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OTAQ

otaq · LSE Technology
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FY2023 Annual Report · OTAQ
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Company Registration No.  11429299 

OTAQ PLC  

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023

- 1 -

CONTENTS 

Company Information  

Financial Highlights 

Chairman’s Statement  

Strategic Report  

Operating Review 

Financial Review 

Directors’ Duty to Promote the Success of the Group 

Environmental, Social and Governance 

Principle Risks and Uncertainties    

Governance   

Board of Directors 

Report of the Directors 

Corporate Governance 

Independent Auditor’s Report  

Financial Statements 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Company Statement of Financial Position 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Notes to the Company Financial Statements 

Page 

1 

2 

3 

4  

5 - 6 

7 

8 

9  

10 

11 - 12 

13 - 16 

17 – 20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 - 51 

52 

53 

54 - 56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company registration number 

11429299 

Directors 

Mr A Reynolds 
Mrs S E Stoten  
Mr P D Newby   
Mr W G Watt (resigned 20 September 2023) 
Mr M J Enright (resigned 31 July 2023) 
Mr G T Clifford 
Dr HV Rotsch 
Mr M Pye (resigned 31 March 2023) 
Mrs J Dowds (appointed 10 April 2024) 

Secretary 

Mrs J Dowds 

Registered office 

Auditor 

Corporate advisor and broker 

Solicitors  

8-3-4 Harpers Mill, South Road  
White Cross  
Lancaster  
England 
LA1 4XF 

Azets Audit Services  
Fleet House 
New Road 
Lancaster  
LA1 1EZ 

Dowgate Capital Limited 
15 Fetter Lane 
London 
EC4A 1BW 

CMS Cameron McKenna Nabarro Olswang LLP 
1 West Regent Street 
Glasgow 
G2 1AP 

Website 

www.otaq.com 

- 1 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ABOUT OTAQ PLC 

OTAQ is a highly innovative technology company focused upon the aquaculture and 
offshore markets.  

OTAQ’s aquaculture products, which include a sonar device (developed for Minnowtech LLC) to scan shrimp 
in ponds and water quality monitoring, are focused on maximising welfare and production yields. 
Additionally, the Company has developed what it believes to be a potentially game changing live plankton 
analysis product for finfish and shellfish farmers. It also continues to target opportunities in the acoustic 
deterrent devices market via its Sealfence product, which is used by salmon farmers, with global 
opportunities in a number of the major salmon production regions of the world. 

OTAQ’s offshore product range includes OceanSense subsea leak detection, Eagle IP camera systems, 
Lander seabed survey devices and Subsea electrical connectors and penetrators. It is targeting a number of 
growth opportunities in new territories and has a strong client base including Expro, Amphenol and National 
Oilwell Varco. The Company is also focused on the development of new products through this division, with 
the aim of increased cross-deployment of skills and technologies into the aquaculture arena. 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

REVENUE 

£4.4m 

2022** £2.6M 

GROSS PROFIT 

£2.2M 

2022 £0.8m 

ADJUSTED EBITDA* 

LOSS PER SHARE 

-£0.3M 

2022 -£0.26 

NET DEBT 

£0.8m 

2022 net cash £0.76m 

£0.009 

2022 £0.05 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

£0.3M 

2022 £2.3M 

*Adjusted EBITDA is an alternative performance measure used internally to monitor the Group’s performance. It is 
calculated as earnings before income, tax, depreciation, exceptional costs, impairment, share option charges and 
amortisation. 

** Comparatives are for the 9-month period to 31 December 2022 

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CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

Over the past year, the Group has diligently worked to develop and expand its product portfolio within its core markets, 
Offshore and Aquaculture. Following initial sales of some of these new products the Group is now focused on developing 
new markets and commercial opportunities. Product development will continue into 2024 as the range expands to provide 
a suite of complementary aquaculture and offshore products. 

I  believe that 2024  will yield  the  benefit of  our expanded  and  diversified  product  portfolio  and  I  will  be  able  to present 
improved revenue and profit performance for the year to 31 December 2024. 

Strategy  
The business strategy leverages the Group’s customer base in the Offshore and Aquaculture industries to market new 
products developed by the Group’s product development team. Over time, the Group aims to offer a comprehensive suite 
of advanced products for the Aquaculture industry, catering to both finfish and shrimp markets, while also targeting niche 
markets in the Offshore sector to sustain its historical success. Additionally, the Geotracking division will utilise these newly 
developed products to focus on specific sectors that are expected to benefit greatly from this technology. 

Offshore 
The  Offshore division  showed  strong  growth in  2023  with  revenues  up by  99% on the  previous  reporting period.   This 
strong performance is expected to continue into 2024 as opportunities in new territories such as North America and other 
global markets are explored. Sales and marketing resource is being invested to help develop the potential in this division 
and accelerate revenue growth.  

Aquaculture 
The Group has developed innovative new products for use in the Aquaculture industry. The Live Plankton Analysis System 
(LPAS) was commercially launched at Aquaculture UK on 15th May 2024 and the Group continues to explore the huge 
market potential for it’s shrimp sonar and water quality monitoring products. 

Geotracking 
The Geotracking technology developed since 2020 has enjoyed some commercial success. Variants of the Geotracking 
device remain in development consisting of tracking devices for use in the railway industry and other similar sectors. Trials 
with partners in the railway industry are ongoing with orders placed and deliveries made. The potential for significant orders 
within this division exists and the Group is working hard to achieve this.  

Our Team 
The continued levels of passion and enthusiasm that exists within the business have driven the results we have seen this 
year and the strength of the development team have positioned the Group for growth into 2024 and beyond. I am delighted 
to welcome Justine Dowds to the Board and thank George Watt and Matt Enright for their contribution’s.  I am confident 
the team will work diligently to deliver the performance that the Board expects over the next twelve months.  

Adam Reynolds 
Non-Executive Chairman  
28 June 2024 

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STRATEGIC REPORT 

OPERATING REVIEW 

Review of the period 
During the year the Group has continued it’s path to return to growth and profitability without relying on its historically core 
product in the Aquaculture division. The Offshore division has performed well in the year  .    

The phytoplankton analysis product was launched commercially in April 2024, following positive feedback from key client 
stakeholders. With the product achieving the desired identification rates on our initial  target species, we are now set to 
develop this strategically important market. 

During the year we made sales of over 200 shrimp sonars to Minnowtech LLC, in which we have a 13.9% investment. 
Early indications of further orders in 2024 have been given as the product has been well received by the early adopters. 

Revenue 
The Group achieved Revenue of £4.4m in the year (2022 9 mths: £2.56m) driven by £3.2m in the Offshore division (2022 
9 mths: £1.62m) and £1.2m (2022 9 mths: £0.88m) in the Aquaculture division.  

Sales  to  non-UK  territories  have  increased  by  96%  compared  to  the  nine  months  to  December  2022  and  UK  sales 
increased by 51% compared to the same period. Non-UK sales now make up 56% of total revenue up from 50% in 2022 
as the Offshore division continues to expand and become a more significant part of the Group. This revenue change is all 
organic.  

North America sales grew to 23% of total sales in 2023 from 16% in the nine month period for 2022.  Europe and Chile are 
consistent with last year at 15% and 5% respectively.   

Profit  
The statutory loss for the year has reduced to £1.1m in 2023 (2022 9 mths: £2.30m).  Gross profit increased to £2.2m 
(50%) in 2023 from £0.8m (31%) in the nine months to December 2022, driven by the transition to higher margin sales in 
the Offshore division.  Effective management of the cost base throughout the year  has meant administrative expenses 
increased only marginally to £3.3m despite being a full 3 months longer period (2022: £3.1m).  

Dividends  
The Board is not recommending a final dividend (2022: £nil). 

Trading environment  
The North Sea and wider oil market in which the Offshore division operates, and which impacts on demand for the Offshore 
division, has remained buoyant during the period. Demand in this division is expected to continue to be favourable in 2024 
and will be supported by significant sales resources and dedicated product development support. Scotland is a key initial 
market  for  the  Group’s  new  live  plankton  analysis  system  (LPAS)  and  water  quality  monitoring  product.  Continued 
development of LPAS with the expansion into Australia and Chile continues in 2024.  

Innovation 
The Group has continued to invest in the development of new products and improvement to existing products. Investment 
in research and development, capitalised as development costs, amounted to £0.58 million in the period to 31 December 
2023  (2022  9  mths:  £0.36  million),  equivalent  to  13%  of  Group  revenue  (2022  9  mths:  14%).  The  aim  of  the  Group’s 
research  and  development  team  is  to  deliver  key  projects  such  as  LPAS,  water  quality  monitoring  and  shrimp  sonar 
devices.  

Current trading and prospects  
We are pleased with the growth in sales achieved in the year, demonstrating the success of our strategy to diversify while 
focusing  initial  growth  efforts  in  the  Offshore  division.  Future  growth  is  planned  to  be  delivered  by  both  Offshore  and 
Aquaculture through expansion into new markets and with the launch of newly developed products.  Whilst we deliver the 
sales growth, we continue to exercise firm controls on costs and cash in our drive to see the Group return to profitability. 

Phil Newby 
Chief Executive  

28 June 2024 

- 4 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT CONTINUED 

FINANCIAL REVIEW 

The strategy of the Group is to build a business of significance within the aquaculture and offshore industries with the key 
financing requirements being to ensure there is sufficient resource to fund new product development and working capital 
as the Group returns to profit.  

The Group's Key Performance Indicators are aligned to revenue, profits and ensuring sufficient cash flow to deliver future 
growth. These three measures were above targets in the period to 31 December 2023. 

The  Group  also  monitors  loss  time  incidents  and  employee  absenteeism  and  turnover.  Loss  time  incidents  were  zero 
(2022: zero) for the year and employee absenteeism and turnover were in line with historic levels.   

Revenue  
Group revenue increased to £4.41m in 2023 from £2.56 million in the 9 months to 31 December 2022.  Offshore divisional 
revenue increased by  100% in the  period, and the Group saw a  31% increase in Aquaculture revenue. Delays in new 
contracts for Geotrackers led to a small decline in revenue to £45k (£59k for nine months to December 2022)). 

Profits  
The preferred measure of assessing profits for the Group is explained below: 

Operating loss 
Exceptional costs 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Impairment of rental units 
Right-of-use depreciation 
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment 
Adjusted EBITDA* 

2023 
12 months 
£’000 
(1,064) 
- 
277 
- 
168 
308 
(311) 

2022 
9 months 
£’000 
(2,310) 
1,230 
326 
62 
130 
304 
(258) 

* Earnings before income, tax, depreciation, share option charges, impairment, exceptional costs and amortisation. 

The Adjusted EBITDA loss of £0.31m for the year to 31 December 2023 is a slight reduction from £0.26m in the 9 months 
to 31 December 2022 however the corresponding EBITDA operating margin improves to -7% EBITDA from a -10% EBITDA 
operating loss in the prior year. This improvement was driven by the significant increase in Gross profit in the year, £2.2m 
from £0.79m in the prior year. The EBITDA improvement also resulted from an increase in the gross profit percentage from 
50.0% to 31.0% due to the changing revenue mix towards the Offshore division.  

Operating losses reduced to £1.06m from £2.31m (in the nine months to 31 December 2022). The statutory loss before 
tax reduced to £1.22 million compared to £2.51 million in 2022.  

Adjusted EBITDA  
There were no adjusting items in 2023 compared to £1.23m in 2022, (expenditure which does not relate directly to the core 
activities  of  the  Group  and  is  considered  to  be  one-off  in  nature  or  in  relation  to  investing,  restructuring  or  financing 
activities).   

In addition to this, there were depreciation charges of £0.31 million (2022: £0.30m), intangible amortisation charges of 
£0.28m (2022: £0.33m) and right-of-use depreciation charges of £0.17m (2022: £0.13m).  

Finance costs  
Net  finance  costs  totalled  £0.20m  (2022:  £0.20m)  and  related  to  the  interest  charge  relating  to  deferred  acquisition 
payments made in the year associated with the terms of the acquisition of Marine Sense Limited in 2018, Right of use 
asset interest charges and predominantly interest costs relating to the CBILs loan. 

Taxation  
As the Group remains in a statutory loss-making position, there is no overall Group tax charge. The Group continues to 
benefit from research and development tax credits which, accounts for the £0.13m (2022: £0.22m) tax credit in the year. 

Earnings and losses per share  
Statutory basic losses per share  reduced to 0.9p (2022: loss 5.0p) and statutory diluted losses per share totalled  0.9p 
(2022: loss 5.0p). These are calculated using the weighted average number of shares in existence during the year. 

- 5 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Return on Capital  
The Group intends to report on capital returns once sustained profitability has been achieved. Whilst capital returns are 
monitored currently, it is not a key performance or key results measure given the Group’s high revenue growth and current 
statutory loss-making position.  

Dividends  
No dividends have been paid in the year (2022: £nil) and no dividend is recommended. It is expected that all cash resources 
will be retained by the Group.  

Headcount  
The Group’s number of employees for 2023 stood at 45 (2022: 43).  

Share capital and share options  
The Group's issued share capital as at 31 December 2023 totalled  128,144,360 Ordinary shares (2022: 127,824,881). 
During the year 319,479 (2022: 108,631) shares were issued as part of the employee Share Incentive Plan. 

No share options were issued or exercised in the year (2022: 0) with 23,930,878 (2022: 23,930,878) share options and 
warrants in  issue  as  at  31  December  2023.  350,000  (2022:  700,000)  share options  were  cancelled  in  the year  due to 
employee’s  leaving  the  company.    Warrants  totalling  22,499,978  were  outstanding  on  31  December  2023  (2022: 
22,819,978). 

Cashflow and net debt  
This  year's  cash  generated  from  operations  totalled  an  outflow  of  £0.31  million  (2022:  £0.88  million).  Total  capital 
expenditure amounted to £0.94 million (2022: £0.61 million). Year-end cash balances totalled £0.32 million compared to 
£2.34 million in 2022. The Group finished 2023 with net debt of £0.8 million compared to £0.76 million of net cash at the 
end of 2022 as reconciled below: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Non-current lease liabilities 
Current lease liabilities 
Non-current financial liabilities 
Current financial liabilities 
Income tax asset 
Net (debt) / cash  

2023 
12 months 
£’000 
316 
(42) 
(134) 
(570) 
(484) 
113 
(801) 

2022 
9 months 
£’000 
2,337 
(181) 
(172) 
(1,054) 
(447) 
275 
758 

The directors consider the income tax credit to be part of net debt as the asset will be converted into cash and is not part 
of normal working capital requirements as with other current assets.  

Assets and liabilities 
Total current assets at 31 December 2023 were £2.5m compared to total current assets of £4.24m at 31 December 2022. 
The key change during the year relates to the decrease in cash balances and the increase in trade and other receivables 
to £1.3m (2022: £0.69m) due to one significant debtor that paid in Q1 2024. Inventories have decreased to £0.81m from 
£0.94m with trade and other payables increasing to £0.66m from £0.50m.  

Total liabilities have decreased from £2.36m as at 31 December 2022 to £1.9m as at 31 December 2023 with this decrease 
driven by the repayments due under the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CBILs) loan. The reduction in 
right-of-use lease liabilities of £177k if offset by an increase in trade and other payables of £158k 

The Group remains focussed on tight cost control and cash management whilst revenue and EBITDA growth is delivered 
to enable the Group to become cash flow positive.    

Summary 
It is pleasing to see this years 72% increase in revenue and 177% increase in Gross Profit compared to the previous 9 
months.  The Group’s Offshore division is trading well and there is optimism that this division and new product launches 
can return the Group to an EBITDA-positive position and improve the Group’s cash performance. However, management 
and the Board will continue to exercise firm controls on costs and cash during this period of growth. 

Justine Dowds 
Chief Financial Officer  
28 June 2024 

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STRATEGIC REPORT CONTINUED 

DIRECTORS’ DUTY TO PROMOTE THE SUCCESS OF THE GROUP 

As  required  by  Section  172  of  the  Companies  Act  2006,  a  director  of  a  company  must  act  in  the  way  that  he  or  she 
considers, in good faith, would likely promote the success of the company for the benefit of its shareholders. 

In doing so, the director must have regard, among other matters, to the following issues: 

Likely consequences of any decisions in the long-term; 
Interests of the company’s employees; 

• 
• 
•  Need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others; 
• 
• 
•  Needing to act fairly between members of the company. 

Impact of the company’s operations on the community and environment; 
The company’s reputation for high standards of business conduct; 

The Group’s ongoing engagement with stakeholders and consideration of their respective interests in its decision-making 
process is as described below. 

Our culture 
OTAQ has always considered a long-term perspective, from its first interaction with a prospective customer or investment 
and thereafter. Further detail is explained in the ESG statement on page 8. 

Shareholders 
The primary mechanism for engaging with shareholders is through the Company’s AGM and also through any annual cycle 
of investor meetings held alongside the publication of the Group’s financial results for the half year and full year. The OTAQ 
website has a dedicated investor microsite to engage with investors. The Company aims to release market relevant news 
as the Group’s activities permit. Further information is disclosed in the Corporate Governance statement on pages 13 to 
16. 

Customers 
The Group operates in global markets and developing a strong reputation is key to our ongoing success. Maintaining the 
strong reputation with our customer base for providing products and service of the highest quality is therefore of paramount 
importance. The Group undertakes regular quality reviews and is proud of its ISO9001 certification which evidences  our 
strong  commitment  to  customer  satisfaction  through  our  internal  processes  from  both  a  manufacturing  and  customer 
engagement perspective.   

Suppliers 
We have stable and long-standing close relationships with our key suppliers. As the Group evolves, we are forming new 
key partnerships with suppliers who we look to help grow as the Group enters into new sectors and territories. We look to 
make use of supply agreements where possible and treat our suppliers with integrity and all professional courtesies.   

Employees 
A key to the Group’s performance has been its engaged workforce. The Group’s Directors, alongside our management 
teams,  work  hard  to  provide  a  positive  work  environment  with  opportunities  for  all  our  staff  to  grow  and  achieve  their 
potential as well-respected local employees within each of our businesses’ respective communities. As disclosed in the 
ESG  statement  on  page  8,  27%  of  our  staff  at  year-end  are  shareholders  with  12  employees  partaking  in  the  Share 
Incentive Plan scheme that was constituted in October 2020.  

Community and environment 
Our businesses are proud of their contribution to the local community both as a local employer and also of their generally 
low impact on the environment. More information can be found in the ESG statement on page 8. 

- 7 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT CONTINUED 

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE 

Our culture 
OTAQ’s culture is one of commitment, openness and integrity working together as a small team of 45 employees to achieve 
the Group’s goals. Leadership development is used to strengthen the core management team, both in the way the team 
works together and developing the individuals.  

Our businesses have all built a respected place in both the local community, dealing fairly with their own staff, and further 
afield with customers and suppliers, some of whom are global. We expect them to continue to do this, understanding that 
as a public company we must continue to uphold high standards of behaviour. We always encourage decision-making for 
the long term as we expect our businesses to build for the future and not just for the present. As we operate globally, we 
are mindful and respectful of local cultural differences.  

We also encourage all our employees to act commercially and treat the company as if they are its owner. 27% of our team 
are OTAQ shareholders.  

The environment 
OTAQ recognises that environmental concerns, inclusive of climate change, must be addressed by all businesses across 
the globe. We recognise that many of our trading activities have an environmental impact although we work to minimise 
our impact on the environment. As primarily a technology company, our group is not a capital-intensive manufacturer and 
all of our business units look to minimise the impact in conjunction with our customers on the environments where our 
products are deployed.  

In our remaining aquaculture markets we liaise with regulators in order to ensure the impact of acoustic deterrent devices 
on the surrounding cetaceans and other marine fauna is non-invasive and not detrimental to their wellbeing.  

Health and safety  
Health and safety is of paramount importance to OTAQ and a key priority for our management teams. Our employees must 
be  safe  at  work  and  we  therefore  aim  to  provide  a  safe  and  comfortable  working  environment  for  them.  The  Group 
encourages all its divisions to seek continuous improvement and promote a strong health and safety culture.  

The Group routinely monitors health and safety adherence across our trading subsidiaries and monthly reports are issued 
and  discussed  regarding  key  health  and  safety  indicators.  As  at  31  December  2023,  the  Group  has  gone  3,199  days 
without a loss time incident.  

Anti-bribery and corruption  
OTAQ has a zero-tolerance policy on bribery and corruption in relation to all business transactions in which the Group is 
involved. This policy includes the offering or receiving of inappropriate gifts or making payments to influence the outcome 
of business transactions. We also require customers and suppliers who contract with the Group on our standard business 
terms to comply with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws. 

Equal opportunities  
OTAQ  supports  equal  opportunity  for  all  our  employees  and  those  who  wish  to  join  our  Group.  Our  aim  is  to  build  a 
meritocratic  work  environment  where  everyone  can  make  the  most  of  their  skills  and  talents,  without  discrimination  or 
harassment. In the event of a member of staff becoming disabled, every effort is made to ensure that they can continue 
their employment with the Group with suitable support. It is the Group’s policy that disabled people should have access to 
the same career path, training and promotion opportunities as all other employees.  

It is a Group policy not to discriminate against staff or candidates on the basis of age, disability, gender reassignment, 
marital  or  civil  partner  status,  pregnancy  or maternity,  race,  colour,  nationality,  ethnic or  national  origin,  religion  or 
belief, or sex or sexual orientation. 

Human rights  
OTAQ supports the provisions set out in the Modern Slavery Act and endorses the core requirements of the Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights and the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. We do not tolerate 
practices which contravene these international standards.  

- 8 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT CONTINUED 

PRINCIPLE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

Key personnel 
The Group’s future success is dependent on its senior management and key personnel and, given the small niche-serving 
nature of the Group’s businesses, it is always a challenge to maintain back-up support in respect of key roles or to replace 
key staff should they leave our organisation. Finding quality executives in our sector is a challenge and it can take a long 
time to replace and/or to prove the suitability of any new executive. The Group encourages succession planning wherever 
possible and seeks to provide a positive work environment with opportunities for career growth coupled with appropriate 
remuneration and, where appropriate, longer-term rewards. 

Currency and foreign exchange 
The Group operates in foreign currency locations but invoices the vast majority of its revenue in Sterling and therefore has 
only insignificant exchange rate risk. The Group will continue to review the need for hedging exchange risk but has not 
historically needed to and doesn’t expect to in the short-to-medium term. The operations of OTAQ Chile SpA are conducted 
in Chilean Pesos but this constitutes a minor risk due to the size of that company in relation to the Group. 

Economic conditions 
The prevailing uncertainties in the world economy represent a risk to the Group’s prospects. As a majority of the Group’s 
revenue is now in part linked to the price of oil, a reduction in the price of oil could reduce revenue in its Offshore division. 

Interest rate risk - The Group finances its operations through a mixture of equity and loans. Loans made to the Group are 
under  the  UK  Government’s  CBILs  scheme  and  are  at  a  floating  interest  rate  based  on  the  Sterling  Over  Night  Index 
Average (“SONIA”) rate plus 6%, subject to this being more than 8%. If the SONIA rate is less than 2%, the interest rate 
payable is 8%.   

R&D and products  
The Group continues to invest in the development of new products to meet the needs of our customers. There is a risk that 
our businesses may be unable to develop suitably commercial and technically reliable new products with which to maintain 
and  drive  revenue  performance.  The  Group  maintains  a  focus  on  ensuring  there  are  ongoing  R&D  roadmaps  for  our 
businesses and that we continue to invest in well trained and qualified R&D and operations teams to deliver quality, well-
engineered products for our customers. 

Competition 
The Group faces competition across all its businesses and there can be no certainty that each business will achieve the 
market penetration it seeks. There is also no guarantee that there will be no new competition or new entrant to the market 
with  better  products.  The  Group  seeks  to  mitigate  this  by  working  closely  with  its  customers  and  agreeing  long-term 
contracts  as  appropriate.  Additionally,  the  Group  will  work  with  customers  to  understand  their  product  development 
requirements and look to satisfy these where they are commercially viable.  

Regulation 
The Group operates in regulated aquaculture markets where the use of products such as the Group’s Sealfence product 
may  require permission to be used. The Group continues to work with relevant local authorities to ensure the Group’s 
products comply with all requirements.  

New customers and business 
The Group’s long-term value is reliant on the acquisition of new customers and new business. The Group faces uncertainty 
in terms of the timing of the delivery of new customers and business. The Group continues to work hard to develop products 
with commercial value and develop existing and new customer relationships.   

Future Developments 
The future development of the Group is dealt with in the Chairman’s Statement and the Chief Executive’s report.  

Charitable Donations and Community Support  
No charitable or political donations were made in the year (2022: £nil).  

- 9 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOVERNANCE 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

Adam Reynolds N 
Chairman 
Adam is a veteran of the small cap market and a champion of growth companies. He brings with him a wealth of 
knowledge and experience across various sectors and helps companies realise their potential. He began his career in 
the City in 1980 with stockbrokers Rowe Rudd, following which he joined public relations business Basham & Coyle 
heading their Investor Relations Division. Thereafter he established his own PR/IR and Corporate Finance firm, which he 
subsequently floated on AIM in 2000 before selling the company in 2004. More recently, Adam has been a major investor 
in and Non-Executive Chairman or Non-Executive Director of a number of small cap growth companies. 

Phil Newby E 
Chief Executive  
Phil joined the OTAQ Group in June 2014 as commercial director and was appointed chief executive in March 2016. 
From 1993 to 1995, Phil was general manager of Unique Systems LLC, an offshore equipment rental business operating 
in the Middle East and India. From 1996 to 2011 Phil was MD of Trelleborg Offshore Barrow-In-Furness Limited, a 
business that supplied flowline and cable protection to the offshore oil and gas industry. In 2011 Phil joined Unique 
Systems Russia LLC which was developing umbilical systems for commercial diving operations. Phil has now operated 
at CEO plc level for several years and has the pre-requisite skills.  

Justine Dowds E (appointed 10 April 2024) 
Chief Financial Officer 
Justine began working as a consultant for the OTAQ Group in August 2023, and was appointed as a Director in April 
2024. She has held a number of senior positions in a range of high growth companies across various sectors including 
property development, aviation charter services, IT and construction. Most recently Justine was Managing Director of 
GB3 Limited, an IT Managed Services company, having joined the company in 2012 as Finance and Operations 
Director. Before GB3 Limited, Justine worked for United Utilities and AstraZeneca having previously qualified as a 
Chartered Accountant with Arthur Andersen. 

Harald Rotsch E 
Chief Technology Officer 
With a PhD in Physics, Harald has over 20 years’ engineering experience in the marine environment with responsibility 
for leading on design, installation and commissioning on over 30 offshore and marine related projects. Prior to joining the 
Group as Technical Director of OTAQ Offshore Limited (previously named MarineSense Limited) in 2019, he founded 
MarineSense in 2007 where he was Managing Director until the company was bought by the Company in 2018. Harald 
has recently commenced his role at CTO plc level but his significant previous experience means he has the pre-requisite 
skills for the CTO role.  

Sarah Stoten N R  
Sarah is a graduate in Marine Biology and Oceanography from the National Oceanography Centre at the University of 
Southampton. She works for AIM-quoted Franchise Brands plc, initially in Corporate Development and more recently in 
post-acquisition integration where she successfully introduced new key services and processes across the franchise 
network. Her current role is restructuring and growing a newly acquired franchise network whilst integrating it into the 
Group. 

Giles Clifford N R 
Since 2015, Giles has been Director of Business Development for Brendon Street Investments Limited and, on behalf of 
the Wray Family Office, leads on various key projects and investment company holdings, providing review, insight and 
strategic commercial financial support. Previously, Giles was Finance Director of Warner Bros Studios Leavesden, and 
before that Head of Finance before moving to Head of Business Improvement at Wembley National Stadium Limited, 
where he was a key team member during the new stadium financing and build phase, and then running the new stadium 
for its first 8 years. 

Matt Enright E (resigned 20 September 2023) 
Chief Financial Officer 

George Watt N I (resigned 20 September 2023) 

Committee membership  
E Executive, N Non-Executive, R Remuneration Committee 

- 10 - 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOVERNANCE 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

The directors of OTAQ PLC submit their report for the financial year ended 31 December 2023. 

Principal Activity and Business Review 
This information is included within the Strategic Report above, as part of the ‘Review of the Business’ under the Amendment 
to the Companies Act 2006 of s.414C(2a). 

Share Capital 
The  share  capital  of  the  Group  is  comprised  of  128,144,360  ordinary  shares  each  with  equal  voting  rights.  Euroblue 
Investments Limited owns 19.3% and Dowgate Capital owns 11.1% of the share capital as at 31 December 2023.  

Directors’ indemnity insurance 
As part of the Group, the directors of the Company are covered by insurance against the consequences of actions brought 
against them in relation to their duties for the Company. Such provision remains in force as at the date of approving the 
directors’ report. 

Directors  
Each director is proposed for re-election annually by the Nominations Committee. The Company has obtained Directors’ 
and Officers’ liability insurance, as permitted by the Company’s articles. 

The Board comprised the following directors who served during the year and up to the date of this report:  

Mr A Reynolds (Non-Executive Chairman) 
Mrs SE Stoten (Non-Executive) 
Mr PD Newby  
Mr MJ Enright (resigned 31 July 2023) 
Mr WG Watt (Non-Executive, resigned 20 September 2023) 
Mr GT Clifford (Non-Executive) 
Dr HV Rotsch  
Mr MDF Pye (Non-Executive, resigned 31 March 2023) 
Mrs J Dowds (appointed 10 April 2024) 

Results and Dividends 
The results for the year are set out on page 21.  The Group did not pay a dividend in the year and no dividend is 
recommended to be paid.  

Employee Consultation 
The Group’s policy is to consult and discuss with employees’ representatives matters likely to affect their interests. The 
Group places considerable value on the involvement of its employees and has continued to keep them informed on matters 
affecting them as employees and on various factors affecting the performance of the Group. 

Disabled Persons 
Applications for employment by disabled persons are given full and fair consideration for accordance with their particular 
aptitudes and abilities. In the event of employees becoming disabled, every effort is given to retrain them in order that their 
employment with the Group may continue. It is the policy of the Group that training, career development and promotion 
opportunities should be available to all employees. 

Going Concern 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Directors have taken note of 
guidance  issued  by  the  Financial  Reporting  Council  on  Going  Concern  Assessments  in  determining  that  this  is  the 
appropriate basis of preparation of the financial statements. The Group ended the period to 31 December 2023 with cash 
balances of £0.32 million.  

The Group entered the new financial year with a strong portfolio of new products and a healthy pipeline of products in 
development. While the global economic environment remains uncertain, the Directors consider that the Group is 
appropriately placed to manage its business risks successfully. 

The Group has conditionally raised £1.7m by way of Placing Convertible Loan notes as disclosed in the circular dated 26 
June 2024 providing the funding to allow the Group to continue it’s product development as well as providing working 
capital required until the forecasted growth makes the Group cash generative. A broker option for up to a further £1m 
Broker Option Convertible Loan Notes has also been agreed. The Placing commitments are legally binding, and funds 
will be available on 12th July subject only to shareholder approval at the general meeting on 12th July. The Directors and 
broker, having canvassed the % of shareholders required to pass the resolutions, are highly confident of success at the 
general meeting and hence believe the funding will complete as planned. 

- 11 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Directors therefore have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational 
existence for the foreseeable future. Therefore, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the Annual 
Report and Accounts. However, there is technically a small chance that the shareholder resolutions required for the Placing 
Convertible Loan Notes are not passed and on this basis, the funding cannot be considered certain until 12 July 2024. 
These conditions are necessarily considered to represent a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt over the 
Group’s and the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

Payment Policy  
The Group’s policy is to agree terms and conditions with suppliers in advance and to pay agreed invoices in accordance 
with the agreed terms of payment.  

Simplified energy and carbon reporting 
In compliance with the “The Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors’ Report) in particular Part 7A to 
Schedule 7 “Dealing with energy and carbon disclosures by large unquoted companies”. Please find the disclosure of 
energy and CO2 information for the Group for the year ending 31 December 2023 which relate entirely to the UK. 

The information includes the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions (scope 1, 2 and 3), energy consumption data for 
fuels, electricity and transport, and also a CO2 intensity ratio. Group generated 220 tonnes (2022: 78 tonnes) of CO2 and 
consumed 215 MWh (2022: 116 MWh) of Energy within the 2023 financial period in its UK operations. 

Emissions (CO2 tonnes) 

Scope 

2023 

2022 

Direct emissions from the purchase of gas 
Indirect emission from the purchase of electricity 
Business travel  

1 
2 
3 

TOTAL 

Consumption (kWh) 

Electricity 

Gas 

CO2 Intensity Ratio: 

CO2 tonnes per employee 

8 
39 
173 

220 

188,809 

26,604 

215,413 

6 
23 
49 

78 

98,033 

17,838 

115,871 

5 

1.8 

The Group promotes energy efficiency by its use of electric vehicles and continues to review new methods of reducing 
energy consumption.  

On behalf of the Board 

Phil Newby 
28 June 2024

- 12 -

GOVERNANCE 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Introduction  
I have pleasure in introducing the Corporate Governance Statement. In accordance with the requirements of being listed 
on the growth section of the Aquis Stock Exchange, we recognise that the application of sound corporate governance is 
essential in the Group’s ongoing success and adopt the principal provisions of the QCA Corporate Governance Code for 
Small and Mid-Size Quoted Companies (“QCA guidelines”, www.theqca.com/corporate-governance). This report sets out 
our approach to OTAQ’s governance. Principle one of the QCA code is covered in page 2. Principle three of the QCA code 
is covered in page 8. Principle four of the QCA code is covered in page 13. 

Board composition 
The Board is responsible to the shareholders and sets the Group’s strategy for achieving long-term success. It is also 
ultimately  responsible  for  the  management,  governance,  controls,  risk  management,  direction  and  performance  of  the 
Group. 

During the  period, the  Board comprised  the  Non-Executive  Chairman,  three  further  Non-Executive  Directors and  three 
Executive Directors. 

During the period, the Group has had two independent Non-Executive Directors. At the same time, the Company considers 
that  these  Non-Executive  Directors  act  independently  of  the  Executive  management.  The  value  of  their  business 
knowledge alongside their developing understanding of the Group’s business model ensures that they will be best placed 
to appropriately police adherence to the Group’s enduring strategy. 

Board operation 
The  Board  is  responsible  for  the  Company’s  strategy  and  for  its  overall  management.  The  operation  of  the  Board  is 
documented in  a  formal  schedule  of  matters  reserved  for its  approval,  which  will  be  reviewed  annually. These  include 
(although not exhaustively) matters relating to: 

the Group’s strategic aims and objectives;  
the approval of significant acquisitions and expenditure; 
financial reporting, financial controls, and dividend policy; 
the approval of the Group’s annual budget; 
the structure, capital and financing of the Group; 
internal control, risk and the Group’s risk appetite; 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
•  effective communication with shareholders; and 
•  any changes to Board membership or structure. 

Board decision making 
The Board has a schedule of matters covering business, financial and operational matters ensuring that all areas of Board 
responsibility are addressed throughout the year. The Chairman, supported by the Company Secretary, is responsible for 
ensuring the Directors receive accurate and timely information. The Company Secretary compiles the Board papers which 
are  circulated  to  Directors  in  advance  of  meetings.  The  Company  Secretary  prepares  and  provides  minutes  of  each 
meeting, and every Director is aware of the right to formally minute any concerns. 

Board Committees 
The Board has delegated specific responsibilities to the Remuneration Committees, details of which are set out below.  

The committee has written terms of reference setting out its duties, authority and reporting responsibilities. Copies of all 
the Committee terms of reference are available on request from the Company Secretary. The terms of reference of each 
Committee  are  kept  under  continuous  review  to  ensure  they  remain  appropriate  to  the  Group.  Each  Committee  is 
comprised of one or two of the non-executive directors of the Company.  

The  board  has chosen  to  cease  the  Audit  Committee  as  the  directors  consider  that  the current  arrangements  with  the 
external  Auditor  are  effective.  The  Board  regularly  monitors  and  reviews  the  Auditors  independence,  objectivity,  and 
effectiveness. The Auditor reports its findings to board members and the Board  considers all reports received from the 
Auditor. 

As all Board appointments are formally considered by the Board, the Board considers there is no need for a Nominations 
Committee. 

Remuneration Committee 
The Remuneration Committee is chaired by Sarah Stoten, Non-Executive Director. The other member of this Committee 
is Giles Clifford, Non-Executive Director. The Remuneration Committee reviews the performance of the Executive Directors 
and  makes  recommendations  to  the  Board  on  matters  relating  to  their  remuneration  and  terms  of  employment.  The 

- 13 - 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Remuneration Committee also makes recommendations to the Board on proposals for the granting of share options and 
other equity incentives pursuant to any share option scheme or equity incentive scheme in operation from time to time. 
The remuneration and terms and conditions of appointment of the non-executive directors of the Company are set by the 
Board. The Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer are  invited to attend for some parts of the Committee meetings 
where their input is required although they do not take part in any discussion on their own benefits and remuneration. The 
Remuneration Committee meets at least once per year. 

Board effectiveness 
Biographies of the Board on page 11 sets out the skills, knowledge and experience of the Board. This mix of capabilities 
enables them to constructively challenge strategy and review performance. Board effectiveness is subject to review and 
detailed in the performance evaluation section of this report. 

Performance evaluation 
The Chairman discusses with each of the Non-Executive Directors their ongoing effectiveness. He is also responsible for 
the  Executive composition  of the  Board. The  Chief  Executive  assesses  each  Executive Director  and  provides  informal 
feedback on their performance on a timely basis.  

Time commitments 
All Directors are aware of the time required to fulfil the role prior to appointment and have confirmed their ability to meet 
the required commitment prior to appointment. This requirement is also included in their letters of appointment or service 
contract. The Board is satisfied that the Chairman and each of the Non-Executive Directors can devote sufficient time to 
the Group. 

Development 
The Company Secretary ensures that all Directors are made aware of changes in relevant legislation and regulations, with 
the  assistance  of  the  Company’s  advisers  where  appropriate.  Executive  Directors  are  subject  to  the  Company’s 
performance development review process and will obtain additional professional training as appropriate. 

External appointments 
In the appropriate circumstances, the Board may authorise Executive Directors to take Non-Executive positions in other 
companies and organisations, provided the time commitment does not impact upon the Director’s ability to perform their 
role, since such appointments should widen their experience. The Chairman will approve any such appointment. 

Conflicts of interest 
The Board will regularly review any Directors’ conflicts of interest. The Company’s Articles of Association provide for the 
Board to authorise any actual or potential conflicts of interest. 

Independent professional advice 
Directors have access to independent professional advice at the Company’s expense. In addition, they have access to the 
advice  and  services  of  the  Company  Secretary  who  is  responsible  to  the  Board  for  advice  on  corporate  governance 
matters. 

Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance 
The Company has obtained Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance as permitted by the Company’s articles. 

Election of Directors 
In accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association, each Director, as appropriate, will be proposed for re-election 
each year.  

Remuneration Report 
The Remuneration Committee meets regularly and, having taken the relevant advice, determines on behalf of the Board 
the remuneration package of the executive directors and other senior executives. 

The Remuneration Committee aims to ensure that remuneration packages are competitive and designed to attract, retain 
and  motivate directors  and  executives  of  the  right calibre.   The  committee  has  regard  to the  levels  of  remuneration in 
comparable organisations and is sensitive to salary levels in the wider community. It operates performance related reward 
policies to ensure there is a correct balance between fixed and variable remuneration. 

Internal controls 
The  Board  has  ultimate  responsibility  for  the  Group’s  system  of  internal  control  and  for  reviewing  its  effectiveness. 
However, any such system of internal control can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material 
misstatement or loss. The Board considers that the internal controls in place are appropriate for the size, complexity and 
risk profile of the Group. 
The principal components of the Group’s internal control system include: 

•  overview of the day-to-day activities of the Group by the Executive Directors; 

•  all proposed acquisitions are comprehensively reviewed by the Board; 

- 14 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  a comprehensive annual budgeting process which is approved by the Board; 

•  a decentralised organisational structure with defined levels of responsibility for all trading subsidiaries, to encourage 

principled entrepreneurial behaviour whilst minimising risks; 

rotational visits by the Board to the trading subsidiaries; 

formal reporting lines and management information reporting between divisions and senior management; 

• 

• 

•  detailed monthly reporting of performance against budget and forecast; and 

•  central control over key areas such as cash/banking facilities and capital expenditure. 

The Group continues to assess and develop its internal control system to ensure compliance with best practice for a Group 
of its size. 

Relations with shareholders 
The  Group  will  maintain  communications  with  institutional  shareholders  through  individual  meetings  with  Executive 
Directors, particularly following publication of the Group’s interim and full year results. All shareholders are also encouraged 
to  attend  the  Annual  General  Meeting  which  is  on  Wednesday  31st  July  2024.  This  is  the  main  opportunity  for  all 
shareholders to meet with all the Executive and Non-Executive Directors and where the Group’s activities are considered 
and questions answered.  

General  information  about  the  Group  is  also  available on the  Group’s  website  (www.otaq.com).  This  includes  a  Group 
overview, detailed information about our trading businesses, details of all recent Group announcements and other relevant 
investor information.  

Whistleblowing 
The Group has in place a whistleblowing policy which sets out the formal process by which an employee of the Group may, 
in confidence, raise concerns about possible improprieties in financial reporting or other matters.  

Promoting a culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 
The Board recognises that its decisions regarding strategy and risk will impact the corporate culture of the Group as a 
whole and that this will impact the performance of the Group. The Board is aware that the tone and culture set by the Board 
will greatly impact all aspects of the Group as a whole and the way that employees behave. The Group’s human resources 
include and foster the promotion of policies on equality, inclusion and diversity. The corporate governance arrangements 
that the Board has adopted are designed to ensure that the Group delivers long term value to its shareholders, and the 
shareholders have the opportunity to express their views and expectations for the Group in a manner that encourages 
open dialogue with the Board.  

A large part of the Group’s activities is centred upon an open and respectful dialogue with employees, customers and other 
key  stakeholders.  The  importance  of  sound  ethical  values  and  behaviours  is  crucial  to  the  ability  of  the  Group  to 
successfully achieve its corporate objectives. The Board places great importance on this aspect of corporate life and seeks 
to ensure that is embedded within the operations and working life of OTAQ.   

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities 
The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report, the Directors’ Remuneration 
Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company  law  requires  the  directors  to  prepare  group  and  company  financial  statements  for  each  financial  year.   The 
directors have elected under company law and are required under the Listing Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority to 
prepare the group financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards.  The directors 
have elected under company law to prepare the company financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted International 
Accounting Standards. 

The group and company financial statements are required by law and UK-adopted International Accounting Standards to 
present  fairly  the  financial  position  of  the  group  and  the  company  and  the  financial  performance  of  the  group;  the 
Companies Act 2006 provides in relation to such financial statements that references in the relevant part of that Act to 
financial statements giving a true and fair view are references to their achieving a fair presentation. 

Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and the company and of the profit or loss of the group for that period.  

In preparing each of the group and company financial statements, the directors are required to: 

a)  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
b)  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
c)  state whether they have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards ; 
d)  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group 

and the company will continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s 
and the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and 
the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements and the Directors’ Remuneration Report comply with 

- 15 - 

 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and the company and hence 
for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Directors’ statement pursuant to the Disclosure and Transparency Rules 

Each  of  the  Directors,  whose  names  and  functions  are  listed  in  the  Directors’  report  confirm  that,  to  the  best  of  each 
person’s knowledge: 

a. 

b. 

the financial statements, prepared in accordance with the applicable set of accounting standards, give a true and fair 
view  of  the  assets,  liabilities,  financial  position  and  loss  of  the  company  and  the  undertakings  included  in  the 
consolidation taken as a whole; and 
the Directors’ report contained in the Annual Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of 
the business and the position of the company and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole, 
together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face. 

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the 
OTAQ website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements 
may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Provision of information to the Auditor 
The directors confirm that: 

•  so far as each director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s Auditor is unaware; and 

• 

the directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of 
any relevant audit information and to establish that the Auditor is aware of that information. 

Auditor 
The Auditor, Azets Audit Services, has expressed willingness to continue in office. In accordance with section 489(4) of 
the Companies Act 2006, a resolution to re-appoint Azets Audit Services will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting. 

Annual General Meeting 
The Annual General Meeting of the Company will be held  on Wednesday 31st July 2024 at 11:00am  at The Barracks, 
South Road, White Cross, Lancaster, England, LA1 4XF. 

Adam Reynolds 
Non-Executive Chairman  
28 June 2024

- 16 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF OTAQ PLC 

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of OTAQ PLC (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for 
the  period  ended  31  December  2023  which  comprise  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income,  the 
consolidated and parent company statement of financial position, the consolidated and parent company statement of 
changes in equity, the consolidated statement of cash flows and the consolidated and parent company notes to the 
financial statements, including significant accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements is 
applicable law and UK adopted international accounting standards. The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied in the preparation of the parent company financial statements is applicable law and UK adopted international 
accounting standards and, as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the 
provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion: 

•  the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and of the parent company's affairs 

as at 31 December 2023 and of the group's loss for the period then ended; 

•  the  group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted  international 

accounting standards; 

•  the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted 

international accounting standards and as applied in accordance with the Companies Act 2006: and 

•  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. 
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the 
financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with 
the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical 
Standard as applied to listed public interest entities and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance 
with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide 
a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to note 2 (d) in the accounting policies of the financial statements. As stated in that note the directors 
have prepared forecasts assessed the group and company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 
months  from  the  approval  of  the  financial  statements.  The  directors  have  concluded  they  have  a  reasonable 
expectation of sufficient cash available to meet the liabilities as they full due throughout that period based on the group 
and company’s ability to achieve the forecasted trade for the 12 month period and the injection of additional funding 
which is contingent on the basis of shareholders passing a resolution on the Convertible Loan Notes on 12th July 
2024. 

The  directors  have  prepared  forecasts including  the  funding  on  the  basis  that  the  directors  are highly  confident  of 
success at the general meeting and hence believe the funding will complete as planned. The directors acknowledge 
there is a material uncertainty over the group and company’s ability to continue as a going concern without the receipt 
of the funding expected. 

If the shareholders resolution on the Convertible Loan Note was rejected, OTAQ PLC would need to seek and raise 
alternative external funds to maintain their going concern status. 
As stated in note 2 (d), this fact indicates that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group 
and Company's ability to continue as going concerns. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant 
sections of this report. 

- 17 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our approach to the audit 
In  designing  our  audit,  we  determined  materiality  and  assessed  the  risk  of  material  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements.  In particular, we considered the areas involving significant accounting estimates and judgements made 
by those charged with governance which involved consideration of future events that are inherently uncertain and as 
such, the valuation of goodwill was considered to be a key audit matter.   

We  also  addressed  the  risk  of  management  override  of  internal  controls,  including  evaluating  whether  there  was 
evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.   

Our audit testing included substantive testing on significant transactions, balances and disclosure, the extent of which 
was based on factors such as our overall assessment of the control environment. 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of the most significance in our audit of 
the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on the overall audit strategy, 
the  allocation  of  resources  in  the  audit  and  directing  the  efforts  of  the  engagement  team.    These  matters  were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and 
we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report. 

Key audit matter description 
Valuation, classification and disclosure of goodwill 
Goodwill of £1,031k represents 19% of total group equity 
and  the  group  has  made  a  loss  in  the  current  and 
previous financial period.   

There is a risk that the requirements of paragraph 134 
of  IAS  36  ‘Impairment  of  assets’  have  not  been 
appropriately applied resulting in an incorrect valuation 
and overstatement of the period end balance sheet. 

How the matter was addressed in the audit 

We obtained a breakdown of goodwill and reviewed the 
basis  on  which  this  was  allocated  to  cash  generating 
units. 

We  obtained  management’s  impairment  assessment 
and  reviewed  and  challenged  the  assumptions  and 
judgements impacting on the calculations. 

We reviewed the disclosure included within the notes to 
the financial statements. 

Our application of materiality 
We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing the audit, and in evaluating the effect of 
identified misstatements on the audit and of uncorrected misstatements. In general, misstatements, including 
omissions, are considered to be material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected 
to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements. 

Overall materiality 

Group 
88,600 

Parent company 
61,300 

Basis for determining materiality 

2% of annualised turnover 

2% of net assets 

Rationale for benchmark applied 

Basis 
performance materiality 

for 

determining 

As  a  trading  company  with  multiple 
income streams growth in turnover is 
a key driver for the shareholders. 

The company is a holding company 
with  key  metrics  being 
future 
potential  growth  and  a  healthy 
balance sheet 

75% of overall materiality 

75% of overall materiality 

Reporting of misstatements to the 
audit committee 

Misstatements  above  £4,400  and 
misstatements  below  that  threshold 
that  we  considered  it  necessary  to 
report on qualitative grounds. 

Misstatements  above  £3,000  and 
misstatements  below  that  threshold 
that  we  considered  it  necessary  to 
report on qualitative grounds. 

- 18 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTAQ PLC 

Other information 
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements 
and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual 
report.  Our  opinion  on  the  financial  statements  does  not  cover  the  other  information  and,  except  to  the  extent 
otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

Our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other  information  and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is 
materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  audit,  or 
otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material 
misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  this  gives  rise  to  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement 
of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit: 

•  the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial period for which the financial 

statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

•  the  strategic  report  and  the  directors'  report  has  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  applicable  legal 

requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and parent company and their environment obtained 
in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or directors' report.  

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires 
us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have 

not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

•  the parent company financial statements and the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited are not 

in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

•  certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 
As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation 
of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as 
the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and parent company's 
ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern, disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going  concern and  using  the 
going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or 
to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor's  report  that  includes  our  opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance 
with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error 
and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

Extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in 
line with our responsibilities, outlined above and on the Financial Reporting Council’s website, to detect material 
misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. 

We  obtain  and  update  our  understanding  of  the  entity,  its  activities,  its  control  environment,  and  likely  future 
developments, including in relation to the legal and regulatory framework applicable and how the entity is complying 
with that framework.  Based on this understanding, we identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the 
financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, 
and  obtain  audit  evidence  that  is  sufficient  and  appropriate  to  provide  a  basis  for  our  opinion.   This  includes 
consideration of the risk of acts by the entity that were contrary to applicable laws and regulations, including fraud. 

- 19 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTAQ PLC 

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, including fraud, we designed 
procedures which included: 

•  Enquiry of management and those charged with governance around actual and potential litigation and claims 

as well as actual, suspected and alleged fraud;  

•  Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance; 
•  Assessing the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations considered to have a direct material effect on 

the financial statements or the operations of the entity through enquiry and inspection;   

•  Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with 

applicable laws and regulations;  

•  Performing audit work over the risk of management bias and override of controls, including testing of journal 
entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions 
outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for indicators of potential bias.  

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those 
leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation.  This risk increases 
the  more  that  compliance  with  a  law  or  regulation  is  removed  from  the  events  and  transactions  reflected  in  the 
financial  statements,  as  we  will  be  less  likely  to  become  aware  of  instances  of  non-compliance.   The  risk  of  not 
detecting  a  material  misstatement  resulting  from  fraud  is  higher  than  for  one  resulting  from  error,  as  fraud  may 
involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  is  available  on  the  Financial  Reporting  Council's  website  at:  https://
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report. 

Other matters which we are required to address 
We were re-appointed by the board of OTAQ PLC on the  15 June 2023 to audit the financial statements for the 
period ending 31 December 2023.  

Our total uninterrupted period of engagement is 1 year, covering only the period ending 31 December 2023.  

The  non-audit  services  prohibited  by  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  were  not  provided  to  the  group  or  the  parent 
company and we remain independent of the group and the parent company in conducting our audit.  

Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the audit committee. 

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those 
matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted 
by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members 
as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Susanna Cassey (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of Azets Audit Services 

                                June 2024 

Chartered Accountants  
Statutory Auditor 

Fleet House 
New Road 
Lancaster 
United Kingdom 
LA1 1EZ 

- 20 - 

30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTAQ PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Revenue 
Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative expenses 

Operating loss 

Other operating income 

Finance income 
Finance costs 

Loss before taxation 

Taxation 

Loss for the year  

Attributable to: 
Equity shareholders of the Group 

Other comprehensive income 

Items that will be reclassified subsequently to profit and loss: 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive expense for the year 

Attributable to: 
Equity shareholders of the Group 

Note 

Year ended 31 
December 
2023 
£’000 

9 months ended 
31 December 
2022 
£’000 

4 

5 

5 

7 
7 

8 

4,407 
(2,210) 
─────── 

2,197 

(3,261) 

─────── 

(1,064) 

- 

11 
(163) 
─────── 
(1,216) 

126 
─────── 
(1,090) 

═══════ 

(1,090) 
─────── 
(1,090) 
═══════ 

(-) 
─────── 

(1,090) 
═══════ 

(1,090) 
─────── 
(1,090) 
═══════ 

2,561 
(1,767) 
─────── 

794 

(3,104) 

─────── 

(2,310) 

- 

1 
(203) 
─────── 
(2,512) 

217 
─────── 
(2,295) 

═══════ 

(2,295) 
─────── 
(2,295) 
═══════ 

(-) 
─────── 

(2,295) 
═══════ 

(2,295) 
─────── 
(2,295) 
═══════ 

As per note 9, the loss for the year arises from the Group’s continuing operations. Losses Per Share were 0.9p (2022: loss 5.0p) and 
Diluted Losses Per Share were 0.9p (2022: loss 5.0p). 

The accompanying notes on pages 25 to 51 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

- 21 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTAQ PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Note 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Right-of-use assets 
Unlisted investments 
Intangible assets  

Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Income tax asset 
Inventories 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Deferred shares 
Share option reserve  
Merger relief reserve  
Reverse acquisition reserve 
Other reserve 
Revenue reserve 

Total equity 

Non-current liabilities 
Deferred tax 
Financial liabilities  
Lease liabilities  

Total non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Financial liabilities 
Deferred payment for acquisition 
Lease liabilities 

Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities  

Total equity and liabilities 

10 
11 
13 
12 

15 
16 
17 
18 

19 
19 
19 
25 
20 
20 
20 
20 

23 
24 
11 

22 
24 
21 
11 

633 
167 
511 
3,317 
─────── 
4,628 

1,299 
113 
810 
316 
─────── 
2,538 
─────── 
7,166 
═══════ 

1,281 
5,850 
5,286 
134 
9,154 
(6,777) 
400 
(10,053) 

582 
364 
511 
3,008 
─────── 
4,465 

689 
275 
937 
2,337 
─────── 
4,238 
─────── 
8,703 
═══════ 

1,278 
5,834 
5,286 
134 
9,154 
(6,777) 
400 
(8,963) 

─────── 
5,275 

─────── 
6,346 

- 
570 
42 
─────── 
612 

661 
484 
- 
134 
─────── 
1,279 
─────── 
1,891 
─────── 
7,166 
═══════ 

- 
1,054 
181 
─────── 
1,235 

503 
447 
- 
172 
─────── 
1,122 
─────── 
2,357 
─────── 
8,703 
═══════ 

The accompanying notes on pages 25 to 51 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. The financial statements 
were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 28th June 2024. The results of the parent company are included on 
pages 52 to 56. 
Signed on its behalf by J Dowds: 

Company number: 11429299 

- 22 -

     
OTAQ PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Note 

Share 
capital 
£’000 

Share 
premium 
£’000 

Deferred 
shares 
£’000 

Share 
option 
reserve 
£’000 

Merger 
relief 
reserve 
£’000 

Reverse 
acquisition 
reserve 
£’000 

Other 
reserve 
£’000 

Revenue 
reserve 
£’000 

Equity 
attributable to 
owners of the 
parent 
company 
£’000 

Total 
equity 
£’000 

Balance at 1 April 2022 

5,657 

3,280 

150

9,154 

(6,777) 

384 

(6,668) 

5,180 

5,180 

Loss for the period 
Exchange differences on translating foreign 
operations 
Total comprehensive expense for the period 

Sub-division and conversion of shares 
Issues of shares 
Transfer on exercised and cancelled options 

25 

Balance at 31 December 2022 

Balance at 1 January 2023 

Loss for the year 
Exchange differences on translating foreign 
operations 
Total comprehensive expense for the year 

Sub-division and conversion of shares 
Issues of shares 
Transfer on exercised and cancelled options 

19 
19 
25 

Balance at 31 December 2023 

- 

- 
- 

(5,286) 
907 
- 
──── 
1,278 
════ 
1,278 

- 

- 
- 

- 
3 
- 
──── 
1,281 
════ 

-

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

-
2,554 
- 
────── 
5,834 
══════ 
5,834 

5,286
- 
- 
────── 
5,286 
══════ 
5,286 

- 
- 
(16) 
────── 
134 
══════ 
134 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
9,154 
══════ 
9,154 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
(6,777) 
══════ 
(6,777) 

- 
- 
16 
────── 
400 
══════ 
400 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
16 
- 
────── 
5,850 
══════ 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
5,286 
══════ 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
134 
══════ 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
9,154 
══════ 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
(6,777) 
══════ 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
400 
══════ 

(2,295) 

- 
(2,295) 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
(8,963) 
══════ 
(8,963) 

(1,090) 

- 
(1,090) 

- 
- 
- 
────── 
(10,053) 
══════ 

(2,295) 

(2,295) 

- 
(2,295) 

- 
(2,295) 

1,338 
- 
20 
────── 
6,346 
══════ 
6,346 

1,338 
- 
20 
────── 
6,346 
══════ 
6,346 

(1,090) 

(1,090) 

- 
(1,090) 

- 
(1,090) 

- 
19 
- 
────── 
5,275 
══════ 

- 
19 
- 
────── 
5,275 
══════ 

- 23 -

OTAQ PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Operating loss  

Adjustments for non-cash/non-operating items: 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment  

Impairment of property, plant and equipment 

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment  

Depreciation of right-of-use assets 

Adjustment to right-of-use assets 

Loss on disposal of right-of-use assets 

Amortisation of intangible assets 

Impairment of intangible assets 

Changes in working capital: 
Decrease / (increase) in inventories 

Decrease / (increase) in trade and other receivables 

Increase in trade and other payables 

Cash from operations 

Taxation 

Net cash from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Purchases of tangible fixed assets 

Purchases of intangible assets 
Interest received 

Deferred payment of acquisition 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds on issue of shares  

Expenses of share issues 

Repayment of loans  

Principal element of lease payments 

Interest paid 

Net cash from financing activities 

Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

Note 

31 December 
 2023 
£’000 

31 December      

2022 
£’000 

(1,064) 

(2,310) 

10 

10 

5 

11 

11 

5 

12 

12 

10 

12 
7 

21 

11 

7 

24 

308 

- 

10 

168 

10 

19 

277 

- 
─────── 

(272) 

127 

(608) 

158 

304 

62 

6 

130 

181 

145 
─────── 

(1,482) 

245 

1,077 

(740) 

─────── 

─────── 

(595) 

289 
─────── 

(306) 

(900) 

17 
─────── 

(883) 

─────── 

─────── 

(367) 

(582) 
11 

- 

(35) 

(364) 
1 

(213) 

─────── 

─────── 

(938) 

(611) 

─────── 

─────── 

- 

- 

(447) 

(167) 

(163) 

─────── 
(777) 

─────── 

(2,021) 
2,337 

─────── 
316 
═══════ 

3,611 

(150) 

(312) 

(123) 

(203) 

─────── 
2,823 

─────── 

1,329 
1,008 

─────── 
2,337 
═══════ 

- 24 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTAQ PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

1. 

Reporting entity 

OTAQ plc (“the Company’’) and its subsidiaries (together, “the Group’’) develop, provide and support 
the technology for use in the aquaculture industry and offshore oil & gas industries. The principal activity 
of the Company  is that of  a holding company for the  Group as well  as performing all administrative, 
corporate finance, strategic and governance functions of the Group.  The Company is a public limited 
company, which is listed on the Aquis Stock Exchange and domiciled in England and incorporated and 
registered in England and Wales.  The address of its registered office is 8-3-4 Harpers Mill, South Road, 
White Cross, Lancaster, England, LA1 4XF. The registered number of the Company is 11429299.   

The principal accounting policies adopted by the Group and Company are set out in note 2. 

2. 

Accounting policies 

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements 
are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied unless otherwise stated.  

(a)  Basis of preparation 

The consolidated financial statements of OTAQ plc have been prepared in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards in conformity with the requirements UK-adopted International Accounting 
Standards  applicable  to  companies  reporting  under  IFRS  and  the  Companies  Act  2006.  The 
consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified 
for any financial assets which are stated at fair value through profit or loss. The consolidated financial 
statements of OTAQ plc are presented in pounds sterling, which is the presentation currency for the 
consolidated financial statements. The functional currency of each of the group entities is Sterling apart 
from OTAQ Chile SpA which is the Chilean Peso. Figures have been rounded to the nearest thousand. 

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also 
requires  management  to  exercise  its  judgement  in  the  process  of  applying  the  Group’s  accounting 
policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement and complexity, or areas where assumptions 
and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in note 3. 

The Group has taken advantage of the audit exemption for one of its subsidiaries, OTAQ Aquaculture 
Limited (company number SC498922) by virtue of s479A of the Companies Act 2006. The Group has 
provided a parent guarantee to this subsidiary which has taken advantage of the exemption from audit. 
The parent company has applied FRS101 in its entity statements.  

(b)  Basis of consolidation 

The Group’s financial statements consolidate the financial information of OTAQ  plc and the entities it 
controls (its subsidiaries) drawn up to 31 December each year. In years prior to 31 December 2022, the 
financial statements were drawn up to 31 March each year. The year end date was amended  on 16 
December 2022 in order to algin with investor expectations. All business combinations (except for the 
Hertsford Capital plc reverse takeover on 31 March 2020 which used the merger accounting method) 
are accounted for by applying the acquisition method as at the acquisition date, which is the date on 
which control is transferred to the Group.  

The Group measures goodwill at the acquisition date as: 
- 
- 
- 
- 

the fair value of the consideration transferred; plus  
the recognised amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree; plus 
the fair value of the existing equity interest in the acquiree; less 
the net recognised amount (generally fair value) of the identifiable  assets acquired and  liabilities 
assumed. 

Transaction costs related to the acquisition, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity 
securities, that the Group incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.  

- 25 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All subsidiaries are entities in which the Group owns sufficient share capital and has sufficient voting 
rights in order to govern the financial and operating policies. The percentage holdings of the Company 
in  its  subsidiaries  is  set  out  in  note  14.  The  subsidiaries  have  been  fully  consolidated  from  the  date 
control passed. All intra–group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between 
Group companies are eliminated on consolidation. The accounting policies of subsidiaries are amended 
where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.   

(c) 

Foreign currency transactions 
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency by applying the spot 
rate  ruling  at  the  date  of  the  transaction.  Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign 
currencies are retranslated at the functional currency rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. All 
differences are taken to the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income.  

(d)  Going Concern 

The Group is developing new products for its core markets in Offshore and Aquaculture as well as the 
new Geotracking division. The Group has invested heavily in the development and procurement of these 
products and has achieved this through use of its cash reserves as well as the funds received following 
the share issue in November 2022. As at 31 December 2023, the Group had cash and cash equivalents 
of £316,000.  

The Group has conditionally raised £1.7m by way of Placing Convertible Loan Notes as disclosed in the 
circular to shareholders dated 26 June 2024, providing the funding to allow the Group to continue it’s 
product development as well as providing working capital required until the forecasted growth makes 
the  Group  cash  generative.  A  broker  option  for  up  to  a  further  £1m  Broker  Option  Convertible  Loan 
Notes has also been agreed. The Placing commitments are legally binding, and funds will be available 
on 12th July subject only to shareholder approval at the general meeting on 12th July. The Directors and 
broker, having canvassed the % of shareholders required to pass the resolutions, are highly confident 
of success at the general meeting and hence believe the funding will complete as planned. 

The directors have prepared and reviewed the Group’s funding requirements over the next 18 months 
and are confident that with the proceeds of the Placing the Group has sufficient financial resources to 
meet its financial commitments and strategic objectives. The forecasts generated by the Group, which 
cover  the  period  to  January  2026  and  have  been  modelled  for  reductions  in  anticipated  revenue, 
demonstrate  sufficient  ongoing  demand  to  satisfy  liabilities  as  they  fall  due.  For  these  reasons  the 
directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing Group’s financial statements. As the 
shareholder  resolutions  required  are  outside  the  control  of  the  directors,  the  funding  cannot  be 
considered certain. These conditions are necessarily considered to represent a material uncertainty that 
may cast significant doubt over the Group’s and the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
It nevertheless remains appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis and 
the financial statements do not include any adjustments that would result from that basis of preparation 
being inappropriate. 

(e) 

(f) 

Functional and presentational currency 
The  financial  statements  are  presented  in  pounds  sterling,  which  is  the  Group’s  functional  and 
presentation currency. All financial information presented has been rounded to the nearest thousand. 

Segmental reporting 
An operating segment is a component of an entity that engages in business activities from which it may 
earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity's chief 
operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess 
its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available. Segmental information is set 
out in note 4. 

(g)  Revenue recognition 

Revenue  is  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  or  receivable  and  represents 
amounts  receivable  for  goods  and  services  provided  in  the  normal  course  of  business,  net  of  sales 
related taxes.  

Revenue related to sales of stock is recognised when goods are dispatched and the title and control 
over a product have passed to the customer, in accordance with agreed delivery terms. 

Revenue  under  service  contracts  is  recognised  over  the  period  in  which  the  performance  obligation 
relating to the agreed contract are satisfied. For rentals of the Group’s assets, revenue is recognised on 

- 26 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a  monthly  basis  based  on  the  agreed  rate  and  number  of  days  for  which  the  asset  is  on  hire  to  the 
customer. Some contractual revenue is invoiced in advance and gives rise to a contract liability which 
is recognised as deferred income.  

(h) 

Leases 
The Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of the contract. The Group 
recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease arrangements 
in which it is the lessee, except for short-term leases (defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months 
or less) and leases of low value assets (such as tablets and personal computers, small items of office 
furniture and telephones). For these leases, the Group recognises the lease payments as an operating 
expense  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the  lease  unless  another  systematic  basis  is  more 
representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased assets are consumed. 
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at 
the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily 
determined, the lessee uses its incremental borrowing rate. 

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise: 

-  Fixed lease payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; 
-  Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate 

at the commencement date; 

-  The amount expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees; 
-  The exercise price of purchase options, if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise the options;  
-  Payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the exercise of an option 

to terminate the lease. 

The lease liability is presented as a separate line in the statement of financial position. The lease liability 
is  subsequently  measured  by  increasing  the  carrying  amount  to  reflect  interest  on  the  lease  liability 
(using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments 
made.  

The Group remeasures the lease liability (and makes a corresponding adjustment to the related right-
of-use asset) whenever: 

-  The lease term has changed or there is a significant event or change in circumstances resulting in 
a change in the assessment of exercise of a purchase option, in which case the lease liability is 
remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate; 

-  The lease payments change due to changes in an index or rate or a change in expected payment 
under a guaranteed residual value, in which cases the lease liability is remeasured by discounting 
the revised lease payments using an unchanged discount rate (unless the lease payments change 
is due to a change in a floating interest rate, in which case a revised discount rate is used); and 
-  A lease contract is modified and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, in 
which case the lease liability is remeasured based on the lease term of the modified lease by 
discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate at the effective date of the 
modification. 

The Group did not make any such adjustments during the periods presented. 

The  right-of-use  assets  comprise  the  initial  measurement  of  the  corresponding  lease  liability,  lease 
payments made at or before the commencement day, less any lease incentives received and any initial 
direct costs. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment 
losses. 

Whenever the Group incurs an obligation for costs to dismantle and remove a leased asset, restore the 
site on which it is  located  or restore the  underlying  asset to the condition required by  the terms  and 
conditions of the lease, a provision is recognised and measured under IAS 37. To the extent that the 
costs relate to a right-of-use asset, the costs are included in the related right-of-use asset, unless those 
costs are incurred to produce inventories. 

Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the underlying 
asset. If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects 

- 27 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
that the Group expects to exercise a purchase option, the related right-of-use asset is depreciated over 
the useful life of the underlying asset.  

The depreciation starts at the commencement date of the lease. The right-of-use assets are presented 
as a separate line in the statement of financial position. 

The Group applies IAS 36 to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for any 
identified impairment loss as described in the ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ policy. Variable rents that 
do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement of the lease liability and the 
right-of-use asset. The related payments are recognised as an expense in the period in which the event 
or condition that triggers those payments occurs and are included in ‘Administrative expenses’ in profit 
or loss. 

As a practical expedient, IFRS 16 permits a lessee not to separate non-lease components, and instead 
account for any lease and associated non-lease components as a single arrangement. The Group has 
not used this practical expedient.  

(i) 

(j) 

Finance expense 
Finance expense comprises interest expense on borrowings. All borrowing costs are recognised using 
the effective interest method. 

Income tax 
Income  tax  expense  comprises  current  and  deferred  tax.  Income  tax  expense  is  recognised  in  the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive income except to the extent that it relates to items recognised 
directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount 
expected to be recovered from or paid to, the tax authorities.  The tax rates and tax laws used to compute 
the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. 
Deferred income tax is recognised on all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets 
and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements with the following exceptions: 
-  where the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or liability 
in a transaction that is not a business combination, that at the time of the transaction affects neither 
accounting nor taxable profit nor loss; and 
in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries where the 
timing  of  the  reversal  of  the  temporary  differences  can  be  controlled  and  it  is  probable  that  the 
temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

- 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured on an undiscounted basis using the tax rates 
and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the date and which are expected to 
apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised, or the deferred tax liability is settled. 
Deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will 
be available against which differences can be utilised. An asset is not recognised to the extent that the 
transfer or economic benefits in the future is uncertain. 

Amounts due under the HMRC Research and Development tax credit scheme are accounted for based 
on the amount of qualifying expenditure in the year and assuming 21% of the claim is paid in cash once 
applicable losses and future profitability have been reviewed.  

(l) 

Property, plant and equipment 
Property,  plant  and  equipment  assets  are  recognised  initially  at  cost.    After  initial  recognition,  these 
assets are carried at cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.  
Cost comprises both the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to 
acquire the asset, and includes costs directly attributable to making the asset capable of operating as 
intended.  

Depreciation is computed by allocating the depreciable amount of an asset on a systematic basis over 
its useful life and is applied separately to each identifiable component. 
The following bases and rates are used to depreciate classes of assets: 

Systems for rental  -    straight line over 4 years 
Plant and equipment  
Motor vehicles 

-    straight line over 2 to 5 years 
-    straight line over 3 years 

- 28 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The carrying values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment if events or changes 
in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  value  may  not  be  recoverable  and  are  written  down 
immediately to their recoverable amount. Useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually and 
where adjustments are required these are made prospectively. 

All  property,  plant  and  equipment  items  are  de-recognised  on  disposal,  or  when  no  future  economic 
benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the de-
recognition of the asset is included in the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the period 
of de-recognition. 

(m) 

Intangible assets 
Intangible assets acquired either as part of a business combination or from contractual or other legal 
rights are recognised separately from goodwill, provided they are separable and their fair value can be 
measured reliably.  This includes the costs associated with acquiring and registering patents in respect 
of intellectual property rights. Trademarks are assessed on recognising fair value of assets acquired by 
calculating the future net book value of expected cash flows.  

Development  costs  are  also  charged  to  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  in  the  year  of 
expenditure, except when individual projects satisfy the following criteria: 

the project is clearly defined and related expenditure is separately identifiable; 
the project is technically feasible and commercially viable;  
current and future costs will be exceeded by future sales; and 

• 
• 
• 
•  adequate resources exist for the project to be completed. 

Where  intangible  assets  recognised  have  finite  lives,  after  initial  recognition  their  carrying  value  is 
amortised on a straight-line basis over those lives. Development costs are amortised once the project 
to which they relate is viewed to be completed and capable of generating revenue. Once a project is 
completed, any further costs are charged to the statement of comprehensive income.   The nature of 
those intangibles recognised and their estimated useful lives are as follows: 

Intellectual property licence  - 
Development costs  
Trademarks 

- 
- 

straight line over 4 years 

straight line over 6 years 
straight line over 8 years 

Goodwill  is  recognised  when  the  purchase  price  of  a  business  exceeds  the  fair  value  of  the  assets 
acquired. Goodwill is subject to annual impairment reviews.  

(n) 

Impairment of assets 
At each reporting date the Group reviews the carrying value of its plant, equipment and intangible assets 
to determine whether there is an indication that these assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any 
such indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group makes an 
assessment of the asset’s recoverable amount. 

An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s fair value less costs 
to sell and its value in use and is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate 
cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups  of assets. Where the 
carrying  value  of  an  asset  exceeds  its  recoverable  amount,  the  asset  is  considered  impaired  and  is 
written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are 
discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments 
of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of 
disposal, an appropriate valuation model is used, these calculations corroborated by valuation multiples, 
or other available fair value indicators.  Impairment losses on continuing operations are recognised in 
the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income in those expense categories consistent with the 
function of the impaired asset. 

An  assessment  is  made  at  each  reporting  date  as  to  whether  there  is  any  indication  that  previously 
recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased.  If such indication exists, 
the recoverable amount is estimated.  A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there 
has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last 
impairment loss was recognised.  If that is the case the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its 
recoverable amount.  That increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been 
determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.  

- 29 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Such reversal is recognised in the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income unless the asset 
is carried at re-valued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a valuation increase.   

After such a reversal the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset’s revised 
carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life. 

(o) 

(p) 

Inventories 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost based on latest contractual 
prices  includes  all  costs  incurred  in  bringing  each  product  to  its  present  location  and  condition.  Net 
realisable value is based on estimated selling price less any further costs expected to be incurred to 
disposal. Provision is made for slow-moving or obsolete items if they are deemed to be no longer usable 
or sellable.  

Financial instruments 
A  financial  asset  or  financial  liability  is  initially  measured  at  fair  value.  For  an  item  not  at  fair  value, 
adjustments to fair value are made through profit and loss (FVTPL) including transaction costs that are 
directly  attributable  to  its  acquisition  or issue.  A  trade  receivable  without  a  significant  financing 
component is initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost. 

Financial assets  
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: amortised cost; fair value through 
other  comprehensive  income  (FVOCI)  –  debt  investment;  FVOCI  –  equity  investment;  or  FVTPL. 
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Group changes its 
business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified 
on the first day of the first reporting period following the change in the business model. 

The  Group  has  only  financial  assets  measured  at  amortised  cost.  A  financial  asset  is  measured  at 
amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL: 

- 
- 

it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows;  
its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal 
and interest on the principal amount outstanding. 

Financial assets – Business model assessment 
The Group makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is 
held at portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is 
provided to management. The information considered includes: 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. 
These include whether management’s strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, 
maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the 
duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realising cash flows through the sale 
of the assets; 
how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Company’s management;  
the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within 
that business model) and how those risks are managed; 
how managers of the business are compensated – e.g. whether compensation is based on the 
fair value of the assets managed or the contractual cash flows collected; and 
the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such 
sales and expectations about future sales activity.  

Financial  assets:  Assessment  whether  contractual  cash  flows  are  solely  payments  of  principal  and 
interest 
For the purposes of this assessment, ‘principal’ is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial 
recognition.  ‘Interest’  is  defined  as  consideration  for  the  time  value  of  money  and  for  the  credit  risk 
associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic 
lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin. 

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Group 
considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset 
contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that 
it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Group considers: 

- 
- 

contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;  
terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable-rate features; 

- 30 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
- 
- 

prepayment and extension features; and 
terms that limit the Group’s claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features). 

Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured fair value. The amortised cost is reduced 
by  impairment  losses.  Interest  income,  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  and  impairment  are 
recognised  in  the  income  statement.  Any  gain  or  loss  on  derecognition  is  recognised  in  the  income 
statement. 

Financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered 
into. Financial liabilities, including trade and other payables and bank loans are initially recognised at 
transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument 
is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Debt 
instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.  

Trade payables are obligations to  pay for goods or services that have been acquired in  the  ordinary 
course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is 
due  within  one  year  or  less.  If  not,  they  are  presented  as  non-current  liabilities.  Trade  payables  are 
recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method. 

Derecognition of financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities are derecognised when, and only when, the company’s obligations are discharged, 
cancelled, or they expire. 

(q)  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at hand and deposits with maturities of three months or less 
from the date of acquisition. Foreign balances are revalued with any gain or loss adjusted. 

(r) 

Provisions 
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of 
a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required 
to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The expense 
relating to any provision is presented in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, net of 
any expected reimbursement, but only where recoverability of such reimbursement is virtually certain.   

Provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, where appropriate, the risk specific 
to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is 
recognised as a finance cost.  

(s) 

Share capital and premium 
Proceeds on issue of shares are included in shareholders’ equity, net of transaction costs.  The carrying 
amount is not re-measured in subsequent years. The proceeds of the issue of shares up to the nominal 
ordinary share value of 15p are included in share capital with the balance of the proceeds, net of relevant 
transaction costs, included in the share premium 

(t) 

Share option reserve  
The cost of issuing share options is calculated using the Black-Scholes method and are included in the 
share option reserve until the share options are exercised, lapsed or cancelled.  

(u)  Unlisted Investments 

Unlisted  investments  are  stated  at  fair  value  with  adjustments  made  following  annualised  fair  value 
reviews through impairment charges. 

(v)  Defined contribution pension scheme 

The  Group  operates  a  defined  contribution  pension  scheme.  The  assets  of  the  scheme  are  held 
separately  from  those  of  the  Group  in  an  independently  administered  fund.  The  amounts  charged 
against profits represent the contributions payable to the scheme in respect of the accounting period. 

- 31 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(w)  New and amended standards adopted by the Group 

The following new accounting standards, interpretations and amendments to existing standards have 
been published and are mandatory for the accounting period beginning on 1 January 2023. 
•     Amendments to IAS 1: Disclosure of Accounting Policies (Effective 1 January 2023). 
•     Amendments to IAS 8: Definition of Accounting Estimates (Effective 1 January 2023). 
•    Amendments to IAS 12: Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single 
Transaction (Effective 1 January 2023). 

The new and amended standards adopted by the Group in the year have not resulted in any impact in 
the current financial statements.  

Standards which are in issue but not yet effective 
At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following standards and interpretations, 
which have not yet been applied in these financial statements, were in issue but not yet effective:  
•     Amendments to IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements (Effective 1 January 2024) 
•     Amendments to IFRS 16: Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback (Effective 1 January 2024). 
The Group does not consider that any other standards, amendments or interpretations issued by the 
IASB, but not yet applicable, will have a significant impact on the financial statements. 

3. 

Use of estimates and judgements  

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgements that 
affect the amounts reported for assets and liabilities as at the reporting date and the amounts reported 
for revenues and expenses during the year.  The nature of estimation means that actual amounts could 
differ  from  those  estimates.    Estimates  and  judgements  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial 
statements are continually reviewed and revised as necessary. While every effort is made to ensure that 
such  estimates  and  judgements  are  reasonable,  by  their  nature  they  are  uncertain  and,  as  such, 
changes in estimates and judgements may have a material impact on the financial statements. The key 
sources  of  judgement  and  estimation  uncertainty  that  have  a  significant  risk  of  causing  material 
adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed 
below. 

Taxation 
Management  judgement  is  required  to  determine  the  amount  of  tax  assets  that  can  be  recognised, 
based upon the likely timing and level of future taxable profits together with an assessment of the effect 
of future tax planning strategies. The carrying value of the unrecognised deferred tax asset for tax losses 
and other timing differences at 31 December 2023 was £1,337,000 (2022: £995,000). The value of the 
deferred tax liability at the period-end is nil (2022: nil). Further information is included in notes 8 and 23.  

Useful Economic Life of assets and impairment 
Judgements are required as to the useful economic life of systems for rental assets. Further information 
on all useful economic lives of assets is included in notes 2(l) and 10. 

Development costs 
Management judgement is required to determine the appropriate value of an asset as well as when an 
asset should be recognised. The value of the recognised asset is written off over the useful economic 
life  of  the  asset.  These  judgements  are  based  upon  the  likely  timing  and  level  of  future  revenues. 
Development costs are periodically and at least annually assessed for impairment and costs are written-
off if the project to which they relate is no longer considered to be commercially viable. The value of the 
development  costs  capitalised  at  31  December  2023  was  £1,967,000  (2022:  £1,538,000).  Further 
information is included in note 12. 

Goodwill impairment 
Judgements are required as to the useful economic life of goodwill. These judgements are based upon 
the  likely  future  benefits  that  will  be  derived  from  the  recognised  goodwill.  Further  information  on  all 
useful economic lives of assets is included in notes 2(l) and 12. 

- 32 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 

Segmental information  

The directors review segmental information at a revenue, gross margin, salary and operating cost level 
but do not review the balance sheet by segments.  

A segment is a distinguishable component of the Group’s activities from which it may earn revenue and 
incur  expenses,  whose  operating  results  are  regularly  reviewed  by  the  Group’s  chief  operational 
decision makers to make decisions about the allocation of resources and assessment of performance 
and  about  which  discrete  financial  information  is  available.  In  identifying  its  operating  segments, 
management generally follows the Group’s service line which represent the main products and services 
provided by the Group.  

The directors believe that the Group operates in three primary segments being the sale and supply of 
rental  systems  to  the  Aquaculture  industry,  the  manufacture,  rental  and  sale  of  underwater 
measurement devices, leak detection devices and underwater communication devices in the Offshore 
market and the manufacture and sale of Geotracking devices (Technology).   

All  of  the  Group’s  revenue  have  been  generated  from  continuing  operations,  are  from  external 
customers and relates to point-in-time revenue recognised when the product or service is delivered. 

Analysis of revenue  
Amounts earned from Aquaculture rentals and sales  
Amounts earned from Offshore rentals and sales 
Amounts earned from Technology  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December  
2022 
£’000 

1,146 
3,216 
45 
─────── 
4,407 
═══════ 

882 
1,620 
59 
─────── 
2,561 
═══════ 

There are no material customers included within revenue (2022, none).  

Analysis of gross profit 
Amounts earned from Aquaculture rentals and sales 
Amounts earned from Offshore rentals and sales 
Amounts earned from Technology  

31 December  
2023 
£’000 

31 December  
2022 
£’000 

408 
1,804 
(15) 
─────── 
2,197 
═══════ 

(114) 
880 
28 
─────── 
794 
═══════ 

The Group operates in six main geographic areas, although all are managed in the UK. The Group’s 
revenue per geographical segment based on the customer’s location is as follows: 

Revenue   
UK  
Chile   
Asia 
Europe (excluding UK)  
North America 
Rest of the World 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December  
2022 
£’000 

1,942 
182 
386 
671 
1,018 
208 
─────── 
4,407 
═══════ 

1,290 
137 
293 
354 
403 
84 
─────── 
2,561 
═══════ 

The Group’s assets are located in the UK and  Chile and although some of its tangible assets, in the 
form of systems for rental, are located in Chile, all are owned by the company or its subsidiaries. 

- 33 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. 

Operating loss 

Operating loss is stated after charging/(crediting): 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (see note 10)  
Depreciation of right-of-use assets (see note 11) 
Impairment of property, plant and equipment (see note 10) 
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets (see note 12) 
Research and development costs 
Exceptional costs 
Loss on disposal of right-of-use assets 
Loss on disposal of assets 
Net foreign exchange (gains) / losses  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

308 
168 
- 
277 
- 
- 
19 
10 
(12) 
─────── 

304 
130 
62 
326 
1 
1,230 
- 
6 
(37) 
─────── 

Exceptional costs relate to one-off and non-recurring costs primarily professional fees incurred in relation  
to fund raising activities and the exit of the Scottish acoustic deterrent device market in Scotland.   

  Auditor remuneration   

Audit services: 
Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for the audit of the Group 
and Company annual accounts   
Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for the audit of the 
Company’s subsidiaries 

  31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

56 

- 

22 

26 

─────── 
56 
═══════ 

─────── 
48 
═══════ 

6. 

Staff costs and numbers  

The average monthly number of employees (including executive directors) for the continuing operations 
was: 

Directors 
Administration  
Engineering  
Manufacturing  

31 December 
2023 
No. 

31 December 
2022 
No. 

3 
13 
14 
15 
─────── 
45 
═══════ 

3 
14 
8 
18 
─────── 
43 
═══════ 

- 34 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Staff costs for the Group during the year including executive directors: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other pension costs 
Other employee benefit costs 

         Directors’ remuneration 

Directors’ emoluments 
Company contributions to defined contribution pension 
schemes 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

2,069 
211 
61 
69 
─────── 
2,410 
═══════ 

1,562 
167 
42 
- 
─────── 
1,771 
═══════ 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

522 
18 

329 
11 

─────── 
540 
═══════ 

─────── 
340 
═══════ 

Directors’ emoluments (excluding social security costs but including benefits in kind) disclosed above 
includes £187,000 paid to the highest paid director (2022: £132,382). 

The Group operates a defined contribution pension scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of 
the  scheme  are  held  separately  from  those  of  the  Group  in  independently  administered  funds. 
Retirement benefits are accruing to 3 directors (2022: 3). 

The charge to the statement of comprehensive income in respect of defined contribution schemes was 
£61,000 (2022: £37,000). Contributions totalling £10,700 (2022: £9,000) were payable to the fund at the 
year-end and are included in creditors. 

7. 

Net finance costs  

Finance income  
Bank interest received 

Total finance income 

Finance costs  
Lease interest payable 
Unwinding of discount on deferred acquisition payment 
Bank and loan interest payable 

Total finance costs  

Net finance costs  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

11 
─────── 
11 
─────── 

1 
─────── 
1 
─────── 

(24) 
- 
(139) 
─────── 
(163) 
─────── 

(5) 
(62) 
(136) 
─────── 
(203) 
─────── 

(152)  
═══════ 

(202)  
═══════ 

- 35 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. 

Taxation  

The tax credit is made up as follows: 

Current income tax: 
Adjustments in respect of prior year 
Research and development income tax credit 
receivable 

Total current income tax  

Deferred tax expense: 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

Tax credit per statement of comprehensive income 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

(14) 
(112) 

(18) 
(119) 

─────── 
(126) 
─────── 

─────── 
(137) 
─────── 

- 
─────── 

(80) 
─────── 

(126) 
═══════ 

(217) 
═══════ 

The tax charge differs from the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% for the year ended 31 
December  2023  (19%  for  the  9  months  ended  31  December  2022).    The  differences  are  explained 
below: 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

Loss on ordinary activities before taxation   

(1,216) 

(2,512) 

UK tax credit at standard rate of 23.52% (2022: 19%) 
Effects of: 
Fixed assets timing differences 
Expenses not deductible for tax  
Additional deduction for R&D expenditure 
Surrender of tax losses for R&D tax credit 
Adjustments in respect of prior year  
Prior year losses utilised 
Deferred tax not recognised  

Total taxation credit 

(213) 

- 
1 
(120) 
125 
(5) 
- 
86 
─────── 
(126) 
═══════ 

(477) 

(80) 
77 
(119) 

(18) 
- 
400 
─────── 
(217) 
═══════ 

The  Group  has  accumulated  losses  available  to  carry  forward  against  future  trading  profits.  The 
estimated value of the deferred tax asset measured at a standard rate of 25% (2022: 19%) is £1,337,000 
(2022: £995,000), of which £nil (2022: £nil) has been recognised, as it is not certain that future taxable 
profits will be available against which the unused tax losses can be utilised.  

The Group has not recognised a deferred tax liability in the year as it is covered by accumulated losses 
(2022: £nil). 

From  1  April  2023  the  corporation  tax  rate  was  increased  to  25%.  The  deferred  tax  balance  on  31 
December 2023 has been calculated based on the rate as at the balance sheet date of 25%.  

- 36 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.  Losses per share 

Basic earnings or losses per share are calculated by dividing the loss or profit after tax attributable to the 
equity holders of the Group by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.  

Diluted earnings or losses per share are calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of shares 
outstanding to assume conversion of all potential dilutive shares, namely share options. The calculation of 
earnings or losses per share is based on the following losses and number of shares.  

A reconciliation is set out below. 

Loss for the year attributable to owners of the Group 
Weighted average number of shares: 
- Basic 
- Diluted* 
Basic losses per share (pence) 
Diluted losses per share (pence)* 

Weighted average number of shares: 
- Basic 
- Diluted 

Adjusted basic losses per share (pence) 
Adjusted diluted losses per share (pence) 

2023 
£’000 

(1,090) 

127,980,142 
127,980,142 
(0.9) 
(0.9) 

2022 
£’000 

(2,295) 

49,659,304 
49,659,304 
(5.0) 
(5.0) 

127,980,142 
 127,980,142 

49,659,304 
 49,659,304 

(0.9) 
(0.9) 

(5.0) 
(5.0) 

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares 
outstanding  to  assume  conversion  of  all  dilutive  potential  ordinary  shares.  The  Company  has  share 
options that are dilutive potential ordinary shares.  

*These shares are not considered dilutive because they decrease the loss per share. 

- 37 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.  Property, plant and equipment 

Systems 
for rental 
£’000 

Plant and 
equipment  
£’000 

Motor 
vehicles   
£’000 

Total 
£’000 

COST 
At 31 March 2022 
Additions  
Disposals 
At 31 December 2022 
Adjustment 
Additions  
Disposals 

At 31 December 2023 

DEPRECIATION  
At 31 March 2022 
Depreciation charge for period 
Disposals 
Impairment for year 
At 31 December 2022 
Adjustment 
Depreciation charge for year 
Disposals 

At 31 December 2023 

NET BOOK VALUE 
At 31 December 2023 

At 31 December 2022 

87 
1 
(9) 
79 

413 
11 
(6) 
418 

2,958 
23 
(348) 
2,633 
3 
343 
(837) 

3,458 
35 
(363) 
3,130 
3 
367 
(873) 
───────  ───────  ───────  ─────── 
2,627 
───────  ───────  ───────  ─────── 

24 
(32) 

0 
(4) 

2,142 

410 

75 

60 
15 
(6) 
- 
69 

213 
71 
(3) 
- 
281 
(2) 
68 
(28) 

2,266 
218 
(348) 
62 
2,198 
3 
230 
(831) 

2,539 
304 
(357) 
62 
2,548 
1 
308 
(863) 
───────  ───────  ───────  ─────── 
1,994 
───────  ───────  ───────  ─────── 

10 
(4) 

1,600 

319 

75 

91 

542 

633 
═══════  ═══════  ═══════  ═══════ 
582 
═══════  ═══════  ═══════  ═══════ 

137 

435 

10 

- 

Depreciation charges in relation to Systems for rental are included in cost of sale. All other depreciation is 
included in administrative expenses.  

Impairment charges for the previous year relate to Sealfence rental systems returned from customers. The 
impairment review performed has been carried out on an individual asset basis, being the smallest group of 
assets contributing to future economic benefits.  

- 38 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11.  Leases 

 Right-of-use assets 

Cost 
At 31 March 2022 
Additions 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2022 
Additions 
Disposals 
Adjustment 

At 31 December 2023 

Accumulated depreciation 
At 31 March 2022 
Charge for the period 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2022 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Adjustment 

At 31 December 2023 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2023 

At 31 December 2022 

  Buildings and 
facilities 
£’000 

Motor 
vehicles 

£’000 

517 
60 
(52) 
525 
- 
(14) 
(6) 
────── 
505 
────── 

201 
96 
(52) 
245 
127 
(14) 
2 
────── 
360 
────── 

177 
- 
- 
177 
- 
(43) 
1 
────── 
135 
────── 

59 
34 
- 
93 
41 
(24) 
3 
────── 
113 
────── 

 Total 
  £’000 

694 
60 
(52) 
702 
- 
(57) 
(5) 
────── 
640 
────── 

260 
130 
(52) 
338 
168 
(38) 
5 
────── 
473 
────── 

145 
══════ 
280 
══════ 

22 
══════ 
84 
══════ 

167 
══════ 
364 
══════ 

The  Group  leases  several  assets  including  buildings  and  facilities  as  well  as  motor  vehicles  acquired 
during the year. The  average lease term  by asset is 3.6 years (2022: 3.5 years). This term, excluding 
Motor Vehicles, include some extension rights, which the Group is may or may not exercise. 

Amounts recognised in profit and loss: 

Depreciation expense on right-of-use assets 
Interest expense (included in finance cost)   

31 December 
2023 
£’000 
168 
24 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 
130 
6 

The total cash outflow for leases amount to £167,000 (2022: £123,000). 

- 39 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lease liabilities 

A maturity analysis of lease liabilities based on discounted gross cash flows is reported in the table below: 

Year 1 
Year 2 
Year 3 
Interest costs 

Total lease liabilities 

Due within one year 
Due in over one year 

Total lease liabilities 

All lease obligations are denominated in pounds sterling. 

31 December 
 2023 
£’000 

31 December 
 2022 
£’000 

134 
42 
- 
- 
─────── 
176 
═══════ 

180 
137 
53 
(17) 
─────── 
353 
═══════ 

31 December 
 2023 
£’000 

31 December 
 2022 
£’000 

134 
42 
─────── 
176 
═══════ 

172 
181 
─────── 
353 
═══════ 

12. 

Intangible assets  

Goodwill   Trademarks  

IP licence   Development 
costs 
£’000 

£’000 

Total intangible 
assets 
£’000 

Cost 
At 31 March 2022  
Additions  
Disposals 
At 31 December 2022  
Adjustment 
Additions  

At 31 December 2023 

Amortisation 
At 31 March 2022 
Charge for the period 
Impairments 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2022 
Charge for the year 
Adjustment 

At 31 December 2023 

Net Book Value 
At 31 December 2023 

At 31 December 2022 

£’000 

1,059 
- 

1,059 

- 
────── 
1,059 
────── 

28 
- 
- 
- 
28 
- 
- 
────── 
28 
────── 
────── 

1,031 
────── 
1,031 
══════ 

£’000 

515 
- 

515 

428 
- 

428 

- 

- 
───────  ─────── 
428 
───────  ─────── 

515 

193 
48 
- 
- 
241 
65 
- 

222 
41 
- 
- 
263 
57 
(2) 
───────  ─────── 
318 
───────  ─────── 
───────  ─────── 

306 

209 

110 
───────  ─────── 
165 
══════ 

274 
══════ 

2,014 
364 
(206) 
2,172 
20 
582 
─────── 
2,774 
  ───────  

603 
92 
145 
(206) 
634 
155 
18 
─────── 
807 
─────── 
─────── 

1,967 
─────── 
1,538 
══════ 

4,016 
364 
(206) 
4,174 
20 
582 
─────── 
4,776 
─────── 

1,046 
181 
145 
(206) 
1,166 
277 
16 
─────── 
1,459 
─────── 
─────── 

3,317 
─────── 
3,008 
═══════ 

- 40 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill relates to the acquisition of MarineSense Limited  (now part of the Offshore cash generating 
unit) of £611,000 and the acquisition of Link Subsea Limited (now part of the Offshore cash generating 
unit) of £420,000. Impairment calculations are reviewed bi-annually to ensure goodwill is valued fairly.  

Discounted  cash  flow  modelling  is  undertaken  based  on  forecast  future  revenues  and  costs  and  the 
values compared to the value of goodwill recognised with any required adjustments made accordingly. 
The  discounted  cash  flow  modelling  shows  significant  headroom  in  the  forecast  future  values  of  the 
business units relating to Goodwill compared to the carrying values of Goodwill. Forecast future values 
were  assessed  over  three  years  with  recoverable  amounts  determined  by  considering  value  in  use, 
budgeted growth rates were assumed and 10% was used as the modelling discount rates. Sensitivity 
analysis was performed with zero growth and 50% uplift in discount rate to ensure this would not result 
in the recoverable amounts being less than the carrying amount of Goodwill.   

IP license costs mostly pertain to the intellectual property acquired as a part the acquisition of assets 
and liabilities of ROS Technology Limited, which took place in November 2020. The Group elected to 
apply the optional concentration test, which resulted in a conclusion that the acquisition is not a business 
combination  on  the  basis  that  substantially  all  of  the  fair  value  of  the  gross  assets  acquired  is 
concentrated in a group of similar identifiable assets. Therefore, this acquisition was accounted as an 
asset acquisition (i.e. outside the scope of IFRS 3). The remaining useful life of this asset is 1.9 years 
(2022: 2.9 years). 

Development costs primarily relate to the development of the Group’s new products which involve the 
utilisation internal salary costs and purchase of external materials for the development of prototypes.  

13.  Unlisted investments 

Unlisted equity securities 
Additions in the year 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

511 
- 
─────── 
511 
═══════ 

511 
- 
─────── 
511 
═══════ 

Unlisted  equity  securities  pertain  to  13.9%  of  ordinary  share  capital  of  Minnowtech  LLC  and  10%  of 
ordinary share capital of Blue Lions Labs Ltd which are both held directly by OTAQ Group Limited. 

The directors consider that the carrying amount of unlisted equity securities approximates to their fair 
value based on level 2 inputs for both investments which include indicative third-party valuations of the 
investments and internal valuation models provided by the investments themselves based on forecasts. 
Based on this information, no impairment is required at the reporting date. 

- 41 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14.  Subsidiaries of the Group 

The principal subsidiaries of the Group at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 are as follows: 

Subsidiary undertakings  

Country of 
incorporation  

Principal activity 

Class of 
shares held  

% Held 

OTAQ Group Limited 1 

England  

Manufacturing 

Ordinary 

100% direct 

OTAQ Aquaculture Limited2 

Scotland 

Fish farm security  

Ordinary 

100% indirect 

OTAQ Chile SpA* 3 

Chile 

Sales 

Ordinary 

100% indirect 

OTAQ Connectors Limited 1 

England  

OTAQ Offshore Limited 2 

OceanSense Limited2 

OTAQ Australia PTY4 

Scotland 

Scotland 

Australia  

Dormant 

Dormant 

Dormant 

Sales 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

100% indirect 

100% indirect 

100% indirect 

100% indirect 

*OTAQ Chile SpA has a year-end date of 31 December in order to comply with the requirements of the 
Chilean authorities.  

1 Registered office address: 8-3-4 Harpers Mill, South Road, White Cross, Lancaster, England, LA1 4XF 
2 Registered office address: Crombie Lodge, Aberdeen Innovation Park, Campus 2, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB22 8GU 
3 Registered office address: Pacheco Altamarino 2875, Puerto Montt, Chile 
4 Registered office address: 12 Belar Avenue, Terrigal, New South Wales 2260, Australia 

15.  Trade and other receivables 

Current: 
Trade receivables – gross claim value 
Provision for impairment of trade receivables 
Prepayments 
Other  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

1,167 
(9) 
112 
29 
─────── 
1,299 
═══════ 

377 
(9) 
125 
196 
─────── 
689 
═══════ 

Trade receivables  are  non-interest bearing  and are generally  due and paid within 30 to 60  days.  As 
trade  receivables  are  short-term,  the  simplified  approach  under  IFRS  9  applies  as  the  credit  risk 
exposure  period  is  unlikely  to  have  a  significant  change  in  economic  conditions.  Trade  and  other 
receivables represent financial  assets and are considered for impairment  on  an  expected credit loss 
mode  based  on  historic  credit  notes  issued.  Therefore,  there  is  a  provision  for  impairment  at  the 
statement of financial position date of £9,000 (2022: £9,000).  

The age of net trade receivables is all within one year (2022: one year) and the average gross debtor 
days calculated on a count back basis were 35 days (2022: 52 days). 

16. 

Income tax asset 

Research and development tax credit receivable  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

113 
─────── 
113 
═══════ 

275 
─────── 
275 
═══════ 

- 42 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. 

Inventories  

Stock 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

810 
─────── 
810 
═══════ 

937 
─────── 
937 
═══════ 

The value of inventory provided for as at 31 December 2023 is £525,000 (2022: £558,000). £1,270,000 
of stock was expensed in the year through cost of sales (2022: £967,000). 

18.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

316 
─────── 
316 
─────── 

2,337 
─────── 
2,337 
─────── 

Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates.  An analysis of cash 
and cash equivalents by denominated currency is given in note 28.  

19.  Share capital and share premium  

The called-up and fully paid share capital of the Company is as follows: 

Allotted, called-up and fully paid: 128,144,360 (2022: 
127,824,881) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each (2022: £0.01 
each) 

Movements in ordinary shares: 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

1,281 

1,278 

─────── 

─────── 

At 31 March 2022 

Shares issued to employees 

Shares 
No 

37,716,250 

108,631 

Shares issued during the period 

90,000,000 

Shares sub-divided and converted 

- 

At 31 December 2022 

Shares issued to employees 

127,824,881 

319,479 

Shares issued during the period 

- 

Share 
capital 
£’000 

5,657 

7 

900 

(5,286) 

1,278 

3 

- 

At 31 December 2023 

128,144,360 

1,281 

─────── 

────── 

─────── 

────── 

Share 
premium  
£’000 

Deferred 
Shares 
£’000 

3,280 

4 

2,550 

- 

5,834 

16 

- 

──── 

5,850 

──── 

- 

- 

- 

5,286 

5,286 

- 

- 

──── 

5,286 

──── 

Total  
£’000 

8,937 

11 

3,450 

- 

12,398 

19 

- 

──── 

12,417 

──── 

During the year 319,479 (2022: 108,631) ordinary shares were issued at price ranges between 4.5p and 
7p per share as part of the all UK employee Share Incentive Plan.  

- 43 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20.  Reserves 

Share option reserve 
The share option reserve arises from the requirement to value share options in existence at the year 
end at fair value. Further details of share options are included at note 25.  

Share premium  
The  share  premium  account  represents  the  amount  received  on  the  issue  of  ordinary  shares  by  the 
Company in excess of their nominal value less applicable costs and is non-distributable. 

Deferred shares 
The deferred shares account represents the amount received on the cancellation of 15p ordinary shares 
by  the  Company  and  the  creation  of  1p  ordinary  shares  and  14p  deferred  shares  and  is  non-
distributable.  

Merger relief reserve  
The merger relief reserve arose on the Company’s reverse acquisition of OTAQ Group Limited on 31 
March 2020 and relates to the share premium on the 21,539,904 shares issued to acquire OTAQ Group 
Limited.  

Reverse acquisition reserve 
The reverse acquisition reserve was created in accordance with IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’. The 
reserve arises due to the elimination of the Company’s investment in OTAQ Group Limited. Since the 
shareholders  of  OTAQ  Group  Limited  became  the  majority  shareholders  of  the  enlarged  group,  the 
acquisition  is  accounted  for  as  though  there  is  a  continuation  of  the  legal  subsidiary’s  financial 
statements. In reverse acquisition accounting, the business combination’s costs are deemed to have 
been incurred by the legal subsidiary. 

Other reserve  
Other reserve represents the value of the exercised or lapsed share options which were exercised and 
the foreign exchange in relation to the translation of subsidiaries reporting in foreign currencies. 

Revenue reserve  
The revenue reserve accumulates the losses attributable to the equity holders of the parent company. 

21.  Deferred payment for acquisition  

Current 
Fair value of deferred cash consideration on the acquisition of 
OTAQ Offshore Limited (formerly MarineSense Limited) 

Deferred payment for acquisition movement  
Opening balance  
Unwinding of discount 
Repayments 
Revaluation of the deferred consideration 

Closing balance  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

- 

- 

─────── 
- 
═══════ 

─────── 
- 
═══════ 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
─────── 
- 
═══════ 

213 
62 
(275) 
- 
─────── 
- 
═══════ 

- 44 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22.  Trade and other payables 

Current: 
Trade payables 
Accrued expenses 
Deferred revenue 
Other creditors  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

354 
136 
- 
171 
─────── 
661 
═══════ 

305 
96 
24 
78 
─────── 
503 
═══════ 

Trade and other payables comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and on-going costs. Trade 
payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. 
The average credit period on purchases is 30 days (2022: 30 days). No interest is paid on trade payables 
over 30 days. The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their 
fair value.   

23.  Deferred tax liability  

Deferred tax liability  
Deferred taxation on intangibles recognised at 
acquisition  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

- 

─────── 
- 
═══════ 

- 
─────── 
- 
═══════ 

From 1 April 2023 the corporation tax rate increased to 25%. This was substantively enacted on 24 May 
2021. The deferred tax balance at 31 December 2023 has been calculated based on the rate as at the 
balance sheet date of 25%.  

24.  Borrowings 

Interest bearing loans   

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

1,054 
─────── 
1,054 
═══════ 

1,501 
─────── 
1,501 
═══════ 

Analysis of loans and borrowings 

Borrowings are classified based on the amounts that are expected to be settled within the next 12 months 
and after more than 12 months from the reporting date, as follows: 

Current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

484 
570 
─────── 
1,054 
═══════ 

447 
1,054 
─────── 
1,501 
═══════ 

- 45 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The terms and conditions of outstanding loans are as follows: 

Nominal interest rate  Date of 
maturity 

31 December 2023 
Face value 

Carrying 
amount 
£’000 

£’000 

31 December 2022 

Face value 

£’000 

Carrying 
amount 
£’000 

CBILS loan 

1 
January 
2026 

The higher of 8% 
p.a. and the monthly 
average Sterling 
Over Night Index 
Average (“SONIA”) 
plus 6.0% 

Total interest-bearing liabilities 

1,054  

1,054 

1,501  

1,501 

─────── 
1,054 

─────── 
1,054 
═══════  ═══════ 

  ─────── 
1,501 

─────── 
1,501 
  ═══════  ═══════ 

Liabilities arising from financing activities 

Lease 
liabilities 
£’000 

CBILS 

£’000 

Balance at 1 January 2023 

353 

1,501 

Cash flows 

Repayment of borrowings 

Lease payments 

Non-cash changes* 

Balance at 31 December 2023 

- 

(172) 

(5) 

176 

(447) 

- 

- 

1,054 

*This balance includes  £10,000 early settlement discount, less £5,000 adjustment of opening liability 
from updated NPV’s (2022: £60,000 new leases entered to in the year). The leases liabilities relate to 
capital amounts only.  

25.  Share options 

On  19  August  2021,  the  Company  granted  550,000  of  share  options  to  various  key  management 
personnel under the Enterprise Management Incentive ("EMI") Share options. On 16 December 2021, 
the  Company  granted  250,000  of  share  options  to  a  new  key  management  employee  under  the 
Enterprise  Management  Incentive  ("EMI")  Share  options.  Vesting  conditions  are  detailed  in  the 
Remuneration Committee report.  

On 7 November 2022, the Company granted 22,499,978 warrants to shareholders who participated in 
the new share issue of the same date. The warrants entitle the holder to be issued with one share for 
every warrant held at a price of 12p per share.  

An option-holder has no voting or dividend rights in the Company before the exercise of a share option. 

- 46 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Set out below are summaries of options granted under the plan:   

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Weighted average 
exercise price per 
share option  

Number of  
options 

Weighted average 
exercise price per 
share option  

Number of  
options 

At 1 January /1 April 
Cancelled during the 
year 

At 31 December  

£0.46 

£0.58 

─────── 
£0.40 
═══════ 

1,110,900 

(350,000) 

─────── 
760,900 
═══════ 

£0.51 

1,810,900 

£0.58 

(700,000) 

─────── 
£0.46 
═══════ 

─────── 
1,110,900 
═══════ 

260,900 share options are vested (2022: 260,900) and can be exercised. 

Set out below are summaries of warrants granted:   

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Weighted average 
exercise price per 
warrant  

Number of  
warrants 

Weighted average 
exercise price per 
warrant  

Number of  
warrants 

At 1 January / 1 April 

£0.13  22,819,978 

£0.50 

320,000 

Granted during the 
year  
Lapsed during the 
year 

At 31 December / 31 
March 

- 

- 

£0.12 

22,499,978 

£0.50 

(320,000) 

───────  ─────── 

─────── 

─────── 

£0.12  22,499,978 

£0.13 

22,819,978 

═══════  ═══════ 

═══════ 

═══════ 

The  remaining  weighted  average  contractual  life  of  the  share  options  and  warrants  at  31  December 
2023 is 2.31 years and 0.82 years respectively with the weighted average exercise price being £0.40 
for share options and £0.12 for warrants.  No options were exercised in the period to 31 December 2022 
or to 31 December 2023.   

26.  Commitments and contingencies 

Capital commitments 
There were no capital commitments at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022. 

Contingencies  
There were no contingent liabilities at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022. 

- 47 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27.  Financial instruments 

Financial assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Demand and 
less than 3 
months 
£’000 

573 

2,337 

From 3 to 12 
months 

From 12 months 
to 2 years 

From 2 to 5 
years 

More than 5 
years 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

£’000 

573 

2,337 

─────── 

─────── 

─────── 

─────── 

───────  ─────── 

31 December 2022 

2,910 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,910 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

31 December 2023 

─────── 
1,299 

─────── 
- 

─────── 
- 

─────── 
- 

───────  ─────── 
1,299 

- 

316 

- 

- 

- 

- 

316 

─────── 
1,615 

─────── 
- 

─────── 
- 

─────── 
- 

───────  ─────── 
1,615 

- 

─────── 

─────── 

─────── 

─────── 

───────  ─────── 

Financial liabilities 

Demand and less 
than 3 months 

From 3 to 12 
months 

From 12 months 
to 2 years 

From 2 to 5 
years 

More than 
5 years 

Trade and other payables 

Loans 

Leases 

31 December 2022 

Trade and other payables 

Loans 

Leases 

31 December 2023 

£’000 
479 

108 

42 

─────── 
629 

─────── 
661 

117 

37 

£’000 
- 

339 

131 

─────── 
470 

─────── 
- 

367 

97 

£’000 
24 

484 

130 

─────── 
638 

─────── 
- 

570 

42 

─────── 
815 

─────── 
464 

─────── 
612 

Total 

£’000 
503 

1,501 

353 

£’000 
- 

£’000 
- 

570 

50 

───────  ───────  ─────── 
2,357 

620 

- 

───────  ───────  ─────── 
661 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,054 

176 

───────  ───────  ─────── 
1,891 

- 

- 

─────── 

─────── 

─────── 

───────  ───────  ─────── 

The maturity gap analysis on the Group's financial assets and liabilities is as follows: 

Liquidity gap 

Demand and less 
than 3 months 

From 3 to 
12 months 

From 12 months 
to 2 years 

From 2 to 
5 years 

More than 
5 years 

Total 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

As at 31 December 2022 

2,281 

(470) 

(638) 

(620) 

As at 31 December 2023 

803 

(464) 

(612) 

- 

- 

- 

553 

(273) 

28.  Financial risk management 

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: interest rate risk, liquidity risk, market risk, 
currency risk and credit risk.  Risk management is carried out by the board of directors.  The Group uses 
financial instruments to provide flexibility regarding its working capital requirements and to enable it to 
manage specific financial risks to which it is exposed. 

The Group finances its operations through a mixture of equity finance, cash, loans and liquid resources 
and  various  items  such  as  trade  debtors  and  trade  creditors  which  arise  directly  from  the  Group's 
operations. 

- 48 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows associated with the instrument 
will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates.   

Interest bearing assets including cash and cash equivalents are considered to be short-term liquid 
assets. It is the Group’s policy to settle trade payables within the credit terms allowed and the Group 
does therefore not incur interest on overdue balances.   

The  Group  has  external  borrowings  linked  to  SONIA  but  capped  until  SONIA  exceeds  2%;  the 
Group is now therefore exposed to interest rate risk with SONIA at 5.19% at 31 December 2023.  
The Group is able to place surplus cash reserves on short-term deposit to help offset the SONIA 
increase risk.  The principal impact to the Group is the result of interest-bearing loans and cash 
including cash equivalent balances held as set out below: 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Interest bearing loans   

Total 

Total 

Fixed 
rate 
£’000 
- 
- 

31 December 2023 
Floating 
rate 
£’000 
316 
(1,054) 

£’000 
316 
(1,054)  
  ────  ─────  ──── 
(738) 
  ════  ═════  ════ 

(738) 

- 

Total 

Fixed 
rate 
£’000 
- 
- 

31 December 2022 
Floating 
rate 
£’000 
2,337 
(1,501) 

£’000 
2,337 
(1,501)  
  ────  ─────  ──── 
836 
  ════  ═════  ════ 

836 

- 

(b)  Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulties in meeting obligations associated 
with financial liabilities.  Liquidity risk arises from the repayment demands of the Group's lenders.   

The Group manages all of its external bank relations centrally. Any material change to the Group’s 
principal banking facility requires approval by the Board. The cash requirements of the Group are 
forecasted by the Board annually.  The Group is dependent on any external borrowings through it’s 
CBILs facility. 

At the reporting date the Group was cash positive. 

The following tables set out the  maturity profile of the  Group's non-derivative financial liabilities, 
based on undiscounted contractual cash outflows, as at the following dates: 

Trade and other payables 
Less than 3 months 
1 - 5 years 
Other financial liabilities  
Less than 3 months 
4 months - 1 
year 
1 - 5 years 

Total 

31 December 2023 
£’000 

31 December 2022 
£’000 

661 

154 

464 

612 
─────── 
1,891 
═══════ 

479 
24 

- 

13 

1,841 
─────── 
2,357 

═══════ 

(c)  Capital risk management 

The Group reviews its forecast capital requirements on a half-yearly basis to ensure that entities in 
the Group will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to stakeholders. 
It is the current strategy of the Group to finance its activities from existing equity and reserves as 
well as additional financing where appropriate and by the issue of new equity as required. 

The  capital  structure  of  the  Group  consists  of  equity  attributable  to  equity  holders,  comprising 
issued share capital, share premium, other reserves and retained earnings as disclosed in notes 

- 49 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
19 to 20 and the statement of changes in equity.  Total equity attributable to the equity holders of 
the parent company was £5,275,000 at 31 December 2023 (31 December 2022: £6,346,000). The 
Group is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements. 

(d)  Credit risk management  

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation 
or commitment that it has entered into with the Group and the risk that any debtors of the Group 
may  default  on  amounts  due  to  the  Group.    The  Group’s  principal  financial  assets  are  trade 
receivables, other debtors and cash equivalents. The Group has a policy of only dealing with credit 
worthy counterparties which is assessed through credit checks and trade references.  The Group 
had £1,167,000 of trade receivables at the period end (2022: £377,000). The Group’s exposure to 
credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer or counterparty.  
However, management also considers the factors that may influence the credit risk of its customer 
or counterparty base, including the default risk associated with the industry and country in which 
the customer or counterparty operates.  Receivable balances are monitored on an ongoing basis 
with the result that the Group’s exposure to bad debts is not significant. All trade receivables are 
ultimately overseen by the director responsible for finance and are managed on a day-to-day basis 
by the finance team.  Credit limits are set as deemed appropriate for the customer. The maximum 
exposure to credit risk in relation to cash and cash equivalents is the carrying value at the statement 
of financial position date. 

(e)  Currency risk 

The Group has limited exposure to currency risk on sales and purchases that are denominated in 
a  currency  other  than  the  respective  functional  currency  of  the  Group.  The  risk  is  in  respect  of 
United States Dollars, Euros and Chilean Pesos. Transactions outside these currencies are limited. 

The  Group  may  use  forward  exchange  contracts  as  an  economic  hedge  against  currency  risk, 
where cash flow can be judged with reasonable certainty. Foreign exchange swaps and options 
may be used to hedge foreign currency receipts in the event that the timing of the receipt is less 
certain. There were no open forward contracts as at 31 December 2023 or at 31 December 2022 
and the Group did not enter into any such contracts during 2023 nor 2022. 

The summary quantitative data about the Group’s exposure to currency risk is as follows: 

GBP 
£’000 
254 

1,050 

(335) 

CLP 
£’000 
12 

5 

(1) 

Cash at bank 
and in hand 
Trade 
receivables 
Trade 
payables 

Total 

31 December 2023 

USD 
£000 
18 

EUR 
£000 
32 

Total 
£’000 
316 

GBP 
£’000 
2,279 

CLP 
£’000 
58 

31 December 2022 
AUD 
£000 
- 

USD 
£000 
- 

EUR 
£000 
2,337 

Total 
£’000 
2,279 

60 

52 

1,167 

261 

16 

(14) 

(1) 

(351) 

(281) 

(16) 

89 

(8) 

11 

377 

261 

- 

(305) 

(281) 

─── 
969 

─── 
16 

──── 
64 

─── 
83 

─── 
1,132 

─── 
2,259 

───  ──── 
81 

58 

─── 
11 

─── 
2,409 

─── 
2,259 

═══ 

═══ 

════ 

═══ 

═══ 

═══ 

═══  ════ 

═══ 

═══ 

═══ 

(f)  Sensitivity analysis to movement in exchange rates 

Given the insignificant asset balances in foreign currency, the exposure to a change in exchange 
rate is negligible. 

(g)  Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities  

The Group has not presented any of its financial assets and financial liabilities on a net basis and 
no master netting arrangements are in place.  

- 50 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29.  Related party transactions 

Transactions with directors and companies controlled by directors  
The following transactions with directors and companies controlled by directors of the Company were recorded, 
including VAT, during the year: 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

Charges incurred during the year by OTAQ Group Limited: 
Falanx Cyber Defence Limited – a company controlled by a 
director who resigned during the previous year 
For goods and services provided 

6 

3 

There  were  no  outstanding  balances  between  the  Group  and  related  parties  at  31  December  2023  or  31 
December 2022.  

Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated on consolidation and are 
not disclosed in this Note. There are no differences between directors and the key management personnel as 
they are considered to be the same.  

30.  Post balance sheet events 

The Group has conditionally raised £1.7m by way of Placing Convertible Loan notes as disclosed in the 
circular dated 26 June 2024 providing the funding to allow the Group to continue it’s product development as 
well as providing working capital required until the forecasted growth makes the Group cash generative. A 
broker option to raise up to a further £1m Broker Option Convertible Loan Notes has also been agreed. 

- 51 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTAQ PLC 
Company  
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Investment in subsidiaries 

Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Deferred shares 
Share option reserve  
Other reserve 
Revenue reserve 

Total equity 

I F R S

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities  

Total equity and liabilities 

Note 

Year ended 31  
December 2023 
£’000 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 
£’000 

3 

4 
5 

6 
7 
7 
9 
7 
7 

8 

3,231 
─────── 
3,231 

63 
- 
─────── 
63 
─────── 
3,294 
═══════ 

1,281 
5,850 
5,286 
134 
386 
(9,871) 
─────── 
3,066 
─────── 

228 
─────── 
228 
─────── 
228 
─────── 
3,294 
═══════ 

3,231 
─────── 
3,231 

106 
-
─────── 
106 
─────── 
3,337 
═══════ 

1,278 
5,834 
5,286 
134 
386 
(9,586) 
─────── 
3,332 
─────── 

5 
─────── 
5 
─────── 
5 
─────── 
3,337 
═══════ 

As permitted s408 Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and 
related notes. The Company’s loss for the year was £285,000 (2022: £7,664,000).  

These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 28th June 2024. 

Signed on behalf of the Board by: 

Mrs J Dowds 
Director  

Company number: 11429299 

Company accounting policies are in line with Group – See Group note 2. 

The accompanying notes on pages 54 to 56 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

52 

OTAQ PLC 
COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Share 
capital 
£’000 

Share 
premium 
£’000 

Deferred 
shares 
£’000 

Share option 
reserve 
£’000 

Other 
reserve 
£’000 

Revenue 
reserve 
£’000 

Total 
equity 
£’000 

Balance at 1 April 2022 

Loss and total 
comprehensive expenses 
for the year 
Issue of share capital  
Cancellation of shares 
Transfer on exercise of 
options 
Charge for share options  

Balance at 31 December 
2022 

Loss and total 
comprehensive expenses 
for the year 
Issue of share capital  
Cancellation of shares 
Transfer on exercise of 
options 
Charge for share options  

Balance at 31 December 
2023 

5,657 

-
3,280 
═════  ══════  ══════ 
- 

- 

- 

150
═══════
- 

370 

(1,922) 
══════  ══════ 
(7,664) 

7,535 
══════ 
(7,664) 

1,278 
(5,657) 
- 

5,834 
(3,280) 
- 

5,286 
- 
- 

- 
- 
(16)

- 

- 
- 
16

- 
- 
- 

12,398 
(8,937) 
- 

- 

- 
─────  ──────  ────── 
5,286 
5,834 

1,278 

- 

─────── 
134 

- 

- 
──────  ────── 
(9,586) 

386 

- 
────── 
3,332 

═════  ══════  ══════ 

═══════ 

══════  ══════ 

══════ 

(285)

(285)

3 
- 

16 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

19 
- 
- 

─────  ──────  ────── 
5,286 
5,850 

1,281 

─────── 
134 

──────  ────── 
(9,871) 

386 

────── 
3,066 

═════  ══════  ══════ 

═══════ 

══════  ══════ 

══════ 

Company accounting policies are in line with Group – See Group note 2. 

The accompanying notes on pages 54 to 56 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

- 53 -

OTAQ PLC 
COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

1. 

Segmental reporting 

The principal activity of the Company is that of a holding company for the Group, as well as performing 
all  administrative,  corporate  finance,  strategic  and  governance  functions  of  the  Group.  The  directors 
consider this to consummate one reportable segment. 

2. 

Accounting policies 

(a)  Basis of preparation 

The consolidated financial statements of OTAQ plc have been prepared in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards in conformity with the requirements UK-adopted International Accounting 
Standards and the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The financial 
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified for any financial assets 
which are stated at fair value through profit or loss. The financial statements of OTAQ plc are presented 
in pounds sterling, which is the presentation currency for the consolidated financial statements. 

As permitted by FRS 101, the company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions 
from the requirements of IFRS: 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

presentation of a statement of cash flows and related notes; 
disclosure of the objectives, policies and processes for managing capital;  
disclosure of key management personnel compensation; 
disclosure of the categories of financial instrument and the nature and extent of risks arising on 
these financial instruments; 
comparative period reconciliations for the number of shares outstanding and the carrying amounts 
of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, investment property and biological assets; 
disclosure of the future impact of new International Financial Reporting Standards in issue but not 
yet effective at the reporting date; 
a reconciliation of the number and weighted average exercise prices of share options, how the fair 
value of share-based payments was determined and their effect on profit or loss and the financial 
position; 
comparative narrative information; 
related party disclosures for transactions with the parent or wholly owned members of the group. 

3. 

Investment in subsidiaries  

Net book value 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

─────── 
3,231 
═══════ 

─────── 
3,231 
═══════ 

- 54 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTAQ PLC 
COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

4.

Trade and other receivables

Current: 
Amounts due from subsidiaries 
Prepayments 
Other  

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

- 
17 
46 
─────── 
63 
═══════ 

- 
21 
85 
─────── 
106 
═══════ 

Amounts  due  from  subsidiaries  are  trading  balances,  are  not  interest  bearing  and  are  repayable  on 
demand. During the period, the amount due from the Company’s subsidiaries was waived and taken to 
the Revenue reserve.  

Fair values of receivables      
Due to the short-term nature of the current receivables, their carrying amount is considered to be the 
same as their fair value determined using level 3 inputs.   

5.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and in hand 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

- 
─────── 
- 
═══════ 

- 
─────── 
- 
═══════ 

Cash at bank earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. 

6.

Share capital

The share capital account records the nominal value of shares issued.

Details of the Company’s authorised, called-up and fully paid share capital are set out in note 19 to the
consolidated financial statements. The ordinary shares of the Company carry one vote per share and
an equal right to any dividends declared.

7.

Reserves

The  share  premium  account  represents  the  amount  received  on  the  issue  of  ordinary  shares  by  the
Company in excess of their nominal value and is non-distributable. In relation to the Company’s reverse
acquisition of OTAQ Group Limited, as the Company secured more than a 90% equity holding in OTAQ
Group Limited on terms that the consideration for the shares allotted was provided by the transfer to the
Company of equity shares in the OTAQ Group Limited, section 610 of the Companies Act 2006 does
not apply to the premium on those shares. Accordingly, the share issue has been accounted for at par
value with no share premium.

The  share  option  reserve  arises  from  the  requirement  to  value  share  options  in  existence  at  the
year/period end at fair value. Further details of share options are included at note 25 in the consolidated
financial statements.

Revenue reserve represents accumulated losses.

- 55 -

OTAQ PLC 
COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

8.

Trade and other payables

Current: 
Trade payables 
Amounts due to subsidiaries 

31 December 
2023 
£’000 

31 December 
2022 
£’000 

20 
208 
─────── 
228 
═══════ 

5 
- 
─────── 
5 
═══════ 

Trade  and  other  payables  comprise  amounts  outstanding  for  on-going  costs.  All  trade  and  other 
payables are current. All balances are denominated in Sterling. Trade payables and accruals principally 
comprise amounts outstanding for ongoing costs.  

Amounts  due  to  subsidiaries  are  trading  balances,  are  not  interest  bearing  and  are  repayable  on 
demand.  

The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair 
value.   

9.

Share options

Following the reverse acquisition the Company established a new share option scheme, details of which
are disclosed in note 25 to the consolidated financial statements.

10.

Commitments and contingencies

Capital commitments
There were no capital commitments at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022.

Contingencies
There were no contingent liabilities at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022.

- 56 -