes in ownership. The Company has not completed an analysis to 
determine whether any such limitations have been triggered as of March 31, 2023. Until this analysis is completed, the Company has removed the deferred 
tax assets related to net operating losses from its deferred tax asset schedule. Further, until a study is completed and any limitation known, approximately 
$1.6 million and $1.5 million for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, would be considered as an uncertain tax position if netted against 
the deferred tax asset. Due to the existence of the valuation allowance, future changes in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits will not impact its 
effective tax rate. Any carryforwards that will expire prior to utilization as a result of such limitations will be removed from deferred tax assets with a 
corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by approximately $1,875,000 and decreased by approximately 
$1,941,000 for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

The Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $210.5 million and $40.9 million, respectively, as of March 31, 
2023. Federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $66.8 million will carryforward indefinitely and be available to offset up to 80% of future 
taxable income each year subject to revisions made by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and 

F-19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The remaining federal net operating losses will begin to expire in 2028, unless previously utilized. The state 
net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) will begin to expire in 2028, unless previously utilized. 

The Company had federal and state research tax credit carryforwards of approximately $4.7 million and $4.3 million at March 31, 2023, respectively. The 
federal research tax credit carryforwards begin expiring in 2028. The state research tax credit carryforwards do not expire. 

The Company did not record any accruals for income tax accounting uncertainties for the year ended March 31, 2023. 

The Company did not accrue either interest or penalties from inception through March 31, 2023. 

The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months. 

The Company is subject to tax in the United States and in California. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s tax years from inception are subject to 
examination by the tax authorities due to the generation of net operating losses. The Company is not currently under examination by any jurisdiction. 

Note 10. Concentrations 

Credit risk and significant customers

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of temporary cash investments. The Company 
maintains cash balances at various financial institutions located within the United States. Accounts at these institutions are secured by the Federal Deposit 
Insurance Corporation. Balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company is also potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk in its 
revenues and accounts receivable. However, the Company only receives royalty revenue from one licensee and has not historically experienced any 
accounts receivable write-downs. 

Note 11. Related Parties 

From time to time, the Company will enter into an agreement with a related party in the ordinary course of its business. These agreements are ratified by 
the Board or a committee thereof pursuant to its related party transaction policy.

Viscient Biosciences (“Viscient”) is an entity for which Keith Murphy, the Company’s Executive Chairman, serves as the Chief Executive Officer and 
President. Dr. Jeffrey Miner, the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer, is also the Chief Scientific Officer of Viscient, and Thomas Jurgensen, the Company’s 
General Counsel, previously served as outside legal counsel to Viscient through his law firm, Optima Law Group, APC.  

On December 28, 2020, the Company entered into an intercompany agreement (the “Intercompany Agreement”) with Viscient and Organovo, Inc., the 
Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, which included an asset purchase agreement for certain lab equipment. Pursuant to the Intercompany Agreement, the 
Company agreed to provide Viscient certain services related to 3D bioprinting technology, which includes, but is not limited to, histology services, cell 
isolation, and proliferation of cells and Viscient agreed to provide the Company certain services related to 3D bioprinting technology, including bioprinter 
training, bioprinting services, and qPCR assays, in each case on payment terms specified in the Intercompany Agreement and as may be further determined 
by the parties. In addition, the Company and Viscient each agreed to share certain facilities and equipment and, subject to further agreement, to each make 
certain employees available for specified projects for the other party at prices to be determined in good faith by the parties. The Company evaluated the 
accounting for the Intercompany Agreement and concluded that any services provided by Viscient to the Company will be expensed as incurred, and any 
compensation for services provided by the Company to Viscient will be considered a reduction of personnel related expenses. Any services provided to 
Viscient do not fall under Topic 606 as the Intercompany Agreement is not a contract with a customer. For the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the 
Company incurred approximately zero and $47,000 in consulting expenses from Viscient, respectively. Additionally, for the years ended March 31, 2023 
and 2022, the Company provided approximately $59,000 and $48,000 of histology services to Viscient, respectively.      

Note 12. Defined Contribution Plan

The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees. During the year ended March 31, 2015, the 401(k) plan was 
amended (the “Amended Plan”) to include an employer matching provision. Under the terms of the Amended Plan, the Company will make matching 
contributions on up to the first 6% of compensation contributed by its employees. Amounts expensed under the Company’s 401(k) plan for the years ended 
March 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $10,000 and $25,000, respectively.

F-20

 
 
Note 13. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies. 
Unless otherwise stated, the Company believes that the impact of the recently issued accounting pronouncements that are not yet effective will not have a 
material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

F-21

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. 

None. 

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the 
Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is 
accumulated and communicated to our management, including our executive chairman and our principal financial and accounting officer, as appropriate, to 
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

Under the supervision of our Executive Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, and with the participation of all members of management, we conducted 
an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on this 
evaluation, our executive chairman and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were designed and operating 
effectively as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. 

Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-
15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting is set forth below. 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our system of internal control over 
financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and the Board regarding the preparation and fair presentation of our 
consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. 

Our management, under the supervision of our Executive Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over 
financial reporting as of March 31, 2023. In making this assessment, we used the framework included in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the criteria set forth in Internal Control 
— Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2023. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during 
the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, to which this report relates that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially 
affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls 

Our management, including our Executive Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, do not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over 
financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, 
not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource 
constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no 
evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, 
if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur 
because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by 
management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and 
there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of 
controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in 
the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. 

Item 9B. Other Information. 

On July 12, 2023, the Board approved and adopted an amendment and restatement of our amended bylaws (as so amended and restated, the “Amended and 
Restated Bylaws”), effective as of such date. 

The amendments effected by the Amended and Restated Bylaws address the universal proxy rules promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange 
Commission, as set forth in Rule 14a-19 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”). The amendments require any stockholder 
providing advance notice of director nominations to comply with Rule 14a-19 of the 1934 Act, 

31

including applicable notice and solicitation requirements. We will disregard such nominations if the stockholder fails to timely provide reasonable evidence 
of its compliance with Rule 14a-19 of the 1934 Act.

The amendments also enhance disclosure requirements and procedural mechanics in connection with director nominations and business proposals by 
stockholders (other than proposals to be included in our proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the 1934 Act). The amendments require, among other 
information, additional background information and disclosures regarding proposing stockholders, proposed nominees and business, and other persons 
related to a stockholder’s solicitation of proxies. Further, a stockholder may not nominate a greater number of director candidates than there are director 
seats subject to election by stockholders at an annual meeting, and the Board may require any nominee to submit to interviews with the Board. In addition, 
any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, with the white proxy card 
being reserved for exclusive use by the Board.

The amendments also eliminate the requirement that we make a stockholder list available during a meeting of stockholders, consistent with recent 
amendments to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and make various other conforming, technical and non-substantive changes.

The foregoing description of the amendments effected by the Amended and Restated Bylaws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety 
by reference to the complete text of the Amended and Restated Bylaws, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.4 and incorporated herein by reference.  

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections. 

Not applicable.

32

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. 

PART III

Information relating to our directors, executive officers and corporate governance, including our Code of Business Conduct, will be included in the proxy 
statement for the 2023 annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders, expected to be filed within 120 days of the end of our most recently completed 
fiscal year, which is incorporated herein by reference. The full text of our Code of Business Conduct, which is the code of ethics that applies to all of our 
officers, directors and employees, can be found in the “Investors” section of our website accessible to the public at www.organovo.com. 

Item 11. Executive Compensation. 

Information relating to executive compensation will be included in the proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders, 
expected to be filed within 120 days of the end of our most recently completed fiscal year, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. 

The following table summarizes information about the Company’s equity compensation plans by type as of March 31, 2023: 

Plan category

(A)
Number of
securities to be
issued upon
exercise/vesting
of outstanding
options, warrants,
units and rights

(B)

  Weighted-average

exercise price
of outstanding
options, warrants,
units and rights

(C)
Number of
securities available
for future issuance
under Equity
Compensation Plans
(excluding securities
reflected in
column (A))

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (4)

1,528,934 (2)
50,000 (5)

  $
  $

6.62  
2.75  

1,129,897 (3)
1,000 (6)

(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Includes the 2008 Plan, the 2012 Plan, the 2022 Plan, and the ESPP. 
Includes stock options to purchase 1,401,217 shares of common stock with a per share weighted-average exercise price of $6.62. Also includes 
127,717 restricted stock units with no exercise price.
Includes 58,426 shares of common stock available for purchase under the ESPP as of March 31, 2023.
Includes the Inducement Award Agreements and the Inducement Plan
Includes 50,000 stock options with a per share exercise price of $2.75 granted pursuant to the Inducement Plan 
Includes 1,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the Inducement Plan.

Information relating to the beneficial ownership of our common stock will be included in the proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of the 
Company’s stockholders, expected to be filed within 120 days of the end of our most recently completed fiscal year, which is incorporated herein by 
reference. 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. 

Information relating to certain relationships and related transactions and director independence will be included in the proxy statement for the 2023 annual 
meeting of the Company’s stockholders, expected to be filed within 120 days of the end of our most recently completed fiscal year, which is incorporated 
herein by reference. 

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. 

Information relating to principal accountant fees and services will be included in the proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of the Company’s 
stockholders, expected to be filed within 120 days of the end of our most recently completed fiscal year, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. 

(a)

The following documents have been filed as part of this Annual Report: 

PART IV 

1. Consolidated Financial Statements: The information required by this item is included in Item 8 of Part II of this annual report. 

2.

Financial Statement Schedules: Financial statement schedules required under the related instructions are not applicable for the years ended 
March 31, 2023 and 2022 and have therefore been omitted. 

3.

Exhibits: The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index attached to this report are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this annual report. 

(b)

The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report. 

34

 
Exhibit No.

  2.1

  2.2

  3.1

  3.2

  3.3

  3.4*

  4.1*

10.1+

10.2+

10.3+

10.4+

10.5†

10.6†

10.7†

EXHIBIT INDEX

Description

  Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of December 13, 2019, by and among the Company, Opal Merger Sub, Inc. 
and Tarveda Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with 
the SEC on December 16, 2019).

  First Amendment to Merger Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2020, by and among the Company, Opal Merger Sub, Inc. and Tarveda 
Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on 
January 29, 2020). 

  Certificate of Incorporation of Organovo Holdings, Inc. (Delaware) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on February 3, 2012).

  Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Organovo Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the 

Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on July 27, 2018).

  Certificate of Second Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Organovo Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 

to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on August 17, 2020).

  Amended and Restated Bylaws of Organovo Holdings, Inc., effective as of July 12, 2023.

  Description of Securities.

  Organovo, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, 
as filed with the SEC on February 13, 2012).

   Organovo Holdings, Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on October 6, 2021).

  Form of Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.16 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on February 13, 2012).

  Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed 
with the SEC on February 13, 2012).

  License Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009, by and between Organovo, Inc. and the Curators of the University of Missouri 
(incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 11, 2012).

  License Agreement dated as of March 12, 2010 by and between the Company and the Curators of the University of Missouri (incorporated 
by reference from Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 11, 2012).

  License Agreement dated as of May 2, 2011, by and between the Company and Clemson University Research Foundation (incorporated by 
reference from Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 11, 2012).

10.8+

  Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to 

Exhibit 10.35 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on June 9, 2015).

10.9+

  Form of Executive Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the 

Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on June 9, 2015).

10.10+

  Organovo Holdings, Inc. Severance and Change in Control Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly 

Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015).

10.11+

  Amendment to the Organovo Holdings, Inc. Severance and Change in Control Plan, dated May 19, 2020 (incorporated by reference to 

Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 20, 2020).

10.12+

  Form of Organovo Holdings, Inc. Severance and Change in Control Plan Participation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 

10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015).

35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit No.

10.13+

  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Retention Form) under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan 
(incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on August 4, 2016).

Description

10.14+

  Form of Employee Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan 

(incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on August 4, 2016).

10.15+

  Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2012 Equity 

Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on 
August 4, 2016).

10.16+

  Organovo Holdings, Inc. 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current 

Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on August 18, 2016).

10.17+

  Organovo Holdings, Inc. Inducement Award Stock Option Agreement, dated April 24, 2017 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 

to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-217437), as filed with the SEC on April 24, 2017).

10.18+

  Organovo Holdings, Inc. Inducement Award Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, dated April 24, 2017 (incorporated by 
reference from Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-217437), as filed with the SEC on April 
24, 2017).

10.19+

  Organovo Holdings, Inc. Inducement Award Stock Option Agreement, dated August 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 

to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-226837), as filed with the SEC on August 14, 2018).

10.20+

  Organovo Holdings, Inc. Inducement Award Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, dated August 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference from 
Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-226837), as filed with the SEC on August 14, 2018).

10.21+

  Consulting Agreement, dated September 15, 2020, by and between Organovo and Multi Dimensional Bio Insight LLC. (incorporated by 

reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2020).

10.22+

  Consulting Agreement, dated August 25, 2020, by and between Organovo and Danforth Advisors (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 

10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2020).

10.23+

  Amendment No. 5 dated October 4, 2021 to Consulting Agreement dated August 25, 2021 by and between Company and Danforth 

Advisors LLC (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on 
October 6, 2021).

10.24+

  Offer Letter, dated September 15, 2020, between the Company and Jeffrey N. Miner (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the 

Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2020).

10.25+

  Engagement Agreement, dated July 23, 2020, by and between Organovo and Optima Law Group of San Diego (incorporated by reference 

from Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2020).

10.26

  Lease Agreement dated November 23, 2020, between Organovo Holdings, Inc. and San Diego Inspire 1, LLC (Permanent Lease 

Agreement 176640186.8) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the 
SEC on November 25, 2020).

10.27

  Amended and Restated Lease Agreement dated November 23, 2020, between Organovo, Inc., as Tenant, and San Diego Inspire 2, LLC, as 
Landlord, as amended by First Amendment to Amended & Restated Lease, dated November 17, 2021, between San Diego Inspire 2, LLC, 
as Landlord, and Organovo, Inc., as Tenant (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, 
as filed with the SEC on November 19, 2021).

10.28#

  Intercompany Agreement, dated December 28, 2020, by and among Organovo Holdings, Inc., Organovo, Inc. and Viscient Biosciences, 

Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on December 31, 
2020).

36

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit No.

Description

10.29+

  Offer Letter, dated December 28, 2020, between the Company and Tom Jurgensen (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the 

Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on February 8, 2021).

10.30

  Sales Agreement, dated March 16, 2018, by and among Organovo Holdings, Inc., H.C. Wainwright  & Co., LLC and Jones Trading 

Institutional Services LLC. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the 
SEC on March 16, 2018).

10.31+

  Organovo Holdings, Inc. 2021 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current 

Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on March 10, 2021).

10.32+

  Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Organovo Holdings, Inc. 2021 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
from Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-254714), as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2021).

10.33+

  Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Organovo Holdings, Inc. 2021 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by 

reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-254714), as filed with the SEC on March 
25, 2021).

10.34

10.35+

10.36+

10.37+

  Settlement and Patent License Agreement, dated February 22, 2022, by and between Organovo Holdings, Inc. and BICO Group AB.

  Organovo Holdings, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on October 14, 2022)

  Form of Global Stock Option Award Agreement under the Organovo Holdings, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
from Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-268001), filed with the SEC on October 25, 2022).

  Form of Global Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Organovo Holdings, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporate3 by 
reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-268001), filed with the SEC on October 25, 
2022).

10.38*

  Purchase Agreement, dated March 10, 2023, by and between Organovo Holdings, Inc. and Metacrine, Inc.

21.1* 

  Subsidiaries of Organovo Holdings, Inc.

23.1*

24.1*

31.1*

  Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

  Power of Attorney (included on signature page hereto).

  Certification of Chief Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended.

31.2*

  Certification of Chief Financial Officer a Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 

amended.

32.1*

  Certifications Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

101.INS*

  Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH*

  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL*

  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF*

  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB*

  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE*

  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

104

  Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* Filed herewith.
+ Designates management contracts and compensation plans. 
† This Exhibit has been filed separately with the Secretary of the Securities and Exchange Commission without the redaction pursuant to a Confidential 
Treatment Request under Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

37

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
# Certain identified information has been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K because such information is both (i) not material and (ii) 
would likely cause competitive harm to the Registrant if publicly disclosed. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of the 
unredacted exhibit upon request by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

38

Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on 
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

SIGNATURES

ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC.

By:

/s/ Keith Murphy

Keith Murphy

Executive Chairman

Date: July 13, 2023

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Keith Murphy and Thomas 
Jurgensen, and each of them individually, as the undersigned’s true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and 
resubstitution, for the undersigned and in the undersigned’s name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Report, 
and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto 
said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be 
done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as the undersigned might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that all 
said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their respective substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates 
indicated.

/s/ Keith Murphy
Keith Murphy

/s/ Thomas Hess
Thomas Hess

/s/ Adam Stern
Adam Stern

/s/ Douglas Cohen
Douglas Cohen

/s/ David Gobel
David Gobel

/s/ Vaidehi Joshi

Vaidehi Joshi

/s/ Alison Milhous
Alison Milhous

Signature

Title

  Executive Chairman 

(Principal Executive Officer)

  Chief Financial Officer 

(Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer)

  Director 

  Director

  Director

  Director

  Director

39

Date

July 13, 2023

July 13, 2023

July 13, 2023

July 13, 2023

July 13, 2023

July 13, 2023

July 13, 2023

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF

ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC.

Exhibit 3.4

 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARTICLE I - CORPORATE OFFICES

1.1
1.2

REGISTERED OFFICE
OTHER OFFICES
ARTICLE II - MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14

PLACE OF MEETINGS
ANNUAL MEETING
SPECIAL MEETING
ADVANCE NOTICE PROCEDURES
NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
QUORUM
ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
VOTING

STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING
RECORD DATES
PROXIES
LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE
INSPECTORS OF ELECTION

ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11

POWERS
NUMBER OF DIRECTORS
ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS
RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES
PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE
REGULAR MEETINGS
SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE
QUORUM; VOTING
BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING

FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

ARTICLE IV - COMMITTEES

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS
COMMITTEE MINUTES
MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES
SUBCOMMITTEES

ARTICLE V - OFFICERS

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7

OFFICERS
APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS
SUBORDINATE OFFICERS
REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS
VACANCIES IN OFFICES
REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS
AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS

ARTICLE VI - STOCK

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7

STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES
SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES
LOST CERTIFICATES
DIVIDENDS
TRANSFER OF STOCK
STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS
REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS

ARTICLE VII - MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE AND WAIVER

7.1
7.2
7.3

NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION
NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS SHARING AN ADDRESS
i

Page

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17

 
7.4
7.5

NOTICE TO PERSON WITH WHOM COMMUNICATION IS UNLAWFUL
WAIVER OF NOTICE
ARTICLE VIII - INDEMNIFICATION

8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12

INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN THIRD PARTY PROCEEDINGS
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE CORPORATION
SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE
INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS
ADVANCE PAYMENT OF EXPENSES
LIMITATION ON INDEMNIFICATION
DETERMINATION; CLAIM
NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS
INSURANCE

SURVIVAL
EFFECT OF REPEAL OR MODIFICATION
CERTAIN DEFINITIONS

ARTICLE IX - GENERAL MATTERS

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS
FISCAL YEAR
SEAL
CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS

ARTICLE X - AMENDMENTS
ARTICLE XI - EXCLUSIVE FORUM

ii

18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22

 
 
BYLAWS OF ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC.

__________________________

ARTICLE I - CORPORATE OFFICES

1.1 REGISTERED OFFICE

The registered office of Organovo Holdings, Inc. shall be fixed in the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, as the same may be amended 

from time to time.

1.2 OTHER OFFICES

The  corporation’s  board  of  directors  may  at  any  time  establish  other  offices  at  any  place  or  places  where  the  corporation  is  qualified  to  do 

business.

2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS

ARTICLE II - MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside the State of Delaware, designated by the board of directors.  The board of 
directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of 
remote communication as authorized by Section 211(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (as amended, the “DGCL”).  In the 
absence of any such designation or determination, stockholders’ meetings shall be held at the corporation’s then-principal executive office.

2.2 ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year.  The board of directors shall designate the date and time of the annual meeting.  In 
the absence of such designation the annual meeting of stockholders shall be held on the second Tuesday of May of each year at 10:00 a.m.  However, if 
such day falls on a legal holiday, then the meeting shall be held at the same time and place on the next succeeding business day.  At the annual meeting, 
directors shall be elected and any other proper business, brought in accordance with Section 2.4 of these bylaws, may be transacted.

2.3 SPECIAL MEETING

(i) A special meeting of the stockholders, other than those required by statute, may be called at any time by the board of directors, 
chairperson of the board of directors, chief executive officer or president (in the absence of a chief executive officer), but a special meeting may not be 
called by any other person or persons.  The board of directors may cancel, postpone or reschedule any previously scheduled special meeting at any time, 
before or after the notice for such meeting has been sent to the stockholders.

(ii) The notice of a special meeting shall include the purpose for which the meeting is called.  Only such business shall be conducted 
at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors, chairperson of the board 
of directors, chief executive officer or president (in the absence of a chief executive officer).  Nothing contained in this Section 2.3(ii) shall be construed as 
limiting, fixing or affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the board of directors may be held.

2.4 ADVANCE NOTICE PROCEDURES

conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.  To be 

(i) Advance Notice of Stockholder Business at Annual Meeting.  At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be 

1

 
 
properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be brought: (A) pursuant to the corporation’s proxy materials with respect to such meeting, (B) 
by or at the direction of the board of directors, or (C) by a stockholder of the corporation who (1) is a stockholder of record at the time of the giving of the 
notice required by this Section 2.4(i) and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting and (2) has timely 
complied in proper written form with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.4(i).  In addition, for business to be properly brought before an annual 
meeting by a stockholder, such business must be a proper matter for stockholder action pursuant to these bylaws and applicable law.  Except for proposals 
properly  made  in  accordance  with  Rule  14a‐8  under  the  Securities  Exchange Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  and  the  rules  and  regulations  thereunder  (as  so 
amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “1934 Act”), clause (C) above shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to bring business 
before an annual meeting of stockholders.

(a) To comply with clause (C) of Section 2.4(i) above, a stockholder’s notice must set forth all information required under 
this Section 2.4(i) and must be timely received by the secretary of the corporation.  To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be received by the secretary at 
the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the forty-fifth (45th) day nor earlier than 9:00 a.m. Pacific Time 
on  the  seventy-fifth  (75th)  day  before  the  one-year  anniversary  of  the  date  on  which  the  corporation  first  mailed  its  proxy  materials  or  a  notice  of 
availability of proxy materials (whichever is earlier) for the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that no annual meeting 
was held in the previous year or if the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than thirty (30) days prior to or delayed by more than sixty (60) days 
after the one (1)-year anniversary of the date of the previous year’s annual meeting, then, for notice by the stockholder to be timely, it must be so received 
by the secretary not earlier than 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m. 
Pacific  Time  on  the  later  of  (i)  the  ninetieth  (90th)  day  prior  to  such  annual  meeting,  or  (ii)  the  tenth  (10th)  day  following  the  day  on  which  Public 
Announcement  (as  defined  below)  of  the  date  of  such  annual  meeting  is  first  made.    In  no  event  shall  any  adjournment  or  postponement  of  an  annual 
meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described in this Section 2.4(i)(a).  “Public 
Announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable national news service 
or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act.

(b) To  be  in  proper  written  form,  a  stockholder’s  notice  to  the  secretary  must  set  forth  as  to  each  matter  of  business  the 
stockholder intends to bring before the annual meeting: (1) a brief description of the business intended to be brought before the annual meeting and the 
reasons  for  conducting  such  business  at  the  annual  meeting,  (2)  the  name  and  address,  as  they  appear  on  the  corporation’s  books,  of  the  stockholder 
proposing such business and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), (3) the class, series and number of shares of stock and debt instruments 
of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, held of record or are beneficially owned by the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person and any 
derivative positions held or beneficially held by the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person as of the date of delivery of such notice, (4) any (i) 
agreement, arrangement or understanding (including, without limitation and regardless of the form of settlement, any derivative, long or short positions, 
profit interests, forwards, futures, swaps, options, warrants convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging or other transaction or series 
of  transactions  and  borrowed  or  loaned  shares  of  stock)  that  has  been  entered  into  by  or  on  behalf  of  such  stockholder  or  any  Stockholder Associated 
Person  with  respect  to  any  securities  of  the  corporation  (any  of  the  foregoing,  a  “Derivative  Instrument”),  including  the  full  notional  amount  of  any 
securities  that,  directly  or  indirectly,  underlie  any  Derivative  Instrument  and  (ii)  other  agreement,  arrangement  or  understanding  the  effect  or  intent  of 
which is to create or mitigate loss to, or to manage the risk or benefit from share price changes for, or to increase or decrease the voting power of, such 
stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person with respect to any securities of the corporation, (5) any right to dividends on the corporation’s securities 
beneficially owned by the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person that are separated or separable from the underlying security, (6) any material 
interest of the stockholder or a Stockholder Associated Person in such business, (7) a representation and undertaking that the stockholder is a holder of 
record of stock of the corporation as of the date of delivery of such notice and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such 
business before the annual meeting, (8) any other information relating to the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person or others acting in concert 
with  them,  or  the  proposed  business  that,  in  each  case,  would  be  required  to  be  disclosed  in  a  proxy  statement  or  other  filings  required  to  be  made  in 
connection  with  the  solicitation  of  proxies  in  support  of  such  proposal  pursuant  to  Section  14  of  the  1934 Act  and  (9)  a  statement  whether  either  such 
stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person will deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the voting power 
of the corporation’s voting shares required under applicable law 

2

 
 
to carry the proposal (such information provided and statements made as required by clauses (1) through (9), a “Business Solicitation Statement”).  In 
addition, to be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the secretary must be supplemented not later than ten (10) days following the record date 
for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, and ten (10) days following the record date for the determination of stockholders 
entitled to vote at the meeting (if that record date is different than the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting), to 
disclose  the  information  contained  in  clauses  (3)  and  (4)  above  as  of  the  applicable  record  date.    For  purposes  of  this  Section  2.4,  a  “Stockholder 
Associated Person” of any stockholder shall mean (i) any person controlling, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with, such stockholder, (ii) any 
beneficial owner of shares of stock of the corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder and on whose behalf the proposal or nomination, 
as the case may be, is being made or (iii) any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such person referred to in the preceding 
clauses (i) and (ii).

(c) Without exception, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the provisions set 
forth in this Section 2.4(i) and, if applicable, Section 2.4(ii) hereof.  In addition, business proposed to be brought by a stockholder may not be brought 
before the annual meeting if such stockholder or a Stockholder Associated Person, as applicable, takes action contrary to the representations made in the 
Business  Solicitation  Statement  applicable  to  such  business  or  if  the  Business  Solicitation  Statement  applicable  to  such  business  contains  an  untrue 
statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.  The chairperson of the annual meeting 
shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare at the annual meeting that business was not properly brought before the annual meeting and in accordance 
with the provisions of this Section 2.4(i), and, if the chairperson should so determine, he or she shall so declare at the annual meeting that any such business 
not properly brought before the annual meeting shall not be conducted.

(ii) Advance  Notice  of  Director  Nominations  at  Annual  Meetings.    Notwithstanding  anything  in  these  bylaws  to  the  contrary,  only 
persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.4(ii) shall be eligible for election or re-election as directors at an 
annual meeting of stockholders.  Nominations of persons for election or re-election to the board of directors of the corporation shall be made at an annual 
meeting of stockholders only (A) by or at the direction of the board of directors or (B) by a stockholder of the corporation who (1) was a stockholder of 
record at the time of the giving of the notice required by this Section 2.4(ii), on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of the 
annual meeting and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting and (2) has complied with the notice 
procedures set forth in this Section 2.4(ii).  In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, the stockholder 
must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the secretary of the corporation.

(a) To  comply  with  clause  (B)  of  Section  2.4(ii)  above,  (1)  a  nomination  to  be  made  by  a  stockholder  must  set  forth  all 
information  required  under  this  Section  2.4(ii)  and  must  be  received  by  the  secretary  of  the  corporation  at  the  then-principal  executive  offices  of  the 
corporation at the time set forth in, and in accordance with, the final three sentences of Section 2.4(i)(a) above, (2) the stockholder must have compiled in 
all respects with the requirements of Section 14 of the 1934 Act, including, without limitation, the requirements of Rule 14a-19 under the 1934 Act (“Rule 
14a-19”) (as such rule and regulations thereunder may be amended from time to time by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including 
any  SEC  Staff  interpretations  relating  thereto)  and  (3)  the  board  of  directors  or  an  executive  officer  designated  thereby  shall  have  determined  that  the 
stockholder has satisfied the requirements of this clause (2) of Section 2.4(ii)(a), including without limitation the satisfaction of any undertaking delivered 
under Section 2.4(ii)(b) below.  In no event may a stockholder provide notice with respect to a greater number of director candidates than there are director 
seats subject to election by stockholders at the annual meeting.

(b) To be in proper written form, such stockholder’s notice to the secretary must set forth:

(1) as to each person (a “nominee”) whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a 
director: (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of the nominee, (B) the principal occupation or employment of the nominee, (C) the 
class, series and number of shares of the corporation that are held of record or are beneficially owned by the nominee and any Derivative Instruments held 
or  beneficially  held  by  the  nominee,  including  the  full  notional  amount  of  any  securities  that,  directly  or  indirectly,  underlie  any  such  Derivative 
Instruments, (D)  any other agreement, arrangement or understanding that has been made 

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the effect or intent of which is to create or mitigate loss to, or to manage the risk or benefit of share price changes for, or to increase or decrease the voting 
power of the nominee with respect to the corporation’s securities, (E) a description of all compensatory, payment, indemnification or other arrangements or 
understandings between or among the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which 
the  nominations  are  to  be  made  by  the  stockholder  or  concerning  the  nominee’s  potential  service  on  the  board  of  directors  (such  arrangement  or 
understanding, a “Third-Party Compensation Arrangement”), (F) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding between the nominating 
stockholder or the Stockholder Associated Person, on the one hand, and the nominee, on the other hand, related to any subject matter that will be material 
in such nominating stockholder’s solicitation of stockholders (including, without limitation, matters of social, labor, environmental and governance policy), 
regardless  of  whether  such  agreement,  arrangement  or  understanding  relates  specifically  to  the  corporation,  (G)  a  description  of  any  direct  or  indirect 
material interest in any material contract or agreement between or among any nominating stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, on the one hand, 
and  each  nominee  or  his  or  her  respective  associates  or  any  other  participants  in  such  solicitation,  on  the  other  hand,  including,  without  limitation,  all 
information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such nominating stockholder or Stockholder Associated 
Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant, (H) a completed and signed 
questionnaire, representation and agreement as provided in Section 2.4(ii)(c) and (I) any other information relating to the nominee that would be required to 
be disclosed about such nominee if proxies were being solicited for the election or re-election of the nominee as a director, or that is otherwise required, in 
each case pursuant to Section 14 under the 1934 Act; and

(2) as  to  such  stockholder  giving  notice,  (A)  the  information  required  to  be  provided  pursuant  to  clauses  (2) 
through  (8)  of  Section  2.4(i)(b)  above,  and  the  supplement  referenced  in  the  second  sentence  of  Section  2.4(i)(b)  above  (except  that  the  references  to 
“business” in such clauses shall instead refer to nominations of directors for purposes of this paragraph), (B) a written representation to the corporation that 
such stockholder has complied in all respects with the requirements of Section 14 of the 1934 Act, including, without limitation, the requirements of Rule 
14a-19 (as such rule and regulations thereunder may be amended from time to time by the SEC, including any SEC Staff interpretations relating thereto), 
(C) a written undertaking by such stockholder giving notice or, if the notice is given on behalf of a beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is 
made, by such beneficial owner, that such stockholder or beneficial owner will deliver to beneficial owners of shares representing at least 67% of the voting 
power  of  the  stock  entitled  to  vote  generally  in  the  election  of  directors  either  (x)  at  least  20  calendar  days  before  the  annual  meeting,  a  copy  of  its 
definitive proxy statement for the solicitation of proxies for its nominee or (y) at least 40 calendar days before the annual meeting, a Notice of Internet 
Availability of Proxy Materials that would satisfy the requirements of Rule 14a-16(d) of the 1934 Act, (D) a description of any agreement, arrangement or 
understanding (whether oral or written) between any nominating stockholder, on the one hand, and a Stockholder Associated Person, on the other hand, 
related  to  any  subject  matter  that  will  be  material  in  the  nominating  stockholder’s  solicitation  of  stockholders  (including,  without  limitation,  matters  of 
social,  labor,  environmental  and  governance  policy),  regardless  of  whether  such  agreement,  arrangement  or  undertaking  relates  specifically  to  the 
corporation,  (E)  with  respect  to  each  Stockholder Associated  Person,  the  information  that  would  be  disclosed  with  respect  to  them  under  Item  5(b)  of 
Schedule 14A under the 1934 Act, assuming that each such person was deemed a “participant” as defined in paragraphs (a)(ii), (iii), (iv), (v) and (vi) of 
Instruction  3  to  Item  4  of  Schedule  14A  and  (F)  such  other  information  as  may  be  reasonably  requested  by  the  corporation  to  facilitate  disclosure  to 
stockholders of all material facts that, in the reasonable discretion of the corporation, are relevant for stockholders to make an informed decision on the 
director election proposal, including information regarding any Stockholder Associated Person (such information provided and statements made as required 
by clauses (A) to (F) above, a “Nominee Solicitation Statement”).

(c) To be eligible to be a nominee of any stockholder for election or re-election as a director of the corporation, the nominee 
must provide to the secretary, in accordance with the applicable time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under Section 2.4(ii)(a) above or Section 
2.4(iii) below: (1) a signed and completed written questionnaire (in the form provided by the secretary at the written request of the nominating stockholder, 
which form will be provided by the secretary within ten (10) days of receiving such request) containing information regarding such nominee’s background, 
qualifications, stock ownership, independence and such other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of 
such  nominee  to  serve  as  a  director  of  the  corporation  or  to  serve  as  an  independent  director  of  the  corporation  and  (2)  a  written  representation  and 
undertaking executed by the nominee (in the form provided by the secretary at the written request of the nominating 

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stockholder, which form will be provided by the secretary within ten (10) days of receiving such request) whereby the nominee (i) consents to being named 
as a nominee of such stockholder, (ii) consents to serving as a director of the corporation if elected and intends to serve a full term on the board of directors, 
(iii) agrees to be named in any proxy materials, including the associated proxy cards, relating to the corporation’s next annual meeting or special meeting, 
as applicable, pursuant to Rule 14a-19, (iv) acknowledges that as a director of the corporation, the nominee will owe fiduciary duties under Delaware law 
with respect to the corporation and its stockholders, (v) unless previously disclosed to the corporation, a statement that such nominee is not, and will not 
become,  a  party  to  any  voting  agreement,  arrangement,  commitment,  assurance  or  understanding  with  any  person  or  entity  as  to  how  such  nominee,  if 
elected as a director, will vote on any issue (a “Voting Commitment”) or any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such nominee’s ability 
to comply, if elected as a director of the corporation, with such nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (vi) unless previously disclosed to the 
corporation, a statement that such nominee is not, and will not become, a party to any Third-Party Compensation Arrangement; (vii) a statement that if such 
nominee is elected as a director, such nominee would be in compliance, and will continue to comply, with all applicable rules of any securities exchanges 
upon which the corporation’s securities are listed, the corporation’s corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership and trading 
guidelines, and other policies and guidelines applicable to directors and in effect during such person’s term in office as a director (and, if requested by any 
nominee, the secretary will provide to such nominee all such policies and guidelines then in effect) and (viii) a statement that such nominee will provide 
facts, statements and other information in all communications with the corporation and its stockholders that are or will be true and correct in all material 
respects and that do not and will not omit to state any fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they 
are made, not misleading in any material respect.

(d) At the request of the board of directors, any person nominated by a stockholder for election or re-election as a director 
must furnish to the secretary of the corporation (1) such information required to be set forth in the stockholder’s notice of nomination of such person as a 
director as of a date subsequent to the date on which the notice of such person’s nomination was given, (2) such other information as may reasonably be 
required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director or audit committee financial expert of 
the corporation under applicable law, securities exchange rule or regulation, or any publicly disclosed corporate governance guideline or committee charter 
of the corporation and (3) such other information that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of 
such nominee.  If requested by the corporation, any supplemental information required under this paragraph shall be provided by such stockholder within 
ten (10) days after it has been requested by the corporation.  In addition, the board of directors may require any nominee to submit to interviews with the 
board  of  directors  or  any  committee  thereof,  and  such  nominee  shall  make  himself  or  herself  available  for  any  such  interviews  within  ten  (10)  days 
following any reasonable request therefor from the board of directors or any committee thereof.  In the absence of the furnishing of any such information of 
the  kind  specified  in  this  Section  2.4(ii)(d)  if  requested,  such  stockholder’s  nomination  shall  not  be  considered  in  proper  form  pursuant  to  this  Section 
2.4(ii).

(e) Without exception, no person shall be eligible for election or re-election as a director of the corporation at an annual 
meeting of stockholders unless nominated in accordance with the provisions set forth in this Section 2.4(ii).  In addition, no later than five (5) business days 
prior to the annual meeting or any adjournment, rescheduling, postponement or other delay thereof, a stockholder nominating individuals for election or re-
election  as  a  director  will  provide  the  corporation  with  reasonable  evidence  that  such  stockholder  has  met  the  requirements  of  Rule  14a-19.  
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these bylaws, unless otherwise required by law, if any stockholder (x) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19 
and (y) subsequently (1) notifies the corporation that such stockholder no longer intends to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the 
corporation’s director nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19, (2) fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19 or (3) fails to timely provide 
such reasonable evidence, update, supplement or additional information sufficient to satisfy the corporation that such requirements have been met, such 
stockholder’s nomination(s) shall be deemed null and void and the corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for any nominee proposed by 
such stockholder, notwithstanding that such proxies may have been received by the corporation and counted for the purposes of determining quorum.  A 
nominee  shall  not  be  eligible  for  election  or  re-election  if  a  stockholder  or  Stockholder Associated  Person,  as  applicable,  takes  action  contrary  to  the 
representations  made  in  the  Nominee  Solicitation  Statement  applicable  to  such  nominee  or  if  the  Nominee  Solicitation  Statement  applicable  to  such 
nominee or any other information provided to the corporation by or on behalf of such nominee contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to 
state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.  The chairperson 

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of  the  annual  meeting  shall,  if  the  facts  warrant,  determine  and  declare  at  the  annual  meeting  that  a  nomination  was  not  made  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  prescribed  by  these  bylaws,  and  if  the  chairperson  should  so  determine,  he  or  she  shall  so  declare  at  the  annual  meeting,  and  the  defective 
nomination shall be disregarded.

(iii) Advance Notice of Director Nominations for Special Meetings.

(a) For a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected or re-elected pursuant to Section 2.3 hereof, 
nominations of persons for election to the board of directors shall be made only (1) by or at the direction of the board of directors or (2) by any stockholder 
of the corporation who (A) is a stockholder of record at the time of the giving of the notice required by this Section 2.4(iii), on the record date for the 
determination of stockholders entitled to notice of the special meeting and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the 
special  meeting  and  (B)  delivers  a  timely  written  notice  of  the  nomination  to  the  secretary  of  the  corporation  that  includes  the  information  set  forth  in 
Sections 2.4(ii)(b) and (ii)(c) above.  To be timely, such notice must be received by the secretary at the then-principal executive offices of the corporation 
not later than 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which 
Public Announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the board of directors to be elected or re-elected at 
such meeting.  A person shall not be eligible for election or re-election as a director at a special meeting unless the person is nominated (i) by or at the 
direction of the board of directors or (ii) by a stockholder in accordance with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.4(iii).  In addition, a nominee 
shall not be eligible for election or re-election if a stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, as applicable, takes action contrary to the representations 
made in the Nominee Solicitation Statement applicable to such nominee or if the Nominee Solicitation Statement applicable to such nominee contains an 
untrue  statement  of  a  material  fact  or  omits  to  state  a  material  fact  necessary  to  make  the  statements  therein  not  misleading.   Any  person  nominated  in 
accordance with this Section 2.4(iii) is subject to, and must comply with, the provisions of Section 2.4(ii)(c). 

(b) The chairperson of the special meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that a nomination 
or business was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these bylaws, and if the chairperson should so determine, he or she shall so 
declare at the meeting, and the defective nomination or business shall be disregarded.

(iv) Other Requirements and Rights.  

(a) A  stockholder  shall  update  and  supplement  its  notice  to  the  corporation  of  its  intent  to  propose  business  at  an  annual 
meeting,  and  a  nominee  shall  further  update  and  supplement  the  materials  delivered  pursuant  to  this  Section  2.4,  if  necessary,  so  that  the  information 
provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.4 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to 
notice of the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and 
supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than five (5) business 
days after the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record 
date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date of the meeting and, if practical, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not 
practical, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement 
required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). 

(b) For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement, or provide additional information or evidence, as 
set  forth  in  these  bylaws  shall  not  limit  the  corporation’s  rights  with  respect  to  any  deficiencies  in  any  notice  provided  by  a  stockholder,  extend  any 
applicable deadlines pursuant to these bylaws or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice pursuant to these bylaws 
to amend or update any nomination or to submit any new nomination.  No disclosure pursuant to these bylaws will be required with respect to the ordinary 
course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is the stockholder submitting a notice pursuant to 
this Section 2.4 solely because such broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee has been directed to prepare and submit the notice 
required by these bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner.

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(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.4, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a 
qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear in person at the applicable meeting to present a nomination or other proposed business, such 
nomination  will  be  disregarded  or  such  proposed  business  will  not  be  transacted,  as  the  case  may  be,  notwithstanding  that  proxies  in  respect  of  such 
nomination  or  business  may  have  been  received  by  the  corporation  and  counted  for  purposes  of  determining  a  quorum.    For  purposes  of  this  Section 
2.4(iv), to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or 
must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as 
proxy  at  the  applicable  meeting,  and  such  person  must  produce  such  writing  or  electronic  transmission,  or  a  reliable  reproduction  of  the  writing  or 
electronic transmission, at the applicable meeting. 

(d) In  addition  to  the  foregoing  provisions  of  this  Section  2.4,  a  stockholder  must  also  comply  with  all  applicable 
requirements of state law and of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.4, including, 
with respect to business such stockholder intends to bring before the annual meeting that involves a proposal that such stockholder requests to be included 
in the corporation’s proxy statement, the requirements of Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the 1934 Act.  Nothing in this Section 2.4 shall be 
deemed  to  affect  any  right  of:  (1)  a  stockholder  to  request  inclusion  of  proposals  in  the  corporation’s  proxy  statement  pursuant  to  Rule  14a-8  (or  any 
successor provision) under the 1934 Act or (2) the corporation to omit a proposal from the corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any 
successor provision) under the 1934 Act.

2.5 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS

Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state 
the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be 
present in person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the 
record  date  for  determining  stockholders  entitled  to  notice  of  the  meeting,  and,  in  the  case  of  a  special  meeting,  the  purpose  or  purposes  for  which  the 
meeting  is  called.    Except  as  otherwise  provided  in  the  DGCL,  the  certificate  of  incorporation  or  these  bylaws,  the  written  notice  of  any  meeting  of 
stockholders shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such 
meeting as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting.

2.6 QUORUM

The holders of one-third of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a 
quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the stockholders.  Where a separate vote by a class or series or classes or series is required, one-
third of the outstanding shares of such class or series or classes or series, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to 
take action with respect to that vote on that matter, except as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.

If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then either (i) the chairperson of the meeting, or (ii) 
the  stockholders  entitled  to  vote  at  the  meeting,  present  in  person  or  represented  by  proxy,  shall  have  power  to  adjourn  the  meeting  from  time  to  time, 
without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present or represented.  At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present 
or represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed.

2.7 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE

When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting 
if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present 
in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.  At the adjourned meeting, the corporation 
may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.  If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, a notice of the 
adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the 

7

 
 
meeting.  If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the board of directors shall fix a 
new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting in accordance with Section 213(a) of the DGCL and Section 2.11 of these bylaws, and shall give 
notice  of  the  adjourned  meeting  to  each  stockholder  of  record  entitled  to  vote  at  such  adjourned  meeting  as  of  the  record  date  fixed  for  notice  of  such 
adjourned meeting.

2.8 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS

The chairperson of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation 

of the manner of voting and the conduct of business.

2.9 VOTING

The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.11 of these 
bylaws, subject to Section 217 (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors and joint owners of stock) and Section 218 (relating to voting trusts and 
other voting agreements) of the DGCL.

Except as may be otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, each stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each 

share of capital stock held by such stockholder.

Except as otherwise required by law, the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws, (i) shareholder action (except for bylaw amendments, which 
will require a majority of shares entitled to vote, and election of directors) will be based on the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast and (ii) 
broker non-votes and abstentions will be considered for purposes of establishing a quorum but will not be considered as votes cast for or against a proposal 
or director nominee.

Except as otherwise required by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the voting power 
of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors.  Where a separate vote by a class or 
series or classes or series is required, in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares of such class or series 
or classes or series present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting shall be the act of such class or series or classes or series, except as otherwise 
provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.

2.10

STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING

Subject  to  the  rights  of  the  holders  of  any  series  of  preferred  stock,  any  action  required  or  permitted  to  be  taken  by  the  stockholders  of  the 
Corporation  must  be  effected  at  a  duly  called  annual  or  special  meeting  of  stockholders  of  the  Corporation  and  may  not  be  effected  by  any  consent  in 
writing by such stockholders; provided, however, that stockholders may take action by written consent if the action to be effected by written consent and 
the taking of such action by written consent are approved in advance by resolution of the board of directors.

2.11

RECORD DATES

In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the 
board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the 
board of directors and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting.  If the board of 
directors  so  fixes  a  date,  such  date  shall  also  be  the  record  date  for  determining  the  stockholders  entitled  to  vote  at  such  meeting  unless  the  board  of 
directors  determines,  at  the  time  it  fixes  such  record  date,  that  a  later  date  on  or  before  the  date  of  the  meeting  shall  be  the  date  for  making  such 
determination.

If no record date is fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of 
stockholders shall be at 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time 
on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.

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A  determination  of  stockholders  of  record  entitled  to  notice  of  or  to  vote  at  a  meeting  of  stockholders  shall  apply  to  any  adjournment  of  the 
meeting;  provided,  however,  that  the  board  of  directors  may  fix  a  new  record  date  for  determination  of  stockholders  entitled  to  vote  at  the  adjourned 
meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that 
fixed  for  determination  of  stockholders  entitled  to  vote  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Section  213  of  the  DGCL  and  this  Section  2.11  at  the 
adjourned meeting.

In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any 
rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful 
action, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, 
and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action.  If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders 
for any such purpose shall be at 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

2.12

PROXIES

Each  stockholder  entitled  to  vote  at  a  meeting  of  stockholders  may  authorize  another  person  or  persons  to  act  for  such  stockholder  by  proxy 
authorized by an instrument in writing or by a transmission permitted by law filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting, but no 
such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.  The revocability of a proxy that states 
on its face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section 212 of the DGCL.

A written proxy may be in the form of a telegram, cablegram, or other means of electronic transmission which sets forth or is submitted with 
information from which it can be determined that the telegram, cablegram, or other means of electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder.  
Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for 
exclusive use by the board of directors.

2.13

LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE

The  officer  who  has  charge  of  the  stock  ledger  of  the  corporation  shall  prepare  and  make,  at  least  ten  (10)  days  before  every  meeting  of 
stockholders,  a  complete  list  of  the  stockholders  entitled  to  vote  at  the  meeting;  provided,  however,  if  the  record  date  for  determining  the  stockholders 
entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth (10th) day before the 
meeting  date,  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  and  showing  the  address  of  each  stockholder  and  the  number  of  shares  registered  in  the  name  of  each 
stockholder.  The corporation shall not be required to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list.  Such list shall 
be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting: (i) on a 
reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) 
during ordinary business hours, at the corporation’s principal place of business.  In the event that the corporation determines to make the list available on an 
electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation.  Such list 
shall presumptively determine the identity of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and the number of shares held by each of them.

2.14

INSPECTORS OF ELECTION

Before  any  meeting  of  stockholders,  the  board  of  directors  shall  appoint  an  inspector  or  inspectors  of  election  to  act  at  the  meeting  or  its 
adjournment.  The number of inspectors shall be either one (1) or three (3).  If any person appointed as inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, 
then the chairperson of the meeting may, and upon the request of any stockholder or a stockholder’s proxy shall, appoint a person to fill that vacancy.

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Such inspectors shall:

existence of a quorum, and the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies;

(i) determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the number of shares represented at the meeting, the 

(ii) receive votes, ballots or consents;

(iii) hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote;

(iv) count and tabulate all votes or consents;

(v) determine when the polls shall close;

(vi) determine the result; and

(vii)

do any other acts that may be proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders.

The inspectors of election shall perform their duties impartially, in good faith, to the best of their ability and as expeditiously as is practical.  If 
there are three (3) inspectors of election, the decision, act or certificate of a majority is effective in all respects as the decision, act or certificate of all.  Any 
report or certificate made by the inspectors of election is prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

3.1 POWERS

ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS

The  business  and  affairs  of  the  corporation  shall  be  managed  by  or  under  the  direction  of  the  board  of  directors,  except  as  may  be  otherwise 

provided in the DGCL or the certificate of incorporation.

3.2 NUMBER OF DIRECTORS

The board of directors shall consist of one or more members, each of whom shall be a natural person.  Unless the certificate of incorporation 
fixes the number of directors, the number of directors shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the board of directors.  No reduction of the 
authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before that director’s term of office expires.

3.3 ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS

Except  as  provided  in  Section  3.4  of  these  bylaws,  each  director,  including  a  director  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy,  shall  hold  office  until  the 
expiration  of  the  term  for  which  elected  and  until  such  director’s  successor  is  elected  and  qualified  or  until  such  director’s  earlier  death,  resignation  or 
removal.  Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.  The certificate of incorporation or these 
bylaws may prescribe other qualifications for directors.

If so provided in the certificate of incorporation, the directors of the corporation shall be divided into three classes.

3.4 RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES

Any  director  may  resign  at  any  time  upon  notice  given  in  writing  or  by  electronic  transmission  to  the  corporation.   A  resignation  is  effective 
when the resignation is delivered unless the resignation specifies a later effective date or an effective date determined upon the happening of an event or 
events.  A resignation which is conditioned upon the director failing to receive a specified vote for reelection as a director may provide that it is 

10

 
 
irrevocable.  Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, when one or more directors resign from the board of directors, 
effective  at  a  future  date,  a  majority  of  the  directors  then  in  office,  including  those  who  have  so  resigned,  shall  have  power  to  fill  such  vacancy  or 
vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective.

Unless  otherwise  provided  in  the  certificate  of  incorporation  or  these  bylaws,  vacancies  and  newly  created  directorships  resulting  from  any 
increase in the authorized number of directors elected by all of the stockholders having the right to vote as a single class may be filled by a majority of the 
directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.  If the directors are divided into classes, a person so elected by the 
directors then in office to fill a vacancy or newly created directorship shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such director shall have 
been chosen and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.

If  at  any  time,  by  reason  of  death  or  resignation  or  other  cause,  the  corporation  should  have  no  directors  in  office,  then  any  officer  or  any 
stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of a stockholder, or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate of 
a stockholder, may call a special meeting of stockholders in accordance with the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, or may apply 
to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily ordering an election as provided in Section 211 of the DGCL.

If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office constitute less than a majority of the whole 
board of directors (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders 
holding at least 10% of the voting stock at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any 
such  vacancies  or  newly  created  directorships,  or  to  replace  the  directors  chosen  by  the  directors  then  in  office  as  aforesaid,  which  election  shall  be 
governed by the provisions of Section 211 of the DGCL as far as applicable.

3.5 PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE

The board of directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.

Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, members of the board of directors, or any committee designated 
by  the  board  of  directors,  may  participate  in  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  directors,  or  any  committee,  by  means  of  conference  telephone  or  other 
communications  equipment  by  means  of  which  all  persons  participating  in  the  meeting  can  hear  each  other,  and  such  participation  in  a  meeting  shall 
constitute presence in person at the meeting.

3.6 REGULAR MEETINGS

Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by 

the board of directors.

3.7 SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE

Special meetings of the board of directors for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the chairperson of the board of directors, the 

chief executive officer, the president, the secretary or a majority of the authorized number of directors.

Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be:

(i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone;

(ii) sent by United States first-class mail, postage prepaid;

(iii) sent by facsimile; or

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(iv) sent by electronic mail,

directed to each director at that director’s address, telephone number, facsimile number or electronic mail address, as the case may be, as shown on the 
corporation’s records.

If  the  notice  is  (i)  delivered  personally  by  hand,  by  courier  or  by  telephone,  (ii)  sent  by  facsimile  or  (iii)  sent  by  electronic  mail,  it  shall  be 
delivered or sent at least 24 hours before the time of the holding of the meeting.  If the notice is sent by United States mail, it shall be deposited in the 
United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting.  Any oral notice may be communicated to the director.  The notice 
need not specify the place of the meeting (if the meeting is to be held at the corporation’s principal executive office) nor the purpose of the meeting.

3.8 QUORUM; VOTING

At all meetings of the board of directors, a majority of the total authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of 
business.  If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, 
without  notice  other  than  announcement  at  the  meeting,  until  a  quorum  is  present.   A  meeting  at  which  a  quorum  is  initially  present  may  continue  to 
transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting.

The vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors, except as 

may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.

If  the  certificate  of  incorporation  provides  that  one  or  more  directors  shall  have  more  or  less  than  one  vote  per  director  on  any  matter,  every 

reference in these bylaws to a majority or other proportion of the directors shall refer to a majority or other proportion of the votes of the directors.

3.9 BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING

Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the 
board of directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board of directors or committee, as the case may be, 
consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of 
proceedings of the board of directors or committee.  Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic 
form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

3.10

FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

Unless  otherwise  restricted  by  the  certificate  of  incorporation  or  these  bylaws,  the  board  of  directors  shall  have  the  authority  to  fix  the 

compensation of directors.

3.11

REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

Any director may be removed from office by the stockholders of the corporation only for cause.

No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of such director’s term 

of office.

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4.1 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

ARTICLE IV - COMMITTEES

The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the authorized number of directors, designate one or more committees, each 
committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation.  The board of directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of 
any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  In the absence or disqualification of a member of a 
committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a 
quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.  
Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of directors or in these bylaws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and 
authority of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be 
affixed to all papers that may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) approve or adopt, or recommend to the stockholders, 
any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii) 
adopt, amend or repeal any bylaw of the corporation.

4.2 COMMITTEE MINUTES

Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required.

4.3 MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES

Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken in accordance with, the provisions of:

(i) Section 3.5 (place of meetings and meetings by telephone);

(ii) Section 3.6 (regular meetings);

(iii) Section 3.7 (special meetings and notice);

(iv) Section 3.8 (quorum; voting);

(v) Section 7.5 (waiver of notice); and

(vi) Section 3.9 (action without a meeting)

with such changes in the context of those bylaws as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the board of directors and its members.  
However:

committee;

(i)

the time of regular meetings of committees may be determined either by resolution of the board of directors or by resolution of the 

(ii) special meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of the board of directors; and

(iii) notice  of  special  meetings  of  committees  shall  also  be  given  to  all  alternate  members,  who  shall  have  the  right  to  attend  all 
meetings  of  the  committee.   The  board  of  directors  may  adopt  rules  for  the  governance  of  any  committee  not  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of  these 
bylaws.

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Any provision in the certificate of incorporation providing that one or more directors shall have more or less than one vote per director on any 

matter shall apply to voting in any committee or subcommittee, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.

4.4 SUBCOMMITTEES

Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, these bylaws or the resolutions of the board of directors designating the committee, 
a  committee  may  create  one  or  more  subcommittees,  each  subcommittee  to  consist  of  one  or  more  members  of  the  committee,  and  delegate  to  a 
subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee.

5.1 OFFICERS

ARTICLE V - OFFICERS

The officers of the corporation shall be a president and a secretary.  The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the board of directors, a 
chairperson of the board of directors, a vice chairperson of the board of directors, a chief executive officer, a chief financial officer or treasurer, one or more 
vice presidents, one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more assistant treasurers, one or more assistant secretaries, and any such other officers as may 
be appointed in accordance with the provisions of these bylaws.  Any number of offices may be held by the same person.

5.2 APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS

The board of directors shall appoint the officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of 

Section 5.3 of these bylaws, subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment.

5.3 SUBORDINATE OFFICERS

The  board  of  directors  may  appoint,  or  empower  the  chief  executive  officer  or,  in  the  absence  of  a  chief  executive  officer,  the  president,  to 
appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the corporation may require.  Each of such officers and agents shall hold office for such period, 
have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these bylaws or as the board of directors may from time to time determine.

5.4 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS

Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an 
affirmative  vote  of  the  majority  of  the  board  of  directors  at  any  regular  or  special  meeting  of  the  board  of  directors  or,  except  in  the  case  of  an  officer 
chosen by the board of directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the board of directors.

Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the corporation.  Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that 
notice or at any later time specified in that notice.  Unless otherwise specified in the notice of resignation, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be 
necessary to make it effective.  Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a 
party.

5.5 VACANCIES IN OFFICES

Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation shall be filled by the board of directors or as provided in Section 5.3 hereof.

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5.6 REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS

The chairperson of the board of directors, the president, any vice president, the treasurer, the secretary or assistant secretary of this corporation, 
or any other person authorized by the board of directors or the president or a vice president, is authorized to vote, represent, and exercise on behalf of this 
corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation.  The authority granted 
herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such 
person having the authority.

5.7 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS

All  officers  of  the  corporation  shall  respectively  have  such  authority  and  perform  such  duties  in  the  management  of  the  business  of  the 
corporation as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or the stockholders and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to 
their respective offices, subject to the control of the board of directors.

6.1 STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES

ARTICLE VI - STOCK

The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the board of directors may provide by resolution or resolutions 
that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares.  Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a 
certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation.  Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate 
signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the chairperson of the board of directors or vice-chairperson of the board of directors, or the president or a 
vice-president, and by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation representing the number of shares 
registered in certificate form.  Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.  In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has 
signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is 
issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.  The 
corporation shall not have power to issue a certificate in bearer form.

The corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid 
therefor.  Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such partly-paid shares, or upon the books and records of the corporation in 
the case of uncertificated partly-paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated.  Upon the 
declaration of any dividend on fully-paid shares, the corporation shall declare a dividend upon partly-paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis 
of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.

6.2 SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES

If the corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the 
preferences,  and  the  relative,  participating,  optional  or  other  special  rights  of  each  class  of  stock  or  series  thereof  and  the  qualifications,  limitations  or 
restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to 
represent  such  class  or  series  of  stock;  provided,  however,  that,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  Section  202  of  the  DGCL,  in  lieu  of  the  foregoing 
requirements  there  may  be  set  forth  on  the  face  or  back  of  the  certificate  that  the  corporation  shall  issue  to  represent  such  class  or  series  of  stock,  a 
statement  that  the  corporation  will  furnish  without  charge  to  each  stockholder  who  so  requests  the  powers,  designations,  preferences  and  relative, 
participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences 
and/or rights.  Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a 
written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to this Section 6.2 or Sections 156, 202(a) or 218(a) of 
the DGCL or with respect to this Section 6.2 a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, 

15

 
 
designations,  preferences  and  relative,  participating,  optional  or  other  special  rights  of  each  class  of  stock  or  series  thereof  and  the  qualifications, 
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.  Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of 
uncertificated stock and the rights and obligations of the holders of certificates representing stock of the same class and series shall be identical.

6.3 LOST CERTIFICATES

Except as provided in this Section 6.3, no new certificates for shares shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is 
surrendered to the corporation and cancelled at the same time.  The corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of 
any  certificate  theretofore  issued  by  it,  alleged  to  have  been  lost,  stolen  or  destroyed,  and  the  corporation  may  require  the  owner  of  the  lost,  stolen  or 
destroyed certificate, or such owner’s legal representative, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made 
against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.

6.4 DIVIDENDS

The board of directors, subject to any restrictions contained in the certificate of incorporation or applicable law, may declare and pay dividends 
upon the shares of the corporation’s capital stock.  Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the corporation’s capital stock, subject to the 
provisions of the certificate of incorporation.

The  board  of  directors  may  set  apart  out  of  any  of  the  funds  of  the  corporation  available  for  dividends  a  reserve  or  reserves  for  any  proper 
purpose and may abolish any such reserve.  Such purposes shall include but not be limited to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of 
the corporation, and meeting contingencies.

6.5 TRANSFER OF STOCK

Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by an attorney 
duly  authorized,  and,  if  such  stock  is  certificated,  upon  the  surrender  of  a  certificate  or  certificates  for  a  like  number  of  shares,  properly  endorsed  or 
accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer.

6.6 STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS

The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock 
of the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not 
prohibited by the DGCL.

6.7 REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS

The corporation:

to vote as such owner;

(i) shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and 

(ii) shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments the person registered on its books as the owner of shares; and

whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.

(iii) shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of another person, 

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ARTICLE VII - MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE AND WAIVER

7.1 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS

Notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder 
at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the corporation’s records.  An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation or of the 
transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated 
therein.

7.2 NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION

Without  limiting  the  manner  by  which  notice  otherwise  may  be  given  effectively  to  stockholders  pursuant  to  the  DGCL,  the  certificate  of 
incorporation or these bylaws, any notice to stockholders given by the corporation under any provision of the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation or 
these bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given.  Any such consent 
shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the corporation.  Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if:

such consent; and

(i)

the corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the corporation in accordance with 

responsible for the giving of notice.

(ii) such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation or to the transfer agent, or other person 

However, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.

Any notice given pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall be deemed given:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;

if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;

if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the 
later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and

(iv)

if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.

An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that the notice has been given by a 

form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

An “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record 
that  may  be  retained,  retrieved  and  reviewed  by  a  recipient  thereof,  and  that  may  be  directly  reproduced  in  paper  form  by  such  a  recipient  through  an 
automated process.

Notice by a form of electronic transmission shall not apply to Section 164, 296, 311, 312 or 324 of the DGCL.

7.3 NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS SHARING AN ADDRESS

Except  as  otherwise  prohibited  under  the  DGCL,  without  limiting  the  manner  by  which  notice  otherwise  may  be  given  effectively  to 
stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the corporation under the provisions of the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws shall 
be effective if given by a single written notice to 

17

 
 
stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given.  Any such consent shall be revocable 
by the stockholder by written notice to the corporation.  Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the corporation, within sixty (60) days of having 
been given written notice by the corporation of its intention to send the single notice, shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written 
notice.

7.4 NOTICE TO PERSON WITH WHOM COMMUNICATION IS UNLAWFUL

Whenever  notice  is  required  to  be  given,  under  the  DGCL,  the  certificate  of  incorporation  or  these  bylaws,  to  any  person  with  whom 
communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority 
or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person.  Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person 
with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given.  In the event that the action taken by the 
corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under the DGCL, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice 
was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.

7.5 WAIVER OF NOTICE

Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, a written waiver, 
signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time of the event 
for  which  notice  is  to  be  given,  shall  be  deemed  equivalent  to  notice.   Attendance  of  a  person  at  a  meeting  shall  constitute  a  waiver  of  notice  of  such 
meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business 
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.  Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the 
stockholders  need  be  specified  in  any  written  waiver  of  notice  or  any  waiver  by  electronic  transmission  unless  so  required  by  the  certificate  of 
incorporation or these bylaws.

8.1 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN THIRD PARTY PROCEEDINGS

ARTICLE VIII - INDEMNIFICATION

Subject  to  the  other  provisions  of  this Article VIII,  the  corporation  shall  indemnify,  to  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  the  DGCL  or  any  other 
applicable  laws,  as  now  or  hereinafter  in  effect,  any  person  who  was  or  is  a  party  or  is  threatened  to  be  made  a  party  to  any  threatened,  pending  or 
completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”) (other than an action by or in the right of the 
corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the corporation 
serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, 
against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection 
with such Proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the 
corporation,  and,  with  respect  to  any  criminal  action  or  proceeding,  had  no  reasonable  cause  to  believe  such  person’s  conduct  was  unlawful.    The 
termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a 
presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of 
the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such person’s conduct was unlawful.

8.2 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE CORPORATION

Subject  to  the  other  provisions  of  this Article VIII,  the  corporation  shall  indemnify,  to  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  the  DGCL  or  any  other 
applicable  laws,  as  now  or  hereinafter  in  effect,  any  person  who  was  or  is  a  party  or  is  threatened  to  be  made  a  party  to  any  threatened,  pending  or 
completed action or suit by or in the right of the 

18

 
 
corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was a director 
or  officer  of  the  corporation  serving  at  the  request  of  the  corporation  as  a  director,  officer,  employee  or  agent  of  another  corporation,  partnership,  joint 
venture,  trust  or  other  enterprise  against  expenses  (including  attorneys’  fees)  actually  and  reasonably  incurred  by  such  person  in  connection  with  the 
defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to 
the best interests of the corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have 
been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought 
shall  determine  upon  application  that,  despite  the  adjudication  of  liability  but  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case,  such  person  is  fairly  and 
reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

8.3 SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE

To  the  extent  that  a  present  or  former  director  or  officer  of  the  corporation  has  been  successful  on  the  merits  or  otherwise  in  defense  of  any 
action,  suit  or  proceeding  described  in  Section  8.1  or  8.2  hereof,  or  in  defense  of  any  claim,  issue  or  matter  therein,  such  person  shall  be  indemnified 
against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.

8.4 INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS

Subject to the other provisions of this Article VIII, the corporation shall have power to indemnify its employees and agents to the fullest extent 
not  prohibited  by  the  DGCL  or  any  other  applicable  laws.    The  board  of  directors  shall  have  the  power  to  delegate  to  such  person  or  persons  the 
determination of whether employees or agents shall be indemnified.

8.5 ADVANCE PAYMENT OF EXPENSES

Expenses  (including  attorneys’  fees)  incurred  by  an  officer  or  director  of  the  corporation  in  defending  any  Proceeding  shall  be  paid  by  the 
corporation  in  advance  of  the  final  disposition  of  such  Proceeding  upon  receipt  of  a  written  request  therefor  (together  with  documentation  reasonably 
evidencing such expenses) and an undertaking by or on behalf of the person to repay such amounts if it shall ultimately be determined that the person is not 
entitled to be indemnified under this Article VIII or the DGCL.  Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other 
employees  and  agents  of  the  corporation  or  by  persons  serving  at  the  request  of  the  corporation  as  directors,  officers,  employees  or  agents  of  another 
corporation,  partnership,  joint  venture,  trust  or  other  enterprise  may  be  so  paid  upon  such  terms  and  conditions,  if  any,  as  the  corporation  deems 
appropriate.  The right to advancement of expenses shall not apply to any claim for which indemnity is excluded pursuant to these bylaws, but shall apply 
to any Proceeding referenced in Section 8.6(ii) or 8.6(iii) hereof prior to a determination that the person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to Section 8.8 hereof, no advance shall be made by the corporation to an 
officer  of  the  corporation  (except  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  such  officer  is  or  was  a  director  of  the  corporation,  in  which  event  this  paragraph  shall  not 
apply) in any Proceeding if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such Proceeding, 
even though less than a quorum, (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) 
if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that facts known to the decision-making party 
at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not 
believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation.

19

 
 
8.6 LIMITATION ON INDEMNIFICATION

Subject to the requirements in Section 8.3 hereof and the DGCL, the corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any person pursuant to this 

Article VIII in connection with any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding):

vote or otherwise, except with respect to any excess beyond the amount paid;

(i)

for which payment has actually been made to or on behalf of such person under any statute, insurance policy, indemnity provision, 

local statutory law or common law, if such person is held liable therefor (including pursuant to any settlement arrangements);

(ii) for an accounting or disgorgement of profits pursuant to Section 16(b) of the 1934 Act, or similar provisions of federal, state or 

(iii) for any reimbursement of the corporation by such person of any bonus or other incentive-based or equity-based compensation or 
of  any  profits  realized  by  such  person  from  the  sale  of  securities  of  the  corporation,  as  required  in  each  case  under  the  1934 Act  (including  any  such 
reimbursements that arise from an accounting restatement of the corporation pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-
Oxley Act”), or the payment to the corporation of profits arising from the purchase and sale by such person of securities in violation of Section 306 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act), if such person is held liable therefor (including pursuant to any settlement arrangements);

(iv) initiated by such person, including any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) initiated by such person against the corporation 
or its directors, officers, employees, agents or other indemnitees, unless (a) the board of directors authorized the Proceeding (or the relevant part of the 
Proceeding) prior to its initiation, (b) the corporation provides the indemnification, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation 
under applicable law, (c) otherwise required to be made under Section 8.7 hereof or (d) otherwise required by applicable law; or

(v) if prohibited by applicable law.

8.7 DETERMINATION; CLAIM

If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article VIII is not paid in full within ninety (90) days after receipt by the 
corporation of the written request therefor, the claimant shall be entitled to an adjudication by a court of competent jurisdiction of his or her entitlement to 
such indemnification or advancement of expenses.  The corporation shall indemnify such person against any and all expenses that are incurred by such 
person in connection with any action for indemnification or advancement of expenses from the corporation under this Article VIII, to the extent such person 
is successful in such action, and to the extent not prohibited by law.  In any such suit, the corporation shall, to the fullest extent not prohibited by law, have 
the burden of proving that the claimant is not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses.

8.8 NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS

The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any 
other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the certificate of incorporation or any statute, bylaw, 
agreement,  vote  of  stockholders  or  disinterested  directors  or  otherwise,  both  as  to  action  in  such  person’s  official  capacity  and  as  to  action  in  another 
capacity while holding such office.  The corporation is specifically authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its directors, officers, 
employees or agents respecting indemnification and advancement of expenses, to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL or other applicable law.

8.9 INSURANCE

The  corporation  may  purchase  and  maintain  insurance  on  behalf  of  any  person  who  is  or  was  a  director,  officer,  employee  or  agent  of  the 
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, 
trust or other enterprise against any liability 

20

 
 
asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the corporation 
would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.

8.10

SURVIVAL

The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred by this Article VIII shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a 

director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

8.11

EFFECT OF REPEAL OR MODIFICATION

A right to indemnification or to advancement of expenses arising under a provision of the certificate of incorporation or a bylaw shall not be 
eliminated or impaired by an amendment to the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws after the occurrence of the act or omission that is the subject of 
the civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification or advancement of expenses is sought, unless the 
provision in effect at the time of such act or omission explicitly authorizes such elimination or impairment after such action or omission has occurred.

8.12

CERTAIN DEFINITIONS

For  purposes  of  this  Article  VIII,  references  to  the  “corporation”  shall  include,  in  addition  to  the  resulting  corporation,  any  constituent 
corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have 
had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of 
such  constituent  corporation,  or  is  or  was  serving  at  the  request  of  such  constituent  corporation  as  a  director,  officer,  employee  or  agent  of  another 
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the 
resulting  or  surviving  corporation  as  such  person  would  have  with  respect  to  such  constituent  corporation  if  its  separate  existence  had  continued.    For 
purposes of this Article VIII, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes 
assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the corporation” shall include any service as a 
director,  officer,  employee  or  agent  of  the  corporation  which  imposes  duties  on,  or  involves  services  by,  such  director,  officer,  employee  or  agent  with 
respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed 
to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best 
interests of the corporation” as referred to in this Article VIII.

9.1 EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS

ARTICLE IX - GENERAL MATTERS

Except as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the board of directors may authorize any officer or officers, 
or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any document or instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation; such authority may be 
general or confined to specific instances.  Unless so authorized or ratified by the board of directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, 
agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for 
any purpose or for any amount.

9.2 FISCAL YEAR

The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors and may be changed by the board of directors.

21

 
 
9.3 SEAL

The corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be adopted and which may be altered by the board of directors.  The corporation may 

use the corporate seal by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.

9.4 CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS

Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction, and definitions in the DGCL shall govern the construction of 
these bylaws.  Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the 
term “person” includes both a corporation and a natural person.

ARTICLE X - AMENDMENTS

These  bylaws  may  be  adopted,  amended  or  repealed  by  the  stockholders  entitled  to  vote.    However,  the  corporation  may,  in  its  certificate  of 
incorporation, confer the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws upon the directors.  The fact that such power has been so conferred upon the directors 
shall not divest the stockholders of the power, nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws.

A bylaw amendment adopted by stockholders which specifies the votes that shall be necessary for the election of directors shall not be further 

amended or repealed by the board of directors.

ARTICLE XI - EXCLUSIVE FORUM

Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the 
Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another state or federal court located in the State of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be 
the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a 
fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or stockholder of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation’s stockholders, (3) any action arising 
pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, or these Bylaws or the corporation’s certificate of incorporation (as either may be amended from time to time), or 
(4) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.  Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in 
shares of capital stock of the corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article XI.  Notwithstanding anything 
otherwise  to  the  contrary  herein,  the  provisions  of  this Article  XI  will  not  apply  to  suits  brought  to  enforce  a  duty  or  liability  created  by  the  federal 
securities laws or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

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ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC.

CERTIFICATE OF BYLAWS
_________________________

The undersigned hereby certifies that he or she is the duly elected, qualified, and acting Secretary or Assistant Secretary of Organovo Holdings, 

Inc., a Delaware corporation and that the foregoing bylaws were adopted and ratified by the corporation’s board of directors on July 12, 2023.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his or her hand this 12th day of July, 2023.

/s/ Thomas Jurgensen
Thomas Jurgensen
Secretary

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DESCRIPTION OF ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC.’S SECURITIES 
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE 
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Exhibit 4.1

The following description of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Organovo Holdings, Inc. (“us,” “our,” “we,” or the “Company”), 

which is the only security of the Company registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”),  
summarizes certain information regarding the common stock in our certificate of incorporation, as amended, our by-laws, as amended, and applicable 
provisions of Delaware general corporate law (the “DGCL”), and is qualified by reference to our certificate of incorporation, our certificate of amendment 
of certificate of incorporation, our by-laws and our amendment to bylaws, which are incorporated by reference as Exhibit 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5, 
respectively, to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2023.

Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, 

par value $0.001 per share.

General

As of March 31, 2023, our certificate of incorporation, as amended (the “certificate of amendment”), authorizes us to issue up to (i) 200,000,000 

shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and (ii) 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. 

On August 18, 2020, we effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock. As a result of the reverse stock split, every twenty 
(20) shares of our pre-reverse split common stock were combined and reclassified into one (1) share of common stock. The reverse stock split had no effect 
on the number of authorized shares of common or preferred stock, or on the stated par value per share of our common stock.

The following is a summary of the material provisions of the common stock and preferred stock provided for in our Certificate of Incorporation and 

bylaws, as amended (the “bylaws”). For additional detail about our capital stock, please refer to our Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws.

Common Stock

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ONVO”.

Voting: Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a stockholder vote, except matters that relate 

only to a series of our preferred stock.

The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of 
directors. Generally, all matters to be voted on by stockholders must be approved by a majority (or, in the case of election of directors, by a plurality) of the 
votes entitled to be cast by all shares of common stock that are present in person or represented by proxy. Except as otherwise provided by law, 
amendments to the certificate of incorporation generally must be approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by all outstanding shares of 
common stock. The certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. The common stock holders will be 
entitled to such cash dividends as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors from funds available. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or 
winding up, the common stock holders will be entitled to receive pro rata all assets available for distribution to such holders.

Dividends: Subject to limitations under Delaware law and preferences that may apply to any then-outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of 
common stock are entitled to share ratably in dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors in its discretion from funds 
legally available therefor.

 
 
 
 
Dividends, if any, will be contingent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, and capital requirements and financial conditions. The payment of 
dividends, if any, will be within the discretion of our board of directors. We presently intend to retain all earnings, if any, and accordingly our board of 
directors does not anticipate declaring any dividends prior to a business combination.

Liquidation: In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of common stock are entitled to share pro rata all assets remaining 
after payment in full of all liabilities and after providing for each class of stock, if any, having preference over the common stock, subject to the liquidation 
preference of any then outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Miscellaneous: Holders of our common stock have no pre-emptive rights, no conversion rights and there are no redemption provisions applicable to 
our common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of 
the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

Preferred Stock

Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series 

without stockholder approval. Our board of directors has the discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting 
rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock. There are no restrictions 
presently on the repurchase or redemption of any shares of our preferred stock.

The issuance of preferred stock will affect, and may adversely affect, the rights of holders of common stock. It is not possible to state the actual 

effect of the issuance of any shares of preferred stock on the rights of holders of common stock until the board of directors determines the specific rights 
attached to that preferred stock. The effects of issuing preferred stock could include one or more of the following:

•

•

•

•

restricting dividends on the common stock;

diluting the voting power of the common stock;

impairing the liquidation rights of the common stock; or

delaying or preventing changes in control or management of our company.

We have no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock nor are any shares of our preferred stock presently outstanding. 

Effect of Certain Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from 

acquiring control of us. These provisions, which are summarized below, may have the effect of discouraging takeover bids. These provisions are also 
designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of 
increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to 
acquire us because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.

 
 
 
Classified Board. Our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws provide that our board of directors is divided into three classes, consisting of two 
Class I directors, two Class II directors and two Class III directors. The directors designated as Class I directors have a term expiring at our annual meeting 
of stockholders in 2026. The directors designated as Class II directors have a term expiring at our annual meeting of stockholders in 2025, and the directors 
designated as a Class III directors have a term expiring at our annual meeting of stockholders in 2023. Directors for each class will be elected at the annual 
meeting of stockholders held in the year in which the term for that class expires and thereafter will serve for a term of three years. At any meeting of 
stockholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, the election will be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders 
entitled to vote at the election. Under the classified board provisions, it will take at least two elections of directors for any individual or group to gain 
control of our board. Accordingly, these provisions could discourage a third party from initiating a proxy contest, making a tender offer or otherwise 
attempting to gain control of us.

Undesignated preferred stock. The authority of our board of directors to issue preferred stock could potentially be used to discourage attempts by 

third parties to obtain control of our company through a merger, tender offer, proxy contest, or otherwise by making it more difficult or more costly to 
obtain control of our company. Our board of directors may issue preferred stock with voting rights or conversion rights that, if exercised, could adversely 
affect the voting power of the holders of common stock.

Advanced Notice Requirement. Stockholder nominations of individuals for election to our board of directors and stockholder proposals of other 

matters to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders must comply with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws. Generally, to 
be timely, such notice must be received at our principal executive offices no later than the date specified in our proxy statement released to stockholders in 
connection with the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders, which date shall be not earlier than the 75th day, nor later than the close of business 
on the 45th day, prior to the one-year anniversary of the date on which we first mailed our proxy materials or a notice of availability of proxy materials 
(whichever is earlier) for the preceding year’s annual meeting.

Special Meeting Requirements. Our bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may only be called at the request of a majority of the 

authorized number of members of the board of directors, chairperson of the board of directors, chief executive officer, president or secretary. Only such 
business shall be considered at a special meeting as shall have been stated in the notice for such meeting.

No Stockholder Action by Written Consent Except with Prior Board Approval: Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that no action 
shall be taken by our stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders called in accordance with the Bylaws, and no action shall be 
taken by our stockholders by written consent, except if the action to be effected by written consent and the taking of such action by written action is 
approved in advance by resolution of the board of directors.

No Cumulative Voting. Our certificate of incorporation does not include a provision for cumulative voting for directors.

Removal of Directors. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that the holders of our voting stock may only remove our directors for 

cause.

Authorized but Unissued Shares. Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock will be available for future issuance 

without stockholder approval. We may use additional shares for a variety of purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, to fund 
acquisitions and as employee compensation. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock could render more 
difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

 
 
 
Size of Board and Vacancies. Our bylaws provide that the number of directors on our board of directors is fixed exclusively by our board of 
directors. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in our authorized number of directors will be filled by a majority of our 
board of directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.

Indemnification. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that we will indemnify our officers and directors against losses as they 

incur in investigations and legal proceedings resulting from their services to us, which may include service in connection with takeover defense measures.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 

generally prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years 
following the date on which the person became an interested stockholder unless:

•

•

•

prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction 
which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at 
least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining 
the voting stock outstanding, but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder, (1) shares owned by persons who are 
directors and also officers and (2) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine 
confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or 

at or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board of directors of the corporation and 
authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 662/3% of the 
outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, Section 203 defines business combination to include the following:

•

•

•

•

•

any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of either the assets or outstanding stock of the 
corporation involving the interested stockholder;

subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the 
interested stockholder;

any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the 
corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through 
the corporation.

In general, Section 203 defines interested stockholder as an entity or person who, together with affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or within 

three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

The provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting 

hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual 
or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these 
provisions may make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

 
 
 
 
Final Form

ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT

ACQUISITION OF CERTAIN ASSETS OF

METACRINE, INC.

BY 

ORGANOVO, INC.

DATED AS OF March 10, 2023

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT

THIS ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT is made as of March 10, 2023 by and between ORGANOVO, INC., a Delaware corporation 

(“Purchaser”), and METACRINE, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Seller”).

RECITALS:

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, Seller desires to sell, convey, transfer, assign and deliver to Purchaser, and 
Purchaser desires to purchase and acquire from Seller, free and clear of all Encumbrances other than the Assumed Liabilities, all of Seller’s 
right, title and interest in and to all of the Purchased Assets (the “Acquisition”).

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of 

which are hereby expressly acknowledged, the Parties, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

1.1 Definitions.  As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

“Activities to Date” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 3.8(a).

“Acquisition” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Recitals.

“Affiliate”  means  with  respect  to  any  Person,  any  other  Person  directly  or  indirectly  controlling,  controlled  by,  or  under  common 
control with such Person; provided, that, for purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled 
by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to 
direct  or  cause  the  direction  of  the  management  and  policies  of  such  Person,  whether  through  the  ownership  of  voting  securities  or  by 
contract or otherwise. 

“Agreement” means this Asset Purchase Agreement.

“API” means an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

“Assignment and Assumption Agreement” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.5(b).

“Assumed Liabilities” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.3.

“Basket” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 7.5(a).

“Cap” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 7.5(b).

“Claim” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 3.7.

“Closing” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.6.

“Closing Date” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.6.

“Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Contract” means any contract or agreement, whether oral or written, between the Seller and any other Person(s).

“Control”  or  “Controlled,”  with  respect  to  any  Information  or  Intellectual  Property  Right,  possession  by  an  entity  of  the  ability 

(whether by ownership, license or otherwise) to grant access to, to grant use of, 

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or to grant a license or a sublicense of or under such Information or Intellectual Property Right without violating the terms of any agreement 
or other arrangement with any third party.  

“Covered Employees” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 6.7(b).

“Delivery Date” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.1(d).

“Encumbrance”  shall  mean  any  lien,  pledge,  hypothecation,  charge,  mortgage,  security  interest,  encumbrance,  equity,  trust, 
equitable interest, claim, preference, right of possession, lease, tenancy, license, encroachment, covenant, infringement, interference, Order, 
proxy,  option,  right  of  first  refusal,  right  of  first  negotiation,  preemptive  right,  community  property  interest,  legend,  defect,  impediment, 
exception, reservation, limitation, impairment, imperfection of title, escrow, prior assignment, condition or restriction of any nature (including 
any restriction on the transfer or licensing of any asset, any restriction on the receipt of any income derived from any asset, any restriction on 
the use of any asset and any restriction on the possession, exercise or transfer of any other attribute of ownership of any asset).

“Excluded Assets” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.2.

“FDA”  shall  mean  the  Food  and  Drug  Administration  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services  or  any 

successor agency thereof performing similar functions.

“Final Determination” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 7.9.

“Governmental Authorities”  means  all  agencies,  authorities,  bodies,  boards,  commissions,  courts,  instrumentalities,  legislatures 
and offices of any nature whatsoever of any government or political subdivision, whether foreign, federal, state, county, district, municipality, 
city or otherwise. 

“Information”  shall  mean  all  tangible  and  intangible  (a)  techniques,  technology,  practices,  trade  secrets,  inventions  (whether 
patentable  or  not),  methods,  knowledge,  know-how,  skill,  experience,  test  data  and  results  (including  pharmacological,  toxicological  and 
clinical  test  data  and  results),  formulations,  processes,  analytical  and  quality  control  data,  results  or  descriptions,  software  and  algorithms 
and (b) compositions of matter, cells, cell lines, assays, animal models and physical, biological or chemical material. 

“Intellectual Property” shall mean and include all algorithms, application programming interfaces, apparatus, assay components, 
biological  materials,  cell  lines,  preclinical  and  clinical  data,  study  designs,  chemical  compositions  or  structures,  databases  and  data 
collections,  diagrams,  formulae,  gate  arrays,  inventions  (whether  or  not  patentable),  know-how,  methods,  photomasks,  processes, 
proprietary  information,  protocols,  sketches,  designs,  schematics,  specifications,  subroutines,  test  results,  test  vectors,  user  interfaces, 
techniques,  works  of  authorship,  and  other  forms  of  technology  (whether  or  not  embodied  in  any  tangible  form  and  including  all  tangible 
embodiments of the foregoing such as instruction manuals, laboratory notebooks, prototypes, samples, studies, and summaries); provided 
that no trademarks owned or Controlled by Seller are covered by this Agreement.

“Intellectual Property Rights” shall mean and include all intellectual property and proprietary rights of any kind or nature, which 
may  exist  or  be  created  under  the  laws  of  any  jurisdiction  in  the  world,  including:  (a)  rights  associated  with  works  of  authorship,  including 
exclusive exploitation rights, copyrights, moral rights, and mask works; (b) trade secret rights; (c) patents, patent applications, and industrial 
property rights; (d) other proprietary rights in Intellectual Property of every kind and nature; and (e) all registrations, renewals, extensions, 
continuations, divisions, or reissues of, and applications for, any of the rights referred to in clauses (a) through (e) above; but excluding in all 
cases trademark rights.

“Knowledge” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 8.10.

“Laws” means any Federal, state, foreign or local statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, Order, other requirement or rule of 

law.

“Liability” means any direct or indirect indebtedness, liability, assessment, expense, claim, loss, damage, deficiency, obligation or 
responsibility, known or unknown, disputed or undisputed, joint or several, vested or unvested, executory or not, fixed or unfixed, choate or 
inchoate, liquidated or unliquidated, secured or unsecured, determinable or undeterminable, accrued or unaccrued, absolute or not, actual or 

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potential,  contingent  or  otherwise  (including  any  liability  under  any  guarantees,  letters  of  credit,  performance  credits  or  with  respect  to 
insurance loss accruals).

“Losses” means any losses, damages, liabilities, deficiencies, claims, interest, awards, judgments, penalties, costs and expenses 
(including  reasonable  attorneys’  fees,  costs  and  other  out-of-pocket  expenses  incurred  in  investigating,  preparing  or  defending  the 
foregoing).

“Material Adverse Effect” means any event, change, development, effect, condition, occurrence, circumstance, state of facts or 
matter  which,  individually  or  in  combination  with  any  other  of  the  foregoing,  has  had  or  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  have,  a  material 
adverse  effect  on  the  Program,  the  Purchased Assets,  the Assumed  Liabilities,  or  in  respect  of  the  Seller’s  operations,  properties,  assets, 
condition (financial or otherwise), results, plans, strategies or prospects, taken as a whole, whether or not foreseeable and whether or not 
durationally significant.

“Orders” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 3.6.

“Party”  means  Seller  or  Purchaser,  individually,  as  the  context  so  requires,  and  the  term  “Parties”  means  collectively,  Seller  and 

Purchaser.

“Patent Assignment” shall have the meaning give to such term in Section 2.5(c). 

“Person”  means  an  individual,  corporation,  partnership,  limited  partnership,  limited  liability  company,  limited  liability  partnership, 
syndicate, person (including a “person” as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, together with the 
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder), trust, association, entity or government or political subdivision, agency or instrumentality of a 
government.

“Proceeding” shall mean any action, suit, litigation, arbitration, proceeding (including any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative 
or  appellate  proceeding  and  any  informal  proceeding),  prosecution,  contest,  hearing,  inquiry,  inquest,  audit,  examination  or  investigation 
commenced,  brought,  conducted  or  heard  by  or  before,  or  otherwise  involving,  any  Governmental Authority  or  any  arbitrator  or  arbitration 
panel. 

“Product Licenses” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 3.8(a).

“Program” shall mean all of Seller’s activities directed to the research, development, manufacture (including synthesis, formulation, 
storage, breeding, finishing or packaging), use, offer for sale, sale, import, and commercialization of the Program Therapy up to the Closing 
Date. 

“Program IP” shall mean all Intellectual Property Rights used, held for use, or related to the Program Therapy (other than Program 

Patents) that are owned or Controlled by Seller.

“Program  Therapy”  shall  mean  therapies  that  target  the  nuclear  receptor  farnesoid-X-receptor  (FXR):  (a)  omesdafexor,  a  small 
molecule  farnesoid  X  receptor  (FXR)  agonist,  which  is  the  Seller’s  compound  referred  to  as  MET409,  (b)  a  second  small  molecule  FXR 
agonist, which is Seller’s compound referred to as MET642, (c) any other of Seller’s compounds that target the nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-
receptor (FXR), and (d) any derivative or extension of the therapies described in the preceding clauses (a), (b) and (c) that target the nuclear 
receptor  farnesoid-X-receptor  (FXR),  whether  existing  on  the  Closing  Date  or  developed,  generated  or  synthesized  by  or  on  behalf  of 
Purchaser or any of its Affiliates or licensees of the Program Patents after the Closing, and all products and services related thereto.

“Program Know-How” shall mean Information which is: (a) owned or Controlled by Seller immediately prior to the Closing; and (b) 
directed to the research, development, manufacture (including synthesis, formulation, storage, breeding, finishing or packaging), use, offer 
for sale, sale, import, or commercialization of any Program Therapy or used in or related to any clinical trials, regulatory compliance, or any 
filings, clearances, or approvals, in all cases that are for or related to the Program or the Program Therapy. 

“Program Patents” shall mean: 

(a)

the patents and patent applications listed on Schedule I; 

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any and all divisionals, continuations and continuations-in-part of the patents and patent applications referenced in 

(b)

the preceding subsection (a);

(c)

the foreign patent applications associated with the patent applications referenced in the preceding subsections (a) 

and (b);

(d)

(e)

the patents issued or issuing from the patent applications referenced in the preceding subsections (a) through (c);

reissues, reexaminations, restorations (including supplemental protection certificates) and extensions of any patent 

or patent application referenced in the preceding subsections (a) through (d); and

any  other  patents  or  patent  applications  which:  (i)  are  owned  or  Controlled  by  Seller  immediately  prior  to  the 
Closing, and (ii) claim, cover, or are directed to the research, development, manufacture (including synthesis, formulation, storage, breeding, 
finishing or packaging), use, offer for sale, sale, import, or commercialization of any Program Therapy. 

(f)

“Program Technology” shall mean the Program IP, Program Know-How and Program Patents.

“Purchased Assets” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.1.

“Purchase Price” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.5.

“Purchaser” shall have the meaning given to such term in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Purchaser Indemnified Party” means Purchaser and its Affiliates and their respective Representatives. 

“Regulatory Authority” shall mean any regulatory agency, ministry, department or other governmental body having authority in any 
country  or  region  to  control  the  development,  manufacture,  marketing,  and  sale  of  any  pharmaceutical,  therapeutic,  biologic  or  medical 
device product, including the FDA.

“Representatives”  means,  with  respect  to  any  Party  to  this  Agreement,  such  Party’s  directors,  officers,  members,  managers, 

Affiliates, attorneys, accountants, employees, consultants, representatives and other agents.

“Restricted Period” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 6.7(b).

“Retained Liabilities” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.4.

“Seller” shall mean Metacrine, Inc., together with is predecessors, successors and assigns.

“Seller-Owned  Patents”  shall  mean  Program  Patents  owned  solely  by  the  Seller  or  Seller’s  joint  ownership  interest  in  Program 

Patents owned jointly by the Seller and any other Person(s). 

“Taxes”  means:  (i)  any  and  all  taxes,  fees,  levies,  duties,  tariffs,  imposts  and  other  charges  of  any  kind,  imposed  by  any  taxing 
authority,  including  taxes  or  other  charges  on,  measured  by,  or  with  respect  to  income,  franchise,  windfall  or  other  profits,  gross  receipts, 
property, sales, use, capital stock, payroll, employment, social security, workers’ compensation, unemployment compensation or net worth; 
taxes or other charges in the nature of excise, withholding, ad valorem, stamp, transfer, value-added or gains taxes; (ii)  any Liability for the 
payment of any amounts of the type described in (i) as a result of being a member of an affiliated, combined, consolidated or unitary group 
for any taxable period; (iii) any Liability for the payment of amounts of the type described in (i) or (ii) as a result of being a transferee of, or a 
successor in interest to, any Person or as a result of an express or implied obligation to indemnify any Person; and (iv) any and all interest, 
penalties, additions to tax and additional amounts imposed in connection with or with respect to any amounts described in (i), (ii) or (iii).

“Tax  Returns”  means  returns,  declarations,  reports,  notices,  forms,  claims  for  refund,  information  returns  or  other  documents 
(including any related or supporting schedules, statements or information and Treasury Form TD F 90-22.1 and FinCEN Form 114) filed or 
required to be filed with any Governmental Authority, or maintained by any Person, or required to be maintained by any Person, in connection 
with the 

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determination, assessment or collection of any Tax of any party or the administration of any Laws, regulations or administrative requirements 
relating to any Tax. 

“Third Party Claim” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 7.4(a).

“Transaction  Documents”  means,  collectively,  this  Agreement,  the  Assignment  and  Assumption  Agreement  and  the  Patent 

Assignment.

“Transferred Agreements” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.1(b).

1.2 Interpretation.    Unless  the  context  otherwise  requires,  the  terms  defined  in  Section  1.1  shall  have  the  meanings  herein 
specified  for  all  purposes  of  this Agreement,  applicable  to  both  the  singular  and  plural  forms  of  any  of  the  terms  defined  herein.    When  a 
reference  is  made  in  this  Agreement  to  Sections,  such  reference  shall  be  to  a  Section  of  this  Agreement  unless  otherwise  indicated.  
Whenever  the  words  “include,”  “includes”  or  “including”  are  used  in  this  Agreement,  they  shall  be  deemed  to  be  followed  by  the  words 
“without limitation.”

ARTICLE II
PURCHASE & SALE OF PURCHASED ASSETS

2.1 Purchased Assets.    Subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  this Agreement,  at  the  Closing,  Seller  shall  sell,  convey,  transfer, 
assign and deliver to Purchaser, and Purchaser shall purchase and acquire from Seller, free and clear of all Encumbrances other than the 
Assumed Liabilities, all of Seller’s right, title and interest in and to all of the following (collectively, the “Purchased Assets”):

All Program Technology and all rights to sue for or assert Proceedings or claims against and remedies against past, 
present or future infringements of any or all of the Program Technology and rights of priority and protection of interests therein and to retain 
any and all amounts therefrom; 

(a)

(b)

All Contracts that are set forth on Schedule II (the “Transferred Agreements”); 

reference standards for any Program Therapy stock on hand as set forth on Schedule III (the “Inventory”); and

(c)

Seller’s  interest  in  and  to  any  Program  Therapy  tablets,  API,  material,  starting  materials,  intermediates  and 

(d)

All  of  Seller’s  data  (including  (x)  Trial  Master  File  data  and  (y)  research  and  development  server  data),  records, 
files, manuals and other documentation that embody the Program Technology or the Transferred Agreements, including: (i) studies, reports, 
publications,  correspondence  and  other  similar  documents  and  records,  whether  in  electronic  form  or  otherwise;  (ii)  all  regulatory 
submissions and any amendments thereto prepared in connection with any Program Therapy and all related materials and documentation 
including  regulatory  correspondence,  tracking  files,  meeting  minutes  and  strategy  materials;  (iii)  all  files,  documents,  correspondence,  and 
records  of  attorneys  or  consultants  of  Seller  relating  to  the  prosecution  of  Program  Patents,  but  excluding  Seller’s  data,  records,  files, 
manuals  or  other  documentations  related  to  non-Program  Therapies;  provided  that  any  such  data,  records,  files,  manuals  or  other 
documentation  that  is  in  hardcopy  shall  be  delivered  to  the  address  provided  by  Purchaser,  at  Seller’s  expense,  promptly  following  the 
Closing hereof (and in any case, on or prior to the Delivery Date (defined below)); and (iv) the Inventory; provided that (A) the Inventory shall 
be delivered to the address provided by Purchaser, and (B) the compounds set forth on Schedule III shall be delivered in a freezer (which 
such  freezer  shall  be  a  Purchased Asset)  to  the  address  provided  by  Purchaser,  in  each  case  at  Seller’s  expense  promptly  following  the 
Closing hereof (and in any case, within thirty (30) calendar days) (the date of such delivery the “Delivery Date”);

in  each  case,  excluding  the  Excluded  Assets.    The  delivery  of  all  Purchased  Assets  in  a  physical  form  shall  be  made  at  such  place  as 
designated by Purchaser.

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2.2 Excluded  Assets.    Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  contained  in  Section  2.1  or  elsewhere  in  this  Agreement,  the 
following  (collectively,  the  “Excluded Assets”)  shall  not  be  part  of  the  sale  and  purchase  contemplated  hereunder,  are  excluded  from  the 
Purchased Assets, and shall remain the property of Seller after the Closing:

(a)

All assets not specifically listed in Section 2.1;

(b)

All minute books and corporate seals, tax returns and similar records of Seller; 

(c)

All cash, cash equivalents on hand or in bank accounts and short term investments; 

(d)

Any prepayment, refund, claim, offset or other right of Seller with respect to any Tax arising or resulting from or in 
connection with the ownership of the Purchased Assets or operation of the Program attributable to any Tax period ending on or prior to the 
Closing Date, or, in the case of any Tax period which includes but does not end on the Closing Date, the portion of such period up to and 
including the Closing Date except to the extent the prepayment was made under a Transferred Agreement; 

foregoing of Seller pursuant to this Agreement; 

(e)

The  claims,  remedies,  rights,  consideration  (including  contractual  rights)  or  any  other  right  related  to  any  of  the 

(f)
respect to any period prior to Closing; and

All claims and counterclaims relating to Excluded Assets and all claims arising under Transferred Agreements with 

(g)
under such policies.  

All rights under insurance policies, including, without limitation, all claims, refunds and credits due or to become due 

2.3 Assumed Liabilities.  Upon and subject to the terms, conditions, representations and warranties of Seller contained herein, and 
subject to Section 2.4, Purchaser hereby assumes and agrees to pay, perform, and discharge when due the following: (a) any Liabilities of 
Seller under the Transferred Agreements, but only to the extent such Liabilities (i) arise after the Closing Date, (ii) do not arise from or relate 
to  any  breach  by  the  Seller  of  any  provision  of  any  of  such  Transferred  Agreements,  (iii)  do  not  arise  from  or  relate  to  any  event, 
circumstance or condition occurring or existing on or prior to the Closing Date that, with notice or lapse of time, would constitute or result in a 
breach of any of such Transferred Agreements, and (iv) are ascertainable (in nature and amount) solely by reference to the express terms of 
such Transferred Agreements; and (b) all Liabilities of Seller relating to the prosecution, ownership, operation, maintenance, sale, lease or 
use of Purchased Assets by Purchaser, but only to the extent that they arise after the Closing (collectively, the “Assumed Liabilities”). 

2.4 Retained  Liabilities.    Except  for  the  Assumed  Liabilities,  Purchaser  shall  not  assume,  and  shall  have  no  Liability  or 
responsibility for, any Liabilities of Seller of any kind, character or description, whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise, it being 
understood that Purchaser is expressly disclaiming any express or implied assumption of any Liabilities other than the Assumed Liabilities 
(collectively,  the  “Retained  Liabilities”),  which  such  Retained  Liabilities  shall  be  retained  by  and  be  the  responsibility  of  Seller  and  its 
applicable Affiliates.

2.5 Purchase Price; Payment of Purchase Price.  

the Assumed Liabilities and US$4,000,000 to be paid as follows: 

(a)

The aggregate consideration (the “Purchase Price”) for the Purchased Assets shall consist of the assumption of 

(i) $2,000,000 paid at Closing; and 

(ii) $2,000,000 paid within five (5) business days of the Delivery Date.

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Purchaser  and  Seller  shall  execute  and  deliver  an  Assignment  and  Assumption  Agreement,  a  form  of  which  is 
attached  hereto  as  Exhibit  A  (the  “Assignment  and  Assumption  Agreement”),  evidencing  the  assignment  by  Seller  of  the  Purchased 
Assets and the assumption by Purchaser of the Assumed Liabilities.

(b)

Purchaser and Seller shall execute and deliver a Patent Assignment, a form of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 
B (the “Patent Assignment”), evidencing the assignment by Seller of the issued patents and patent applications included in the Purchased 
Assets. 

(c)

2.6 Closing.  The consummation of the purchase and sale of the Purchased Assets and the assumption of the Assumed Liabilities 
in accordance with this Agreement (the “Closing”) shall take place at the offices of Purchaser at 11555 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 100, San 
Diego, CA 92121, Attention:  General Counsel, concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by all of the Parties hereto, or 
at such other time and place as may be mutually agreed by the parties.  The date of the Closing shall be referred to as the “Closing Date.”  
The Parties hereby agree to deliver at the Closing such documents, certificates of officers and other instruments as are set forth in ARTICLE 
V hereof and as may reasonably be required to effect the transfer by Seller of the Purchased Assets pursuant to and as contemplated by this 
Agreement and to consummate the Acquisition.  All events which shall occur at the Closing shall be deemed to occur simultaneously. 

2.7 Transfer Taxes.  Seller shall be responsible for the payment of all sales taxes, transfer taxes, filing fees and similar taxes, fees 
and  charges  arising  out  of  or  in  connection  with  the  Acquisition  and  shall,  at  its  own  expense,  timely  file  all  Tax  Returns  and  other 
documentation required to be filed in connection with the payment of such transfer taxes (and Seller shall be responsible for all penalties, 
interest or additions related to a late filing or error in filing related to such Tax Returns). 

ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SELLER

Seller  represents  and  warrants  to  Purchaser  that  the  statements  contained  in  this  ARTICLE  III  are  true  and  correct  as  of  the 

Closing Date.

3.1 Organization  and  Qualification.    Seller  is  a  corporation  duly  qualified  or  licensed  to  do  business  and  is  in  good  standing  in 
every  jurisdiction  in  which  the  conduct  of  its  business,  or  the  ownership  or  lease  of  its  properties,  require  it  to  be  so  qualified  or  licensed, 
except where the failure to be so qualified or licensed would not have a Material Adverse Effect, and has all requisite power and authority to 
own,  operate  or  lease  all  of  the  assets  purported  to  be  owned  by  it,  including  the  Purchased  Assets  and  all  rights  of  the  Seller  under 
Transferred Agreements, and to carry on the Program in all material respects as currently conducted.  

3.2 Authority  Relative  to  this  Agreement.    Seller  has  all  requisite  corporate  power  and  authority  to  execute  and  deliver  this 
Agreement  and  the  other  Transaction  Documents  to  which  it  is  a  party,  to  perform  its  obligations  hereunder  and  to  consummate  the 
Acquisition.    The  execution,  delivery  and  performance  of  this  Agreement  and  the  other  Transaction  Documents  by  Seller  and  the 
consummation by Seller of the Acquisition have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Seller, and no other 
corporate action on the part of the Seller is necessary to authorize this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents or to consummate 
the Acquisition.  This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents have been duly executed and delivered by Seller and, assuming the 
due authorization, execution and delivery by the other Parties hereto, each such agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation 
of Seller, enforceable against Seller in accordance with its terms.

3.3 No  Conflict.    The  execution  and  delivery  of  this Agreement  and  the  other  Transaction  Documents  by  Seller  do  not,  and  the 
performance by Seller of its obligations hereunder and the consummation of the Acquisition and the transactions contemplated by the other 
Transaction Documents will not: (a) conflict with or violate any provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, or similar 

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constitutive  documents  of  Seller;  (b)  assuming  that  all  filings  and  notifications  described  in  Section  3.4  have  been  made,  conflict  with  or 
violate any Law or Order applicable to Seller or by which any of the Purchased Assets or Seller is bound or affected; (c) contravene, conflict 
with or result in any breach of or result in a default (or an event which with the giving of notice or lapse of time or both would become or 
reasonably be expected to become a default) under, or give to others any right of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation or 
modification of, allow for the imposition of any fees or penalties, or result in the creation of an Encumbrance on any of the Purchased Assets 
or  Transferred  Agreements;  or  (d)  contravene,  conflict  with  or  result  in  a  violation  of  any  of  the  terms  or  requirements  of,  or  give  any 
Governmental  Authority  or  Regulatory  Authority  the  right  to  revoke,  withdraw,  suspend,  cancel,  terminate  or  modify,  any  filing,  permit, 
authorization, consent, approval, right or Order that is to be included in the Purchased Assets or is held by the Seller or any employee of the 
Seller or relates to the Purchased Assets.

3.4 Required Filings and Consents.  The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by Seller 
do not, and the performance by Seller of its obligations hereunder and thereunder and the consummation of the Acquisition will not, require 
any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing by Seller with or notification by Seller to, any Governmental Authority or Regulatory 
Authority.

3.5 Intellectual Property.

Disclosure and Ownership of Program Patents.  Schedule I, part A lists all of the Seller-Owned Patents, setting 
forth in each case the jurisdictions in which the Seller-Owned Patents have been filed.  Except as set forth on Schedule I, Seller has a valid, 
legally enforceable, and exclusive right to use and license all Seller-Owned Patents.    

(a)

(b)

Ownership  of  and  Right  to  Use  Program  Know‐How  and  Program  IP;  No  Encumbrances.    Seller  has  good 
and  valid  title  to,  and  is  the  exclusive  owner  of,  free  and  clear  of  all  Encumbrances  (other  than  the Assumed  Liabilities  and  those  arising 
under the Transferred Agreements), all Program Technology owned or purported to be owned by Seller, and following consummation of this 
Agreement  and  the  transactions  contemplated  hereby,  Purchaser  will  exclusively  own  all  such  Program  Technology.    Seller  has  a  valid, 
legally enforceable right to use and license all Program Technology not owned by Seller, and following consummation of this Agreement and 
the transactions contemplated hereby, Purchaser will have a valid and legally enforceable right to use and license such Program Technology 
under identical terms.

(c)

Agreements  Related  to  Program  Technology.    The  Transferred  Agreements  constitute  all  existing  Contracts 
related  to  the  Program  Technology  and/or  any  Program  Therapy  other  than  (1)  non‐disclosure  agreements  and  (2)  invention  assignment 
agreements with employees, consultants and contractors that assign or grant to the Seller ownership of inventions and intellectual property 
developed in the course of providing services to the Seller by such employees, consultants and contractors. 

(d)

No Third Party Rights in Program Technology.  

(i) No  Employee  Ownership.    No  current  or  former  officer,  director,  employee,  consultant  or  independent 
contractor of the Seller has any right, title or interest in, to or under any Information, Intellectual Property Rights, or Intellectual Property used, 
held for use, or related to the Program or the Program Therapy that has not been either (A) irrevocably assigned or transferred to Seller or 
(B) licensed (with the right to grant sublicenses) to Seller under an exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, fully-paid and assignable 
license.  

(ii) No  Challenges.    The  Seller  has  not  received  any  written  communication  from  any  Person  challenging  or 
threatening to challenge, nor is the Seller a party to any pending and served proceeding or, to Seller’s Knowledge, pending but not served 
proceeding  or  threatened  proceeding  in  which  any  Person  is  challenging,  (A)  the  Seller’s  ownership  of,  and  right  to  use  and  license,  any 
Program 

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Technology owned by the Seller, or (B) the Seller’s right to use and license any Program Technology that is not owned by the Seller, nor is 
Seller aware of any basis for any such communication or challenge.   

(iii) No  Restrictions.    Neither  the  Seller  nor  any  Program  Technology  is  subject  to  any  outstanding  Order  or 
stipulation  restricting  in  any  manner  the  use,  transfer  or  licensing  of  the  Program  Technology  by  the  Seller,  the  Purchaser,  or  any  other 
person.   

(e)

Patents.  

(i) Proper  Filing.    Except  as  set  forth  in  Schedule  I,  all  Seller-Owned  Patents  have  been  duly  filed  and 
maintained, including the timely submission of all necessary filings and fees in accordance with the legal and administrative requirements of 
the  appropriate  Governmental  Authority,  and  have  not  lapsed  (other  than  lapsed  provisional  applications  that  have  been  converted  to 
non‐provisional  applications),  expired  or  been  abandoned.    Except  as  is  apparent  from  the  information  set  forth  in  Schedule  I,  no  loss  or 
expiration of any of Program Patents is pending, reasonably foreseeable or, to Seller’s Knowledge, threatened, except for patents expiring at 
the end of their statutory term.

(ii) No  Challenges.    Except  as  is  apparent  from  the  information  set  forth  in  Schedule  I,  none  of  the  Program 
Patents are subject to any pending cancellation, opposition, interference, reissue, or reexamination proceeding, and Seller has not received 
any  written  notice  of  and  has  no  Knowledge  of  any  basis  for  any  inventorship  challenge,  interference,  invalidity  or  unenforceability  with 
respect to Program Patents. 

Knowledge, valid.  All Seller-Owned Patents are recorded in the name of Seller.  

(iii) Validity and Record Ownership.  All Program Patents are subsisting and enforceable and, to the Seller’s 

(f)

No  Infringement  of  Third  Party  IP  Rights.    To  the  Seller’s  knowledge,  Seller  has  never  infringed  (directly, 
contributorily, by inducement, or otherwise), misappropriated, or otherwise violated or made unlawful use of any Intellectual Property Right of 
any other Person or engaged in unfair competition.  To the Seller’s knowledge, no Program Technology and no method or process used in 
the development, current or past manufacturing or use of any Program Therapy, nor the conduct of the Program, infringes, violates, or makes 
unlawful use of any Intellectual Property Right of, or contains any Intellectual Property misappropriated from, any other Person.  There is no 
legitimate  basis  for  a  claim  that  the  Seller  or  any  Program Therapy  has  intentionally  infringed  or  misappropriated  any  Intellectual  Property 
Right of another Person or engaged in unfair competition or that any Program Therapy and any method or process used in the current or 
past development, manufacturing or use of any Program Therapy infringes, violates, or makes unlawful use of any Intellectual Property Right 
of, or contains any Intellectual Property misappropriated from, any other Person.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing:

(i)

Infringement  Claims.    No  infringement,  misappropriation,  or  similar  claim  or  Proceeding  is,  to  the  Seller’s 
Knowledge, pending or threatened against the Seller or against any other Person who is or may be entitled to be indemnified, defended, held 
harmless,  or  reimbursed  by  the  Seller  with  respect  to  such  claim  or  Proceeding.    Seller  has  never  received  any  written  notice  or,  other 
communication (in writing or otherwise) relating to any actual, alleged, or suspected infringement, misappropriation, or violation by the Seller, 
any of their employees or agents, or any Program Therapy of any Intellectual Property Rights of another Person, including any letter or other 
communication suggesting or offering that the Seller obtain a license to any Intellectual Property Right of another Person.

(ii) Infringement Claims Affecting In-Licensed IP.  No claim or Proceeding involving any Intellectual Property 
or  Intellectual  Property  Right  licensed  to  the  Seller  is  pending  or  has  been  threatened,  except  for  any  such  claim  or  Proceeding  that,  if 
adversely determined, would not adversely affect (a) the use or exploitation of such Intellectual Property or Intellectual Property Right by the 
Seller, or (b) the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, distribution, provision, licensing or sale of any Program Therapy. 

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(iii) Third  Party  Infringement.   To  Seller’s  Knowledge,  no  third  party  has  in  the  past  or  is  currently  infringing, 
misappropriating,  or  otherwise  violating  any  of  the  Program  Technology.    Seller  has  not  brought  or  threatened  any  claim  or  Proceeding 
involving any Program Technology against any third party, nor is Seller aware of the basis for any such claim or Proceeding.  

(g)

Employee, Consultant and Contractor Agreements.  Without limiting the foregoing, to the Seller’s Knowledge, 
all  current  and  former  employees,  consultants  and  contractors  of  the  Seller  who  are  or  were  involved  in,  or  who  have  contributed  to,  the 
creation or development of any Program Technology have executed and delivered to the Seller a written agreement regarding the protection 
of proprietary information and the irrevocable assignment to the Seller of any intellectual property rights in Program Technology arising from 
services performed by such Persons.  To the Seller’s Knowledge, no current or former employee, consultant or contractor is in violation of 
any term of any such agreement. 

(h)

Trade  Secrets.    Seller  has  taken  commercially  reasonable  measures  to  maintain,  preserve,  and  protect  all 
Program  Technology  and  the  confidentiality  of  all  trade  secrets  and  confidential  information  in  the  possession  of  Seller  related  to  the 
Program.   To  Seller’s  Knowledge,  none  of  the  trade  secrets  or  confidential  information  in  the  possession  of  Seller  related  to  the  Program 
have been stolen, disclosed, destroyed, improperly accessed or otherwise compromised. 

(i)

Government  Funding.    Except  as  set  forth  on  Schedule  3.5(i),  no  funding,  facilities  or  personnel  of  any 
Governmental Authority or any university, college, research institute or other educational institution has been used in any material respect to 
create,  in  whole  or  in  part,  any  Program Technology  in  any  manner  that  gives  any  such  person  or  entity  any  ownership  of,  licenses  to,  or 
other rights in such Program Technology.

3.6 Compliance with Laws.  Seller is not, and since January 1, 2020 has not been, in conflict in any respect with or in default or 
violation of any order, judgment, preliminary or permanent injunction, temporary restraining order, award, citation, decree, consent decree or 
writ  (collectively,  “Orders”)  of  any  Governmental  Authority  or  Regulatory  Authority,  affecting  or  relating  to  the  Purchased  Assets  or  the 
Program, or the Laws of any Governmental Authority, affecting or relating to the Purchased Assets or the Program.  Seller has not received 
from any Governmental Authority any notification in writing with respect to possible conflicts, defaults or violations of Laws materially affecting 
or relating to the Purchased Assets or the Program.

3.7 Claims  and  Proceedings.    There  is  no  outstanding  Order  of  any  Governmental Authority  or  Regulatory Authority  against  or 
involving the Purchased Assets, the Assumed Liabilities or any Program Therapy.  There is no Proceeding, claim or counterclaim or legal, 
administrative or arbitral proceeding or investigation (collectively, “Claim”) (whether or not the defense thereof or Liabilities in respect thereof 
are  covered  by  insurance),  pending  or,  to  the  Knowledge  of  Seller,  threatened,  against  or  involving  the  Purchased Assets,  the Assumed 
Liabilities  or  any  Program  Therapy  or  that  otherwise  relates  to  or  might  affect  the  business  of  the  Seller  or  any  of  the  Purchased Assets 
(whether or not the Seller is named as a party thereto), including in respect of the Acquisition.  There is no Proceeding by Seller pending, or 
which  Seller  has  commenced  preparations  to  initiate,  against  any  other  Person  in  connection  with  the  Purchased  Assets,  the  Assumed 
Liabilities or the Program.

3.8 Regulatory Compliance.

(a) With  respect  to  the  Program  Therapy,  (A)  the  Seller  has  obtained  all  necessary  and  applicable  approvals, 
clearances, authorizations, licenses and registrations required by the United States or foreign governments or government agencies for the 
conduct  of  its  development  and  commercialization  activities  conducted  to  date  (the  “Activities  to  Date”)  with  respect  to  each  product  or 
service (collectively, the “Product Licenses”), except where the failure to hold such Product Licenses has not had a Material Adverse Effect 
and  would  not  reasonably  be  expected  to  have  a  Material  Adverse  Effect;  (B)  the  Seller  is  in  material  compliance  with  all  terms  and 
conditions of each Product License and with all applicable legal requirements pertaining to the Activities to Date with respect to each product 
or service which is not required 

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to be the subject of a Product License; and (C) to the Seller’s Knowledge, the Seller is in compliance in all material respects with all legal 
requirements  regarding  registration,  license  or  certification  for  each  site  at  which  a  product  candidate  is  manufactured.    The  Seller  is  in 
compliance in all material respects with all applicable reporting requirements for all Product Licenses or plant registrations described in the 
immediately preceding sentence.

None  of  the  Seller  nor  its  directors,  officers,  employees,  agents,  representatives  or  consultants  are  under 
investigation  by  the  FDA  or  other  regulatory  authorities  for  debarment  action  or  presently  debarred  pursuant  to  the  Generic  Drug 
Enforcement Act of 1992, as amended, or any analogous laws.

(b)

3.9 No Finder.  Neither Seller nor any Person acting on behalf of Seller has agreed to pay to any broker, finder, investment banker 
or  any  other  Person,  a  brokerage,  finder’s  or  other  brokerage  fee  or  commission  in  connection  with  this Agreement  or  any  matter  related 
hereto, nor has any broker, finder, investment banker or any other Person taken any action on which a Proceeding for any such payment 
would be based.  

3.10Transferred  Agreements.    True,  complete  and  accurate  copies  of  the  Transferred Agreements,  including  all  modifications, 
amendments, and supplements thereto and waivers thereof, have previously been delivered or made available to Purchaser.  Each of the 
Transferred Agreements is in full force and effect, and is valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement 
may  be  limited  by  applicable  bankruptcy,  insolvency,  reorganization,  moratorium  and  other  similar  Laws  affecting  the  rights  of  creditors 
generally and the availability of equitable remedies.  Seller is not in breach or default, nor has any event occurred which with the giving of 
notice  or  the  passage  of  time  or  both  would  constitute  a  breach  or  default  by  Seller  of,  or  which  would  give  rise  to  any  right  of  notice, 
modification, acceleration, payment, cancellation or termination of or by another party under, or in any manner release any party thereto from 
any obligation under, any Transferred Agreement and, to the Knowledge of Seller, no other party is in breach or default, and no event has 
occurred which with the giving of notice or the passage of time or both would constitute a breach or default by any other party, or which would 
give rise to any right of notice, modification, acceleration, payment, cancellation or termination of or by Seller under, or in any manner release 
any party thereto from any obligation under, any Transferred Agreement.  Seller has not received any notice or communication regarding any 
violation  or  breach  of,  or  default  under  any  Transferred  Agreement.    Seller  has  not  been  notified  in  writing  by  any  counterparty  to  any 
Transferred Agreement that such counterparty is terminating, modifying, repudiating or rescinding, or intends to terminate, modify, repudiate 
or rescind such Transferred Agreement.

3.11Taxes.  (a) (i) Seller has timely and properly filed all Tax Returns required to be filed by it with respect to the Purchased Assets, 
taking into account any extension of time to file granted or obtained on behalf of Seller, (ii) all such Tax Returns are accurate and complete 
and (iii) Seller has timely and properly paid all Taxes required to be paid by Seller or with respect to the Purchased Assets, whether or not 
shown on such Tax Returns; (b)  there are no liens for Taxes upon any of the Purchased Assets; and (c) none of the Assumed Liabilities are 
any amounts deferred by Seller pursuant to Internal Revenue Service Revenue Procedure 2004-34, Treasury Regulations Section 1.451-5, 
Sections 451(c), 455, 456 or 460 of the Code, as a deposit or pre-paid amount, or any corresponding or similar provision of state or local Law 
(irrespective of whether or not such deferral is elective).

3.12Fair  Consideration;  Solvency;  No  Fraudulent  Conveyance.    The  transfer  of  the  Purchased  Assets  to  Purchaser  as 
contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Documents is made in exchange for fair and equivalent consideration.  Seller is not now 
insolvent,  and  will  not  be  rendered  insolvent  by  the  sale,  transfer  and  assignment  of  the  Purchased Assets  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  this 
Agreement  or  the  transactions  contemplated  hereby.    Seller  has  no  intention  to  file  for  bankruptcy,  and,  to  the  Knowledge  of  Seller,  no 
insolvency  Proceedings  of  any  character  including  bankruptcy,  receivership,  reorganization,  composition  or  arrangement  with  creditors, 
voluntary  or  involuntary,  affecting  Seller  or  any  of  the  Purchased Assets  or Assumed  Liabilities  are  pending  or  threatened.    Seller  is  not 
entering into this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby with the intent to defraud, delay or hinder Seller’s 

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creditors and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will not have 
any such effect.  The transactions contemplated hereby do not constitute a fraudulent conveyance, or otherwise give rise to any right of any 
creditor of Seller whatsoever to any of the Purchased Assets after the Closing. 

3.13Title; Sufficiency of Assets.  Seller has, and immediately following the Closing, Purchaser will continue to have (on the same 
terms and conditions as Seller held such Purchased Assets as of immediately prior to the Closing), good and marketable title to, or a valid 
right to use, all of the tangible and intangible Purchased Assets, free and clear of any and all Encumbrances.  No Affiliate of Seller has any 
right,  title  or  interest  in  any  of  the  Purchased  Assets  or  Assumed  Liabilities  or  assets  or  Liabilities  that  would  be  Purchased  Assets  or 
Assumed Liabilities if owned by Seller immediately prior to the Closing.

3.14No  Undisclosed  Liabilities;  Absence  of  Changes.    Seller  does  not  have  any  Liabilities,  except  (a)  as  and  to  the  extent 
specifically  accrued  for  or  reserved  against  in  the  balance  sheet  of  Seller  as  at  September  30,  2022  (the  “Balance  Sheet”),  (b)  Liabilities 
which have arisen after the date of the Balance Sheet in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (none of which results 
from, arises out of, relates to, is in the nature of, or was caused by any breach of contract, breach of warranty, tort, infringement or violation 
of  Law)  which  are  not,  or  could  not  reasonably  be  expected  to  be,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  material  to  Seller,  or  (c)  executory 
obligations under contracts (other than Liabilities relating to any breach, or any fact or circumstance that, with notice, lapse of time or both, 
would result in a breach thereof by Seller).

ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PURCHASER

Purchaser represents and warrants to Seller that each of the following representations and warranties is true and correct as of the 

Closing Date:

4.1 Organization  and  Qualification.    Purchaser  is  a  corporation  duly  organized,  validly  existing  and  in  good  standing  under  the 

laws of the State of Delaware and has all requisite corporate or other power and authority to carry on its business as now being conducted.

4.2 Authority Relative to this Agreement.  Purchaser has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this 
Agreement  and  the  other  Transaction  Documents  to  which  it  is  a  party,  to  perform  its  obligations  hereunder  and  to  consummate  the 
Acquisition.   The  execution  and  delivery  of  this Agreement  and  the  other Transaction  Documents  by  Purchaser  and  the  consummation  by 
Purchaser of the Acquisition have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Purchaser.  This Agreement and 
the  other  Transaction  Documents  have  been  or  when  executed  and  delivered  will  be  duly  executed  and  delivered  by  Purchaser  and, 
assuming  the  due  authorization,  execution  and  delivery  by  the  other  Parties  hereto,  each  such  agreement  constitutes  a  legal,  valid  and 
binding obligation of Purchaser, enforceable against Purchaser in accordance with its terms.

4.3 Required Filings and Consents.  The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Transaction Documents by Purchaser 
do not, and the performance by Purchaser of its obligations hereunder and the consummation of the Acquisition will not, require any consent, 
approval, authorization or permit of, or filing by Purchaser with or notification by Purchaser to, any Governmental Authority.

4.4 No Finder.  Neither Purchaser nor any Person acting on behalf of Purchaser has agreed to pay to any broker, finder, investment 
banker or any other Person, a brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with this Agreement or any matter related hereto, 
nor has any broker, finder, investment banker or any other Person taken any action on which a Proceeding for any such payment could be 
based. 

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ARTICLE V
CLOSING DELIVERABLES

Final Form

5.1 Closing Deliverables of Purchaser.  At the Closing, Purchaser shall deliver to Seller the following:

Seller; 

(a)

the Purchase Price set forth in Section 2.5(a)(i), paid by wire transfer pursuant to the wire instructions provided by 

(b)

duly executed copies of each Transaction Document to be executed and delivered by the Purchaser; and

(c)

such other documents as are required to be delivered by Purchaser to Seller pursuant to this Agreement.

5.2 Closing Deliverables of Seller.  At the Closing, Seller shall deliver to Purchaser the following: 

Encumbrances (except Assumed Liabilities) reasonably satisfactory to Purchaser and its counsel;

(a)

Evidences of transfer or assignment of all of the Purchased Assets from Seller to Purchaser free and clear of all 

(b)

Copies of all Transferred Agreements set forth on Schedule II;

(c)

Duly executed copies of each Transaction Document to be executed and delivered by the Seller;

(d)

An Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 duly executed by Seller; and

(e)

Such other documents as are required to be delivered by Seller to Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement. 

Delivery  Date  Deliverables.    Promptly  following  the  Closing  Date,  Seller  shall  deliver  the  Inventory  set  forth  on 
Schedule III, as set forth in Section 2.1 above.  As set forth in Section 2.5(a)(ii), Purchaser shall deliver the remaining Purchase Price upon 
delivery of the Inventory set forth on Schedule III, paid by wire transfer pursuant to the wire instructions provided by Seller.

(f)

ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL COVENANTS

6.1 Further Assurances.    Seller  hereby  agrees,  without  further  consideration,  to  execute  and  deliver  following  the  Closing  such 
other  instruments  of  transfer  and  take  such  other  action  as  Purchaser  or  its  counsel  may  reasonably  request  in  order  to  put  Purchaser  in 
possession  of,  and  to  vest  in  Purchaser,  good,  valid  and  unencumbered  title  to  the  Purchased Assets  in  accordance  with  this Agreement.  
Seller will cooperate with Purchaser and its counsel in the contest or defense of, and make available its personnel and provide any testimony 
and access to its books and records in connection with, any proceeding involving or relating to (a) any Program Therapy or (b) any action, 
activity, circumstance, condition, conduct, event, fact, failure to act, incident, occurrence, plan, practice, situation, status or transaction on or 
before the Closing Date involving Seller or its business.

6.2 Expenses.    Each  of  the  Parties  shall  bear  its  own  expenses  incurred  in  connection  with  the  preparation,  execution  and 

performance of this Agreement and the Acquisition, including all fees and expenses of its Representatives.  

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6.3 Confidentiality.  Except as otherwise provided herein or in the other Transaction Documents, Seller shall, and shall cause its 
Affiliates  and  Representatives  to  treat  on  and  after  the  date  hereof  as  strictly  confidential  all  information  concerning  or  relating  to  the 
Program, the Purchased Assets, and the Assumed Liabilities, and Seller shall not, and shall cause its Affiliates and Representatives not to, 
after the date hereof, use in any way, or divulge or convey to any third party, such information; provided, however, that Seller or its Affiliates 
may furnish such portion (and only such portion) of such information as Seller or such Affiliate reasonably determines it is legally obligated to 
disclose if:  (i) it receives a request to disclose all or any part of such information under the terms of a subpoena, civil investigative demand or 
order issued by a Governmental Authority; (ii) to the extent not inconsistent with such request, it notifies Purchaser of the existence, terms 
and circumstances surrounding such request and consults with Purchaser on the advisability of taking steps available under applicable Law 
to  resist  or  narrow  such  request;  (iii)  it  exercises  its  commercially  reasonable  efforts  to  obtain  an  order  or  other  reliable  assurance  that 
confidential treatment will be accorded to the disclosed information; and (iv) disclosure of such information is required to prevent Seller or 
such Affiliate from being held in contempt or becoming subject to any other penalty under applicable Law.

6.4 Transfer of Files.  With respect to data, records, files, manuals and other documentation that embody the Program Technology 
or  the  Transferred  Agreements,  including:  (i)  studies,  reports,  correspondence  and  other  similar  documents  and  records,  whether  in 
electronic form or otherwise; and (ii) all files, documents, correspondence, and records of attorneys or consultants of Seller relating to the 
prosecution  of  Program  Patents,  constituting  Purchased  Assets,  Seller  shall  transfer  and  deliver  all  of  the  aforementioned  items,  in 
accordance with the instructions, specified by Purchaser.  In the event that any of the abovementioned items reside in digital or electronic 
format on any equipment that is not included in the Purchased Assets, then the hard drive or other medium shall be imaged and provided to 
Purchaser in a reasonably accessible format.  

6.5 Wrong Pocket Provisions.

(a)

If,  at  any  time  following  the  Closing,  Seller  becomes  aware  that  any  Purchased Asset  which  should  have  been 
transferred  to  Purchaser  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  this  Agreement  and  the  Transaction  Documents  was  not  transferred  to  Purchaser  as 
contemplated  by  this Agreement  or  the  Transaction  Documents,  then  Seller  shall  promptly  transfer  or  cause  its Affiliates  to  transfer  such 
Purchased Asset to Purchaser for no additional consideration.

(b)

If, at any time following the Closing, Seller becomes aware that any Assumed Liability (whether arising prior to, at or 
following the Closing) was not assumed by Purchaser as contemplated by this Agreement or the Purchased Asset, then Seller shall promptly 
notify Purchaser and Purchaser and Seller shall each use reasonable efforts to resolve the ownership of such Assumed Liability by written 
agreement.

If, at any time following the Closing, Purchaser becomes aware that any Excluded Asset which should have been 
retained by Seller pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or the Transaction Documents was transferred to Purchaser, then Purchaser shall 
promptly transfer or cause its Affiliates to transfer such Excluded Asset to Seller for no additional consideration.

(c)

If, at any time following the Closing, Purchaser becomes aware that any Retained Liability (whether arising prior to, 
at or following the Closing) was assumed by Purchaser, then Purchaser shall promptly notify Seller and Purchaser and Seller shall each use 
reasonable efforts to resolve the ownership of such Retained Liability by written agreement.

(d)

6.6 Tax Matters.  

From and after the Closing, Seller, on the one hand, and Purchaser, on the other hand, (i) will promptly inform the 
other Party in writing of any written notice that it receives of any audit, investigation, request for documents or information related to Taxes 
that could affect the Tax liability of the 

(a)

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other  Party,  (ii)  will  each  provide  the  other  Party,  at  the  other  Party’s  expense,  with  such  assistance  as  may  reasonably  be  requested  in 
connection with the preparation of any Tax Return, audit or other examination by any taxing authority or judicial or administrative Proceeding 
relating to liability for Taxes, will each retain and, at the other Party’s expense, provide to the other Party all records and other information 
that may be relevant to any such Tax Return, audit or examination, Proceeding or determination and (iii) will each provide the other Party with 
any final determination of any such audit or examination, Proceeding or determination that affects any amount required to be shown on any 
Tax  Return  of  the  other  Party  for  any  period.    Without  limiting  the  generality  of  the  foregoing,  Seller  and  Purchaser  will  retain,  until  the 
expiration of the applicable statutes of limitation (including any extensions thereof), copies of all Tax Returns, supporting work schedules and 
other records relating to tax periods or portions thereof of Seller ending on or prior to the Closing Date.

(b)

Purchaser and Seller agree to allocate the Purchase Price (along with all other items of consideration for income 
Tax purposes) and any adjustment thereto among the Purchased Assets in accordance with Section 1060 of the Code and the principles set 
forth  on  Exhibit  C  for  all  U.S.  federal,  state  and  local  income  Tax  purposes  (as  finally  determined  pursuant  to  this  Section  6.5(b),  the 
“Allocation”).  No later than 90 days following the Closing, Purchaser shall prepare the Allocation, which shall be binding upon the Parties for 
all U.S. federal, state and local income Tax purposes.  The Parties shall each timely and properly report the sale of the Purchased Assets in a 
manner  consistent  with  the Allocation,  act  and  file  in  all  respects  and  for  all  purposes  consistent  with  such Allocation,  including  filing  all 
federal, state, local and tax returns, and shall not take, or permit others to take on its behalf, any position in connection with any income Tax 
audit or contest that is inconsistent with the Allocation, except as otherwise required by a “determination” as set forth in Section 1313 of the 
Code.  In the case of any subsequent adjustment to the Purchase Price or any other relevant item of consideration requiring an amendment 
to the Allocation, Purchaser shall prepare an amended Allocation in accordance with the principles set forth in this Section 6.6(b) and provide 
such amended allocation to Seller (which shall become the Allocation).  Seller shall timely deliver all such documents and other information 
as Purchaser may reasonably request in order to prepare the Allocation.

6.7 Restrictive Covenants.

(a)

[Reserved]. 

(b)

Employee  Non-Solicitation;  No  Hire.    Seller  agrees  that,  during  the  period  beginning  on  the  Closing  Date  and 
ending on the second anniversary of the Closing Date (the “Restricted Period”), without the prior written consent of Purchaser, Seller and its 
Affiliates shall not, directly or indirectly in any way, (i) solicit or attempt to solicit, aid, induce or attempt to induce any Persons that (A) are or 
were  employees  or  service  providers  of  Purchaser  or  its  Affiliates  at  any  time  during  the  Restricted  Period  or  (B)  are  or  were  officers, 
directors, employees or service providers of Seller or its Affiliates who work or are or were engaged in connection with the Program or the 
Purchased Assets, and Persons acting under any management, service, consulting, distribution, dealer or similar contract in connection with 
the Program or the Purchased Assets (collectively, “Covered Employees XE “Covered Employees” \t “Section 5.8(a)””) to leave the employ 
of  Purchaser  or  its  Affiliates,  or  violate  the  terms  of  their  contracts,  or  any  employment  or  contracting  or  consulting  arrangements,  with 
Purchaser  or  its Affiliates,  as  applicable,  or  (ii)  solicit  any  customer,  prospective  customer  with  whom  Seller  has  had  contact  prior  to  the 
Closing, supplier, licensee, licensor, creditor or other business relation of Seller with respect to the Program or the Purchased Assets to divert 
their  business  or  services  from  Purchaser  or  its  Affiliates,  or  in  any  way  interfere  with  the  relationship  between  any  such  customer, 
prospective customer with whom Seller has had contact prior to the Closing, supplier, licensee, licensor, creditor, other business relation or 
any Person and Purchaser or its Affiliates.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall not be prohibited from placing public advertisements or 
conducting any other form of general solicitation that is not specifically targeted towards any Covered Employee.  

made or condone the making of any statement, comment or other 

(c)

Non-Disparagement.  Seller will not, and will cause its Affiliates not to, directly or indirectly, make or cause to be 

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communication,  written  or  otherwise,  that  could  constitute  disparagement  or  criticism  of,  or  that  could  otherwise  be  considered  to  be 
derogatory or detrimental to, or otherwise reflect adversely on, harm the reputation of, or encourage any adverse action against, Purchaser 
or any of its Representatives or Affiliates, or the Program.

(d)

Remedies.  The Parties expressly acknowledge that they do not intend the consideration set forth in this Agreement 
to act as a measure of, or a limitation on, the damages or other remedies that may otherwise be available to Purchaser in the event of a 
breach of this Agreement by Seller.  Seller agrees that irreparable damage would occur and Purchaser would not have an adequate remedy 
at Law if any provision of this Section 6.7 is not performed in accordance with its specific terms or is otherwise breached.  Accordingly, Seller 
agrees  that  Purchaser  will  be  entitled  to  (a)  injunctive  relief  from  time  to  time  to  prevent  breaches  of  the  provisions  of  Section  6.7  and  to 
enforce  specifically  Section  6.7  and  the  terms  and  provisions  hereof  without  the  requirement  of  posting  any  bond  or  other  indemnity,  in 
addition  to  any  other  remedy  to  which  Purchaser  may  be  entitled,  at  Law  or  in  equity,  including  any  and  all  monetary  damages  which 
Purchaser may incur as a result of such breach or threatened breach and (b) recovery of all attorney’s fees and costs incurred by Purchaser 
in obtaining such relief.  Seller agrees not to raise any objections to the availability of the equitable remedy of specific performance to prevent 
or restrain breaches of Section 6.7, and to specifically enforce the terms of Section 6.7 to prevent breaches or threatened breaches of, or to 
enforce compliance with, the covenants and obligations of Seller under Section 6.7.  Purchaser may pursue any remedy available, including 
declaratory relief, concurrently or consecutively in any order, and the pursuit of one such remedy at any time will not be deemed an election 
of remedies or waiver of the right to pursue any other remedy.

(e)

Blue Pencil.  The Parties agree that, if the final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction or other Governmental 
Authority deems the term of any provision contained in this Section 6.7 too lengthy or the scope too broad, the Parties expressly intend and 
desire that the other provisions of this  Section 6.7 shall nevertheless stand, and that, as applicable, the term be revised to be the longest 
period  permissible  by  Law  under  the  circumstances  and/or  the  scope  be  revised  to  be  as  broad  as  permissible  by  Law  under  the 
circumstances, in each case, by the court or other Governmental Authority making such determination.

Tolling.  In the event of the breach by Seller of this Section 6.7, the running of the period of restriction applicable 
thereto shall be automatically tolled and suspended for the amount of time that such breach continues, and shall automatically recommence 
when the breach is remedied so that Purchaser shall receive the full benefit of Seller’s compliance with this Section 6.7. 

(f)

6.8 Public Announcements.

(a)

None of Seller, any of its Affiliates, or any of its or its Affiliates’ respective Representatives shall issue or cause the 
publication  of  any  press  release  or  other  public  announcement  relating  to  this Agreement,  any  Transaction  Document  or  the  transactions 
contemplated  hereby  or  thereby  (whether  before  or  after  the  Closing)  or  make  publicly  available  this  Agreement  or  any  Transaction 
Document (whether before or after the Closing) without the prior written consent of Purchaser, except as such Person believes in good faith 
and based on reasonable advice of counsel is required by applicable Law or by applicable rules of any stock exchange or quotation system 
on which such Person or its Affiliates lists or trades securities (in which case the disclosing Person shall (i) advise Purchaser in writing before 
making such disclosure, (ii) allow Purchaser reasonable time to review and comment, and (iii) consider in good faith Purchaser’s comments). 

Prior  to  the  Closing,  Purchaser  shall  allow  Seller  reasonable  time  to  review  and  comment  on  (which  comments 
shall be considered in good faith) any press release or other public announcement Purchaser makes prior to the Closing in respect of this 
Agreement, any Transaction Document or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.

(b)

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ARTICLE VII
SURVIVAL; INDEMNIFICATION

Final Form

7.1 Survival of Representations and Warranties. 

The representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained herein or in any certificate delivered by or 
on behalf of any Party pursuant to this Agreement or any Transaction Document shall survive the Closing and the Delivery Date and continue 
in full force and effect until 11:59 p.m. Pacific on the date that is twelve (12) months after the Delivery Date, except that:

(a)

Pacific on the second (2nd) anniversary of the Delivery Date; and

(i)

the representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.5 (Intellectual Property) shall survive until 11:59 p.m. 

the Closing until expired, terminated or fully performed, in accordance with their terms.

(ii) the covenants and agreements that explicitly contemplate performance at or after the Closing shall survive 

(b)

Notwithstanding anything to contrary in this Agreement, the indemnification obligations set forth in this Article VII (i) 
(A) related to any claim of an inaccuracy or breach any representations and warranties made by Seller contained in this Agreement or any 
Transaction  Document  or  any  schedule,  certificate  or  other  document  delivered  pursuant  hereto  or  thereto  or  in  connection  with  the 
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby or (B) any breach of or failure to perform any covenant or agreement by Seller contained in this 
Agreement or any Transaction Document or any schedule, certificate or other document delivered pursuant hereto or thereto or in connection 
with  the  transactions  contemplated  hereby  or  thereby  (in  each  case  which  shall,  for  the  avoidance  of  doubt,  not  require  the  filing  of  any 
Proceeding and instead shall only require a notice of claim from one Party to the other) timely delivered within the relevant time period set 
forth in this Section 7.1 shall survive until all such claims shall have been finally resolved and payment in respect thereof, if any, required to 
be made, shall have been made; and (ii) shall, except in the case of fraud, expire and automatically terminate upon the filing by Seller of a 
certificate of dissolution with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

7.2 Indemnification by Seller.

(a)

From and after the Closing, Seller shall save, defend, indemnify and hold harmless Purchaser and its Affiliates and 
the  respective  Representatives,  successors  and  assigns  of  each  of  the  foregoing  from  and  against,  and  shall  compensate  and  reimburse 
each of the foregoing for, any and all Losses XE “Losses” \t “8.2”  asserted against, incurred, sustained or suffered by any of the foregoing as 
a result of, arising out of or relating to:

(i) any inaccuracy or breach of any representation or warranty made by Seller contained in this Agreement or 
any  Transaction  Document  or  any  schedule,  certificate  or  other  document  delivered  pursuant  hereto  or  thereto  or  in  connection  with  the 
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby;

(ii) any breach of or failure to perform any covenant or agreement by Seller contained in this Agreement or any 
Transaction  Document  or  any  schedule,  certificate  or  other  document  delivered  pursuant  hereto  or  thereto  or  in  connection  with  the 
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby; and

(iii) any Excluded Asset or Retained Liability.

7.3 Indemnification by Purchaser.

From and after the Closing, Purchaser shall save, defend, indemnify and hold harmless Seller and its Affiliates and 
the  respective  Representatives,  successors  and  assigns  of  each  of  the  foregoing  from  and  against,  and  shall  compensate  and  reimburse 
each of the foregoing for, any and all 

(a)

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Losses asserted against, incurred, sustained or suffered by any of the foregoing as a result of, arising out of or relating to:

Final Form

(i) any inaccuracy or breach of any representation or warranty made by Purchaser contained in this Agreement 
or any Transaction Document or any schedule, certificate or other document delivered pursuant hereto or thereto or in connection with the 
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby;

(ii) any breach of or failure to perform any covenant or agreement by Purchaser contained in this Agreement or 
any  Transaction  Document  or  any  schedule,  certificate  or  other  document  delivered  pursuant  hereto  or  thereto  or  in  connection  with  the 
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby; and

(iii) any Assumed Liability.   

7.4 Indemnification Procedure.

(a)

In  the  event  that  any  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  receives  notice  of  the  assertion  of  any  claim  or  of  the 
commencement of any Proceeding by any Person who is not a Party or an Affiliate of a Party (a “Third Party Claim XE “Third Party Claim” \t 
“Section 6.3(a)” ”) against such Purchaser Indemnified Party, with respect to which Seller is or may be required to provide indemnification 
under  this Agreement,  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  shall  give  written  notice  regarding  such Third  Party  Claim  to  Seller  within  30  days 
after learning of such Third Party Claim, provided that the failure to so notify Seller shall not relieve Seller of its obligations under this Article 
VII except to the extent (and only to the extent) that Seller is materially prejudiced by reason of such failure, and will not relieve Seller from 
any other obligation that it may have to a Purchaser Indemnified Party other than under this Article VII.  For purposes of this Article VII, any 
references  to  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  shall,  if  the  context  so  applies  or  if  Purchaser  so  elects,  to  Purchaser  on  behalf  of  the 
applicable Purchaser Indemnified Party.  

(b)

Seller shall be entitled to participate in the defense of such Third Party Claim at Seller’s expense (which expenses 
shall not be applied against any indemnity limitation herein).  Seller at its option shall be entitled to assume the defense thereof (subject to 
the limitations set forth below) by (i) delivering written notice to the Purchaser Indemnified Party of its election to assume the defense of such 
Third  Party  Claim  within  15  days  of  receipt  of  notice  from  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party,  (ii)  appointing  a  nationally  recognized  and 
reputable counsel reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Indemnified Party to be the lead counsel in connection with such defense and (iii) 
entering into a written agreement with the Purchaser Indemnified Party that Seller is unconditionally obligated to pay and satisfy any Losses 
which may arise with respect to such Third Party Claim and provides evidence of its ability to satisfy such obligation, in each case, in form 
and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Purchaser Indemnified Party.  If Seller does not expressly elect to assume the defense of such 
Third  Party  Claim  within  the  time  period  and  otherwise  in  accordance  with  the  preceding  sentence,  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  shall 
have the sole right to assume the defense of and to settle such Third Party Claim.

(c)

If  Seller  has  assumed  the  defense  of  a  Third  Party  Claim  in  accordance  with  the  terms  hereof,  the  Purchaser 
Indemnified Party shall be entitled to participate in the defense of such claim and to employ counsel of its choice for such purpose, and the 
fees and expenses of such separate counsel shall be borne by the Purchaser Indemnified Party other than any fees and expenses of such 
separate  counsel  (i)  that  are  incurred  prior  to  the  date  Seller  assumes  control  of  such  defense,  (ii)  if  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party 
reasonably  shall  have  concluded  (upon  advice  of  its  counsel)  that  there  may  be  one  or  more  legal  defenses  available  to  such  Purchaser 
Indemnified Party that are not available to Seller, or (iii) if Seller may have different, conflicting, or adverse legal positions or interests from 
the Purchaser Indemnified Party with respect to such Third Party Claim.

Notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  contained  herein,  Seller  shall  not  be  entitled  to  control  the  defense  of  a 
Third Party Claim (and the Purchaser Indemnified Party shall be entitled to maintain or assume control of the defense of such Third Party 
Claim, at Seller’s sole expense) if (i) the 

(d)

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Third Party Claim relates to or involves any criminal or quasi criminal Proceeding, (ii)  the Third Party Claim could reasonably be expected to 
materially and adversely affect the Purchaser Indemnified Party (as determined by the Purchaser Indemnified Party in good faith) other than 
as  solely  a  result  of  money  damages,  (iii)  the  Third  Party  Claim  seeks  an  injunction  or  other  equitable  relief  against  the  Purchaser 
Indemnified Party, (iv)  there exists or would, or could reasonably be expected to, exist a conflict of interest that would make it inappropriate 
in the judgment of the Purchaser Indemnified Party for the same counsel to represent both the Purchaser Indemnified Party and Seller, (v) 
the Purchaser Indemnified Party elects to pursue one or more defenses or counterclaims available to it that are inconsistent with one or more 
of  those  that  are  being  pursued  by  Seller  in  respect  of  such Third  Party  Claim  or  any  litigation  relating  thereto,  (vi)  the Third  Party  Claim 
relates to any Intellectual Property, or (vii) Seller fails to vigorously defend the Third Party Claim.

(e)

If  Seller  shall  control  the  defense  of  any  Third  Party  Claim,  Seller  shall  obtain  the  prior  written  consent  of  the 
Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  before  entering  into  any  settlement  of,  consenting  to  the  entry  of  any  judgment  with  respect  to  or  ceasing  to 
defend such Third Party Claim if (i) pursuant to or as a result of such settlement, consent or cessation, injunctive or other equitable relief will 
be  imposed  against  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party,  or  a  finding  or  admission  of  any  violation  of  Law  would  be  made  by  any  Purchaser 
Indemnified Party, or such settlement, consent or cessation could otherwise reasonably be expected to interfere with or adversely affect the 
business, operations or assets of the Purchaser Indemnified Party, or (ii) such settlement or judgment does not expressly and unconditionally 
release the Purchaser Indemnified Party from all Liabilities and obligations with respect to such Third Party Claim.

The  indemnification  required  hereunder  in  respect  of  a  Third  Party  Claim  shall  be  made  by  prompt  payment  by 
Seller of the amount of actual Losses in connection therewith, as and when bills are received by Seller or within 10 days following Seller’s 
receipt of notice that Losses have been incurred.

(f)

(g)

Seller  hereby  consents  to  the  nonexclusive  jurisdiction  of  any  court  in  which  a  Proceeding  in  respect  of  a  Third 
Party  Claim  is  brought  against  any  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  for  purposes  of  any  claim  that  a  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  may  have 
under this Agreement with respect to such Proceeding or the matters alleged therein and agrees that process may be served on Seller with 
respect to such claim anywhere.

Proceeding is brought or claim is made against it hereunder by the Purchaser Indemnified Party.

(h)

Seller shall not be entitled to require that any Proceeding be made or brought against any other Person before a 

(i)

In the event any Purchaser Indemnified Party has a claim against Seller hereunder that does not involve a Third 
Party Claim being asserted against or sought to be collected from such Purchaser Indemnified Party, the Purchaser Indemnified Party shall 
deliver  notice  of  such  claim  with  reasonable  promptness  to  Seller,  provided  that  the  failure  to  so  notify  Seller  shall  not  relieve  Seller  of  its 
obligations  under  this Article  VII  except  to  the  extent  (and  only  to  the  extent)  that  Seller  is  actually  and  materially  prejudiced  by  reason  of 
such  failure,  and  will  not  relieve  Seller  from  any  other  obligation  that  it  may  have  to  a  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  other  than  under  this 
Article VII.  If Seller does not notify the Purchaser Indemnified Party within 10 days following its receipt of such notice that Seller disputes its 
Liability  to  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  hereunder,  such  claim  specified  by  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  in  such  notice  shall  be 
conclusively deemed a Liability of Seller hereunder and Seller shall pay the amount of such Liability to the Purchaser Indemnified Party on 
demand.

If Seller agrees that it has an indemnification obligation under this Article VII but asserts that it is obligated to pay a 
lesser  amount  than  that  claimed  by  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party,  Seller  shall  pay  such  lesser  amount  promptly  to  the  Purchaser 
Indemnified Party, without prejudice to or waiver of the Purchaser Indemnified Party’s claim for the difference. 

(j)

7.5 Certain Limitations.

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Basket for Losses of the Purchaser Indemnified Parties.  Seller shall not be liable under Section 7.2(a)(i) unless 
the aggregate Losses incurred by the Purchaser Indemnified Parties with respect to all matters for which indemnification is to be provided 
under Section 7.2(a)(i) exceed $50,000.00 (the “Basket Amount XE “Basket Amount” \t “Section 6.4(a)” ”).  If and when such Basket Amount 
is met, then Seller will be liable under Section 7.2(a)(i) from the first dollar thereof.

(a)

Cap  on  Certain  Losses  of  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Parties.   The  aggregate  amount  required  to  be  paid  by 
Seller under Section 7.2(a)(i) shall not exceed $400,000.00 (the “Cap XE “Cap” \t “Section 6.4(b)” ”), and (ii) the aggregate amount required 
to be paid by Seller under Section 7.2(a)(i) with respect to inaccuracies in or breaches of Section 3.5 shall not exceed the Purchase Price.

(b)

(c)

Exceptions to Basket and Cap.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, (i) the limitations set 
forth in Section 7.5(a) and Section 7.5(b)(i) shall not apply to Losses by reason of, resulting from or arising out of, any inaccuracy or breach 
of Section 3.5, (ii) the limitations set forth in Section 7.5(a) and Section 7.5(b) shall not apply to Losses by reason of, resulting from or arising 
out of, any claims of fraud, and (iii) no indemnification payment made by Seller by reason of, resulting from or arising out of, any breach of 
Section 3.5 shall be considered in determining whether the Basket Amount or the Cap has been exceeded.

7.6 Materiality Qualifiers.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, for purposes of determining (a) whether a 
breach of a representation or warranty exists for purposes of this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant to this Agreement, (b) the 
amount  of  Losses  arising  from  such  a  breach  for  which  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Parties  are  entitled  to  indemnification  under  this 
Agreement  and  (c)  whether  the  Basket Amount  has  been  exceeded,  each  such  representation  and  warranty  shall  be  read  without  giving 
effect to any qualification that is based on materiality, including the words “material,” “Material Adverse Effect,” “in any material respect” and 
other uses of the word “material” or words of similar meaning (and shall be treated as if such words were deleted from such representation or 
warranty).

7.7 Indemnification as Sole Remedy.  Following the Closing, the indemnification provided for in this Article VII shall be the sole 
and exclusive remedy and recourse for any breach of this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else in this Agreement to 
the  contrary,  (a)  in  the  case  of  fraud,  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Parties,  as  applicable,  shall  have  all  remedies  available  under  this 
Agreement or otherwise at Law without giving effect to any of the limitations or waivers contained herein, and (b) nothing herein shall limit 
any  Party’s  right  to  seek  and  obtain  equitable  remedies  with  respect  to  any  covenant  or  agreement  contained  in  this Agreement  or  any 
Transaction Document.  

7.8 Investigation.    Purchaser  expressly  reserves  the  right  to  seek  indemnity  or  other  remedy  for  any  Losses  arising  out  of  or 
relating  to  any  breach  of  any  representation,  warranty,  covenant  or  agreement  contained  herein,  notwithstanding  (a)  any  investigation  by, 
disclosure to or knowledge of Purchaser or any of its Affiliates or the Representatives of Purchaser or any of its Affiliates in respect of any 
fact  or  circumstances  that  reveals  the  occurrence  of  any  such  breach,  whether  before  or  after  the  execution  and  delivery  hereof  or  (b) 
Purchaser’s participation in the Closing.  

7.9 Satisfaction of Indemnification Claims.  The Purchaser Indemnified Parties may seek satisfaction of indemnification claims 
directly  from  Seller.    If  any  amount  owed  under  this Article  VII  is  not  paid  within  10  days  of  Seller  and  the  Purchaser  Indemnified  Parties 
agreeing such amount is due or upon a final adjudication determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that such amount is due (either, a 
“Final Determination XE “Final Determination” \t “Section 6.8” ”), and Seller shall reimburse the Purchaser Indemnified Party for any and all 
costs or expenses of any nature or kind whatsoever (including reasonable legal fees) incurred in seeking to collect such amount under this 
Article VII, and no limitation in this Article VII shall apply to any such interest or reimbursement.  If any amount owed under this Article VII is 
not paid within 30 days of a Final Determination, Purchaser may, in its sole discretion, in addition to all other remedies it may have, recover 
some or all of such amount by setting off such amount against any amounts then due and payable by Purchaser or any of its Affiliates to 
Seller or any of its Affiliates under this 

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Agreement, any Transaction Document or any other agreement with Seller.  In each case, the exercise of such right to cancel or set off shall 
not  constitute  a  breach  of  any  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party’s  obligations  under  this  Agreement,  any  Transaction  Document  or  any  other 
agreement with Seller, and the exercise or failure to exercise such right to cancel or set off shall not constitute an election of remedies or limit 
any  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  in  any  manner  in  the  enforcement  of  any  other  remedies  that  may  be  available  to  such  Purchaser 
Indemnified Party.  Seller hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints Purchaser as their true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full 
power  of  substitution  to  do  any  and  all  things  and  execute  any  and  all  documents  which  may  be  necessary  to  effectuate  any  set  off  in 
accordance with this Section 7.9.  The foregoing grant of authority is a special power of attorney coupled with an interest and is irrevocable. 

7.10Waiver of Contribution.  Seller hereby irrevocably waives and releases any right of contribution, subrogation or any similar 
right  against  any  Purchaser  Indemnified  Party  in  respect  of  matters  that  are  or  may  become  the  subject  of  claims  for  indemnification 
hereunder and any indemnification payments that Seller may, at any time, be required to make to any Purchaser Indemnified Party pursuant 
to this Agreement, whether directly or indirectly.

ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL

8.1 Notices.   All  notices,  requests,  claims,  demands  or  other  communications  that  are  required  or  may  be  given  pursuant  to  the 
terms of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given (a) when delivered, if delivered by hand, (b) one day 
after transmitted, if transmitted by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, (c) when telecopied, if telecopied (which is confirmed), 
(d) on the day transmitted by email if sent during regular business hours of the recipient, otherwise the day after transmission by email, or (e) 
three  days  after  mailing,  if  mailed  by  registered  or  certified  mail  (return  receipt  requested),  to  the  parties  at  the  following  addresses  (or  at 
such other address for a party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 8.1):

(a)

If to Purchaser:

ORGANOVO, INC.
11555 Sorrento Valley Road 
Suite 100
San Diego, CA 92121
Attention:  General Counsel
Telephone:  858-294-1605
Email: legal@organovo.com

With a simultaneous copy to:

Paul Hastings LLP
1117 S California Ave.

Palo Alto, CA 94304
E-Mail:  jeffhartlin@paulhastings.com
Attention:  Jeff Hartlin

If to Seller:

METACRINE, INC.
4225 Executive Square, Suite 600
21

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
Final Form

San Diego, CA 92037
Attention:  Michael York, President

With a simultaneous copy to:

Cooley LLP
10265 Science Center Drive
San Diego, California 92121
Attention:  Karen Deschaine
Telephone:  (858) 550-6088
Fax: (858) 550-6420
Email: kdeschaine@cooley.com

8.2 Severability.  Any term or provision of this Agreement that is invalid or unenforceable in any situation in any jurisdiction shall not 
affect  the  validity  or  enforceability  of  the  remaining  terms  and  provisions  hereof  or  the  validity  or  enforceability  of  the  offending  term  or 
provision in any other situation or in any other jurisdiction.  If the final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction declares that any term or 
provision hereof is invalid or unenforceable, the parties hereto agree that the court making such determination shall have the power to limit 
the term or provision, to delete specific words or phrases, or to replace any invalid or unenforceable term or provision with a term or provision 
that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of the invalid or unenforceable term or provision, and this 
Agreement shall be enforceable as so modified.  In the event such court does not exercise the power granted to it in the prior sentence, the 
parties  hereto  agree  to  replace  such  invalid  or  unenforceable  term  or  provision  with  a  valid  and  enforceable  term  or  provision  that  will 
achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other purposes of such invalid or unenforceable term.  

8.3 Successors and Assigns; Parties In Interest.

This Agreement shall be binding upon:  the Seller and its successors and assigns (if any) and the Purchaser and its 
successors and assigns (if any).  This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of:  the Seller, the Purchaser; and the respective successors and 
assigns (if any) of the foregoing.  

(a)

The  Purchaser  may  freely  assign  any  or  all  of  its  rights  under  this Agreement,  in  whole  or  in  part,  to  any  other 
Person without obtaining the consent or approval of any other Person.  Seller shall not be permitted to assign any of its rights or delegate any 
of its obligations under this Agreement without the Purchaser’s prior written consent.

(b)

(c)

None of the provisions of this Agreement is intended to provide any rights or remedies to any Person other than the 
parties  to  this  Agreement  and  their  respective  successors  and  assigns  (if  any).    Without  limiting  the  generality  of  the  foregoing,  (i)  no 
employee of the Seller shall have any rights under this Agreement or under any of the other Transaction Documents, and (ii) no creditor of 
the Seller shall have any rights under this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents.  

8.4 Incorporation of Exhibits.  All Exhibits and Schedules attached hereto and referred to herein are hereby incorporated herein 

and made a part of this Agreement for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

8.5 Governing Law; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.  

THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, 
THE  LAWS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  DELAWARE  OTHER  THAN  CONFLICT  OF  LAWS  PRINCIPLES  THEREOF  DIRECTING  THE 
APPLICATION OF ANY LAW OTHER 

(a)

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

22

 
 
 
Final Form
THAN  THAT  OF  DELAWARE.    COURTS  WITHIN  THE  STATE  OF  DELAWARE  WILL  HAVE  JURISDICTION  OVER  ALL  DISPUTES 
BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT AND THE AGREEMENTS, 
INSTRUMENTS AND  DOCUMENTS  CONTEMPLATED  HEREBY.   THE  PARTIES  HEREBY  CONSENT TO AND AGREE TO  SUBMIT TO 
THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS.  EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUCH 
DISPUTE, TO THE  FULLEST  EXTENT  PERMITTED  BY APPLICABLE  LAW, ANY  CLAIM THAT  (I)  SUCH  PARTY  IS  NOT  PERSONALLY 
SUBJECT  TO  THE  JURISDICTION  OF  SUCH  COURTS,  (II)  SUCH  PARTY AND  SUCH  PARTY’S  PROPERTY  IS  IMMUNE  FROM ANY 
LEGAL  PROCESS  ISSUED  BY  SUCH  COURTS  OR  (III)  ANY  LITIGATION  COMMENCED  IN  SUCH  COURTS  IS  BROUGHT  IN  AN 
INCONVENIENT FORUM.

(b)

TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT 
TO  TRIAL  BY  JURY  IN  ANY  PROCEEDING  OR  COUNTERCLAIM  (WHETHER  BASED  ON  CONTRACT,  TORT,  STATUTE  OR 
OTHERWISE)  ARISING  OUT  OF  OR  RELATING  TO  THIS  AGREEMENT,  THE  TRANSACTIONS  CONTEMPLATED  HEREBY  OR  THE 
ACTIONS  OF  SUCH  PARTY  IN  THE  NEGOTIATION,  ADMINISTRATION,  PERFORMANCE  AND  ENFORCEMENT  HEREOF.    TO  THE 
FULLEST  EXTENT  PERMITTED  BY  LAW,  EACH  PARTY  FURTHER  WAIVES  ANY  RIGHT  TO  SEEK  TO  CONSOLIDATE  ANY 
PROCEEDING IN WHICH A JURY TRIAL HAS BEEN WAIVED WITH ANY OTHER PROCEEDING IN WHICH A JURY TRIAL CANNOT OR 
HAS NOT BEEN WAIVED.  EACH PARTY CERTIFIES AND ACKNOWLEDGES THAT (I) NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY 
OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED OR WARRANTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD 
NOT,  IN THE  EVENT  OF  LITIGATION,  SEEK TO  ENFORCE THE  FOREGOING  WAIVER,  (II)  EACH  PARTY  UNDERSTANDS AND  HAS 
CONSIDERED THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WAIVER, (III) EACH PARTY MAKES THIS WAIVER VOLUNTARILY AND (IV) EACH PARTY 
HAS  BEEN  INDUCED  TO  ENTER  INTO  THIS  AGREEMENT  BY,  AMONG  OTHER  THINGS,  THE  MUTUAL  WAIVERS  AND 
CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 8.5.     

8.6 Headings;  Interpretation.    The  descriptive  headings  contained  in  this Agreement  are  included  for  convenience  of  reference 
only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.  The Parties have participated jointly in the negotiation 
and drafting of this Agreement.  In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if 
drafted jointly by the Parties, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any Party by virtue of the authorship of 
any provisions of this Agreement.

8.7 Counterparts; Facsimiles.  This Agreement may be executed and delivered (including by electronic or facsimile transmission) 
in two or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when executed and delivered shall be 
deemed to be an original but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

8.8 Entire Agreement.    This Agreement  (including  the  Schedules  and  Exhibits  attached  hereto)  and  the  Transaction  Documents 
executed  in  connection  with  the  consummation  of  the  Acquisition  contain  the  entire  agreement  between  the  Parties  with  respect  to  the 
subject matter hereof and related transactions and supersede all prior agreements, written or oral, with respect thereto.  

8.9 Waivers and Amendments; Non-Contractual Remedies.  This Agreement may be amended, superseded, canceled, renewed 
or extended only by a written instrument signed by all of the Parties.  The provisions hereof may be waived only in writing signed by all of the 
Parties.  No delay on the part of any Party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall 
any  waiver  on  the  part  of  any  Party  of  any  such  right,  power  or  privilege,  nor  any  single  or  partial  exercise  of  any  such  right,  power  or 
privilege, preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other such right, power or privilege.  

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

23

 
 
Final Form
8.10Knowledge.  For purposes of this Agreement, a Party shall be deemed to have “Knowledge” of a particular fact or other matter 
if  any  Representative  of  such  Party  has  or  would  have,  after  reasonable  investigation  and  due  diligence,  knowledge  of  such  fact  or  other 
matter.

8.11Time of the Essence.  Time is of the essence of this Agreement.

8.12Specific Performance.  The Parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this 
Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached.  Accordingly, each of the Parties shall be 
entitled  to  enforce  specifically  the  provisions  of  this  Agreement,  including  obtaining  an  injunction  or  injunctions  to  prevent  breaches  or 
threatened breaches of this Agreement, in any court designated to resolve disputes concerning this Agreement (or, if such court lacks subject 
matter jurisdiction, in any appropriate state or federal court), this being in addition to any other remedy to which such Party is entitled at Law 
or in equity.  Each Party further agrees not to assert and waives (a) any defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at Law 
would  be  adequate  and  (b)  any  requirement  under  any  Law  to  post  security  or  provide  indemnity  as  a  prerequisite  to  obtaining  equitable 
relief.

[Signatures appear on next page]

24

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
IN  WITNESS  WHEREOF,  intending  to  be  legally  bound  hereby,  the  Parties  have  caused  this  Agreement  to  be  signed  in  their 

respective names by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first above written.

ORGANOVO, INC.

By: ____________________________
Name:
Title:

____________________________
____________________________

METACRINE, INC.

By: ____________________________
Name:
Title:

____________________________
____________________________

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT A

ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT

This  ASSIGNMENT  AND ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT  (“Assignment Agreement”)  is  made  as  of  March  10,  2023  by  and  between 
Metacrine, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Seller”), and Organovo, Inc. a Delaware corporation (“Purchaser”).  Capitalized terms used but not 
defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Agreement (as hereinafter defined). 

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, Seller and Purchaser are parties to an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of even date herewith (the “Agreement”) 
providing for, among other things, the sale by Seller to Purchaser of the Purchased Assets and the assumption by Purchaser of the Assumed 
Liabilities; and

WHEREAS,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  Agreement,  Seller  and  Purchaser  have  agreed  to  enter  into  this  Assignment 
Agreement, providing for (a) the assignment from Seller to Purchaser of all of Seller’s right, title and interest in and to the Purchased Assets, 
including the Transferred Agreements, from and after the Closing, on and subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement and (b) the 
acceptance by Purchaser of such assignment and the assumption by Purchaser of Liabilities of Seller under the Assumed Liabilities, on the 
terms and subject to the conditions of Section 2.3 of the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of 

which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:

1.

Assignment.    In  accordance  with  and  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Agreement,  Seller  hereby  sells,  conveys, 
transfers, assigns and delivers to Purchaser, free and clear of all Encumbrances other than the Assumed Liabilities, all of Seller’s right, title 
and interest in and to all of the Purchased Assets, including the Transferred Agreements, from and after the Closing.  

2. Assumption.  Effective as of the Closing, Purchaser hereby assumes and agrees to pay, perform and discharge, and be bound by 
the obligations, liabilities and duties of the Assumed Liabilities on the terms and subject to the conditions of Section 2.3 of the Agreement.  
Except  for  those  Liabilities  expressly  assumed  by  Purchaser  pursuant  to  Section  2.3  of  the Agreement,  Purchaser  shall  assume  no  other 
Liabilities of the Seller.

3.

Further Assurances.  Seller and Purchaser shall each execute, acknowledge (if appropriate) and deliver, or cause the execution, 
acknowledgment  and  delivery  of,  and  make  or  cause  to  be  done  or  made,  such  further  documents  and  instruments,  acts  or  things, 
supplemental,  confirmatory  or  otherwise,  as  may  reasonably  be  requested  by  the  other  party  hereto  to  implement  the  purposes  of  this 
Assignment Agreement and the Agreement.

4.

Assignability.  This Assignment Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the Seller and its successors 
and assigns (if any) and the Purchaser and its successors and assigns (if any).  The Purchaser may freely assign any or all of its rights under 
this Assignment Agreement, in whole or in part, to any other Person without obtaining the consent or approval of any other Person.  Seller 
shall not be permitted to assign any of its rights or delegate any of its obligations under this Assignment Agreement without the Purchaser’s 
prior written consent.

5. Non-contravention.

Nothing set forth in this Assignment Agreement shall limit or otherwise negate the rights and obligations of 
Purchaser and Seller as set forth in the Agreement.  In the event of any conflict between any term of condition of this Assignment and any 
term or condition of the Agreement, the term or condition of the Agreement shall control.

1

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Final Form

6.

Counterparts.  This Assignment Agreement may be executed and delivered (including by electronic or facsimile transmission) in 
two or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when executed and delivered shall be 
deemed to be an original but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

7.

Governing  Law.    THIS  ASSIGNMENT  AGREEMENT  SHALL  BE  GOVERNED  BY,  AND  CONSTRUED  AND  ENFORCED  IN 
ACCORDANCE  WITH,  THE  LAWS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  DELAWARE  OTHER  THAN  CONFLICT  OF  LAWS  PRINCIPLES  THEREOF 
DIRECTING  THE APPLICATION  OF ANY  LAW  OTHER  THAN  THAT  OF  DELAWARE.    COURTS  WITHIN  THE  STATE  OF  DELAWARE 
WILL  HAVE  JURISDICTION  OVER  ALL  DISPUTES  BETWEEN  THE  PARTIES  HERETO  ARISING  OUT  OF  OR  RELATING  TO  THIS 
ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT AND THE AGREEMENTS, INSTRUMENTS AND DOCUMENTS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.  THE PARTIES 
HEREBY  CONSENT  TO  AND  AGREE  TO  SUBMIT  TO  THE  JURISDICTION  OF  SUCH  COURTS.    EACH  OF  THE  PARTIES  HERETO 
WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUCH DISPUTE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY 
CLAIM  THAT  (I)  SUCH  PARTY  IS  NOT  PERSONALLY  SUBJECT  TO  THE  JURISDICTION  OF  SUCH  COURTS,  (II)  SUCH  PARTY AND 
SUCH  PARTY’S  PROPERTY  IS  IMMUNE  FROM  ANY  LEGAL  PROCESS  ISSUED  BY  SUCH  COURTS  OR  (III)  ANY  LITIGATION 
COMMENCED IN SUCH COURTS IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM.

8.

Non-Assignable Contracts.  Nothing in this Assignment Agreement or the Agreement shall be construed as an attempt to sell, 
transfer, convey, assign or deliver any contract or agreement comprising any of the Transferred Agreements that is by its terms or at law non-
assignable  without  the  consent  of  the  other  party  thereto  and  as  to  which  such  consent  shall  not  have  been  given  as  of  the  date  hereof; 
provided, however, that upon the receipt by Seller of any such consent, the contract or agreement as to which any such consent relates shall, 
without any further action by Seller or Purchaser, be deemed to have been assigned by Seller to Purchaser hereunder as of the date of such 
consent or notice as the case may be. 

9.

Severability.    Any  term  or  provision  of  this  Assignment  Agreement  that  is  invalid  or  unenforceable  in  any  situation  in  any 
jurisdiction  shall  not  affect  the  validity  or  enforceability  of  the  remaining  terms  and  provisions  hereof  or  the  validity  or  enforceability  of  the 
offending term or provision in any other situation or in any other jurisdiction.  If the final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction declares 
that any term or provision hereof is invalid or unenforceable, the parties hereto agree that the court making such determination shall have the 
power to limit the term or provision, to delete specific words or phrases, or to replace any invalid or unenforceable term or provision with a 
term  or  provision  that  is  valid  and  enforceable  and  that  comes  closest  to  expressing  the  intention  of  the  invalid  or  unenforceable  term  or 
provision, and this Assignment Agreement shall be enforceable as so modified.  In the event such court does not exercise the power granted 
to it in the prior sentence, the parties hereto agree to replace such invalid or unenforceable term or provision with a valid and enforceable 
term or provision that will achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other purposes of such invalid or unenforceable term.  

[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
2

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN  WITNESS  WHEREOF,  and  intending  to  be  legally  bound  hereby,  the  parties  hereto  have  caused  this  Assignment  and 

Assumption Agreement to be executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written.

ORGANOVO, INC.

By: ____________________________
Name:
Title:

____________________________
____________________________

METACRINE, INC.

By: ____________________________
Name:
Title:

____________________________
____________________________

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT]

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT B

PATENT ASSIGNMENT

This  PATENT  ASSIGNMENT  (the  “Assignment”),  is  made  and  entered  into  as  of  March  10,  2023  by  METACRINE,  INC.,  a  Delaware 

corporation (the “Assignor”) in favor of ORGANOVO, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Assignee”).  

WHEREAS,  the Assignee  and Assignor  are  parties  to  that  certain Asset  Purchase Agreement,  dated  of  even  date  herewith  (the 
“Purchase Agreement”),  pursuant  to  which  the Assignor  has,  among  other  things,  agreed  to  assign,  transfer,  convey,  and  deliver  to  the 
Assignee all of the Assignor’s right, title, and interest in and to the Assigned Patents (defined below).

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and covenants set forth in the Purchase Agreement and for other good and 

valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.Conveyance.    The  Assignor  hereby  assigns,  transfers,  conveys,  and  delivers  to  the  Assignee  all  of  the  Assignor’s  right,  title  and 
interest in and throughout the United States of America, its territories and all foreign countries, in, to and under all of its issued patents and 
patent  applications  listed  on  Schedule  A  hereto,  including  all  reissues,  divisionals,  continuations,  continuations-in-part,  revisions, 
reexaminations,  extensions  and  counterparts  (whether  foreign  or  domestic)  claiming  priority  to  or  based  on  any  of  the  foregoing  items, 
together with all patents issuing therefrom, all inventions and improvements claimed or described in any of the foregoing, all rights to collect 
royalties,  products  and  proceeds  in  connection  with  any  of  the  foregoing  (collectively,  the  “Assigned  Patents”),  and  all  rights  to  sue  and 
bring  other  claims  for  past,  present  and  future  infringement,  misappropriation  or  other  violation  of  any  of  the  foregoing  and  all  rights  to 
recover damages (including attorney’s fees and expenses) or lost profits in connection therewith. 

2.Recordation.  The Assignor hereby requests the United States Patent and Trademark Office Commissioner for Patents and any other 
applicable governmental entity or registrar (including any applicable foreign or international office or registrar) to record the Assignee as the 
assignee and owner of the Assigned Patents.  The Assignor further authorizes the respective patent office or governmental agency in each 
other jurisdiction to issue any and all patents or certificates of invention which may be granted upon any of the Assigned Patents in the name 
of the Assignee, as the assignee to the entire interest therein, it being understood that any expense in connection with the execution of such 
recordation shall be borne by the Assignee.  

3.Information and Assistance.  

3.1 Upon the Assignee’s reasonable request and without further compensation, the Assignor shall execute, acknowledge and deliver 
all such other instruments and documents and shall take all such other actions reasonably necessary or required by law to consummate and 
make fully effective the transaction contemplated by this Assignment.

3.2 If  the Assignor  fails  to  timely  comply  with  Section  3.1  (regardless  of  fault)  and  the Assignee  is  therefore  unable  to  secure  the 
Assignor’s signature to any document required to file, prosecute, register or memorialize the assignment of any rights under any Assigned 
Patents as provided under this Assignment, the Assignor hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Assignee and the Assignee’s duly 
authorized officers and agents as the Assignor’s agents and attorneys-in-fact to act for and on the Assignor’s behalf solely for the purpose of 
taking all lawfully permitted acts to further the filing, prosecution, registration, memorialization of assignment, issuance and enforcement of 
rights  under  such Assigned  Patents,  all  with  the  same  legal  force  and  effect  as  if  executed  by  the Assignor.    The  foregoing  is  deemed  a 
power coupled with an interest and is irrevocable.

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
4.Successors and Assigns.  This Assignment and all the provisions hereof shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the 
parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and nothing herein express or implied shall give or be construed to give 
to any person, other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns, any legal or equitable rights hereunder.

5.Counterparts.    This Assignment  may  be  executed  and  delivered  (including  by  facsimile  or  electronic  transmission)  in  two  or  more 
counterparts, each of which when executed and delivered shall be deemed to be an original but all of which taken together shall constitute 
one and the same agreement.

6.Section  Headings.    The  section  headings  contained  in  this Assignment  are  for  reference  purposes  only,  and  shall  not  in  any  way 

affect the meaning or interpretation of this Assignment.

7.Purchase Agreement Controls.  This Assignment is provided pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, to which reference is made for a 
further statement of the rights and obligations of the Assignor and the Assignee with respect to the Assigned Patents.  Nothing contained in 
this Assignment shall be deemed to modify, supersede, enlarge, limit or affect the rights of any person under the Purchase Agreement.  If any 
provision of this Assignment is inconsistent or conflicts with the Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Agreement shall control.  

8.Governing Law.  THIS ASSIGNMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, 
THE  LAWS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  DELAWARE  OTHER  THAN  CONFLICT  OF  LAWS  PRINCIPLES  THEREOF  DIRECTING  THE 
APPLICATION  OF  ANY  LAW  OTHER  THAN  THAT  OF  DELAWARE.    COURTS  WITHIN  THE  STATE  OF  DELAWARE  WILL  HAVE 
JURISDICTION OVER ALL DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS ASSIGNMENT AND 
THE  AGREEMENTS,  INSTRUMENTS  AND  DOCUMENTS  CONTEMPLATED  HEREBY.    THE  PARTIES  HEREBY  CONSENT  TO  AND 
AGREE TO SUBMIT TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS.  EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO 
ASSERT IN ANY SUCH DISPUTE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY CLAIM THAT (I) SUCH PARTY IS 
NOT  PERSONALLY  SUBJECT  TO  THE  JURISDICTION  OF  SUCH  COURTS,  (II)  SUCH  PARTY  AND  SUCH  PARTY’S  PROPERTY  IS 
IMMUNE  FROM ANY  LEGAL  PROCESS  ISSUED  BY  SUCH  COURTS  OR  (III) ANY  LITIGATION  COMMENCED  IN  SUCH  COURTS  IS 
BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM.

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

[Signatures appear on next page]

 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Patent Assignment to be executed, effective as of the date first written 

above.

ASSIGNOR:

Metacrine, Inc.

By:       ________________________________
Name:  ________________________________
Title:    ________________________________

Acknowledged and Accepted:

ASSIGNEE:

Organovo, Inc.

By: ____________________________
Name:  ________________________________
Title:    ________________________________

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
STATE OF ________
CITY/COUNTY OF

)

: ss.:
)

NOTARIAL CERTIFICATE

I, 

, the undersigned Notary Public do hereby certify that ____________________________________, as 
_________________________________ of _______, a ______, who signed the foregoing Assignment document, was authorized on the 
_______ day of ____, to execute the foregoing Assignment document on behalf of _____, and to me acknowledged that he/she did sign the 
said document.

Notary Public

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
Patents

SCHEDULE A TO PATENT ASSIGNMENT

Patent No.

Issue Date

Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
705.101

US

PRO

Expired

62/219,422

48773-
705.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2016/05226
8

48773-
705.611

EP

PCT

Abandone
d

16847451.8

Filing 
Date

16-
Sep-
2015

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

48773-
705.831

US

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

15/758,709

08-Mar-
2018

10,626,081

21-Apr-2020

48773-
706.101

48773-
706.102

US

PRO

Expired

62/219,427

US

PRO

Expired

62/333,560

48773-
706.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2016/05227
4

48773-
706.611

EP

PCT

Abandone
d

16847455.9

16-
Sep-
2015

09-
May-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

06-
Sep-
2016

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
706.761

JP

PCT

Abandone
d

2018-534464

Filing 
Date

16-
Sep-
2016

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
706.831

US

PCT

Abandone
d

15/758,710

08-Mar-
2018

48773-
707.101

48773-
707.102

US

PRO

Expired

62/219,428

US

PRO

Expired

62/333,583

48773-
707.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2016/05227
5

48773-
707.611

EP

PCT

Abandone
d

16847456.7

48773-
707.761

JP

PCT

Abandone
d

2018-534465

16-
Sep-
2015

09-
May-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

48773-
707.831

US

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

15/758,712

08-Mar-
2018

10,377,717

13-Aug-2019

48773-
708.101

US

PRO

Expired

62/219,430

16-
Sep-
2015

2

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
708.301

US

CON

Issued

16/872,985

48773-
708.302

US

CON

Abandone
d

17/532,618

48773-
708.303

US

CON

To be 
Abandone
d

17/811,255

48773-
708.304

48773-
708.591

US

CON

Pending

18/156,069

EA

PCT

Granted

201890725

48773-
708.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2016/05227
0

48773-
708.611

48773-
708.681

48773-
708.691

EP

PCT

Pending

16847452.6

AU

PCT

Granted

2016323992

BR

PCT

Pending

1120180051799

Filing 
Date

12-
May-
2020

22-
Nov-
2021

07-Jul-
2022

18-Jan-
2023

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

3

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

11,214,538

04-Jan-2022

040003

08-Apr-2022

201632399
2

26-Aug-2021

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
708.701

48773-
708.711

48773-
708.731

48773-
708.741

48773-
708.761

48773-
708.771

48773-
708.781

48773-
708.801

CA

PCT

Pending

2,998,493

CN

PCT

Granted

201680066917.9

IL

PCT

Pending

258011

IN

PCT

Granted

201817010231

JP

PCT

Granted

2018-534463

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2018-7009912

MX

PCT

Granted

MX/a/2018/003388

PH

PCT

Pending

1-2018-500586

48773-
708.821

SG

PCT

Abandone
d

11201802162U

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

4

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

ZL2016800
66917.9

28-Dec-2021

380510

28-Oct-2021

6905530

29-Jun-2021

386752

01-Oct-2021

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
708.821
1

48773-
708.831

48773-
708.841

48773-
708.891

48773-
710.101

SG

DIV

Pending

10202110242Y

US

PCT

Issued

15/758,707

ZA

PCT

Granted

2018/01750

HK

REP

Pending

19100126.6

US

PRO

Expired

62/471,502

Filing 
Date

16-
Sep-
2016

08-Mar-
2018

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

15-Mar-
2017

48773-
710.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02249
0

14-Mar-
2018

48773-
710.831

US

PCT

Abandone
d

16/494,257

48773-
712.101

48773-
712.102

US

PRO

Expired

62/471,511

US

PRO

Expired

62/563,488

13-
Sep-
2019

15-Mar-
2017

26-
Sep-
2017

5

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

10,703,712

07-Jul-2020

2018/01750

28-Sep-2022

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
712.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02248
8

14-Mar-
2018

48773-
712.831

US

PCT

Abandone
d

16/494,259

48773-
713.101

48773-
713.102

48773-
713.301

US

PRO

Expired

62/471,517

US

PRO

Expired

62/563,497

US

CON

Issued

16/886,642

13-
Sep-
2019

15-Mar-
2017

26-
Sep-
2017

28-
May-
2020

48773-
713.302

US

CON

Abandone
d

17/152,548

19-Jan-
2021

48773-
713.303

US

CON

To be 
Abandone
d

17/837,586

10-Jun-
2022

48773-
713.304

US

CON

Pending

18/154,421

13-Jan-
2023

48773-
713.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02248
9

14-Mar-
2018

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

6

10,927,082

23-Feb-2021

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
713.611

48773-
713.701

48773-
713.711

48773-
713.731

48773-
713.741

48773-
713.761

48773-
713.831

48773-
713.851

48773-
713.871

EP

PCT

Pending

18767094.8

CA

PCT

Pending

3,055,990

CN

PCT

Pending

201880032220.9

IL

PCT

Granted

269068

IN

PCT

Pending

201917039803

JP

PCT

Granted

2019-547662

US

PCT

Issued

16/494,264

TW

ORD

Pending

107108918

AR

ORD

Pending

20180100608

Filing 
Date

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

15-
Nov-
2019

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

13-
Sep-
2019

15-Mar-
2018

15-Mar-
2018

7

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

269068

02-Dec-2022

7174709

09-Nov-2022

10,961,198

30-Mar-2021

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
713.891

48773-
714.101

48773-
714.102

HK

RCN

Pending

62020009477.4

US

PRO

Expired

62/471,525

US

PRO

Expired

62/563,502

Filing 
Date

15-
Nov-
2019

15-Mar-
2017

26-
Sep-
2017

48773-
714.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02249
7

14-Mar-
2018

48773-
714.831

US

PCT

Abandone
d

16/494,266

48773-
718.301

US

CON

Abandone
d

17/538,394

48773-
718.302

48773-
718.591

US

CON

Pending

17/811,276

EA

PCT

Granted

201992051

13-
Sep-
2019

30-
Nov-
2021

07-Jul-
2022

14-Mar-
2018

48773-
718.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02251
3

14-Mar-
2018

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

8

Patent No.

Issue Date

040704

19-Jul-2022

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

EP

PCT

Pending

18768017.8

Patent No.

Issue Date

Filing 
Date

14-Mar-
2018

48773-
718.611

48773-
718.681

48773-
718.691

48773-
718.701

48773-
718.711

48773-
718.731

48773-
718.741

48773-
718.761

48773-
718.771

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

AU

PCT

Granted

2018236275

14-Mar-
2018

201823627
5

25-Aug-2022

BR

PCT

Pending

1120190191542

CA

PCT

Pending

3,056,019

CN

PCT

Pending

201880032548.0

IL

PCT

Granted

269065

IN

PCT

Pending

201917041302

JP

PCT

Pending

2019-547663

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2019-7030348

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

9

269065

02-Dec-2022

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
718.781

48773-
718.801

48773-
718.821

48773-
718.831

48773-
718.841

48773-
718.891

48773-
722.101

MX

PCT

Granted

MX/a/2019/010907

PH

PCT

Pending

1-2019-502058

SG

PCT

Pending

11201908330P

US

PCT

Issued

16/494,272

ZA

PCT

Pending

2019/05927

HK

RCN

Pending

62020009491.5

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,000

48773-
722.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
8

48773-
724.101

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,004

Filing 
Date

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

13-
Sep-
2019

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

18-
Sep-
2018

17-
Sep-
2019

18-
Sep-
2018

10

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

397265

08-Nov-2022

11,236,071

01-Feb-2022

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
724.102

US

PRO

Expired

62/881,564

48773-
724.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
7

48773-
724.611

EP

PCT

Pending

19863242.4

48773-
724.711

CN

PCT

48773-
724.731

IL

PCT

48773-
724.741

IN

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

201980076038.8

281474

202117011912

48773-
724.761

JP

PCT

Abandone
d

2021-513408

01-
Aug-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

48773-
724.831

US

PCT

Abandone
d

17/276,785

16-Mar-
2021

48773-
725.101

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,006

18-
Sep-
2018

11

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND METHODS 
FOR 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
725.102

US

PRO

Expired

62/881,570

48773-
725.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
6

48773-
726.101

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,007

48773-
726.471

KW

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

KW/P/2021/83

48773-
726.591

EA

PCT

Abandone
d

202190663

48773-
726.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
5

48773-
726.611

EP

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

19863702.7

01-
Aug-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

18-
Sep-
2018

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

12

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Application 
Title

MAKING AND 
USING
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

48773-
726.681

AU

PCT

48773-
726.691

BR

PCT

48773-
726.701

CA

PCT

48773-
726.711

CN

PCT

48773-
726.731

IL

PCT

48773-
726.741

IN

PCT

48773-
726.761

JP

PCT

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

2019344905

1120210049312

3,112,485

201980075901.8

281464

202117011911

2021-513445

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

13

Application 
Title

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Patent No.

Issue Date

Filing 
Date

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
726.771

KR

PCT

Abandone
d

10-2021-7010822

48773-
726.781

MX

PCT

48773-
726.821

SG

PCT

48773-
726.831

US

PCT

48773-
726.881

CL

PCT

48773-
726.891

48773-
726.973
1

HK

REP

SA

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

MX/a/2021/003083

11202102586R

17/276,763

16-Mar-
2021

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

202100631

62021037191.5

521421491

14

Application 
Title

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
726.975
1

48773-
726.987

48773-
727.101

AE

PCT

QA

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

P6000380/2021

QA/202103/000140

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,008

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

18-
Sep-
2018

48773-
727.301

US

CON

48773-
727.591

EA

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

17/836,905

09-Jun-
2022

202190661

48773-
727.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
4

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

15

Application 
Title

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

48773-
727.611

EP

PCT

48773-
727.681

AU

PCT

48773-
727.701

CA

PCT

48773-
727.711

CN

PCT

48773-
727.761

JP

PCT

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

19861794.6

2019344904

3,112,414

201980076039.2

2021-513457

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

48773-
727.831

US

PCT

Abandone
d

17/276,766

16-Mar-
2021

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

16

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

11,084,817

10-Aug-2021

48773-
727.891

HK

REP

To be 
Abandone
d

62021037190.7

48773-
731.101

48773-
731.201

48773-
731.301

48773-
731.471

48773-
731.591

US

PRO

Expired

62/881,560

US

ORD

Issued

16/573,993

US

CON

Pending

17/349,757

KW

PCT

Pending

KW/P/2021/81

EA

PCT

Pending

202190660

48773-
731.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
3

48773-
731.611

EP

PCT

Pending

19862391.0

17-
Sep-
2019

01-
Aug-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

16-Jun-
2021

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
731.681

48773-
731.691

48773-
731.701

48773-
731.711

48773-
731.731

48773-
731.741

48773-
731.761

48773-
731.771

48773-
731.781

AU

PCT

Pending

2019344903

BR

PCT

Pending

112021004919 3

CA

PCT

Pending

3,112,411

CN

PCT

Pending

201980075902.2

IL

PCT

Pending

281475

IN

PCT

Pending

202117011574

JP

PCT

Pending

2021-513407

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2021-7011359

MX

PCT

Pending

MX/a/2021/003110

18

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
731.801

48773-
731.821

48773-
731.841

48773-
731.851

48773-
731.871

48773-
731.881

48773-
731.891

48773-
731.973
1

48773-
731.975
1

PH

PCT

Pending

1-2021-550605

SG

PCT

Pending

11202102651S

ZA

PCT

Pending

2021/01678

TW

ORD

Pending

108133441

AR

ORD

Pending

P190102639

CL

PCT

Pending

202100632

HK

REP

Pending

62021037189.9

SA

PCT

Pending

521421486

AE

PCT

Pending

P6000381/2021

19

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
731.987

48773-
732.101

QA

PCT

Pending

QA/202103/000141

US

PRO

Expired

62/881,576

48773-
732.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
2

48773-
732.611

EP

PCT

48773-
732.711

CN

PCT

48773-
732.731

IL

PCT

48773-
732.741

IN

PCT

48773-
732.761

JP

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

19863701.9

201980075910.7

281471

202117011577

2021-513406

17-
Sep-
2019

01-
Aug-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

48773-
732.831

US

PCT

Abandone
d

17/276,787

16-Mar-
2021

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

20

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
AND USES 
THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
734.101

48773-
734.102

48773-
734.103

48773-
734.591

US

PRO

Expired

62/991,292

US

PRO

Expired

63/069,667

US

PRO

Expired

63/140,735

EA

PCT

Pending

202292638

Filing 
Date

18-Mar-
2020

24-
Aug-
2020

22-Jan-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

48773-
734.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2021/02278
6

17-Mar-
2021

48773-
734.611

EP

PCT

Pending

21772019.2

17-Mar-
2021

21

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
734.681

48773-
734.691

48773-
734.701

48773-
734.711

48773-
734.731

48773-
734.761

AU

PCT

Pending

2021240001

BR

PCT

Pending

1120220186517

CA

PCT

Pending

3,172,205

CN

PCT

Pending

202180036461.2

IL

PCT

Pending

296539

JP

PCT

Pending

2022-555913

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

22

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
734.771

48773-
734.781

48773-
734.821

48773-
734.831

48773-
734.851

48773-
735.101

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2022-7036071

MX

PCT

Pending

MX/a/2022/011579

SG

PCT

Pending

11202253216J

US

PCT

Pending

17/906,580

TW

ORD

Pending

110109622

US

PRO

Expired

62/991,213

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

16-
Sep-
2022

17-Mar-
2021

18-Mar-
2020

23

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
735.591

EA

PCT

Pending

202292639

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
735.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2021/02279
0

17-Mar-
2021

48773-
735.611

48773-
735.681

48773-
735.691

48773-
735.701

48773-
735.711

EP

PCT

Pending

21770893.2

AU

PCT

Pending

2021236648

BR

PCT

Pending

1120220185960

CA

PCT

Pending

3,171,987

CN

PCT

Pending

202180036362.4

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

24

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Application 
Title

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
735.731

48773-
735.741

48773-
735.761

48773-
735.771

48773-
735.781

48773-
735.821

48773-
735.831

IL

PCT

Pending

296532

IN

PCT

Pending

202217055966

JP

PCT

Pending

2022-555915

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2022-7036019

MX

PCT

Pending

MX/a/2022/011582

SG

PCT

Pending

11202253217Y

US

PCT

Pending

17/906,582

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

16-
Sep-
2022

25

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

Application 
Title

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
735.851

48773-
735.871

48773-
736.101

TW

ORD

Pending

110109624

AR

ORD

Pending

P210100667

US

PRO

Expired

62/991,216

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

18-Mar-
2020

48773-
736.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2021/02279
3

17-Mar-
2021

48773-
736.611

48773-
736.681

48773-
736.691

EP

PCT

Pending

21718306.0

AU

PCT

Pending

2021239956

BR

PCT

Pending

1120220185537

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

26

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

Application 
Title

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
736.711

48773-
736.761

48773-
736.771

48773-
736.831

48773-
736.851

48773-
736.871

48773-
738.101

CN

PCT

Pending

202180036385.5

JP

PCT

Pending

2022-555914

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2022-7036023

US

PCT

Pending

17/906,585

TW

ORD

Pending

110109623

AR

ORD

Pending

P210100668

US

PRO

Expired

62/991,301

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

16-
Sep-
2022

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

18-Mar-
2020

27

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue Date

Application 
Title

FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FORMULATION
S OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONIST
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Countr
y

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
738.102

US

PRO

Expired

63/032,851

Filing 
Date

01-Jun-
2020

Patent No.

Issue Date

48773-
738.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2021/02278
8

17-Mar-
2021

48773-
738.851

TW

ORD

To be 
Abandone
d

110109630

17-Mar-
2021

EXHIBIT C

Allocation of Purchase Price

Application 
Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS 
FOR THE 
TREATMENT 
OF DISEASE

The  Purchase  Price  (along  with  other  items  of  consideration  for  United  States  federal  income  Tax  purposes)  and  any  adjustment  thereto 
(each as determined pursuant to Section 1060 of the Code) will be allocated for income Tax purposes (including for purposes of Section 1060 
of  the  Code)  among  the  Purchased  Assets  and  the  covenants  of  Seller  in  accordance  with  the  residual  method  set  forth  in  Treasury 
Regulations  Section  1.1060-1(c)  based  upon  the  following  methodology  for  determining  the  fair  market  value  of  the  Purchased  Assets 
included in each of the classes of assets set forth in Treasury Regulations Section 1.338-6. 

Asset Class

Allocation Methodology

Class IV
Class VI

The aggregate cost of the Inventory.
Remainder.

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A. Patents

SCHEDULE I

PROGRAM PATENTS 

Docket 
no.

48773-
705.101

48773-
705.601

48773-
705.611

48773-
705.831

48773-
706.101

48773-
706.102

48773-
706.601

48773-
706.611

48773-
706.761

48773-
706.831

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

US

PRO

Expired

62/219,422

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2016/05226
8

EP

PCT

Abandone
d

16847451.8

16-
Sep-
2015

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

US

PCT

Issued

15/758,709

08-Mar-
2018

10,626,081

21-Apr-
2020

US

PRO

Expired

62/219,427

US

PRO

Expired

62/333,560

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2016/05227
4

EP

PCT

Abandone
d

16847455.9

JP

PCT

Abandone
d

2018-534464

16-
Sep-
2015

09-
May-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

06-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

US

PCT

Abandone
d

15/758,710

08-Mar-
2018

29

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
707.101

48773-
707.102

48773-
707.601

48773-
707.611

48773-
707.761

48773-
707.831

48773-
708.101

48773-
708.301

48773-
708.302

48773-
708.303

48773-
708.304

48773-
708.591

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

US

PRO

Expired

62/219,428

US

PRO

Expired

62/333,583

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2016/05227
5

EP

PCT

Abandone
d

16847456.7

JP

PCT

Abandone
d

2018-534465

16-
Sep-
2015

09-
May-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

US

PCT

Issued

15/758,712

08-Mar-
2018

10,377,717

US

PRO

Expired

62/219,430

US

CON

Issued

16/872,985

US

CON

US

CON

Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

17/532,618

17/811,255

US

CON

Pending

18/156,069

EA

PCT

Granted

201890725

16-
Sep-
2015

12-
May-
2020

22-
Nov-
2021

07-Jul-
2022

18-Jan-
2023

16-
Sep-
2016

30

13-
Aug-
2019

04-
Jan-
2022

11,214,538

040003

08-Apr-
2022

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
708.601

48773-
708.611

48773-
708.681

48773-
708.691

48773-
708.701

48773-
708.711

48773-
708.731

48773-
708.741

48773-
708.761

48773-
708.771

48773-
708.781

48773-
708.801

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2016/05227
0

EP

PCT

Pending

16847452.6

AU

PCT

Granted

2016323992

BR

PCT

Pending

1120180051799

CA

PCT

Pending

2,998,493

CN

PCT

Granted

201680066917.9

IL

PCT

Pending

258011

IN

PCT

Granted

201817010231

JP

PCT

Granted

2018-534463

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2018-7009912

MX

PCT

Granted

MX/a/2018/003388

PH

PCT

Allowed

1-2018-500586

31

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

2016323992

26-
Aug-
2021

ZL201680066917.
9

28-
Dec-
2021

380510

6905530

28-Oct-
2021

29-
Jun-
2021

386752

01-Oct-
2021

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

SG

PCT

Abandone
d

11201802162U

SG

DIV

Pending

10202110242Y

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Filing 
Date

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

07-Jul-
2020

28-
Sep-
2022

US

PCT

Issued

15/758,707

08-Mar-
2018

10,703,712

2018/01750

ZA

PCT

Granted

2018/01750

HK

REP

Pending

19100126.6

US

PRO

Expired

62/471,502

16-
Sep-
2016

16-
Sep-
2016

15-Mar-
2017

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02249
0

14-Mar-
2018

US

PCT

Abandone
d

16/494,257

US

PRO

Expired

62/471,511

US

PRO

Expired

62/563,488

13-
Sep-
2019

15-Mar-
2017

26-
Sep-
2017

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02248
8

14-Mar-
2018

US

PCT

Abandone
d

16/494,259

13-
Sep-
2019

32

48773-
708.821

48773-
708.821
1

48773-
708.831

48773-
708.841

48773-
708.891

48773-
710.101

48773-
710.601

48773-
710.831

48773-
712.101

48773-
712.102

48773-
712.601

48773-
712.831

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
713.101

48773-
713.102

48773-
713.301

48773-
713.302

48773-
713.303

48773-
713.304

48773-
713.601

48773-
713.611

48773-
713.701

48773-
713.711

48773-
713.731

48773-
713.741

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

US

PRO

Expired

62/471,517

US

PRO

Expired

62/563,497

US

CON

Issued

16/886,642

US

CON

US

CON

Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

17/152,548

17/837,586

US

CON

Pending

18/154,421

Filing 
Date

15-Mar-
2017

26-
Sep-
2017

28-
May-
2020

19-Jan-
2021

10-Jun-
2022

13-Jan-
2023

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02248
9

14-Mar-
2018

EP

PCT

Pending

18767094.8

CA

PCT

Pending

3,055,990

CN

PCT

Pending

201880032220.9

IL

PCT

Granted

269068

IN

PCT

Pending

201917039803

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

15-
Nov-
2019

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

33

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

10,927,082

23-
Feb-
2021

269068

02-
Dec-
2022

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
713.761

48773-
713.831

48773-
713.851

48773-
713.871

48773-
713.891

48773-
714.101

48773-
714.102

48773-
714.601

48773-
714.831

48773-
718.301

48773-
718.302

48773-
718.591

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

JP

PCT

Granted

2019-547662

US

PCT

Issued

16/494,264

TW

ORD

Pending

107108918

AR

ORD

Pending

20180100608

HK

RCN

Pending

62020009477.4

US

PRO

Expired

62/471,525

US

PRO

Expired

62/563,502

Filing 
Date

14-Mar-
2018

13-
Sep-
2019

15-Mar-
2018

15-Mar-
2018

15-
Nov-
2019

15-Mar-
2017

26-
Sep-
2017

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02249
7

14-Mar-
2018

US

PCT

Abandone
d

16/494,266

US

CON

Pending

17/538,394

US

CON

Pending

17/811,276

EA

PCT

Granted

201992051

13-
Sep-
2019

30-
Nov-
2021

07-Jul-
2022

14-Mar-
2018

34

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

7174709

10,961,198

Issue 
Date

09-
Nov-
2022

30-
Mar-
2021

040704

19-Jul-
2022

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
718.601

48773-
718.611

48773-
718.681

48773-
718.691

48773-
718.701

48773-
718.711

48773-
718.731

48773-
718.741

48773-
718.761

48773-
718.771

48773-
718.781

48773-
718.801

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2018/02251
3

14-Mar-
2018

EP

PCT

Pending

18768017.8

AU

PCT

Granted

2018236275

BR

PCT

Pending

1120190191542

CA

PCT

Pending

3,056,019

CN

PCT

Pending

201880032548.0

IL

PCT

Granted

269065

IN

PCT

Pending

201917041302

JP

PCT

Pending

2019-547663

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2019-7030348

MX

PCT

Granted

MX/a/2019/010907

PH

PCT

Pending

1-2019-502058

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

35

2018236275

25-
Aug-
2022

269065

02-
Dec-
2022

397265

08-
Nov-
2022

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
718.821

48773-
718.831

48773-
718.841

48773-
718.891

48773-
722.101

48773-
722.601

48773-
724.101

48773-
724.102

48773-
724.601

48773-
724.611

48773-
724.711

48773-
724.731

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

SG

PCT

Pending

11201908330P

US

PCT

Issued

16/494,272

ZA

PCT

Pending

2019/05927

HK

RCN

Pending

62020009491.5

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,000

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
8

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,004

US

PRO

Expired

62/881,564

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
7

EP

PCT

Pending

19863242.4

CN

PCT

IL

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

201980076038.8

281474

36

Filing 
Date

14-Mar-
2018

13-
Sep-
2019

14-Mar-
2018

14-Mar-
2018

18-
Sep-
2018

17-
Sep-
2019

18-
Sep-
2018

01-
Aug-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

11,236,071

01-
Feb-
2022

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
724.741

Country

Cas
e 
Type

IN

PCT

JP

PCT

Status

Application No.

To be 
Abandone
d

Abandone
d

202117011912

2021-513408

Filing 
Date

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

48773-
724.761

48773-
724.831

48773-
725.101

48773-
725.102

48773-
725.601

48773-
726.101

48773-
726.471

48773-
726.591

48773-
726.601

48773-
726.611

US

PCT

Abandone
d

17/276,785

16-Mar-
2021

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,006

US

PRO

Expired

62/881,570

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
6

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,007

KW

PCT

EA

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

Abandone
d

KW/P/2021/83

202190663

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
5

EP

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

19863702.7

37

18-
Sep-
2018

01-
Aug-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

18-
Sep-
2018

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
METHODS FOR 
MAKING AND USING
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

Docket 
no.

48773-
726.681

Country

Cas
e 
Type

AU

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

2019344905

1120210049312

3,112,485

201980075901.8

281464

202117011911

2021-513445

10-2021-7010822

MX/a/2021/003083

11202102586R

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

BR

PCT

CA

PCT

CN

PCT

IL

PCT

IN

PCT

JP

PCT

KR

PCT

MX

PCT

SG

PCT

US

PCT

Pending

17/276,763

CL

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

202100631

16-Mar-
2021

17-
Sep-
2019

38

48773-
726.691

48773-
726.701

48773-
726.711

48773-
726.731

48773-
726.741

48773-
726.761

48773-
726.771

48773-
726.781

48773-
726.821

48773-
726.831

48773-
726.881

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

48773-
726.891

48773-
726.973
1

48773-
726.975
1

48773-
726.987

48773-
727.101

HK

REP

SA

PCT

AE

PCT

QA

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

62021037191.5

521421491

P6000380/2021

QA/202103/000140

US

PRO

Expired

62/733,008

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

18-
Sep-
2018

48773-
727.301

US

CON

48773-
727.591

EA

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

17/836,905

09-Jun-
2022

202190661

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

48773-
727.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
4

48773-
727.611

EP

PCT

48773-
727.681

AU

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

19861794.6

2019344904

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

39

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

Docket 
no.

Country

Cas
e 
Type

48773-
727.701

CA

PCT

48773-
727.711

CN

PCT

48773-
727.761

JP

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

3,112,414

201980076039.2

2021-513457

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

48773-
727.831

US

PCT

Abandone
d

17/276,766

16-Mar-
2021

48773-
727.891

48773-
731.101

48773-
731.201

48773-
731.301

48773-
731.471

48773-
731.591

HK

REP

To be 
Abandone
d

62021037190.7

US

PRO

Expired

62/881,560

US

ORD

Issued

16/573,993

US

CON

Pending

17/349,757

KW

PCT

Pending

KW/P/2021/81

EA

PCT

Pending

202190660

17-
Sep-
2019

01-
Aug-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

16-Jun-
2021

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

40

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

11,084,817

10-
Aug-
2021

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
731.601

48773-
731.611

48773-
731.681

48773-
731.691

48773-
731.701

48773-
731.711

48773-
731.731

48773-
731.741

48773-
731.761

48773-
731.771

48773-
731.781

48773-
731.801

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
3

EP

PCT

Pending

19862391.0

AU

PCT

Pending

2019344903

BR

PCT

Pending

112021004919 3

CA

PCT

Pending

3,112,411

CN

PCT

Pending

201980075902.2

IL

PCT

Pending

281475

IN

PCT

Pending

202117011574

JP

PCT

Pending

2021-513407

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2021-7011359

MX

PCT

Pending

MX/a/2021/003110

PH

PCT

Pending

1-2021-550605

41

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
731.821

48773-
731.841

48773-
731.851

48773-
731.871

48773-
731.881

48773-
731.891

48773-
731.973
1

48773-
731.975
1

48773-
731.987

48773-
732.101

48773-
732.601

48773-
732.611

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

SG

PCT

Pending

11202102651S

ZA

PCT

Pending

2021/01678

TW

ORD

Pending

108133441

AR

ORD

Pending

P190102639

CL

PCT

Pending

202100632

HK

REP

Pending

62021037189.9

SA

PCT

Pending

521421486

AE

PCT

Pending

P6000381/2021

QA

PCT

Pending

QA/202103/000141

US

PRO

Expired

62/881,576

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2019/05160
2

EP

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

19863701.9

42

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

01-
Aug-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

Filing 
Date

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

Docket 
no.

48773-
732.711

48773-
732.731

48773-
732.741

48773-
732.761

48773-
732.831

48773-
734.101

48773-
734.102

48773-
734.103

48773-
734.591

CN

PCT

Pending

201980075910.7

IL

PCT

IN

PCT

JP

PCT

US

PCT

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

To be 
Abandone
d

Abandone
d

281471

202117011577

2021-513406

17/276,787

US

PRO

Expired

62/991,292

US

PRO

Expired

63/069,667

US

PRO

Expired

63/140,735

EA

PCT

Pending

202292638

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

17-
Sep-
2019

16-Mar-
2021

18-Mar-
2020

24-
Aug-
2020

22-Jan-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

48773-
734.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2021/02278
6

17-Mar-
2021

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

43

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS AND 
USES THEREOF
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
734.611

48773-
734.681

48773-
734.691

48773-
734.701

48773-
734.711

48773-
734.731

48773-
734.761

48773-
734.771

48773-
734.781

EP

PCT

Pending

21772019.2

AU

PCT

Pending

2021240001

BR

PCT

Pending

1120220186517

CA

PCT

Pending

3,172,205

CN

PCT

Pending

202180036461.2

IL

PCT

Pending

296539

JP

PCT

Pending

2022-555913

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2022-7036071

MX

PCT

Pending

MX/a/2022/011579

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

44

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

SG

PCT

Pending

11202253216J

US

PCT

Pending

17/906,580

TW

ORD

Pending

110109622

US

PRO

Expired

62/991,213

EA

PCT

Pending

202292639

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

16-
Sep-
2022

17-Mar-
2021

18-Mar-
2020

17-Mar-
2021

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2021/02279
0

17-Mar-
2021

EP

PCT

Pending

21770893.2

AU

PCT

Pending

2021236648

BR

PCT

Pending

1120220185960

CA

PCT

Pending

3,171,987

CN

PCT

Pending

202180036362.4

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

45

48773-
734.821

48773-
734.831

48773-
734.851

48773-
735.101

48773-
735.591

48773-
735.601

48773-
735.611

48773-
735.681

48773-
735.691

48773-
735.701

48773-
735.711

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

48773-
735.731

48773-
735.741

48773-
735.761

48773-
735.771

48773-
735.781

48773-
735.821

48773-
735.831

48773-
735.851

48773-
735.871

48773-
736.101

48773-
736.601

48773-
736.611

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

IL

PCT

Pending

296532

IN

PCT

Pending

202217055966

JP

PCT

Pending

2022-555915

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2022-7036019

MX

PCT

Pending

MX/a/2022/011582

SG

PCT

Pending

11202253217Y

US

PCT

Pending

17/906,582

TW

ORD

Pending

110109624

AR

ORD

Pending

P210100667

US

PRO

Expired

62/991,216

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

16-
Sep-
2022

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

18-Mar-
2020

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2021/02279
3

17-Mar-
2021

EP

PCT

Pending

21718306.0

17-Mar-
2021

46

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
CRYSTALLINE 
FORMS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
736.681

48773-
736.691

48773-
736.711

48773-
736.761

48773-
736.771

48773-
736.831

48773-
736.851

48773-
736.871

48773-
738.101

48773-
738.102

AU

PCT

Pending

2021239956

BR

PCT

Pending

1120220185537

CN

PCT

Pending

202180036385.5

JP

PCT

Pending

2022-555914

KR

PCT

Pending

10-2022-7036023

US

PCT

Pending

17/906,585

TW

ORD

Pending

110109623

AR

ORD

Pending

P210100668

US

PRO

Expired

62/991,301

US

PRO

Expired

63/032,851

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

16-
Sep-
2022

17-Mar-
2021

17-Mar-
2021

18-Mar-
2020

01-Jun-
2020

48773-
738.601

WO

ORD

30 Mo 
Done

PCT/US2021/02278
8

17-Mar-
2021

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

47

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FORMULATIONS OF A 
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR AGONIST
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE
FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Docket 
no.

Country

Cas
e 
Type

Status

Application No.

48773-
738.851

TW

ORD

To be 
Abandone
d

110109630

Filing 
Date

17-Mar-
2021

Patent No.

Issue 
Date

Application Title

FARNESOID X 
RECEPTOR 
AGONISTS FOR THE 
TREATMENT OF 
DISEASE

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SCHEDULE II

TRANSFERRED AGREEMENTS

1.
Amended and Restated Exclusive FXR License Agreement, dated November 10, 2016, by and between The Salk Institute for Biological 
Studies and Metacrine, Inc., as amended by that certain First Amendment to License Agreement ID 2017-0184, dated February 4, 2017 and 
that certain Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Exclusive FXR License Agreement, dated July 25, 2018 (the “FXR Agreement”).

2. Master Services Agreement, dated October 23, 2017, by and between Hovione Limited and Metacrine, Inc., including Work Order #10 
dated  July  25,  2019,  Work  Order  #15  dated  July  22,  2020,  Work  Order  #18  dated  January  7,  2021,  and  change  order  #1  thereto  dated 
January 21, 2022, and Work Order #20 dated July 20, 2021 thereto. 

3.  Master  Services  Agreement,  dated  June  4,  2018,  by  and  between  Fisher  Clinical  Services,  Inc.  and  Metacrine,  Inc.,  including 
Executable Quote dated November 17, 2021 and Executable Quote dated February 28, 2022. 

4.  Master Services Agreement, dated April 1, 2019, by and between Solvias AG and Metacrine, Inc., including Quotes N22-12482, N22-
12483, N22-12485, and N22-12486 dated June 28, 2022, and Quote N18-14834, dated January 19, 2019, by and between Solvias AG and 
Metacrine, Inc., as amended by Changed Order AB18-14834 dated May 9, 2019. 

6. Master  Services  Agreement,  dated  July  28,  2017,  by  and  between  Johnson  Matthey  Pharmaceutical  Materials,  Inc  d/b/a  Johnson 
Matthey Pharma Services and Metacrine, Inc., including Manufacturing Proposal Number 202004-21121 Rev 2 dated September 29, 2020 
and Change Order #01 thereto dated May 10, 2021. 

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
MET409 API

SCHEDULE III

INVENTORY

MET409 API Package Allotments

MET409 SDI

MET409 Tablets

Product

Description

Lot #

Date of 
Mfg

Expiry

50 mg 
Tablet

PBO Tablet 
(match 30-
80mg 
active)

White, round, 
uncoated

White, round, 
uncoated

20MC0111.HQ00001

20MC0112.HQ00001

Nov 
2021

Nov 
2021

12 months – 
Nov 2022

30 months – 
May 2025

# bottles (# 
tabs per 
bottle)

629 (31-ct)

599 (31-ct)

Location

Fisher Clinical 
Services

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

2

 
 
 
 
 
MET642 RSMs, API & SDI

Material

Lot #

Date of Mfg

Expiry Date

Quantity (kg)

Location

Compound 1

0720038

June 2020

Compound 9

0720018
07200004

April 2020
Feb 2020

BB5

BB51

SOL22425-06

CR-19-06229
SOL22439-125

Nov 2019
Sept 2020

Sept 2026
(Retested Sept-
2022)

Retest if needed

Retest if needed

Retest if needed

TBS Acid

JM Yantai Lot 0719028

March 2019

Retest if needed

MET642 API

CR-20-04211

June 2020

June 2024

MET642 SDI

19MC5301.HQ00003

Nov 2021

Nov 2023

49.2

JM Yantai China

11.3
2 x 3.14
17.5

0.5

5.7
22.5
28.2

14.4

2.0

2.0

Solvias

Solvias

Solvias

Solvias

Hovione

Hovione

MET642 SDI

80MC5302.HQ00004
(Repeat NHP tox)

June 2022

June 2024

821 g             
(non-GMP)

CR – Reno, NV

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MET642 Tablets (28-count bottles)

Product

Description

Lot #

Date of 
Mfg

Current 
Expiry

Max 
Expiry

# 
bottle
s (# 
tabs 
per 
bottle)

1,240

Location

Fisher Clinical 
Services

PBO Tablet 
(match 3, 5 and 
6 mg)

5 mg Tablet

5 mg Tablet

1 mg Tablet

PBO Tablet 
(match 1 mg)

White, 
round, 
uncoated

White, 
round, 
uncoated

White, 
round, 
uncoated

Blue, round, 
coated

Blue, round, 
coated

MET642 Tablets (31 count bottles)

20MC5401.HQ00001

Sept 2019

Sept 2022

Sept 2023 
(48 Mo)

20MC5403.HQ00002

Oct 2019

Oct 2022

Oct 2023 
(48 Mo)

31

20MC5403.HQ00003

May 2020

May 2023

20MC5408.HQ00001

May 2020

May 2023

20MC5407.HQ00001

Oct 2020

Oct 2023

May 2024 
(48 Mo)

May 2024 
(48 Mo)

Oct 2025
(60 Mo)

3,665

1,941

2,593

Product

Description

Lot #

Date of Mfg

Current 
Expiry Date

Max 
Expiry

# 
bottles

Location

PBO Tablet 
(match 3, 5 and 
6 mg)

3 mg Tablet

6 mg Tablet

3 mg Tablet

6 mg Tablet

White, 
round, 
uncoated

White, 
round, 
uncoated

White, 
round, 
uncoated

White, 
round, 
uncoated

White, 
round, 
uncoated

20MC5409.HQ0000
1

Sept 2021

Sept 2024

Sept 2026 
(60 Mo)

1,303 
3,999 

PPD-Ireland*
Fisher Clinical

20MC5410.HQ0000
1

May 2020

May 2023

20MC5411.HQ00001

May 2020

May 2023

20MC5410.HQ0000
2

Nov 2021

Nov 2024

20MC5411.HQ00002

Nov 2021

Nov 2024

May 2024
(48 Mo)

May 2024
(48 Mo)

Nov 2026 
(60 Mo)

Nov 2026
(60 Mo)

1,235

PPD Ireland*

1,247 

PPD Ireland*

Fisher Clinical 
Service

3,167

3,406

* to be destroyed – will not be transferred under this agreement

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SCHEDULE 3.5(i)
GOVERNMENT FUNDING

Reference is made to the FXR Agreement.

LEGAL_US_W # 115308022.7

 
 
 
Subsidiaries of Organovo Holdings, Inc.

Exhibit 21.1 

I.

Organovo, Inc., a Delaware corporation 

II. Opal Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation

 
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Exhibit 23.1 

We  consent  to  the  incorporation  by  reference  in  Registration  Statements  Nos.  333-268001,  333-260910,  333-254714,  333-226839,  333-226837,  333-
217437,  333-213345,  333-209395,  333-192248  and  333-181324  on  Form  S-8  and  Registration  Statements  No.  333-252224  on  Form  S-3,  of  our  report 
dated July 13, 2023, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Organovo Holdings, Inc. as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, and for each of the two 
years in the period ended March 31, 2023, included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023.

/s/ Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.

San Diego, California
July 13, 2023

 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 31.1 

I, Keith Murphy, Executive Chairman of Organovo Holdings, Inc., certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Organovo Holdings, Inc.; 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the 
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for 
the registrant and have: 

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to 
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those 
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our 
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent 
fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially 
affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the 
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably 
likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control 
over financial reporting. 

Dated: July 13, 2023

  /s/ Keith Murphy
  Keith Murphy
  Executive Chairman

 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 31.2 

I, Thomas Hess, Chief Financial Officer of Organovo Holdings, Inc., certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Organovo Holdings, Inc.; 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the 
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for 
the registrant and have: 

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to 
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those 
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our 
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent 
fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially 
affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the 
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably 
likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control 
over financial reporting. 

Dated: July 13, 2023 

  /s/ Thomas Hess
  Thomas Hess
  Chief
  (Principal

 Financial Officer

 Financial Officer)

 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

Exhibit 32.1 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Organovo Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended March 31, 2023, as filed with 
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Keith Murphy, Executive Chairman of the Company, and Thomas Hess, Chief Financial Officer 
of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 

•

•

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 

The information in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. 

Date: July 13, 2023

/s/ Keith Murphy 
Keith Murphy
Executive Chairman (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Thomas Hess
Thomas Hess
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Organovo Holdings, Inc. and will be retained by Organovo 

Holdings, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. 

This certification accompanies the Form 10-K to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and is not to be 
incorporated by reference into any filing of Organovo Holdings, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 
as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.