2023 FY Annual Report & Proxy Statement Dear PagerDuty Stockholders, Thank you for your continued support and partnership over the past year. In Fiscal Year 2023 (FY23) we demonstrated durable growth through innovation and leadership in Digital Operations, and accelerated strategic initiatives to sustainably improve our cost structure. We achieved total revenue of $371 million, up 32% year over year, sustaining our revenue growth from Fiscal Year 2022 (FY22) despite a more challenging macroeconomic environment. We achieved $410 million in annual recurring revenue (ARR) and maintained dollar-based net retention at or above 120% all four quarters, while significantly improving non-GAAP operating margins. As a result, we achieved non-GAAP profitability for the full year, a year ahead of plan, while continuing to invest in our strategic priorities. We strengthened our competitive advantage in digital operations management in FY23, making significant advances in Automation, AIOps, and Customer Service Operations. More than 24,000 free and paid customers, and more than one million users rely on PagerDuty’s Operations Cloud to modernize and transform their digital operations. Our Product Development teams increased new product velocity in FY23, expanding our platform to position PagerDuty for further expansion across our global enterprise and mid-market customers. Major new releases in FY23 included no-code Incident Workflows, which unlocks flexibility for our customers to automate work, reduce labor costs, improve productivity and empower users to immediately capture return on investment and improved efficiency for a wide range of operational needs. Event Orchestration and Automation Actions advanced PagerDuty’s Operations Cloud value proposition this year, and we continued to invest in the security and reliability of our platform. We released PagerDuty Status Pages, enabling users to securely communicate real-time operational updates via a single source of truth that automatically posts updates, saving time for users and deepening trust with consumers. We continued the pace of product innovation early in fiscal year 2024 (FY24) with the recent launch of PagerDuty AIOps, delivering a unified, end-to-end automation solution with fast time to value. PagerDuty AIOps leverages machine learning (ML) and proprietary artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize PagerDuty’s foundational data model, reducing complexity and preventing costly incidents. PagerDuty continues to execute well in our most strategic markets, enterprise and mid-market, which contribute approximately 80% of our ARR. We exited FY23 with more than 750 customers spending $100,000 or more in ARR, up 27% year over year. Engagement remains high with these groups, and in the fourth quarter of FY23 our customers made a record number of transactions. Today 68% of the Fortune 100 and nearly half of the Fortune 500 are PagerDuty customers. As our customers face increased pressure to operate more efficiently while maintaining resilience and security in service of customer experience, they implement the Operations Cloud as essential infrastructure, and trust PagerDuty as a strategic partner. In FY23, 58% of PagerDuty’s ARR came from customers using two or more PagerDuty products. These results are a testament to the dedication of PagerDuty’s more than 1,000 global employees who live our values — Champion the Customer, Take the Lead, Run Together, Ack and Own, and Bring Your Self, each day. Our teams are effectively navigating a difficult demand environment and maintaining the loyalty of our customers, as evidenced by annualized churn ARR remaining well below 5% of starting ARR. Over the course of the year we expanded our Japanese operations through a strategic partnership with Japan Cloud. The new joint venture in Japan, PagerDuty K.K., enables PagerDuty to grow in one of the most digitally mature markets in the world with an experienced local team. We grew our team in Portugal, with hires across multiple business units as we continue to grow a second European base of operations. In addition, building on the acquisition of a small technical service provider, we expanded our operations in Chile to create another multi-function hub. Both our Inclusion, Diversity & Equity report released in January and our annual Impact Report, released in April, detail PagerDuty’s progress in advancing our company vision for a more equitable world. We see diversity as a business imperative to reflect the communities we serve, demonstrating this in our board and leadership representation. Highlights from these PagerDuty reports include: • Achieved pay equity within a single cent for gender, race, and ethnicity. • Maintained one of the most diverse boards in any industry, with two-thirds of the PagerDuty Board members identifying as racially diverse, and nearly half identifying as women. • • • • Distributed $3 million since 2019 in unrestricted funding to organizations like Trek Medics International, Nexleaf Analytics, and SIRUM. We have especially targeted intersectional social and environmental challenges, such as $1 million deployed to close the global vaccine equity gap and half a million for climate equity. Launched a Climate Equity fund in 2022 with initial investments in organizations that are building solutions to the climate crisis. Increased support for six different Employee Resource Groups (ERG), with 2022 ERG membership growth reaching an incredible 80%. 95% of PagerDuty employees engaged in social impact work through donations or volunteering - a result of our systematic focus on enabling employees to leverage their unique expertise in service of mission-driven organizations. Our $38 billion total addressable market remains underpenetrated and we entered FY24 with a clear path to durable profitable growth. PagerDuty is confident the operational resilience we have developed positions us well, even in an uncertain economic environment, for the following reasons: • The long-term tailwinds – digital acceleration, DevOps transformation and cloud adoption – will remain multi-year imperatives for our customers. • We continue to invest in a differentiated competitive advantage with rapid innovation and an increasingly efficient go-to-market team. • The PagerDuty Operations Cloud is critical to our enterprise and mid-market customers’ most strategic priorities as we continue to revolutionize operations and build customer trust by anticipating the unexpected in an unpredictable world. Thank you for your continued partnership. Sincerely, Jennifer Tejada CEO and Chair of the Board of Directors Dear Stockholder, We are pleased to invite you to attend the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of PagerDuty, Inc. (“PagerDuty” or the “Company”), to be held on Wednesday, June 14, 2023, at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time. The Annual Meeting will be conducted virtually via live audio webcast. You will be able to vote and submit your questions during the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PD2023 (please have your notice or proxy card in hand when you visit the website). You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person. The attached Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement contain details of the business to be conducted at the Annual Meeting. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. Whether or not you attend the Annual Meeting, it is important that your shares be represented and voted at the Annual Meeting. Therefore, we urge you to promptly vote and submit your proxy via the Internet, by phone or by mail. On behalf of the Company's Board of Directors, thank you for your support of and interest in PagerDuty. Sincerely, Jennifer Tejada CEO and Chair of the Board of Directors Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders Meeting Details DATE AND TIME PLACE RECORD DATE Wednesday, June 14, 2023 at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ PD2023. April 18, 2023 (the “Record Date”) Items of Business 1 To elect the Board of Directors’ nominees, Jennifer Tejada, Sameer Dholakia and William Losch, as Class I directors to hold office until the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. 2 To ratify the selection of Ernst & Young LLP by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for its fiscal year ending January 31, 2024. 3 To conduct an advisory, non-binding vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers. 4 To conduct any other business properly brought before the meeting. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to submit your vote via the Internet, telephone or mail as soon as possible to ensure your shares are represented. For additional instructions for each of these voting options, please refer to the proxy card. Returning the proxy does not deprive you of your right to attend the Annual Meeting and to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting. The Proxy Statement explains proxy voting and the matters to be voted on in more detail. Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting to be Held on June 14, 2023. Our proxy materials, including the Proxy Statement and Annual Report to Stockholders, are being made available on or about May 2, 2023 at the following website: www.proxyvote.com, as well as on our investor relations webpage at https:// investor.pagerduty.com in the “Financials” section under “SEC Filings.” We are providing access to our proxy materials over the Internet under the rules adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. By Order of the Board of Directors, Shelley Webb SVP, General Counsel and Secretary San Francisco, California May 2, 2023 Your vote is important. To vote your shares, please follow the instructions in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, which is being mailed to you on or about May 2, 2023. Table of Contents QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THESE PROXY MATERIALS AND VOTING BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PROPOSAL 1 - ELECTION OF DIRECTORS PROPOSAL 2 - RATIFICATION OF SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM PROPOSAL 3 - ADVISORY, NON-BINDING VOTE TO APPROVE THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS COMPENSATION DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION MATTERS SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS AND INDEMNIFICATION OTHER MATTERS 1 6 22 23 26 25 27 28 53 68 75 77 80 Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders This proxy statement (this “Proxy Statement”) and form of proxy are being provided to you in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our Board of Directors (the “Board”) for use at our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”), and any postponements, adjournments or continuations thereof. The Annual Meeting will be held on June 14, 2023 at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time, via live audio webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PD2023. Stockholders of record as of April 18, 2023 (the “Record Date”) are invited to attend the Annual Meeting and are entitled to vote on the proposals described in this Proxy Statement. The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) containing instructions on how to access this Proxy Statement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 (the “Annual Report”) is first being mailed on or about May 2, 2023 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Questions and Answers About These Proxy Materials and Voting The information provided in the “question and answer” format below addresses certain frequently asked questions but is not intended to be a summary of all matters contained in this Proxy Statement. Please read the entire Proxy Statement carefully before voting your shares. WHY DID I RECEIVE A NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS ON THE INTERNET? Our Board is providing these proxy materials to you in connection with our Board’s solicitation of proxies for use at the Annual Meeting, which will take place on June 14, 2023. Stockholders are invited to attend the Annual Meeting and are requested to vote on the proposals described in this Proxy Statement. All stockholders will have the ability to access the proxy materials via the Internet, including this Proxy Statement and our Annual Report, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) beginning on May 2, 2023. The Notice includes information on how to access the proxy materials, how to submit your vote over the Internet or by phone, or how to request a paper copy of the proxy materials. This Proxy Statement and the Annual Report are available at www.proxyvote.com. If you receive a Notice by mail, you will not receive a printed copy of the proxy materials in the mail unless you specifically request these materials. WHO CAN VOTE AT THE ANNUAL MEETING? Holders of our common stock at the close of business on April 18, 2023, the record date for the Annual Meeting (the “Record Date”), are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting. Each stockholder is entitled to one vote for each share of our common stock held as of the Record Date. As of the Record Date, there were 92,089,235 shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Stockholders are not permitted to cumulate votes with respect to the election of directors. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOLDING SHARES AS A STOCKHOLDER OF RECORD AND AS A BENEFICIAL OWNER? Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name. If, at the close of business on the Record Date, your shares were registered directly in your name with American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC, our transfer agent, then you are considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares. As the stockholder of record, you have the right to grant your voting proxy directly to the individuals listed on the proxy card or to vote on your own behalf at the Annual Meeting. Beneficial Owners: Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker, Bank or Other Nominee. If, at the close of business on the Record Date, your shares were held in a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee on your behalf, then you are considered the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name.” As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other nominee how to vote your shares by following the voting instructions your broker, bank or other nominee provides. If you do not provide your broker, bank or other nominee with instructions on how to vote your shares, your broker, bank or other nominee may, in its discretion, vote your shares with respect to routine matters but may not vote your shares with respect to any non-routine matters. For additional information, see “What if I do not specify how my shares are to be voted?” below. PagerDuty 1 2023 Proxy Statement DO I HAVE TO DO ANYTHING IN ADVANCE IF I PLAN TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING? The Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted via live audio webcast. You are entitled to participate in the Annual Meeting only if you were a holder of our common stock as of the close of business on the Record Date or if you hold a valid proxy for the Annual Meeting. You will be able to attend the Annual Meeting and submit your questions during the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PD2023. You also will be able to vote your shares electronically at the Annual Meeting. To participate in the Annual Meeting, you will need the control number included on your Notice or proxy card. The live audio webcast will begin promptly at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time. Online check-in will begin at 1:45 p.m. Pacific Time, and you should allow ample time for the check-in procedures. HOW CAN I GET HELP IF I HAVE TROUBLE CHECKING IN OR LISTENING TO THE MEETING ONLINE? If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual meeting during the check-in or meeting time, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the Virtual Shareholder Meeting log-in page. WHAT AM I VOTING ON? There are three matters scheduled for a vote: • • • Election of three Class I directors (Proposal 1); Ratification of the selection of Ernst & Young LLP by the Audit Committee of the Board as independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for its fiscal year ending January 31, 2024 (Proposal 2); and An advisory, non-binding vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers (Proposal 3). WHAT IF ANOTHER MATTER IS PROPERLY BROUGHT BEFORE THE MEETING? The Board knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote on those matters in accordance with their best judgment. HOW DO I VOTE AND WHAT ARE THE VOTING DEADLINES? Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name. If you are a stockholder of record, you can vote in one of the following ways: • • • • You may vote via the Internet. To vote via the Internet, go to www.proxyvote.com to complete an electronic proxy card. You will be asked to provide the control number from the proxy card you receive. Your vote must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on June 13, 2023 to be counted. If you vote via the Internet, you do not need to return a proxy card by mail. You may vote by telephone. To vote by telephone, dial 1-800-690-6903 (the call is toll-free in the United States and Canada; toll charges apply to calls from other countries) and follow the recorded instructions. You will be asked to provide the control number from the proxy card. Your vote must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on June 13, 2023 to be counted. If you vote by telephone, you do not need to return a proxy card by mail. You may vote by mail. To vote by mail using the proxy card (if you requested paper copies of the proxy materials to be mailed to you), you need to complete, date and sign the proxy card and return it promptly by mail in the envelope provided so that it is received no later than June 13, 2023. The persons named in the proxy card will vote the shares you own in accordance with your instructions on the proxy card you mail. You may vote at the Annual Meeting. To vote at the Annual Meeting, following the instructions at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PD2023 (have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you visit the website). Beneficial Owners: Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker, Bank or Other Nominee. If you are the beneficial owner of shares held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee, you will receive voting instructions from your broker, bank or other nominee. You must follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or other nominee in order to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee how to vote your shares. The availability of Internet and telephone voting options will depend on the voting process of your broker, bank or other nominee. PagerDuty 2 2023 Proxy Statement CAN I CHANGE MY VOTE OR REVOKE MY PROXY? Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name. If you are a stockholder of record, you may revoke your proxy or change your proxy instructions at any time before your proxy is voted at the Annual Meeting by: • • • • entering a new vote via the Internet or by telephone; signing and returning a new proxy card with a later date; delivering a written revocation to our Secretary at PagerDuty, Inc., 600 Townsend St. Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94103, by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on June 13, 2023; or following the instructions at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PD2023. Beneficial Owners: Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker, Bank or Other Nominee. If you are the beneficial owner of your shares, you must contact the broker, bank or other nominee holding your shares and follow their instructions to change your vote or revoke your proxy. WHAT IF I DO NOT SPECIFY HOW MY SHARES ARE TO BE VOTED? Stockholder of Record: If you are a stockholder of record and do not vote by completing your proxy card, by telephone, through the Internet, or at the Annual Meeting, your shares will not be voted. If you return a signed and dated proxy card or otherwise vote without marking voting selections, your shares will be voted, as applicable: “FOR” the election of the three nominees as Class I directors, “FOR” the ratification of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2024, and “FOR” the approval, on an advisory, non-binding basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers, as disclosed in this Proxy Statement. If any other matter is properly presented at the meeting, your proxyholder (one of the individuals named on your proxy card) will vote your shares using his or her best judgment. Beneficial Owners: Broker non-votes occur when shares held by a broker for a beneficial owner are not voted either because (i) the broker did not receive voting instructions from the beneficial owner or (ii) the broker lacked discretionary authority to vote the shares. Abstentions represent a stockholder’s affirmative choice to decline to vote on a proposal, and occur when shares present at the meeting are marked “abstain.” Broker non-votes and abstentions are counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present. A broker has discretionary authority to vote shares held for a beneficial owner on “routine” matters without instructions from the beneficial owner of those shares. On the other hand, absent instructions from the beneficial owner of such shares, a broker is not entitled to vote shares held for a beneficial owner on “non-routine” matters. Brokers, banks or other nominees will not have discretionary voting power to vote your shares without your voting instructions on any of the items being considered at the Annual Meeting, except for Proposal 2 (ratification of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm). If you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name, in order to ensure your shares are voted in the way you would prefer, you must provide voting instructions to your broker, bank or other agent by the deadline provided in the materials you receive from your broker, bank or other agent. HOW ARE VOTES COUNTED? Votes will be counted by the inspector of election appointed for the Annual Meeting, who will separately count, for the proposal to elect directors, votes “For” and “Withhold” and broker non-votes; and, with respect to other proposals, votes “For” and “Against,” abstentions and, if applicable, broker non-votes. Broker non-votes have no effect and will not be counted towards the vote total for any proposal. PagerDuty 3 2023 Proxy Statement HOW MANY VOTES ARE NEEDED TO APPROVE EACH PROPOSAL? The following table summarizes the minimum vote needed to approve each proposal and the effect of abstentions and broker non-votes. Proposal Number Proposal Description Vote Required for Approval Effect of Abstentions Effect of Broker Non- Votes 1 2 3 Election of Directors Nominees receiving the most “For” votes; withheld votes will have no effect No effect No effect Ratification of the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2024. “For” votes from the holders of a majority of shares present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter Against Not applicable(1) An advisory, non-binding vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers “For” votes from the holders of a majority of shares present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter Against No effect (1) This proposal is considered to be a “routine” matter under the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) rules. Accordingly, if you hold your shares in street name and do not provide voting instructions to your broker, bank or other agent that holds your shares, your broker, bank or other agent has discretionary authority under NYSE rules to vote your shares on this proposal. WHAT IS THE QUORUM REQUIREMENT? A quorum of stockholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present if stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote are present virtually during the virtual meeting or represented by proxy. On the record date, there were 92,089,235 shares outstanding and entitled to vote. Thus, the holders of at least 46,044,618 shares must be present virtually or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting to have a quorum. Your shares will be counted towards the quorum only if you submit a valid proxy (or one is submitted on your behalf by your broker, bank or other agent) or if you vote at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted towards the quorum requirement. If there is no quorum, the holders of a majority of shares present virtually during the meeting or represented by proxy may adjourn the meeting to another date. WHY A VIRTUAL-ONLY ONLINE MEETING? Conducting the Annual Meeting virtually allows for remote participation and increases the opportunity for all stockholders to participate and communicate their views to a much wider audience. Stockholder rights are not affected. Additionally, we use software that verifies the identity of each participating stockholder and ensures during the question and answer portion of the meeting that they are granted the same rights they would have at an in-person meeting. Our virtual Annual Meeting allows stockholders to submit questions and comments before and during the Annual Meeting. After the Annual Meeting, we will spend up to 15 minutes answering stockholder questions that comply with the rules of conduct for the Annual Meeting, which will be posted on the virtual Annual Meeting web portal. If we receive substantially similar questions, we will group such questions together and provide a single response to avoid repetition. WHAT DOES IT MEAN IF I RECEIVE MORE THAN ONE NOTICE? If you receive more than one Notice, your shares may be registered in more than one name or in different accounts. Please follow the voting instructions on each of the Notices to ensure that all of your shares are voted. I SHARE AN ADDRESS WITH ANOTHER STOCKHOLDER, AND WE RECEIVED ONLY ONE PAPER COPY OF THE PROXY MATERIALS. HOW MAY I OBTAIN AN ADDITIONAL COPY OF THE PROXY MATERIALS? We have adopted an SEC-approved procedure called “householding.” Under this procedure, we will deliver only one copy of our Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, and for those stockholders that requested a paper copy of proxy materials in the mail, one copy of our Annual Report to stockholders and this Proxy Statement, to multiple stockholders who share the same address (if they appear to be members of the same family) unless we have received contrary instructions from PagerDuty 4 2023 Proxy Statement an affected stockholder. Stockholders who participate in householding will continue to receive separate proxy cards if they received a paper copy of proxy materials in the mail. This procedure reduces our printing and mailing costs. Upon written or oral request, we will promptly deliver a separate copy of the proxy materials and annual report to any stockholder at a shared address to which we delivered a single copy of any of these documents. To receive a separate copy, or, if you are receiving multiple copies, to request that we only send a single copy of next year’s proxy materials and annual report, you may contact us as follows: PagerDuty, Inc. Attention: Secretary 600 Townsend St., Suite 200 San Francisco, CA 94103 (844) 800-3889 Stockholders who hold shares in street name may contact their brokerage firm, bank, broker-dealer or other nominee to request information about householding. WHAT HAPPENS IF THE ANNUAL MEETING IS POSTPONED OR ADJOURNED? Your proxy may be voted at the postponed or adjourned Annual Meeting. You will still be able to change your proxy until it is voted. Any adjournment of the Annual Meeting can be accessed at the same website listed above and you may vote at any postponed or adjourned Annual Meeting using the control number listed in your Notice or proxy card. HOW CAN I FIND OUT THE RESULTS OF THE VOTING AT THE ANNUAL MEETING? Preliminary voting results will be announced at the Annual Meeting. In addition, final voting results will be published in a current report on Form 8-K that we expect to file within four business days after the Annual Meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Form 8-K within four business days after the meeting, we intend to file a Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and, within four business days after the final results are known to us, file an additional Form 8-K to publish the final results. WHO IS PAYING FOR THIS PROXY SOLICITATION? We will pay for the entire cost of soliciting proxies. In addition to these proxy materials, our directors and employees may also solicit proxies online, by telephone, or by other means of communication. Directors and employees will not be paid any additional compensation for soliciting proxies. We will also reimburse brokerage firms, banks and other agents for the cost of forwarding proxy materials to beneficial owners. WHEN ARE STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS AND DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS DUE FOR NEXT YEAR’S ANNUAL MEETING? To be considered for inclusion in next year’s proxy materials, your proposal must be submitted in writing by January 3, 2024, to our Secretary at 600 Townsend St., Suite 200, San Francisco, California 94103, and you must comply with all applicable requirements of Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws, if you wish to submit a proposal (including a director nomination) at the meeting that is not to be included in next year’s proxy materials, you must do so not later than the close of business on March 16, 2024 and no earlier than the close of business on February 15, 2024; provided, however, that if next year’s annual meeting is advanced more than 30 days prior to or delayed by more than 30 days after June 14, 2024, your proposal must be submitted not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of such meeting is first made. You are advised to review our amended and restated bylaws, which contain additional requirements about advance notice of stockholder proposals and director nominations. In order for stockholders to give timely notice of director nominations at our 2024 annual meeting for inclusion on a universal proxy card under Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act (“Rule 14a-19”), notice must be submitted by the same deadlines as disclosed above which are set forth in our amended and restated bylaws and must also include the information in the notice required by our amended and restated bylaws and by Rule 14a-19(b)(2) and Rule 14a-19(b)(3) of the Exchange Act. PagerDuty 5 2023 Proxy Statement Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Our business is managed under the direction of our Board of Directors (the “Board”), which currently has nine members. Seven of our directors are independent within the meaning of the independence requirements of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). Our Board is divided into three classes. Each class consists, as nearly as possible, of one-third of the total number of directors, and each class has a three-year term. Vacancies on the Board may be filled only by persons elected by a majority of the remaining directors. A director elected by the Board to fill a vacancy in a class, including vacancies created by an increase in the number of directors, shall serve for the remainder of the full term of that class and until the director’s successor is duly elected and qualified. There are three directors in the class whose term of office expires in 2023. Each of the nominees listed below is currently a director of the Company. Mr. Losch was first identified as a prospective director candidate by recommendation of members of our Board. If elected at the Annual Meeting, each of these nominees would serve until the 2026 annual meeting and until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified, or, if sooner, until the director’s death, resignation or removal. It is the Company’s policy to encourage directors and nominees for director to attend the Annual Meeting. All current members of our Board at the time of the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders attended the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, with the exception of Ms. Gomez and Mr. Gallimore. Below is a summary of the primary experience, qualifications and skills that our director nominees and continuing directors bring to the Board: Experience Description Public Company CEO Directors who have served as public company CEOs are important to us because they have the experience and perspective to analyze, shape, and oversee the execution of important operational and policy issues Number of Directors with the Experience nnnnnnnnn Global Experience Global experience can provide valuable business and cultural perspectives regarding many important aspects of our business as we are a global organization with sales and other offices around the world nnnnnnnnn Technology, Product, and Cybersecurity Directors with deep insight in technology infrastructure, business products, and cybersecurity risks are particularly important to us given our focus on product innovation and expanding our service offerings nnnnnnnnn Sales and Marketing Finance Experience building global sales, marketing, and brand-building in new markets and opportunities for innovation and disruption are important to us to grow our revenue nnnnnnnnn Directors with significant expertise in corporate finance, financial accounting, financial strategy, and financial reporting are valuable to us in order to promote effective capital allocation, robust controls, and oversight nnnnnnnnn Corporate Development, Strategy, and M&A Experience in business development, corporate strategy, and mergers and acquisitions that includes skills in assessing and analyzing proposed acquisitions along with the Company’s strategy and long-term corporate development nnnnnnnnn Human Capital Management / Talent / Inclusion and Diversity Expertise in the implementation of a successful framework for workforce acquisition, management, and optimization, and aligning company culture that results in the attraction, development and retention of top candidates with diverse skills and backgrounds are important to us because our corporate culture is critical component of our success nnnnnnnnn Scaling a SaaS Company Directors with experience growing successful SaaS companies, reaching scale and maturity are important to us as we scale to become a $1B revenue company nnnnnnnnn Governance, Risk, Regulatory, and Compliance Experience in public company corporate governance, enterprise risk, privacy, compliance, regulatory, public policy, and creating long term sustainable value are extremely relevant to PagerDuty’s business and important to us in order to protect stockholder value, while balancing other constituencies’ interests nnnnnnnnn PagerDuty 6 2023 Proxy Statement The following table sets forth information, as of April 18, 2023, with respect to our directors who we expect to continue in office after the Annual Meeting, including the three nominees for election at the Annual Meeting: Name Age Director Since Independent Audit Compensation Corporate Governance and Nominating Class I Directors-Nominees for Election at the Current Annual Meeting Jennifer Tejada Sameer Dholakia William Losch 52 49 61 July 2016 December 2019 August 2022 X X Class II Directors-Continuing in Office until the 2024 Annual Meeting Alec Gallimore Rathi Murthy Alex Solomon 59 57 40 November 2020 March 2019 November 2010 X X Class III Directors-Continuing in Office until the 2025 Annual Meeting Elena Gomez Zachary Nelson Bonita Stewart 53 61 65 October 2018 June 2018 January 2021 X X X X X Chair X X X Chair Chair X X Board Diversity GENDER 44% Female ETHNIC DIVERSITY 67% Ethnically Diverse INDEPENDENCE 78% Independent PagerDuty 7 2023 Proxy Statement 45FemaleMale63Ethnically DiverseNon-Diverse72IndependentNon-Independent The following is a brief biography of each nominee and each director whose term will continue after the Annual Meeting. Nominees for Election for a Three-Year Term Expiring at the 2026 Annual Meeting Jennifer Tejada AGE: 52 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2016 Sameer Dholakia AGE: 49 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2019 Ms. Tejada has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our Board since July 2016. From July 2013 to July 2015, Ms. Tejada served as President and Chief Executive Officer at Keynote Systems, Inc., a software company specializing in digital performance analytics and web and mobile testing. Ms. Tejada currently serves on the board of directors of The Estée Lauder Companies Inc., a multinational manufacturer and marketer of beauty products, and she previously served on the board of directors of UiPath, Inc., global software company that develops a platform for robotic process automation, from September 2020 until April 2023. Prior to her role at PagerDuty, Ms. Tejada was the CEO of Keynote Systems where she led the company to strong profitable growth before its acquisition by Dynatrace in 2015. Before Keynote, Ms. Tejada was Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer at the enterprise software company Mincom leading its global strategy up to its acquisition in late 2011 by ABB. She has also held senior positions at Procter & Gamble and i2 Technologies (acquired by JDA Software). Ms. Tejada holds a B.A. in Business Management and Organizational Behavior from the University of Michigan. Ms. Tejada was selected to serve on our Board because of the experience and perspective she provides as our Chief Executive Officer, as well as her broad executive experience successfully leading, scaling, and optimizing global technology companies. Mr. Dholakia has served on our Board since December 2019. Mr. Dholakia has served as a partner at Bessemer Venture Partners, a venture capital and private equity firm, since May 2022, and has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Twilio SendGrid at Twilio, Inc., a cloud communication platform, from Twilio’s acquisition of SendGrid, Inc., a customer communication platform, in February 2019 to June 2020. From 2014 to February 2019, he served as the Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of SendGrid, Inc. and as Chairman of the board from September 2017 to February 2019. Prior to joining SendGrid, Mr. Dholakia served at Citrix Systems, Inc., an enterprise software company, as Group Vice President and General Manager of the Cloud Platforms group from 2011 to 2014 and as the Vice President of Marketing from 2010 to 2011. He joined Citrix in 2010 following Citrix’s acquisition of VMLogix, Inc., a provider of virtualization management software, where he served as Chief Executive Officer from 2007 to 2010. Mr. Dholakia has also served on the board of directors of ServiceTitan, Inc., a software company, since 2021. Mr. Dholakia holds a B.A. in Economics and an M.A. in Organizational Studies from Stanford University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. Mr. Dholakia was selected to serve on our Board because of his wealth of knowledge in building and scaling great companies, extensive experience working in the technology sector, and senior leadership experience at technology companies. PagerDuty 8 2023 Proxy Statement Mr. Losch has served on our Board since August 2022. He has been an advisor to Okta, Inc., an identity management platform for enterprises, since his retirement as Chief Financial Officer of Okta in March 2021. From June 2013 until his retirement in March 2021, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Okta, and from June 2007 to June 2013, he served as Chief Financial Officer at MobiTV, Inc., a technology platform provider of multiscreen video delivery services. From October 2004 to May 2007, he served as the Chief Accounting Officer at DreamWorks Animation, SKG, Inc., an animation company. From March 1998 to July 2003, he served in various finance positions, most recently as Vice President of Finance and Chief Accounting Officer, at Yahoo! Inc., an internet company. Mr. Losch currently serves on the boards of directors of two private companies: Druva, Inc., a cloud data protection and management as a service and Onfido, Inc. an identity verification and authentication provider. Mr. Losch holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of California, Los Angeles. Mr. Losch was selected to serve on our Board because of his more than three decades of successful experience providing financial and operational leadership for high-performing SaaS companies. William Losch AGE: 61 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2022 Directors Continuing in Office Until the 2024 Annual Meeting Dr. Gallimore has served on our Board since November 2020. Dr. Gallimore has served as the Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering at the University of Michigan since 2016 and the Richard F. and Eleanor A. Towner Professor of Engineering at the University of Michigan since 2015. He has held various positions of increasing responsibility at the University of Michigan since joining the institution in 1992. Starting on July 1, 2023, Dr. Gallimore will serve as Duke University’s next provost and chief academic officer. Dr. Gallimore has served on several NASA and U.S. Department of Defense boards and studies, including as a member of the United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. He is a fellow of the American Institute of Astronautics and Aeronautics and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Gallimore currently serves on the board of directors for ANSYS, Inc., an engineering simulation software company, on the board of trustees for the Institute for Defense Analyses (a not-for-profit entity), and as a non-executive director for Bechtel Corporation, an engineering, procurement, construction, and project management company. Dr. Gallimore holds a B.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, with a focus on plasma physics, from Princeton University. Dr. Gallimore was selected to serve on our Board because of his extensive technical expertise and experience, and leadership in engineering R&D and education. Alec Gallimore AGE: 59 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2020 PagerDuty 9 2023 Proxy Statement Ms. Murthy has served on our Board since March 2019. Since June 2021, Ms. Murthy has served as the President & Chief Technology Officer of Expedia Group, managing all of product and technology. Ms. Murthy previously served as the Chief Technology Officer of Verizon Media, a division of Verizon Communications, Inc., a telecommunications company, from January 2020 until May 2021. Ms. Murthy served as Chief Technology Officer at Gap Inc., a clothing and accessories retailer, from March 2016 to January 2020. From September 2012 to March 2016, Ms. Murthy served in various roles at American Express Company, a multinational financial services company, including Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer of Enterprise Growth from January 2015 to March 2016 and Vice President, Technology from September 2012 to January 2015. Ms. Murthy holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Bangalore University and an M.S. in Computer Engineering from Santa Clara University. Ms. Murthy was selected to serve on our Board because of her extensive technology and engineering experience, developing and building platforms and products for emerging technologies, and senior leadership experience in technology at public companies. Mr. Solomon co-founded our company and has served as our General Manager of Flexible Platform since January 2021, and as a member of our Board since November 2010. Mr. Solomon served as our Chief Technology Officer from July 2016 to January 2021, and as our Chief Executive Officer from May 2010 to July 2016. Mr. Solomon holds a B.S.E. from the University of Waterloo. Mr. Solomon was selected to serve on our Board because of his experience as our co-founder and former Chief Executive Officer. Rathi Murthy AGE: 57 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2019 Alex Solomon AGE: 40 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2010 PagerDuty 10 2023 Proxy Statement Directors Continuing in Office Until the 2025 Annual Meeting Ms. Gomez has served on our Board since October 2018. Ms. Gomez is currently the Chief Financial Officer of Toast, Inc., a cloud-based restaurant software company. From May 2016 until May 2021, Ms. Gomez served as Chief Financial Officer at Zendesk, Inc., a global company that builds software for customer service and engagement. From July 2010 to April 2016, Ms. Gomez served in senior finance roles at Salesforce, Inc., a global enterprise software company, including Senior Vice President Go To Market Distribution from July 2015 to April 2016, Vice President Sales and Support and Marketing Finance from June 2011 to June 2015, and Senior Director Marketing and General and Administrative Finance from July 2010 to June 2011. Prior to that, she held finance roles at Visa Inc., a financial services company, and The Charles Schwab Corporation, a brokerage and banking company. Ms. Gomez currently serves on the board of directors of Smartsheet Inc. and on the board of directors of the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. Ms. Gomez holds a B.S. in Business Administration from the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. Ms. Gomez was selected to serve on our Board because of her financial expertise as well as her extensive experience working in the technology sector and senior leadership experience at technology companies and public companies. Mr. Nelson has served on our Board since June 2018. Since December 2021, he has served as Chief Executive Officer of ZE Investments, a private investment company. From July 2002 to June 2017, Mr. Nelson served as the Chief Executive Officer at NetSuite Inc., a business management software company that was acquired by Oracle Corporation, a computer technology company, in November 2016. Since August 2021, Mr. Nelson has served on the board of directors as well as the audit committee of Freshworks, Inc., a software solutions company. Since January 2022, he has served on the board of directors of Snyk Limited, a provider of developer-first tooling and security intelligence. Mr. Nelson holds a B.S. in Biological Sciences and an M.A. in Anthropology from Stanford University. Mr. Nelson was selected to serve on our Board because of his experience building and scaling high-velocity cloud software companies and senior leadership experience at technology companies. Elena Gomez AGE: 53 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2018 Zachary Nelson AGE: 61 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2018 PagerDuty 11 2023 Proxy Statement Ms. Stewart has served on our Board since January 2021. Since 2006, Ms. Stewart has served in various roles at Google, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., a global technology company, including her current role as Board Partner for Gradient Ventures, Google’s early stage venture fund investing in artificial intelligence enabled companies. At Google, Ms. Stewart previously served as Vice President, Global Partnerships from July 2016 to June 2020; as Vice President, Americas, Partner Business Solutions from August 2012 to December 2015; as Vice President, U.S. Sales and Operations from 2011 to 2012; as Managing Director, U.S. Sales from 2009 to 2010; and as Industry Director, U.S. Automotive from 2006 to 2009. Ms. Stewart has served on the board of directors of Deckers Outdoor Corporation, a footwear design and distribution company, since September 2014. She also served on the boards of directors of PluralSight, Inc., a leading cloud- based technology skills development platform, from October 2018 to April 2021, and Volta, Inc., an electric vehicle charging infrastructure network, from August 2021 until March 2023. Ms. Stewart holds a B.A. degree in Journalism from Howard University and an M.B.A. degree from Harvard Business School. Ms. Stewart was selected to serve on our Board because of her extensive experience leading multi-billion dollar operations, accelerating digital technology adoption and driving business transformation for major corporations in the IT, automotive and technology fields. Bonita Stewart AGE: 65 DIRECTOR SINCE: 2021 Director Independence Our common stock is listed on the NYSE. Under the listing requirements and rules of the NYSE, independent directors must comprise a majority of our Board. In addition, the rules of the NYSE require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Under the rules of the NYSE, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if the Board determines that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Compensation committee members must not have a relationship with us that is material to the director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member. Additionally, audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. To be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors or any other board committee accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries. Our Board has undertaken a review of the independence of the directors and considered whether any director has a material relationship with us that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities as required by the rules of the NYSE. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning such director’s background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our Board determined that Mmes. Gomez, Murthy and Stewart and Messrs. Dholakia, Gallimore, Losch, and Nelson, representing seven of our nine directors, are “independent directors” as defined under current rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. In making these determinations, our Board considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with the Company and all other facts and circumstances that our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director and the transactions involving them described in “Transactions with Related Persons and Indemnification—Certain Related Person Transactions.” PagerDuty 12 2023 Proxy Statement Board Leadership Structure Jennifer Tejada, our Chief Executive Officer, serves as Chair of our Board and presides over meetings of our Board and carries out such other duties as are customarily carried out by the chair of a board. Ms. Tejada brings valuable insight to our Board due to the perspective and experience she brings as Chief Executive Officer. Our Board has appointed Zachary Nelson to serve as our presiding director. Our presiding director presides over periodic meetings of our independent directors, serves as a liaison between our Chair of the Board and the independent directors, and performs such additional duties as our Board may otherwise determine and delegate. Role of the Board in Risk Oversight One of the Board’s key functions is informed oversight of the Company’s risk management process which risks include, among others, strategic, financial, business and operational, cybersecurity, legal and regulatory compliance, and reputational risks. The Board believes that its current leadership structure facilitates its risk oversight responsibilities. In particular, the Board believes the majority-independent Board and independent Board committees provide a well-functioning and effective balance. Although the Board does not have a standing risk management committee, it administers this oversight function directly through the Audit Committee, the Board as a whole, as well as through its other standing committees that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. In particular, the Board is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, including a determination of the nature and level of risk appropriate for the Company. The Audit Committee has the responsibility to consider and discuss our major financial risk exposures and the steps our management has taken to monitor and control these exposures, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken. Furthermore, the Audit Committee plays a role in overseeing risks associated with cybersecurity, information security and data privacy, and regularly reviews with management the Company’s data security programs and assessment, management and mitigation of such risks. The Audit Committee also monitors compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, in addition to oversight of the performance of our internal audit function. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) oversees risks related to our overall corporate governance, including Board and committee composition, Board size and structure and director independence, as well as succession planning. The Compensation Committee assesses and monitors whether any of our compensation policies and programs has the potential to encourage excessive risk-taking. Both the Board as a whole and the various standing committees receive periodic reports from executive management, as well as incidental reports as matters may arise. It is the responsibility of the committee chairs to report findings regarding material risk exposures to the Board as appropriate. Meetings of the Board Our Board is responsible for the oversight of company management and the strategy of the Company and for establishing corporate policies. Our Board and its committees meet throughout the year on a regular schedule, and also hold special meetings and act by written consent from time to time. The Board met seven times during the last fiscal year. All Board members attended 75% or more of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and of the committees on which he or she served, held during the portion of the last fiscal year for which he or she was a director or committee member, except Mr. Solomon, who attended five of the seven Board meetings, or 71.43% of such meetings, missing two special Board meetings due to previous commitments. We encourage our directors and nominees for director to attend our annual meeting of stockholders. All current members of our Board at the time of the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders attended the meeting with the exception of Mr. Gallimore and Ms. Gomez. PagerDuty 13 2023 Proxy Statement Committees of the Board Our Board has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating Committee. From time to time, our Board may establish other committees to facilitate the management of our business. The composition and responsibilities of each of the committees as of May 2, 2023 is described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by the Board. Each committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. Copies of each charter are posted on our website at https://investor.pagerduty.com/governance/governance- documents. The inclusion of our website address in this Proxy Statement does not include or incorporate by reference the information on our website into this Proxy Statement. Name of Director Jennifer Tejada Sameer Dholakia Alec Gallimore Elena Gomez William Losch Rathi Murthy Zachary Nelson Alex Solomon Bonita Stewart Audit Committee Compensation Committee Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Member Member Chair Member Member Chair Chair Member Member Member Total Number of Meetings in Fiscal Year 2023 4 7 4 PagerDuty 14 2023 Proxy Statement Audit Committee MEMBERS: ELENA GOMEZ (CHAIR) ALEC GALLIMORE WILLIAM LOSCH BONITA STEWART The Audit Committee oversees the Company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of its financial statements. The principal duties and responsibilities of our Audit Committee include, among other things: • helping our Board oversee our corporate accounting and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control, and financial statement audits, and the integrity of our financial statements; • managing the selection, engagement terms, fees, qualifications, independence, and performance of qualified firms to serve as independent registered public accounting firms to audit our financial statements; • • • • • • • discussing the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firms, and reviewing, with management and the independent accountants, our interim and year-end operating results; developing and reviewing procedures for employees to submit concerns anonymously about questionable accounting or auditing matters; overseeing our risk identification, assessment and management practices, processes and policies in all areas of our business, including financial and accounting; overseeing compliance with our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics; reviewing and approving related-party transactions; obtaining and reviewing a report by the independent registered public accounting firms, at least annually, that describes the firm’s internal quality- control procedures, any material issues with such procedures, and any steps taken to address such issues when required by applicable law; and approving (or, as permitted, pre-approving) all audit and all permissible non- audit services, other than de minimis non-audit services, to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firms. Each member of our Audit Committee meets the requirements for independence under the listing standards of the NYSE and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. Each member of our Audit Committee also meets the financial literacy requirements of the listing standards of the NYSE. In addition, our Board has determined that each of Ms. Gomez and Mr. Losch is an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). PagerDuty 15 2023 Proxy Statement Compensation Committee MEMBERS: ZACHARY NELSON (CHAIR) SAMEER DHOLAKIA RATHI MURTHY Our Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things: • • • • • reviewing and approving, or recommending that our Board approve, the compensatory arrangements of our executive officers and other senior management, as appropriate; reviewing and recommending to our Board the compensation of our non- employee directors; administering our equity award plans, compensation plans and similar programs; evaluating and adopting compensation plans and programs and evaluating and recommending to our Board for approval the modification or termination of our existing plans and programs; and reviewing and establishing general policies relating to compensation and benefits of our employees and reviewing our overall compensation strategy. Each member of our Compensation Committee meets the requirements for independence under the listing standards of the NYSE and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. Each member of the compensation committee is also a non- employee director, as defined pursuant to Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. COMPENSATION COMMITTEE PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES Typically, the Compensation Committee meets quarterly and with greater frequency, if necessary. The agenda for each meeting is usually developed by the Chair of the Compensation Committee, in consultation with the Company’s Chief People Officer and Compensia, Inc. (“Compensia”). The Compensation Committee meets regularly in executive session. However, from time to time, various members of management and other employees as well as outside advisors or consultants may be invited by the Compensation Committee to make presentations, to provide financial or other background information or advice or to otherwise participate in Compensation Committee meetings. The Chief Executive Officer may not participate in, or be present during, any deliberations or determinations of the Compensation Committee regarding her compensation or individual performance objectives. The charter of the Compensation Committee grants the Compensation Committee full access to all books, records, facilities and personnel of the Company. In addition, under the charter, the Compensation Committee has the authority to obtain, at the expense of the Company, advice and assistance from compensation consultants and internal and external legal, accounting or other advisors and other external resources that the Compensation Committee considers necessary or appropriate in the performance of its duties. The Compensation Committee has direct responsibility for the oversight of the work of any consultants or advisors engaged for the purpose of advising the Compensation Committee. In particular, the Compensation Committee has the sole authority to retain, in its sole discretion, compensation consultants to assist in its evaluation of executive and director compensation, including the authority to approve the consultant’s reasonable fees and other retention terms. Under the charter, the Compensation Committee may select, or receive advice from, a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other advisor to the Compensation Committee, other than in-house legal counsel and certain other types of advisors, only after taking into consideration six factors, prescribed by the SEC and the NYSE, that bear upon the advisor’s independence; however, there is no requirement that any advisor be independent. PagerDuty 16 2023 Proxy Statement During the past fiscal year, after taking into consideration the six factors prescribed by the SEC and the NYSE, the Compensation Committee engaged Compensia as its compensation consultant. The Compensation Committee requested that Compensia: • • • assist in evaluating, developing and implementing an executive compensation program in connection with the Company’s transition to a public company; assist in developing a non-employee director compensation program; and develop a comparative group of companies and perform analyses of competitive performance and compensation levels for that group. Compensia representatives meet regularly with our Compensation Committee during its regular meetings, including in executive sessions from time to time without any members of management present. Compensia works directly with our Compensation Committee (and not on behalf of management) to assist our Compensation Committee in satisfying its responsibilities and will undertake no projects for management without our Compensation Committee’s approval. No work performed by Compensia during fiscal year 2023 raised a conflict of interest. Under its charter, the Compensation Committee may form, and delegate authority to, subcommittees as appropriate. In fiscal year 2023, the Compensation Committee delegated authority to the Chief Executive Officer to grant, without any further action required by the Compensation Committee, equity awards to employees and consultants who are not officers or directors of the Company or direct-reports to the Chief Executive Officer. The purpose of this delegation of authority is to enhance the flexibility of equity award administration within the Company and to facilitate the timely grant of equity awards to non-executive employees, particularly new employees, within specified limits approved by the Compensation Committee. In particular, under this delegation of authority, the Chief Executive Officer may make awards in an individual amount of up to 100,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) or stock options to purchase up to 200,000 shares or a combination of 150,000 RSUs and stock options, subject to an aggregate value limit of $2 million, to eligible employees per fiscal year. Typically, as part of its oversight function, the Compensation Committee will review the list of grants made by the Chief Executive Officer at each regularly scheduled meeting. The Compensation Committee considers matters related to individual compensation, such as compensation for new executive hires, as well as high-level strategic issues, such as the efficacy of the Company’s compensation strategy, potential modifications to that strategy and new trends, plans or approaches to compensation, at various meetings throughout the year. Generally, the Compensation Committee’s process comprises two related elements: the determination of compensation levels and the establishment of performance objectives for the current year. For executives other than the Chief Executive Officer, the Compensation Committee solicits and considers evaluations and recommendations submitted to the Compensation Committee by the Chief Executive Officer. In the case of the Chief Executive Officer, the evaluation of her performance is conducted by the Compensation Committee, which determines any adjustments to her compensation as well as awards to be granted. For all executives as part of its deliberations, the Compensation Committee may review and consider, as appropriate, materials such as financial reports and projections, operational data, tax and accounting information, tally sheets that set forth the total compensation that may become payable to executives in various hypothetical scenarios, stock ownership information, Company stock performance data, analyses of historical executive compensation levels and current Company-wide compensation levels, and recommendations of the Compensation Committee’s compensation consultant, including analyses of executive compensation paid at other companies identified by the compensation consultant. COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION Our Compensation Committee is currently comprised of Messrs. Nelson and Dholakia and Ms. Murthy, none of whom is or has been an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our Board or Compensation Committee. PagerDuty 17 2023 Proxy Statement Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee MEMBERS: RATHI MURTHY (CHAIR) ZACHARY NELSON BONITA STEWART Our Nominating Committee is responsible for, among other things: • • • • • • • identifying and evaluating candidates, including the nomination of incumbent directors for re-election and nominees recommended by stockholders, to serve on our Board; reviewing the performance of our Board, including committees of the Board, and management; considering and making recommendations to our Board regarding the composition of our Board and its committees; instituting plans or programs for the continuing education of directors and orientation of new directors; reviewing our environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) activities and programs and, as appropriate, our public disclosures related to ESG matters; developing and making recommendations to our Board regarding corporate governance guidelines and matters; and reviewing plans for succession to the offices of our executive officers and making recommendations to our Board regarding selection of appropriate individuals to succeed to these positions. Each member of our Nominating Committee meets the requirements for independence under the listing standards of the NYSE. CONSIDERATIONS IN EVALUATING DIRECTOR NOMINEES Our Nominating Committee uses a variety of methods for identifying and evaluating potential director candidates. In its evaluation of director candidates, including the current directors eligible for re-election, our Nominating Committee will consider the current size and composition of our Board and the needs of our Board and the respective committees of our Board. Some of the qualifications that our Nominating Committee considers include, without limitation, experience of particular relevance to us and our Board, accomplishments, superior credentials, independence, area of expertise, and the highest ethical and moral standards. Although our Board does not maintain a specific policy with respect to board diversity, our Board believes that the Board should be a diverse body, and the Nominating Committee considers a broad range of backgrounds and experiences. Our Board regularly assesses the diversity of its members and nominees as part of its annual evaluation process. Our Board believes that our directors represent a diverse and broad range of attributes, qualifications, experiences, and skills to provide an effective mix of viewpoints and knowledge. Our Board includes four female directors and a majority of the directors on our Board are from underrepresented minority groups. In making determinations regarding nominations of directors, the Nominating Committee may take into account the benefits of diverse viewpoints. Any search firm retained by our Nominating Committee to find director candidates would be instructed to take into account all of the considerations used by our Nominating Committee. After completing its review and evaluation of director candidates, our Nominating Committee recommends to our full Board the director nominees for selection. STOCKHOLDER RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NOMINATIONS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Our Nominating Committee will consider candidates for director recommended by our stockholders who are stockholders of record at the time of the submission of the director recommendation and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting, so long as such recommendations comply with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and applicable laws, rules and regulations, including those promulgated by the SEC. The Nominating Committee will evaluate such recommendations in accordance with its charter, our amended and restated bylaws, our policies and procedures for director candidates, as well as the regular director nominee criteria described above. This process is designed to ensure that our Board includes members with diverse backgrounds, skills and experience, including appropriate financial and other expertise relevant to our business. PagerDuty 18 2023 Proxy Statement Stockholders who wish to recommend individuals for consideration by the Nominating Committee to become nominees for election to the Board may do so by delivering a written recommendation to the Nominating Committee at the following address: c/o PagerDuty, Inc., 600 Townsend St., Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94103, Attn: Secretary, no later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. Submissions must include the full name and address of the stockholder on whose behalf the submission is made, the number of shares owned beneficially by such stockholder as of the date of the submission, the full name of the proposed nominee, a description of the proposed nominee’s business experience for at least the previous five years, complete biographical information, a description of the proposed nominee’s qualifications as a director and any additional information required by our amended and restated bylaws. Our Nominating Committee has discretion to decide which individuals to recommend for nomination as directors. Any such submission must be accompanied by the written consent of the proposed nominee to be named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected. Communications with our Board of Directors Stockholders or interested parties who wish to communicate with our Board or with an individual director may do so by mail to our Board or the individual director, care of our Secretary at 600 Townsend St., Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94103. The communication should indicate that it contains a stockholder or interested party communication. Our General Counsel or his/ her designee, in consultation with appropriate directors as necessary, will review all incoming communications and, if appropriate, all such communications will be forwarded to the director or directors to whom the communications are addressed or, if none are specified, to the Chair of our Board. Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Our Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines. These guidelines address items such as the qualifications and responsibilities of our directors and director candidates and corporate governance policies and standards applicable to us in general. In addition, our Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and other executive and senior financial officers. The full text of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our investor relations webpage at https://investor.pagerduty.com/governance/governance-documents. We intend to post any amendments to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and any waivers of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for directors and executive officers, on the same website or in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC. The inclusion of our website address in this Proxy Statement does not include or incorporate by reference into this Proxy Statement the information on or accessible through our website. PagerDuty 19 2023 Proxy Statement Director Compensation The following table sets forth information regarding the compensation of our directors during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, other than Jennifer Tejada, our Chief Executive Officer, who is also a member of our Board but did not receive any additional compensation for service as a director. The compensation of Ms. Tejada as a named executive officer is set forth below under “Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023.” The table below includes information regarding the compensation of Alex Solomon, our co-founder and Chief Technology Officer, who is an employee of the Company and a member of our Board, but did not receive any compensation for service as a director. Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) Option Awards ($)(1)(2) Stock Awards ($)(1)(2) All Other Compensation ($) Name Sameer Dholakia Alec Gallimore Elena Gomez William Losch(3) Rathi Murthy Zachary Nelson Alex Solomon(4) Bonita Stewart 51,048 45,000 55,000 21,699 50,500 54,000 — 49,000 — — — — — — — — 184,988 184,988 184,988 449,988 184,988 184,988 904,640 184,988 Total ($) 236,036 229,988 239,988 471,687 235,488 238,988 — — — — — — 281,646 1,186,286 — 233,988 (1) The amounts disclosed represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock awards granted under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification ASC Topic 718 (ASC Topic 718). Such grant-date fair value does not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value of the stock awards reported in these columns are set forth in the notes to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report. These amounts do not reflect the actual economic value that may be realized by the director. For additional information, refer to Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. (2) As of January 31, 2023, our non-employee directors held outstanding stock options to purchase shares of common stock and outstanding RSUs. Ms. Gomez and Ms. Murthy held 181,140 and 148,881 outstanding stock options, respectively. Mr. Dholakia, Mr. Gallimore, Ms. Gomez, Mr. Losch, Ms. Murthy, Mr. Nelson, and Ms. Stewart held 7,695, 12,082, 7,695, 16,094, 7,695, 7,695, and 11,110 outstanding RSUs, respectively. This includes awards for non-employee director compensation as well as non-director compensation for Mr. Solomon, who does not receive additional compensation for service as a director. (3) Mr. Losch was appointed to the Board on August 9, 2022. (4) Mr. Solomon is an employee of the Company and only received compensation in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, for his services as an employee. In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, Mr. Solomon earned a salary of $208,333, bonus of $72,418, received a gift card ($600) that every eligible employee received as well as the associated tax gross-up ($295) on such gift card, an RSU stock award with a grant date fair value of $723,719 and a PSU award with a grant date fair value of $180,921, in each case computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718. With respect to PSU award, the grant date fair value in the table is calculated assuming probable outcome of the applicable performance condition, measured as of the grant date in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The grant date fair value of the PSU award, assuming achievement of the maximum level of performance under the applicable performance conditions is $361,842. The shares underlying the RSU award vests in 16 quarterly installments, commencing three months after the grant date, subject to continuous service through each such date. The units subject to the PSU award vest, if at all, based upon the same performance conditions and vesting requirements as the PSU awards granted to our NEOs on April 2, 2022, as further described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Compensation Elements – Design of Fiscal 2023 PSU Awards” below. Because the performance metric for the PSUs was not met, this resulted in 0% of the target PSUs granted to Mr. Solomon becoming eligible PSUs, and as a result, all of the PSUs granted to Mr. Solomon in fiscal 2023 were canceled in their entirety. Mr. Solomon did not receive any additional compensation for service as a director. PagerDuty 20 2023 Proxy Statement STOCKHOLDER RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NOMINATIONS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS In March 2019, our Board approved a director compensation policy for non-employee directors that became effective in connection with our initial public offering (“IPO”). Pursuant to this policy, our non-employee directors receive the following compensation. Equity Compensation Any person who is elected or appointed as a non-employee director for the first time will receive an initial award of RSUs having a value of $450,000 on the date of grant (the “Initial Grant”). The Initial Grant will vest in three equal annual installments on the anniversary date on which the non-employee director was appointed to our Board, subject to the director’s continuous service to us through each such date. On the date of each annual meeting of stockholders, each non-employee director who will continue as a non- employee director following such meeting will be granted an annual award of RSUs having a fair market value of $185,000 on the date of grant (the “Annual Grant”). The Annual Grant will fully vest on the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or immediately prior to the next annual meeting of stockholders, subject to the director’s continuous service to us through each such date. A non-employee director who is elected for the first time six months or less prior to the date of our next annual meeting of stockholders will not be eligible to receive such Annual Grant at the first annual meeting of stockholders following his or her appointment or election. Cash Compensation In addition, each non-employee director is entitled to receive the following cash compensation for services on our Board and its committees as follows: • • • • $35,000 annual cash retainer for service as a Board member and an additional annual cash retainer of $15,000 for service as lead independent director of our Board, if any; $20,000 annual cash retainer for service as chair of the Audit Committee and $10,000 per year for service as a member of the Audit Committee; $15,000 annual cash retainer for service as chair of the Compensation Committee and $7,500 per year for service as a member of the Compensation Committee; and $8,000 annual cash retainer for service as chair of the Nominating Committee and $4,000 per year for service as a member of the Nominating Committee. The annual cash compensation amounts are payable in equal quarterly installments, in arrears following the end of each quarter in which the service occurred, pro-rated for any partial quarters. Director Compensation Limits Director compensation limits are in place that may not be increased without stockholder approval. Under the terms of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock subject to awards granted and cash fees paid by us during any one calendar year to any non-employee director for service on our Board will not exceed $750,000 in total value (calculating the value of the awards based on the grant date fair value for financial reporting purposes), or, with respect to the calendar year in which a non-employee director is first appointed or elected to our Board, $1,000,000. Expenses We will reimburse each eligible non-employee director for ordinary, necessary and reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses to cover in-person attendance at and participation in meetings of our Board and any committee of the Board. PagerDuty 21 2023 Proxy Statement PROPOSAL 1 Election of Directors Our Board currently has nine members, and, in accordance with our certificate of incorporation, is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. One class is elected each year at the annual meeting of stockholders for a term of three years. At the Annual Meeting, three Class I directors will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the same class whose term is then expiring. Each director’s term continues until the election and qualification of such director’s successor, or such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal. There are three Class I directors in the class whose term of office expires in 2023: n Jennifer Tejada n Sameer Dholakia n William Losch Nominees Our Board has nominated Jennifer Tejada, Sameer Dholakia and William Losch for election as Class I directors at the Annual Meeting. If elected, each of Ms. Tejada, Mr. Dholakia and Mr. Losch will serve as Class I directors until the 2026 annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified, or their earlier death, resignation or removal. Each of the nominees is currently a director of the Company. For information concerning the nominees, see the section titled “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance.” Unless you direct otherwise through your proxy voting instructions, the persons named as proxies will vote all proxies received “FOR” the election of each nominee. If any nominee is unable or unwilling to serve at the time of the Annual Meeting, the persons named as proxies may vote for a substitute nominee chosen by the present Board. In the alternative, the proxies may vote only for the remaining nominee, leaving a vacancy on our Board. Our Board may fill such vacancy at a later date or reduce the size of our Board. Each of the nominees is a current member of our Board and has consented to serve if elected, and we have no reason to believe that any of the nominees will be unwilling or unable to serve if elected as a director. Vote Required The election of Class I directors requires a plurality vote of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon to be approved. Accordingly, the three nominees receiving the highest number of “FOR” votes will be elected. Broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal. THE BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE ELECTION OF EACH OF THE THREE DIRECTORS NOMINATED BY OUR BOARD AND NAMED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT AS CLASS I DIRECTORS TO SERVE FOR A THREE-YEAR TERM. PagerDuty 22 2023 Proxy Statement PROPOSAL 2 Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Our Audit Committee has appointed Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm to audit our consolidated financial statements for our fiscal year ending January 31, 2024. Ernst & Young LLP has served as our independent registered public accounting firm since 2015. At the Annual Meeting, stockholders are being asked to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending January 31, 2024. Stockholder ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP is not required by our bylaws or other applicable legal requirements. However, our Board is submitting the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP to our stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate governance. In the event that this appointment is not ratified by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote, such appointment will be reconsidered by our Audit Committee. Even if the appointment is ratified, our Audit Committee, in its sole discretion, may appoint another independent registered public accounting firm at any time during our fiscal year ending January 31, 2024 if our Audit Committee believes that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. If the appointment is not ratified by our stockholders, the Audit Committee may reconsider whether it should appoint another independent registered public accounting firm. A representative of Ernst & Young LLP is expected to be present at the Annual Meeting, will have an opportunity to make a statement if he or she wishes to do so, and is expected to be available to respond to appropriate questions from stockholders. Fees Paid to the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The following table presents fees for professional audit services and other services rendered to us by Ernst & Young LLP for our fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022. Audit Fees(1) Audit-Related Fees(2) Tax Fees(3) All Other Fees(4) Total Fees 2023 ($) 2022 ($) 3,137,000 2,584,801 249,870 360,650 224,891 50,807 3,500 4,310 3,615,261 3,000,568 (1) Consist of aggregate fees for professional services provided in connection with the annual audits of our consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, the review of our quarterly condensed consolidated financial statements, and fees related to accounting matters that were addressed during the annual audit and quarterly reviews. This category also includes fees for services that were incurred in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. (2) Consist of aggregate fees for professional services that were reasonably related to the performance of audits or reviews of our consolidated financial statements and were not reported above under “Audit Fees.” (3) Consist of aggregate fees for tax compliance and consultation services. (4) Consist of aggregate fees billed for products and services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm other than those disclosed above, which include subscription fees paid for access to online accounting research software applications and data. PagerDuty 23 2023 Proxy Statement Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures The Audit Committee has adopted a policy and procedures for the pre-approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP. Pre-approval may be given as part of the Audit Committee’s approval of the scope of the engagement of the independent auditor or on an individual, explicit, case-by- case basis before the independent auditor is engaged to provide each service. All of the services provided by Ernst & Young LLP for the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 described above were pre-approved by the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has determined that the rendering of services other than audit services by Ernst & Young LLP is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant’s independence. Vote Required The ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal. THE BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL 2, THE RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP AS OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR OUR FISCAL YEAR ENDING JANUARY 31, 2024. PagerDuty 24 2023 Proxy Statement Audit Committee Report The information contained in the following Audit Committee Report shall not be deemed to be soliciting material or to be filed with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that PagerDuty, Inc. specifically incorporates it by reference in such filing. The Audit Committee serves as the representative of our Board with respect to its oversight of: • • • • • our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audit of our financial statements; the integrity of our financial statements; our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; inquiring about significant risks, reviewing our policies for risk assessment and risk management, and assessing the steps management has taken to control these risks; and the independent registered public accounting firm’s appointment, qualifications and independence. The Audit Committee also reviews the performance of our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, in the annual audit of our financial statements and in assignments unrelated to the audit, and reviews the independent registered public accounting firm’s fees. The Audit Committee is composed of four non-employee directors. Our Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee is independent, and that each of Ms. Gomez and Mr. Losch is an “audit committee financial expert” under the SEC rules. The Audit Committee provides our Board such information and materials as it may deem necessary to make our Board aware of financial matters requiring the attention of our Board. The Audit Committee reviews our financial disclosures and meets privately, outside the presence of our management, with our independent registered public accounting firm. In fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, the Audit Committee reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 with management, including a discussion of the quality and substance of the accounting principles, the reasonableness of significant judgments made in connection with the audited financial statements, and the clarity of disclosures in the financial statements. The Audit Committee reports on these meetings to our Board. The Audit Committee reviewed and discussed our audited consolidated financial statements with management and Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee has discussed with Ernst & Young LLP the matters required to be discussed by Auditing Standard No. 1301, Communications with Audit Committees, issued by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”). The Audit Committee received and reviewed the written disclosures and the letter from Ernst & Young LLP required by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding Ernst & Young LLP’s communications with the audit committee concerning independence, and discussed with Ernst & Young LLP its independence. In addition, the Audit Committee discussed with Ernst & Young LLP its independence from management and the Company, including matters in the letter from Ernst & Young LLP required by PCAOB Rule 3526, Communication with Audit Committees Concerning Independence, and considered the compatibility of non-audit services with Ernst & Young LLP’s independence. Based on the review and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to our Board that our audited consolidated financial statements be included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 for filing with the SEC. The Audit Committee also has selected Ernst & Young LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal year 2024. Our Board recommends that stockholders ratify this selection at the Annual Meeting. Respectfully submitted by the members of the Audit Committee of the Board: Elena Gomez (Chair) William Losch Alec Gallimore Bonita Stewart PagerDuty 25 2023 Proxy Statement PROPOSAL 3 Advisory, Non-Binding Vote to Approve the Compensation of Our Named Executive Officers We are asking our stockholders to vote to approve, on an advisory, non-binding basis, the compensation of our named executive officers for fiscal 2023 as disclosed in this Proxy Statement, in accordance with the requirements of Section 14A of the Exchange Act. As described in detail under the heading “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” our executive compensation program is designed to drive and reward performance and align the compensation of our named executive officers with the long-term interests of our stockholders. Please read the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and the compensation tables and narrative disclosure that follow for additional details about our executive compensation program, including information about the fiscal 2023 compensation of our named executive officers. This proposal, commonly known as a “say-on-pay” proposal, gives our stockholders the opportunity to express their views on our named executive officers’ compensation as a whole. This vote is not intended to address any specific element of compensation but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers and the philosophy, policies and practices described in this Proxy Statement. Our Board and our Compensation Committee believe that these policies and practices are effective in implementing our compensation philosophy and in achieving our compensation program goals. Accordingly, we are asking our stockholders to vote “FOR” the following resolution: RESOLVED, that the stockholders hereby approve, on an advisory, non-binding basis, the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the SEC, including in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables and the narrative discussions that accompany the compensation tables. Vote Required The approval of this advisory non-binding proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal. As an advisory vote, the outcome of the vote on this proposal is not binding. However, our management team, our Board and our Compensation Committee, which is responsible for designing and administering our executive compensation program, will consider the opinions expressed by our stockholders, whether through this vote or otherwise, and will consider the outcome of this vote when making future executive compensation decisions. We currently conduct annual advisory votes on executive compensation and expect to conduct the next advisory vote at our next annual meeting of stockholders in 2024. THE BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL, ON AN ADVISORY, NON-BINDING BASIS, OF THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AS DISCLOSED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT. PagerDuty 26 2023 Proxy Statement Executive Officers The following table sets forth information concerning our executive officers as of April 18, 2023. Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, the Board and each holds office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. Name Age Position Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board Chief Financial Officer Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Secretary Jennifer Tejada Howard Wilson Shelley Webb 52 58 41 Executive Officers JENNIFER TEJADA Biographical information regarding Ms. Tejada can be found in the table under the section titled “Directors Continuing in Office Until the 2023 Annual Meeting” beginning on page 7 of this Proxy Statement. HOWARD WILSON Mr. Wilson has served as our Chief Financial Officer since September 2018 and served as our acting Chief Financial Officer from December 2017 to September 2018. Mr. Wilson also served as our Chief Commercial Officer from January 2017 to September 2018. From August 2016 to June 2018, Mr. Wilson served as an Executive Consultant and Leadership Advisor at The BluePrint Lab, a consulting company. From April 2015 to July 2016, Mr. Wilson served as General Manager, Digital Experience Management at Dynatrace, LLC, an application performance management software company. From October 2013 to December 2015, Mr. Wilson served as Chief Commercial Officer and Executive Vice President at Keynote Systems. Mr. Wilson holds a B.Sc. in Information Systems and Psychology from the University of South Africa. SHELLEY WEBB Ms. Webb has served as our Senior Vice President, Legal, and General Counsel since April 2022 and as our Senior Vice President, Legal, and General Counsel and Secretary since May 2022. From September 2013 to March 2022, Ms. Webb served in senior legal roles at Intel Corporation, including Vice President and Group General Counsel for Intel’s Client Computing Group, its largest business unit delivering $40B in annual revenue, Associate General Counsel and Director of Intel Product Assurance and Security Legal, and Associate General Counsel for Antitrust and Commercial Litigation. Ms. Webb began her career as a litigator at Williams & Connolly in Washington, D.C. Ms. Webb holds a B.A. in Economics and Government from the University of Virginia and a J.D. from Stanford Law School. PagerDuty 27 2023 Proxy Statement Compensation Discussion and Analysis Introduction This Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) provides information regarding the fiscal 2023 compensation program for our Named Executive Officers (“NEOs”), including our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer and three additional individuals who served as executive officers in 2023. For fiscal 2023, our NEOs, whose compensation is discussed in this CD&A and shown in the executive compensation tables below, were: • • • • • Jennifer Tejada, our Chief Executive Officer (our “CEO”) and Chairperson of the Board (principal executive officer); Howard Wilson, our Chief Financial Officer (our “CFO”) (principal financial officer); Shelley Webb, our Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Secretary(1); David Justice, our Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer(2); and Stacey Giamalis, our former Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary(3). (1) Ms. Webb was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel, effective April 25, 2022, and Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel and Secretary, effective May 26, 2022. (2) Mr. Justice ceased serving as our Chief Revenue Officer effective February 3, 2023. Mr. Justice is a NEO for 2023 due to his service as Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer through the end of fiscal year 2023, but he is not a current PagerDuty executive officer. (3) Ms. Giamalis ceased serving as Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Secretary on April 25, 2022, and continued to provide services during a transition period until May 6, 2022. In recognition of the transition services that Ms. Giamalis agreed to provide following her cessation as our Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary, we agreed to provide her with a lump sum payment equal to six months of her annual base salary and 12 months of COBRA premiums through May 31, 2023. The Compensation Committee believed that such payments as set forth in PagerDuty, Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Severance and Change in Control Policy (the “Severance Policy”) for termination “without cause” and benefits were reasonable and appropriate to ensure a smooth transition of her duties and responsibilities to her successor. Ms. Giamalis is an NEO for 2023 due to her service as Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Secretary during fiscal year 2023, but she is not a current PagerDuty executive officer. In this CD&A, we describe the material elements of our executive compensation philosophy and programs during fiscal 2023, and provide the key facts and reasoning behind our Compensation Committee’s compensation decisions regarding the fiscal 2023 compensation of our NEOs. Executive Summary WHO WE ARE PagerDuty is transforming critical work for modern enterprises. The PagerDuty Operations Cloud organizations can dramatically compress costs, radically accelerate productivity, and sustain seamless digital experiences. PagerDuty harnesses the power of technology to put people first: scaling teams with automation and keeping them in-context and in-flow. Teams and individuals are empowered to do the critical work that moves business forward – faster. Our customers turn to us to save money, drive growth, and build customer trust. Nearly half of the Fortune 500 and almost two thirds of the Fortune 100 trust PagerDuty to enable teams to automate and accelerate critical work – to transform operations and move business forward faster through incident response, AIOps, process automation, and customer service operations. FISCAL 2023(1) PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS Amid global economic challenges, PagerDuty had a strong fiscal 2023 driven by our transition to a platform with a low total cost of ownership, rapid payback period and high return on investment (“ROI”), which resulted in a fiscal year of significant growth for PagerDuty. We also achieved several major milestones as we improved our operating margin and achieved non-GAAP profitability a year ahead of plan. We delivered revenue of $370.8 million for the year, maintaining revenue growth of 32%. We also accelerated PagerDuty 28 2023 Proxy Statement operating leverage in the second half of the year, positioning us well for long-term, sustainable, durable growth by improving operating margin. Financial highlights from fiscal 2023 include: • Revenue: Fiscal year revenue was $370.8 million, an increase of 31.8% year-over-year. • Gross Margin: U.S. GAAP gross margin was 81.0% compared to 82.8% for fiscal 2022. Non-GAAP(2) gross margin was 85.0% compared to non-GAAP gross margin of 84.6% for fiscal 2022. • Operating Loss: U.S. GAAP operating loss was $129.4 million, or GAAP operating margin of negative 34.9%, compared to a $101.7 million loss, or U.S. GAAP operating margin of negative 36.1%, for fiscal 2022. Non- GAAP operating income was $3.5 million, or non-GAAP operating margin of 0.9% compared to a $23.1 million loss, or non-GAAP operating margin of negative 8.2%, for fiscal 2022. • Net Loss Attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.: U.S. GAAP net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. was $128.4 million compared to $107.5 million for fiscal 2022. U.S. GAAP net loss per share attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. was $1.45 compared to $1.27 for fiscal 2022. Non-GAAP net income attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. was $3.7 million compared to a non-GAAP net loss of $27.0 million for fiscal 2022. Non-GAAP net income per diluted share attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. was $0.07, compared to non-GAAP net loss per diluted share of $0.32 for fiscal 2022. • Operating Cash Flow: Net cash provided by operations was $17.0 million or 4.6% of revenue, compared to net cash used in operations of $6.0 million, or negative 2.1% of revenue, for fiscal 2022. Free cash flow was $8.5 million or 2.3% of revenue, compared to negative $12.8 million or negative 4.6% of revenue, for fiscal 2022. (1) Our fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2023 refer to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. (2) To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures. For a full reconciliation of the U.S. GAAP to non-GAAP measures, please see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations— Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2023. FISCAL 2023 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION RESULTS To support our growth strategy, we have built an executive team that is comprised of highly skilled individuals with experience leading and growing some of the top technology companies. With intensified competition for talent in the technology sector and our geographic region, our executives with their extensive industry experience and track record of success are targets for recruiting from both large technology companies and emerging growth companies. We address the competition for talent through the target pay levels for our executives that are deliberately designed to support our ability to attract, motivate and retain top industry talent that is capable of driving innovation and capitalizing on growth opportunities. Amid macroeconomic volatility and highly competitive labor market environment, fiscal 2023 compensation program was specifically focused on stabilizing our executive team and ensuring that we have the right combination of talent and a cohesive leadership team to drive the long-term success of our Company. Consistent with our pay-for-performance philosophy and our performance and compensation objectives for fiscal 2023, discussed below, our Compensation Committee took the following key actions with respect to the compensation of our NEOs for fiscal 2023: • • • Target Cash Compensation – Approved increases to base salaries ranging from 7.3% to 15.4% for our incumbent NEOs (other than Ms. Giamalis) and target bonus percentages that are consistent with those of comparable executives at companies in our compensation peer group and at our competitors. Short-Term Incentive Compensation – Performance-based cash bonus opportunities dependent on key financial metrics that drive our business. Approved payouts equal to approximately 141.2% of target, based solely on our achievement of such metrics. Approved sales commission payments for Mr. Justice at 118% of target based on achievement of our sales and operating margin targets. Long-Term Incentive Compensation – PSU Awards – Equity compensation opportunities in the form of performance-vesting restricted stock unit (“PSU”) awards under the PagerDuty, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan PagerDuty 29 2023 Proxy Statement (the “2019 Equity Plan”) that may be earned based on the achievement of the annual net new annual recurring revenue (“nnARR”) growth target for fiscal 2023 and satisfaction of a three-year time-based vesting schedule. We granted PSU awards with a target grant value in the amount of $10,000,000 to Ms. Tejada and with a target grant date value of $2,100,000 to each of Messrs. Wilson and Justice, and in July 2022 as part of her new hire award, we granted a PSU award to Ms. Webb with a target grant date value in the amount of $1,665,000. Ms. Giamalis did not receive a grant in fiscal year 2023 in light of her termination. Because we did not meet our threshold performance level of 80% of target necessary to earn 50% of the target PSUs, our NEOs did not earn any payout under their PSU awards for fiscal 2023, and accordingly, the PSU awards were canceled for no consideration. • Long-Term Incentive Compensation – RSU Awards – Equity compensation opportunities in the form of time- based restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards with a four year time-based vesting under 2019 Equity Plan that may be settled for shares of our common stock with a target grant date fair values in the amount of $10,000,000 to Ms. Tejada and with target grant date values of $4,900,000 to each of Messrs. Wilson and Justice. In July 2022, as part of her new hire award, we granted RSU awards with a target grant date value in the amount of $3,885,000 to Ms. Webb. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION POLICIES AND PRACTICES We strive to maintain sound governance standards consistent with our executive compensation policies and practices. The Compensation Committee evaluates our executive compensation program on a regular basis to ensure that it is consistent with our short-term and long-term goals, given the dynamic nature of our business and the market in which we compete for executive talent. The following summarizes our executive compensation and related policies and practices: What we do What we do not do Maintain an Independent Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee consists solely of independent directors who establish our compensation practices. Retain an Independent Compensation Advisor. The Compensation Committee has engaged its own compensation consultant when designing and evaluating our compensation policies and programs. No Guaranteed Bonuses. We do not provide guaranteed bonuses to our NEOs. No Executive Retirement Plans. We do not currently offer, nor do we have plans to offer, defined benefit pension plans or any non-qualified deferred compensation plans or arrangements to our NEOs other than the plans and arrangements that are available to all employees. Our NEOs are eligible to participate in our Section 401(k) retirement savings plan on the same basis as our other employees. Annual Executive Compensation Review. The Compensation Committee annually reviews and approves of our compensation strategy. No Hedging or Pledging. We prohibit our employees (including our NEOs) and the non-employee members of our Board from hedging or pledging our securities. Annual Compensation Risk Assessment. The Compensation Committee annually reviews our compensation-related risk profile to ensure that our compensation program is not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. Use a Pay-for-Performance Philosophy. More than 50% of our NEO’s compensation is directly linked to corporate performance, and therefore “at risk”; we also structure their target total direct compensation opportunities with a significant long-term equity component, thereby making a substantial portion of each NEO’s target total direct compensation dependent upon our stock price and/or total stockholder return over the long term. No Significant Tax Payments on Perquisites. We do not provide significant tax reimbursement payments (including “gross-ups” following a change in control of our Company) on perquisites or other personal benefits. No Special Welfare or Health Benefits. We do not provide our NEOs with any welfare or health benefit programs, other than participation in our broad-based employee programs. Succession Planning. We review the risks associated with our key executive officer positions to ensure adequate succession plans are in place. No Single-Trigger Protections. We do not provide single- trigger cash payments or RSU vesting acceleration for a change-in-control event. PagerDuty 30 2023 Proxy Statement EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES Our executive compensation program is guided by our overarching philosophy of paying for demonstrable performance. Consistent with this philosophy, we have designed our executive compensation program to achieve the following primary objectives: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Provide market competitive compensation and benefit levels that will attract, retain, motivate, and reward a highly talented team of executive officers within the context of responsible cost management; Establish a direct link between our financial, operational, and strategic objectives and results, as well as our values, and the compensation of our executive officers; Align the interests and objectives of our executive officers with those of our stockholders by linking the long-term incentive compensation opportunities to stockholder value creation and their cash incentives to our annual performance; Ensure that our executive compensation philosophy is built on the foundation of equitable pay and that we maintain pay equity considering each executive officer’s role, commensurate experience and skills; and Offer total compensation opportunities to our executive officers that are competitive, fair, and equitable. We structure the annual compensation of our NEOs using three principal elements: base salary, annual short-term incentive compensation opportunities and long-term incentive compensation opportunities in the form of equity awards. While the pay mix may vary from year to year, the ultimate goal is to achieve our compensation objectives as described above. While we have not adopted strict year-to-year policies or guidelines for allocating compensation between current and long- term compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation, or among different forms of non-cash compensation, we believe our executive compensation program is reasonable, competitive and appropriately balances our goals and aligns NEOs’ interests with those of our stockholders. To ensure this alignment and to motivate and reward individual initiative and effort, a substantial portion of our NEOs’ target annual total direct compensation opportunity is both variable in nature and “at-risk.” Our compensation philosophy emphasizes variable compensation that appropriately rewards our NEOs through two separate compensation elements: ▪ ▪ First, we provide the opportunity to participate in our annual short-term incentive compensation plan (or, in the case of our Chief Revenue Officer, a sales commission plan), which provides cash payments based on the level of attainment of the short-term financial, operational, and strategic objectives set forth in our annual operating plan. Equity awards comprise the primary “at-risk” portion of our NEOs’ compensation packages. In order to strengthen our pay-for-performance philosophy, the fiscal 2023 PSU awards comprise a majority of our NEOs’ target total direct compensation opportunities, the value of which depends entirely on a rigorous internal performance metric that drives long-term growth and influences the appreciation in the value of our common stock, thereby further incentivizing our NEOs to build sustainable long-term value for the benefit of our stockholders. Each year, these variable pay elements ensure that our NEOs’ target total direct compensation is variable (rather than fixed), such that the amounts payable are commensurate with our actual performance and aligned with stockholder value creation. We believe that this design provides balanced incentives for our NEOs to drive financial performance and long-term growth. PagerDuty 31 2023 Proxy Statement STOCKHOLDER ADVISORY VOTES ON NEO COMPENSATION At our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, we conducted a non-binding stockholder advisory vote on the compensation of our named executive officers disclosed in our proxy statement filed in fiscal 2023 (commonly known as a “Say-on-Pay” vote). Approximately 63.1% of the shares represented and entitled to vote on the matter voted to approve, on an advisory basis, the fiscal 2022 compensation of our named executive officers. Following this advisory vote, the Board and the Compensation Committee conducted an expanded stockholder outreach effort to understand the full range of stockholder perspectives that drove the decline in the Say-on-Pay support from the prior year and to develop appropriate, responsive actions. Following our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and through the end of fiscal 2023, we held engagement meetings with our stockholders that touched on a number of topics, including our executive compensation program, corporate governance and sustainability practices. We gained valuable perspectives from our stockholders, which were conveyed to the full Board and relevant Board committees. Stockholder Engagement Highlights a. b. c. Top 18 stockholders contacted, representing ~ 61% of outstanding common stock 10 stockholders, representing ~43% of outstanding common stock, participated in the engagement meetings 7 meetings with stockholders representing ~35% of outstanding common stock were attended by at least one independent board member Key Participants a. Mr. Nelson, Chair of the Compensation Committee, and Mr. Dholakia, Member of the Compensation Committee b. Representatives from the legal, investor relations, and sustainability teams Throughout the engagement meetings, we heard a diverse set of perspectives. Our stockholders provided positive feedback on the Company’s strong strategy execution and commitment to social impact and ESG initiatives. Stockholders were generally supportive of our executive compensation program and appreciated the Compensation Committee’s efforts to retain key employees in support of the Company’s transformative growth effort. PagerDuty 32 2023 Proxy Statement A majority of stockholders expressed a concern regarding a limited ratio of performance-based equity incentives in our CEO’s long-term incentive program design, which the Compensation Committee addressed by increasing the ratio of PSUs in fiscal 2023 to 50% (from 17% in fiscal 2022) of the CEO’s annual target long-term incentive award opportunity. The same ratio of PSUs was maintained for fiscal 2024 equity awards. Specific feedback that we received from our stockholders and our responses to their perspectives are summarized below. What we heard What we did in response A majority of stockholders expressed a preference to see at least 50% of the CEO’s long-term incentive opportunities delivered in the form of PSUs Consistent with the stockholder feedback obtained prior to our 2022 annual meeting, for fiscal 2023, the Compensation Committee increased the ratio of PSUs for our Chief Executive Officer to 50% from 17% of the long-term incentive opportunity to foster a stronger alignment with the interests of our stockholders. Several stockholders expressed a preference to see diversified and expanded performance metrics in the long-term incentive program design to align with our broader long-term growth priorities Underscoring the rigor of the performance targets and our commitment to our pay-for-performance philosophy, fiscal 2023 PSUs were canceled in full based on the achieved performance results that fell below the aggressive target and threshold performance level. In response to stockholder feedback obtained following our 2022 annual meeting, the Compensation Committee maintained the 50% ratio of PSUs for our CEO’s long-term incentive program in fiscal 2024. In addition to the Compensation Committee maintaining the 50% ratio of PSUs for our CEO’s long-term incentive program, the Compensation Committee also maintained the other NEOs 70%/30% ratio of RSUs and PSUs to ensure there is a sufficient ratio of performance awards for all NEOs. In response to stockholder feedback, for fiscal 2024 the Compensation Committee has added a relative TSR metric to our PSU awards to incentivize our relative TSR performance as compared to the S&P Software & Services Select Index. We believe that this enhancement will strengthen the alignment between the long-term incentive compensation opportunity provided to our CEO and our other named executive officers with creating sustainable long-term stockholder value while maintaining net new ARR as our leading objective for generating future growth. Net new ARR remains a key driver of our long-term growth and has been the financial performance measure used in our PSU awards for the past two fiscal years. We believe that using annual net new ARR growth goals encourage our named executive officers to work diligently to perform at “stretch” performance levels each year. The two performance measures for our fiscal 2024 PSU awards have been weighted 60% for net new ARR and 40% for relative TSR. Several stockholders inquired about the rigor of the net new ARR metric for the PSU awards The Compensation Committee goal in setting executive compensation is to balance aligning our executive compensation to stockholder value and long-term growth priorities as well as retaining the executives. The Compensation Committee believes that the performance goals were suitably rigorous, as demonstrated by the fact that the PSU awards granted to our NEOs in fiscal 2023 did not pay out because the threshold performance level was not achieved despite the company exceeding guidance and consensus expectations consistently. The Compensation Committee seeks to ensure that the target levels established for our PSU awards are sufficiently rigorous such that achievement requires a high level of performance by our named executive officers. PagerDuty 33 2023 Proxy Statement What we heard What we did in response Several stockholders wanted to understand the rationale for negative operating margin performance hurdles As part of our progress toward achieving profitability, our Compensation Committee believed that operating margin performance hurdles, despite being negative, aligned with the internal operating plan and reflected meaningful stretch achievement levels. We delivered strong revenue and non-GAAP operating margin performance during fiscal 2023 that exceeded expectations and we believe the annual incentive program was instrumental in driving these performance outcomes. Several stockholders inquired about executive retention and wanted to ensure the executive compensation program supported continuity and cohesiveness of the leadership team The Compensation Committee remains focused on ensuring effectiveness and stockholder alignment of our executive compensation program. Target incentive opportunities approved for fiscal 2023 reflected industry pay benchmarks for comparable executive roles and were designed to provide incentive value to support retention and mitigate costs and strategic disruption associated with the need to replace executive team members. Consistent with our commitment to pay-for-performance, the Compensation Committee did not adjust performance targets for fiscal 2023 PSU program despite the macroeconomic volatility in the second half of the year in alignment with our stockholders’ experience over the same period. Fiscal 2023 PSUs were forfeited in their entirety due to the achieved performance result that fell below the threshold performance level. The Compensation Committee remains focused on properly incentivizing our executive officers and rewarding performance that is aligned with the Company’s strategy, values and stockholder returns. We value the opinions of our stockholders. Stockholder feedback, including through direct discussion and prior stockholder votes, is reported to our Board and the Compensation Committee as it relates to executive compensation throughout the year. Our goal is to be responsive to our stockholders when making compensation decisions for our executive officers, including our NEOs, and ensure we understand and address their concerns and observations. Our Board and the Compensation Committee will consider the outcome of this year’s Say-on-Pay vote (see Proposal 3 in this Proxy Statement) and future Say-on-Pay votes, as well as feedback received throughout the year, when making executive compensation decisions. In addition, at our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, we conducted a non-binding stockholder advisory vote on the frequency of future Say-on-Pay votes (commonly known as a “Say-When-on-Pay” vote). Our stockholders expressed a preference for holding future Say-on-Pay votes on an annual, rather than a biennial or triennial, basis. Consistent with the recommendation of our Board and in recognition of this preference and other factors considered, our Board determined that, until the next Say-When-on-Pay vote, we will hold annual Say-on-Pay votes. Following the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to which this Proxy Statement relates, our next Say-on-Pay vote will take place at our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Compensation-Setting Process ROLE OF COMPENSATION COMMITTEE The Compensation Committee discharges many of the responsibilities of our Board relating to the compensation of our NEOs and the non-employee members of our Board. The Compensation Committee is primarily responsible for establishing and reviewing our general compensation strategy. In addition, the Compensation Committee has overall responsibility for overseeing our compensation and benefit plans and policies generally, as well as overseeing and evaluating the compensation plans, policies, and practices applicable to our NEOs, and administering our equity incentive plans. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves annually all compensation decisions relating to the compensation of our NEOs. In carrying out its responsibilities, the Compensation Committee evaluates our compensation policies and practices with a focus on the degree to which these policies and practices reflect our executive compensation philosophy, develops strategies PagerDuty 34 2023 Proxy Statement and makes decisions that it believes further our philosophy or align with developments in compensation practices, and reviews the performance of our NEOs when making decisions with respect to their compensation. The Compensation Committee’s authority, duties, and responsibilities are further described in its charter, which is reviewed annually and revised and updated as warranted. The charter is available on our website at https://investor.pagerduty.com/ governance/governance-documents. The Compensation Committee retains an independent compensation consultant (as described below) to provide support in its review and assessment of our executive compensation program. SETTING TARGET TOTAL DIRECT COMPENSATION The Compensation Committee reviews the base salary levels, annual short-term incentive opportunities, and long-term incentive compensation opportunities of our NEOs and all related performance criteria at the beginning of each year, or more frequently as warranted. Adjustments are generally effective in the first quarter of the fiscal year. In making decisions about the compensation of our NEOs the Compensation Committee relies primarily on the general experience of its members and subjective considerations of various factors, including the following: • • • • • • • • • • • our executive compensation program objectives; our performance against the financial, operational, and strategic objectives established by the Compensation Committee and our Board; each individual NEO’s knowledge, skills, experience, qualifications, and tenure relative to other similarly-situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer group and in selected broad-based compensation surveys; the scope of each NEO’s role and responsibilities compared to other similarly-situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer group and in selected broad-based compensation surveys; the performance of each individual NEO, based on a subjective assessment of his or her contributions to our overall performance, ability to lead his or her business unit or function, and work as part of a team; the potential of each individual executive officer to contribute to our long-term financial, operational, and strategic objectives; our CEO’s compensation relative to that of our NEOs, and pay equity among our NEOs; our financial performance relative to our compensation and performance peers; the compensation practices of our compensation peer group and reflected in selected broad-based compensation surveys and the positioning of each NEO’s compensation in a ranking of compensation levels based on an analysis of competitive market data; the feedback received from our stockholders and the results of our annual say-on-pay advisory votes of our stockholders; and the recommendations of our CEO with respect to the compensation of our other NEOs. These factors provide the framework for compensation decision-making and final decisions regarding the compensation opportunity for each NEO. No single factor is determinative in setting compensation levels, nor is the impact of any individual factor on the determination of pay levels quantifiable. The Compensation Committee does not weight these factors in any predetermined manner, nor does it apply any formulas in developing its compensation recommendations. The members of the Compensation Committee consider all of this information in light of their individual experience, knowledge of the Company, knowledge of the competitive market, knowledge of each NEO, and business judgment in making their recommendations. The Compensation Committee also considers the potential risks in our business when designing and administering our executive compensation program, and we believe our balanced approach to performance measurement and pay delivery works to avoid misaligned incentives for individuals to undertake excessive or inappropriate risk. PagerDuty 35 2023 Proxy Statement ROLE OF MANAGEMENT In discharging its responsibilities, the Compensation Committee works with members of our management, including our CEO. Our management assists the Compensation Committee by providing information on corporate and individual performance, competitive market data, and management’s perspective and recommendations on compensation matters. Typically, our CEO will make recommendations to the Compensation Committee regarding compensation matters, including adjustments to annual cash compensation, long-term incentive compensation opportunities, and program structures, for our NEOs, except with respect to her own compensation. At the beginning of each year, our CEO reviews the performance of our other NEOs based on such individual’s level of success in accomplishing the business objectives established for him or her for the prior year and his or her overall performance during that year, and then shares these evaluations with, and makes recommendations to, the Compensation Committee for each element of compensation as described above. The annual business objectives for each NEO are developed through mutual discussion and agreement between our CEO and the other NEOs and are reviewed with our Board. The Compensation Committee reviews and discusses these recommendations and proposals with our CEO and uses them as one factor in determining and approving the compensation for our other NEOs. Our CEO often attends meetings of our Board and the Compensation Committee at which executive compensation matters are addressed, and makes recommendations to our Compensation Committee regarding the total compensation of the other NEOs, but is not present during discussion, deliberation and decisions regarding her own compensation. The Compensation Committee then reviews the recommendations and other data and makes decisions as to the total compensation for each NEO, as well as the allocation of the amount of total compensation between base salary, short-term incentives, and long-term incentives. ROLE OF COMPENSATION CONSULTANT The Compensation Committee engages an external compensation consultant to provide information, analysis, and other advice relating to our executive compensation program, to assist the Compensation Committee in developing appropriate incentive compensation plans for our executive officers, to provide it with advice and ongoing recommendations regarding material executive compensation decisions resulting from its annual executive compensation review, and to review the compensation proposals of management. The compensation consultant reports directly to the Compensation Committee and its chair, and serves at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, which reviews the engagement annually. For fiscal 2023, the Compensation Committee retained Compensia, Inc. (“Compensia”), a national compensation consulting firm, to serve as its compensation advisor to advise on executive compensation matters, including competitive market pay practices for our NEOs, and with the data analysis and selection of the compensation peer group. During fiscal 2023, Compensia attended the meetings of the Compensation Committee (both with and without management present) as requested and provided various services, including the following: • • • • • • • • consulting with the Compensation Committee chair and other members between Compensation Committee meetings; providing competitive market data based on the compensation peer group and data cuts from selected broad- based compensation surveys for our NEO positions and evaluating how the compensation we pay our NEOs compares both to our performance and to how the companies in our compensation peer group and the broad- based compensation surveys compensate their executives; reviewing and analyzing the base salary levels, annual incentive short-term incentive opportunities, and long- term incentive compensation opportunities of our NEOs and other executive officers; reviewing and analyzing the cash and equity compensation levels for the non-employee members of our Board; assessing executive compensation trends within our industry, and updating on corporate governance and regulatory issues and developments; reviewing competitive market design and practices for short-term incentive compensation and long-term incentive compensation programs in the software sector;; reviewing competitive market design and practices for stock ownership policies; projecting equity usage in fiscal 2023 and conducting a “burn rate” and “equity overhang” analysis; PagerDuty 36 2023 Proxy Statement • • • • reviewing our executive compensation disclosure assisting with the preparation of our CEO pay ratio disclosure; reviewing and updating the compensation peer group; assessing compensation risk to determine whether our compensation policies and practices are reasonably likely to have a material adverse impact on the Company; and supporting other ad hoc matters throughout the year. Compensia did not provide any services to us in fiscal 2023 other than the consulting services to the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee regularly reviews the objectivity and independence of the advice provided by its compensation consultant on executive compensation matters. The Compensation Committee has evaluated Compensia’s engagement, and based on the six factors for assessing independence and identifying potential conflicts of interest that are set forth in Exchange Act Rule 10C-1(b)(4), the listing standards of the NYSE, and such other factors as were deemed relevant under the circumstances, has determined that Compensia is independent and that its relationship with Compensia and the work of Compensia on behalf of the Compensation Committee did not raise any conflict of interest or similar concerns. COMPETITIVE POSITIONING For purposes of assessing our executive compensation against the competitive market, the Compensation Committee reviews and considers the compensation levels and practices of a select group of peer companies. This compensation peer group consists of technology companies that are similar to us in terms of revenue, market capitalization, geographical location, and industry sector. The companies in the compensation peer group for fiscal 2023 were approved by the Compensation Committee in August 2021 on the basis of their similarity to us, as determined using the following criteria: • • • Location – public companies headquartered in the United States, with a preference for California-based companies; Industry Sector – companies in the software or internet services sector; Revenue – approximately 0.4x to approximately 2.5x our last four fiscal quarters revenue of approximately $227 million (approximately $90 million to $570 million); • Market Capitalization – approximately 0.3x to approximately 3.0x our then current 30-day average market capitalization of approximately $3.5 billion (approximately $1.0 billion to $10.4 billion); • Growth – companies with one-year revenue growth greater than 10%; and • Market Status – preference for companies having recently completed their initial public offering of equity securities. In selecting the fiscal 2023 compensation peer group, we selected companies that, as a group, have a median revenue and market capitalization similar to our revenue and market capitalization. Our compensation peer group for fiscal 2023 included the following companies: Alteryx Anaplan AppFolio Asana Bill.com Holdings BlackLine Coupa Software Domo Everbridge Fastly Five9 JFrog Momentive Global New Relic Rapid 7 Smartsheet Sprout Social Workiva Yext Zuora PagerDuty 37 2023 Proxy Statement Our Compensation Committee considered, as a guide, the compensation practices of the compensation peer group to assess the competitiveness of each compensation element and overall compensation levels (base salary, target short-term incentive opportunities, and long-term incentive compensation). To analyze the compensation practices of the companies in our compensation peer group, Compensia gathered data from public filings (primarily proxy statements) of the peer group companies, as well as from a peer custom cut (other than Domo and Sprout Social which do not participate in the survey) of the Radford Global Technology Survey covering our primary and reference peer groups. This market data was then used as a reference point for the Compensation Committee to assess our current compensation levels in the course of its deliberations on compensation forms and amounts. The Compensation Committee reviews our compensation peer group each year (unless there have been significant changes to either our business model or market capitalization or our peer companies’ business model or market capitalization or significant merger and acquisition activity involving our peer companies, in which case the Compensation Committee may review our compensation peer group more frequently) and makes adjustments to its composition if warranted, taking into account changes in both our business and the businesses of the companies in the peer group. Executive Transition COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR MS. WEBB In connection with her appointment as our Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel, we entered into an employment offer letter dated March 25, 2022 (the “Employment Letter”) with Ms. Webb. Pursuant to the Employment Letter, our initial compensation arrangements with Ms. Webb were as follows: • • • • an initial annual base salary of $400,000; a target annual cash bonus amount equal to 55% of her annual base salary and representing approximately 35% of total cash compensation; an RSU award granted on July 2, 2022 under our 2019 Equity Plan with a target grant value of $3,885,000 that will vest and settle as to 1/16th of the total number of units subject to the award on each quarterly anniversary of July 2, 2022, subject to her Continuous Service (as defined in our 2019 Equity Plan) through each applicable vesting date; and a PSU award granted on July 2, 2022 under our 2019 Equity Plan with a target grant value of $1,665,000 that is subject to the same performance conditions and vesting requirements as the PSU awards granted to our other NEOs on April 2, 2022. Ms. Webb was also designated as a Tier 2 participant in the Severance Policy. Ms. Webb’s Employment Letter was approved by the Compensation Committee. In establishing her initial compensation arrangements, we took into consideration the requisite experience and skills that a qualified candidate would need to assume the legal and related responsibilities for a growing business in a dynamic and ever-changing environment, the competitive market for similar positions at other comparable companies based on a review of compensation survey data, and the need to integrate her into the executive compensation structure that we had developed since our initial public offering of our equity securities, balancing both competitive and internal equity considerations. For a summary of the material terms and conditions of Ms. Webb’s post-employment compensation arrangements, see “Executive Compensation – Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.” PagerDuty 38 2023 Proxy Statement Compensation Elements In fiscal 2023, the target total direct compensation of our CEO and our two other NEOs who served through all of fiscal 2023 as executive officers(1) was intended to reward performance and retain an effective leadership team while also incentivizing our executive officers to create sustainable, long-term stockholder value. The mix of the following compensation elements, which was almost entirely variable in nature, provided a balanced percentage of performance-based and service-based compensation opportunities for our CEO and these NEOs. The principal elements of our executive compensation program, and the purpose of each element, were as follows: (1) The target total direct compensation of Ms. Giamalis and Ms. Webb is not included in the average compensation presented for our NEOs (excluding our CEO) as neither executive officer served in that capacity for the entire 12 months of fiscal 2023. BASE SALARY Base salary represents the fixed portion of the compensation of our NEOs and is an important element of compensation intended to attract and retain highly-talented individuals. Generally, we use base salary to provide each NEO with a specified level of cash compensation during the year with the expectation that he or she will perform his or her responsibilities to the best of his or her ability and in our best interests. Generally, we establish the initial base salaries of our NEOs through arm’s-length negotiation at the time we hire the individual, taking into account his or her position, qualifications, experience, salary expectations, and the base salaries of our other NEOs. Thereafter, the Compensation Committee reviews the base salaries of our NEOs each year as part of its annual compensation review, with input from Ms. Tejada (except with respect to her own base salary) and makes adjustments as it determines to be reasonable and necessary to reflect the scope of a NEO’s performance, individual contributions and responsibilities, position in the case of a promotion, and market conditions. In March 2022, the Compensation Committee reviewed the base salaries of our executive leadership team and direct reports to Ms. Tejada, including our other NEOs, taking into consideration the competitive market analysis prepared by its compensation consultant, the recommendations of Ms. Tejada (except with respect to her own base salary), and the other factors described in “Compensation-Setting Process – Setting Target Total Direct Compensation” above. Following this review, the Compensation Committee approved base salary increases for each of our NEOs (other than Ms. Giamalis, in light of her termination of employment), to bring their base salaries to levels that were comparable to that of the competitive market PagerDuty 39 2023 Proxy Statement (based on similarly situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer group and in selected broad-based compensation surveys), with such adjustments to be effective April 1, 2022. These adjustments are part of the Compensation Committee’s goal to increase base salaries gradually over time, as needed, to reflect amounts payable to individuals in the same positions at comparable public companies and to reflect strong performance in fiscal 2022. The base salaries of our incumbent NEOs for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2023 as approved in March 2022 were as follows: NEO Ms. Tejada Mr. Wilson Mr. Justice Ms. Giamalis Fiscal 2022 Base Salary ($)(1) Fiscal 2023 Base Salary ($)(2) Percentage Increase (%) 520,000 425,000 400,000 339,539 600,000 455,882 450,000 339,539 15.4 7.3 12.5 — (1) The base salary amounts for our NEOs (other than Mr. Justice) are based on the NEO’s ending base salary for fiscal 2022. (2) The base salary amounts for our NEOs (other than Mr. Justice) are based on the NEO’s ending base salary for fiscal 2023. Subsequently, in connection with her appointment as our Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel in April 2022, the Compensation Committee approved an initial annual base salary for Ms. Webb of $400,000. In establishing her initial base salary, the Compensation Committee took into consideration Ms. Webb’s prior experience, the competitive market for similar positions at other comparable companies based on a review of market data from the compensation consultant and the base salaries of our other executive officers. The base salaries paid to our NEOs during fiscal 2023 are set forth in the “Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023” below under the heading “Executive Compensation.” SHORT-TERM INCENTIVE AWARDS In March 2022, the Compensation Committee approved the Fiscal 2023 Short-Term Incentive Program (the “Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan”) under the PagerDuty, Inc. Cash Incentive Bonus Plan to provide financial incentives to participants (including each NEO other than Mr. Justice, who participated in a separate sales commission plan) to achieve our key annual financial, operational, and strategic objectives as set forth in our fiscal 2023 annual operating plan and to maximize individual performance. The Compensation Committee approved the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan after taking into consideration the objectives set forth in our fiscal 2023 annual operating plan approved by our Board. The Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan provided for annual cash bonus payouts to each of our NEO participants based entirely on our level of achievement with respect to designated corporate performance objectives. To be eligible to earn a bonus under the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan, a participant had to commence employment with us no later than 90 days from the end of the applicable program period, which aligned to our fiscal year, and] remain continually employed by, and in good standing with, us through the applicable payout date of the bonus. TARGET ANNUAL CASH BONUS AMOUNTS For purposes of the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan, the amount of the annual cash bonus payout each participant was eligible to earn was based upon a percentage of such participant’s annual base salary as of the beginning of the fiscal year. In March 2022, the Compensation Committee reviewed the target annual cash bonus amounts of our executive leadership team and direct reports to Ms. Tejada, including our other NEOs, taking into consideration the competitive market analysis prepared by its compensation consultant, the recommendations of Ms. Tejada (except with respect to her own target annual cash bonus amount), and the other factors described in “Compensation-Setting Process – Setting Target Total Direct Compensation” above. Following this review, the Compensation Committee maintained the target annual cash bonus amounts (as a percentage of base salary) for Ms. Tejada, Mr. Wilson and Ms. Giamalis at their fiscal 2022 levels, with such amounts to be effective for fiscal 2023. In connection with her appointment as our Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel in July 2022, the Compensation Committee approved a target annual cash bonus amount for Ms. Webb equal to 55% of her annual PagerDuty 40 2023 Proxy Statement base salary and representing 35% of her total cash compensation based on a review of market data from the compensation consultant. The target bonus amounts of our NEOs (other than Mr. Justice) for purposes of the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan were as follows: NEO Ms. Tejada Mr. Wilson Ms. Webb (2) Ms. Giamalis (3) Fiscal 2023 Target Bonus (as a Percentage of Base Salary) (%) Fiscal 2023 Target Bonus (as a Percentage of Total Cash Compensation) (%) Fiscal 2023 Target Bonus Amount ($)(1) 100 70 55 40 50 41 35 29 600,000 319,118 220,000 135,816 (1) The Target Bonus Amount for our NEOs (other than Mr. Justice) is based on the NEO’s ending annualized base salary for fiscal 2023. (2) Ms. Webb’s Fiscal 2023 Target Bonus Amount is shown as if Ms. Webb started at the beginning of fiscal 2023. (3) Ms. Giamalis’ employment with us terminated on May 6, 2022 and, therefore, she was not eligible to receive a bonus payment under the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan. Potential bonus payouts for our NEOs under the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan could range from zero to 200% of their target annual cash bonus amount, as determined by the Compensation Committee. CORPORATE PERFORMANCE MEASURES The Compensation Committee selected GAAP revenue and Non-GAAP operating margin as the corporate performance measures under the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan because the Compensation Committee believed that these measures were the best indicators of our successful execution of our annual operating plan. The Compensation Committee carefully selected rigorous performance targets in order to provide significant incentives to our NEOs if they achieved the target performance levels. For purposes of the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan, revenue was to be weighted as 75% of the target annual cash bonus amount and operating margin was to be weighted at 25% of the target annual cash bonus amount. The actual bonus amounts attributable to each of the performance measures could be greater or less than the target level established for revenue of $363 million and for operating margin of (5%), as reflected in the following graphs: PagerDuty 41 2023 Proxy Statement For purposes of the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan: • • • • “Revenue” meant our GAAP revenue as defined in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for fiscal 2023. The actual bonus amount attributable to the revenue performance measure could be greater or less than the target established for revenue of $363 million. Achievement of less than 90% of the target established for revenue would result in a bonus payout of 0%. Achievement of 90% of the target established for revenue would result in a bonus payout of 50% of target. Achievement of 108% of the target established for revenue would result in a bonus payout of 200% of target. “Operating margin” meant our non-GAAP operating margin(1) as defined in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for fiscal 2023. We define “non-GAAP operating margin” as GAAP operating margin excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, and restructuring costs. We believe that these expenses are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a period. In particular, we believe the consideration of measures that exclude such expenses can assist in the comparison of operational performance in different periods which may or may not include such expenses. The actual bonus amount attributable to the operating margin performance measure could be greater or less than the target established for operating margin of (5%). Achievement of less than 80% of the target established for operating margin would result in a bonus payout of 0%. Achievement of 80% of the target established for operating margin would result in a bonus payout of 50% of target. Achievement of 200% of the target established for operating margin would result in a bonus payout of 200%. (1) To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures. For a full reconciliation of the U.S. GAAP to non-GAAP measures, please see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations— Non- GAAP Financial Measures” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2023. Each measure is independent of the other. The payout for attainment between any two achievement levels for the revenue and operating margin performance measures described above would be determined on a straight-line interpolation basis. FISCAL 2023 SHORT-TERM INCENTIVE AWARD In March 2023, the Compensation Committee determined the annual cash bonus payouts under the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan for our employees, including our NEOs who participated in the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan. The Compensation Committee reviewed our actual performance against the aggressive goals on accelerated growth that it set for fiscal 2023 and certified that we achieved revenue representing attainment of 102.2% of our revenue target for the year resulting in a payout percentage of 121.6%. The Compensation Committee also certified that we had achieved an operating margin representing PagerDuty 42 2023 Proxy Statement 218% of our operating margin target for the year resulting in a payout percentage of 200%, the maximum achievable payout. These achievements were even more exceptional when considering that the Compensation Committee established aggressive goals in the beginning of the year that if achieved would ensure revenue growth on a larger base, and they laid a path to improve long term operating leverage. Both our revenue and operating margin goal targets were higher than our target and actual achievement levels for fiscal 2022. Minimum Threshold Target Maximum Actual Minimum Threshold Target Maximum Actual FY23 Revenue (GAAP) Payout (%) Performance to Target (%) Financial ($M) 50 100 120 140 200 90 100 102 104 108 102 326.7 363.0 370.3 376.5 392.0 370.8 FY23 Op Loss Margin (Non-GAAP) Payout (%) Performance to Target (%) Op Loss Margin (%) 50 100 120 140 200 80 100 120 160 200 200 (6.0) (5.0) (4.0) (2.0) — 0.9 Based on the respective weighting of each corporate performance measure, the Compensation Committee approved bonuses for each of our NEOs who participated in the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan equal to approximately 141.2% of their target bonus amounts, as reflected below: NEO Ms. Tejada Mr. Wilson Ms. Webb(2) Target Annual Cash Bonus Payout ($)(1) Actual Annual Cash Bonus Payout ($) Percentage of Target Annual Cash Bonus Actually Paid (%) 587,068 363,623 169,972 828,941 445,660 240,001 141.2 141.2 141.2 (1) (2) Target annual cash bonus payout amounts for the NEOs listed in the table above are calculated based on their annualized base salary, and not their base salary amounts earned in fiscal 2023. The Bonus payable to Ms. Webb is pro-rated for the period of time in which Ms. Webb was eligible to participate in the Program during the Program Year when hired by the Company. PagerDuty 43 2023 Proxy Statement SALES COMMISSION PLAN As our Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer, Mr. Justice’s short-term incentive compensation was based primarily on his ability to drive annual sales results and secondarily on meeting our non-GAAP operating margin performance goal described above under our Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan. Pursuant to our Fiscal 2023 Sales Compensation Plan (the “2023 Sales Plan”) under the PagerDuty, Inc. Cash Incentive Bonus Plan, Mr. Justice was eligible to earn a target variable commission equal to 100% of his fiscal 2023 annual base salary, or $450,000 In fiscal 2023, 80% of Mr. Justice’s annual commission was based on our sales team’s performance in achieving our annual nnARR bookings target for the year. This amount was measured and paid monthly based on our actual performance against our nnARR targets for the year. This commission amount was to be paid linearly until he reached our target performance level for the year, at which point various accelerators would be triggered that could pay anywhere from two and one-half times the commission rate if we exceeded the target performance level up to 110% of the target performance level, up to three times the commission rate if we exceeded 110% of the target performance level up to 120% of the target performance level, and up to four times the commission rate if we exceeded 120% of the target performance level up to 130% of the target performance level, with payout capped at 200% of the sales team’s target performance level. The “commission rate” was calculated as the target commission divided by the nnARR target. Mr. Justice earned an aggregate payout for fiscal 2023 of $352,468 by meeting 80% of the target with respect to this 80% portion of his commission. The performance target levels for annual nnARR are not disclosed because we believe to do so would be competitively harmful, as it would give competitors insight into our strategic and financial planning processes. The Compensation Committee set the target for the nnARR performance measure at a level that it determined to be rigorous and challenging and that would require extraordinary efforts, excellent leadership, effective leveraging of our competencies, and a focus on driving results. In addition, the Compensation Committee selected a nnARR target that exceeded our prior year performance. The remaining 20% of Mr. Justice’s annual commission for fiscal 2023 was dependent on our operating margin performance based on the same performance target and payout methodology that was established for the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan as described above. This amount was to be measured and paid after the end of the year based on actual performance against our operating margin target under the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan. As under the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan, this payout was also capped at 200% of our operating margin performance. Since we achieved operating margin representing 218% of our operating margin target for the year, Mr. Justice earned a payout of $180,000 with respect to this 20% portion of his commission. Based on this performance, for fiscal 2023, Mr. Justice earned a cash bonus under his sales commission plan in the amount of $532,467, or 118% of his target variable commission. The annual short-term incentive compensation payments made to our NEOs for fiscal 2023 are set forth in the “Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023” below under the heading “Executive Compensation.” LONG-TERM INCENTIVE COMPENSATION We view long-term incentive compensation in the form of equity awards as a critical element of our executive compensation program. The realized value of these equity awards bears a direct relationship to our stock price, and, therefore, these awards are an incentive for our NEOs to create value for our stockholders. Equity awards also help us retain qualified executive officers in a competitive market. We currently grant equity awards under the PagerDuty, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the ‘2019 Equity Plan”). Long-term incentive compensation opportunities in the form of equity awards are granted to our executive officers, including our NEOs, by the Compensation Committee. The amount and forms of such equity awards are determined after considering the factors described in “Compensation-Setting Process – Setting Target Total Direct Compensation” above. The amounts of the equity awards are also intended to provide competitively-sized awards and resulting target total direct compensation opportunities that the Compensation Committee believes are reasonable and appropriate taking into consideration the factors described in the preceding sentence. In addition, the Compensation Committee’s goal of increasing the long-term incentive compensation was to reinforce retention considering our CEO’s high vested percentage and low unvested value. The Compensation Committee’s decision to update the ratio of our RSU and PSU grant mix was a result of the committee balancing market practice and stockholder value creation. PagerDuty 44 2023 Proxy Statement ANNUAL EQUITY AWARDS In March 2022, the Compensation Committee decided to grant PSU awards and RSU awards that may be settled for shares of our common stock to our NEOs under the 2019 Equity Plan. The PSU awards strengthen our “pay-for-performance” philosophy, because PSUs are only earned upon achievement of a key performance goal that drives our business and our stockholder value. Therefore, these awards increase the alignment between the interests of our executive officers and stockholders. The Compensation Committee also decided to increase the CEO’s annual target long-term incentive award opportunity PSU ratio from 17% of the equity award being PSUs for fiscal 2022 to 50% for fiscal 2023 after reviewing market data as well stockholder alignment. Payout of the fiscal 2023 PSU awards was directly contingent upon the Company’s achievement of a rigorous performance metric. RSU awards that vest over a multi-year period also remain an important part of our executive compensation program. While RSUs also serve as a “pay-for-performance” tool as the awards appreciate in value as stock price increases, the RSU awards provide more stability to equity-based incentive awards and encourage retention over a multi-year period. The target grant value of the equity awards and the allocation between PSU awards and RSU awards granted to our executive officers, including our NEOs, in March 2022 were determined by the Compensation Committee after considering the intensely competitive talent market in which we operate, the value of our highly experienced executive team led by Ms. Tejada, the market data and recommendations provided by our compensation consultant, including data regarding the cost of replacing executives and recommendations regarding the retentive, unvested value of current holdings for each executive, as well as the other factors described in “Compensation-Setting Process – Setting Target Total Direct Compensation” above. Ms. Tejada’s equity incentive opportunity reflected her overall responsibility for our performance and success. In addition, further differentiation was made among our NEOs based on the Compensation Committee’s review of the competitive market data for their respective positions and its desire to smooth transition to a normalized annual grant program. The equity awards granted to our NEOs (other than Ms. Giamalis, due to her termination of employment, and Ms. Webb whose equity awards were granted July 2, 2022 due to her April 25, 2022 hire date) effective April 2, 2022 were as follows: NEO Ms. Tejada Mr. Wilson Mr. Justice Ms. Webb RSUs (Number of Units) (#)(1) RSU (Target Grant Value) ($)(2) PSUs (Target Number of Units) (#)(1) PSUs (Target Grant Value) ($)(2) 311,029 152,404 152,404 154,256 10,000,000 311,029 10,000,000 4,900,000 65,316 4,900,000 65,316 3,885,000 66,109 2,100,000 2,100,000 1,665,000 (1) (2) The number of units subject to the RSU awards and the PSU awards was determined by dividing (i) the RSU award target grant value or the PSU award target grant value, as applicable, by (ii) the average of the closing price of our common stock on The New York Stock Exchange for the 30 trading days prior to the date of grant, rounded down to the nearest whole number of units. We use an average closing price to determine the number of shares, rather than the share price on the date of grant, to mitigate the impact of one-day or short-term stock price fluctuations. Each unit granted pursuant to these RSU awards and PSU awards represents a contingent right to receive one share of our common stock for each unit that is earned and/or vests. Target grant value represents the value used by the Compensation Committee to calculate the number of shares subject to each NEO’s equity awards at the target performance level. This target total value differs from the values reflected in the Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023 for several reasons, including the manner in which we determine the number of units, as described in the footnote above. The values in the Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023 represent the aggregate grant date fair value of each NEO’s equity awards calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718 based on the single day closing price of our common stock on the date of grant and, for the PSU awards, assuming the probable outcome of the performance conditions. RSU Awards – In the case of the RSU awards granted in April 2022 to our NEOs, 1/16th of the total number of units subject to the awards will vest on each quarterly anniversary of April 2, 2022, subject to such NEO’s Continuous Service (as defined in our 2019 Equity Plan through each applicable vesting date. PSU Awards – In the case of the PSU awards granted in April 2022 to our NEOs, the units subject to the awards were to be earned, if at all, based upon our level of achievement of a pre-established, rigorous performance condition (that is, nnARR) PagerDuty 45 2023 Proxy Statement and vest, if at all, based upon each NEO’s Continuous Service (as defined in the 2019 Equity Plan) through a three-year time- based vesting schedule as set forth hereafter, and subject to the terms of the 2019 Equity Plan. DESIGN OF FISCAL 2023 PSU AWARDS Performance Condition. A percentage of the target units set forth in each NEO’s PSU grant notice (the “Target PSUs”) ranging from 0% to 200% were to become eligible to vest on the certification date based on our level of achievement of the nnARR performance target (the “Performance Target”) over the period commencing February 1, 2022 and ending January 31, 2023 (the “Performance Period”) as calculated in the following table: Net New Annual Recurring Revenue Number of Eligible PSUs 80% of the Performance Target (“Threshold”) 50% of Target PSUs 100% of the Performance Target (“Target”) 100% of Target PSUs 110% of the Performance Target (“10% Stretch”) 150% of Target PSUs 115% of the Performance Target (“15% Stretch”) 175% of Target PSUs 120% of the Performance Target (“Maximum”) 200% of Target PSUs If nnARR was between Threshold and Target, Target and 10% Stretch, 10% Stretch and 15% Stretch, or 15% Stretch and Maximum, then the resulting number of Eligible PSUs were to be linearly interpolated between such levels of nnARR as set forth in the table above. The number of units actually eligible to vest as determined by the Compensation Committee on the certification date were the “Eligible PSUs.” Any units which did not become Eligible PSUs on the certification date were to immediately terminate and be forfeited. We utilized a single nnARR performance period due to challenges in setting reliable longer-term performance targets in a dynamic and fast-moving industry environment in which we operate. Annual goal-setting supports the rigor of our program and enables us to set appropriate goals for each performance period to incentivize consistent year-over-year stretch performance levels that support our long-term growth objectives. To foster alignment with long-term interests of our stockholders, earned PSU shares, if any, are subject to a three-year time-based vesting requirement. Time-Based Vesting Condition. Thirty-three percent of the aggregate number of Eligible PSUs were to vest on April 2, 2023, the first anniversary of the date of grant of the PSU award, and the remainder of the Eligible PSUs will vest in eight equal quarterly installments on each of January 2nd, April 2nd, July 2nd, and October 2nd, subject to the NEO’s Continuous Service as of the applicable vesting date. Our fiscal 2023 PSU awards are also subject to potential acceleration, as further described in “Executive Compensation— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.” PagerDuty 46 2023 Proxy Statement RESULTS OF FISCAL 2023 PSU AWARDS On March 8, 2023, the Compensation Committee determined that our nnARR for fiscal 2023 was attained at 79.3% of the Performance Target. As shown in the foregoing table, this resulted in 0% of the Target PSUs granted to our NEOs becoming Eligible PSUs, and as a result, all of the PSUs granted to our NEOs in fiscal 2023 were canceled in their entirety: Target Number of PSUs (#) Actual Payout Percentage (%) Eligible PSUs (Actual Number of PSUs eligible to vest under time-based vesting condition) (#) 311,029 65,316 65,316 66,109 — — — — — — — — NEO Ms. Tejada Mr. Wilson Mr. Justice Ms. Webb Disclosure of the target and actual nnARR amount would cause us meaningful competitive harm, but we have provided the percentage of the Performance Target attained as a meaningful key metric that conveys the key nature of the goal set and our achievements against it. These aggressive Performance Target ranges were set with a view to sustainable growth beyond delivering revenue only for fiscal 2023, and hence would require significant effort to achieve. It should be noted that the targets for this PSU award were even more aggressive than those for the annual cash bonus program. EQUITY AWARD FOR MS. WEBB As previously described above, in connection with her appointment in April 2022 as our Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel, on July 2, 2022 the Compensation Committee granted Ms. Webb an RSU award with a target grant value of $3,885,000 for 154,256 units and a PSU award with a target grant value of $1,665,000 for 66,109 units, both under our 2019 Equity Plan, which were to vest upon the same terms as the RSU and PSU awards granted to our other NEOs in fiscal 2023. The equity awards granted to our NEOs during fiscal 2023 are set forth in the “Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023” and the “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” table below under the heading “Executive Compensation.” Welfare and Health Benefits We maintain a tax-qualified defined contribution retirement plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), that provides eligible U.S. employees, including our NEOs, with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax advantaged basis. Eligible employees may defer eligible compensation on a pre-tax and/or post-tax basis, up to the statutory annual limits on contributions under the Code. Employee contributions are allocated to each participant’s individual account and are then invested in selected investment alternatives according to the participant’s directions. Participants are immediately and fully vested in their contributions. Our Section 401(k) plan provides for discretionary matching of employee contributions. For fiscal 2023, we made employer matching contributions of up to two percent of each participant’s employee contributions of up to two percent of eligible wages during the period as defined in the Section 401(k) Plan. Additional benefits offered to all employees, including our NEOs, include medical, dental and vision insurance, business travel insurance, an employee assistance program, a mental health benefit, health and dependent care flexible spending accounts, basic life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, short-term and long-term disability insurance, commuter benefits and a monthly electronics allowance. During 2023, we also offered specific home office related reimbursements to our newly hired employees, including Ms. Webb. We design our employee benefits programs to be cost effective, scalable, and competitive in relation to the market as well as compliant with applicable laws and practices. We adjust our employee benefits programs as needed based upon regular monitoring of applicable laws and practices and the competitive market. PagerDuty 47 2023 Proxy Statement Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits In general, we do not provide significant perquisites or other personal benefits to our NEOs except as generally made available to our employees, or in special circumstances where the Compensation Committee believes it is appropriate to assist an individual in the performance of his or her duties, to make him or her more efficient and effective, and for recruitment and retention purposes. PagerDuty offers the NEOs certain health and life insurance, as well as payment of certain transportation costs, and corporate travel fee costs when the Compensation Committee determines that such arrangements are appropriate and consistent with the Company’s business objectives. In the future, we may provide perquisites or other personal benefits in limited circumstances, such as those described in the preceding paragraph. All future practices with respect to perquisites or other personal benefits will be approved and subject to periodic review by the Compensation Committee. Employment Arrangements We have entered into a written amended and restated employment offer letter with Ms. Tejada (the “Tejada Letter”) and into either a confirmatory employment agreement or employment offer letter with each of our other NEOs. Each of these arrangements was approved on our behalf by the Compensation Committee or our Board at the recommendation of the Compensation Committee. We believe that these arrangements were necessary to induce these individuals to forgo other employment opportunities or leave their then-current employer for the uncertainty of a demanding position in a new and unfamiliar organization. In filling each of our executive positions, our Board or the Compensation Committee, as applicable, recognized that it would need to develop competitive compensation packages to attract qualified candidates in a dynamic labor market. At the same time, our Board and the Compensation Committee were sensitive to the need to integrate new executive officers into the executive compensation structure that we were seeking to develop, balancing both competitive and internal equity considerations. Each of our employment arrangements provides for “at will” employment and sets forth the initial compensation arrangements for the NEO, including an initial base salary, a target annual bonus opportunity, eligibility to participate in our employee benefit programs, and severance payments and benefits upon a qualifying termination of employment. Further, each of our NEOs has executed a form of our standard proprietary information and inventions assignment agreement. Under the terms of the Tejada Letter, Ms. Tejada is eligible to receive certain specified severance payments and benefits in connection with certain terminations of her employment, including in connection with a change in control of our Company. This post-employment compensation arrangement is discussed in “Executive Compensation – Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.” For detailed descriptions of the employment arrangements we maintained with our NEOs during fiscal 2023, see “Executive Compensation – Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.” SEVERANCE AND CHANGE IN CONTROL BENEFITS Other than Ms. Tejada, each of our NEOs is eligible to participate as a Tier 2 participant in the Executive Severance and Change in Control Policy (the “Severance Policy”). The Severance Policy provides these individuals with severance benefits in the event of certain terminations, including an involuntary termination following a change in control of our Company. These severance arrangements provide reasonable compensation to our NEOs if they leave our employ under certain circumstances to facilitate their transition to new employment. We also believe that these arrangements help maintain our NEOs’ continued focus and dedication to their assigned duties to maximize stockholder value if there is a potential transaction that could involve a change in control of our Company. Under the Tejada Letter and with respect to the NEOs covered by the Severance Policy, all payments and benefits in the event of a change in control of our Company are payable only if there is a subsequent loss of employment by an executive officer (a so-called “double-trigger” arrangement) or in the case of equity acceleration, with respect to RSUs, upon a change in control if the acquiring company refuses to assume, continue, substitute for, or cancel for a specified per-share amount the outstanding awards. Our fiscal 2023 PSU awards are also subject to potential acceleration, as further described in“Executive Compensation – Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.” PagerDuty 48 2023 Proxy Statement The Severance Policy will remain in effect until April 11, 2025, except that if on the date the Severance Policy is set to expire we have entered into an agreement that would cause a change in control to occur, then the Severance Policy will remain in effect until the consummation of the transaction constituting the change in control. If any of the payments or benefits provided for under the Tejada Letter and the Severance Policy or otherwise payable to a NEO would constitute a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code and could be subject to the related excise tax, a NEO would receive either full payment of such payments and benefits or such lesser amount that would cause no portion of the payments and benefits being subject to the excise tax, whichever results in the greater after-tax benefits to our NEO. We do not use excise tax payments (or “gross-ups”) relating to a change in control of our Company and have no such obligations in place with respect to any of our executive officers, including our NEOs. The receipt of severance payments and benefits upon a qualifying termination of employment under the Tejada Letter and the Severance Policy is contingent upon each NEO signing and not revoking a general release of claims, our NEOs must sign and not revoke a general release of claims in our favor. In addition, under the Tejada Letter, in order for Ms. Tejada to receive severance payments and benefits for which she is eligible, she must resign from our Board and return all of our property in her possession. We believe that having in place reasonable and competitive post-employment compensation arrangements in the event of a change in control of our Company is essential to attracting and retaining highly qualified executive officers. The Compensation Committee does not consider the specific amounts payable under the post-employment compensation arrangements when determining the annual compensation for our NEOs. We do believe, however, that these arrangements are necessary to offer compensation packages that are competitive. For a summary of the material terms and conditions of the post-employment compensation arrangements we maintained with our NEOs during fiscal 2023, as well as an estimate of the potential payments and benefits that they would have been eligible to receive if a hypothetical change in control or other trigger event had occurred on January 31, 2023 and, with respect to Ms. Giamalis, the payments made to her as a result of her termination in fiscal 2023, see “Executive Compensation - Employment Agreements with our Named Executive Officers” and “Executive Compensations – Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.” PagerDuty 49 2023 Proxy Statement Other Compensation Policies COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY Currently, we have not implemented a policy regarding retroactive adjustments to any cash or equity-based incentive compensation paid to our executive officers and other employees where the payments were predicated upon the achievement of financial results that were subsequently the subject of a financial restatement. We intend to adopt a general compensation recovery (“clawback”) policy covering our annual and long-term incentive award plans and arrangements that is compliant with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in a timely manner following finalization of the NYSE listing standards relating to the recovery of erroneously awarded compensation. As a public company, if we are required to restate our financial results due to our material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirements under the federal securities laws as a result of misconduct, the CEO and CFO may be legally required to reimburse our Company for any bonus or other incentive-based or equity-based compensation they receive in accordance with the provisions of section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. HEDGING AND PLEDGING PROHIBITIONS Our Insider Trading Policy prohibits our employees (including our NEOs) and the non-employee members of our Board from engaging in derivative securities or hedging transactions. This prohibition extends to publicly traded options, such as puts and calls, and other derivative securities with respect to our securities (other than stock options and other compensatory equity awards issued to our employees (including our officers) and the non-employee members of our Board by our Company). This includes any hedging or similar transaction designed to decrease the risks associated with holding our common stock. Similarly, our Insider Trading Policy prohibits our employees (including our officers) and the non-employee members of our Board from using our securities as collateral for loans, pledging our securities as collateral for loans, or holding our common stock in a margin account. COMPENSATION RISK ASSESSMENT The Compensation Committee has reviewed our compensation policies and practices, in consultation with Compensia, to assess whether they encourage employees to take inappropriate risks. After conducting this review of compensation-related risk, the Compensation Committee has concluded that our compensation policies and practices are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our Company. EQUITY GRANT TIMING PRACTICES We generally grant equity awards on fixed dates determined in advance, although there may be occasions when grants are made on other dates, such as new hires or other special circumstances. The timing of equity award grants to our executive officers is not coordinated in a manner that intentionally benefits our executive officers. The Compensation Committee approves all equity award grants to our NEOs on or before the grant date. The Compensation Committee’s general practice is to complete its annual executive compensation review and determine performance goals and target compensation for our NEOs, and then equity awards are granted to NEOs and become effective. This process is further described above under the section titled Compensation-Setting Process. Accordingly, annual equity awards are typically granted to our NEOs in April of each fiscal year. On a limited occasion, the Compensation Committee may grant equity awards outside of our annual grant cycle for new hires, promotions, recognition, retention or other purposes. While the Compensation Committee has discretionary authority to approve equity awards to our NEOs outside of the cycle described above, the committee does not have a practice or policy of granting equity awards in anticipation of the release of material nonpublic information and we do not, in any event, time the release of material non-public information in coordination with grants of equity awards in a manner that intentionally benefits our NEOs. PagerDuty 50 2023 Proxy Statement Tax and Accounting Considerations We take the applicable tax and accounting requirements into consideration in designing and operating our executive compensation program. DEDUCTIBILITY OF EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Under Section 162(m) of the Code (“Section 162(m)”), compensation paid to each of our “covered employees” that exceeds $1 million per taxable year is generally non-deductible unless the compensation qualifies for (i) certain grandfathered exceptions (including the “performance-based compensation” exception) for certain compensation paid pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on November 2, 2017 and not materially modified on or after such date or (ii) the reliance period exception for certain compensation paid by corporations that became publicly held on or before December 20, 2019. For purposes of Section 162(m), a “covered employee” includes our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, any other executive officer whose total compensation is required to be reported to stockholders under the Exchange Act by reason of such individual being among the three highest compensated executive officers for the tax year, and any executive officer who was subject to the deduction limit in any tax year beginning after December 31, 2016. Although the Compensation Committee will continue to consider tax implications as one factor in determining executive compensation, the Compensation Committee also looks at other factors in making its decisions and retains the flexibility to provide compensation for our NEOs in a manner consistent with the goals of our executive compensation program and the best interests of our Company and its stockholders, which may include providing for compensation that is not deductible by us due to the deduction limit under Section 162(m). The Compensation Committee also retains the flexibility to modify compensation that was initially intended to be exempt from the deduction limit under Section 162(m) if it determines that such modifications are consistent with our business needs. ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Compensation Committee takes accounting considerations into account in designing compensation plans and arrangements for our executive officers and other employees. Chief among these is ASC Topic 718, the standard which governs the accounting treatment of certain stock-based compensation. Among other things, ASC Topic 718 requires us to record a compensation expense in our income statement for all equity awards granted to our executive officers and other employees. This compensation expense is based on the grant date “fair value” of the equity award and will be recognized ratably over the award’s requisite service period (which, generally, will correspond to the award’s vesting schedule), with the exception of PSUs which are recognized using the accelerated attribution method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. This compensation expense is also reported in the compensation tables below, even though recipients may never realize any value from their equity awards. PagerDuty 51 2023 Proxy Statement Compensation Committee Report* The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (the “CD&A”) contained in this Proxy Statement. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee has recommended to our Board that the CD&A be included in this Proxy Statement and incorporated into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Compensation Committee Zachary Nelson (Chair) Sameer Dholakia Rathi Murthy *The material in this report is not “soliciting material,” is furnished to, but not deemed “filed” with, the Commission and is not deemed to be incorporated by reference in any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, other than our Annual Report on Form 10 K, where it shall be deemed to be “furnished,” whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.” PagerDuty 52 2023 Proxy Statement Executive Compensation Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023 The following table presents all of the compensation awarded to or earned by or paid to our NEOs for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Name Fiscal Year Salary ($) Bonus ($)(1) Options Awards ($)(2) Stock Awards ($)(2) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)(3) All Other Compensation ($)(4) Total ($) Jennifer Tejada Chief Executive Officer Howard Wilson Chief Financial Officer Shelley Webb(5) Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary David Justice(6) Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer Stacey Giamalis(7) Former Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary 2023 586,667 2022 508,333 2021 450,000 2023 450,735 2022 420,833 2021 400,000 — — — — — — — 21,286,825 828,941 14,864 22,717,297 — 11,867,582 884,730 7,923 13,268,568 — 5,646,686 588,150 2,058 6,686,894 — 7,450,378 445,660 15,698 8,362,471.3 — 5,480,722 512,507 5,032 6,419,094 — 2,971,938 365,960 5,891 3,743,789 2023 308,333 — — 5,603,882 240,001 7,569 6,159,785.51 2023 441,667 2022 391,667 — — 2021 350,000 58,333 2023 91,958 2022 337,363 2021 326,480 — — — — 7,450,378 532,467 8,125 8,432,636.95 — 5,975,214 550,737 4,384 6,922,002 — — 984,703 289,667 4,878 1,687,581 — — 228,267 320,224.99 — 1,906,883 234,749 3,117 2,482,112 — 1,238,308 169,100 4,339 1,738,227 (1) (2) The amounts reported for Mr. Justice reflect a portion of the non-recoverable draw against commissions for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2021 pursuant to the terms of his offer letter. The amounts reported represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the option awards, RSU awards, and PSU awards, as applicable, granted to the NEO in the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. Such aggregate grant date fair value does not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value of the option awards and stock awards reported in this column are set forth in Note 12 to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report. With respect to PSUs granted in fiscal 2023, the grant date fair value in the table above is calculated assuming probable outcome of the applicable performance condition, measured as of the grant date in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The grant date fair value of the PSUs, assuming achievement of the maximum level of performance under the applicable performance conditions is $21,286,825 for Ms. Tejada, $4,470,227 for each of Mr. Wilson and Mr. Justice, and $3,362,304 for Ms. Webb. The amounts reported in this column reflect the accounting cost for these option awards and stock awards, and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the NEOs upon vesting of the awards. (3) The amounts reported represent the NEO’s total cash incentive bonuses earned for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, as described above under “Compensation Elements—Target Bonus Amounts,” and paid in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. PagerDuty 53 2023 Proxy Statement (4) The amounts reported include (i) driver services for Ms. Tejada, (ii) matching 401(k) contributions for each of Mr. Wilson, Ms. Webb, Mr. Justice, and Ms. Giamalis, (iii) recognition awards for each of Ms. Tejada (with associated tax gross-up of $546), Mr. Wilson (with associated tax gross-up of $546), Mr. Justice (with associated tax gross-up of $692), and Ms. Giamalis (with associated tax gross-up of $546), (iv) company parking for each of Ms. Tejada, Mr. Wilson, Ms. Webb, Mr. Justice, and Ms. Giamalis, and (v) amounts paid to Mr. Justice as reimbursement for personal items stolen during a company event (with associated tax gross-up $854). For Ms. Giamalis, the amounts reported also includes a lump-sum payment ($169,770), accrued vacation paid out ($39,178), and COBRA premiums ($13,488). (5) Ms. Webb was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel, effective April 25, 2022, and Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel and Secretary, effective May 26, 2022. (6) Mr. Justice ceased serving as our Chief Revenue Officer effective February 3, 2023. (7) Ms. Giamalis ceased serving as Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Secretary on April 25, 2022, and continued to provide services during a transition period until May 6, 2022. Grants of Plan-Based Awards The following table shows, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, certain information regarding grants of plan-based awards to our NEOs: Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards (1) Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards (2) Grant Date Threshold ($) Target ($) Maximum ($) Threshold (#) Target (#) Maximum (#) — 293,534 587,069 1,174,137 All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units (#) Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards ($)(3) 4/2/2022 155,514 311,029 622,058 311,029(4) 21,286,825 — 157,812 315,623 631,246 4/2/2022 32,658 65,316 130,632 152,404(4) 7,450,378 — 84,986 169,973 339,945 7/2/2022 33,055 66,109 132,218 154,256(6) 5,603,882 — — 450,000 — 4/2/2022 32,658 65,316 130,632 152,404(4) 7,450,378 — — — Name Jennifer Tejada Howard Wilson Shelley Webb(5) David Justice Stacey Giamalis(7) (1) These amounts reflect the threshold, target, and maximum non-equity incentive cash bonus amounts for performance for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 for each of our NEOs, except for Mr. Justice, pursuant to the Fiscal 2023 Bonus Plan. For Mr. Justice, these amounts reflect the target non-equity incentive cash bonus amount for performance for fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, pursuant to the Sales Plan. The Sales Plan does not specify overall threshold or maximum amounts. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual amounts that were received by our NEOs. Target bonuses were set as a percentage of each NEO's base salary for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, and were 100% for Ms. Tejada, 70% for Mr. Wilson, 55% for Ms. Webb, 100% for Mr. Justice, and 40% for Ms. Giamalis, as further described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above. (2) Amounts in the “Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards” represent the fiscal 2023 PSUs that were granted on April 2, 2022 and July 2, 2022, and are eligible to vest based on the achievement of nnARR performance target during the one year performance period. The amounts shown in the Threshold column reflect the PSUs earned if the minimum corporate performance metric is met and is 50% of the amounts shown under the Target column. The amounts shown in the Target column reflect the PSUs earned if the corporate performance metric is at target. The amounts shown in the Maximum column reflect the PSUs earned if the PagerDuty 54 2023 Proxy Statement maximum corporate performance metric is met and is 200% of the amounts shown under the Target column. In addition, the PSUs vest over three years, subject to continuous service. (3) Amounts shown represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the equity awards, which includes RSUs and target PSUs, granted to our NEOs, computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718. Pursuant to SEC rules, the amounts shown exclude the impact of estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. The assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are described in Note 12 to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report. The grant date fair value of the PSUs in the table above is calculated assuming probable outcome of the applicable performance condition, measured as of the grant date in accordance with ASC Topic 718. These amounts may not correspond to the actual value that may be recognized by our NEOs. Material terms of plan-based awards, including criteria used in determining amounts payable and vesting of awards, are further discussed in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above. (4) (5) (6) The amounts represent RSU awards that vest ratably every quarter over four years with the first vest occurring on July 2, 2022, subject to continuous service. The amounts for Ms. Webb reflect the pro-rated amounts for threshold, target, and maximum non-equity incentive cash bonus amounts for performance for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 for the period of time in which Ms. Webb was eligible to participate in the non-equity incentive cash bonus plan. The amounts represent RSU awards that vest ratably every quarter over four years with the first vest occurring on October 2, 2022, subject to continuous service. (7) Ms. Giamalis ceased serving as Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Secretary on April 25, 2022, and was not eligible to receive any amounts under the non-equity incentive cash bonus plan at the end of fiscal 2023 nor did she receive any equity awards for fiscal 2023. PagerDuty 55 2023 Proxy Statement Outstanding Equity Awards as of January 31, 2023 The following table presents the outstanding equity incentive plan awards held by each of our NEOs as of January 31, 2023. Option Awards(1) Stock Awards(1) Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (#) Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (#) Option Exercise Price ($) Option Expiration Date Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#) Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($)(2) Name Grant Date Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares or Units That Have Not Vested (#) Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market Value of Unearned Shares or Units That Have Not Vested ($)(2) 4/2/2022 4/2/2021 4/2/2020 — 3/8/2019(5) 814,000 7/10/2018(6) 713,084 7/22/2016(7) 1,280,234 4/2/2022 10/2/2021(8) 4/2/2021 4/2/2020 — 3/8/2019(9) 220,000 7/10/2018(10) 202,000 12/30/2016(11) 44,164 7/2/2022 4/2/2022 10/2/2021(8) 4/2/2021 252,712(3) 7,528,290 311,029(4) 9,265,554 135,121(3) 4,025,255 25,861(4) 770,399 — — 111,051(3) 3,308,209 14.52 3/7/2029 7.43 7/9/2028 2.00 7/21/2026 — — — — — — 123,829(3) 3,688,866 65,316(4) 1,945,764 31,781 946,756 40,536(3) 1,207,567 7,755(4) 231,021 — — 58,448(3) 1,741,166 14.52 3/7/2029 7.43 7/9/2028 2.00 12/29/2026 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 134,974(3) 4,020,875 66,109(4) 1,969,387 123,829(3) 3,688,866 65,316(4) 1,945,764 31,781 946,756 47,293(3) 1,408,858 7,755(4) 231,021 4/2/2020(12) — — — — 19,366 576,913 1/2/2020(13) 31,872 10,624 24.34 1/1/2030 53,570 1,595,850 — — — — — — — — — Jennifer Tejada Chief Executive Officer Howard Wilson Chief Financial Officer Shelley Webb Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary David Justice Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer Stacey Giamalis(14) Former Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary PagerDuty 56 2023 Proxy Statement (1) All option and stock awards listed in this table were granted pursuant to the 2010 Stock Plan or the 2019 Equity Plan and are subject to acceleration of vesting as described in “—Employment Agreements with our NEOs ” or “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below. (2) (3) (4) This column represents the market value of the shares of our common stock underlying the stock awards as of January 31, 2023, based on the closing price of our common stock, as reported on the NYSE, of $29.79 per share on January 31, 2023. The shares underlying the stock award shall vest in 1/16 quarterly installments, commencing three months after the grant date, subject to continuous service through each such date. Each PSU granted represents a contingent right to receive one share of our common stock for each unit that is earned. The units subject to the PSU award vests, if at all, based upon both (i) a pre-established, rigorous performance condition (that is based on nnARR) and (ii) each NEO’s Continuous Service (as defined in the 2019 Equity Plan) through the following time-based vesting schedule: Thirty- three percent of the aggregate number of Eligible PSUs vest on the first anniversary of the date of grant of the PSU award (the “First Vest Date”), and the remainder of the Eligible PSUs will vest in eight equal quarterly installments on each of July 2nd, October 2nd, January 2nd, and April 2nd (the “Quarterly Vest Dates”), subject to the NEO’s Continuous Service as of the First Vest Date and each subsequent vesting date. For PSU awards granted on April 2, 2021, amounts reflect Eligible PSUs earned that have not vested. For PSU awards granted on April 2, 2022, such PSUs were forfeited in their entirety due to the achieved performance result that fell below the threshold performance level. (5) All shares subject to the stock option first became exercisable on the grant date, subject to our right to repurchase unvested shares in the event Ms. Tejada’s employment terminates. The option vests as follows: (a) for 407,000 shares of 814,000 shares, 25% of the shares subject to option (a) shall vest on March 8, 2020 and 1/48th per month thereafter and (b) for 407,000 shares of 814,000 shares, 25% of the shares subject to option (b) shall vest on March 8, 2021 and 1/48th per month thereafter, subject to her continuous service through each such date. Out of the unexercised options exercisable, 678,334 shares subject to the options were vested as of January 31, 2023. (6) A portion of the option covering 26,916 shares is intended to qualify as an incentive stock option for federal tax purposes, and the remaining option to purchase 713,084 shares is a nonstatutory stock option. The option becomes exercisable as follows: (a) 13,458 shares subject to the incentive stock option first become exercisable on January 1 in each of 2021 and 2022; and (b) all of the 713,084 shares subject to the nonstatutory stock option first become exercisable on the grant date, subject to our right to repurchase unvested shares in the event Ms. Tejada’s employment terminates. 12/48th of the total shares subject to the option vests on the 12-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date of July 10, 2018 and 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option vests on the same day of each month thereafter, subject to her continuous service to us through each such date. The option is fully vested as of January 31, 2023. (7) A portion of the option covering 250,000 shares is intended to qualify as an incentive stock option for federal tax purposes, and the remaining option to purchase 3,638,426 shares is a nonstatutory stock option. The option becomes exercisable as follows: (a) 50,000 shares subject to the incentive stock option first become exercisable on the grant date and an additional 50,000 shares subject to the incentive stock option first become exercisable on January 1 in each of 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020; and (b) all of the 3,638,426 shares subject to the nonstatutory stock option first become exercisable on the grant date, subject to our right to repurchase unvested shares in the event Ms. Tejada’s employment terminates. 12/48th of the total shares subject to the option vests on the 12-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date of July 22, 2016 and 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option vests on the same day of each month thereafter, subject to her continuous service to us through each such date. The option is fully vested as of January 31, 2023. (8) The amounts represent RSU awards that vest according to the following schedule: 30% of the shares vest on the first and second anniversaries of the grant date, and the remaining 40% of the shares vest on the third anniversary of the grant date subject to continuous service with us. (9) All shares subject to the stock option first became exercisable on the grant date, subject to our right to repurchase unvested shares in the event Mr. Wilson’s employment terminates. The option vests as follows: (a) for 110,000 shares of 220,000 shares, 25% of the shares subject to option (a) vested on March 8, 2020 and 1/48th per month thereafter and (b) for 110,000 shares of 220,000 (6) shares, 25% of the shares subject to option (b) shall vest on March 8, 2021 and 1/48th per month thereafter subject to his continuous service through each such date. Out of the unexercised options exercisable, 183,334 shares subject to the options were vested as of January 31, 2023. (10) A portion of the option covering 26,916 shares is intended to qualify as an incentive stock option for federal tax purposes, and the remaining portion of the option covering 203,084 shares is a nonstatutory stock option. The option becomes exercisable as follows: (a) 13,458 shares subject to the incentive stock option first become exercisable on January 1 in each of 2021 and 2022; and (b) all of the 203,084 shares subject to the nonstatutory stock option first become exercisable on the grant date, subject to our right to repurchase unvested shares in the event Mr. Wilson’s employment terminates. 12/48th of the total shares subject to the option vests on the 12- month anniversary of the vesting commencement date of July 10, 2018 and 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option vests on the same day of each month thereafter, subject to his continuous service to us through each such date. The option is fully vested as of January 31, 2023. (11) A portion of the option covering 250,000 shares is intended to qualify as an incentive stock option for federal tax purposes, and the remaining portion of the option covering 372,148 shares is a nonstatutory stock option. The option becomes exercisable as follows: (a) 50,000 shares subject to the incentive stock option first become exercisable on the grant date and an additional 50,000 shares subject to the incentive stock option first become exercisable on January 1 in each of 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020; and (b) all of the 372,148 shares subject to the nonstatutory stock option first become exercisable on the grant date, subject to our right to repurchase unvested shares in the event Mr. Wilson’s employment terminates. 12/48th of the total shares subject to the option vests on the 12-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date of December 23, 2016 and 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option vests on the same day of each month thereafter, subject to continuous service to us through each such date. The option is fully vested as of January 31, 2023. PagerDuty 57 2023 Proxy Statement (12) The shares underlying the stock award shall vest as follows: 25% of the shares shall vest on April 2, 2021 and 1/16 quarterly thereafter, subject to Mr. Justice’s continuous service through each such date. (13) The shares underlying the options shall vest and become exercisable and the shares underlying the stock award shall vest in accordance with the following schedule: 25% one year from the date of grant and the remaining shall vest in 1/16 quarterly installments thereafter, subject to Mr. Justice's continuous service through each such date. (14) Because Ms. Giamalis ceased providing services to the Company, effective April 25, 2022, her equity awards ceased vesting as of her separation date and the period of time during which she permitted to exercise vested options ended August 4, 2022. All unexercised options held by Ms. Giamalis were forfeited. Stock Option Exercises and Stock Vested The following table shows for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, certain information regarding option exercises and stock vested during the last fiscal year with respect to our NEOs: Option Awards Stock Awards Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#) Value Realized on Exercise ($)(1) Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#) Value Realized on Vesting ($)(2) 604,378 230,000 — — 16,546,287 243,418 6,036,300 117,829 — — 19,282 143,136 247,681 5,238,288 8,441 6,623,124 3,127,599 478,483 3,818,981 288,851 Name Jennifer Tejada Howard Wilson Shelley Webb David Justice Stacey Giamalis (1) (2) The value realized on exercise represents the difference between the exercise price per share of the stock option and the market price of our common stock at the time of exercise. The value realized was determined without considering any taxes that may have been owed. The value realized upon vesting of restricted stock units is calculated by multiplying the number of shares vested by the closing price of our common stock on the vest date. Employment Agreements with our Named Executive Officers Below are descriptions of our employment agreements with our NEOs. The agreements generally provide for at-will employment and set forth the NEO’s initial base salary, target annual bonus opportunity, eligibility for employee benefits, and severance benefits upon a qualifying termination of employment. Furthermore, each of our NEOs has executed a form of our standard proprietary information and inventions assignment agreement. The key terms of the employment agreements with our NEOs are described below. JENNIFER TEJADA We entered into an amended and restated offer letter with Jennifer Tejada (“Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter”), our Chief Executive Officer, which was most recently amended in March 2021 and which sets forth the terms and conditions of her employment with us. The Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter has no specific term and provides for at-will employment. The Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter supersedes all existing agreements and understandings Ms. Tejada may have concerning her employment relationship with us. Ms. Tejada’s current annual base salary is $600,000 and her current target annual bonus opportunity is $600,000. Ms. Tejada is eligible to participate in benefit plans and arrangements made available to all of our full-time employees, subject to the terms of such plans. The Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter reaffirms that, on July 22, 2016, Ms. Tejada was granted a time-based vesting option to purchase shares of our common stock, which represented the right to purchase 6.25% of our issued and outstanding securities on a fully diluted basis as of the grant date. Pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated offer letter, if Ms. Tejada’s equity awards subject to time-based vesting and granted prior to a change in control transaction (as defined in her amended and restated offer letter) are not assumed, substituted, continued or canceled for a per-share amount payable to holders of common stock, less any applicable per-share exercise price payable upon exercise of such equity PagerDuty 58 2023 Proxy Statement award, in connection with the change in control transaction, 100% of the then-unvested shares subject to such equity awards will vest immediately prior to the change in control transaction, contingent upon such transaction. Under the Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter, if Ms. Tejada’s employment is terminated other than for “cause,” she resigns for “good reason,” or her employment terminates due to her death or “disability” (such terms as defined in the Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter), in each case, during the period from three months before until 18 months following a “change in control transaction” (such period for the purposes of the Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter, the “change in control transaction period”), Ms. Tejada will be eligible to receive the following severance benefits (less applicable tax withholdings): (i) a lump sum cash amount equal to 18 months of her then-current annual base salary, plus an additional $12,000; (ii) 100% accelerated vesting and exercisability, as applicable, of all of her outstanding equity awards subject to time-based vesting and granted prior to a change in control transaction; (iii) a lump sum cash amount equal to a prorated amount of her target annual bonus opportunity; and (iv) payment or reimbursement of premiums to continue group health coverage under COBRA (as defined below) for 18 months. Further, under the Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter, if Ms. Tejada’s employment is terminated other than for cause, she resigns for good reason, or her employment terminates due to her death or disability any time other than during the change in control transaction period, Ms. Tejada will be eligible to receive the following severance benefits (less applicable tax withholding): (i) a lump sum cash amount equal to 12 months of her then-current annual base salary, plus an additional $12,000; (ii) accelerated vesting and exercisability, as applicable, of each of her outstanding equity awards subject to time- based vesting with respect to a number of shares equal to 50% of the number of shares originally subject to the equity award; (iii) a lump sum cash amount equal to a prorated amount of her target annual bonus opportunity; and (iv) payment or reimbursement of the premiums to continue group health coverage under COBRA for 12 months. To receive the severance benefits above upon a qualifying termination, Ms. Tejada must timely (i) resign from our Board, (ii) sign and not revoke a general release of claims in our favor, and (iii) return all of our property in her possession. If any of the payments provided for under the Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter or otherwise payable to Ms. Tejada would constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code and would be subject to the related excise tax under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code, then she will be entitled to receive either full payment of benefits or such lesser amount which would result in no portion of the benefits being subject to the excise tax, whichever results in the greater amount of after-tax benefits to her. The Tejada Amended and Restated Offer Letter does not require us to provide any tax gross-up payments to her. HOWARD WILSON We have entered into a confirmatory employment agreement with Howard Wilson, our Chief Financial Officer. The confirmatory employment agreement has no specific term and provides for at-will employment. Mr. Wilson’s current annual base salary is $455,882 and his current target annual bonus opportunity is $319,118. Mr. Wilson is eligible to participate in benefit plans and arrangements made available to all our full-time employees. Mr. Wilson also is eligible to receive severance benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of his employment, as more fully described below under “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.” DAVID JUSTICE We entered into an offer letter with David Justice, our Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer. The offer letter had no specific term and provides for at-will employment. Mr. Justice’s current annual base salary was $450,000 and his target sales commission opportunity was $450,000. Mr. Justice was eligible to participate in benefit plans and arrangements made available to all our full-time employees. On January 24, 2023, we announced that Mr. Justice gave notice to resign from his position as the Chief Revenue Officer, effective February 3, 2023. SHELLEY WEBB We have entered into an offer letter with Shelley Webb, our Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary. The offer letter has no specific term and provided for at-will employment. Ms. Webb’s annual base salary is $400,000, and her current target annual bonus opportunity is $220,000. Ms. Webb is eligible to participate in benefit plans and arrangements made available to all our full-time employees. Ms. Webb is also eligible to receive severance benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of her employment, as more fully described below under “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.” PagerDuty 59 2023 Proxy Statement STACEY GIAMALIS We entered into a confirmatory employment agreement with Stacey Giamalis, our former Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary which was effective prior to her separation with us in 2022. The confirmatory employment agreement had no specific term and provided for at-will employment. Ms. Giamalis’s annual base salary was $339,539. Ms. Giamalis was eligible to participate in benefit plans and arrangements made available to all our full-time employees. On March 25, 2022, Ms. Giamalis provided notice of her intention to resign from the Company, following a transition period ended on May 6, 2022. Potential Post-Employment Payments upon Termination or Change in Control We maintain the Severance Policy for the benefit of Mr. Wilson, Ms. Webb, Mr. Justice (prior to the cessation of his services), Ms. Giamalis (prior to the cessation of her services) and certain other executives (other than Ms. Tejada) and key employees, which was most recently amended in March 2021. Under the Severance Policy, if we terminate the employment of Mr. Wilson, Ms. Webb, Mr. Justice (while he was employed and covered by the Severance Policy) or Ms. Giamalis (while she was employed and covered by the Severance Policy) (each a “Covered Employee) ”other than for “cause,” or a Covered Employee resigns for “good reason” (such terms as defined in the Severance Policy), in each case, during the period from three months before until 12 months following a “change in control” (as defined in the Severance Policy and such period for the purposes of the Severance Policy, the “change in control period”), such Covered Employee will be eligible to receive the following severance benefits (less applicable tax withholdings): (i) a lump sum cash amount equal to 12 months of then-current annual base salary; (ii) a lump sum cash amount equal to a prorated amount of target annual bonus opportunity; (iii) continuation of health plan benefits at no cost under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, or COBRA, for up to 12 months, and (iv) 100% of then outstanding and unvested equity awards that are subject to time-based vesting will fully vest and, as applicable, be exercisable. Further, under the Severance Policy, if a Covered Employee is terminated other than for cause any time other than during the change in control period, he or she will be eligible to receive the following severance benefits (less applicable tax withholding): (i) a lump sum cash amount equal to six months of then-current annual base salary and (ii) continuation of health plan benefits at no cost under COBRA for up to six months. In addition, if equity awards held by a Covered Employee that are subject to time-based vesting and granted prior to a change in control are not assumed, substituted, continued or canceled for a per-share amount payable to holders of common stock, less any applicable per-share exercise price payable upon exercise of such equity award, in connection with the change in control, 100% of the then-unvested shares subject to such equity awards will vest immediately prior to the change in control, contingent upon such transaction. To receive the severance benefits above upon a qualifying termination, the Covered Employee must sign and not revoke a general release of claims in our favor by the deadline set forth in the Severance Policy. If any of the payments provided for under the Severance Policy or otherwise payable to such Covered Employee would constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code and would be subject to the related excise tax under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code, then he or she will be entitled to receive either full payment of benefits or such lesser amount which would result in no portion of the benefits being subject to the excise tax, whichever results in the greater amount of after-tax benefits to him. The Severance Policy does not require us to provide any tax gross-up payments to any Covered Employee or any other participant. The Severance Policy will remain in effect until April 11, 2025, except if on the date the Severance Policy is set to expire we have entered into an agreement that would cause a change in control to occur, then the Severance Policy will remain in effect until the consummation of the transaction constituting a change in control. Ms. Tejada is not eligible to participate in the Severance Policy and is only eligible to receive potential termination or change in control payments pursuant to her amended and restated employment agreement, as described in “—Employment Agreements with our NEOs—Jennifer Tejada.” In addition, all options and RSUs granted under our 2019 Equity Plan and our 2010 Stock Plan provide that they will fully accelerate in the event of the holder’s termination due to death. PagerDuty 60 2023 Proxy Statement Pursuant to the terms of our fiscal 2023 PSU awards, in the event of the holder’s termination due to death, the Eligible PSUs will fully accelerate. In the event of a change in control during the performance period, the target number of PSUs will become Eligible PSUs. If a change in control occurs when there are any Eligible PSUs (including any PSUs that became Eligible PSUs as a result of the change in control), such Eligible PSUs will continue to vest in accordance with the time-based schedule, subject to potential acceleration pursuant to the Severance Policy terms or, with respect to Ms. Tejada, pursuant to her amended and restated employment agreement terms, applicable to time-based vesting awards. In addition, upon Ms. Tejada’s involuntary termination (as defined in her amended and restated employment agreement) excluding death, the Eligible PSUs then-outstanding will be eligible for the vesting acceleration that applies to time-based vesting awards under her employment agreement. The following table summarizes the estimated payments and benefits that would be provided to our NEOs upon termination or a change in control, assuming the triggering event took place on January 31, 2023, except for Ms. Giamalis, for whom the table reports what she received in connection with her departure from the Company on May 6, 2022. Mr. Justice’s estimated payments and benefits that would have been provided to Mr. Justice in the event of a termination or change in control took place on January 31, 2023 are provided below because he was still employed at the Company as of that date, and departed the Company on February 3, 2023. Amounts actually received if any of the NEOs (except Ms. Giamalis) cease to be employed will vary based on factors such as the timing during the year of any such event, the Company’s stock price, the listed officer’s age, performance under the terms of applicable PSUs, and any changes to our benefit arrangements and policies. PagerDuty 61 2023 Proxy Statement Involuntary Termination of Employment Without Cause Not in Change in Control Period ($)(1)(2) Involuntary Termination of Employment Due to Death Not in Change in Control Period ($)(12) Involuntary Termination of Employment Without Cause or Voluntary Resignation for Good Reason Within Change in Control Period ($)(2) Involuntary Termination of Employment Due to Death Within Change in Control Period ($)(13) Change in Control Where Awards Are Not Assumed and Executive Remains in Service ($)(11) NEO Jennifer Tejada Severance Payment(3) 1,212,000 1,212,000 1,812,000 1,812,000 Value of Benefits(4) 36,038 36,038 54,057 54,057 — — Equity Acceleration(5)(6) 8,851,887 17,703,773 17,703,773 17,703,773 17,703,773 Total 10,099,925 18,951,811 19,569,830 19,569,830 17,703,773 Howard Wilson Severance Payment(7) Value of Benefits(4) Equity Acceleration(5)(8) Total Shelley Webb Severance Payment(9) Value of Benefits(4) Equity Acceleration(5)(8) Total David Justice Severance Payment(10) Value of Benefits(4) Equity Acceleration(5)(8) 227,941 14,097 — — 775,000 28,193 — — — — — 8,375,267 8,375,267 8,375,267 8,375,267 242,038 8,375,267 9,178,460 8,375,267 8,375,267 200,000 9,242 — — 620,000 18,484 — — — — — 4,020,875 4,020,875 4,020,875 4,020,875 209,242 4,020,875 4,659,359 4,020,875 4,020,875 225,000 18,019 — — 900,000 36,038 — — — — — 8,506,166 8,506,166 8,506,166 8,506,166 Total 243,019 8,506,166 9,442,204 8,506,166 8,506,166 Stacey Giamalis(14) Severance Payment Value of Benefits Equity Acceleration Total 169,770 13,488 — 183,258 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (1) (2) (3) Includes, for Ms. Tejada, a resignation for good reason or involuntary termination due to disability. Includes, for Ms. Tejada, an involuntary termination due to disability. The Change in Control Period is defined as the period commencing three months prior to and ending 12 months (or, with respect to Ms. Tejada, 18 months) following a change in control. $1.2 million represents 12 months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023, plus 100% of the NEO's target annual bonus for fiscal year 2023, plus an additional $12,000. $1.8 million represents 18 months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023, plus 100% of the NEO's target annual bonus for fiscal year 2023, plus an additional $12,000 (4) The amounts in this row reflect the estimated value of future premiums under our health and welfare benefit plans. PagerDuty 62 2023 Proxy Statement (5) (6) (7) The amounts in this row reflect the value of accelerated vesting of stock options, RSUs, and PSUs. The value of accelerated vesting of stock options was calculated by multiplying the number of shares subject to accelerated vesting under outstanding stock options by the difference between $29.79, which was the closing market price per share of our common stock on January 31, 2023 (the last trading date before the end of our fiscal year), and the per share exercise price of the applicable accelerated stock option. The value of accelerated vesting of RSUs, and PSUs was calculated by multiplying the number of shares subject to accelerated vesting under RSU and PSU grants by $29.79, which was the closing market price per share of our common stock on January 31, 2023 (the last trading date before the end of our fiscal year). For PSUs, the performance conditions have been deemed satisfied based on actual achievement. $8.9 million represents the accelerated vesting of 50% of the NEO’s unvested stock options, RSUs and PSUs as of January 31, 2023. $17.7 million represents the accelerated vesting of 100% of the NEO’s unvested stock options, RSUs, and PSUs as of January 31, 2023. $227,941 represents six months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023. $775,000 represents 12 months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023, plus 100% of the NEO's target annual bonus for fiscal year 2023. (8) Represents the accelerated vesting of 100% of the NEO’s unvested stock options, RSUs and PSUs as of January 31, 2023. (9) $200,000 represents six months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023. $620,000 represents 12 months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023, plus 100% of the NEO's target annual bonus for fiscal year 2023. (10) $225,000 represents six months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023. $900,000 represents 12 months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023, plus 100% of the NEO's target annual bonus for fiscal year 2023. (11) Represents the accelerated vesting of 100% of the NEO’s unvested stock options, RSUs and PSUs as of January 31, 2023, assuming a change in control transaction occurs and such awards are not assumed, substituted, continued or canceled for a per-share amount payable to holders of common stock, less any applicable per-share exercise price payable upon exercise of such equity award, in connection with the transaction and such NEO’s employment continues. (12) For Ms. Tejada, $1.2 million represents 12 months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023, plus 100% of the NEO's target annual bonus for fiscal year 2023, plus an additional $12,000. $17.7 million represents the accelerated vesting of 100% of the NEO’s unvested stock options, RSUs and PSUs as of January 31, 2023. (13) For Ms. Tejada, $1.8 million represents 18 months of the NEO's annual base salary in effect on January 31, 2023, plus 100% of the NEO's target annual bonus for fiscal year 2023, plus an additional $12,000. Amounts for all NEO’s include the accelerated vesting of 100% of the NEO’s unvested stock options, RSUs and PSUs as of January 31, 2023. (14) Ms. Giamalis did not have any shares that were eligible for acceleration when she departed the Company on May 6, 2022. In recognition of the transition services from April 25, 2022 through May 6, 2022 that Ms. Giamalis agreed to provide following her cessation as our Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Secretary, we agreed to provide her with a lump sum payment equal to six months of her then-current annual base salary ($169,770) pursuant to the Severance Policy’s “without cause” as described above, and 12 months of 100% COBRA premiums through May 31, 2023 ($13,488). Ms. Giamalis forfeited all her outstanding equity awards that were not vested at the time of her termination of employment. Pension Benefits Aside from our 401(k) Plan, we do not maintain any pension plan or arrangement under which our NEOs are entitled to participate or receive post-retirement benefits. Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation We do not maintain any non-qualified deferred compensation plans or arrangements under which our NEOs are entitled to participate. Employee Benefit and Stock Plans 2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN Our Board adopted and our stockholders approved our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, in March 2019. The 2019 Plan became effective in connection with our IPO and was amended in March 2022 (as amended, the “2019 Plan”). The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, or ISOs, nonstatutory stock options, or NSOs, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance-based stock awards, and other stock awards, or collectively, stock awards. ISOs may be granted only to our employees, including our officers, and the employees of our affiliates. All other awards may be granted to our employees, including our officers, our non-employee directors, and consultants, and the employees and consultants of our affiliates. Plan Administration. Our Board, or a duly authorized committee of our Board, administers the 2019 Plan. Our Board may also delegate to one or more of our officers the authority to (1) designate employees (other than officers) to receive specified stock awards, and (2) determine the number of shares subject to such stock awards. Under the 2019 Plan, our Board has the authority to determine and amend the terms of awards, including (but not limited to) the recipients; the exercise, purchase, or PagerDuty 63 2023 Proxy Statement strike price of stock awards, if any; the number of shares subject to each stock award; the fair market value of a share of our common stock; the vesting schedule applicable to the awards, together with any vesting acceleration; and the form of consideration, if any, payable upon exercise or settlement of the award. In addition, our Board also generally has the authority to effect, with the consent of any adversely affected participant, the reduction of the exercise, purchase, or strike price of any outstanding award; the cancellation of any outstanding stock award and the grant in substitution therefor of other awards, cash, or other consideration; or any other action that is treated as a repricing under generally accepted accounting principles. Non-Employee Director Limitation. The maximum number of shares of common stock subject to awards granted under the 2019 Plan or otherwise during any one calendar year to any non-employee director, taken together with any cash fees paid by us to the non-employee director during that year for service on our Board, will not exceed $750,000 in total value (calculating the value of the awards based on the grant date fair value for financial reporting purposes), or, with respect to the calendar year in which a non-employee director is first appointed or elected to our Board, $1,000,000. Stock Options. ISOs and NSOs are granted pursuant to stock option agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for stock options, within the terms and conditions of the 2019 Plan, provided that the exercise price of a stock option generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2019 Plan vest at the rate specified in the stock option agreement as determined by the plan administrator. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs under the 2019 Plan is equal to three times the aggregate number of shares initially reserved under the 2019 Plan. Restricted Stock Unit Awards. Restricted stock unit awards are granted pursuant to restricted stock unit award agreements adopted by the plan administrator. Restricted stock unit awards may be granted in consideration for any form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to our Board and permissible under applicable law. A restricted stock unit award may be settled by cash, delivery of stock, a combination of cash and stock as deemed appropriate by the plan administrator, or in any other form of consideration set forth in the restricted stock unit award agreement. Additionally, dividend equivalents may be credited in respect of shares covered by a restricted stock unit award. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, restricted stock units that have not vested will be forfeited once the participant’s continuous service ends for any reason. Performance Stock Unit Awards. A performance stock award is a stock award that is payable (including that may be granted, may vest or may be exercised) contingent upon the attainment during a performance period of certain performance goals. The length of any performance period, the performance goals to be achieved during the performance period, and the measure of whether and to what degree such performance goals have been attained will be conclusively determined by the Board or the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion. A performance stock award may be settled by cash, delivery of stock, a combination of cash and stock as deemed appropriate by the plan administrator, or in any other form of consideration set forth in the performance stock award agreement. Corporate Transactions. The 2019 Plan provides that in the event of certain specified significant corporate transactions including: (1) a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, (2) the sale or disposition of more than 50% of our outstanding securities, (3) the consummation of a merger or consolidation where we do not survive the transaction, and (4) the consummation of a merger or consolidation where we do survive the transaction but the shares of our common stock outstanding prior to such transaction are converted or exchanged into other property by virtue of the transaction )”each, a “Corporate Transaction”), each outstanding award will be treated as the plan administrator determines unless otherwise provided in an instrument evidencing the stock award or other written agreement between us and the award holder. The following will apply to stock awards in such event: • • stock awards may be assumed by a surviving corporation or acquiring corporation; if the surviving corporation or acquiring corporation (or its parent company) does not (a) assume or continue such outstanding stock awards, (b) substitute similar awards for such outstanding stock awards, or (c) cancel such outstanding stock awards for a per-share payment, in such form as may be determined by the Board, equal in value, at the effective time of the Corporate Transaction, to the value of property payable to the holders of Common Stock in connection with such Corporate Transaction and reduced, if applicable, for the per-share exercise price payable for such stock award, the vesting of such stock awards will be accelerated in full to a date prior to the effective time of such Corporate Transaction (contingent upon the effectiveness of the Corporate Transaction) as the Board determines; PagerDuty 64 2023 Proxy Statement • • if surviving corporation or acquiring corporation (or its parent company) does not assume or continue such outstanding stock awards or substitute similar awards for such outstanding stock awards, then with respect to stock awards that have not been assumed, continued or substituted and that are held by persons other than Current Participants (as defined in the 2019 Plan), such stock awards will terminate if not exercised (if applicable) prior to the occurrence of the Corporate Transaction, subject to certain conditions set forth in the 2019 Plan; in the event a stock award will terminate if not exercised prior to the effective time of a Corporate Transaction, the Board may provide, in its sole discretion, that the holder of such stock award may not exercise such stock award but will receive a payment, in such form as may be determined by the Board, equal in value, at the effective time, to the excess, if any, of (1) the value of the property the Participant would have received upon the exercise of the stock award (including, at the discretion of the Board, any unvested portion of such stock award), over (2) any exercise price payable by such holder in connection with such exercise. The plan administrator is not obligated to treat all stock awards or portions of stock awards, even those that are of the same type, in the same manner in the event of a corporate transaction. In the event of a change in control, awards granted under the 2019 Plan will not receive automatic acceleration of vesting and/or exercisability, although this treatment may be provided for in an award agreement or in any other written agreement between us and the participant. Under the 2019 Plan, a change in control generally will be deemed to occur in the event: (1) the acquisition by any a person or company of more than 50% of the combined voting power of our then outstanding stock; (2) a merger, consolidation, or similar transaction in which our stockholders immediately before the transaction do not own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined outstanding voting power of the surviving entity or the parent of the surviving entity; (3) a sale, lease, exclusive license, or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets other than to an entity more than 50% of the combined voting power of which is owned by our stockholders; or (4) an unapproved change in the majority of our Board. 2019 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN Our Board adopted and our stockholders approved our 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), in March 2019. The ESPP became effective in connection with our IPO. The purpose of the ESPP is to secure the services of new employees, to retain the services of existing employees, and to provide incentives for such individuals to exert maximum efforts toward our success and that of our affiliates. The ESPP is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” within the meaning of Section 423 of the Code for U.S. employees. In addition, the ESPP authorizes grants of purchase rights that do not comply with Section 423 of the Code under a separate non-423 component. In particular, where such purchase rights are granted to employees who are employed or located outside the United States, our Board may adopt rules that are beyond the scope of Section 423 of the Code. Administration. Our Board has delegated its authority to administer the ESPP to our Compensation Committee. The ESPP is implemented through a series of offerings under which eligible employees are granted purchase rights to purchase shares of our common stock on specified dates during such offerings. Under the ESPP, we may specify offerings with durations of not more than 27 months and may specify shorter purchase periods within each offering. Each offering will have one or more purchase dates on which shares of our common stock will be purchased for employees participating in the offering. An offering under the ESPP may be terminated under certain circumstances. Payroll Deductions. Generally, all regular employees, including executive officers, employed by us or by any of our designated affiliates, may participate in the ESPP and may contribute, normally through payroll deductions, up to 15% of their earnings (as defined in the ESPP) for the purchase of our common stock under the ESPP. Unless otherwise determined by our Board, common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the ESPP at a price per share that is at least the lesser of (1) 85% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the first date of an offering, or (2) 85% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of purchase. Corporate Transactions. The ESPP provides that in the event of certain specified significant corporate transactions including: (1) a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, (2) the sale or disposition of more than 50% of our outstanding securities, (3) the consummation of a merger or consolidation where we do not survive the transaction, and (4) the consummation of a merger or consolidation where we do survive the transaction but the shares of our common stock outstanding prior to such transaction are converted or exchanged into other property by virtue of the transaction, a successor corporation may PagerDuty 65 2023 Proxy Statement assume, continue or substitute each outstanding purchase right. If the successor corporation does not assume, continue, or substitute for the outstanding purchase rights, the offering in progress will be shortened and a new exercise date will be set. The participants’ purchase rights will be exercised on the new exercise date and such purchase rights will terminate immediately thereafter. 2010 STOCK PLAN Our Board adopted and our stockholders approved our 2010 Stock Plan, or the 2010 Plan, in September 2010. The 2010 Plan has been periodically amended, most recently in July 2018. The 2010 Plan provides for the grant of ISOs to our employees, any parent or certain of our subsidiary companies, and for the grant of NSOs and restricted shares to such employees, our directors, and to consultants engaged by us or any of our subsidiary companies. The 2010 Plan was terminated in connection with our IPO, and all outstanding awards granted under the 2010 Plan remain subject to the terms of the 2010 Plan. Plan Administration. Our Board (referred to as the plan administrator for purposes of the 2010 Plan) administers and interprets the provisions of the 2010 Plan. Under the 2010 Plan, the plan administrator has the authority to, among other things, accelerate the vesting of awards and institute and determine the terms of an option exchange program under which outstanding stock options are exchanged for stock options with a lower exercise price or restricted stock or are amended to decrease the exercise price as a result of a decline in the fair market value of our common stock. Stock Options and Restricted Shares. Stock options and restricted shares granted under the 2010 Plan generally have terms similar to those described above with respect to stock options and restricted shares granted under the 2019 Plan. Corporate Transactions. In the event of a sale of all or substantially all of our assets or a merger, consolidation, or other capital reorganization or business combination of us with or into another corporation, entity, or person, each outstanding option shall either be assumed or an equivalent option or right shall be substituted or terminated in exchange for a payment of cash or other property with respect to vested options, and such payment will be equal to the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the portion of the optioned stock. In the event the option is not assumed, substituted, or exchanged, then each such stock option shall terminate upon the consummation of the foregoing corporate transaction. 401(K PLAN We maintain a tax-qualified defined contribution retirement plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code that provides eligible U.S. employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax advantaged basis. Eligible employees may defer eligible compensation on a pre-tax and/or post-tax basis, up to the statutory annual limits on contributions under the Code. Employee contributions are allocated to each participant’s individual account and are then invested in selected investment alternatives according to the participant’s directions. Participants are immediately and fully vested in their contributions. The 401(k) plan is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code with the 401(k) plan’s related trust intended to be tax exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code. As a tax-qualified retirement plan, contributions to the 401(k) plan and earnings on those contributions are not taxable to the employees until distributed from the 401(k) plan. Our 401(k) plan provides for discretionary matching of employee contributions. For Fiscal 2023, the employer matching contribution was up to two percent (2%) of each participant’s employee contributions of up to two percent (2%) of eligible wages during the period as defined in the 401(k) Plan. PagerDuty 66 2023 Proxy Statement Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information as of January 31, 2023 with respect to the shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans. (a) Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (#) (b) Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights ($)(1) (c) Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) (#) Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders(2) 6,150,981 Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders — 9.23 — 26,154,301 — Total 6,150,981 26,154,301 (1) (2) The weighted-average exercise price is calculated based solely on outstanding stock options. It does not reflect the shares that will be issued in connection with the settlement of restricted stock units, since restricted stock units have no exercise price. Includes our 2010 Plan, 2019 Plan and our ESPP. The shares of common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, canceled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by us prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of stock, expire or are otherwise terminated, other than by exercise, under the 2010 Plan and the 2019 Plan will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. We no longer make grants under the 2010 Plan. Our 2019 Plan provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the plan will automatically increase each February 1, beginning on February 1, 2020, by 5% of the outstanding number of shares of our common stock on the immediately preceding January 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by our compensation committee. The ESPP provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance will automatically increase each February 1, beginning on February 1, 2020, by the lesser of 1,850,000 shares of our common stock, 1% of the outstanding number of shares of our common stock on the immediately preceding January 31, or such lesser number of shares as determined by our compensation committee. On February 1, 2023, the number of shares available for issuance under our 2019 Plan and our ESPP increased by 4,558,933 shares and 911,786 shares, respectively, pursuant to these provisions. These increases are not reflected in the table above. PagerDuty 67 2023 Proxy Statement Additional Compensation Matters CEO Pay Ratio As required by Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K, we are disclosing the following information about the relationship of the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees (other than our CEO), and the annual total compensation of our CEO, Ms. Tejada, for fiscal 2023. CEO PAY RATIO FOR FISCAL 2023 • • • The median of the annual total compensation of all our employees, excluding our CEO, was $271,876; The annual total compensation of our CEO, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023 included in this Proxy Statement, was $22,717,297; and The ratio of the annual total compensation of our CEO to the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees was 84 to 1. This ratio is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with SEC rules. METHODOLOGY Since there has been no change in our employee population or employee compensation arrangements in the past fiscal year that we reasonably believe would result in a significant change to our pay ratio disclosure, we have elected to use the same median employee that was identified for fiscal 2022 to calculate our fiscal 2023 CEO pay ratio, as allowed by Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K. The methodology and the material assumptions, adjustments and estimates used to identify the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees for fiscal 2022 were based on the following: Our median employee was identified from all full-time, part-time, seasonal, and temporary employees as of January 31, 2022, the last day of our fiscal year (other than our CEO). As of January 31, 2022, we and our consolidated subsidiaries employed approximately 966 individuals. We did not include any contractors or other non-employee workers in our employee population. To identify our median employee from our employee population, we calculated the aggregate amount of each employee’s (i) base salary or gross wages paid, (ii) bonuses and cash incentives paid, and (iii) the grant date fair value, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718, of equity awards granted, in each case during the period from February 1, 2021 through January 31, 2022, which compensation measure was consistently applied. Amounts under items (i) and (ii) above were annualized for any permanent employees who commenced work during fiscal 2022. We annualized the base salary or wages of all permanent (full-time and part-time) employees who were employed by us for less than the entire calendar year. We selected the foregoing compensation elements because they represented our principal broad-based compensation elements. Compensation not paid in U.S. dollars was converted to U.S. dollars using the foreign exchange rates in effect as of January 31, 2022. CALCULATION Having previously identified our median employee using the aforementioned methodology, we then calculated the annual total compensation of this employee for fiscal 2023 in accordance with the requirements of the Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023. We determined our CEO’s annual total compensation for fiscal 2023 as reported in our Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023. The SEC rules allow companies to adopt a variety of methodologies, apply certain exclusions, and make reasonable estimates and assumptions that reflect their employee population and compensation practices, therefore the pay ratio reported by other companies may not be comparable to our pay ratio. As explained by the SEC when it adopted these rules, the rule was not designed to facilitate comparisons of pay ratios among different companies, even companies within the same industry, but rather to allow stockholders to better understand and assess each particular company’s compensation practices and pay ratio disclosures. PagerDuty 68 2023 Proxy Statement Pay Versus Performance As required by Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information about the relationship between the executive compensation actually paid to our Named Executive Officers for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, January 31, 2022, and January 31, 2021 and certain aspects of our financial performance. The disclosure in this section is prescribed by Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K and does not necessarily align with how the Company or the Compensation Committee view the link between NEO compensation and the Company’s performance. For further information concerning our “pay for performance” philosophy and how we align executive compensation with our performance, please refer to “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.” Required Tabular Disclosure of Pay Versus Performance Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based on: Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO ($)(1) Compensation Actually Paid to PEO ($)(2) Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO Named Executive Officers ($)(3) Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO Named Executive Officers ($)(4) Total Stockholder Return ($)(5) Peer Group Total Stockholder Return ($)(6) Net Loss Attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. (in thousands) ($)(7) Company- Selected Measure – Non-GAAP Operating Margin (%)(8) 22,717,297 5,284,214 5,818,780 2,306,198 127.74 116.71 (128,423) 1% 13,268,568 (1,510,440) 5,274,403 1,884,137 141.60 142.87 (107,455) (8)% 6,686,894 39,741,417 2,389,866 9,459,672 208.96 147.32 (68,903) (8)% Year Fiscal 2023 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 (1) Represents the amount of total compensation reported for Ms. Tejada (our “PEO”) for each covered fiscal year in the “Total” column of the Summary Compensation Table for such fiscal year. Please refer to “Executive Compensation Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023.” (2) Represents the amount of executive “compensation actually paid” to our PEO, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K for each covered fiscal year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the following adjustments were made to our PEO’s total compensation for each covered fiscal year to determine the compensation actually paid: Reported Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO ($) Deduct: Reported Value of Equity Awards ($)(a) Add: Equity Award Adjustments ($)(b) Compensation Actually Paid to PEO ($) 22,717,297 21,286,825 3,853,682 5,284,214 13,268,568 11,867,582 (2,911,426) (1,510,440) 6,686,894 5,646,686 38,701,209 39,741,417 Year Fiscal 2023 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 (a) (b) These deductions are the amounts listed in the “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” columns in the Summary Compensation Table and represent the grant date fair value of the equity awards for each covered fiscal year. The equity award adjustments for each covered fiscal year include the addition (or subtraction, as applicable) of the following: (i) addition of the year-end fair value of any equity awards granted in the covered fiscal year that are outstanding and unvested as of the end of the covered fiscal year; (ii) addition of the amount equal to the change as of the end of the covered fiscal year (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value (whether positive or negative) of any equity awards granted in any prior fiscal year that are outstanding and unvested as of the end of the covered fiscal year; (iii) addition, for equity awards that are granted and vest in the same covered fiscal year, of the fair value as of the vesting date; (iv) addition, for equity awards granted in any prior fiscal year for which all applicable vesting conditions were satisfied at the end of or during the covered fiscal year, of the amount equal to the PagerDuty 69 2023 Proxy Statement change as of the vesting date (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value (whether positive or negative); (v) subtraction, for equity awards granted in any prior fiscal year that are determined to fail to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the covered fiscal year, of the amount equal to the fair value at the end of the prior fiscal year; and (vi) addition of the dollar value of any dividends or other earnings paid on stock or option awards in the covered fiscal year prior to the vesting date that are not otherwise included in the total compensation for the covered fiscal year. The valuation assumptions used to calculate the fair values of the stock options held by our PEO that vested during or were outstanding as of the end of each covered fiscal year materially differed from those valuation assumptions disclosed at the time of grant in the following respects: the expected term assumptions varied from 1.48 years to 5.65 years, the stock price volatility assumptions varied from 41.95% to 55.32%, and the risk-free interest rate assumptions varied from 0.09% to 4.35% , depending on the specific stock option the fair value of which was being recalculated. The valuation assumptions used to calculate the fair values of the time-based restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards and performance-based restricted stock unit (“PSU”) award held by our PEO that vested during or were outstanding as of the end of each covered fiscal year (including the probable outcome of any such awards subject to performance conditions) did not materially differ from those valuation assumptions disclosed at the time of grant. The amounts deducted or added in calculating the equity award adjustments in accordance with the SEC methodology for determining compensation actually paid are as follows: Add: Year over Year Change in Fair Value of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years ($) Add: Year over Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years that Vested in Covered Year ($) Add: Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in Same Year ($) Year End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year ($)(a) Deduct: Fair Value at End of Prior Year of Equity Awards that Failed to Meet Vesting Conditions in Covered Year ($) Add: Value of Dividends or other Earnings Paid on Stock or Option Awards not Otherwise Reflected in Fair Value or Total Compensation(a) ($) Total Equity Award Adjustments ($) 7,528,201 (1,829,091) 1,459,118 (3,304,546) 8,494,281 (7,822,641) 1,790,485 (5,373,551) 14,069,861 21,433,599 2,206,341 991,407 — — — — 3,853,682 — (2,911,426) — 38,701,208 Year Fiscal 2023 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 (a) Year-end fair value does not include performance stock unit (“PSU”) awards that were granted in April 2022 or July 2022. Because such awards did not achieve threshold performance level as of the end of fiscal 2023 (which was the end of the applicable performance period), the fair value of such awards was $0 as of the end of fiscal 2023. (3) Represents the average of the amounts of total compensation reported for our named executive officers (our “NEOs”) as a group (excluding Ms. Tejada, who has served as our PEO since 2012) for each covered fiscal year in the “Total” column of the Summary Compensation Table for such fiscal year. Please refer to “Executive Compensation – Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2023.” The names of each NEO (excluding our PEO) included for purposes of calculating the average of the amounts of total compensation in each covered fiscal year are as follows: (i) for fiscal 2023, Howard Wilson, our Chief Financial Officer, David Justice, our Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer, Shelley Webb, our Senior Vice President, Legal and General Counsel; and Stacey Giamalis, our former Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary; (iii) for fiscal 2022, Howard Wilson, our Chief Financial Officer, David Justice, our Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer, and Stacey Giamalis, our Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary; and (iii) for fiscal 2021, Howard Wilson, our Chief Financial Officer, David Justice, our Executive Vice President, Chief Revenue Officer, and Stacey Giamalis, our Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel, and Secretary. PagerDuty 70 2023 Proxy Statement (4) Represents the average of the amount of executive “compensation actually paid” to our NEOs as a group (excluding our PEO), as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K for each covered fiscal year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the following adjustments were made to the average of the total compensation of such NEOs with respect to each covered fiscal year to determine the compensation actually paid, using the same methodology described above in Note 2(b): Average Reported Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO Named Executive Officers ($) Year Deduct: Average Reported Value of Equity Awards ($)(a) Add: Average Equity Award Adjustments ($)(b) Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO Named Executive Officers ($) Fiscal 2023 5,818,780 5,126,160 1,613,578 2,306,198 Fiscal 2022 5,274,403 4,454,273 1,064,007 1,884,137 Fiscal 2021 2,389,866 1,731,650 8,801,456 9,459,672 (a) (b) These deductions are the amounts listed in the “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” columns in the Summary Compensation Table and represent the grant date fair value of the equity awards for each covered fiscal year. The valuation assumptions used to calculate the fair values of the stock options held by our NEOs as a group (excluding our PEO) that vested during or were outstanding as of the end of each covered fiscal year materially differed from those valuation assumptions disclosed at the time of grant in the following respects: the expected term assumptions varied from 0.32 years to 6.07 years, the stock price volatility assumptions varied from 40.82% to 61.11%, and the risk-free interest rate assumptions varied from 0.09% to 4.35%, depending on the specific stock option the fair value of which was being recalculated. The valuation assumptions used to calculate the fair values of the RSU awards held by our NEOs as a group (excluding our PEO) that vested during or were outstanding as of the end of each covered fiscal year did not materially differ from those valuation assumptions disclosed at the time of grant. The amounts deducted or added in calculating the average equity award adjustments in accordance with the SEC methodology for determining compensation actually paid are as follows: Add: Year over Year Average Change in Fair Value of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years ($) Add: Average Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in Same Year ($) Add: Year over Year Average Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years that Vested in Covered Year ($) Deduct: Average Fair Value at the End of the Prior Year of Equity Awards that Failed to Meet Vesting Conditions in Covered Year ($) Add: Average Value of Dividends or other Earnings Paid on Stock or Option Awards not Otherwise Reflected in Fair Value ($) Average Year End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year ($)(a) Average Equity Award Adjustments ($) 2,565,895 (266,887) 558,589 (406,221) (837,798) — 1,613,578 3,268,291 (1,640,522) 447,608 (1,011,370) 4,503,513 3,346,650 548,342 402,951 — — — 1,064,007 — 8,801,456 Year Fiscal 2023 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 (a) Year-end fair value does not include performance stock unit (“PSU”) awards that were granted in April 2022 and July 2022 which did not achieve threshold performance level as of the end of fiscal 2023. (5) Total stockholder return (“TSR”) is determined based on an initial fixed investment of $100 on January 31, 2020. Cumulative TSR is calculated by dividing the sum of the cumulative amount of dividends for the measurement period, assuming dividend reinvestment, and the difference between our share price at the end and the beginning of the measurement period by our share price at the beginning of the measurement period. (6) Represents the weighted peer group TSR, weighted according to the respective companies’ stock market capitalization at the beginning of each period for which a return is indicated. The peer group used for this purpose is the following published industry index: the S&P Software & Services Select Industry Index. (7) The dollar amounts reported represent the amount of net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. reflected in our audited financial statements for each covered fiscal year. PagerDuty 71 2023 Proxy Statement (8) “Operating Margin” is defined as our non-GAAP operating margin as defined in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for fiscal 2023. We define “non-GAAP operating margin” as GAAP operating margin excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, and restructuring costs. We believe that these expenses are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a period. In particular, we believe the consideration of measures that exclude such expenses can assist in the comparison of operational performance in different periods which may or may not include such expenses. While we use numerous financial and non-financial performance measures for the purpose of evaluating performance for our executive compensation program, we have determined that operating margin is the financial performance measure that, in our assessment, represents the most important performance measure (that is not otherwise required to be disclosed in the table) used by us to link compensation actually paid to our PEO and other NEOs, for the most recently completed fiscal year, to our performance.To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures. For a full reconciliation of the U.S. GAAP to non-GAAP measures, please see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2023. Financial Performance Measures As described in greater detail in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” our executive compensation program is designed to reflect our variable “pay-for-performance” philosophy. The performance measures that we use for both our short-term and long-term incentive award programs are selected based on an objective of incentivizing our PEO and our other NEOs to increase the value of our enterprise for our stockholders, and are among the most important financial performance measures used by us to link executive compensation actually paid to our PEO and our other NEOs, to our performance for the most recently completed fiscal year. Overall, the most important financial performance measures for the most recently completed fiscal year are as follows: n n n n Non-GAAP operating margin Revenue Net new annual recurring revenue Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. REQUIRED DISCLOSURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPENSATION ACTUALLY PAID AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES As described in more detail in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” our executive compensation program reflects a variable “pay-for-performance” philosophy. While over the years we have used several different performance measures to align executive compensation with our performance, not all of these performance measures are presented in the Pay-Versus- Performance Table. Moreover, while we generally seek to prioritize long-term performance as our primary incentive for our PEO and our other NEOs, we do not specifically align our performance measures with compensation that is actually paid (as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K) for a particular year. In accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following descriptions of the relationships between the information presented in the Pay- Versus-Performance Table. PagerDuty 72 2023 Proxy Statement COMPENSATION ACTUALLY PAID AND COMPANY TSR AND COMPANY TSR AND PEER GROUP TSR The graph below compares our TSR and CEO and other NEO compensation actually paid for the three fiscal years beginning with fiscal 2021. As illustrated in the following graph, the amount of the compensation actually paid to our PEO and the average amount of compensation actually paid to our other NEOs as a group (excluding our PEO) is generally directionally aligned with our TSR for the period presented in the Pay-Versus-Performance Table. COMPENSATION ACTUALLY PAID AND NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO PAGERDUTY, INC The graph below compares our net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. and CEO and other NEO compensation actually paid for the three fiscal years beginning with fiscal 2021. We do not use net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. as a financial performance measure in our overall executive compensation program, so there is, at best, only an indirect correlation between our profitability and the various financial performance measures which we use when setting goals in our short-term incentive compensation program. PagerDuty 73 2023 Proxy Statement COMPENSATION ACTUALLY PAID AND NON-GAAP OPERATING MARGIN The graph below compares our Non-GAAP Operating Margin and CEO and other NEO compensation actually paid for the three fiscal years beginning with fiscal 2021. As illustrated by the graph, the amount of compensation actually paid to our PEO and the average amount of compensation actually paid to our other NEOs as a group (excluding our PEO) is generally directionally aligned with the changes in our Non-GAAP Operating Margin over the period presented in the Pay-Versus- Performance Table. PagerDuty 74 2023 Proxy Statement Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 (or as of the date otherwise indicated below) by: (i) each director and nominee for director; (ii) each of the executive officers named in “Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2022; (iii) all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group; and (iv) all those known by the Company to be beneficial owners of more than five percent of its common stock. We have based percentage ownership of our common stock on 87,359,232 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2023. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed below is c/o PagerDuty, Inc., 600 Townsend St., Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94103. Name of Beneficial Owner 5% Stockholders ARK Investment Management LLC(1) BlackRock, Inc.(2) The Vanguard Group, Inc.(3) Nikko Asset Management Americas, Inc.(4) Named Executive Officers and Directors Jennifer Tejada(5) Howard Wilson(6) Shelley Webb(7) David Justice Stacey Giamalis Alex Solomon(8) Sameer Dholakia Alec Gallimore William Losch Elena Gomez(9) Rathi Murthy(10) Zachary Nelson Bonita Stewart Common Stock Number (#) Percentage (%) 10,097,244 11.6 8,376,760 8,057,944 5,361,415 2,865,147 647,380 11,624 100,103 101,439 2,737,101 22,784 13,157 — 168,689 156,430 306,008 6,830 9.6 9.2 6.1 3.3 0.7 * * * 3.1 * * — * * * * All directors and executive officers as a group(11) (11 persons) 6,935,150 7.9 * Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%. (1) Based upon the information provided by ARK Investment Management LLC (“ARK”) in a Schedule 13G/A filed on February 10, 2023. According to the filing, ARK has sole voting power with respect to 9,242,698 shares of common stock, shared voting power over PagerDuty 75 2023 Proxy Statement 555,997 shares of common stock, sole dispositive power over 10,097,244 shares of common stock, and no shared dispositive power. The principal business address of ARK is 200 Central Avenue, St. Petersburg, FL 33701. (2) Based upon the information provided by BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) in a Schedule 13G/A filed on February 24, 2023. According to the filing, BlackRock has sole voting power with respect to 7,989,341 shares of common stock, sole dispositive power over 8,376,760 shares of common stock and no shared voting or dispositive power. The principal business address of BlackRock, Inc. 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. (3) Based upon the information provided by The Vanguard Group, Inc. (“Vanguard”) in a Schedule 13G/A filed on February 9, 2023. According to the filing, Vanguard has shared voting power over 145,238 shares of common stock, no sole voting power, sole dispositive power over 7,831,414 shares of common stock, and shared dispositive power with respect to 226,530 shares of common stock. The principal business address of Vanguard is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, PA 19355. (4) Based upon the information provided by Nikko Asset Management Americas, Inc. (“Nikko Americas”) in a Schedule 13G/A filed on February 10, 2023. According to the filing, Nikko Americas has shared voting power with respect to 3,467,925 shares of common stock and shared dispositive power over 5,361,415 shares of common stock, and no sole voting or dispositive power. The principal business address of Nikko Americas is 605 Third Avenue, 38th Floor, New York, NY 10158. According to a Schedule 13G filing filed on February 3, 2023, Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings, Inc. (“SMTH”) and Nikko Asset Management Co., Ltd. (“Nikko”) each have shared voting and dispositive power over the shares beneficially owned by Nikko Americas. The Schedule 13G/A contained information as of December 31, 2022 and may not reflect current holdings of our common stock. The principal business address of SMTH is 1-4-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8233, Japan, and the principal business address of Nikko is Midtown Tower, 9-7-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6242, Japan. (5) Consists of (i) 72,072 shares each held indirectly by Jennifer Tejada, as Trustee of the Tejada 2022 Grantor Retained Annuity Trust - I and Jennifer Gail Tejada, as Trustee of the Tejada 2022 Grantor Retained Annuity Trust - II, (ii) 144,500 shares held indirectly by Jennifer Tejada, as Trustee of the Langford Isand Trust (iii) 2,514,047 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2023, and (iv) 56,663 shares issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2023. (6) Consists of(i) 420,956 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2023, and (ii) 25,720 shares issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2023. (7) Consists of 9,641 shares issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2023. (8) Consists of 1,322 shares issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2023. (9) Consists of 161,140 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2023, all of which are fully vested as of such date. (10) Consists of 148,881 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2023, all of which are fully vested as of such date. (11) Consists of (i) 6,935,150 shares owned by our current executive officers and directors, (ii) 3,245,024 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2023 and (iii) 93,346 shares issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2023. Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent stockholders are required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. To our knowledge, based solely on our review of the copies of such forms furnished to us and written representations from these officers and directors, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements were met during the year ended January 31, 2023, except for one late Form 4 filing by each of Mr. Wilson and Ms. Gomez due to clerical errors with the broker of the transactions. PagerDuty 76 2023 Proxy Statement Transactions With Related Persons and Indemnification Related Person Transactions Policy and Procedures We maintain a written related-person transaction policy (the “Related-Person Transaction Policy”) that sets forth our procedures for the identification, review, consideration and approval or ratification of related person transactions. For purposes of our policy only, a related person transaction is a transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships, in which we and any related person are, were or will be participants and in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000. Transactions involving compensation for services provided to us as an employee or director are not considered related party transactions under this policy. A transaction, arrangement or relationship in which a related person’s participation is solely due to such related person’s position as a director of an entity that is participating in such transaction, arrangement or relationship would not be considered a related party transaction under this policy. A related person is any executive officer, director or beneficial owner of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, including any of their immediate family members and any entity owned or controlled by such persons. Under the Related-Person Transaction Policy, if a transaction has been identified as a related person transaction, including any transaction that was not a related person transaction when originally consummated or any transaction that was not initially identified as a related person transaction prior to consummation, our management must present information regarding the related person transaction to the Audit Committee, or, if Audit Committee approval would be inappropriate, to another independent body of the Board, for review, consideration and approval or ratification. The presentation must include a description of, among other things: all of the parties to the transaction; the material facts of the proposed transaction; the interests, direct and indirect, of the related persons; the purpose of the transaction; the benefits to us of the transaction; whether the transaction is on terms that are comparable to the terms available to or from, as the case may be, an unrelated third party or to or from employees generally; and management’s recommendation with respect to the proposed transaction. Under the Related-Person Transaction Policy, we will collect information that we deem reasonably necessary from each director, executive officer and, to the extent feasible, significant stockholder to enable us to identify any existing or potential related person transactions and to effectuate the terms of the Related-Person Transaction Policy. In addition, under our Code of Conduct, our employees and directors have an affirmative responsibility to disclose any transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest. In considering related-person transactions, the Audit Committee, or other independent body of the Board, will take into account the relevant available facts and circumstances including, but not limited to: • • • • • the risks, costs and benefits to the Company; the impact on a director’s independence in the event the related person is a director, immediate family member of a director or an entity with which a director is affiliated; the terms of the transaction; the availability of other sources for comparable services or products; and the terms available to or from, as the case may be, unrelated third parties or to or from employees generally. The Related-Person Transaction Policy requires that, in determining whether to approve, ratify or reject a related-person transaction, the Audit Committee, or other independent body of the Board, must consider, in light of known circumstances, whether the transaction is in, or is not inconsistent with, our best interests and those of our stockholders, as the Audit Committee, or other independent body of the Board, determines in the good faith exercise of its discretion. PagerDuty 77 2023 Proxy Statement Certain Related-Person Transactions The following is a summary of transactions since February 1, 2022, to which we have been a participant in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000, and in which any of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than five percent of our capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements which are described in the sections titled “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation—Non-Employee Director Compensation.” TRANSACTIONS WITH EXPEDIA GROUP We entered into a master service agreement with Expedia Group in June 2016. Pursuant to the agreement, we recognized revenue from Expedia Group of approximately $1,334,000 in fiscal year 2023. Rathi Murthy, a member of our Board since March 2019, has served as the President and Chief Technology Officer of Expedia Group since June 2021. EQUITY GRANTS TO DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS We have granted options and RSUs and PSUs to certain of our directors and executive officers. For more information regarding the stock awards granted to our directors and NEOs see “Executive Compensation” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.” EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS We have entered into offer letter agreements or employment agreements with certain of our executive officers. For more information regarding these agreements with our NEOs, see “Executive Compensation—Employment, Severance and Change in Control Agreements.” INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENTS Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions that limit the liability of our current and former directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for: • • • • any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders; any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit This limitation of liability does not apply to liabilities arising under federal securities laws and does not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we are authorized to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we are required to indemnify our directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Our amended and restated bylaws also provide that, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, we are required to advance expenses incurred by a director or executive officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding, and permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in that capacity regardless of whether we would otherwise be permitted to indemnify him or her under the provisions of Delaware law. Our amended and restated bylaws also provide our Board with discretion to indemnify our other officers and employees when determined appropriate by our Board. We have entered and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify our directors, executive officers and other employees as determined by the Board. With certain exceptions, these agreements provide for indemnification for related expenses (including, among other things, attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these individuals in any action or proceeding. We believe that these provisions and agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers. We also maintain customary directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and officers, even though an action, if PagerDuty 78 2023 Proxy Statement successful, might benefit us and other stockholders. Further, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent that we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers as required by these indemnification provisions. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification. Householding of Proxy Materials The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries (e.g., brokers) to satisfy the delivery requirements for Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or other Annual Meeting materials with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a single Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or other Annual Meeting materials addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially means extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies. This year, a number of brokers with account holders who are PagerDuty stockholders will be “householding” the Company’s proxy materials. A single Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials will be delivered to multiple stockholders sharing an address unless contrary instructions have been received from the affected stockholders. Once you have received notice from your broker that they will be “householding” communications to your address, “householding” will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke your consent. If, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in “householding” and would prefer to receive a separate Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, please notify your broker or PagerDuty. Direct your written request to PagerDuty, Inc., Investor Relations, 600 Townsend St., Suite 200, San Francisco, California 94103. Stockholders who currently receive multiple copies of the Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials at their addresses and would like to request “householding” of their communications should contact their brokers. PagerDuty 79 2023 Proxy Statement Other Matters The Board knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote on such matters in accordance with their best judgment. By Order of the Board of Directors Jennifer Tejada Chief Executive Officer May 2, 2023 We have filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 with the SEC. It is available free of charge at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. Our Annual Report and this Proxy Statement are posted on our website at https://investor.pagerduty.com and are available from the SEC at its website at www.sec.gov. A copy of the Company’s Annual Report to the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 is available without charge upon written request to: Secretary, PagerDuty, Inc., 600 Townsend St., Suite 200, San Francisco, California 94103. PagerDuty 80 2023 Proxy Statement UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 _________________________ FORM 10-K _________________________ (Mark One) ☒ ☐ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 or For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-38856 PAGERDUTY, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) _________________________ Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 27-2793871 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 600 Townsend St., Suite 200 San Francisco, CA 94103 (844) 800-3889 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices) _________________________ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $0.000005 par value Trading symbol(s) PD Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by a check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☒ ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the price at which the common stock was last sold on July 30, 2022, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately $2.2 billion. Shares of the registrant’s common stock held by each executive officer, director and holder of 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded as such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This calculation does not reflect a determination that certain persons are affiliates of the registrant for any other purpose. As of March 14, 2023, there were approximately 91,360,320 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Information required in response to Part III of Form 10-K (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) is hereby incorporated by reference to portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2023. The Proxy Statement will be filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the Registrant’s fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. PAGERDUTY, INC. FORM 10-K For the Year Ended January 31, 2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I Item 1. Business ..................................................................................................................................................................... Item IA. Risk Factors ............................................................................................................................................................... Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments ...................................................................................................................................... Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Item 5. Item 6. Properties ................................................................................................................................................................... Legal Proceedings ...................................................................................................................................................... Mine Safety Disclosures ............................................................................................................................................ Part II Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities [Reserved] .................................................................................................................................................................. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations .................................... Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk .................................................................................... Item 8. Item 9. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data .......................................................................................................... Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure .................................... Item 9A. Controls and Procedures ............................................................................................................................................ Item 9B. Item 9C. Other Information ...................................................................................................................................................... Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections ....................................................................... Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ........................................................................................ Item 11. Executive Compensation ........................................................................................................................................... Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters .................. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence ........................................................... Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services ................................................................................................................... Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules ............................................................................................................. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary ................................................................................................................................................. Signatures ................................................................................................................................................................... Part IV 6 14 48 48 48 49 50 51 51 70 70 109 109 110 110 111 111 111 111 111 112 114 115 SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”), contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which statements involve substantial risk and uncertainties. All statements contained in this report other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth and trends, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “potentially,” “likely,” “target” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statement contained in this Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements about our expectations regarding: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • the impact of an economic downturn or recession, rising inflation or significant market volatility in the global economy on our customers, partners, employees and business; the effect of uncertainties related to the novel coronavirus and resulting COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. and global markets, our business, operations, revenue results, cash flow, operating expenses, demand for our solutions, sales cycles, customer retention, and our customers’ businesses; trends in key business metrics, including number of customers and dollar-based net retention rate, and non- GAAP financial measures and their usefulness in evaluating our business; trends in revenue, cost of revenue, and gross margin; trends in operating expenses, including research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expense, and expectations regarding these expenses as a percentage of revenue; our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by sales of our subscriptions being sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months and our ability to meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations, through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and available cash and short-term investment balances; anticipated charges and future cost savings in connection with our recently announced reduction in headcount and real estate rationalization; our ability to successfully identify, acquire, and integrate complementary companies, technologies, and assets; our ability to service the interest on our convertible notes and repay such notes, to the extent required; our efforts to maintain proper and effective internal controls; our ability to expand our operations and increase adoption of our platform internationally; our ability to stay abreast of new or modified laws and regulations that currently apply or become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally; the increased expenses and administrative workload associated with being a public company; and other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition, and prospects and business strategies. Such forward-looking statements are based on our expectations as of the date of this filing and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including but not limited to, risks detailed in the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-K. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Form 10-K and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, that disclose risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the effect of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Form 10- K may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or may not occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, performance, or achievements. In addition, the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K are made as of the date of this filing, and we do not undertake, and expressly disclaim any duty, to update any of these forward- looking statements for any reason after the date of this Form 10-K or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations. RISK FACTOR SUMMARY Our business is subject to many risks and uncertainties, as more fully described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” You should read these risks before you invest in our common stock. Below are some of these risks, any one of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. • Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy, or reductions in information technology spending, could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations. • We have a history of operating losses and may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future. • • The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Our recent rapid growth may not be indicative of our future growth, and if we continue to grow rapidly, we may not be able to manage our growth effectively. Our rapid growth also makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful. • We operate in an emerging and evolving market, which may develop more slowly or differently than we expect. If our market does not grow as we expect, or if we cannot expand our platform to meet the demands of this market, our revenue may decline, fail to grow or fail to grow significantly, and we may incur additional operating losses. • If we are unable to attract new customers, our revenue growth will be adversely affected. • Our recent restructuring, announced on January 24, 2023, may not result in anticipated savings or operational efficiencies, could result in total costs and expenses that are greater than expected, and could disrupt our business. • If we are unable to retain our current customers or sell additional functionality and services to them, our revenue growth will be adversely affected. • We derive substantially all of our revenue from a single platform. • • The markets in which we participate are competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be harmed. If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changing regulations, and changing customer needs, requirements, or preferences, our products may become less competitive. • • • • • Failure to effectively develop and expand our marketing and sales capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our products. If we are unable to enhance and improve our platform or develop new functionality or use cases, our revenue may not grow. If our information technology systems or data, or those of our customers or the third-party providers upon which we rely, are or were compromised, we could experience adverse consequences resulting from such compromise, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruption of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; loss of customers or sales; decreased value of our business and common stock; and other adverse consequences. Interruptions or delays in performance of our service could result in customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of customers, limited growth, and reduction in revenue. Concentration of ownership of our common stock among our existing executive officers, directors, and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions. PART I. Item 1. Business Overview PagerDuty is a digital operations management platform that manages urgent and mission-critical work for a modern, digital business. We empower teams to respond rapidly to incidents to resolve or avoid customer issues, reduce noise, predict and avoid performance degradation, improve productivity, and accelerate digital transformation. Today, nearly every business is a digital business. As such, organizations are under pressure to enhance their digital operations in order to meet escalating customer expectations, resolve incidents proactively, and free-up time for innovation projects. This means critical, time sensitive, and unpredictable work needs to be detected and orchestrated. We collect data and digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device and leverage powerful machine learning to correlate, process, and predict opportunities and issues. Using incident response, event management, and automation, we bring together the right people with the right information so they can resolve issues and act on opportunities in minutes or seconds from wherever they are. PagerDuty was founded to support the DevOps movement by breaking down silos between technical teams, like developers and operators, enabling a culture of accountability and collaboration. Our platform’s initial focus was on the software developers who are the owners and architects of the customers’ digital experience and enterprises’ digital transformation. To drive adoption and earn trust within the developer community, our platform is designed to find, adopt, and scale with a rapid return on investment (“ROI”) for our users. Since our founding in 2009, we have expanded our capabilities from a single product focused on on-call management for developers to a multi-product platform that crosses silos into IT operations, security, customer service, and executive stakeholder roles across an organization. We have evolved from an on-call tool into the platform for digital operations, which resides at the center of a company’s technology ecosystem. We have spent more than a decade building deep product integrations to our platform, and our ecosystem now includes over 700 direct integrations to enable our customers to gather and correlate digital signals from any system or device. This allows technical teams to collect digital signals from any system or platform in their environment, and without the effects of context switching. Those same integrations connect with popular collaboration tools and business applications as well as all types of technology stacks to drive automation of work. We generate revenue primarily from cloud-hosted subscription fees. We also generate revenue from term- license software subscription fees. We have a land-and-expand business model that leads to viral adoption of our products and subsequent expansion. Our online self-service model is the primary mechanism for landing new customers and enabling teams to get started without assistance. We complement our self-service model with high- velocity inside sales focused on small and medium businesses, a commercial team focused on mid-market customers, and a field sales team focused on enterprise customers. Our mid-market and enterprise customers account for the majority of our revenue today. These teams drive expansion to additional users, new use cases, and add-on products, as well as the upsell to higher value plans. Our business has experienced rapid growth since our inception. For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, our revenue was $370.8 million and $281.4 million, respectively. We continue to invest in our business and had a net loss attributable to PagerDuty of $128.4 million and $107.5 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our Platform and Key Customer Benefits We have invested aggressively in research and development to build innovative products that deliver value to our customers. Our cloud-native platform is differentiated based on a broad range of attributes: 6 • • • • • • • • • Built for real time. Our platform manages today’s complex and contemporary digital services. These are hybrid cloud and microservice based environments that are constantly changing state. That requires managing the entire service lifecycle from collecting data, interpreting digital signals, mobilizing a response when needed, and providing insights—all in real time. There is no concept of queued tickets or queued work on our platform because we are built to understand these situations and solve incidents within seconds or minutes, not hours or days. Nearly 14 years’ of data from over 15,200 paying customers. As pioneers in digital operations management, we have a rich repository of machine-generated data and human response data. We utilize our data from every incident and leverage it across our platform, allowing us to build advanced machine-learning capabilities, provide richer contextual insights to teams, and share in-depth analytics, benchmarking, and best practices with our customers. Over 700 integrations across the technology ecosystem. We have invested extensively in an ecosystem that includes over 700 integrations, allowing us to harness data from software-enabled systems and devices. We have deep integrations to a range of widely used technologies, such as Amazon Web Services (“AWS”), Datadog, HashiCorp, New Relic, and Splunk, and many bidirectional integrations such as Atlassian, Microsoft VSTS, Salesforce, ServiceNow, and Slack. Our integrations support a broad range of use cases including developers, IT, security, customer service and support, and other business functions. We provide capabilities through which our users can easily build integrations themselves and connect our products with other third-party technologies. Breadth of functionality. We provide our customers with a complete platform that spans end-to-end digital operations management needs: harness digital data, make sense of data, automate, respond and engage teams, and analyze and learn from a team’s actions. We have continued to extend our core capabilities around on-call management and incident response to include AI Ops and automation. We have embedded machine learning, automation, insights, and best practices across our products to help our customers realize value quickly. Proactive. We are leading a shift from efficient response to proactive and predictive action to help teams prevent incidents from occurring. Combine process automation and team mobilization. We combine process automation technology with team mobilization to serve up a proposed automation routine to the right responder, with the option to initiate it with the click of a button. This enables tier one responders with easy press-button automation of powerful remediation steps to cut critical minutes out of outages and incidents. Secure, resilient, and scalable. Our customers depend on us for their digital operations needs. When their systems fail, we need to be operational. We have built multiple redundancies into our infrastructure, including multiple cloud regions, communications network, and a single DNS provider from a leading cloud provider. We run entirely in production, with no maintenance windows, so our customers can rely on always-on delivery. We have delivered 99.98% uptime to our customers over the past 24 months. Security is a critical customer requirement, and we have adopted governance, access control, and vulnerability testing to support the needs of our most sophisticated customers. Designed for the user. Our software is instant on and easy to adopt and use. We provide a simple, self-service onboarding experience so teams can be up and running in minutes. Our products are mobile-first and include intuitive navigation. Customers can easily extend our platform across teams and multiple use cases within an organization. Technology agnostic. We are agnostic to our customer’s technology stack and provide them the choice to use the technologies that meet their needs. We are flexible, modular, and open in our approach to building our platform with a powerful API to enable rapid integrations into even the most complex environments. Our open technology and broad range of integrations ensures that we can effectively co-exist with our customer’s technology. 7 • Enhanced productivity. PagerDuty empowers the full ROI of our customers’ technology stack, using machine learning, automation, auto-remediation, and self-healing to bring together the right people with the right information to generate the appropriate action, in real time, when seconds matter. The PagerDuty Operations Platform consists of the following products, which empowers teams to address broader digital operations management requirements. • • • • PagerDuty Incident Response. PagerDuty Incident Response provides a real-time view across the status of a digital service while incorporating noise reduction to remove false positives. Templated, automated runbooks guide major incidents while task automation automates diagnostics and remediation wherever possible. If human intervention is required, it provides advanced incident response capabilities to quickly identify and mobilize the right responders while equipping responders with context, recommendations, and remediation to accelerate resolution of issues. We also keep all users in the loop during an incident, providing templated stakeholder updates as well as PagerDuty Status Pages to communicate with end-users. PagerDuty Process Automation. PagerDuty Process Automation products empower users with the ability to create automated workflows and runbooks that span different scripts, tools, APIs, and system commands to safely hand off the knowledge required to use these tools correctly and consistently. With this self-service functionality, organizations can safely extend operations privileges to other teams and business units. PagerDuty Event Intelligence. PagerDuty Event Intelligence (“AI Ops”) applies machine learning to correlate and automate the identification of incidents from billions of events. Event Intelligence groups related events into a single incident, performs advanced suppression to prevent notification of non- actionable events, and continuously learns from similar incidents to provide teams better context and insight. Our Event Intelligence capabilities allow teams to reduce manual work and be more productive. PagerDuty for Customer Service. PagerDuty for Customer Service makes it easy to orchestrate, automate, and scale your response to customer impacting issues. With real-time data, two-way communication, and a fully integrated tool stack, we provide what our customers need to act as a unit and resolve issues faster. During an incident, customers receive proactive and clear information on service status, resolution activities, and even the ability to escalate, right from within today’s most populated case management platforms. Our Growth Strategies • • Land new customers. We will continue to target new customers by leveraging our trusted brand and efficient go-to-market strategy that combines self-serve viral adoption with a focused direct sales effort. We will continue to build on our partner ecosystem to drive awareness and adoption of our products. We will continue to target our potential customers with community building and marketing programs that include digital campaigns, our user events, broader industry events, customer marketing activities, and user meet-ups. Expand usage within our existing customer base across development, IT operations, security operations, customer service and support, as well as with new user groups such as business and industrial operations. Development and IT professionals often make an initial purchase of our platform for a small number of users and then expand users over time. We will continue to work with customers to demonstrate how additional users can help accelerate organizational benefits. We see significant growth opportunities within the development, IT operations, security operations, and customer service. We intend to increase our inside and field sales and customer success efforts as well as leverage partners to continue to drive adoption across our existing customers. 8 • • Introduce new products and functionality. We will continue to make investments in research and development to bolster our existing products, increase the reach of our integrations, and innovate on our platform. Our expanding portfolio of products provides us additional opportunities to upsell and cross-sell into our customer base. In addition to internal development, we can expand our product portfolio and offerings through acquisitions. Grow our international presence. We intend to build on our success to date and grow our sales outside North America, particularly throughout EMEA, Asia Pacific, and Japan. The self-service, low friction nature of our offering allows us to expand our reach into other regions where we see significant opportunity. Our international operations generated 24% of our revenue in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Our Market Opportunity Our platform has demonstrated core use cases across development, IT operations, customer service and support, and security operations. We estimated that in 2022, there were approximately 75 million potential users worldwide in the development, IT operations, customer service and support, and security operations segments, comprised of approximately: • • • • 25.0 million development personnel 21.0 million IT operations personnel 27.0 million customer service and support personnel 2.0 million security operations personnel We estimate our total addressable market is over $38 billion. To calculate our total addressable market, we multiply our estimate of 75 million potential users by our applicable product average revenue per user. We believe that we have approximately 1% penetration worldwide within these markets. In addition to our core use cases, we are seeing customers use our platform across their business operations and industrial operations. Customer Success We are committed to the success of our customers. This means delivering performance improvements that enable our customers to drive their digital initiatives. The key to delivering recurring value is rapid implementation with a focus on continuous improvement throughout our relationship. We assist our customers by enhancing their ability to operate in real time via cross functional workflows in engineering, IT, security, customer support, executive leadership, and across their entire employee base. Companies are typically on a digital operations maturity journey that we model in five stages: manual, reactive, responsive, proactive, and preventative. In our view, the majority of organizations are in one of the first three stages, which means issues are primarily discovered only through customer reports. To assist companies in the advancement of their digital journeys, our Customer Success team is structured to provide expertise through the entire customer lifecycle from onboarding, adoption of our platform, business value realization and renewal. We provide in-depth instructor-led courses to certify our customers and partners on products, technology, and best practices. The support teams respond to our customers’ queries related to our products via a multi-channel environment from no-fee to paid 24/7 support with service-level agreements. Technical industry experts, architects, and consultants assist customers with rapid deployment with workflow optimization and PagerDuty best practices. The renewals team works proactively to reduce churn/downgrade and provide customers with a positive on-time renewal experience. Research and Development Our research and development team consists of our user experience, product management, engineering and technical operations teams. These groups are responsible for the design, development, testing, delivery and support 9 of new and existing technologies and features for our platform. They are also responsible for scaling our platform and improving our cloud infrastructure and ultimately, our high availability. We invest substantial resources in research and development to drive core technology innovation and bring new products to market. Our distributed research and development efforts enable us to attract the best talent across our multiple locations, including San Francisco, Atlanta, Toronto, and Lisbon as well as fully remote workers not located near our hubs. Sales and Marketing We employ a highly efficient go-to-market strategy that combines viral adoption through word of mouth, user-centric content marketing, and grass roots brand development with a high-velocity inside sales model that drives both the initial land of new customers and the subsequent expansion into broader use cases, increased users, and premium functionality. We also target senior IT and business operations management at companies from mid- market to the largest enterprises through inside and field sales strategies to pursue larger-scale deployments. Our global sales teams focus on both new customer acquisition and up-selling and cross-selling additional products to our existing customers. Our sales teams are organized by geography, consisting of the Americas, EMEA, Asia Pacific, and Japan, as well as by target organization size. Our core Incident Response and Customer Service Operations products offer pricing plans aligned with our customers’ needs and the maturity of their digital operations: Free, Professional, Business, and Digital Operations. Customers may begin their journey on the PagerDuty platform with the Free plan for less than 5 users and grow into full Digital Operations capabilities, streamlining incident response, automating diagnosis and remediation. Status Pages is available as an add-on to these Plans to enhance and automate the end-user engagement in managing an incident. AI Ops add-ons, PagerDuty Event Intelligence and PagerDuty Automation Actions, are also available for a more incremental upgrade as an alternative to upgrading to the full Digital Operations plan. Customers can also take an automation first approach, beginning their PagerDuty journey with subscriptions to PagerDuty Process Automation (previously Rundeck) or its SaaS counterpart, PagerDuty Runbook Automation. We use diverse marketing tactics to engage with prospective customers, including email marketing, event marketing, digital advertising, social media, public relations, and community initiatives. We also host and present at regional, national, and global events, including our PagerDuty Summit, to engage both customers and prospects, deliver product training, share best practices, and foster community. Our technical leaders and evangelists frequently speak as subject matter experts at market-leading developer events like DevOps Days. Competition PagerDuty has largely competed to replace manual work and homegrown systems. Most commercial competition for the Developer market has been against OpsGenie, xMatters and Splunk On-Call (formerly VictorOps), as well as a long-tail of vendors within niche customer, geography or use-case segments. In larger Enterprise customers and particularly when engaging key Central Ops Teams and CIO / IT buying centers, we also commonly encounter ServiceNow via their bundled Notify solution and Information Technology Operations Management suite. Over time, our competitive landscape is shifting from point-product to multi-solution and platform competition. We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including: • • • • • platform functionality and breadth of offering; integrations; performance, security, scalability, and reliability; real-time response, workflow, and automation capabilities; focus on modern, contemporary digital services and operations; 10 • • • brand recognition, reputation, and customer satisfaction; ease of implementation and ease of use, and; time-to-value, total cost of ownership, and return on investment. We believe that we compete favorably with respect to all of these factors and that we are well positioned as a leader in the category of digital operations management. Intellectual Property We rely on a combination of trade secrets, patents, copyrights, and trademarks, as well as contractual protections, to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. While we had 15 issued patents and 13 patent applications pending examination in the United States as of January 31, 2023 that, with respect to the issued patents, are expected to have terms ending between 2033 and 2040, and we actively seek patent protection covering inventions originating from our company, we do not believe that we are materially dependent on any one or more of our patents. We pursue the registration of domain names, trademarks, and service marks in the United States and in various jurisdictions outside the United States. We control access to and use of our proprietary technology and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls, including contractual protections with employees, contractors, customers, and partners, and our software is protected by U.S. and international intellectual property laws. We require our employees, consultants, and other third parties to enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements and control access to software, documentation, and other proprietary information. Our policy is to require employees and independent contractors to sign agreements assigning to us any inventions, trade secrets, works of authorship, developments, and other processes generated by them on our behalf and agreeing to protect our confidential information. In addition, we generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our vendors and customers. Although we rely on intellectual property rights, including trade secrets, patents, copyrights, and trademarks, as well as contractual protections to establish and protect our proprietary rights, we believe that factors such as the technological and creative skills of our personnel, creation of new modules, features and functionality, and frequent enhancements to our platform are more essential to establishing and maintaining our technology leadership position. Regulatory We are subject to a number of U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations that involve matters central to our business. These laws and regulations may involve privacy, data protection, intellectual property, competition, consumer protection, export taxation, or other subjects. Many of the laws and regulations to which we are subject are still evolving and being tested in courts and could be interpreted in ways that could harm our business. In addition, the application and interpretation of these laws and regulations often are uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate. Because global laws and regulations have continued to develop and evolve rapidly, it is possible that we may not be, or may not have been, compliant with each such applicable law or regulation. For a discussion of risks related to these various areas of government regulation, see “Risk Factors—We are subject to evolving and increasingly stringent U.S. and foreign laws, regulations, rules, contractual obligations, policies and other legal obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; adverse publicity and reputational damage; loss of revenue or profits; loss of customers or sales; decrease the price of our common stock; and other adverse business consequences. Geographic Information For a description of our revenue and long-lived assets by geographic location, see Note 15, “Geographic Information” of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Human Capital 11 Our corporate culture is a critical component of our success and we will continue taking steps to help foster innovation, teamwork, diversity, and inclusion. We promote an environment that values the democratization of ideas and the adoption of a DevOps culture internally, resulting in a mindset that is empowering our team to be more innovative, productive, and collaborative. We are continually investing in our global workforce to further drive diversity and inclusion, provide fair and market-competitive pay and benefits to support our employees’ well-being, and foster their growth and development. As of January 31, 2023, we had 1,166 employees, of which approximately 65% were in the United States and 35% were in our international locations. None of our employees are represented by a labor union with respect to his or her employment. We have not experienced any work stoppages and we consider our relations with our employees to be good. Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity Our vision is to build an equitable world where we transform critical work so all teams can delight their customers and build trust. We seek to enable employees of all backgrounds to be champions, facilitators, and practitioners of Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity (“ID&E”) everywhere. Regardless of identity, it is important that all our employees feel welcome, safe, and heard. Our ID&E mission—to activate the potential of all PagerDuty employees, or Dutonians, through systemic and programmatic equity, sustainable community development and impactful learning experiences. Our ID&E vision is a people-first, data-driven organization where power is equitably distributed across the mosaic of our employees’ identities. As we work to meet our diversity goals, it is important that every employee feels accepted, supported, and able to be their authentic self. We do this by creating initiatives to invest in equitable and sustainable communities, which help employees mobilize and take action. Our goal is for PagerDuty to be a people-first organization where opportunity is equitably distributed among all employees. Our Employee Resource Groups (“ERG”)—networks of employees with shared characteristics, interests, and experiences—are a critical element in how we achieve this goal and engage with employees. The ERGs are the cultural backbone of our vibrant community and support our ID&E efforts through education, awareness, and celebration. Additional components of our strategy include an ID&E Ambassador Program, which provides a global perspective on cultural and business norms for every region, and ID&E Guiding Principles to promote model leadership across all levels. Additional information on our diversity and inclusion strategy, and diversity metrics and programs can be found on our website at https://www.pagerduty.com/careers/diversity/. Nothing on our website shall be deemed incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K. Compensation, Benefits, and Well Being We offer equitable, competitive compensation and benefits that support our employees’ overall well-being and attract and retain high performing talent. We regularly evaluate our compensation and benefits to ensure we are providing a package that is competitive with a constantly changing market, as well as meets the needs of our employees. Aligned with our company strategy and objectives, our compensation programs include fixed base pay and opportunities for short-term and long-term incentives for those eligible. We offer a wide selection of benefits including, but not limited to, medical, dental, and vision benefits, flexible spending and health savings accounts, generous paid time-off and leave programs, and retirement plans. We also provide emotional well-being services through our Employee Assistance Program and a variety of other behavioral health support applications. Employee Engagement and Development We are deeply committed and invested in ensuring our employees are provided with the resources and tools to not only thrive at PagerDuty, but to work better together as a distributed global company. With the recent forming of our Culture & Strategy team, our mission is to increase employee engagement throughout the entire employee lifecycle through intentional listening, activating our company values and practice, and communicating our employee value proposition to employees, customers and partners. Through different methods of listening, such as our quarterly Engagement surveys, we gather specific feedback on drivers of engagement to better create an engaging and equitable experience for all Dutonians. Our People Development team equips our leaders with the coaching and training necessary to have conversations with our employees to empower them to own and drive their career development goals. These two teams work together to provide a holistic experience where our employees feel 12 engaged and connected to our company's goals, as well as seeing themselves growing and developing within our organization. Social Impact and Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Initiatives We launched PagerDuty.org in 2018 to ensure a sustainable contribution to the communities in which we live, work, and serve by integrating social impact and ESG goals across our business. PagerDuty.org exists to empower those working to make a difference in the world, and to use our technology to help solve intractable challenges. We do so by mobilizing core company assets to help impact organizations deliver on their mission when every moment matters, by deploying high-impact funding that enables partners to advance justice and equitable health outcomes, and by activating employees to create meaningful impact. A Pledge 1% member since 2017, we commit 1% of equity, 1% of product, and 1% of employee time to advance positive community impact. In June 2018, we fulfilled our equity pledge by issuing a warrant to purchase shares of our common stock to the Tides Foundation to fund our philanthropic giving. The PagerDuty.org Fund works to meet urgent needs faster to advance justice and health through integrated investments of grants, donated product, and employee expertise in our core areas of Time-Critical Health and Climate Just. We deployed approximately $1.4 million in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, including the launch of the PagerDuty Impact Accelerator to help tech-forward organizations in our focus areas of time-critical health and climate equity amplify their impact by providing unrestricted funding, product credits and discounts, technical pro bono support, and voice amplification. We also focus on addressing community inequities in another area impacted by structural racism—the effects of climate change and environmental pollution. Through our Climate Equity portfolio, we made investments in community-based approaches to climate equity (inclusive of Earth Guardians, Earth Hacks, OpenAQ and The Solutions Project). Further, we continue to empower PagerDuty Employee Resource Groups and global champions to fund organizations and issues aligned to their community through our Dutonian-led grantmaking program. Our volunteer time off policy offers employees 20 hours annually to volunteer, vote, and participate in non- partisan voter engagement efforts and peaceful demonstration. Beginning with new hires, our rewards and recognition programs honor and celebrate the contributions employees make in giving their time, expertise, or capital. Ninety-five percent of our employees participated in volunteering or giving back in 2022. We made our foundational investments in ESG in 2020, including forming a cross-functional ESG Steering Committee of business leadership, to ensure that how we operate as a business produces positive impact. In 2021 we strengthened this work, conducting our first materiality assessment and first two years of greenhouse gas inventories. We garnered a silver rating by EcoVadis and incorporated ESG oversight into the charter of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our board of directors (the “Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee”). In 2022, we hired a dedicated ESG director, released our first ESG disclosures, and maintained our silver rating by EcoVadis. We also signaled our commitment to the carbon budgets laid out in the Paris Accord and are preparing science-based targets to meet these commitments. This work continues to be overseen by the ESG Steering Committee, our chief financial officer as ESG Executive Sponsor, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. 13 To articulate our progress against social impact, equity, and ESG goals and commitments, PagerDuty.org publishes an annual Impact Report. We track and report annually on our progress on social impact, equity and ESG commitments as we formalize new areas of investment in social impact, ID&E, and ESG. Available Information We make available, free of charge through our website (www.pagerduty.com), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains an internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We announce material information to the public about us, our products and services and other matters through a variety of means, including our website (www.pagerduty.com), the investor relations section of our website (investor.pagerduty.com), our blog (pagerduty.com/blog), press releases, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, public conference calls, and social media, including our Twitter account (twitter.com/pagerduty), the Twitter account @jenntejada and Facebook page (facebook.com/pagerduty), in order to achieve broad, non- exclusionary distribution of information to the public. We encourage investors and others to review the information we make public in these locations, as such information could be deemed to be material information. Item 1A. Risk Factors Our business involves significant risks, some of which are described below. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with all of the other information in this Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Any of the following risks could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. Our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material. Risks Related to Our Business and Industry Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy, or reductions in information technology spending, could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations. Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on us or our customers and potential customers. Negative conditions in the general economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, rising inflation, rising interest rates, bank failures, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, weakening exchange rates, international trade relations, political turmoil, natural catastrophes, health epidemics or pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), warfare (such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine), and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe, the Asia Pacific region, Japan, or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in business investments, including spending on information technology, and negatively affect the growth of our business. In addition, the United States has recently experienced historically high levels of inflation. The rising inflation may increase our supply, employees and facilities costs and decrease demand for our products. Furthermore, if our customers are materially negatively impacted by these factors, such as being unable to access their existing cash to fulfill their payment obligation to us due to future bank failures, our business could be negatively impacted. Competitors, many of whom are larger and have greater financial resources than we do, may respond to challenging market conditions by lowering prices in an attempt to attract our customers. In addition, the increased pace of consolidation in certain industries may result in reduced overall spending on our products. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown, instability, or recovery, generally or within any particular industry or how any such event may impact our business. 14 We have a history of operating losses and may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future. We were incorporated in 2010 and have experienced net losses since inception. We generated a net loss attributable to PagerDuty of $128.4 million, $107.5 million, and $68.9 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively, and as of January 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $477.2 million. While we have experienced significant revenue growth in recent periods, we are not certain whether or when we will obtain a high enough volume of sales to sustain or increase our growth or achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We also expect our costs and expenses to increase in future periods, which could negatively affect our future operating results if our revenue does not increase. In particular, we intend to continue to expend significant funds to further develop our platform, including by introducing new products and functionality, and to expand our inside and field sales teams and customer success team to drive new customer adoption, expand use cases and integrations, and support international expansion. We also face increased compliance costs associated with growth, the expansion of our customer base, and being a public company. Our efforts to grow our business may be costlier than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our revenue enough to offset our increased operating expenses. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including the other risks described herein, and unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and other unknown events. If we are unable to achieve and sustain profitability, the value of our business and common stock may significantly decrease. Our recent rapid growth may not be indicative of our future growth, and if we continue to grow rapidly, we may not be able to manage our growth effectively. Our rapid growth also makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful. Our revenue was $370.8 million, $281.4 million, and $213.6 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Although we have recently experienced significant growth in our revenue, even if our revenue continues to increase, we expect that our revenue growth rate will decline in the future as a result of a variety of factors, including the maturation of our business. Overall growth of our revenue depends on a number of factors, including our ability to: • • price our digital operations platform effectively so that we are able to attract new customers and expand sales to our existing customers; expand the functionality and use cases for the products we offer on our platform; • maintain or increase the rates at which customers purchase and renew subscriptions to our platform; • • • • provide our customers with customer support that meets their needs; continue to introduce our products to new markets outside of the United States; successfully identify and acquire or invest in businesses, products, or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our platform; and increase awareness of our brand on a global basis and successfully compete with other companies. We may not successfully accomplish any of these objectives, which makes it difficult for us to forecast our future operating results. If the assumptions that we use to plan our business are incorrect or change in reaction to changes in our market, or if we are unable to maintain consistent revenue or revenue growth, our stock price could be volatile, and it may be difficult to achieve and maintain profitability. You should not rely on our revenue for any prior quarterly or annual periods as any indication of our future revenue or revenue growth. In addition, we expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on: sales and marketing, including expansion to serve customers internationally; our technology infrastructure, including systems architecture, scalability, availability, performance, and security; • • 15 • • • • product development, including investments in our product development team and the development of new products and new functionality for our platform; acquisitions or strategic investments; international expansion; and general administration, including increased legal, accounting, and compliance expenses associated with being a public company. These investments may not result in increased revenue growth in our business. If we are unable to increase our revenue at a rate sufficient to offset the expected increase in our costs, our business, financial position, and results of operations will be harmed, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability over the long term. Additionally, we may encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods. If our revenue growth does not meet our expectations in future periods, our financial performance may be harmed, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected significant portions of our business and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to numerous pandemic- related risks, including those described below. The degree to which COVID-19 and its variants continues to impact our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and severity of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the virus or treat its impact, vaccination rates, the impact of variants, other actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the virus and resulting economic disruption, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. We are similarly unable to predict the extent of the impact of the pandemic on our customers, suppliers, vendors, and other partners, and their financial conditions, but a material effect on these parties could also materially adversely affect us. Our customers or potential customers, particularly those most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic such as small and medium businesses or those in industries such as transportation, hospitality, retail and energy, have reduced and may in the future reduce their IT spending or delay their digital transformation initiatives, which could materially and adversely impact our business. We have seen and may continue to see a decline in the number of users from individual customers as those customers are required to make workforce reductions. We have also experienced curtailed customer demand, reduced customer spend and contract duration during the COVID-19 pandemic, which have since normalized, but we may experience these effects again in the future, along with delayed collections, lengthened payment terms and increased competition due to changes in terms and conditions and pricing of our competitors’ products and services that could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods. We have also canceled or shifted other planned events to virtual-only experiences and may determine to alter, postpone or cancel additional customer, employee or industry events in the future. We have typically relied on marketing and promotional events such as Summit and other in-person conferences, events and meetings to facilitate customer sign-ups and generate leads for potential customers, and virtual marketing events and phone or virtual sales interactions may not be as successful as in-person events and meetings. We cannot predict how long, or the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to constrain our marketing, promotional, and sales activities. Many of our employees continue to work remotely on at least some work days, minimizing the spread of COVID-19 among our employee base. Our remote workforce poses increased risks to our information technology systems and data, as more of our employees work from home, utilizing network connections outside our premises. While our revenues, billings and earnings are relatively predictable as a result of our subscription-based business model, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be fully reflected in our results of operations and overall financial performance until future periods. The impact of COVID-19 and its variants can also exacerbate 16 other risks discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and throughout this report, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on us. Developments related to COVID-19 have been unpredictable, and additional impacts and risks may arise that we are not aware of or able to respond to appropriately or quickly. We operate in an emerging and evolving market, which may develop more slowly or differently than we expect. If our market does not grow as we expect, or if we cannot expand our platform to meet the demands of this market, our revenue may decline, fail to grow or fail to grow significantly, and we may incur additional operating losses. The market for digital operations management solutions, particularly enterprise-grade solutions, is in an early stage of development, and it is uncertain whether this market will develop, and even if it does develop, how rapidly it will develop, how much it will grow, or whether our platform will be widely adopted. Our success will depend, to a substantial extent, on the widespread adoption of our platform as an alternative to existing solutions or adoption by customers that are not using any such solutions at all. Some organizations may be reluctant or unwilling to use our platform for a number of reasons, including concerns about additional costs, uncertainty regarding the reliability and security of cloud-based offerings, or lack of awareness of the benefits of our platform. Our ability to expand sales of our platform depends on several factors, including potential customer awareness of our platform; the timely completion, introduction, and market acceptance of enhancements to our platform or new products that we may introduce; our ability to attract, retain, and effectively train inside and field sales personnel; our ability to develop or maintain integrations with partners; the effectiveness of our marketing programs; the costs of our platform; and the success of our competitors. If we are unsuccessful in developing and marketing our platform, or if organizations do not perceive or value the benefits of our platform as an alternative to legacy systems, the market for our platform might not continue to develop or might develop more slowly than we expect, either of which would harm our growth prospects and operating results. If we are unable to attract new customers, our revenue growth will be adversely affected. To increase our revenue, we must continue to attract new customers and increase sales to existing customers. As our market matures, product and service offerings evolve, and competitors introduce lower cost or differentiated products or services that are perceived to compete with our platform, our ability to sell subscriptions for our products could be impaired. Similarly, our subscription sales could be adversely affected if customers or users within these organizations perceive that features incorporated into competitive products reduce the need for our products or if they prefer to purchase other products that are bundled with solutions offered by other companies, including our partners, that operate in adjacent markets and compete with our products. As a result of these and other factors, we may be unable to attract new customers, which could have an adverse effect on our business, revenue, gross margins, and other operating results, and accordingly, on the trading price of our common stock. Our recent restructuring, announced on January 24, 2023, may not result in anticipated savings or operational efficiencies, could result in total costs and expenses that are greater than expected, and could disrupt our business. On January 24, 2023, we announced that as part of our ongoing actions to drive efficient growth and expand operating margins, we were advancing global scaling initiatives designed to increase our capacity while improving our cost structure. The immediate impact was a 7% reduction in headcount, as some roles were eliminated and new roles created in high-talent, lower-cost geographies. Concurrent with our efficient growth strategy, we are considering real estate rationalization in line with the distributed nature of the workforce and a changed use of office facilities. We may incur additional expenses not currently contemplated due to events associated with the restructuring, for example, the restructuring may have a future impact on other areas of our liabilities and obligations, which could result in losses in future periods. We may not realize, in full or in part, the anticipated benefits and savings from this restructuring due to unforeseen difficulties, delays or unexpected costs. If we are unable to realize the expected operational efficiencies and cost savings from the restructuring, our operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected. In addition, we may need to undertake additional workforce reductions or restructuring activities in the future. Furthermore, our restructuring may be disruptive to our operations. For example, our headcount reduction could yield unanticipated consequences, such as attrition beyond planned staff reductions, increased difficulties in 17 our day-to-day operations and reduced employee morale. If employees who were not affected by the reduction in headcount seek alternative employment, this could result in unplanned additional expense to ensure adequate resourcing or harm our productivity. Our headcount reduction could also harm our ability to attract and retain qualified management, sales and marketing personnel who are critical to our business. Any failure to attract or retain qualified personnel could adversely affect our business. If we are unable to retain our current customers or sell additional functionality and services to them, our revenue growth will be adversely affected. To increase our revenue, in addition to selling to new customers, we must retain existing customers and convince them to expand their use of our platform across their organizations — in terms of increasing the number of users, subscribing for additional functionality, and broadening the user base across multiple departments and business units. Our ability to retain our customers and increase the amount of their subscriptions could be impaired for a variety of reasons, including customer reaction to changes in the pricing of our products or the other risks described herein. As a result, we may be unable to renew our subscriptions with existing customers or attract new business from existing customers, which would have an adverse effect on our business, revenue, gross margins, and other operating results, and accordingly, on the trading price of our common stock. Our ability to sell additional functionality and services to our existing customers may require more sophisticated and costly sales efforts, especially as we target larger enterprises and more senior management who make these purchasing decisions. Similarly, the rate at which our customers purchase additional products and services from us depends on a number of factors, including general economic conditions and the pricing of the additional product functionality and services. If our efforts to sell additional functionality and services to our customers are not successful, our business and growth prospects would suffer. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions with us after the expiration of their subscription period. Our subscriptions with our customers are typically one year in duration but can range from monthly to multi-year. In order for us to maintain or improve our results of operations, it is important that our customers renew their subscriptions with us on the same or more favorable terms. We cannot accurately predict renewal or expansion rates given the diversity of our customer base, in terms of size, industry, and geography. Our renewal and expansion rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customer spending levels, customer dissatisfaction with our products and services, decreases in the number of users at our customers, changes in the type and size of our customers, pricing changes, competitive conditions, the acquisition of our customers by other companies, and general economic conditions. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions with us, or if they reduce their subscription amounts at the time of renewal, our revenue and other results of operations will decline and our business will suffer. If our renewal or expansion rates fall significantly below the expectations of the public market, securities analysts, or investors, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline. We derive a significant majority of our revenue from a single product. Sales of subscriptions to our incident response offerings account for a significant majority of our revenue. We expect these subscriptions to account for a large portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. As a result, our operating results could suffer due to: • • • • • any decline in demand for our incident response product; the failure of our broader platform and other products to achieve market acceptance; the market for our digital operations platform not continuing to grow, or growing more slowly than we expect; the introduction of products and technologies that serve as a replacement or substitute for, or represent an improvement over, our platform and products; technological innovations or new standards that our platform and products do not address; 18 • • sensitivity to current or future prices offered by us or our competitors; and our inability to release enhanced versions of our platform and products on a timely basis. Our inability to renew or increase sales of subscriptions to our platform or market and sell additional products and functionality, or a decline in prices of our platform subscription levels, would harm our business and operating results more seriously than if we derived significant revenue from a variety of products. In addition, if the market for our platform and products grows more slowly than anticipated, or if demand for our digital operations platform does not grow as quickly as anticipated, whether as a result of competition, pricing sensitivities, product obsolescence, technological change, unfavorable economic conditions, bank failures, uncertain geopolitical environment, budgetary constraints of our customers, or other factors, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected. The markets in which we participate are competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be harmed. The market for digital operations solutions, particularly enterprise-grade solutions, is highly fragmented, competitive, and constantly evolving. We face substantial competition from in-house solutions, open source software, manual processes, and software providers that may compete against certain components of our offering, as well as established and emerging software providers. With the introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect that the competitive environment will remain intense going forward. Some of our actual and potential competitors have been acquired by other larger enterprises and have made or may make acquisitions or may enter into partnerships or other strategic relationships that may provide more comprehensive offerings than they individually had offered or achieve greater economies of scale than us. For example, some companies that compete with certain components of our offerings include ServiceNow, Atlassian and Splunk. In addition, new entrants not currently considered to be competitors may enter the market through product development, acquisitions, partnerships, or strategic relationships. As we look to market and sell our platform to potential customers with existing internal solutions, we must convince their internal stakeholders that our platform is superior to their current solutions. We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including: platform functionality and breadth of offering; integrations; performance, security, scalability, and reliability; real-time response, workflow, and automation capabilities; focus on modern, contemporary digital services and operations; brand recognition, reputation, and customer satisfaction; ease of implementation and ease of use; and time-to-value, total cost of ownership, and return on investment. • • • • • • • • Our competitors vary in size and in the breadth and scope of the products and services offered. Many of our competitors and potential competitors have greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more established customer relationships and installed customer bases, larger marketing budgets, and greater resources than we do. Further, other potential competitors not currently offering competitive solutions may expand their product offerings to compete with our platform, or our current and potential competitors may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and product and services offerings in our addressable market. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, and customer requirements. An existing competitor or new entrant could introduce new technology that reduces demand for our platform. In addition to product and technology 19 competition, we face pricing competition. Some of our competitors offer their solutions at a lower price, which has resulted in pricing pressures. Some of our larger competitors, such as Atlassian and Splunk, have the operating flexibility to bundle competing solutions with other offerings, including offering them at a lower price or for no additional cost to customers as part of a larger sale of other products. In addition, because of the characteristics of open-source software, there may be fewer technology barriers to entry in the open-source market by new competitors. One of the characteristics of open-source software is that, subject to specified restrictions, anyone may modify and redistribute the existing open-source software and use it to compete in the marketplace. Such competition can develop with a smaller degree of overhead and lead time than required by traditional proprietary software companies. New open-source-based platform technologies and standards are consistently being developed and can gain popularity quickly. Improvements in open source could cause customers to replace software purchased from us with their internally-developed, integrated and maintained open- source software. It is possible for competitors with greater resources than ours to develop their own in-house solution and make it available on an open-source basis to organizations that would otherwise be potential customers of ours, potentially reducing the demand for our products and putting price pressure on our offerings. For all of these reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current or future competitors, and this competition could result in the failure of our platform to continue to achieve or maintain market acceptance, any of which would harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The nature of our business exposes us to inherent liability risks. Our platform and related products, including our Event Intelligence and Process Automation, are designed to provide quick, reliable alerts, to communicate information frequently during critical business events, such as information relevant to mitigating the damaging effects of system problems, and to automatically remediate systems problems. Due to the nature of such products, we are potentially exposed to greater risks of liability for solution or system failures than may be inherent in other businesses. Although substantially all of our subscription agreements contain provisions limiting our liability to our customers, we cannot assure you that these limitations will be enforced nor that the costs of any litigation related to actual or alleged omissions or failures would not have a material adverse effect on us even if we prevail. Further, certain of our insurance policies and the laws of some states may limit or prohibit insurance coverage for punitive or certain other types of damages or liability arising from gross negligence, and we cannot assure you that we are adequately insured against the risks that we face. We expect fluctuations in our financial results, making it difficult to project future results, and if we fail to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors with respect to our operating results, our stock price and the value of your investment could decline. Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are expected to fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, our past results may not be indicative of our future performance. In addition to the other risks described herein, factors that may affect our operating results include the following: • • • • • • fluctuations in demand for or pricing of our platform due to customers reducing their expenditures, whether as a cost-cutting measure or a result of their insolvency or bankruptcy, and whether due to inflationary pressures, rising global interest rates, bank failures, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic or other reasons; our ability to attract new customers; our ability to retain our existing customers; customer expansion rates; the pricing and quantity of subscriptions renewed; the timing of our customer purchases; 20 • • • • • • • • • • • • • fluctuations or delays in purchasing decisions in anticipation of new products or product enhancements by us or our competitors; changes in customers’ budgets and in the timing of their budget cycles and purchasing decisions; potential and existing customers choosing our competitors’ products or developing their own solutions in- house; our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses; the amount and timing of payment for operating expenses, particularly research and development and sales and marketing expenses, including commissions; the amount and timing of non-cash expenses, including stock-based compensation, goodwill impairments, and other non-cash charges; the amount and timing of costs associated with recruiting, training, and integrating new employees and retaining and motivating existing employees; the effects of acquisitions and their integration; general economic conditions, both domestically and internationally, as well as economic conditions specifically affecting industries in which our customers participate; the impact of new accounting pronouncements; changes in the competitive dynamics of our market, including consolidation among competitors or customers; significant security breaches of, technical difficulties with, or interruptions to, the delivery and use of our platform; and awareness of our brand and our reputation in our target markets. Any of these and other factors, or the cumulative effect of some of these factors, may cause our results of operations to vary significantly. In addition, we expect to continue to incur significant additional expenses due to the increased costs of operating as a public company. If our annual results of operations fall below the expectations of investors and securities analysts who follow our stock, the price of our common stock could decline substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits. Because we recognize revenue from the majority of our subscriptions over the term of the relevant agreement, downturns or upturns in sales are not immediately reflected in full in our operating results. We recognize revenue for our cloud-hosted software subscription fees over the term of our subscription agreement, and our subscriptions are generally one year in duration but can range from monthly to multi-year. As a result, much of our revenue is generated from cloud-hosted software subscriptions entered into during previous periods. Consequently, a decline in demand for our platform or a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not significantly reduce our revenue for that quarter but could negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Our revenue recognition model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through the sale of additional cloud-hosted software subscriptions in any period, as revenue from customers is recognized over the applicable term of their cloud-hosted subscriptions. Seasonality may cause fluctuations in our sales and operating results. The first fiscal quarter of each year is usually our lowest billings and bookings quarter. In fact, billings and bookings during our first fiscal quarter are typically lower than the prior fiscal fourth quarter. We believe that this results from the procurement, budgeting, and deployment cycles of many of our customers, particularly our 21 enterprise customers. We expect that this seasonality will continue to affect our billings, bookings, and other operating results in the future as we continue to target larger enterprise customers. If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changing regulations, and changing customer needs, requirements, or preferences, our products may become less competitive. The market in which we compete is relatively new and subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, and changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements, and preferences. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis. If we were unable to continue enhancing and evolving our digital operations platform or delivering new products that keep pace with rapid technological and regulatory change, or if new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive value at lower prices, more efficiently, more conveniently, more reliably, or more securely than our products, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected. If we fail to maintain and enhance our brand, our ability to expand our customer base will be impaired and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may suffer. We believe that maintaining and enhancing the PagerDuty brand is important to support the marketing and sale of our existing and future products to new customers and expand sales of our platform to existing customers. We also believe that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in our market increases. Successfully maintaining and enhancing our brand will depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, our ability to provide reliable products that continue to meet the needs of our customers at competitive prices, our ability to maintain our customers’ trust, our ability to continue to develop new functionality and use cases, and our ability to successfully differentiate our platform and products from competitive products and services. Additionally, the performance of our partners may affect our brand and reputation if customers do not have a positive experience with our partners’ services. Our brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, our business could suffer. Failure to effectively develop and expand our marketing and sales capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our products. Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our digital operations platform will depend to a significant extent on our ability to expand our marketing and sales organizations. We plan to continue expanding our direct sales force and partners, both domestically and internationally. We also plan to dedicate significant resources to sales and marketing programs, including inbound marketing and online advertising. The effectiveness of these programs has varied over time and may vary in the future due to competition for key search terms, changes in search engine use, changes in the search algorithms used by major search engines and the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s GDPR (“U.K. GDPR”) and other similar privacy initiatives. All of these efforts will require us to invest significant financial and other resources. Our business and operating results will be harmed if our sales and marketing efforts do not generate significant increases in revenue. We may not achieve anticipated revenue growth from expanding our sales force if we are unable to hire, develop, integrate, and retain talented and effective sales personnel, if our new and existing sales personnel, on the whole, are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, or if our sales and marketing programs are not effective. If we are unable to enhance and improve our platform or develop new functionality or use cases, our revenue may not grow. Our ability to increase sales will depend in large part on our ability to enhance and improve our platform, introduce new functionality in a timely manner, and develop new use cases for our platform. Any new functionality that we develop or acquire needs to be introduced in a timely and cost-effective manner in order to achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue. If we are unable to enhance our platform or develop 22 new functionality to keep pace with rapid technological and regulatory change, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected. If our products fail to perform properly due to defects or similar problems, and if we fail to develop enhancements to resolve any defect or other problems, we could lose customers, become subject to service performance or warranty claims, or incur other significant costs. Our operations are dependent upon our ability to prevent system interruption. Our platform for digital operations is built on a modern modular technology stack that is inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors, which may cause disruptions in availability or other performance problems. We have from time to time experienced service outages and found defects in our platform. We may experience additional outages or discover additional defects in the future that could result in data unavailability or unauthorized access to, or loss or corruption of, our customers’ data. We may not be able to detect and correct defects or errors before implementing platform enhancements. Consequently, we or our customers may discover defects or errors after our platform has been deployed. The occurrence of any defects, errors, disruptions in service, or other performance problems with our software, whether in connection with day-to-day operations, upgrades, or otherwise, could result in: • • • • • • loss of customers; lost or delayed market acceptance and sales of our products; delays in payment to us by customers; injury to our reputation and brand; legal claims, including warranty and service level agreement claims, against us; or diversion of our resources, including through increased service and warranty expenses or financial concessions, and increased insurance costs. The costs incurred in correcting any material defects or errors in our software or other performance problems may be substantial and could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. As we continue to pursue sales to new and existing enterprise customers, our sales cycle, forecasting processes, and deployment processes may become more unpredictable and require greater time and expense. While we rely predominantly on self-service purchases to establish new customer relationships, our inside and field sales teams target expansion opportunities with existing mid-market and enterprise customers. Sales to new and existing mid-market and enterprise customers involve risks that may not be present or that are present to a lesser extent with sales to smaller organizations. As we seek to increase our sales to mid-market and enterprise customers, we face more complex customer requirements, substantial upfront sales costs, less predictability, and, in some cases, longer sales cycles than we do with smaller customers. With mid-market and enterprise customers, the decision to subscribe to our platform frequently may require the approval of multiple management personnel and more technical personnel than would be typical of a smaller organization, and accordingly, sales to mid-market and enterprise customers may require us to invest more time educating these potential customers. Purchases by mid-market and larger enterprise customers are also frequently subject to budget constraints and unplanned administrative, processing, and other delays, which means we may not be able to come to agreement on the subscription terms with enterprises. Our ability to successfully sell our platform to mid-market and larger enterprise customers is also dependent upon the effectiveness of our sales force, including new sales personnel, who currently represent the majority of our sales force. In addition, if we are unable to increase sales of our platform to mid-market and larger enterprise customers while mitigating the risks associated with serving such customers, our business, financial position, and operating results may be adversely affected. 23 If we cannot maintain our company culture as we grow, our success and our business may be harmed. We believe our culture has been a key contributor to our success to date and that the critical nature of the platform that we provide promotes a sense of greater purpose in our employees. Failure to preserve our culture negatively affects our ability to retain and recruit personnel, which is critical to our growth, and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. As we continue to grow, we may find it difficult to attract and retain qualified diverse talent if we do not maintain a culture that is reflective of our talent. Thus, our company culture is a business imperative and critical to our competitive position within our industry. If we fail to maintain our company culture, our business and competitive position may be adversely affected. If we lose key members of our management team or are unable to attract and retain executives and employees we need to support our operations and growth, our business may be harmed. Our success and future growth depend upon the continued services of our management team and other key employees. From time to time, there may be changes in our management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives and key employees, which could disrupt our business. Our senior management and key employees are employed on an at-will basis. We currently do not have “key person” insurance on any of our employees. Certain of our key employees have been with us for a long period of time and have fully vested stock options or other long- term equity incentives that may become valuable and may be sold in the public markets, generating significant proceeds, which may reduce their motivation to continue to work for us. The loss of one or more of our senior management, particularly Jennifer Tejada, our Chief Executive Officer, or other key employees could harm our business, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees. While we have adequate succession plans in place we cannot ensure that we would be able to timely replace members of our senior management or other key employees should any of them depart. The failure to attract and retain additional qualified personnel and any restrictions on the movement of personnel could prevent us from executing our business strategy and growth plans. To execute our business strategy, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for executive officers, software developers, sales personnel, and other key employees in our industry is intense and increasing. In particular, we compete with many other companies for software developers with high levels of experience in designing, developing, and managing cloud-based software, as well as for skilled sales and operations professionals. While the market for such personnel is particularly competitive in Silicon Valley, it is also competitive in other markets where we maintain operations, including Canada and Portugal. In addition, the current regulatory environment related to immigration is uncertain, including with respect to the availability of H1-B and other visas. If a new or revised visa program is implemented, it may impact our ability to recruit, hire, retain or effectively collaborate with qualified skilled personnel, including in Canada, which could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth in the future will depend, in part, on our ability to recruit, train and retain a sufficient number of experienced sales professionals, particularly those with experience selling to enterprises. In addition, even if we are successful in hiring qualified sales employees, new hires require significant training and experience before they achieve full productivity, particularly for sales efforts targeted at enterprises and new territories. Our recent hires and planned hires may not become as productive as quickly as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the future in the markets where we do business. Because we do not have a long history of targeting our sales efforts at enterprises, we cannot predict whether, or to what extent, our sales will increase as we organize and train our sales force or how long it will take for sales employees to become productive. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we do and can frequently offer such personnel substantially greater compensation than we can offer. In addition, we may fail to identify, attract, and retain talented employees who support our corporate culture that we believe fosters innovation, teamwork, diversity, and inclusion, and which we believe is critical to our success. If we fail to identify, attract, develop, and integrate new personnel, or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our growth prospects would be severely harmed. 24 The estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts, including those we have generated ourselves, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The variables that go into the calculation of our market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of addressable users or companies covered by our market opportunity estimates will purchase our products at all or generate any particular level of revenue for us. Any expansion in our market depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our platform and those of our competitors. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasted, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth should not be taken as indicative of our future growth. If our information technology systems or data, or those of our customers or the third-party providers upon which we rely, are or were compromised, we could experience adverse consequences resulting from such compromise, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruption of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; loss of customers or sales; decreased value of our business and common stock; and other adverse consequences. Our business involves the processing, storage and transmission of proprietary, sensitive, or confidential data of our customers and their employees and customers, including personal information, intellectual property, and trade secrets. Cyber-attacks, malicious internet-based activity, online and offline fraud, and other similar activities threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our sensitive information and information technology systems, and those of the third parties upon which we rely. Such threats are prevalent and continue to rise, are increasingly difficult to detect, and come from a variety of sources, including traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, “hacktivists,” organized criminal threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation states, and nation-state-supported actors. Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities. During times of war and other major conflicts, we, the third parties upon which we rely, and our customers may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of these attacks, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our goods and services. Providers of cloud-based services have frequently been targeted by such attacks. These cybersecurity challenges, including threats to our own IT infrastructure or those of our customers or third- party providers, may take a variety of forms including but not limited to malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), social engineering attacks (including through phishing, smishing, and vishing), ransomware attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, session hijacking, denial-of-service attacks (such as credential stuffing), supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or error, malicious code (such as viruses or worms), loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures, “mega breaches” targeted against cloud-based services and other hosted software (which could be initiated by individual or groups of hackers or sophisticated cyber criminals), earthquakes, fires, floods, and other similar threats. In particular, severe ransomware attacks, including those perpetrated by organized criminal threat actors, nation-states, and nation-state-supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe – and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of data and income, reputational harm, and diversion of funds. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments. Remote work has also become more common and has increased risks to our information technology systems and data, as more of our employees utilize network connections, computers and devices outside our premises or network, including working at home, while in transit and in public locations. Furthermore, future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated 25 entities’ systems and technologies. We may discover security issues that were not found during due diligence of such acquired or integrated entities, and it may be difficult to integrate companies into our information technology environment and security program. We use third-party service providers and technologies to help us deliver services and process information on our behalf in a variety of contexts, including, without limitation, encryption and authentication technology, employee email, content delivery to customers, and other functions. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If our third-party service providers experience a security incident or other interruption that results in data loss, deletion or destruction, unauthorized access to, loss of, unauthorized acquisition or disclosure of, or inadvertent exposure disclosure of, proprietary, sensitive, or confidential data, or any compromise related to the security, confidentiality, integrity or availability of our (or their) information technology, software, services, communications or data, it may result in adverse consequences such as litigation, indemnity obligations, interruption to our business operations, and other possible liabilities, as well as negative publicity, which would damage our reputation and business, impair our sales, and harm our customers. While we may be entitled to damages if our third-party service providers fail to satisfy their data privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties’ infrastructure in our supply chain or our third-party partners’ supply chains have not been compromised. Any of the previously identified or similar threats could cause a security incident, production downtime or other interruption that could result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our sensitive information or our information technology systems, or those of the third parties upon whom we rely. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties upon whom we rely) to provide our service. As we increase our customer base and our brand becomes more widely known and recognized, third parties may increasingly seek to compromise our security controls or gain unauthorized access to our sensitive corporate information or our customers’ data. We may be required to expend significant resources, fundamentally change our business activities and practices, or modify our services, software, operations or information technology to protect against security breaches and to mitigate, detect, and remediate actual and potential vulnerabilities. Certain data privacy and security obligations may require us to implement and maintain specific security measures or industry-standard or reasonable security measures to protect our information technology systems and sensitive information. While we have implemented security measures designed to protect against security incidents, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective. We take steps to detect and remediate vulnerabilities, but we may not be able to detect and remediate all vulnerabilities because the threats and techniques used to exploit the vulnerability change frequently and are often sophisticated in nature. Therefore, such vulnerabilities could be exploited but may not be detected until after a security incident has occurred. These vulnerabilities pose material risks to our business. Further, we may experience delays in developing and deploying remedial measures designed to address any such identified vulnerabilities. In addition to experiencing a security incident, third parties may gather, collect, or infer sensitive information about us from public sources, data brokers, or other means that reveals competitively sensitive details about our organization and could be used to undermine our competitive advantage or market position. The reliability and continuous availability of our service is critical to our success. However, software such as ours can contain errors, defects, security vulnerabilities or software bugs that are difficult to detect and correct, particularly when such vulnerabilities are first introduced or when new versions or enhancements of our service are released. Additionally, even if we are able to develop a patch or other fix to address such vulnerabilities, such a fix may be difficult to push out to our customers or otherwise be delayed. Additionally, our business depends upon the appropriate and successful implementation of our service by our customers. If our customers fail to use our service according to our specifications, our customers may suffer a security incident on their own systems or other adverse consequences. Even if such an incident is unrelated to our security practices, it could result in our incurring significant economic and operational costs in investigating, remediating, and implementing additional measures to further protect our customers from their own vulnerabilities, and could result in reputational harm. 26 Many governments have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of security incidents or unauthorized transfers involving certain types of personal information. Such notifications are costly, and the notifications or the failure to comply with requirements to provide them could lead to adverse consequences. In addition, some of our customers contractually require notification by us of any security incident. Accordingly, security incidents experienced by our competitors, our customers, us, or our service providers may lead to public disclosures, which may lead to widespread negative publicity. Any security incident or security compromise in our industry, whether actual or perceived, and attendant consequences could harm our reputation, erode customer confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, negatively affect our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to stop using our services or elect not to renew their subscriptions, and subject us to government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits, and inspections); additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; restrictions on processing sensitive information (including personal information); litigation (including class claims); indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; monetary fund diversions; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms. Our contracts may not contain limitations of liability, and even where they do, there can be no assurance that limitations of liability in our contracts are sufficient to protect us from liabilities, damages, or claims related to our data privacy and security obligations. While we maintain general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions, we cannot assure you that such coverage would be adequate or would otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages with respect to claims alleging compromises of customer data, that such coverage will continue to be available to us on acceptable terms or at all, or that such coverage will pay future claims. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage, or results in changes to our insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co- insurance requirements), could have an adverse effect on our business. We rely upon free trials of our products and other inbound lead-generation strategies to drive our sales and revenue. If these strategies fail to continue to generate sales opportunities or trial users do not convert into paying customers, our business and results of operations would be harmed. We rely upon our marketing strategy of offering a 14-day free trial and “freemium” plan, a free version of PagerDuty, for less than five users and an open source version of PagerDuty Process Automation as well as other inbound, lead-generation strategies to generate new sales opportunities. Most of our customers start with the free version of our products. These strategies may not be successful in continuing to generate sufficient sales opportunities necessary to increase our revenue. A subset of users never convert from the trial version of a product to a paid version of such product. Further, we often depend on individuals within an organization who initiate the trial versions of our products being able to convince decision makers within their organization to convert to a paid version. Many organizations have complex and multi-layered purchasing requirements. To the extent that these users do not become, or are unable to convince others to become, paying customers, we will not realize the intended benefits of this marketing strategy, and our ability to grow our revenue will be adversely affected. Interruptions or delays in performance of our service could result in customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of customers, limited growth, and reduction in revenue. We currently serve our customers using third-party cloud providers, including those operated by AWS. Our customers need to be able to access our platforms at any time, without interruption or degradation of performance. In some cases, third-party cloud providers run their own platforms that we access, and we are, therefore, vulnerable to their service interruptions. We therefore depend on our third-party cloud providers’ ability to protect their data centers against damage or interruption from natural disasters, power or telecommunications failures, criminal acts, and similar events. In the event that our data center arrangements are terminated, or if there are any lapses of service or damage to a data center, we could experience lengthy interruptions in our service as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging new facilities and services. Even with current and planned disaster recovery arrangements, including the existence of redundant data centers that become active during certain lapses of service or damage at a primary data center, our reputation and business could be harmed. Design and mechanical errors, spikes in usage volume, and failure to follow system protocols and procedures could cause our IT systems and infrastructure to fail, resulting in interruptions in our digital operations platform. We 27 have from time to time in the past experienced service disruptions, and we cannot assure you that we will not experience interruptions or delays in our service in the future. Any interruptions or delays in our service, whether caused by our products, third-parties, natural disasters, the effect of climate change (such as drought, flooding, wildfires, increased storm severity, and sea level rise), security breaches, or otherwise, could harm our relationships with customers and cause our revenue to decrease or our expenses to increase. Also, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. These factors in turn could further reduce our revenue, subject us to liability, and cause us to issue credits or cause customers to fail to renew their subscriptions, any of which could adversely affect our business. If we do not or cannot maintain the compatibility of our platform with third-party applications that our customers use in their businesses, our revenue and growth prospects will decline. The functionality and popularity of our platform depend, in part, on our ability to integrate our platform with third-party applications, tools, and software. These third-parties may change the features of their technologies, restrict our access to their applications, tools or other software or alter the terms governing their use in a manner that is adverse to our business and our ability to market and sell our digital operations platform. Such third parties could also develop features and functionality that limit or prevent our ability to use these third-party technologies in conjunction with our platform, which would negatively affect adoption of our platform and harm our business. If we fail to integrate our platform with third-party applications, tools, or other software that our customers use, use publicly available APIs for our integrations, or expose APIs for our customers to use, we may not be able to offer the functionality that our customers require, which would negatively affect our results of operations and growth prospects. Further, we are subject to requirements imposed by mobile application stores such as those operated by Apple and Google, who may change their technical requirements or policies in a manner that adversely impacts the way in which we or our partners collect, use and share data from users. Similarly, new technical requirements and policies that our partners put in place or are subject to could impact our ability to operate as expected in certain jurisdictions. If we do not comply with these requirements, we could lose access to the application store and users, and our business would be harmed. The success of our business depends on our customers’ continued and unimpeded internet access. Our customers must have internet access in order to use our platform. Some internet service providers may take measures that affect their customers’ ability to use our platform, such as degrading the quality of the data packets we transmit over their lines, giving those packets lower priority, giving other packets higher priority than ours, blocking our packets entirely, or attempting to charge their customers more for using our platform. In January 2018, the Federal Communications Commission, or the FCC, repealed “network neutrality” rules, which barred internet service providers from blocking or slowing down access to online content, protecting services like ours from such interference. The 2018 decision was largely affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, subject to a remand to consider several issues raised by parties that supported network neutrality, and in November 2020 the FCC affirmed its decision to repeal the rules. Petitions for reconsideration of this decision are pending. In addition, certain states have adopted or are adopting or considering legislation or executive actions that would regulate the conduct of broadband providers. California’s state-specific network neutrality law has taken effect and Vermont’s law took effect, but a challenge to that law remains pending. We cannot predict whether the FCC order or other state initiatives will be enforced, modified, overturned, or vacated by legal action of the court, federal legislation, or the FCC. To the extent internet service providers, absent network neutrality rules, attempt to interfere with our services, extract fees from us to make our platform available, or otherwise engage in discriminatory practices, our business could be adversely impacted. Within such a regulatory environment, we could experience discriminatory or anti- competitive practices that could impede our domestic and international growth, cause us to incur additional expense, or otherwise negatively affect our business. At the same time, re-adoption of network neutrality rules could affect the services used by us and our customers by restricting the offerings made by internet service providers or reducing 28 their incentives to invest in their networks. Such actions could limit or reduce the quality of internet access services and have an adverse impact on the quality of the services we provide to our customers. We provide service-level commitments under our cloud-hosted subscription agreements. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we could be obligated to provide credits for future service or face subscription termination with refunds of prepaid amounts, which would lower our revenue and harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. All of our cloud-hosted subscription agreements contain service-level commitments. If we are unable to meet the stated service-level commitments, including failure to meet the uptime and delivery requirements under our customer subscription agreements, we may be contractually obligated to provide these customers with service credits which could significantly affect our revenue in the periods in which the uptime or delivery failure occurs and the credits are applied. We could also face subscription terminations, which could significantly affect both our current and future revenue. Any service-level failures could also damage our reputation, which could also adversely affect our business and results of operations. If we fail to offer high-quality support, our business and reputation could suffer. Our customers rely on our customer support personnel to resolve issues and realize the full benefits that our platform provides. High-quality support is also important for the renewal and expansion of our subscriptions with existing customers. The importance of our support function will increase as we expand our business and pursue new customers. If we do not help our customers quickly resolve issues and provide effective ongoing support, our ability to maintain and expand our subscriptions to existing and new customers could suffer, and our reputation with existing or potential customers would be harmed. We may not be able to scale our business quickly enough to meet our customers’ growing needs, and if we are not able to grow efficiently, our operating results could be harmed. As usage of our digital operations platform grows and as the breadth of the use cases for our products expands, we will need to devote additional resources to improving and maintaining our infrastructure and integrating with third-party applications. In addition, we will need to appropriately scale our internal business systems and our services organization, including customer support and professional services, to serve our growing customer base. Any failure of or delay in these efforts could result in impaired system performance and reduced customer satisfaction, resulting in decreased sales to new customers, lower subscription renewal rates by existing customers, the issuance of service credits, or requested refunds, which would hurt our revenue growth and our reputation. Even if we are successful in these efforts, they will be expensive and complex, and require the dedication of significant management time and attention. We could also face inefficiencies or service disruptions as a result of our efforts to scale our internal infrastructure. We cannot be sure that the expansion and improvements to our internal infrastructure will be effectively implemented on a timely basis, if at all, and such failures would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Our current operations are international in scope, and we plan further geographic expansion, creating a variety of operational challenges. A component of our growth strategy involves the further expansion of our operations and customer base internationally. In each of the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 customers outside of the United States generated 24%, 24%, and 24%, respectively, of our revenue. We currently have offices in Australia, Canada, Japan, Portugal, the United Kingdom (U.K.), and the United States. We are continuing to adapt to and develop strategies to address international markets, but there is no guarantee that such efforts will have the desired effect. As of January 31, 2023, approximately 35% of our full-time employees were located outside of the United States. We expect that our international activities will continue to grow for the foreseeable future as we continue to pursue opportunities in existing and new international markets, which will require significant dedication of management attention and financial resources. 29 Our current and future international business and operations involve a variety of risks, including: recession or economic downturn globally or in the jurisdictions in which we do business; inflation, as well as changes in existing and expected rates of inflation, which may vary across the jurisdictions in which we do business; changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions; health epidemics or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza and other highly communicable diseases or viruses; continuing uncertainty regarding social, political, immigration, and tax and trade policies in the U.S. and abroad, including as a result of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union (“EU”); the need to adapt and localize our products for specific countries; greater difficulty collecting accounts receivable and longer payment cycles; potential changes in trade relations, regulations, or laws; unexpected changes in laws, regulatory requirements, or tax laws; • • • • • • • • • • more stringent regulations relating to privacy and data security and the unauthorized use of, or access to, commercial and personal information, particularly in Europe; • • • • • • • • • • • differing and potentially more onerous labor regulations, especially in Europe, where labor laws are generally more advantageous to employees as compared to the United States, including deemed hourly wage and overtime regulations in these locations; challenges inherent in efficiently managing, and the increased costs associated with, an increased number of employees over large geographic distances, including the need to implement appropriate systems, policies, benefits, and compliance programs that are specific to each jurisdiction; difficulties in managing a business in new markets with diverse cultures, languages, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems, and regulatory systems; increased travel, real estate, infrastructure, and legal compliance costs associated with international operations; currency exchange rate fluctuations and the resulting effect on our revenue and expenses, and the cost and risk of entering into hedging transactions if we chose to do so in the future; limitations on our ability to reinvest earnings from operations in one country to fund the capital needs of our operations in other countries; laws and business practices favoring local competitors or general market preferences for local vendors; limited or insufficient intellectual property protection or difficulties enforcing our intellectual property; political instability, including military actions; terrorist activities; exposure to liabilities under anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, U.S. bribery laws, the UK Bribery Act, and similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions; and 30 • adverse tax burdens and foreign exchange controls that could make it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash. Political actions, including trade protection and national security policies of U.S. and foreign government bodies, such as tariffs, import or export regulations, trade and economic sanctions, quotas or other trade barriers and restrictions could affect our ability to fulfill our contractual obligations and have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, following Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, NATO deployed additional military forces to Eastern Europe, and the United States, European Union, and other nations announced various sanctions against Russia. The invasion of Ukraine and the retaliatory measures that have been taken, and could be taken in future, by the United States, NATO, and other countries have created global security concerns that could result in a regional conflict and otherwise have a lasting impact on regional and global economies, any or all of which could adversely affect our business. Further, due to political uncertainty and military actions involving Russia, Ukraine, and surrounding regions, we and the third parties upon which we rely may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of security breaches, computer malware, social-engineering attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other information technology assets, and other cyber-attacks, including attacks that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to do business. These attacks are expected to occur in the future. If any of the above risks materializes, it could harm our business and prospects. In addition, our limited experience in operating our business internationally increases the risk that any potential future expansion efforts that we may undertake will not be successful. If we invest substantial time and resources to further expand our international operations and are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our business and operating results will suffer. Our international operations may subject us to potential adverse tax consequences. We are expanding our international operations to better support our growth into international markets. Our corporate structure and associated transfer pricing policies contemplate future growth in international markets, and consider the functions, risks, and assets of the various entities involved in intercompany transactions. The amount of taxes we pay in different jurisdictions may depend on the application of the tax laws of the various jurisdictions, including the United States, to our international business activities, changes in tax rates, new or revised tax laws or interpretations of existing tax laws and policies, and our ability to operate our business in a manner consistent with our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for pricing intercompany transactions pursuant to our intercompany arrangements or disagree with our determinations as to the income and expenses attributable to specific jurisdictions. If such a challenge or disagreement were to occur, and our position was not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest, and penalties, which could result in one-time tax charges, higher effective tax rates, reduced cash flows and lower overall profitability of our operations. Our financial statements could fail to reflect adequate reserves to cover such a contingency. We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could negatively affect our operating results. Our sales contracts are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore, substantially all of our revenue is not subject to foreign currency risk. However, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar could increase the real cost of our platform to our customers outside of the United States, which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, an increasing portion of our operating expenses are incurred and an increasing portion of our assets are held outside the United States. These operating expenses and assets are denominated in foreign currencies and are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If we are not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, our operating results could be adversely affected. Our ability to use our net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations. As of January 31, 2023, we had federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards in the amount of $451.5 million. Beginning in 2030, $70.5 million of the federal NOLs will begin to expire. The remaining $381.0 million will carry forward indefinitely. As of January 31, 2023, we had state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards in the amount of $27.9 million, and $3.2 million, respectively, which begin to expire in 2028 and 2033, respectively. In 31 general, under Section 382 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change NOLs to offset future taxable income. If we undergo an ownership change, our ability to utilize NOLs could be limited by Section 382 of the Code. Future changes in our stock ownership, many of which are outside of our control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code. Furthermore, our ability to utilize NOLs of companies that we have acquired or may acquire in the future may be subject to limitations. Under current U.S. tax law, federal NOL carryforwards generated in tax years ending on or prior to December 31, 2017 are only permitted to be carried forward for 20 years. Federal NOL carryforwards generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such federal NOLs is limited to 80% of taxable income. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states have imposed or will impose similar limitations on the use of NOLs. For these reasons, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of the NOLs prior to expiration, even if we were to achieve profitability, which may adversely affect our results of operations. Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us or our customers may have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition, or results of operations. New tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be enacted at any time. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be interpreted differently, changed, repealed, or modified at any time. Any such enactment, interpretation, change, repeal, or modification could adversely affect us, possibly with retroactive effect. For instance, the recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act, or IRA, imposes, among other rules, a 15% minimum tax on the book income of certain large corporations and a 1% excise tax on certain corporate stock repurchases. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or TCJA, as amended by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act significantly reformed the Code by lowering U.S. federal corporate income tax rates, changing the utilization of future net operating loss carryforwards, permitting for the expensing of certain capital expenditures, eliminating the option to currently deduct research and development expenditures and requiring taxpayers to capitalize and amortize U.S.-based and non-U.S.-based research and development expenditures over five and fifteen years, respectively, and putting into effect significant changes to U.S. taxation of international business activities. The IRA, TCJA, or any future tax reform legislation could have a material impact on the value of our deferred tax assets, result in significant one-time charges, and increase our future tax expenses. Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported results of operations and financial condition and could affect the reporting of transactions already completed before the announcement of a change. If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could be adversely affected. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates and judgments used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include, but not limited to, those related to stock-based compensation expense, the fair value of the employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) expense, period of benefit for amortizing deferred contract costs, the determination of the allowance for credit losses, and the provision for income taxes, including related valuation allowance and uncertain tax positions, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, the incremental borrowing rate for lease liabilities, and estimates related to our revenue recognition, such as the assessment of performance obligations in our revenue arrangements 32 and the fair value assigned to each performance obligation. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our common stock. We may not be able to successfully manage the growth of our business if we are unable to improve our internal systems, processes, and controls. We need to continue to improve our internal systems, processes, and controls to effectively manage our operations and growth. We may not be able to successfully implement and scale improvements to our systems and processes in a timely or efficient manner or in a manner that does not negatively affect our operating results. In addition, our systems and processes may not prevent or detect all errors, omissions, or fraud. We may experience difficulties in managing improvements to our systems, processes, and controls in connection with the implementation of third-party software or otherwise, which could impair our ability to provide products to our customers in a timely manner, limit us to smaller deployments of our products, increase our technical support costs or cause us to be unable to timely and accurately report our financial results in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. We are also reliant upon highly skilled employees trained in the implementation and management of our internal controls, and a loss of these employees or our inability to replace them with similarly skilled and trained individuals in a timely manner could adversely impact our internal processes and control, which could harm our business. In addition, we may experience material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Our independent registered public accounting firm is required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and may, during the evaluation and testing process of our internal controls, identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, we rely on hardware and infrastructure purchased or leased from third parties and software licensed from third parties to operate critical business functions. Our business would be disrupted if any of this third- party hardware, software, and infrastructure becomes unavailable on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Furthermore, any errors or defects in third-party hardware, software, or infrastructure, or delays or complications with respect to the transition of critical business functions from one third-party product to another, could result in errors or a failure of our platform, which could harm our business and results of operations. Certain members of our management team have limited experience managing a public company. Certain members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and securities analysts, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. These obligations and constituents require significant attention from our management team and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We could incur substantial costs in protecting or defending our proprietary rights, and any failure to adequately protect such rights could impair our competitive position and result in the loss of valuable intellectual property rights, reduced revenue and costly litigation. Our success is dependent, in part, upon protecting our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secret laws, and contractual provisions in an effort to establish and protect our proprietary rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate. While we have been issued patents in the United States and have additional patent applications pending, we may be unable to obtain patent protection for the technology covered in our patent applications. In addition, any patents that are issued may not provide us with competitive advantages or may be successfully challenged by third parties. Any of our patents, trademarks, or other intellectual property rights may be challenged or circumvented by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. There can be no assurance that others will not independently develop similar products, duplicate any of our products, design around our patents, or register our trademarks. Furthermore, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our products 33 and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer, and disclosure of our products may be unenforceable under the laws of jurisdictions outside the United States. In addition, certain countries into which we might expand our business might require us, as examples, to do business through an entity that is partially owned by a local investor, to make available our technologies to state regulators, or to grant license rights to local partners in a manner not required by the jurisdictions in which we currently operate. As we expand our international activities, our exposure to reverse engineering of our technologies and unauthorized copying and use of our products and proprietary information, as well as unauthorized use of our trademarks, may increase. We enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and enter into confidentiality agreements with the parties with whom we have strategic relationships and business alliances. No assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to and distribution of our products and proprietary information or in avoiding misuse of proprietary information or intellectual property. Further, these agreements do not prevent our competitors or partners from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our platform. In order to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time consuming, and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our proprietary technology against unauthorized copying or use, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could impair or delay additional sales, renewals or customer adoption of our platform, impair the functionality of our platform, delay introductions of new products, result in our substituting inferior or more costly technologies into our platform, or injure our reputation. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Moreover, policing unauthorized use of our technologies, trade secrets, and intellectual property may be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States and where mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be weak. If we fail to meaningfully protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected. Any future litigation against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend. We have in the past and may in the future become subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, such as claims brought by our customers in connection with commercial disputes or employment claims made by our current or former employees. Litigation might result in substantial costs and may divert management’s attention and resources, which might seriously harm our business, overall financial condition, and operating results. Insurance might not cover such claims, might not provide sufficient payments to cover all the costs to resolve one or more such claims, and might not continue to be available on terms acceptable to us. A claim brought against us that is uninsured or underinsured could result in unanticipated costs, thereby reducing our operating results and leading analysts or potential investors to reduce their expectations of our performance, which could reduce the trading price of our stock. We have in the past, and may in the future be, subject to intellectual property disputes, which are costly and may subject us to significant liability and increased costs of doing business. We have in the past and may in the future become subject to intellectual property disputes. Lawsuits are time- consuming and expensive to resolve and they divert management’s time and attention. Although we carry various insurance policies, our insurance may not cover potential claims of this type or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. We cannot predict the outcome of lawsuits and cannot assure you that the results of any such actions will not have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition. 34 Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and other intellectual and proprietary rights. From time to time, we may be required to defend against litigation claims based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Our technologies may not be able to withstand any third-party claims against their use. In addition, many companies have the capability to dedicate substantially greater resources than we do to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend claims that may be brought against them. Any litigation may also involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners that have no relevant product revenue, and therefore, our patents may provide little or no deterrence as we would not be able to assert them against such entities or individuals. If a third party is able to obtain an injunction preventing us from accessing third-party intellectual property rights, or if we cannot license or develop alternative technology for any infringing aspect of our business, we would be forced to limit or stop sales of our software or cease business activities related to such intellectual property. Any inability to license third-party technology in the future would have an adverse effect on our business or operating results and would adversely affect our ability to compete. We may also be contractually obligated to indemnify our customers in the event of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property rights. Responding to such claims, regardless of their merit, can be time consuming, costly to defend, and damaging to our reputation and brand. We use open source software in our products, which could subject us to litigation or other actions. We use open source software in our products. From time to time, there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate it into their products. As a result, we could be subject to lawsuits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition, or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our products. In addition, although we employ open source software license screening measures, if we were to combine our proprietary software products with open source software in a certain manner we could, under certain open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software products. If we inappropriately use or incorporate open source software subject to certain types of open source licenses that challenge the proprietary nature of our products, we may be required to re- engineer such products, discontinue the sale of such products or take other remedial actions, each of which could reduce the value of our platform and technologies and materially and adversely affect our ability to sustain and grow our business. Indemnity provisions in various agreements potentially expose us to substantial liability for intellectual property infringement, data protection, and other losses. Our agreements with customers and other third parties may include indemnification provisions under which we agree to indemnify them for losses suffered or incurred as a result of claims of intellectual property infringement, inadequate data protection, damages caused by us to property or persons, or other liabilities relating to or arising from our platform or other contractual obligations. Some of these indemnity agreements provide for uncapped liability and some indemnity provisions survive termination or expiration of the applicable agreement. Large indemnity payments could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Although we normally contractually limit our liability with respect to such obligations, we may still incur substantial liability, and we may be required to cease use of certain functions of our platform or products as a result of any such claims. Any dispute with a customer with respect to such obligations could have adverse effects on our relationship with that customer and other existing or new customers, harming our business and results of operations. In addition, although we carry various insurance policies, our insurance may not be adequate to cover our indemnification obligations or to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed or otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages with respect to claims alleging compromises of customer data, and any such coverage may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, and similar laws, and non- compliance with such laws can subject us to criminal or civil liability and harm our business. We are subject to the FCPA, U.S. domestic bribery laws, the UK Bribery Act, and other anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws in the countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years and are interpreted broadly to generally prohibit companies, their 35 employees and their third-party intermediaries from authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or benefits to recipients in the public or private sector. As we increase our international sales and business and sales to the public sector, we may engage with business partners and third-party intermediaries to market our services and to obtain necessary permits, licenses, and other regulatory approvals. In addition, we or our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, partners, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot assure you that all of our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As we increase our international sales and business, our risks under these laws may increase. Detecting, investigating, and resolving actual or alleged violations of anti-corruption laws can require a significant diversion of time, resources, and attention from senior management. In addition, noncompliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, or anti-money laundering laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, enforcement actions, fines, damages, other civil or criminal penalties or injunctions, suspension or debarment from contracting with certain persons, reputational harm, adverse media coverage, and other collateral consequences. If any subpoenas or investigations are launched, or governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal proceeding, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a materially significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees. We are subject to evolving and increasingly stringent U.S. and foreign laws, regulations, rules, contractual obligations, policies and other legal obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; adverse publicity and reputational damage; loss of revenue or profits; loss of customers or sales; decrease the price of our common stock; and other adverse business consequences. In the ordinary course of business, we collect, receive, store, process, generate, use, transfer, disclose, make accessible, protect, secure, dispose of, transmit, and share sensitive, confidential, and proprietary information, including personal information, business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, and sensitive third-party data. Our data processing activities may subject us to numerous data privacy and security obligations, such as various domestic and foreign laws, regulations, guidance, industry standards, external and internal data privacy and security policies, contractual requirements, and other obligations relating to data privacy and security. In the United States, federal, state, and local governments have enacted numerous data privacy and security laws, including data breach notification laws, personal data privacy laws, consumer protection laws (e.g., Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act), and other similar laws (e.g., wiretapping laws). For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”) applies to personal information of consumers, business representatives, and employees, and requires businesses to provide specific disclosures in privacy notices and honor requests of California residents to exercise certain privacy rights. The CCPA provides for civil penalties of up to $7,500 per violation and allows litigants affected by certain data breaches to recover significant statutory damages. In addition, the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (“CPRA”) expands the CCPA’s requirements, including by adding a new right for individuals to correct their personal information and establishing a new regulatory agency to implement and enforce the law. Other states, such as Virginia, Colorado, Connecticut and Utah, have also passed comprehensive data privacy and security laws, and similar laws are being considered in several other states, as well as at the federal and local levels. These developments may further complicate compliance efforts, and increase legal risk and compliance costs for us and the third parties upon whom we rely. Additionally, several states and localities have enacted measures related to the use of AI and machine learning in products and services. 36 Outside the United States, an increasing number of foreign laws and regulations apply to data privacy and security. For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s GDPR (“UK GDPR”), and Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”) and Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (“CASL”) impose strict requirements for processing the personal information of individuals. For example, under the EU and UK GDPR, companies may face temporary or definitive bans on data processing and other corrective actions; fines of up to 20 million Euros (£17.5 million for the UK GDPR) or 4% of annual global revenue, whichever is greater; or private litigation related to processing of personal information brought by classes of data subjects or consumer protection organizations authorized at law to represent their interests. European legislative proposals and existing laws and regulations also apply to cookies and similar tracking technologies, electronic communications, and marketing. In the EU and the UK, regulators are increasingly focusing on compliance with requirements related to the online behavioral advertising ecosystem. It is anticipated that the ePrivacy Regulation and national implementing laws will replace the current national laws that implement the ePrivacy Directive that governs electronic communications. Compliance with these laws may require us to make significant operational changes, limit the effectiveness of our marketing activities, divert the attention of our technology personnel, adversely affect our margins, and subject us to liabilities. Furthermore, there is a proposed regulation in the EU related to artificial intelligence (“AI”) that, if adopted, could impose onerous obligations related to the use of AI-related systems that may require us to change our business practices. In the ordinary course of business, we may transfer personal information from Europe and other jurisdictions to the United States or other countries. Certain jurisdictions have enacted data localization laws and cross-border personal information transfer laws, which could make it more difficult to transfer information across jurisdictions (such as transferring or receiving personal information that originates in the EU). Existing mechanisms that may facilitate cross-border personal information transfers may change or be invalidated. For example, absent appropriate safeguards or other circumstances, the EU GDPR generally restricts the transfer of personal information to countries outside of the European Economic Area (“EEA”), such as the United States, which the European Commission does not consider as providing an adequate level of protection of personal information. The European Commission recently released a set of Standard Contractual Clauses (“SCCs”) that are designed to be a mechanism by which entities can transfer personal information out of the EEA. Currently, the SCCs are a valid mechanism to transfer personal information, but impose obligations onto parties relying on them such as to conduct transfer impact assessments to determine whether additional security measures are necessary to protect the transferred personal information. In addition, laws in the UK similarly restrict transfers of personal information outside of those jurisdictions. Although there are currently various mechanisms that may be used to transfer personal information from the EEA and UK to the United States in compliance with law, such as the EEA and UK’s standard contractual clauses, these mechanisms are subject to legal challenges, and there is no assurance that we can satisfy or rely on these measures to lawfully transfer personal information to the United States. If there is no lawful manner for us to transfer personal information to the United States or other countries, or we are unable to implement, such transfers because the requirements are too onerous, we may face increased exposure to regulatory actions, substantial fines, and injunctions against processing or transferring personal information from Europe and other countries, and we may be required to increase our data processing capabilities in Europe and other countries at significant expense. Inability to transfer personal information from Europe or other countries may decrease demand for our products and services if affected customers seek alternatives that do not involve such transfers. Additionally, companies that transfer personal information out of the EEA and UK to other jurisdictions, particularly to the United States, are subject to increased scrutiny from regulators, individual litigants, and activist groups. Some European regulators have ordered certain companies to suspend or permanently cease certain transfers out of Europe for allegedly violating the GDPR’s cross-border data transfer limitations. Other countries outside of Europe have enacted or are considering enacting similar cross-border data transfer restrictions and laws requiring local data residency and restricting cross-border data transfer, which could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services and operating our business. For example, Brazil’s LGPD and China’s PIPL broadly regulates the processing of personal information and impose compliance obligations and penalties comparable to those of the EU GDPR. In addition to our legal obligations, our contractual obligations relating to data privacy and security have become increasingly stringent due to changes in data privacy and security and the expansion of our service offerings. 37 Certain data privacy and security laws, such as the EU GDPR, the UK GDPR and the CCPA, require our customers to impose specific contractual restrictions on their service providers. We publish privacy policies, marketing materials and other statements regarding data privacy and security. If our policies, procedures, or measures relating to data privacy and security, marketing, or customer communications fail to comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, legal obligations, or industry standards, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, regulatory investigations, fines, penalties, and negative publicity, which could cause our application providers, customers and partners to lose trust in us, and have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Further, privacy advocates and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards that may apply to us. Because the interpretation and application of data privacy and security laws, regulations, rules, and other standards are still uncertain, it is possible that these laws, rules, regulations, and other actual or alleged legal obligations, such as contractual or self-regulatory obligations, may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data management practices or the functionality of our platform. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, lawsuits and other claims, we could be required to fundamentally change our business activities and practices or modify our products and services, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Obligations related to data privacy and security are quickly changing, becoming increasingly stringent, and creating regulatory uncertainty. Additionally, these obligations may be subject to differing applications and interpretations, which may be inconsistent or conflict among jurisdictions. Preparing for and complying with these obligations requires us to devote significant resources. These obligations may necessitate changes to our services, information technologies, systems, and practices and to those of any third parties that process personal information on our behalf. We may at times fail or be perceived to have failed in our efforts to comply with our data privacy and security obligations. Moreover, despite our efforts, our personnel or third parties on whom we rely may fail to comply with such obligations, which could negatively impact our business operations. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with laws, regulations, policies, legal, or contractual obligations, industry standards, or regulatory guidance relating to data privacy or security may result in governmental enforcement actions (e.g., investigations, fines, penalties, audits, inspections, restrictions or prohibitions on data processing imposed by EU data protection supervisory authorities, and similar); litigation (including class-action claims); and additional reporting requirements and/or oversight. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, or financial conditions, including but not limited to: loss of customers, interruptions or stoppages in our business operations, inability to process personal information or to operate in certain jurisdictions; limited ability to develop or commercialize our products and services; expenditure of time and resources to defend any claim or inquiry; adverse publicity; or substantial changes to our business model or operations. We may be forced to implement new measures to reduce our exposure to this liability. This may require us to expend substantial resources or to discontinue certain products, which would negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Future laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations or any changed interpretation of existing laws or regulations could impair our ability to develop and market new functionality and maintain and grow our customer base and increase revenue. Future restrictions on the collection, use, sharing, or disclosure of data or additional requirements for express or implied consent of our customers, partners, or end consumers for the use and disclosure of such information could require us to incur additional costs or modify our platform, possibly in a material manner, and could limit our ability to develop new functionality. Failure to comply with governmental laws and regulations could harm our business. Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local, and foreign governments. For example, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 restricts telemarketing and the use of automatic short message service (“SMS”) text messages without proper consent. The scope and interpretation of the laws that are or may be applicable to the delivery of text messages and other communications are continuously evolving and developing. If we do not comply with these laws or regulations or if we become liable under these laws or regulations due to the failure of our customers to comply with these laws by obtaining proper consent, we could face direct liability. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could also limit the features in our platform related to 38 SMS text messaging or other communications in various jurisdictions, result in loss of customers, and subject us to customer litigation or investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties, injunctions, or other collateral consequences. If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, reputation, results of operations, and financial condition. Increased government scrutiny of the technology industry could negatively affect our business. The technology industry is subject to intense media, political and regulatory scrutiny, which exposes us to government investigations, legal actions, and penalties. Various regulatory agencies, including competition, consumer protection, and privacy authorities, have active proceedings and investigations concerning multiple technology companies. Although we are not currently subject to any such investigations, if investigations targeted at other companies result in determinations that practices we follow are unlawful, including practices related to use of machine- and customer-generated data or AI, we could be required to change our products and services or alter our business operations, which could harm our business. Legislators and regulators also have proposed new laws and regulations intended to restrain the activities of technology companies. If such laws or regulations are enacted, they could have impacts on us, even if they are not intended to affect our company. In addition, the introduction of new products, expansion of our activities in certain jurisdictions, or other actions that we may take may subject us to additional laws, regulations, or other government scrutiny. The increased scrutiny of certain acquisitions in the technology industry also could affect our ability to enter into strategic transactions or to acquire other businesses. Compliance with new or modified laws and regulations could increase our cost of conducting the business, limit the opportunities to increase our revenue, or prevent us from offering products or services. We also could be harmed by government investigations, litigation, or changes in laws and regulations directed at our business partners, or suppliers in the technology industry that have the effect of limiting our ability to do business with those entities or that affect the services we can obtain from them. For example, the U.S. government recently has taken action against companies operating in China intended to limit their ability to do business in the U.S. or with U.S. companies. There can be no assurance that our business will not be materially adversely affected, individually or in the aggregate, by the outcomes of such investigations, litigation or changes to laws and regulations in the future. Our sales to government entities and highly regulated organizations are subject to a number of challenges and risks. We sell to U.S. federal, state, and local, as well as foreign, governmental agency customers, as well as to customers in highly regulated industries such as financial services, pharmaceuticals, insurance, healthcare, and life sciences. Sales to such entities are subject to a number of challenges and risks. Some such entities have industry-specific compliance requirements relating to certain security or regulatory standards, such as FedRAMP, that may be required to compete effectively. Working towards compliance with these standards can be expensive and time-consuming. If we cannot adequately comply with particular compliance requirements, our growth may be adversely impacted. Selling to such entities can also be highly competitive, expensive, and time-consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that these efforts will generate a sale. Government contracting requirements may change and in doing so restrict our ability to sell into the government sector until we have attained the revised certification. Government demand and payment for our offerings are affected by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for our offerings. Further, governmental and highly regulated entities may demand contract terms that differ from our standard arrangements and may require expensive and time- consuming compliance efforts. Such entities may have statutory, contractual, or other legal rights to terminate contracts with us or our partners due to a default or for other reasons. Any such termination may adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition. 39 We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets or subject us to liability if we violate the controls. Our platform is subject to U.S. export controls, including the Export Administration Regulations, and we incorporate encryption technology into certain of our products. These encryption products and the underlying technology may be exported outside of the United States only with the required export authorizations, including by license, a license exception, or other appropriate government authorizations, including the filing of an encryption classification request or self-classification report. Furthermore, our activities are subject to U.S. economic sanctions laws and regulations administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control that prohibit the shipment of most products and services to embargoed jurisdictions or sanctioned parties without the required export authorizations. Obtaining the necessary export license or other authorization for a particular sale may be time-consuming and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. We have had a limited export compliance program. While we have implemented additional precautions to prevent our products from being exported in violation of these laws, including obtaining authorizations for our encryption products and implementing IP address blocking and screenings against U.S. government and international lists of restricted and prohibited persons, we cannot guarantee that the precautions we take will prevent violations of export control or economic sanctions regulations. Violations of U.S. sanctions or export control regulations can result in significant fines or penalties and possible incarceration for responsible employees and managers. If our channel partners fail to obtain appropriate import, export, or re-export licenses or permits, we may also be adversely affected through reputational harm, as well as other negative consequences, including government investigations and penalties. Also, various countries, in addition to the United States, regulate the import and export of certain encryption and other technology, including import and export licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or could limit our end-customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries. Changes in our products or future changes in export and import regulations may create delays in the introduction of our platform in international markets, prevent our end-customers with international operations from deploying our platform globally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries, governments, or persons altogether. From time to time, various governmental agencies have proposed additional regulation of encryption technology, including the escrow and government recovery of private encryption keys. Any change in export or import regulations, economic sanctions or related legislation, increased export and import controls, or change in the countries, governments, persons, or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our platform by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential end-customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our platform or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products would adversely affect our business, operating results, and growth prospects. Servicing our debt may require a significant amount of cash. We may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our indebtedness, and we may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle for cash conversions of our convertible senior notes due 2025, or Notes, or to repurchase the Notes for cash upon a fundamental change, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In June 2020, we completed the private offering of Notes, issuing an aggregate principal amount of $287.5 million 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025. The interest rate is fixed at 1.25% per annum and is payable semi- annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on, or to refinance our indebtedness, including the Notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate cash flows from operations in the future that are sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flows, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt, or obtaining additional debt financing or equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance any future indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. In 40 addition, any of our future debt agreements may contain restrictive covenants that may prohibit us from adopting any of these alternatives. Holders of the Notes have the right to require us to repurchase their Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the Notes) at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. Upon conversion, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Notes being converted. We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases in connection with such conversion and our ability to pay may additionally be limited by law, by regulatory authority, or by agreements governing our existing and future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase the Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture governing the Notes or to pay any cash payable on future conversions as required by such indenture would constitute a default under such indenture. A default under the indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our existing and future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Notes or make cash payments upon conversions thereof. In addition, our indebtedness, combined with our other financial obligations and contractual commitments, could have other important consequences. For example, it could; • • • • make us more vulnerable to adverse changes in general U.S. and worldwide economic, industry, and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry; place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors who have less debt; limit our ability to borrow additional amounts for funding acquisitions, for working capital, and for other general corporate purposes; and • make an acquisition of our company less attractive or more difficult. Any of these factors could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, if we incur additional indebtedness, the risks related to our business and our ability to service or repay our indebtedness would increase. The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, holders of Notes will be entitled to convert the Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital. Transactions relating to our Notes may affect the value of our common stock. The conversion of some or all of the Notes would dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent we satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering shares of our common stock upon any conversion of such Notes. Our Notes may become in the future convertible at the option of their holders under certain circumstances. If holders of our Notes elect to convert their Notes, we may settle our conversion obligation by delivering to them a significant number of shares of our common stock, which would cause dilution to our existing stockholders. 41 In addition, in connection with the pricing of the Notes, we entered into the Capped Calls with certain financial institutions, or the Option Counterparties. The Capped Calls are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock upon any conversion or settlement of the Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. In connection with establishing their initial hedges of the Capped Calls, the Option Counterparties or their respective affiliates entered into various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock and/or purchased shares of our common stock concurrently with or shortly after the pricing of the Notes. From time to time, the Option Counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the Notes (and are likely to do so following any conversion of the Notes, any repurchase of the Notes by us on any fundamental change repurchase date, any redemption date, or any other date on which the Notes are retired by us, in each case, if we exercise our option to terminate the relevant portion of the Capped Calls). This activity could cause a decrease and/or increased volatility in the market price of our common stock. We do not make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any potential effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the Notes or our common stock. In addition, we do not make any representation that the Option Counterparties will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice. We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the Capped Calls. The Option Counterparties are financial institutions, and we will be subject to the risk that any or all of them might default under the Capped Calls. Our exposure to the credit risk of the Option Counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. Past global economic conditions have resulted in the actual or perceived failure or financial difficulties of many financial institutions. If an Option Counterparty becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under the Capped Calls with such Option Counterparty. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be correlated to an increase in the market price and in the volatility of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by an Option Counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our common stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of the Option Counterparties. We have acquired, and may in the future acquire, other businesses, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, or dilute stockholder value. As part of our business strategy, we have acquired, and may in the future acquire, other companies, employee teams, or technologies to complement or expand our products, obtain personnel, or otherwise grow our business. For example, in the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 we acquired Rundeck, a leading provider of DevOps automation for enterprise and in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, we acquired Catalytic, a provider of enterprise-wide process automation. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. We have limited experience making acquisitions. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve the anticipated benefits from such acquisitions, due to a number of factors, including: • • acquisition-related costs, liabilities, or tax impacts, some of which may be unanticipated; difficulty integrating and retaining the personnel, intellectual property, technology infrastructure, and operations of an acquired business; 42 • ineffective or inadequate, controls, procedures, or policies at an acquired business, including cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities; • multiple product lines or services offerings, as a result of our acquisitions, that are offered, priced, and supported differently; • • • • • potential unknown liabilities or risks associated with an acquired business, including those arising from existing contractual obligations or litigation matters; inability to maintain relationships with key customers, suppliers, and partners of an acquired business; lack of experience in new markets, products or technologies; diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns; and use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business. In addition, a significant portion of the purchase consideration of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill. We review goodwill for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to record impairment charges based on this assessment, which could adversely affect our results of operations. We may not be able to integrate acquired businesses successfully or effectively manage the combined company following an acquisition. If we fail to successfully integrate acquisitions, or the people or technologies associated with those acquisitions, the results of operations of the combined company could be adversely affected. Any integration process will require significant time, resources, and attention from management, and may disrupt the ordinary functioning of our business, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Any acquisition we complete could be viewed negatively by users, developers, partners, or investors, and could have adverse effects on our existing business relationships. In addition, we may not successfully evaluate or utilize acquired technology or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. We may have to pay a substantial portion of our available cash, incur debt, or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisitions, each of which could affect our financial condition or the value of our capital stock. The sale of equity to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our stockholders. If we incur more debt, it would result in increased fixed obligations and would also subject us to covenants or other restrictions that could impede our ability to flexibly operate our business. Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock Our stock price may be volatile, and the value of our common stock may decline. The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and may fluctuate or decline substantially as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: • • • • • actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results or financial condition; variance in our financial performance from expectations of securities analysts; changes in the pricing of subscriptions to our platform and products; changes in our projected operating and financial results; changes in laws or regulations applicable to our platform and products; 43 • • • • • • • announcements by us or our competitors of significant business developments, acquisitions, or new offerings; our involvement in litigation; future sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders, including our large stockholders, or perceptions that such sales might occur; changes in senior management or key personnel; the trading volume of our common stock; changes in the anticipated future size and growth rate of our market; and general economic and market conditions. Broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, regulatory, and market conditions, including the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of a general slowdown in the global economy, military conflicts and inflationary pressures, may also negatively impact the market price of our common stock. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future, which could result in substantial expenses and divert our management’s attention. Future sales of our common stock in the public market could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock. Under our investors’ rights agreement, certain stockholders can require us to register shares owned by them for public sale in the U.S. In addition, we filed a registration statement to register shares reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans. As a result, subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise and/or vesting periods, the shares issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options or upon settlement of outstanding RSU awards will be available for immediate resale in the U.S. in the open market. Furthermore, a substantial number of shares of our common stock is reserved for issuance upon the exercise of the Notes. If we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation on the Notes solely in shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Notes, we will be required to deliver the shares of our common stock, together with cash for any fractional share, on the second business day following the relevant conversion date. We may issue our shares of common stock or securities convertible into our common stock from time to time in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish unfavorable or inaccurate research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline. Our stock price and trading volume is heavily influenced by the way analysts and investors interpret our financial information and other disclosures. Further, the trading market for our common stock depends, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. A limited number of analysts are currently covering our company. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, downgrade our common stock, or publish negative reports about our business, our stock 44 price would likely decline. If the number of analysts that cover us declines, demand for our common stock could decrease and our common stock price and trading volume may decline. Even if our common stock is actively covered by analysts, we do not have any control over the analysts or the measures that analysts or investors may rely upon to forecast our future results. Over-reliance by analysts or investors on any particular metric to forecast our future results may result in forecasts that differ significantly from our own. Regardless of accuracy, unfavorable interpretations of our financial information and other public disclosures could have a negative impact on our stock price. If our financial performance fails to meet analyst estimates, for any of the reasons discussed above or otherwise, or one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock or change their opinion of our common stock, our stock price would likely decline. We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future and, as a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments. We may require additional capital to support the growth of our business, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. We have funded our operations since inception primarily through equity financings, debt financing, and sales of subscriptions to our products. We cannot be certain when or if our operations will generate sufficient cash to fully fund our ongoing operations or the growth of our business. We intend to continue to make investments to support our business, which may require us to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. Additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to us, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to invest in future growth opportunities, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. If we incur additional debt, the debt holders would have rights senior to holders of common stock to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any debt could restrict our operations. Furthermore, if we issue additional equity securities, stockholders will experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in the future will depend on numerous considerations, including factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of any future issuance of debt or equity securities. As a result, our stockholders bear the risk of future issuance of debt or equity securities reducing the value of our common stock and diluting their interests. Concentration of ownership of our common stock among our existing executive officers, directors, and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions. Our executive officers, directors and current beneficial owners of 5% or more of our common stock beneficially own a significant percentage of our outstanding common stock. These persons, acting together, will be able to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and any merger or other significant corporate transactions. The interests of this group of stockholders may not coincide with the interests of other stockholders. The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and distract our management, which could make it difficult to manage our business, especially now that we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” As a public company, we are required to comply with various regulatory and reporting requirements, including those required by the SEC. Complying with these reporting and other regulatory requirements is time- consuming and will continue to result in increased costs to us and could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes- Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, and other applicable securities rules and regulations that impose various requirements on public companies. As a result, we are required to devote significant management effort and incur additional 45 expenses, which include higher legal fees, accounting and related fees and fees associated with investor relations activities, among others, to ensure compliance with the various reporting requirements. These requirements may also place a strain on our systems and processes. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. To maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, we may need to commit significant resources, hire additional staff and provide additional management oversight. We have been and will be continuing to implement additional procedures and processes for the purpose of addressing the standards and requirements applicable to public companies. Sustaining our growth as a public company also requires us to commit additional management, operational and financial resources to identify new professionals to join our company and to maintain appropriate operational and financial systems to adequately support expansion. These activities may divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may continue to incur as a result of being a public company or the timing of such costs. If our internal control over financial reporting or our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, prevent fraud or file our periodic reports in a timely manner, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in our stock price. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation, document our controls and perform testing of our key control over financial reporting to allow management and our independent public accounting firm to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock would likely decline and we could be subject to lawsuits, sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, including SEC enforcement actions, and we could be required to restate our financial results, any of which would require additional financial and management resources. We continue to invest in more robust technology and in more resources in order to manage those reporting requirements. Implementing the appropriate changes to our internal controls may distract our officers and employees, result in substantial costs and require significant time to complete. Any difficulties or delays in implementing these controls could impact our ability to timely report our financial results. For these reasons, we may encounter difficulties in the timely and accurate reporting of our financial results, which would impact our ability to provide our investors with information in a timely manner. As a result, our investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and our stock price could decline. In addition, any such changes do not guarantee that we will be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy could prevent us from accurately reporting our financial results. We will continue to incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to compliance with our public company responsibilities and corporate governance practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to compliance with these requirements. Moreover, we will continue to incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses complying with these rules and regulations. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a public company or the specific timing of such costs. 46 We are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting, and any failure to maintain the adequacy of these internal controls may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock. We are required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment includes disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm is required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our compliance with these requirements will continue to require that we incur substantial accounting expenses and expend significant management efforts. During the evaluation and testing process of our internal controls, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to certify that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. We cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition or results of operations. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the New York Stock Exchange, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to the capital markets. Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock. Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that: • • • • • • • • authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, shares of undesignated preferred stock with terms, rights, and preferences determined by our board of directors that may be senior to our common stock; require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent; specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, the chairperson of our board of directors, or our chief executive officer; establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors; establish that our board of directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving three-year staggered terms; prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors; provide that our directors may be removed for cause only upon the vote of sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of our outstanding shares of common stock; provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum; and 47 • require the approval of our board of directors or the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of our outstanding shares of common stock to amend our bylaws and certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation. These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder. Any of the foregoing provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, and they could deter potential acquirers of our company, thereby reducing the likelihood that you would receive a premium for your shares of our common stock in an acquisition. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and, to the extent enforceable, the federal district courts of the United States of America as the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which restricts our stockholders’ ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law: • • • • any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of a fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or our amended and restated bylaws, or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The provisions do not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Although the Delaware Supreme Court recently held that such exclusive forum provisions are facially valid, courts in other jurisdictions may find such provisions to be unenforceable. These choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees. If a court were to find either choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties Our corporate headquarters is located in San Francisco, California, and consists of approximately 59,000 square feet of space under a lease that is expected to expire in 2025. We also have office locations in Atlanta, Georgia; Toronto, Canada; London, England; Sydney, Australia; Lisbon, Portugal; and Tokyo, Japan. Item 3. Legal Proceedings 48 From time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. We are not presently a party to any litigation the outcome of which, we believe, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows, or financial condition. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 49 Part II. Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information for Common Stock Our common stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “PD” since April 11, 2019. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock. Holders of Record As of January 31, 2023, we had 30 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. Dividend Policy We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions, and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Stock Performance Graph This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act. The following graph compares (i) the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock from April 11, 2019 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the NYSE through January 31, 2023 with (ii) the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor (S&P) 500 Index and S&P Software & Services Select Industry Index over the same period, assuming the investment of $100 in our common stock and in both of the other indices on April 11, 2019 and the reinvestment of dividends. The graph uses the closing market price on April 11, 2019 of $38.25 per share as the initial value of our common stock. As discussed above, we have never declared or paid a cash dividend on our common stock and do not anticipate declaring or paying a cash dividend in the foreseeable future. 50 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds None. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers None. Item 6. [Reserved] Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10- K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, adverse effects on our business and general economic conditions due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The last day of our fiscal year is January 31. Our fiscal quarters end on April 30, July 31, October 31 and January 31. In this section, we discuss the results of our operations for the year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the year ended January 31, 2022. For a discussion of the year ended January 31, 2022 compared to the year ended January 31, 2021, please refer to Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2022. Overview PagerDuty is a digital operations management platform that manages urgent and mission critical work for a modern, digital enterprise. We empower teams to respond rapidly to incidents to resolve or avoid customer issues, 51 reduce noise, predict and avoid performance degradation, improve productivity, and accelerate digital transformation. Today, nearly every business is a digital business. As such, organizations are under pressure to enhance their digital operations in order to meet escalating customer expectations, resolve incidents proactively and free-up time for innovation projects. This means critical, time sensitive, and unpredictable work needs to be detected and orchestrated. We collect data and digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device and leverage powerful machine learning to correlate, process, and predict opportunities and issues. Using incident response, event management, and automation, we bring together the right people with the right information so they can resolve issues and act on opportunities in minutes or seconds from wherever they are. Since our founding in 2009, we have expanded our capabilities from a single product focused on on-call management for developers to a multi-product platform that crosses silos into IT operations, security, customer service, and executive stakeholder roles across the organization. We have evolved from an on-call tool into the platform for digital operations, which resides at the center of a company’s technology ecosystem. We have spent more than a decade building deep product integrations to our platform, and our ecosystem now includes over 700 direct integrations to enable our customers to gather and correlate digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device. This allows technical teams to collect digital signals from any system or platform in their environment, and without the effects of context switching. Those same integrations connect with popular collaboration tools and business applications, as well as all types of technology stacks to drive automation of work. We generate revenue primarily from cloud-hosted subscription fees. We also generate revenue from term- license software subscription fees. We have a land-and-expand business model that leads to viral adoption of our products and subsequent expansion. Our online self-service model is the primary mechanism for landing new customers and enabling teams to get started without assistance. We complement our self-service model with high- velocity inside sales focused on small and medium businesses, a commercial team focused on mid-market customers, and a field sales team focused on enterprise customers. Our mid-market and enterprise customers account for the majority of our revenue today. These teams drive expansion to additional users, new use cases, and add-on products, as well as upsell to higher value plans. As of January 31, 2023, we had more than 15,200 paying customers globally, ranging from the most disruptive startups to established Fortune 100 companies across every industry including software and technology, telecommunications, retail, travel and hospitality, media and entertainment, and financial services. Our customers use our products across a broad range of use cases such as Engineering, IT Operations, Security, and Customer Service. Of these customers, 752 customers contribute annual recurring revenue (“ARR”) in excess of $100,000, and 50 customers contribute ARR in excess of $1,000,000. We define ARR as the annualized recurring value of all active contracts at the end of a reporting period. We define a customer as a separate legal entity, such as a company or an educational or government institution, that has an active subscription with us or one of our partners to access our platform. In situations where an organization has multiple subsidiaries or divisions, we treat the parent entity as the customer instead of treating each subsidiary or division as a separate customer. Our 10 largest customers represented approximately 9% of our revenue for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, and no single customer represented more than 10% of our revenue in the same period, highlighting the breadth of our customer base. We serve a vital role in our customers’ digital operations and grow with them as their needs expand. As such, we have developed a loyal customer base, with total ARR churn representing less than 5% of beginning ARR for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Our ARR churn rate represents lost revenue from customers that were no longer contributing revenue at the end of the current period but did contribute revenue in the equivalent prior year period. We generally bill monthly subscriptions monthly and subscriptions with terms of greater than one year annually in advance. We expand within our existing customer base by adding more users, creating additional use cases, and upselling higher priced packages and additional products. Once our platform is deployed, we typically see 52 significant expansion within our customer base. Our dollar-based net retention rate was 120% for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. We have an efficient operating model, which comes from a combination of our cloud-native architecture, optimal utilization of our third-party hosting providers, and prudent approach to headcount expansion. This has allowed us to achieve gross margin of over 80% for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Our strong gross margins allow us the flexibility to invest more in our platform and go-to market function while maintaining strong operating leverage on our path to profitability. Macroeconomic Environment Our business and financial performance may be subject to the effects of the worldwide macroeconomic conditions, including, but not limited to global inflation and the rise in interest rates, existing and new laws and regulations, recession or economic downturn globally or in the jurisdictions in which we do business, the COVID-19 pandemic, volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, and bank failures. For example, on March 10, 2023, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), took control and was appointed receiver of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). If other banks and financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our ability to access our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments may be threatened and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. We continuously monitor geopolitical conflicts around the world and their effects on our business. While we do not believe the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict will have a material impact on our business and results of operations, our business and results of operations could be materially impacted if the Russia-Ukraine conflict continues or worsens, leading to greater global economic disruptions and uncertainty. Our customers in Russia represented an immaterial portion of our net assets and total consolidated revenue both as of and for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Since its inception, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a variety of challenges to our day-to-day operations. Despite these challenges, we do not believe the pandemic has had a material, adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity or cash flows. While we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that COVID-19 and its continuing repercussions will have on our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows, we have implemented policies and practices that have enabled us to support critical operations and execute our strategy. As our offices have now reopened, we have incurred incremental expenses related to onsite services and related in-office costs. We will continue to monitor the direct and indirect impacts of these or similar circumstances on our business and financial results. For additional information on the potential impact of macroeconomic conditions on our business, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Recent Development On January 24, 2023, we announced that as part of our ongoing actions to drive efficient growth and expand operating margins, we were advancing global scaling initiatives designed to increase our capacity while improving our cost structure. The changes include reallocating certain roles and realigning teams to continue to improve operational resiliency and agility, and rationalizing our real estate footprint. The immediate impact is a 7% reduction in headcount, as some roles are eliminated and new roles created in high-talent, lower-cost geographies. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, the Company incurred costs associated with the restructuring plan of approximately $5.0 million in connection with the headcount reductions, primarily consisting of severance payments, notice pay (where applicable), employee benefits contributions and related costs. The majority of the restructuring charges have been incurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 and that the implementation of the headcount reductions, including cash payments, will be substantially complete by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2024. 53 Potential position eliminations are subject to legal requirements that vary by jurisdiction, which may extend this process beyond the first quarter of fiscal 2024 in certain cases. The charges that we expect to incur are subject to a number of assumptions, including legal requirements in various jurisdictions, and actual expenses may differ materially from the estimates disclosed above. Concurrent with our efficient growth strategy, we are considering real estate rationalization in line with the distributed nature of the workforce and a changed use of office facilities. We expect the majority of the real estate charges will be incurred in fiscal 2024. We may incur additional expenses not currently contemplated due to events associated with the restructuring. Refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Our recent restructuring, announced on January 24, 2023, may not result in anticipated savings or operational efficiencies, could result in total costs and expenses that are greater than expected, and could disrupt our business.” 54 Key Factors Affecting Our Performance Attracting New Customers Sustaining our growth requires continued adoption of our platform by new customers. We will continue to invest in building brand awareness as we further penetrate our addressable markets. Our financial performance will depend in large part on the overall demand for our platform, particularly demand from mid-market and enterprise customers, and our ability to meet the evolving needs of our customers. As of January 31, 2023, we had over 15,200 paying customers spanning organizations of a broad range of sizes and industries, compared to over 14,500 as of January 31, 2022. Expanding Within our Customer Base The majority of our revenue is generated from our existing customer base. Often our customers expand the deployment of our platform across large teams and more broadly within the enterprise as they realize the benefits of our platform. We believe that our land and expand business model allows us to efficiently increase revenue from our existing customer base. Further, we will continue to invest in enhancing awareness of our brand, creating additional use cases, and developing more products, features, and functionality, which we believe are important factors to achieve widespread adoption of our platform. Sustaining Product Innovation and Technology Leadership Our success is dependent on our ability to sustain product innovation and technology leadership in order to maintain our competitive advantage. We believe that we have built highly differentiated platform that will position us to further extend the adoption of our products. While sales of subscriptions to our Incident Response product account for a significant majority of our revenue, we intend to continue to invest in building additional products, features, and functionality that expand our capabilities and facilitate the extension of our platform to new use cases. Our future success is dependent on our ability to successfully develop, market, and sell these additional products to both new and existing customers. Continued Investment in Growth We plan to continue investing in our business so we can capitalize on our market opportunity. We intend to grow our sales team to target expansion within our mid-market and enterprise customers and to attract new customers. We expect to continue to make focused investments in marketing to drive brand awareness and enhance the effectiveness of our self-service, low friction customer acquisition model. We also intend to continue to add headcount to our research and development team to develop new and improved products, features, and functionality. Although these investments may adversely affect our operating results in the near term, we believe that they will contribute to our long-term growth. Key Business Metrics We review the following key business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be a reasonable representation of our customer base for the applicable period of measurement, we rely on a third party to validate legal entities, which uses the best available data at period end, and therefore is subject to change as new information becomes available. In addition, we are continually seeking to improve our methodology, which may result in future changes to our key metrics. Our key metrics include the results of Rundeck and Catalytic, to the extent applicable, beginning on the acquisition dates of October 1, 2020 and March 8, 2022, respectively. Number of Customers We believe that the number of customers using our platform, particularly those that have subscription agreements for more than $100,000 in ARR, are indicators of our market penetration, particularly within enterprise 55 accounts, the growth of our business, and our potential future business opportunities. Increasing awareness of our platform and its broad range of capabilities, coupled with the fact that the world is always on and powered by increasingly complex technology, has expanded the diversity of our customer base to include organizations of all sizes across virtually all industries. Over time, enterprise and mid-market customers have constituted a greater share of our revenue. Customers Customers greater than $100,000 in ARR Dollar-based Net Retention Rate As of January 31, 2023 2022 2021 15,244 752 14,865 594 13,837 426 We use dollar-based net retention rate to evaluate the long-term value of our customer relationships, since this metric reflects our ability to retain and expand the ARR from our existing customers. Our dollar-based net retention rate compares our ARR from the same set of customers across comparable periods. We calculate dollar-based net retention rate as of a period end by starting with the ARR from the cohort of all customers as of 12 months prior to such period end, or Prior Period ARR. We then calculate the ARR from these same customers as of the current period end, or Current Period ARR. Current Period ARR includes any expansion and is net of downgrades or churn over the last 12 months but excludes ARR from new customers in the current period. We then divide the total Current Period ARR by the total Prior Period ARR to arrive at the dollar-based net retention rate. The calculation of dollar-based net retention rate for the year ended January 31, 2023 includes the Current Period ARR of Catalytic customers to the extent that they were PagerDuty customers as of 12 months prior to period end. The calculation of dollar-based net retention rate for the year ended January 31, 2021 includes the Current Period ARR of Rundeck customers to the extent that they were PagerDuty customers as of 12 months prior to period end. Dollar-based net retention rate for all customers 120 % 124 % 121 % Last 12 Months Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 Components of Results of Operations Revenue We generate revenue primarily from cloud-hosted software subscription fees with the majority of our revenue from such arrangements. We also generate revenue from term-license software subscription fees. Our subscriptions are typically one year in duration but can range from monthly to multi-year. Subscription fees are driven primarily by the number of customers, the number of users per customer, and the level of subscription purchased. We generally invoice customers in advance in annual installments for subscriptions to our software. Revenue related to our cloud-hosted software subscriptions is recognized ratably over the related contractual term beginning on the date that our platform is made available to a customer. For our term-license software subscriptions, we recognize license revenue upon delivery and software maintenance revenue ratably, typically beginning on the start of the contractual term of the arrangement. Due to the low complexity of implementation and integration of our platform with our customers’ existing infrastructure, revenue from professional services has been immaterial to date. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue primarily consists of expenses related to providing our platform to customers, including personnel expenses for operations and global support, payments to our third-party cloud infrastructure providers for hosting our software, payment processing fees, amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs, amortization 56 of acquired developed technology, and allocated overhead costs for facilities, information technology, and other allocated overhead costs. We will continue to invest additional resources in our platform infrastructure and our customer support and success organizations to expand the capability of our platform and ensure that our customers are realizing the full benefit of our offerings. The level and timing of investment in these areas could affect our cost of revenue in the future. Gross Profit and Gross Margin Gross profit represents revenue less cost of revenue. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenue. Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period as our revenue fluctuates, and as a result of the timing and amount of investments to expand the capacity of our third-party cloud infrastructure providers and our continued efforts to enhance our platform support and customer success teams. Operating Expenses Our operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. Personnel expenses are the most significant component of operating expenses and consist of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation expense, and sales commissions. Operating expenses also include amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, allocated overhead costs for facilities, shared IT related expenses, including depreciation expense, and certain company-wide events and functions. Research and development Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our engineering, product, and design teams. Additionally, research and development expenses include contractor fees, depreciation of equipment used in research and development activities, acquisition-related expenses, and allocated overhead costs. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase in dollar value as our business grows. Sales and marketing Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, costs of general marketing activities and promotional activities, travel related expenses, amortization of acquired intangible assets, allocated overhead costs, and bad debt expense. Sales commissions earned by our sales force that are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a subscription with a customer are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be four years. We expect that our sales and marketing expenses will increase in dollar value and continue to be our largest operating expense for the foreseeable future as we expand our sales and marketing efforts. General and administrative General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and contractor fees for finance, legal, human resources, information technology, and other administrative functions. In addition, general and administrative expenses include non-personnel costs, such as legal, accounting, and other professional fees, hardware and software costs, certain tax, license and insurance-related expenses, acquisition-related expenses, and allocated overhead costs. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in dollar value as our business grows. However, we expect that our general and administrative expenses will decrease as a percentage of our revenue over the longer term as we expect our investments to allow for improved efficiency for future growth in the business. Interest Income Interest income consists of income earned on our cash and cash equivalents and interest earned on our short- term investments which consist of U.S. Treasury securities, commercial paper, corporate debt securities, and U.S. Government agency securities. Interest Expense 57 Interest expense consists primarily of contractual interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs on our 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes (the “Notes”) due 2025. Refer to Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements” for additional details. Other (Expense) Income, Net Other (expense) income, net primarily consists of accretion income and amortization expense on our available-for-sale investments and foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Benefit from (Provision for) Income Taxes Benefit from (provision for) income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our net federal and state deferred tax assets as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized for all years presented. (Provision for) benefit from income taxes also includes the benefit associated with the reduction in our valuation allowance from the increase in the deferred tax liability associated with acquired intangible assets from our acquisitions. Results of Operations The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated: Revenue Cost of revenue(1) Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development(1) Sales and marketing(1) General and administrative(1) Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest income Interest expense Other expense, net Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) $ 370,793 $ 281,396 $ 70,434 300,359 134,876 195,622 99,238 429,736 48,361 233,035 95,690 161,624 77,432 334,746 213,556 30,686 182,870 64,566 122,155 62,431 249,152 (129,377) (101,711) (66,282) 4,765 (5,433) (19) 2,946 (5,398) (2,757) 4,232 (9,965) (794) (72,809) 3,906 Loss before benefit from (provision for) income taxes (130,064) (106,920) Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 839 (535) Net loss Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. ______________ $ $ (129,225) $ (107,455) $ (68,903) (802) — — (128,423) $ (107,455) $ (68,903) 58 (1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows: Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing(1) General and administrative Total ______________ 2023 Year Ended January 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) $ $ 6,827 $ 39,012 29,804 34,264 109,907 $ 3,751 $ 23,764 19,012 23,506 70,033 $ 1,702 11,095 14,733 15,701 43,231 (1) Stock-based compensation expense above includes a one-time stock-based compensation expense of $3.1 million related to the modification of certain stock option awards in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue: Revenue Cost of revenue Gross margin Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest income Interest expense Other expense, net Loss before benefit from (provision for) income taxes Benefit from (provision for) income taxes Net loss Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. ______________ Note: Certain figures may not sum due to rounding. Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 100 % 100 % 100 % 19 81 36 53 27 116 (35) 1 (1) — (35) — 17 83 34 57 28 119 (36) 1 (2) (1) (38) — 14 86 30 57 29 117 (31) 2 (5) — (34) 2 (35) % — % (34.6) % (38) % — % (38.2) % (32) % — % (32.3) % 59 Comparison of the Years Ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 Revenue Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Revenue $ 370,793 $ 281,396 $ 89,397 32 % Revenue increased by $89.4 million, or 32%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. The increase in revenue was attributable to a combination of growth from both new and existing customers. Growth from existing customers was attributable to both increases in the number of users and upsell of additional products and services. Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin Cost of revenue Gross margin Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) $ 70,434 $ 48,361 $ 22,073 46 % 81 % 83 % Cost of revenue increased by $22.1 million, or 46%, primarily due to an increase of $7.4 million in personnel expenses as a result of increased headcount and salaries, an increase of $6.3 million in amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions, increases of $4.2 million in hosting, software, and telecom costs and $1.4 million in allocated overhead costs, both of which were to support the continued growth of the business and related infrastructure, and an increase of $1.1 million in other expenses, primarily related to merchant fees. Research and Development Research and development Percentage of revenue Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) $ 134,876 $ 95,690 $ 39,186 41 % 36 % 34 % Research and development expenses increased by $39.2 million, or 41%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 and increased as a percentage of revenue. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in personnel expenses of $33.1 million as a result of increased headcount and salaries to support our continued investment in our platform and restructuring costs, an increase of $5.1 million in costs to support the continued growth of the business and related infrastructure, which included allocated overhead costs, and an increase of $1.0 million in travel related costs as a result of increased travel due to reduced travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing Percentage of revenue Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) $ 195,622 $ 161,624 $ 33,998 21 % 53 % 57 % 60 Sales and marketing expenses increased by $34.0 million, or 21%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 and decreased as a percentage of revenue. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $26.8 million in personnel expenses driven by headcount growth, increased salaries, restructuring costs, and amortization of deferred contract costs, an increase of $4.8 million in costs to support the continued growth of the business and related infrastructure, which includes allocated overhead costs, an increase of $4.2 million in travel expenses as a result of increased travel due to reduced travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by a decrease of $1.5 million in outside services and a decrease of $0.8 million in marketing costs due to decreases in brand campaigns and digital marketing. General and Administrative General and administrative Percentage of revenue Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) $ 99,238 $ 77,432 $ 21,806 28 % 27 % 28 % General and administrative expenses increased by $21.8 million, or 28%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 and decreased as a percentage of revenue. The increase was driven by an increase of $18.1 million in personnel expenses as a result of increased headcount, increased salaries, and restructuring costs, an increase of $1.3 million in travel expenses as a result of increased travel due to reduced travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase of $0.9 million in costs to support the business and related infrastructure which includes allocated overhead costs. Interest Expense Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Interest expense $ (5,433) $ (5,398) $ (35) 1 % Interest expense was consistent for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 and was related to contractual interest and amortization of debt issuance costs for the Notes. Interest Income and Other Expense, Net Interest income Other expense, net Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) $ $ 4,765 $ (19) $ 2,946 $ (2,757) $ 1,819 2,738 62 % (99) % Interest income increased by $1.8 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, primarily due to favorable interest rates on our cash, cash equivalent and investment balances in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Other expense, net decreased by $2.7 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, primarily due to higher accretion income on our cash, cash equivalent and investment balances. Non-GAAP Financial Measures In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the below referenced non-GAAP financial information, collectively, to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting 61 purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance and assists in comparisons with other companies, some of which use similar non-GAAP financial information to supplement their U.S. GAAP results. The non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and may be different from similarly-titled non-GAAP measures used by other companies. The principal limitation of these non-GAAP financial measures is that they exclude significant expenses that are required by U.S. GAAP to be recorded in our financial statements. In addition, they are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgment by our management about which expenses are excluded or included in determining these non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation is provided below for each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Gross Margin We define non-GAAP gross profit as gross profit adjusted for stock-based compensation expense and related employer taxes, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and restructuring costs. We define non-GAAP gross margin as non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of revenue. Gross profit Add: Stock-based compensation Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions Amortization of acquired intangible assets Restructuring costs Non-GAAP gross profit Gross margin Non-GAAP gross margin Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (dollars in thousands) $ 300,359 $ 233,035 $ 182,870 6,827 163 7,401 357 3,751 131 1,120 — 1,702 54 373 — $ 315,107 $ 238,037 $ 184,999 81 % 85 % 83 % 85 % 86 % 87 % Non-GAAP Operating Income (Loss) and Non-GAAP Operating Margin We define non-GAAP operating income (loss) as loss from operations excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, which include transaction costs, acquisition-related retention payments, which are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a given period, and restructuring costs. We define non- GAAP operating margin as non-GAAP operating income (loss) as a percentage of revenue. 62 Loss from operations Add: Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (dollars in thousands) $ (129,377) $ (101,711) $ (66,282) Stock-based compensation(1) Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions Amortization of acquired intangible assets Acquisition-related expenses Restructuring costs Non-GAAP operating income (loss) $ 109,907 3,096 10,237 4,559 5,035 3,457 70,033 3,017 3,500 2,108 — 43,231 1,609 1,167 2,437 — $ (23,053) $ (17,838) Operating margin Non-GAAP operating margin ______________ (35) % 1 % (36) % (8) % (31) % (8) % (1) Stock-based compensation expense above includes a one-time stock-based compensation expense of $3.1 million related to the modification of certain stock option awards in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) Attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. We define non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. as net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of debt issuance costs, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, which include transaction costs and acquisition-related retention payments, which are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a given period, restructuring costs, and the associated tax impact of these items, where applicable. Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. $ (128,423) $ (107,455) $ (68,903) Add (Less): Stock-based compensation(1) Amortization of debt issuance costs(2) Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions Amortization of acquired intangibles assets Acquisition-related expenses Restructuring costs Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments 109,907 1,839 3,096 10,237 4,559 5,035 (2,556) 70,033 1,805 3,017 3,500 2,108 — — Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. $ 3,694 $ (26,992) $ ______________ 43,231 7,808 1,609 1,167 2,437 — (5,017) (17,668) (1) Stock-based compensation expense above includes a one-time stock-based compensation expense of $3.1 million related to the modification of certain stock option awards in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. (2) During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, we early adopted ASU 2020-06 which resulted in the elimination of amortization of debt discount on the convertible senior notes from February 1, 2021. 63 Free Cash Flow We define free cash flow as net cash (used in) provided by operating activities, less cash used for purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of internal-use software costs. In addition to the reasons stated above, we believe that free cash flow is useful to investors as a liquidity measure because it measures our ability to generate or use cash in excess of our capital investments in property and equipment in order to enhance the strength of our balance sheet and further invest in our business and potential strategic initiatives. A limitation of the utility of free cash flow as a measure of our liquidity is that it does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for the period. We use free cash flow in conjunction with traditional U.S. GAAP measures as part of our overall assessment of our liquidity, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts and to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies, and to assess its liquidity. There are a number of limitations related to the use of free cash flow as compared to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, including that free cash flow includes capital expenditures, the benefits of which are realized in periods subsequent to those when expenditures are made. Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 16,980 $ (6,021) $ 10,095 Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Less: Purchases of property and equipment Capitalization of internal-use software costs Free cash flow Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities Liquidity and Capital Resources (4,637) (3,836) (3,457) (3,353) $ $ $ 8,507 $ (12,831) $ (86,165) $ 17,376 $ (6,413) $ (736) $ (4,038) (810) 5,247 (49,320) 254,367 Since inception, we have financed operations primarily through sales of our cloud-hosted software subscriptions, net proceeds we have received from sales of equity securities, and the issuance of our Notes. On April 15, 2019, upon the closing of our IPO, we received net proceeds of $213.7 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $16.6 million and other issuance costs of $6.4 million. On June 25, 2020, we issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The total net proceeds from the sale of the Notes, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and debt issuance costs of $9.3 million, and purchases of the Capped Calls of $35.7 million, were $242.5 million. As of January 31, 2023, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents and investments totaling $477.0 million. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, investments and cash provided by sales of our subscriptions will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. We believe we will meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations, through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and available cash and short-term investment balances. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the effects of the worldwide macroeconomic conditions, including but not limited to, global inflation and the rise in interest rates, existing and new laws and regulations, recession or economic downturn globally or in the jurisdictions in which we do business, ongoing geopolitical conflict in Ukraine and other areas of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic, volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, our subscription growth rate, subscription renewal activity, including the timing and the amount of cash received from customers, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced product offerings, and the continuing market adoption of our platform. We may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in 64 complementary businesses, services, and technologies. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that we require additional financing, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in continued innovation, we may not be able to compete successfully, which would harm our business, operations, and financial condition. A significant majority of our customers pay in advance for our cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions. Therefore, a substantial source of our cash is from our deferred revenue, which is included in the liabilities section of our consolidated balance sheet. Deferred revenue consists of the unearned portion of customer billings, which is recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. As of January 31, 2023, we had deferred revenue of $209.1 million, of which $204.1 million was recorded as a current liability and expected to be recorded as revenue in the next 12 months, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. Cash Flows The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented: Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities Operating Activities 2023 Year Ended January 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2021 $ $ $ 16,980 $ (6,021) $ 10,095 (86,165) $ 17,376 $ (49,320) (6,413) $ (736) $ 254,367 Our largest source of operating cash is cash collection from sales of our cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions to our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for personnel expenses, marketing expenses and hosting and software expenses. In the last several years, we have had periods in which we generated negative cash flows from operating activities and have supplemented working capital requirements through net proceeds from both private and public sales of equity securities and issuance of the Notes. Cash provided by operating activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 of $17.0 million primarily related to our net loss of $129.2 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $153.0 million and net cash outflows of $6.8 million due to changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock- based compensation of $109.9 million, amortization of our deferred contract costs of $19.2 million, depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, capitalized implementation costs, and acquired intangible assets of $17.4 million, noncash lease expense of $4.1 million, amortization of debt issuance costs of $1.8 million, other charges of $1.8 million, which consist primarily of acquisition-related asset impairment and bad debt expense, and a tax benefit related to release of valuation allowance of $1.3 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities reflected cash outflows from a $22.8 million increase in deferred contract costs due to commissions paid on new bookings, a $16.6 million increase in accounts receivable due to a combination of timing of cash collections and growth in billings, payments for operating lease liabilities of $5.8 million, a $2.9 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities and a $2.8 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets related to timing of payments made in advance for future services. These amounts were partially offset by cash outflows from a $38.0 million increase in deferred revenue resulting from increased billings for subscriptions, and a $6.1 million increase in accrued compensation primarily due to increased headcount and restructuring charges. Cash used in operating activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 of $6.0 million primarily related to our net loss of $107.5 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $103.4 million and net cash outflows of $1.9 million due to changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $70.0 million, amortization of our deferred contract costs of $14.9 million, depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized implementation costs of $8.4 million, noncash lease expense of $4.5 million, other charges relating to accretion of our investments and bad debt expense of $3.8 million, and amortization of debt issuance costs of $1.8 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities reflected cash 65 outflows from a $26.2 million increase in deferred contract costs due to commissions paid on new bookings, a $21.6 million increase in accounts receivable due a combination of timing of cash collections and a growth in billings, and payments for operating lease liabilities of $5.3 million. These amounts were partially offset by cash outflows from a $40.3 million increase in deferred revenue resulting from increased billings for subscriptions, a $6.8 million increase in accrued compensation primarily due to increased headcount, a $2.8 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities and a $1.3 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets related to timing of payments made in advance for future services. Cash provided by operating activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 of $10.1 million primarily related to our net loss of $68.9 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $74.2 million and net cash inflows of $4.8 million due to changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $43.2 million, amortization of our deferred contract costs of $11.0 million, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs of $7.8 million, depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized implementation costs of $5.3 million, and noncash lease expense of $4.4 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities reflected cash inflows from a $34.7 million increase in deferred revenue, resulting from increased billings for subscriptions, an $11.2 million increase in accrued compensation primarily due to increased headcount, and a $0.5 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities. These amounts were partially offset by a $17.6 million increase in accounts receivable due to a combination of timing of cash collections and a growth in billings, a $16.9 million increase in deferred contract costs due to commissions paid on new bookings, payments for operating lease liabilities of $4.1 million, and an increase of $2.0 million in prepaid expenses and other assets related to timing of payments made in advance for future services. Investing Activities Cash used in investing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 of $86.2 million consisted of purchases of investments of $212.2 million, cash paid for the Catalytic acquisition, net of cash acquired, of $66.3 million, purchases of property and equipment of $4.6 million primarily for purchases of computers for new employees and to support new international office space, capitalization of internal use software costs of $3.8 million, and cash paid for an asset acquisition of $1.8 million, partially offset by proceeds from maturities of investments of $202.6 million. Cash provided by investing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 of $17.4 million consisted of proceeds from maturities of investments of $221.4 million, offset by purchases of investments of $197.1 million, capitalization of internal use software costs of $3.4 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $3.5 million primarily for purchases of computers for new employees and to support office space for our San Francisco office. Cash used in investing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 of $49.3 million consisted of purchases of investments of $222.0 million, cash paid for the Rundeck acquisition, net of cash acquired of $49.7 million, purchases of property and equipment of $4.0 million primarily to support additional office space for our San Francisco and Atlanta offices and purchases of computers for new employees, and capitalization of internal use software costs of $0.8 million. These costs were partially offset by proceeds from maturities and sales of investments of $227.2 million. Financing Activities Cash used in financing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 of $6.4 million consisted primarily of $28.7 million in employee payroll taxes related to vesting of restricted stock units, partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $10.5 million, proceeds from our ESPP of $9.9 million, and $1.9 million of cash received from the non-controlling shareholder of PagerDuty K.K. Cash used in financing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 of $0.7 million consisted primarily of $23.6 million in employee payroll taxes related to vesting of restricted stock units, partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $15.1 million and proceeds from our ESPP of $7.7 million. Cash provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 of $254.4 million consisted primarily of net proceeds of $278.2 million related to the issuance of the Notes, proceeds from the exercise of stock 66 options of $14.1 million, and proceeds from our ESPP of $6.0 million. This was partially offset by purchases of the Capped Calls of $35.7 million and $8.2 million in employee payroll taxes related to vesting of restricted stock units. Contractual Obligations and Commitments Our estimated future obligations consist of purchase commitments, principal and interest payments related to the Notes, and payments for our leases. As of January 31, 2023, we had non-cancellable purchase commitments with certain service providers totaling approximately $61.3 million, principal and interest payments in conjunction with the Notes of $296.5 million, and lease payments of $20.0 million. Refer to Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies” for additional information. Indemnification Agreements In the ordinary course of business, we may agree to indemnify customers, vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, services to be provided by us, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As permitted under Delaware law, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain officers and employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers, or employees. No demands have been made upon us to provide indemnification under such agreements, and there are no claims that we are aware of that could have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, or consolidated statements of cash flows. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows will be affected. We believe that the accounting policies described below involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Revenue Recognition We generate revenue primarily from cloud-hosted subscription fees with the majority of our revenue from such arrangements. We also generate revenue from term license software subscription fees. Our cloud-hosted software subscription arrangements do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based products and, as a result, are accounted for as service arrangements. Revenue is recognized when control of these services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Subscription revenue excludes sales and other indirect taxes. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps: • • • • • Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer. Identification of the performance obligations in the contract. Determination of the transaction price. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract. Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. 67 Cloud-hosted software subscriptions The majority of our cloud-hosted software subscriptions allow customers to use our cloud-hosted software over the contract period without taking possession of the software. Our cloud-hosted software subscription agreements generally have monthly or annual contractual terms. Revenue related to our cloud-hosted software subscriptions is recognized ratably over the related contractual term beginning on the date that our platform is made available to a customer. Access to the platform represents a series of distinct services as we continually provide access to, and fulfill our obligation to, the end customer over the subscription term. The series of distinct services represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. We recognize revenue ratably because the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the platform throughout the contract period. Term-license software subscriptions Our on-premise software subscriptions are primarily term (or time-based) license subscriptions to our platform, which include both open source and proprietary software as well as support, patches, and the right to receive unspecified software updates and upgrades released when and if available during the subscription. Our term- license software subscription agreements generally have annual contractual terms. We account for the license to the software and support as two separate performance obligations. As the open source software is publicly available at no cost to the customer, we have determined that there is no value to be assigned to the open source software in our term-license software subscription arrangements. The proprietary software license represents a promise to provide a license to use functional intellectual property that is recognized at a point in time on the date access to the software is made available to the customer and the term-license software subscription period has begun. We have concluded the support is a stand-ready performance obligation that consists of a series of distinct services that are satisfied ratably over time as the services are provided. We use a time-based output method to measure progress because our efforts are expended evenly throughout the period given the nature of the promise is a stand-ready service. We recognize support revenue ratably, typically beginning on the start of the contractual term of the arrangement. Cloud-hosted and term license software subscriptions In order to determine the stand-alone selling price, we conduct a periodic analysis that requires judgment and considers multiple factors that are reasonably available and maximizes the use of observable inputs that may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each performance obligation. To have observable inputs, we require that a substantial majority of the stand-alone selling prices for a product offering fall within a pricing range. If a directly observable stand-alone selling price does not exist, we estimate a stand-alone selling price range by reviewing external and internal market factor categories, which may include pricing practices, historical discounting, industry practices, service groups, and geographic considerations. We believe that these analyses result in an estimate that approximates the price we would charge for the performance obligations if they were sold separately. Our cloud-hosted and term-license software subscription arrangements are generally non-cancellable and do not contain refund provisions. We bill for monthly cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions on a monthly basis and annually in advance for arrangements with terms of one year or more. The price of the cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions is generally fixed at contract inception and therefore, our contracts do not contain a significant amount of variable consideration. As a result, the amount of revenue recognized in the periods presented from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods due to changes in the transaction price was not material. Subscription revenue excludes sales and other indirect taxes. Deferred Contract Costs Deferred contract costs include sales commissions earned by our sales force which are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit, determined to be four years. Significant judgment is required in arriving at this period of benefit. We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration our customer contracts, technology, and other factors. Amounts anticipated to be recognized within 68 one year of the balance sheet date are recorded as deferred contract costs, current, with the remaining portion recorded as deferred contract costs, noncurrent, on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense of deferred contract costs is recorded as sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Business Combinations and Valuation of Goodwill and Intangible Assets We apply the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under this method of accounting, all assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the date of the acquisition. We allocate the purchase consideration to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates can include, but are not limited to, the cash flows that an asset is expected to generate in the future, the appropriate weighted-average cost of capital, and the cost savings expected to be derived from acquiring an asset. These estimates are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate or a significant decrease in expected cash flows. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at the consolidated level, as we operate as a single reporting unit. Acquired intangible assets consist of identifiable intangible assets, including developed technology, customer relationships, and tradename, resulting from our acquisition. Acquired intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and amortized over their estimated useful lives. The carrying amounts of our acquired intangible assets are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated. Stock-Based Compensation We recognize compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”), based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We estimate the fair value of stock options issued to employees on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is impacted by the estimated fair value of our common stock, as well as certain assumptions including the expected volatility over the term of the option awards, the expected term of the awards, risk-free interest rates and the expected dividend yield. Assumptions and estimates used in the determination of the fair value of stock options include expected volatility, expected term, risk-free rate, and expected dividend yield. We estimate the fair value of RSUs and PSUs at its stock price on the grant date. We estimate the fair value of shares to be issued under the employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) on the first day of the offering period using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which is impacted by the estimated fair value of our common stock, as well as certain assumptions including the expected volatility over the term of the offering period, the expected term of the awards, risk-free interest rates and the expected dividend yield. Assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of the ESPP are the same as those used in the determination of the fair value of our stock options. We generally recognize compensation expense for employee stock-based payment awards on a straight-line basis over the period during which an award recipient is required to provide services in exchange for the award (generally the vesting period of the award), with the exception of PSUs which are recognized using the accelerated attribution method. We account for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of each non-employee stock option is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is not remeasured over the vesting term. Assumptions used in valuing non-employee stock 69 options are generally consistent with those used for employee stock options with the exception that the expected term is over the contractual life. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements For further information on our recently adopted accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the consolidated financial statements contained within this Form 10-K. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Interest Rate Risk As of January 31, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents and investments totaling $477.0 million, invested in money market funds, U.S. Treasury securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities. Our cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes. Our investments are made for capital preservation purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our investments classified as available-for-sale investments, including those with stated maturities beyond twelve months, are classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and because they represent the investment of cash that is available for current operations. In addition, we may sell these investments at any time for use in its current operations or for other purposes, even prior to maturity. As of January 31, 2023, our available-for- sale investments are recorded as current on our consolidated balance sheets. In June 2020, we issued the Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $287.5 million. The Notes have a fixed annual interest rate of 1.25%; accordingly, we do not have economic interest rate exposure on the Notes. However, the fair market value of the Notes is exposed to interest rate risk. Generally, the fair market value of the fixed interest rate of the Notes will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. In addition, the fair market value of the Notes fluctuates when the market price of our common stock fluctuates. The fair market value was determined based on the quoted bid price of the Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period. Refer to Note 5, “Fair Value Measurements” to our consolidated financial statements for more information. As of January 31, 2023, a hypothetical 10% relative change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Our reporting currency and the functional currency of our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Primarily all of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore substantially all of our revenue is not currently subject to significant foreign currency risk. Our operating expenses are denominated in the currencies of the countries in which our operations are located, which are primarily in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, and Portugal. Our consolidated results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. To date, we have not entered into any hedging arrangements with respect to foreign currency risk or other derivative financial instruments, although we may choose to do so in the future. We do not believe that a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies would have a material effect on our operating results. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 70 PAGERDUTY, INC. Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42) Consolidated Financial Statements Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page No. 72 76 76 77 78 79 80 82 71 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of PagerDuty, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PagerDuty, Inc. (the Company) as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at January 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. 72 Description of the Matter PAGERDUTY, INC. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenue totaled $370.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2023. As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company primarily generates revenue from cloud-hosted subscription fees, with the majority of its revenue recognized from such arrangements. In order to recognize revenue, the Company evaluates whether promises made to customers represent distinct performance obligations, the appropriate measure of the transfer of control and when the transfer of control has occurred. These assessments can require significant judgment, particularly when contracts include non-standard terms. Auditing the Company’s accounting for revenue recognition was complex because certain of the Company’s revenue agreements contained non-standard contractual terms that required significant auditor judgement to determine if distinct performance obligations were created. The proper identification of performance obligations in the Company’s revenue arrangements could have a significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition and the disclosures. How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company's process to identify and evaluate performance obligations including identification and consideration of non-standard contractual terms, the transaction price, and the measure of progress of the transfer of control. Our audit procedures included, among others, reading a sample of contracts and evaluating whether management appropriately identified and considered terms within those documents that would affect revenue recognition. Additionally, to verify completeness of non-standard terms and conditions, we obtained confirmations of terms and conditions for a sample of arrangements with customers. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015. San Francisco, California March 16, 2023 73 PAGERDUTY, INC. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of PagerDuty, Inc. Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited PagerDuty, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2023, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 2013 framework (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, PagerDuty, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria. As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Catalytic, Inc., which is included in the January 31, 2023 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted less than 1% of total and net assets as of January 31, 2023 and approximately 1% of consolidated revenue for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal controls over financial reporting of Catalytic, Inc. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2023, and the related notes and our report dated March 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 74 PAGERDUTY, INC. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP San Francisco, California March 16, 2023 75 PAGERDUTY, INC. Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Investments Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $2,014 and $1,809 as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, respectively Deferred contract costs, current Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Deferred contract costs, non-current Lease right-of-use assets Goodwill Intangible assets, net Other assets Total assets Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued compensation Deferred revenue, current Lease liabilities, current Total current liabilities Convertible senior notes, net Deferred revenue, non-current Lease liabilities, non-current Other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) Redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3) Stockholders’ equity: Common stock, $0.000005 par value per share: 1,000,000,000 shares authorized as of January 31, 2023 and 2022; 91,178,671 and 86,758,380 shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated deficit Total stockholders’ equity As of January 31, 2023 2022 $ 274,019 $ 202,948 91,345 18,674 13,350 600,336 18,390 27,715 13,982 118,862 37,224 1,364 349,785 193,571 75,279 16,672 9,777 645,084 18,229 26,159 20,227 72,126 23,133 1,490 817,873 $ 806,448 $ $ 7,398 $ 11,804 41,834 204,137 5,904 271,077 282,908 4,914 12,704 4,184 575,787 1,108 — 719,816 (1,592) (477,246) 240,978 9,505 13,640 35,327 162,881 5,637 226,990 281,069 7,343 20,912 3,159 539,473 — — 616,467 (669) (348,823) 266,975 806,448 Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders’ equity $ 817,873 $ See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 76 PAGERDUTY, INC. Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands, except per share data) Revenue Cost of revenue Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest income Interest expense Other expense, net Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 $ 370,793 $ 281,396 $ 213,556 70,434 300,359 134,876 195,622 99,238 429,736 48,361 233,035 95,690 161,624 77,432 334,746 30,686 182,870 64,566 122,155 62,431 249,152 (129,377) (101,711) (66,282) 4,765 (5,433) (19) 2,946 (5,398) (2,757) 4,232 (9,965) (794) Loss before benefit from (provision for) income taxes (130,064) (106,920) (72,809) Benefit from (provision for) income taxes Net loss 839 (535) 3,906 $ (129,225) $ (107,455) $ (68,903) Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (802) — — Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. (128,423) (107,455) (68,903) Net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. $ (1.45) $ (1.27) $ (0.87) Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted 88,721 84,514 79,614 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 77 PAGERDUTY, INC. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (in thousands) Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net loss Unrealized (loss) gain on investments Foreign currency translation adjustments Total comprehensive loss Less comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non- controlling interest: Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest Foreign currency translation adjustments, attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non- controlling interest Comprehensive loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. $ $ $ (129,225) $ (772) (151) (130,148) $ (802) 2 (800) (129,348) $ (107,455) $ (1,012) — (108,467) $ — — — (108,467) $ (68,903) 206 — (68,697) — — — (68,697) 78 l a t o T ’ s r e d l o h k c o t S y t i u q E d e t a l u m u c c A t i c i f e D d e t a l u m u c c A r e h t O e v i s n e h e r p m o C e m o c n I l a n o i t i d d A n i - d i a P l a t i p a C k c o t S n o m m o C t n u o m A s e r a h S . 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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 Cash flows from operating activities Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3) $ Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by (128,423) $ (802) (129,225) (107,455) $ — (107,455) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Amortization of deferred contract costs Stock-based compensation Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs(1) Noncash lease expense Tax benefit related to release of valuation allowance Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Deferred contract costs Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other liabilities Accrued compensation Deferred revenue Lease liabilities Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of property and equipment Capitalized internal-use software costs Business acquisition, net of cash acquired Asset acquisition Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity investments Purchases of available-for-sale investments Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale investments Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs paid of $9,302 Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes Investment from redeemable non-controlling interest holder Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options Proceeds from Employee Stock Purchase Plan Employee payroll taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities 17,429 19,247 109,907 1,839 4,073 (1,330) 1,841 (16,586) (22,805) (2,843) (1,473) (1,444) 6,147 37,971 (5,768) 16,980 (4,637) (3,836) (66,262) (1,845) — (212,210) 202,625 — (86,165) — — 1,908 10,481 9,875 (28,677) (6,413) Effects of foreign currency exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period $ (168) (75,766) 349,785 274,019 $ ______________ 8,356 14,923 70,033 1,805 4,464 — 3,770 (21,594) (26,167) 1,279 2,901 (99) 6,766 40,252 (5,255) (6,021) (3,457) (3,353) (160) — — (197,093) 194,059 27,380 17,376 — — — 15,108 7,742 (23,586) (736) — 10,619 339,166 349,785 $ (68,903) — (68,903) 5,270 10,977 43,231 7,808 4,398 — 2,518 (17,637) (16,876) (2,022) 316 (810) 11,184 34,723 (4,082) 10,095 (4,038) (810) (49,656) — 28,040 (222,042) 189,901 9,285 (49,320) 278,198 (35,708) — 14,098 5,986 (8,207) 254,367 — 215,142 124,024 339,166 (1) During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 which resulted in the elimination of amortization of debt discount on its 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes (the “Notes”) from February 1, 2021. 80 Supplemental cash flow data: Cash paid for interest Cash paid for taxes Non-cash investing and financing activities: Vesting of early exercised options Fair value of common stock issued as consideration for a business combination Purchase of property and equipment, accrued but not yet paid Payments related to a business acquisition, accrued but not yet paid Stock-based compensation capitalized in internal use software Unpaid bonus capitalized in internal use software Receivables for cash in-transit on stock options Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3,594 $ 168 $ 1,797 $ 324 $ — $ — $ — $ 159 $ — $ 1,320 $ 354 $ 436 $ — $ 2,666 $ — $ 1,163 $ 189 $ — $ 1,857 4 507 38,936 572 160 156 — — See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 81 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation Description of Business PagerDuty, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in May 2010. PagerDuty is a digital operations management platform that manages urgent and mission-critical work for a modern, digital business. PagerDuty collects data and digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device and leverages powerful machine learning to correlate, process, and predict opportunities and issues. Using incident response, event management, and automation, the Company brings together the right people with the right information so they can resolve issues and act on opportunities in minutes or seconds from wherever they are. As used herein, “PagerDuty”, “we”, “our”, “the Company” and similar terms include PagerDuty, Inc., unless the context indicates otherwise. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the results of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, and subsidiaries in which the Company holds a controlling interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2023, for example, refer to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make, on an ongoing basis, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve the period of benefit for amortizing deferred contract costs, the determination of the allowance for credit losses, fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, and estimates related to the Company’s revenue recognition, such as the assessment of performance obligations in the Company’s revenue arrangements and the fair value assigned to each performance obligation, among others. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions which management believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Segment Information The Company manages its operations and allocates resources as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. Refer to Note 15, “Geographic Information” for information regarding the Company's long-lived assets and revenue by geography. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue primarily from cloud-hosted subscription fees with the majority of its revenue from such arrangements. The Company also generates revenue from term-license software subscription fees. Revenue is recognized when control of these services is transferred to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. 82 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The Company accounts for revenue contracts with customers by applying the requirements of Topic 606, which includes the following steps: • • • • • Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer. Identification of the performance obligations in the contract. Determination of the transaction price. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract. Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Cloud-hosted software subscriptions The Company’s cloud-hosted software subscriptions allow customers to use its cloud-hosted software over the contract period without taking possession of the software. The Company’s cloud-hosted software subscription agreements generally have monthly or annual contractual terms. Revenue related to the Company’s cloud-hosted software subscriptions is recognized ratably over the related contractual term beginning on the date that the Company’s platform is made available to a customer. Access to the platform represents a series of distinct services as the Company continually provides access to, and fulfills its obligation to, the end customer over the subscription term. The series of distinct services represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The Company recognizes revenue ratably because the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the platform throughout the contract period. Term-license software subscriptions The Company’s term license software subscriptions provide both an obligation to provide access to its on- premise software, which includes both open source and proprietary features, as well as an obligation to provide support and maintenance. The Company’s term-license software subscription agreements generally have annual contractual terms. The Company accounts for the license to the software and support as two separate performance obligations. As the open source software is publicly available at no cost to the customer, the Company has determined that there is no value to be assigned to the open source software in the term-license software subscription arrangements. The proprietary software license represents a promise to provide a license to use functional intellectual property that is recognized at a point in time on the date access to the software is made available to the customer and the term-license software subscription period has begun. The Company has concluded the support is a stand-ready performance obligation that consists of a series of distinct services that are satisfied ratably over time as the services are provided. The Company uses a time-based output method to measure progress because efforts are expended evenly throughout the period given the nature of the promise is a stand-ready service. The Company recognizes support revenue ratably, typically beginning on the start of the contractual term of the arrangement. Cloud-hosted and term license software subscriptions In order to determine the stand-alone selling price, the Company conducts a periodic analysis that requires judgment and considers multiple factors that are reasonably available and maximizes the use of observable inputs that may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each performance obligation. To have observable inputs, the Company requires that a substantial majority of the stand-alone selling prices for a product offering fall within a pricing range. If a directly observable stand-alone selling price does not exist, the Company estimates a stand-alone selling price range by reviewing external and internal market factor categories, which may include pricing practices, historical discounting, industry practices, service groups, and geographic considerations. The Company believes that these analyses result in an estimate that approximates the price the Company would charge for the performance obligations if they were sold separately. The Company’s cloud-hosted and term-license software subscription arrangements are generally non- cancellable and do not contain refund provisions. The Company bills for monthly cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions on a monthly basis and annually in advance for arrangements with terms of one year or more. 83 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The price of the cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions is generally fixed at contract inception and therefore, the Company’s contracts do not contain a significant amount of variable consideration. As a result, the amount of revenue recognized in the periods presented from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods due to changes in the transaction price was not material. The Company’s revenue excludes sales and other indirect taxes. Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance for Credit Losses Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for credit losses. The allowance is based upon historical loss patterns, customer credit quality, the age of each past due invoice, and an evaluation of the potential risk of loss associated with delinquent accounts. The allowance also reflects current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The allowance for credit losses was $2.0 million and $1.8 million as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, respectively. Activity related to the Company’s allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable was as follows: Balance as of January 31, 2021 Charged to bad debt expense Write-offs, net of recoveries Balance as of January 31, 2022 Charged to bad debt expense Write-offs, net of recoveries Balance as of January 31, 2023 Deferred Revenue Amount (in thousands) 1,188 1,099 (478) 1,809 1,063 (858) 2,014 $ $ $ The Company records contract liabilities to deferred revenue when amounts are invoiced in advance of performance. Deferred revenue consists of the unearned portion of customer billings. The Company’s payment terms generally provide for payment within 30 days of the invoice date. Amounts anticipated to be recognized within one year of the balance sheet date are recorded as deferred revenue, current; the remaining portion is recorded as deferred revenue, non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company applied the practical expedient in Topic 606 and did not evaluate contracts of one year or less for the existence of a significant financing component. For contracts with terms of more than a year, the Company has determined its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component as the majority relate to contracts that are billed annually in advance. The primary purpose of the Company’s invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the Company’s cloud- hosted software subscription, not to receive financing from its customers or to provide customers with financing. Deferred Contract Costs Deferred contract costs consist of sales commissions earned by the Company’s sales force which are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. The Company determined that sales commissions that are related to contract renewals are not commensurate with commissions earned on the initial contract. Accordingly, sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that the Company has determined to be four years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its customer contracts, technology, and other factors. Amounts anticipated to be recognized within one year of the balance sheet date are recorded as deferred contract costs, current; the remaining portion is recorded as deferred contract costs, noncurrent in the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred contract costs are periodically reviewed for impairment. Amortization of deferred contract costs is included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. 84 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Deferred contract costs on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets were $46.4 million and $42.8 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense was $19.2 million, $14.9 million, and $11.0 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. There was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented. The following table represents a rollforward of the Company’s deferred contract costs: Balance as of January 31, 2021 Additions to deferred contract costs Amortization of deferred contract costs Balance as of January 31, 2022 Additions to deferred contract costs Amortization of deferred contract costs Balance as of January 31, 2023 Amount (in thousands) 31,587 26,167 (14,923) 42,831 22,805 (19,247) 46,389 $ $ $ Concentrations of Risk and Significant Customers The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale investments, and accounts receivable. All of the Company’s cash equivalents and investments are invested in money market funds, United States (“U.S.”) Treasury securities, commercial paper, corporate debt securities, or U.S. Government agency securities that management believes to be of high credit quality. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale investments are spread across several different financial institutions. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the total accounts receivable balance as of January 31, 2023 or 2022. No single customer represented 10% or more of revenue for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue primarily consists of expenses related to providing the Company’s cloud- hosted software subscription to customers, including personnel expenses for operations and global support, payments to the Company’s third-party cloud infrastructure providers for hosting the Company’s software, payment processing fees, amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs, amortization of acquired developed technology, and allocated overhead costs for facilities, information technology, and other allocated overhead costs. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency for the large majority of the Company's foreign operations is the U.S. dollar, although the Company has one subsidiary use the local currency as its functional currency for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. When a consolidated entity’s functional currency is the local currency, the Company translates the foreign functional currency financial statements to U.S. dollars using the exchange rates at the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities, the period average exchange rates for revenue and expenses, and the historical exchange rates for equity. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity and the related periodic movements are presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations for the period. Realized foreign currency transaction gains and losses for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 were not material. Cash and Cash Equivalents 85 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, and money market funds. Investments The Company’s investments are classified as available-for-sale and consist of highly liquid investments, primarily commercial paper, corporate debt securities, U.S. Government agency securities, and U.S. Treasury securities. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. The Company periodically evaluates its short-term investments to assess whether those with unrealized loss positions are impaired. The Company considers various factors in determining whether to recognize an impairment charge, including the extent to which the fair value is less than the Company’s cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost. If the Company determines that the investment is impaired, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the investment’s amortized cost and fair value at such date. Realized gains and losses are reported in other income, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. No impairment charges have been recognized to date. Available-for-sale The Company classifies its available-for-sale investments, including those with stated maturities beyond twelve months, as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and because they represent the investment of cash that is available for current operations. In addition, the Company may sell these investments at any time for use in its current operations or for other purposes, even prior to maturity. The Company's available-for-sale investments are recorded at fair market value each reporting period. Unrealized gains and losses on these available-for-sale investments are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet until realized. Related Party Transactions Certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors serve as directors of, or are executive officers of, and in some cases are investors in, companies that are customers or vendors of the Company. The Company recognized revenue from the sales of its product to related parties of $1.3 million, $2.5 million and $1.1 million in the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and billings of $1.8 million, $2.2 million, and $1.1 million in the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Additionally, the Company recognized expenses related to purchases $1.2 million and had $1.1 million in cash disbursements to these companies during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. Other related party transactions were not material for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which is generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term. The Company periodically reviews the estimated lives of property and equipment. If the estimated useful life assumption is reduced for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance would be amortized or depreciated over the revised estimated useful life. Research and Development Expense Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for the Company’s engineering, product, and design teams. Additionally, research and development expenses include contractor fees, depreciation of 86 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements equipment used in research and development activities, acquisition-related expenses, and allocated overhead costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Internal-Use Software Costs The Company evaluates costs related to the development of its platform and certain projects for internal use incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post- implementation activities are expensed as incurred and costs related to the application development stage are capitalized. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. The Company capitalized $4.8 million, $4.7 million, and $1.0 million during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Business Combinations The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under this method of accounting, all assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the date of the acquisition. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates can include, but are not limited to, the cash flows that an asset is expected to generate in the future, the appropriate weighted-average cost of capital, and the cost savings expected to be derived from acquiring an asset. Goodwill, Acquired Intangible Assets, and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess purchase consideration of an acquired business over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate or a significant decrease in expected cash flows. No impairment charges were recorded during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021. Acquired Intangible Assets. Acquired intangible assets consist of identifiable intangible assets, primarily developed technology and customer relationships, resulting from the Company’s business acquisition. Intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and amortized over their estimated useful lives. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The carrying amounts of the Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment, lease right-of-use assets, capitalized internal-use software, and acquired intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable or that the useful lives are shorter than originally estimated. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If long-lived assets are considered impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. If the Company reduces the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance would be amortized or depreciated over the revised estimated useful life. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in sales and marketing expense. Advertising costs were $7.3 million, $10.6 million, and $10.1 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”), based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. 87 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The Company estimates the fair value of stock options issued to employees on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is impacted by the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock, as well as certain assumptions including the expected volatility over the term of the option awards, the expected term of the awards, risk-free interest rates and the expected dividend yield. Assumptions and estimates used in the determination of the fair value of stock options include expected volatility, expected term, risk-free rate, and expected dividend yield. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs and PSUs at its stock price on the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of shares to be issued under the employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) on the first day of the offering period using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which is impacted by the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock, as well as certain assumptions including the expected volatility over the term of the offering period, the expected term of the awards, risk-free interest rates and the expected dividend yield. Assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of the ESPP are the same as those used in the determination of the fair value of the Company’s stock options. The Company generally recognizes compensation expense for employee stock-based payment awards on a straight-line basis over the period during which an award recipient is required to provide services in exchange for the award (generally the vesting period of the award), with the exception of PSUs which are recognized using the accelerated attribution method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of each non-employee stock option is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is not remeasured over the vesting term. Assumptions used in valuing non-employee stock options are generally consistent with those used for employee stock options with the exception that the expected term is over the contractual life. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, the Company recognizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, as well as for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. The Company recognizes the deferred income tax effects of a change in tax rates in the period of enactment. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the net amount that it believes is more likely than not to be realized. The Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Realization of its deferred tax assets is dependent primarily upon future U.S. taxable income. The Company recognizes income tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it believes that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such uncertain tax positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Although the Company believes that it has adequately reserved for its uncertain tax positions (including net interest and penalties), it can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be materially different. The Company makes adjustments to these reserves when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made and could have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Net Loss Per Share 88 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities to the extent they are dilutive. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted net loss per share by application of the treasury stock method. Basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock were the same for each period presented as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In October 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2021-08 (“ASU 2021-08”), Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. The ASU is part of the FASB's simplification initiative, which aims to reduce unnecessary complexity in U.S. GAAP. The Company early adopted ASU 2022-08 as of February 1, 2022 using the prospective method. The adoption of the standard impacted the accounting for the acquisition of Catalytic, Inc. (“Catalytic”) requiring the Company to measure acquired contract assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 606. The adoption of ASU 2021-08 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. 3. Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest In May 2022, the Company established a joint venture, PagerDuty K.K, which is a variable interest entity. The Company obtained a 51% controlling interest and has consolidated the financial results of the joint venture. The following table summarizes the activity in the redeemable non-controlling interest for the period indicated below: Balance at beginning of period Investment by redeemable non-controlling interest Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest Foreign currency translation adjustments Balance at end of period 4. Balance Sheet Components Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments Cash, cash equivalents, and investments consisted of the following: January 31, 2023 (in thousands) $ $ — 1,908 (802) 2 1,108 89 Cash and cash equivalents Cash Money market funds Commercial paper U.S. Treasury securities Total cash and cash equivalents Available-for-sale investments U.S. Treasury securities Commercial paper Corporate debt securities U.S. Government agency securities Total available-for-sale investments As of January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) $ $ $ $ 67,151 $ 206,868 — — 274,019 $ 51,387 $ 34,798 108,827 7,936 202,948 $ 268,091 73,194 5,500 3,000 349,785 41,105 39,483 112,983 — 193,571 The following tables summarize the Company’s investments’ adjusted cost, net unrealized (losses) gains, and fair value by significant investment category as of January 31, 2023 and 2022. Gross realized gains or losses from sales of available-for-sale securities were not material for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022. Available-for-sale investments U.S. Treasury securities Commercial paper Corporate debt securities U.S. Government agency securities Total investments Available-for-sale investments U.S. Treasury securities Commercial paper Corporate debt securities Total investments As of January 31, 2023 Cost Basis Unrealized Loss, Net Recorded Basis (in thousands) $ $ $ $ 51,400 $ 34,926 110,063 8,000 204,389 $ (13) $ (128) (1,236) (64) (1,441) $ 51,387 34,798 108,827 7,936 202,948 As of January 31, 2022 Cost Basis Unrealized Loss, Net Recorded Basis (in thousands) 41,147 $ 39,528 113,565 194,240 $ (42) $ (45) (582) (669) $ 41,105 39,483 112,983 193,571 The following tables present the Company’s available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity date as of January 31, 2023 and 2022: 90 Due within one year Due between one to five years Due within one year Due between one to five years As of January 31, 2023 Adjusted Cost Fair Value (in thousands) 139,443 $ 64,946 204,389 $ 138,625 64,323 202,948 January 31, 2022 Adjusted Cost Fair Value (in thousands) 154,692 $ 39,548 194,240 $ 154,455 39,116 193,571 $ $ $ $ As of January 31, 2023, there were 81 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, 21 of which were in a continuous unrealized loss position for the last 12 months. The total unrealized loss related to the 21 securities in an unrealized loss position as of January 31, 2023 was $0.7 million. As of January 31, 2022, there were 69 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, seven of which were in a continuous unrealized loss position for the last 12 months. The total unrealized loss related to the seven securities was $0.7 million When evaluating investments for impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost. No impairment loss has been recorded on the securities included in the tables above, as the Company believes that any decrease in fair value of these securities is temporary and the Company expects to recover at least up to the initial cost of the investment for these securities. The Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses, as the Company believes any such losses would be immaterial based on the high-grade credit rating for each of its marketable securities as of the end of each period. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: Leasehold improvements Computers and equipment Furniture and fixtures Capitalized internal-use software Gross property and equipment(1) Accumulated depreciation and amortization Property and equipment, net As of January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) 15,585 $ 9,426 4,730 10,971 40,712 $ (22,322) 18,390 $ 15,392 7,483 4,686 6,136 33,697 (15,468) 18,229 $ $ $ (1) Gross property and equipment includes construction-in-progress for leasehold improvements and capitalized internal-use software of $6.0 million and $6.9 million that had not yet been placed in service as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, respectively. The costs associated with construction-in-progress are not amortized until placed in service. 91 Depreciation and amortization expense was $6.8 million, $4.6 million, and $3.8 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The carrying values of capitalized internal-use software were $8.8 million and $5.2 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following: Accrued professional fees Accrued events Accrued hosting and infrastructure Accrued taxes Accrued liabilities, other Accrued expenses and other liabilities Accrued Compensation Accrued compensation consisted of the following: Accrued bonuses Accrued compensation, other Accrued compensation 5. Fair Value Measurements As of January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) 4,926 $ 952 1,384 1,711 2,831 11,804 $ 3,790 463 1,495 1,056 6,836 13,640 As of January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) 15,594 $ 26,240 41,834 $ 13,480 21,847 35,327 $ $ $ $ The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities at fair value each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value, as follows: Level 1—Valuations based on observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2—Valuations based on inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets that are required to be measured or disclosed at fair value using the above input categories: 92 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Money market funds U.S. Treasury securities Commercial paper Corporate debt securities U.S. Government agency securities Total Included in cash equivalents Included in investments Money market funds U.S. Treasury securities Commercial paper Corporate debt securities Total Included in cash equivalents Included in investments As of January 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) $ 206,868 $ — $ — $ 206,868 — — — — 51,387 34,798 108,827 7,936 — — — — 51,387 34,798 108,827 7,936 $ 206,868 $ 202,948 $ — $ 409,816 $ 206,868 $ 202,948 As of January 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total $ 73,194 $ 3,000 5,500 — (in thousands) — $ 41,105 39,483 112,983 $ 81,694 $ 193,571 $ — $ 73,194 44,105 — 44,983 — — 112,983 — $ 275,265 $ 81,694 $ 193,571 The Company’s assets that are measured by management at fair value on a recurring basis are generally classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s Level 2 securities were valued using inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable in the market, including readily available pricing sources for the identical or comparable securities which may not be actively traded. The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash held in banks, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities and are excluded from the fair value table above. Convertible Senior Notes As of January 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the Notes was approximately $304.8 million. The fair value was determined based on the quoted price for the Notes in an inactive market on the last trading day of the reporting period and is considered as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. 6. Business Combinations Year ended January 31, 2023 On March 8, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Catalytic, a provider of a no-code/low-code workflow automation application. The Company acquired Catalytic for purchase consideration of $68.8 million in cash. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and the acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their preliminary fair values on the acquisition date and any excess was recorded as goodwill. The values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be adjusted during the measurement period of up to 12 months from the date of acquisition as further information becomes available. Any changes in the fair values of the 93 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period may result in adjustments to goodwill. As of January 31, 2023, the primary area that remains preliminary relates to the valuation of certain tax-related items. The following table presents the fair values of acquired assets and liabilities recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable and other assets Prepaid and other current assets Intangible assets Goodwill Accounts payable and other liabilities Deferred revenue Other tax liabilities Deferred tax liability Total purchase consideration (in thousands) 2,506 801 841 21,800 46,736 (408) (856) (1,322) (1,330) 68,768 $ $ The goodwill was primarily attributed to the value of synergies created with the Company’s current and future offerings. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recognized a net deferred tax liability for approximately $1.3 million, generated primarily from the difference between the tax basis and fair value of the acquired intangible assets, which increased goodwill. As the Company has a full valuation allowance as of January 31, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax benefit for this net deferred tax liability in the consolidated statement of operations for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Refer to Note 14, "Income Taxes", for further information. The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives as of the date of acquisition: Developed technology Customer relationships Fair Value (in thousands) Useful Life (in years) $ $ 19,200 2,600 3 10 The Company also entered into holdback agreements with the two founders of Catalytic with $3.4 million held back in cash which are subject to the recipients’ continued service with the Company and thus excluded from the purchase price and will be recognized ratably as research and development expense over the original required two-year service period. Subsequent to the acquisition, in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, one of the original holdback agreement was amended, resulting in the acceleration of $1.6 million of research and development expense relating to a portion of the holdback agreement. From the date of the acquisition, the financial results of Catalytic have been included in and are immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Pro forma revenue and results of operations have not been presented because the historical results are not material to the consolidated financial statements in any period presented. The Company did not complete any other business combinations in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Year ended January 31, 2022 There were no business combinations in the year ended January 31, 2022. 94 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 7. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: Balance as of January 31, 2021 Goodwill resulting from business combination Balance as of January 31, 2022 Goodwill resulting from business combination Balance as of January 31, 2023 Goodwill (in thousands) 72,126 — 72,126 46,736 118,862 $ $ $ Intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following: As of January 31, 2023 Cost Accumulated Amortization (in thousands) Net Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in years) Customer relationships $ 24,400 $ Developed technology Trademarks Assembled workforce 24,800 400 2,527 (5,319) $ (8,342) (400) (842) Other intangibles, net $ 52,127 $ (14,903) $ 19,081 16,458 — 1,685 37,224 7.9 2.3 0.0 1.3 As of January 31, 2022 Cost Accumulated Amortization (in thousands) Net Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in years) Customer relationships $ 21,800 $ (2,907) $ Developed technology Trademarks 5,600 400 (1,493) (267) Other intangibles, net $ 27,800 $ (4,667) $ 18,893 4,107 133 23,133 8.7 3.7 0.7 95 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $10.2 million, $3.5 million and $1.2 million. As of January 31, 2023, expected amortization expense in future periods is as follows: Year ending January 31, 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total expected future amortization expense 8. Leases Operating Leases (in thousands) 11,224 10,381 3,858 2,440 2,440 6,881 37,224 $ $ The Company has entered into various non-cancellable operating leases for its office spaces with lease periods expiring between fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2029. The operating lease agreements generally provide for rental payments on a graduated basis and for options to renew, which could increase future minimum lease payments if exercised. Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowances. The operating leases typically include non-lease components such as common-area maintenance costs. The Company has elected to include non-lease components with lease payments for the purpose of calculating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, to the extent that they are fixed. Non-lease components that are not fixed are expensed as incurred as variable lease payments. Leases with a term of one year or less are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The following tables present information about leases on the consolidated balance sheet. Assets Lease right-of-use assets Liabilities Lease liabilities Lease liabilities, non-current As of January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) $ 13,982 $ 5,904 12,704 20,227 5,637 20,912 96 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the weighted average remaining lease term was 3.8 years and 4.8 years, respectively. As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the weighted average discount rate used to determine the net present value of the lease liabilities was 3.7%. The following table presents information about leases on the consolidated statement of operations. Operating lease expense Short-term lease expense Variable lease expense Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) 2021 $ 5,651 $ 5,574 $ 1,842 1,363 756 939 5,769 879 1,325 The following table presents supplemental cash flow information about the Company’s leases. Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities $ 7,025 $ 6,319 $ 5,416 As of January 31, 2023, remaining maturities of lease liabilities are as follows: Year ending January 31, 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Gross lease payments Less: Imputed interest Total 9. Debt and Financing Arrangements Convertible Senior Notes (in thousands) $ $ $ 6,482 6,402 2,244 1,910 1,967 1,011 20,016 (1,408) 18,608 On June 25, 2020, the Company issued $287.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the Notes in a private offering pursuant to an Indenture dated June 25, 2020 (the “Indenture”). The total net proceeds from the debt offering, after deducting initial purchaser discounts and debt issuance costs, paid or payable by the Company, were $278.2 million. The Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and accrue interest payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021, at a rate of 1.25% per year. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2025, unless such notes are converted, redeemed or repurchased earlier. The Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the 97 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the Indenture. Holders of the Notes may convert all or any portion of their Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on April 1, 2025, only under the following circumstances: • • • • During any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2020 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; During the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; If the Company calls such Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or Upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as noted in the Indenture. On or after April 1, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders of the Notes may convert all or any portion of their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. The conversion rate will initially be 24.9507 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $40.08 per share of common stock. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, but will not be adjusted for accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with a fundamental change, as defined in the Indenture. The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to July 6, 2023. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at its option, on a redemption date occurring on or after July 6, 2023 and prior to the 41st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, if the last reported sale price of the common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price for the Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes may declare the entire principal of all the Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to be immediately due and payable. The Company accounts for the Notes as a single liability in accordance with ASU 2020-06 “Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”. The carrying amount of the Notes is $282.9 million as of January 31, 2023, with principal of $287.5 million, net of unamortized issuance costs of $4.6 million. The Notes were classified as long-term liabilities as of January 31, 98 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 2023. The issuance costs related to the Notes are being amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the Notes at an effective interest rate of 1.93%. The net carrying amount of the liability component of the Notes as of January 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: Principal Less: unamortized issuance costs Net carrying amount As of January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) $ $ 287,500 $ (4,592) 282,908 $ 287,500 (6,431) 281,069 Interest expense recognized related to the Notes during the year ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 is as follows: Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) 2021 Contractual interest expense Amortization of debt discount Amortization of debt issuance costs Total interest expense related to the Notes $ $ 3,594 $ 3,594 $ — 1,839 — 1,804 5,433 $ 5,398 $ 2,157 7,104 704 9,965 Capped Call Transactions In connection with the offering of the Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Calls”) with certain financial institution counterparties (the “Option Counterparties”). The Capped Calls are generally intended to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of the Notes with such reduction or offset, as the case may be, subject to a cap based on the cap price. For accounting purposes, the Capped Calls are separate transactions, and not part of the terms of the Notes. The Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $35.7 million incurred to purchase the Capped Calls were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Each of the Capped Calls has an initial strike price of approximately $40.08 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the Notes. The Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $61.66 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 7.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The Capped Calls are subject to automatic exercise over a 40 trading day period commencing on May 2, 2025, subject to earlier termination under certain circumstances. 10. Commitments and Contingencies Contractual Commitments As of January 31, 2023, the Company’s contractual obligations are as follows for the years ending January 31: 99 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Year ending January 31, (in thousands) Operating Lease Obligations(1) Purchase Commitments(2) Senior Convertible Notes(3) Total 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total $ 6,482 $ 38,065 $ 3,594 $ 6,402 2,244 1,910 1,967 1,011 21,846 1,346 — — — 3,594 289,297 — — — 48,141 31,842 292,887 1,910 1,967 1,011 $ 20,016 $ 61,257 $ 296,485 $ 377,758 (1) Represents obligations under non-cancellable lease agreements for the Company’s corporate headquarters and worldwide offices. (2) Primarily relates to contractual third-party services. (3) Includes principal and interest payments. For more information regarding the Company’s convertible senior notes, refer to Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements”. Legal Matters From time to time in the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to various claims and other legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company investigates these claims as they arise and accrues estimates for resolution of legal and other contingencies when losses are probable and estimable. The Company is not currently a party to any legal proceedings and does not anticipate any pending or threatened litigation that would be expected to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Warranties and Indemnification The Company has entered into service-level agreements with a portion of its customers defining levels of uptime reliability and performance and permitting those customers to receive credits if the Company fails to meet the defined levels of uptime. To date, the Company has not experienced any significant failures to meet defined levels of uptime reliability and performance as a result of those agreements and, as a result, the Company has not incurred or accrued any material liabilities related to these agreements in the financial statements. In the ordinary course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify customers, vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, services to be provided by the Company, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As permitted under Delaware law, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and certain officers and employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers, or employees. No demands have been made upon the Company to provide indemnification under such agreements, and there are no claims that the Company is aware of that could have a material effect on its consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, or consolidated statements of cash flows. 100 11. Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations The following table presents the changes to the Company’s deferred revenue: Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Deferred revenue, beginning of period $ 170,224 $ 129,972 $ 92,569 Billings Deferred revenue assumed in business combinations Revenue recognized Deferred revenue, end of period 408,764 321,648 856 — 248,279 2,680 (370,793) (281,396) (213,556) $ 209,051 $ 170,224 $ 129,972 Approximately 44%, 44%, and 41% of total revenue recognized in the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was from the deferred revenue balance as of January 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of January 31, 2023, future estimated revenue related to performance obligations for cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions with terms of more than one year that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting periods was approximately $188.0 million. The Company expects to satisfy the substantial majority of these unsatisfied performance obligations over the next 24 months and the remainder thereafter. The Company applied the optional exemption for subscriptions with terms of less than one year. 12. Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity The Company has two equity incentive plans: the 2010 Stock Plan (the “2010 Plan”) and the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”, collectively the “Stock Plans”). Upon completion of the Company’s IPO in April 2019, the Company ceased granting awards under the 2010 Plan, and all shares that remained available for future issuance under the 2010 Plan at that time were transferred to the 2019 Plan. The 2019 Plan superseded and replaced the 2010 Plan. As of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, respectively, the Company was authorized to grant up to 28,881,327 shares and 23,343,378 shares of common stock under the Stock Plans. The Company currently uses authorized and unissued shares to satisfy stock award exercises and settlement of RSUs and PSUs. As of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, there were 13,581,239 shares and 14,185,048 shares available for future issuance under the Stock Plans, respectively. Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance are as follows: Outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs and PSUs Available for future stock option, RSU, and PSU grants Available for ESPP Total common stock reserved at January 31, 2023 January 31, 2023 15,752,820 13,581,239 2,971,223 32,305,282 101 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Stock Option Activity Stock option activity is as follows: Outstanding at January 31, 2022 Granted Exercised Canceled Outstanding at January 31, 2023 Vested as of January 31, 2023 Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price 8,375,866 $ 24,882 $ (2,093,704) $ (156,063) $ 6,150,981 $ 5,538,328 $ 9.28 34.22 5.21 15.56 10.61 9.23 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) 6.1 $ 198,828 5.3 $ 5.1 $ 117,986 113,852 The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of employee stock option grants made during the periods: Expected dividend yield Expected volatility Expected term (years) Risk-free interest rate Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 — 47.1% 6.1 2.50% — — 43.8% - 46.9% 6.1 43.0% - 44.1% 3.7 - 6.1 1.04% - 1.35% 0.20% - 0.52% Stock options granted during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 had a weighted average grant date fair value of $16.46, $18.26, and $15.16 per share, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $50.8 million, $91.0 million, and $72.1 million, respectively. The intrinsic value for options exercised is the difference between the market value of the stock and the exercise price of the stock option at the date of exercise. As of January 31, 2023, there was approximately $7.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted under the Stock Plans, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years. Restricted Stock Units A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information is as follows: Outstanding at January 31, 2022 Granted Vested Forfeited or canceled Outstanding at January 31, 2023 102 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Number of RSUs 6,028,201 $ 6,022,637 $ (1,721,589) $ (2,316,767) $ 8,012,482 $ 34.77 30.81 33.25 33.26 32.55 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. As of January 31, 2023, there was $244.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years based on vesting under the award service conditions. Performance Stock Units On March 8, 2022, the Compensation Committee of the board of directors of the Company certified the results of PagerDuty’s operating plan for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. Based on the results, the PSUs granted in April 2021 (“2021 PSU Awards”) were earned at an attainment of 129%. A summary of the Company’s PSU activity and related information is as follows: Outstanding at January 31, 2022 Granted(1) Vested Forfeited or canceled Performance adjustment for 2021 PSU Awards Outstanding at January 31, 2023 (1)This amount represents awards granted at 100% attainment. Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Number of PSUs 117,701 $ 767,409 $ (47,416) $ (46,968) $ 34,332 $ 825,058 $ 41.17 32.64 41.17 40.71 41.17 33.27 In April 2021, the Company granted PSUs to certain employees of the Company for which the ultimate number of units that will vest are determined based on the achievement of performance at the end of the stated performance period. The performance condition is based on the level of achievement of a Company target related to PagerDuty’s operating plan for fiscal 2022. The PSUs vest over a three-year period, subject to continuous service with the Company. The number of shares of the Company’s stock to be received based on the performance condition can range from 0% to 200% of the target amount. Compensation expense for PSUs with performance conditions is measured using the fair value at the date of grant and recorded over the vesting period under the graded-vesting attribution method, and may be adjusted over the vesting period based on interim estimates of performance against the performance condition. During the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for the number of PSUs considered probable of vesting based on the attainment of the performance targets. As of January 31, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to PSUs was $0.6 million. This unrecognized stock-based compensation cost is expected to be recognized using the accelerated attribution method over a weighted-average period of approximately 0.8 years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company’s ESPP generally provides for 24-month offering periods beginning June 15 and December 15 of each year, with each offering period consisting of four six-month purchase periods. On each purchase date, eligible employees will purchase the shares at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the Company’s stock as of the beginning of the offering period or (2) the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the purchase date, as defined in the ESPP. 103 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of shares to be granted under the ESPP during the periods: Expected dividend yield Expected volatility Expected term (years) Risk-free interest rate Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 — — — 44.1% - 65.6% 41.2% - 53.9% 39.2% - 61.6% 0.5 - 2.0 0.5 - 2.0 0.5 - 2.1 0.11% - 4.62% 0.05% - 1.64% 0.08% - 2.39% During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $4.9 million, $4.7 million, and $5.3 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP, respectively, and withheld $10.0 million, $9.7 million, and $6.2 million in contributions from employees, respectively. In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, 495,432 shares of common stock were issued at a weighted average purchase price of $19.93. In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, 345,051 shares of common stock were issued at a weighted average purchase price of $22.44. In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, 301,842 shares of common stock were issued at a weighted average purchase price of $19.83 per share. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations is as follows: Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing(1) General and administrative Total Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) $ $ 6,827 $ 39,012 29,804 34,264 109,907 $ 3,751 $ 23,764 19,012 23,506 70,033 $ 1,702 11,095 14,733 15,701 43,231 (1) Stock-based compensation expense includes a one-time stock-based compensation expense of $3.1 million related to the modification of certain stock option awards in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. 13. Net Loss per Share The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share: Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands, except per share data) Numerator: Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. $ (128,423) $ (107,455) $ (68,903) Denominator: Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted Net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. 88,721 84,514 79,614 $ (1.45) $ (1.27) $ (0.87) 104 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Since the Company was in a loss position for the periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti- dilutive were as follows: As of January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) 14,989 14,522 15,149 106 63 7,173 22,331 71 122 7,173 21,888 73 261 7,173 22,656 Shares subject to outstanding common stock awards Shares issuable pursuant to the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Restricted stock issued to acquire key personnel Convertible senior notes Total 14. Income Taxes The components of loss before income taxes are as follows: Domestic Foreign Loss before provision (benefit from) for income taxes Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) $ $ (130,971) $ (111,426) $ (77,956) 907 4,506 5,147 (130,064) $ (106,920) $ (72,809) The components of the provision (benefit from) for income taxes are as follows: Current Federal State Foreign Total current tax expense Deferred Federal State Foreign Total deferred tax expense (benefit) Provision (benefit from) for income taxes Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) $ $ $ $ $ — $ — $ — 267 — 181 267 $ 181 $ — (41) 452 411 (794) $ (536) 224 (1,106) $ (839) $ — $ (4,038) — 354 354 $ 535 $ (977) 698 (4,317) (3,906) 105 A reconciliation of the Company’s recorded provision for (benefit from) income taxes to the amount of taxes computed at the U.S. statutory rate is as follows: Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Income taxes computed at U.S. federal statutory rate $ (27,313) $ (22,453) $ (15,291) State taxes, net of federal benefit Stock-based compensation Foreign rate differential Tax credits, net of FIN48 reserves Change in valuation allowance Other (5,044) 554 300 (1,789) 31,350 1,103 (Benefit from) provision for income taxes $ (839) $ (8,652) (15,423) (411) (1,426) 48,364 536 535 $ (5,012) (8,443) 69 (846) 25,076 541 (3,906) The lower income tax provision in fiscal 2023 and 2021 relative to fiscal 2022 was primarily due to a reduction in the valuation allowance from the increase in the deferred tax liability associated with the acquired intangible assets from the acquisition of Catalytic and Rundeck, resulting in a $1.3 million and $5.0 million deferred tax benefit, respectively. Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and income tax reporting purposes, as well as operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: 106 Deferred tax assets: Net operating losses Capitalized research and development Allowances and accruals Stock-based compensation Charitable contributions Tax credits Lease liabilities Other Gross deferred tax assets Less: valuation allowance Net deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Deferred commissions Intangible assets Lease assets Other Gross deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liabilities As of January 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) $ 117,735 $ 100,770 25,568 10,154 11,549 3,997 12,105 4,659 1,519 — 8,564 11,343 4,025 9,035 6,798 2,475 $ $ $ $ $ 187,286 $ 143,010 (162,865) (122,091) 24,421 $ 20,919 (12,089) $ (11,156) (11,544) (3,497) (324) (27,454) $ (3,033) $ (6,608) (5,169) (113) (23,046) (2,127) The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in future periods. The Company regularly assesses the ability to realize its deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company weighs all available positive and negative evidence, including its earnings history and results of recent operations, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Due to the weight of objectively verifiable negative evidence, including its history of losses in the United States and Japan, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that its U.S., federal and state, and Japan deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance on such deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance against its various deferred tax assets increased by $40.8 million and $64.1 million during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards in the amount of $451.5 million. Beginning in 2030, $70.5 million of the federal net operating losses will begin to expire. The remaining $381.0 million will carry forward indefinitely. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards in the amount of $27.9 million, and $3.2 million, respectively, which begin to expire in 2028 and 2033, respectively. Utilization of the Company’s net operating loss may be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations provided by section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. The Company’s net operating loss carryforwards could expire before utilization if subject to annual limitations. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had federal, California, and Canadian research and development credit carryforwards of $11.2 million, $6.4 million, and $1.7 million, respectively. The federal research and development credits will begin to expire in 2031, the California research and development credits have no expiration, and the Canadian research and development credits will begin to expire in 2042. 107 The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits: Balance at beginning of period Additions related to prior years Reductions related to prior years Additions related to current year Additions related to acquired positions Balance at end of period Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) $ 6,190 $ 5,018 $ 4,043 85 (18) 1,304 162 86 (70) 1,156 — 29 (8) 591 363 $ 7,723 $ 6,190 $ 5,018 All of the Company’s tax years remain open for examination by U.S. federal and state tax authorities. The non-U.S. tax returns remain open for examination for the years 2016 and onwards. Due to its U.S. federal and state valuation allowance, $1.0 million, $1.1 million, and $1.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, would affect the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as provision for income taxes. The Company has accrued an immaterial amount of interest and penalties associated with its unrecognized tax benefits noted above as of January 31, 2023. The Company does not anticipate the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly decrease in the next 12 months. U.S. income tax has not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that is indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. As a result of current U.S. tax law, the tax impact of future distributions of foreign earnings would generally be limited to withholding tax from local jurisdictions. The amount of the deferred tax liability on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries is not material. 15. Geographic Information Revenue by location is determined by the billing address of the customer. The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area: United States International Total Year Ended January 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) $ $ 283,266 $ 212,829 $ 87,527 68,567 370,793 $ 281,396 $ 163,313 50,243 213,556 Other than the United States, no other individual country accounted for 10% or more of revenue for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021. As of January 31, 2023, 88% of the Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment and right-of-use lease assets, were located in the United States, 10% were located in Canada, 1% were located in Portugal, and 1% were located in the United Kingdom. As of January 31, 2022, 86% of the Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment and right-of-use lease assets, were located in the United States and 14% was located in Canada. 16. Restructuring Costs On January 24, 2023, as part of the Company’s ongoing actions to drive efficient growth and expand operating margins, the Company announced that it will implement changes including reallocating certain roles and realigning teams to continue to improve operational resiliency and agility. The immediate impact is a 7% reduction 108 PAGERDUTY, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in headcount, as some roles are eliminated and new roles created in high-talent, lower-cost geographies. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, the Company incurred costs associated with the restructuring plan of approximately $5.0 million which is primarily comprised of severance payments, employee benefit contributions and other related costs. In connection with this action, the Company recorded the restructuring costs within the cost of sales, research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative operating expense line items of its consolidated statements of operations as of January 31, 2023. The majority of the amounts accrued are expected to be paid in the three months ended April 30, 2023. 17. 401(k) Plan The Company has a qualified defined contribution plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code covering eligible employees. The 401(k) plan allows each participant to contribute up to an amount not to exceed an annual statutory maximum. The Company is responsible for the administrative costs of the 401(k) plan, and effective July 1, 2019, the Company implemented an employer matching contribution. Effective January 1, 2022, the employer matching contribution was increased from one percent (1%) of each participant’s employee contributions of at least 1% of eligible wages during the period to two percent (2%) of each participant’s employee contributions of at least 2% of eligible wages during the period. During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recognized expense of $2.6 million, $1.3 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, related to matching contributions. 18. Subsequent Events The Company has evaluated subsequent events through March 16, 2023. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation and supervision of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were, in design and operation, effective at a reasonable assurance level. Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Our internal over control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 31, 2023. Our independent 109 registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an audit report with respect to our internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K, and is incorporated herein by reference. In accordance with guidance issued by the SEC, companies are permitted to exclude acquisitions from their final assessment of internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal year in which the acquisition occurred while integrating the acquired operations. Management’s evaluation of internal control over financial reporting excluded the internal control activities of Catalytic, Inc. which are included in the consolidated financial statements of PagerDuty, Inc. and constituted approximately 1% of total revenues for the year ended January 31, 2023 and less than 1% of total assets as of January 31, 2023. Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, in designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting. Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Form 10-K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, other than as described above. Item 9B. Other Information Not applicable. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not applicable. 110 Part III. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance We maintain a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all of our employees, including our Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, which is a “Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers” as defined by applicable rules of the SEC. This code is publicly available on our website at www.pagerduty.com. If we make any amendments to this code other than technical, administrative or other non-substantive amendments, or grant any waivers, including implicit waivers, from a provision of this code we will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver, its effective date and to whom it applies on our website at pagerduty.com or in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC. The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after January 31, 2023. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after January 31, 2023. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after January 31, 2023. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after January 31, 2023. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after January 31, 2023. 111 PART IV. Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules (a) The following documents are included as part of this Form 10-K. 1. Index to Financial Statements Our Consolidated Financial Statements are listed in the “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. 2. Financial Statement Schedules All other schedules are omitted as the information required is inapplicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or the related notes. 3. Exhibits The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this Form 10-K are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Form 10-K, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K). Form 8-K File No. 001-38856 Incorporated by Exhibit Reference 2.1 Exhibit Number 2.1 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 10.1† 10.2† 10.3† 10.4† 10.5† 10.6† 10.7† 10.8† Description Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of September20, 2020, among PagerDuty, Inc., Reef Merger Sub I, Inc., Reef Merger Sub II, LLC, Rundeck, Inc., and Shareholder Representative Services LLC Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of PagerDuty, Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws of PagerDuty, Inc. Form of common stock certificate of PagerDuty, Inc. Description of Securities Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated August 24, 2018, by and among PagerDuty, Inc. and certain of its stockholders Indenture, dated as of June 25, 2020, between PagerDuty, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee Form of Global Note, representing PagerDuty, Inc.’s 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.4) PagerDuty, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, and forms of agreements thereunder Forms of Option Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan PagerDuty, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between PagerDuty, Inc. and each director and executive officer Amended and Restated Offer Letter, as amended, by and between PagerDuty, Inc. and Jennifer G. Tejada 8-K 001-38856 8-K 001-38856 S-1/A 333-230323 10-K 001-38856 S-1 333-230323 8-K 001-38856 8-K 001-38856 10-K 001-38856 10-Q 001-38856 S-1/A 333-230323 10-Q 001-38856 S-1 333-230323 10-K 001-38856 Confirmatory Offer Letter by and between PagerDuty, Inc. and Howard Wilson S-1/A 333-230323 Confirmatory Offer Letter by and between PagerDuty, Inc. and Stacey A. Giamalis S-1/A 333-230323 10.9† 10.10† Offer Letter by and between PagerDuty, Inc. and David Justice PagerDuty, Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Severance and Change in Control Policy 10-K 10-K 001-38856 001-38856 10.11† PagerDuty, Inc. Cash Incentive Bonus Plan, as amended 10-K 001-38856 10.12 10.13 PagerDuty, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy S-1/A 333-230323 Form of Confirmation for Capped Call Transactions 8-K 001-38856 112 Filing Date October 1, 2020 April 15, 2019 April 15, 2019 April 1, 2019 March 19, 2020 March 15, 2019 June 25, 2020 June 25, 2020 March 17, 2022 June 5, 2020 March 21, 2019 June 4, 2021 March 15, 2019 March 19, 2021 April 1, 2019 April 1, 2019 March 19, 2020 March 19, 2021 March 17, 2022 March 21, 2019 June 25, 2020 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 10.1 10.1 10.3 10.1 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.9 10.11 10.11 10.1 10.14 21.1 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1* 101.INS Lease Agreement, dated September 17, 2015, between PagerDuty, Inc. and Toda America, Inc., as amended List of subsidiaries of PagerDuty, Inc. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Power of Attorney (included on signature page) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 13a-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. S-1 333-230323 10.9 March 15, 2019 Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Furnished herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith Filed herewith * The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference. † Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan. 113 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 114 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: March 16, 2023 By: PAGERDUTY, INC. /s/ Jennifer G. Tejada Jennifer G. Tejada Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) 115 POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Jennifer G. Tejada and Owen Howard Wilson, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such individual in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in- fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or the individual’s substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Company and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 116 Signature Title Date /s/ Jennifer G. Tejada Jennifer G. Tejada /s/ Owen Howard Wilson Owen Howard Wilson /s/ Mitra Rezvan Mitra Rezvan /s/ Sameer Dholakia Sameer Dholakia /s/ Alec Gallimore Alec Gallimore /s/ Elena Gomez Elena Gomez /s/ William Losch William Losch /s/ Rathi Murthy Rathi Murthy /s/ Zachary Nelson Zachary Nelson /s/ Alex Solomon Alex Solomon /s/ Bonita Stewart Bonita Stewart Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) March 16, 2023 Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) March 16, 2023 Vice President, Finance and Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) March 16, 2023 March 16, 2023 March 16, 2023 March 16, 2023 March 16, 2023 March 16, 2023 March 16, 2023 March 16, 2023 March 16, 2023 Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 117 [This page intentionally left blank] BR69553P-0422-COMBO BR69553P-0422-COMBO