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Parity Group plc

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FY2021 Annual Report · Parity Group plc
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Annual Report and Accounts 
2021 

Parity Group plc 

Company number: 3539413 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 

Parity Group plc 

Company Information .................................................................................................................................3 

Chairman’s Statement ................................................................................................................................4 

Operational and Financial Review ..............................................................................................................6 

Principal Risks and Uncertainties ............................................................................................................. 12 

Section 172 of the Companies Act (2007) ............................................................................................... 15 

Corporate Governance Report ................................................................................................................. 16 

The Board ................................................................................................................................................. 22 

Corporate Social Responsibility Report ................................................................................................... 24 

Remuneration Committee Report ........................................................................................................... 26 

Audit Committee Report .......................................................................................................................... 32 

Directors’ Report ...................................................................................................................................... 35 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 38 

Independent Auditor’s Report ................................................................................................................. 40 

Accounts ................................................................................................................................................... 51 

Notes to the Financial Statements ........................................................................................................... 58 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Information 

Advisors 

Parity Group plc 

Registered office 

82 St John Street 

London EC1M 4JN 

Tel: 020 8171 1729 

Registered in England & Wales  

No. 3539413 

Auditor 

Grant Thornton UK LLP 

30 Finsbury Square 

London EC2A 1AG 

Bankers 

RBS Group 

9th Floor 

280 Bishopsgate 

London EC2M 4RB 

Leumi ABL Ltd  

Pacific House  

Brighton BN1 3TE 

Nominated advisor & broker 

Allenby Capital Ltd  

5th Floor 

5 St Helen’s Place 

London 

EC3A 6AB 

Registrars 

Equiniti Limited 

Aspect House  

Spencer Road, Lancing 

West Sussex BN99 6DA 

Tel: 037 1384 2382 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Chairman’s Statement 

Parity  is  a  people  business.   At  its  core,  the  Company  has  a  strong  heritage  and  brand,  recognised  for  its 
strengths in engaging and placing talented professionals to carry out important work in both the public and 
commercial sectors. 

Over the last few years, the business had lost sight of these strengths as it pursued a strategy in a different 
direction.  Unfortunately, this did not deliver the performance expected. 

A change in key management in June 2021 led to a review of opportunities for the business.  The decision was 
made to refocus on Parity’s core competence in recruitment solutions, where its brand and reputation is strong 
and where market activity provides a wealth of opportunities for value and growth.  

As a result, 2021 became a year of two halves, the first continuing the pursuit of a strategy that failed to ignite, 
the  second  reclaiming  the  original  purpose  of  the  Parity  business,  that  of  being  a  trusted  and  successful 
provider of recruitment solutions. 

As a supplier of critical and in demand IT and data skills we have continued to meet the needs of existing clients 
during the year and have had notable successes in the second half of 2021, growing 3 of our largest accounts, 
one of which has more than doubled in size over the last 18-months.  We are suppliers on the UK’s key public 
sector frameworks for IT and Data resources and see an opportunity in 2022 to grow this further.  

High employee turnover over the previous three years and the impact of working remotely from home during 
the pandemic has meant that a key focus for us during the second half of 2021 has been rebuilding employee 
morale and motivation.   

We have made rapid progress creating a new culture within the business that will enable us to foster growth 
and development.  We have established an academy structure around our core recruitment team to develop 
our own talent and this is already adding value with a second cohort joining the academy in January 2022.  As 
a business we seek to offer opportunities for all and are proud of our diverse and inclusive workforce.  Whilst 
we strive for more, we are proud of the fact that we have a gender balanced workforce. 

Parity  is  now  smaller  than  it  has  been  historically,  however  changes  in  back-office  processes  and  systems 
alongside the re-building of a capable and scalable recruitment solutions team places us in a strong position 
to benefit from the continuing demand for digital transformation.  As businesses adapt to new ways of doing 
business post Covid, we are supplying our clients with the talented and experienced people that make this 
change possible. 

Over the last three years  the  Group has actively transformed itself into a highly flexible business, its cloud 
infrastructure and digital backbone combined with a hybrid working environment enable the business to adapt 
and scale to meet future opportunities and challenges. Alongside this, we have put in place a new three-year 
asset based lending facility in 2021 with Leumi ABL that will provide support and flexibility as we grow the 
business. 

People, remain critical to the success of most if not all, commercial and public service activities.  As technology 
advances, talent is relied on to define and architect solutions, integrate and implement components, manage 
change and continuously develop advances that deliver improvements to the way things work. 

This  all  takes  place  in  a  market  where  the  best  talent  is  demanding  more  flexibility  whilst  the  ecosystem 
demands  greater  productivity.   Demand  for  talent  to  support  this  ever-changing  environment  continues 
unabated.   It  is  into  this  environment  Parity  has  strong  foundations  to  acquire  and  provide  solutions  that 
deliver value.  

As we chart our path forwards, we are excited by the opportunity.  

4 

 
 
 
We end as we start, our business is all about people and the changes over the last six to nine months have only 
been  made  possible  by  our  talented  and  committed  teams  in  Edinburgh  and  London.   On  behalf  of  my 
colleagues, I wish to thank the whole team at Parity for their work so far, we have more to do, however the 
base from which we move forward is now solid. 

Parity Group plc 

Mark Braund 

Executive Chairman 

27 April 2022 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Operational and Financial Review 

Overview 

•  During 2021 the business continued to develop key relationships with growth in 3 of top 5 client accounts. 

•  The refocus of investment to support the development and growth of the core recruitment business has 

been delivered in 2021 without increasing costs. 

•  As a result the Group recorded a modest Adjusted EBITDA profit of £0.1m for 2021 (2020: £1.1m). 

•  The Group maintains its strong cash collection with a DSO of 17 days (2020: 14 days) and no bad debts. 

•  During  2021  the  Group  replaced  its  previous  asset  based  lending  facility  (ABL)  with  a  new  3  year  debt 

facility provided by Leumi ABL, increasing funding flexibility across both billed and unbilled assets. 

•  As a consequence of the changes to the business in 2021 the Group made increased use of its ABL facility 

and at 31 December 2021 the net debt was £1.2m (2020: net cash of £0.2m). 

•  The defined benefit pension scheme surplus has increased significantly during 2021 to £1.9m.  

   Performance highlights for 2021 

   Revenue (£ million) 
   Net Fee Income (£ million) 

EBITDA (£ million) 3 

Operating (loss)/profit (£ 
million) 

(Loss)/profit before tax (£ 
million) 

2021 

Adjusted 
1 

47.0 
4.1 
0.1 

Reported 
47.0 
4.1 
(0.4) 

2020 

Adjusted 
1 

57.8 
5.6 
1.1 

Reported 
57.8 
5.6 
0.7 

   Variance 2 

-19% 
-27% 
-89% 

(0.3) 

(0.8) 

0.5 

0.0 

-157% 

(0.6) 

(1.1) 

0.1 

(0.3) 

-552% 

   Basic earnings per share (pence) 
   Net (debt)/cash (£million) 4 

(0.08) 
(1.2) 

(0.62) 
(1.2) 

(0.02) 
0.2 

(0.46) 
0.2 

Notes 

1 - Excludes from the Income Statement the impact of non-underlying items of £0.5m in 2021 (2020:  £0.4m) 

2 - Variance compares 2021 adjusted against 2020 adjusted to provide a consistent view of performance 

3 - EBITDA is calculated as Operating profit excluding Amortisation and Depreciation and share based payments 

4 - Net cash represents cash and cash equivalents less loans and borrowings and excluding leases 

The financial performance in 2021 reflects the challenging year for the Group.  

Whilst our strong position in the public sector helped cushion the impact of Covid in 2020, the return of the 
market and contractor mobility/churn in particular, exposed the lack of depth in the recruitment team and the 
business was unable to take advantage of the increasingly buoyant recruitment market during 2021. This has 
had a significant impact upon performance in 2021. 

To address this, investment in H2 2021 was redirected to rebuilding the recruitment capability. A reallocation 
of  resource  from  non-core  activities  to  support  client  facing  recruitment  along  with  a  streamlining  of  the 
extended  management  team  meant  that  this  was  achieved  without  an  increase  in  operating  costs  (non-
underlying costs excluded). This close management of costs within the Group has enabled the Group to deliver 
a modest Adjusted EBITDA for 2021 despite the fall in Net Fee Income. 

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Parity Group plc 

Revenue 

Year on year revenue has declined by 19% to £47m, driven by a fall in contract recruitment revenue that makes 
up 97% of total revenue.  

The impact of an under resourced recruitment team and lack of additional capacity to pursue new business 
has been a year on year fall in the number of contractors by 20%.  This decline in contractor numbers has in 
part been offset by an increase in average billing rates by 8% during the year, reaching £504/day in December 
2021. 

This increase is attributable to two factors: 

•  Over the last 2 years the business has been increasingly focusing its contract recruitment on higher 

value IT resources. 

•  The increased enforcement of IR35 legislation and potential for large penalties has prompted many 
organisations to take a conservative approach to IR35 assessments. The impact of this is an increase 
in roles deemed to be inside IR35. To attract candidates, clients are in most cases having to increase 
rates to offset the increased tax burden a contractor faces if inside IR35. 

Non recruitment revenues totalled £1.3m in 2021 (2020: £1.6m). 

Net Fee Income 

Total Net Fee Income was £4.1m in 2021, a fall of £1.5m (27%) over 2020. Of this £0.3m is attributable non-
recruitment  Net  Fee  Income  and  the  remaining  £1.2m  is  a  direct  consequence  of  the  lower  Contract 
Recruitment Net Fee income, of £3.4m (2020: £4.6m).  

Lower contractor numbers in 2021 account for £1.1m of the drop in Contract Recruitment Net Fee Income. In 
parallel with the reduction in contractors the underlying % margin has fallen from 8.2% to 7.4% resulting in a 
£0.4m  reduction  in  Net  Fee  Income.  This  margin  dilution  reflects  the  impact  of  the  under  resourced 
recruitment team who were successfully able to support and grow large key accounts but unable to manage 
and  pursue  smaller  higher  margin  accounts.  These  two  adverse  variances  are  partially  tempered  by  the 
increase in billing rate during the year which has flowed through to Net Fee income, adding £0.3m. 

With the new recruitment team in place, there is now resourcing to cover all accounts and with a renewed 
focus on engaging with contractors there will be a push to win back higher margin business in 2022. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Segmental performance 

As  noted  previously,  the  key  driver  of  the  lower  revenue  and  net  fee  income  has  been  a  fall  in  contractor 
numbers. This has had an impact on both public and private sector income streams with a lack of capacity in 
the recruitment team during the first three quarters of the year limiting the ability to manage beyond key 
accounts. 

In the public sector specifically, this has resulted in a decline in net fee income by 27%, driven by the loss of 
contractors in the first three quarters. The slight drop in % margin reflects the loss of some smaller, higher 
margin accounts. 

Private sector has maintained revenue in line with the prior year at £14.5m as a result of strong growth in a 
key account during the year that has offset lower contractor numbers elsewhere and the impact of the failure 
to establish a sustainable and scalable consultancy division.  

Net fee income for private sector has dropped by £0.5m with growth from the key account adding £0.2m to 
net fee income but insufficient to offset a fall of £0.4m due to lower contractor numbers in smaller accounts 
where margins are higher. Additionally, the failure to generate new consulting opportunities was responsible 
for a further £0.2m of the drop in Net fee income. 

The fall in net fee income as a % of revenue between 2020 and 2021 reflects a change in revenue mix, with a 
fall in high % margin consulting income being replaced by lower margin contract recruitment. 

Selling and Administration Costs 

2021 was a year of two halves for expenditure, H1 2021 began with the business making further investments 
in  management  and  new  business  capability  to  support  the  continual  development  of  non-recruitment 
activities.  Following  the  change  in  management  in  June  2021  investment  shifted  towards  recruitment, 
rebuilding the capacity in the team during H2 2022 to take advantage of future opportunities in the market.  

Resources  engaged  in  non-core  activities  were  reduced  during  H2  2021  and  the  management  team 
streamlined to facilitate the investment in additional recruitment resources. This created £1.1m (Annualised) 
of capacity to re-invest in recruitment and new business resources.  

8 

 
 
Parity Group plc 
In addition to hiring experienced recruitment professionals, investment has also been made into long term 
development of employees with the creation of an academy structure focused on developing talent in house. 
The  first  cohort  through  the  academy  are  already  thriving  and  second  intake  started  in  January  2022,  this 
structure will support the Group’s organic growth and profitability in future years. 

   Operating costs before non-underlying items 

   GBP million 

Selling & Administration expenses 

Share-based payment charges 

   Depreciation & amortisation 
   Total 

H1 

H2 

(2.1) 

(1.9) 

0.0 

0.1 

(0.2) 

(0.3) 

(2.3) 

(2.1) 

FY21 

(4.0) 

0.1 

(0.5) 

(4.4) 

H2 vs 
H1  

-9.1% 

n/a 

14.6% 

-9.5% 

Selling and Administration costs for H2 2021 were 9% lower than H1 2021, this variance is primarily the result 
of the switch from non-core activities into core recruitment and gives the Group scope to invest further in 
2022. Against prior year, Selling and Administration costs are 10% lower. 

Depreciation and amortisation 

In accordance with IFRS 16, the 2021 results are presented with lease assets and liabilities recognised in the 
Group’s Statement of Financial Position, where the Group is the lessee.      

Non-underlying items 

The  Board  measures  the  performance  of  the  Group  after  excluding  costs  (and  income)  that  would  not  be 
incurred during the normal operation of the business and classify these exceptional costs under the category 
of non-underlying items. With the change in management in June 2021 and subsequent refocus around the 
recruitment business the non-underlying costs incurred in 2021 total £0.6m (2020: £0.4m) and relate almost 
entirely to the costs of departing employees. A detailed analysis of the non-underlying items is provided in 
note 5 on page 68. 

Taxation 

The tax income on profit before tax was £0.47m (2020: charge of £0.15m), mainly representing a deferred tax 
adjustment  in  respect  of  recognition  of  tax  losses  that  were  not  recognised  previously.  The  Group  did  not 
provide for corporation tax payable in 2021 due to the utilisation of Group relief and the availability of carried 
forward deductible timing differences and tax losses. 

Earnings per share and dividend 

The basic loss per share from continuing operations was 0.62 pence (2020: loss of 0.46 pence per share). The 
Group’s results for both 2021 and 2020 were impacted by restructuring costs. 

The Board does not propose a dividend for 2021 (2020: nil).  

Statement of financial position 

Trade and other receivables 

The Group continues to maintain its strong performance on trade debtors, keeping a close relationship with 
clients to ensure both prompt payment and quick resolution of any issues, this approach has both maintained 
low debtor days and also ensured that the business has no bad debt. Group debtor days (calculated on billings 
on a countback basis) at the end of the year were 17 days (2020: 14 days). 

Overall trade and other receivables decreased during the year to £4.8m (2020: £6.1m), the main driver being 
the reduction in contractor numbers. 

9 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Trade and other payables 

Trade and other payables decreased during the year by £1.3m to £3.6m (2020: £4.9m). Of this, key variances 
were £0.6m decrease attributable to the reduction in contractor numbers and a further £0.3m to the payment 
of VAT deferred in 2020 under the Covid-19 VAT deferral scheme. 

Parity Group plc 

At the year end, creditor days were 23 days (2020: 23 days). 

Loans and borrowings 

Loans  and  borrowings  represent  the  Group’s  debt  under  its  asset-based  lending  (“ABL”)  facility.  This  is  a 
working capital facility and linked to the same cycle as trade receivables. In April 2021 the Group switched its 
ABL facility from PNC to Leumi ABL. As a result of this switch the amount that can be borrowed against billed 
and  unbilled  receivables  increased  and  borrowing  costs  reduced  because  the  Group  will  only  pay  fees  on 
amounts  it  borrows  (under  the  previous  PNC  facility  the  Group  were  charged  a  1%  fee  for  any  unutilised 
facility). The facility in place with Leumi ABL is for a minimum of 3 years giving the Group the support it needs 
to optimise its working capital requirements. 

In 2021 the average borrowings were £2.5m (2020: £1.6m) and the Group only borrowed more than £3 million 
for 79 days during the year (2020: 29 days).  

Cash flow and net debt 

Net cash outflow in the year (excluding IFRS16 adj) was £1.4m. Of this, £0.2m related to ongoing operating 
activities and a further £0.4m the impact of the non-underlying costs. In addition, the Group incurred £0.1m 
of capital expenditure for the development of a data warehouse to provide business intelligence to the Group. 
The balance of the cash outflow is made up of primarily of pension costs of £0.3m (included within the FY21 
finance costs of £0.4m) and the repayment of £0.3m of VAT deferred under the government Covid scheme. 

10 

 
 
 
 
Defined benefit pension surplus 

Solid investment management of the Defined Benefit pension scheme assets has further increased the surplus 
from £0.2m at the beginning of the year to £1.9m at the end of 2021. Whilst financial markets are currently 
volatile based on world events and there is always potential for surplus position to change, the strength of the 
scheme’s assets, is now sufficient for the Group and Trustees to target, over the medium term, a buyout of the 
scheme.  

Parity Group plc 

During 2021 the Group paid £0.3m contributions to the scheme. 

Mike Johns 
Chief Financial Officer 
27 April 2022  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal Risks and Uncertainties  

The Board maintains a close watch on issues that affect our business, markets and the wider economy. Whilst 
the markets that we operate in can be cyclical in their nature, we take necessary action to mitigate the risk 
and potential impact profile. We have provided a listing of the principal risks and uncertainties below:   

Parity Group plc 

Status 

Reduced 

Status 

No 
change 

Status 

Reduced 

Impact of Covid-19 and macro-economic uncertainty 

Risk 

Mitigation 

Whilst the primary risk of the Covid 
pandemic is generally agreed to have 
passed, there is a residual effect as Covid 
continues to result in a higher than 
normal number of lost working days due 
to sickness. The lost working days, if 
continued for a prolonged period, could 
result in a material loss of revenue. 

The Board recognise that the risk to the 
Group from Covid has been mitigated to 
date by a client base weighted towards 
the public sector (with government 
expenditure having been more resilient 
as it supports key public services) and 
core revenue being generated by a highly 
skilled contractor base. These contractors 
are able to carry out their work remotely 
from a client and therefore it is expected 
that with the reducing seriousness of 
Covid infections any future lost working 
days will be limited as contractors can 
continue to work even if isolating at 
home. 

Strategy fails to deliver anticipated growth 

Risk 

Mitigation 

The Group’s anticipated growth may not 
be achievable if the Group is unable to 
implement its strategy effectively.  

Legislation – e.g. IR35 

Risk 

The planned extension of IR35 off-payroll 
worker regulations to the private sector 
in the UK, which was delayed to April 
2021, has caused limited short-term 
disruption as both clients and contractors 
adapted. The Group has seen a small 
impact upon revenue in 2021 as some 
contractors sought other, better paid 
roles outside of IR35.   

The Board seeks to mitigate this through 
a robust assessment of its opportunities, 
the feedback from its clients and 
potential clients, clear priorities and focus 
on delivering key objectives and 
incentivising its team to deliver against 
those objectives. 

Mitigation 

Parity’s mix of contractors is weighted 
towards the public sector, where the IR35 
reforms were introduced in 2017, 
meaning that our exposure to the risk is 
limited. We have retained good 
knowledge from our experience of the 
2017 implementation to the public 
sector, with the associated internal 
processes now business as usual. We 
have worked closely with our private 
sector clients to ensure a smooth 
transition. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

With IR35 now an ongoing consideration 
for both public and private sector 
contracting there is expected to be no 
further impact. 

Status 

No 
change 

Status 

No 
change 

Status 

Reduced 

Loss of key client accounts 

Risk 

Mitigation 

A portion of the Group’s revenues are 
dependent on the award of framework 
agreements as an approved supplier. It is 
possible that the Group will lose this 
status.  

We seek to mitigate this through closely 
monitoring our service level agreements 
and ensuring the quality of our delivery. 
The Group also has a deliberate focus on 
winning new client framework 
agreements to continue to diversify its 
revenue streams. 

Financial 

Risk 

Mitigation 

The Group maintains credit facilities that 
enable it to borrow against assets on the 
balance sheet to meet short term 
working capital requirements. Poor cash 
and liquidity management may result in 
strain on the Group’s credit facilities 
and/or operational cash flow issues. 

The Group actively monitors its liquidity 
position to ensure it has sufficient 
available funds and working capital in 
order to operate and meet its planned 
commitments and has a credit risk policy 
that requires appropriate status checks 
and or references as necessary. 

Technology 

Risk 

As an IT services provider the Group 
relies on its IT, telecommunications, and 
infrastructure systems to perform and 
manage the services we provide to 
clients. The failure or obsolescence of any 
of these systems could hinder the 
operation of end-to-end business 
processes. 

Mitigation 

The Group has moved its core IT telecoms 
systems into the Cloud, and these are 
managed remotely and are backed up 
automatically thus providing the Group 
with a high level of reliance. Having made 
these changes during 2020 and managed 
the new services for more than 12 
months there is evidence that there is 
greater resilience and therefore lower 
risk of failure. ISO 27001 and Cyber 
Essentials certifications are held ensuring 
that the business maintain high levels of 
data security. 

13 

 
 
  
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Data 

Risk 

The  Group  routinely  collects  and  uses 
personal data. Following the introduction 
of the General Data Protection Regulation 
(‘GDPR’) there is a risk of non-compliance 
with  the  legislation  and  therefore  risk  of 
litigation and the incurrence of fines. 

Status 

No 
change 

Mitigation 

The Group has implemented significant 
changes to its data collection and 
processing controls. The data privacy 
landscape is monitored, and ISO 27001 
and Cyber Essentials certifications are 
held ensuring that the business maintain 
high levels of data security. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 requires the Directors to act in a way that they consider, in good 
faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Group for the benefit of its members as a whole, 
and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to: 

a) the likely consequences of any decision in the long term; 
b) the interests of the company’s employees; 
c) the need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others; 
d) the impact of the company’s operations on the community and the environment; 
e) the desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and 
f) the need to act fairly as between members of the company. 

New Directors receive a  comprehensive, formal and  tailored induction to the  Group’s operations including 
corporate governance, the legislative framework and visits to Group premises. They can access professional 
advice on their duties from the Company Secretary or, if they deem necessary, from an independent advisor. 
The Board confirms that, during the year, it has had regard to the matters set out above. Further details as to 
how the Directors have fulfilled their duties with references to relevant areas within this annual report, are set 
out below. 

Risk management 
The  Board  recognises  the  importance  of  identification,  evaluation  and  management  of  the  Group’s  risks. 
Details  of  the  principal  risks  and  uncertainties  of  the  Group  are  set  out  on  pages  12  to  14.  The  Group’s 
statement  on  going  concern  and  future  prospects  is  included  in  the  Directors’  Report  on  page  35  and 
Chairman’s Statement on page 4. 

Employees 
The  Board  is  committed  to  the  Group  being  a  responsible  employer  and  strives  to  create  a  working 
environment where employees are engaged, informed and involved. The Group’s employment policies and 
related information is set out in the Corporate Social Responsibility Report on page 24. 

Community and the environment 
The  Board  recognises  its  responsibility  to  achieve  good  environmental  practice  and  make  a  positive 
contribution to the community. The Group’s practices and policies in this regard are set out in the Corporate 
Social Responsibility Report on page 24. 

Business conduct and relationships 
The  Board  recognises  the  importance  of  a  strong  corporate  culture  that  considers  the  best  interests  of  its 
employees,  business  partners  and  shareholders.  The  Board  recognises  its  responsibilities  to  other  external 
stakeholders including its clients, contractors and suppliers. Its strong relationships with its clients are critical 
to driving growth. The Group’s purpose, mission, vision and values are set out on page 25 and its ethics policies 
are set out in the Corporate Social Responsibility Report on page 24. 

Shareholders 
The Board is committed to openly engaging with our shareholders and recognises the importance of continuing 
communications.  It  is  important  that  shareholders  understand  the  Group’s  strategy  and  objectives  so  we 
endeavour to explain these clearly and any issues or questions raised are properly considered. The Group’s 
engagement with shareholders is set out in the Corporate Governance Report on page 16. 

15 

 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Report 

Introduction 

Parity Group plc 

The Company applies the 2018 QCA Corporate Governance Code (the Code) and this Corporate Governance 
Report for the year ended 31 December 2021 is based upon the Code. The principal means of communicating 
our application of the Code are this Annual Report and our website (www.parity.net). 

Chairman’s statement 

On behalf of the board, I acknowledge that we are responsible for corporate governance. I am specifically 
responsible for the leadership of the Board, ensuring its effectiveness on all aspects of its role, including 
good governance in dealing with all of our stakeholders. This includes ensuring that Board meetings are 
held in an open manner, that the Directors receive accurate, timely and clear information and allowing 
sufficient time for agenda items to be discussed. I am also responsible for effective communications with 
shareholders and relaying any shareholder concerns to the Directors. 

The  Board  remains  committed  to  maintaining  and  evolving  high  standards  of  corporate  governance 
throughout the organisation. In the remainder of this report, I set out how the Group applies the ten key 
principles of the Code which fall under three broad categories. 

Deliver growth 

Establish a strategy and business model which promote long term shareholder value for shareholders 

The  Group’s  strategy  is  to  drive  growth  and  profitability  through  the  development  of  the  Group’s  core 
competencies in recruitment. With the recruitment market continuing to evolve there is opportunity to 
leverage Parity’s brand, reputation and expertise to not only deliver traditional recruitment solutions but 
also  to  innovate  and  deliver  value  added  solutions  that  solve  challenges  for  its  clients  in  sourcing  and 
retaining critical talent.  

Challenges faced by the Group in executing its strategy include repositioning the business service offerings, 
market competition and macro-economic factors. The principal risks and uncertainties faced by the Group 
and potential mitigation can be found on pages 12 to 14. 

Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations 

The Board seeks to understand the needs of its shareholders through regular engagement with its major 
shareholders. At the same time the Board recognises the need to balance the interests of significant and 
minority shareholders. 

The Group engages with major shareholders through presentations and meetings after the announcement 
of  the  Group’s  full  year  results  and  interim  results.  All  shareholders  are  given  the  opportunity  to 
communicate directly with the Board  at the  Annual General Meeting. From time to time  the Executive 
Directors attend investor events which provides an opportunity to speak to both existing and prospective 
retail shareholders. The Senior Independent Director acts as an additional contact point for shareholders 
if  they  have  reason  for  concerns,  when  contact  with  the  normal  channels  has  failed  to  resolve  their 
concerns.  

The Group maintains an investor website which holds all relevant shareholder information. 

16 

 
 
Wider stakeholder and social responsibilities 

Parity Group plc 

As a professional services business, Parity’s strength derives from the commitment, capability and cultural 
diversity of its employees. The Group encourages the participation of all employees in the operation and 
development of the business by offering access to senior management, including executive directors, and 
adopting a policy of regular communications through business updates, all staff events, and the intranet.  

The  Group  also  recognises  its  responsibilities  to  other  external  stakeholders  including  its  clients, 
contractors, suppliers, the trustees of the defined benefit pension plan and its asset-based lender. 

It is Group policy to be a good corporate citizen wherever it operates. Encouragement and support are 
provided to employees who undertake charity or volunteer work. 

The Group’s Social, Environmental and Ethical policies can be found in the Corporate Social Responsibility 
Report on page 24. 

Embed effective risk management 

The  Board  is  ultimately  responsible  for  the  Group’s  system  of  internal  control  and  for  reviewing  its 
effectiveness and is assisted in this respect by the Audit Committee. The Group maintains an internal risk 
register which is updated and reviewed periodically by the Audit Committee. 

The Group does not consider it necessary to have a separate internal audit function due to the Group’s 
size and its centralised administrative function but keeps this need under review. The Company receives 
regular  feedback  from  its  external  auditors  on  the  effectiveness  of  its  internal  controls  and  aims  to 
implement any improvements identified.  

The principal risks faced by the Group are presented on pages 12 to 14. The Board is not aware of any 
significant failings or weaknesses in the system of internal control. 

Maintain a dynamic management framework 

Maintain a well-functioning, balanced board 

At  the  date  of  this  report,  the  Board  comprises  myself  as  Executive  Chairman,  David  Firth  and  Gerard 
Brandon, both Non-Executive Directors, and Mike Johns, Chief Financial Officer. The table on page 29 sets 
out the dates of tenure of the current Directors on the Board.  

The Board has a balance of Executive and Non-Executive Directors such that no individual or small group of 
individuals can dominate the Board’s decision making. The Board has a range of backgrounds and skills. The 
Board considers all Non-Executive Directors to be independent, with only one (David Firth) having a length 
of  service  of  greater  than  five  years.  The  Non-Executive  Directors  ensure  that  independent  judgement  is 
brought  to  Board  discussions  and  decisions.  The  Board  considers  that  there  are  no  relationships  or 
circumstances which are likely to affect the independent judgement of the Non-Executive Directors. 

In June 2021 I moved from my role as Non-Executive Chairman into a part-time Executive Chairman role 
following the departure of the previous Chief Executive Officer. In my capacity as Executive Chairman I am 
responsible, in addition to board related matters, for overseeing the management of the day to day business 
of  the  Group.  Supporting  me  in  this  are  Mike  Johns,  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  Isobel  Brown,  Director, 
Recruitment Business. Together the 3 of us form the executive management team responsible for the key 
decision making within the Group.  

17 

 
The Board has meetings scheduled regularly throughout the year to review and approve the Group’s 
strategy and to monitor progress against set objectives. Additional meetings are also held as business 
dictates. The Board has a formal schedule of matters reserved for its specific approval which includes a 
review of Group strategic, operational and financial matters such as proposed acquisitions and 
divestments. All members of the Board are supplied in advance of meetings with the agenda and 
supporting papers covering the matters which are to be considered.  

Parity Group plc 

Whilst there is a clear division of responsibilities, the Non-Executive Directors remain in regular contact 
with the Executive Directors outside of board meetings. For example, I have catch up calls with the Non-
Executive Directors in between board meetings and David Firth, as Chairman of the Audit Committee is in 
periodic  contact  with  the  CFO  on  financial  matters.  The  Non-Executive  Directors  are  also  available  to 
support on material matters as and when that support is required.    

As Executive Chairman, I am responsible for the leadership of the Board, ensuring its effectiveness on all 
aspects of its role. This includes ensuring that Board meetings are held in an open manner, that the Directors 
receive accurate, timely and clear information and allowing sufficient time for agenda items to be discussed. 
I am also responsible for effective communications with shareholders and relaying any shareholder concerns 
to the Directors. During the period under review I met with the Non-Executive Directors without the other 
Executive Director being present. 

Directors  appointed  since  the  last  annual  General  Meeting,  and  those  retiring  by  rotation  will  submit 
themselves for election or re-election at the next Annual General Meeting, as set out in the Directors’ Report 
on page 35 and in the separate Notice of Annual General Meeting sent to all shareholders. I confirm that the 
performance  of  each  Director  continues  to  be  effective  and  the  individuals  continue  to  demonstrate 
commitment to their role. 

New Directors receive a comprehensive, formal and tailored induction to the Group’s operations including 
corporate governance, the legislative framework and visits to Group premises. 

A  table  showing  the  number  of  meetings  of  the  Board  and  its  Committees  held  during  the  year,  and 
attendance at those meetings by each Board member, is set out below.  

During the year, 9 scheduled Board meetings were convened, along with 3 ad hoc Board meetings to deal 
with various matters. Details of attendance at Board meetings is summarised below. Committee attendance 
is shown for Committee members only. 

Number held 

Number attended 
John Conoley2 
David Firth 
Gerard Brandon 
Matthew Bayfield3 
Mike Johns 
Mark Braund4 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Excludes ad hoc meetings 
Resigned on 21/04/2021 
Resigned on 09/06/2021 
Appointed on 21/04/2021 

Board1 
9 

Audit 
2 

Nomination 
0 

Remuneration 
2 

2/2  
2/2 

1/1 

4/4  
9/9  
8/9  
4/4  
9/9  
5/5  

1/1  
2/2  

1/1 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All Directors who were members of the Board at the time attended the Group’s Annual General Meeting on 
10 June 2021 apart from Gerard Brandon. 

Parity Group plc 

The Board maintains close dialogue by email, telephone and conference calls between scheduled meetings. 
The Board has a formal schedule of matters reserved for its specific approval which includes a review of Group 
strategic, operational and financial matters such as proposed acquisitions and divestments. It approves the 
annual accounts and interim report, the annual budget, significant transactions, major capital expenditure and 
reviews  the  effectiveness  of  the  system  of  internal  control  and  the  risks  faced  by  the  Group.  It  covers  all 
controls, including financial, operational, compliance and risk management.  

The Board delegates specific responsibilities to three Committees: the Audit Committee, the Remuneration 
Committee and the Nomination Committee. The Audit, Remuneration and Nomination Committees of the 
Board each have formal written terms of reference. These terms of reference are available on the Group’s 
website (www.parity.net). 

The Audit Committee comprises David Firth as Non-Executive Director and Mark Braund as Executive Chairman 
and is chaired by David Firth. The Audit Committee has met twice in 2021. Details of the responsibilities of the 
Audit Committee are set out in the Audit Committee Report on pages 32 to 34. Where necessary, specialist 
external consultants are used to assist the Committee.  

The  Remuneration  Committee  comprises  both  Non-Executive  Directors  and  the  Executive  Chairman  and  is 
chaired  by  David  Firth.  Details  of  the  responsibilities  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  are  set  out  in  the 
Remuneration Report on pages 26 to 31. Where necessary, specialist external consultants are used to assist 
the Committee.  

The Nomination Committee comprises both Non-Executive Directors and the Executive Chairman. It is chaired 
by Mark Braund. It is responsible for proposing candidates for appointment to the Board, having due regard 
to the balance and structure of the Board, as well as succession planning. The Committee did not meet in 2021.   

The  typical  process  for  new  Board  appointments  includes  an  initial  search,  preliminary  interviews  and 
discussions.  Following  this  process,  recommendations  are  then  made  by  the  Committee  to  the  Board  on 
merit against objective criteria. Where necessary, external recruitment consultants are used to assist the 
process. 

Ensure the board has the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities  

Directors who have been appointed to the Board have been chosen because of the skills and experience 
they offer. The Directors’ biographies, which are set out on pages 22 and 23, illustrate the range of business 
backgrounds,  skills,  independence  and  experience  contributed  by  each  Board  member.  The  Board  are 
aware of the importance of attaining greater diversity amongst its members. 

Each member of the Board takes responsibility for maintaining their skill sets, which includes roles and 
experience  with  other  boards  and  organisations.  The  Group  pays  subscriptions  to  various  professional 
organisations,  for  example  the  QCA,  which  provide  the  Directors  with  access  to  regular  market  and 
regulatory updates. Some of the Directors have individual membership of professional organisations that 
require their members to evidence continual professional development on an annual basis. All Directors 
have the opportunity to undertake relevant training and attend relevant seminars and forums. 

Where the Board considers specialist advice is required to address matters reserved for the Board, it will 
seek to engage competent external advisors.  

David Firth acted as the Senior Independent Director during 2021. He was an additional contact point for 
shareholders if they had reason for concern, when contact through the normal channels of the Executive 
Directors and Chairman had failed to resolve their concerns, or where such contact was inappropriate. 

19 

 
 
 
 
All  Directors  have  access  to  the  advice  and  services  of  the  Company  Secretary,  who  is  responsible  for 
ensuring  that  Board  procedures,  applicable  rules  and  regulations  are  observed.  There  is  an  agreed 
procedure  for  Directors  to  obtain  independent  professional  advice,  if  necessary,  at  the  Company’s 
expense.  

Parity Group plc 

Evaluating board performance and development 

The  Board  undertakes  regular  evaluations  of  its  own  performance  and  that  of  its  Committees  and 
individual Directors.  

Promoting ethical values and behaviours 

The  Group  is  committed  to  maintaining  the  highest  standards  of  ethics,  professionalism  and  business 
conduct as well as ensuring that we act in accordance with the law at all times. Further details are set out 
under the “Ethics” section of the Corporate Social Responsibility Report on page 25. 

A critical aspect of the Group’s strategy is to be perceived as a trusted partner of its clients. In order to 
achieve this objective, a culture of teamwork, openness, integrity and professionalism forms a key element 
of our company principles and values which sets out the standards of behaviour we expect from all our 
employees. The Company’s values are set out on page 25. The Board supports and promotes the principles 
of equal opportunities in employment and promotes a culture where every employee is treated fairly. The 
Board and management conduct themselves ethically at all times and promote a culture in line with the 
standards set out in the Company’s intranet.  

Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose 

The Audit, Remuneration and Nomination Committees of the Board each have formal written terms of 
reference.  These  terms  of  reference  are  available  in  the  Corporate  Governance  section  of  the  Group’s 
website (www.parity.net). 

All  Directors  have  access  to  the  advice  and  services  of  the  Company  Secretary,  who  is  responsible  for 
ensuring  that  Board  procedures,  applicable  rules  and  regulations  are  observed.  There  is  an  agreed 
procedure for Directors to obtain independent professional advice, if necessary, at the Group’s expense. 
New Directors receive a comprehensive, formal and tailored induction to the Group’s operations including 
corporate governance, the legislative framework. 

Authority  is  delegated  to  senior  operational  management  through  Group  authorisation  limits  on  a 
structured basis, ensuring that proper management oversight exists at the appropriate level. The executive 
management team comprises the Executive Chairman, the Chief Financial Officer, and Isobel Brown, the 
Director, Recruitment Business. The executive management team meet regularly and can be attended by 
other senior management as appropriate. Any key issues from these meeting are reported to the main 
Board. 

Build trust 

Communicate how the company is governed and performing, maintaining a dialogue with shareholders 
and other relevant stakeholders 

The Board attaches great importance to providing shareholders with clear and transparent information on 
the  Group's  activities,  strategy  and  financial  position.  Details  of  all  shareholder  communications  are 
provided on the Group's website (www.parity.net). 

20 

 
The  Company  engages  where  possible  in  regular  dialogue  with  its  major  shareholders  through 
presentations and meetings after the announcement of the Group’s full year and interim results. Private 
and  institutional  shareholders  are  given  an  opportunity  to  communicate  directly  with  the  Board  at  the 
Annual  General  Meeting.  Shareholders’  queries  received  via  the  Company  Secretary’s  email  address  at 
cosec@parity.net or by telephone to the Group’s head office are responded to in person by the Company 
Secretary or by another appropriate employee. 

Parity Group plc 

All  members  of  the  Board  usually  attend  the  Annual  General  Meeting.  The  chairmen  of  the  Audit, 
Remuneration and Nomination Committees will normally be available to answer shareholders’ questions 
at that meeting. Notice of the Meeting is posted to shareholders with the report and accounts no fewer 
than 21 clear days prior to the date of the Annual General Meeting. The information sent to shareholders 
includes  a  summary  of  the  business  to  be  covered  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting,  where  a  separate 
resolution  is  proposed  for  each  substantive  matter.  The  Group’s  annual  report  and  accounts,  interim 
report and other stock exchange announcements are published on the Group’s website at www.parity.net.  

The Annual Report is designed to present a fair, balanced and understandable view of the Group’s activities 
and prospects. The Operational and Financial Review provides an assessment of the Group’s affairs and 
position. The Annual Report is sent to all shareholders on the shareholder register. The Group’s Annual 
and Interim Reports and Notices of the Annual General Meeting for the past 5 years are available on the 
Group’s website. 

The Group details how it is governed and performing both in this Annual Report and Financial Statements 
and on its website. 

The reports to the shareholders of the Audit and Remuneration Committee can be found on pages 32 and 
26 respectively. 

Mark Braund  
Executive Chairman 
27 April 2022 

21 

 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

The Board 

Mark Braund (60) 
Executive Chairman 

Appointment Date: 
April 2021 

David Firth (61) 
Non-Executive Director 

Gerard Brandon (60) 
Non-Executive Director 

Appointment Date: 
September 2016 

Appointment Date: 
May 2020 

Experience: 
Previously Chief Executive of 
RedstoneConnect plc (now 
known as Smartspace Software 
plc), Chief Executive of 
InterQuest Group plc. Current 
Chairman of REACT Group plc 

Committees: 
Chairman of the Nominations 
Committee and member of the 
Remuneration, and Audit 
Committees. 

External Appointments: 
Chairman of REACT Group plc. 
Chairman of Livingstone Group 

Skills brought to the board: 
Significant experience across a 
number of business sectors, 
both in the UK and overseas 
including recruitment & HR 
services, outsourcing, managed 
services and digital software & 
technology. 

Experience: 
Previously Finance Director of 
Penna Consulting for 16 years 
and Group Finance Director of 
Parity for 4 years 

Committees: 
Chairman of the Remuneration, 
and Audit Committees and 
member of the Nominations 
Committee. 

External Appointments: 
Non-Executive Chairman at 
Best of the Best plc and Non-
Executive Director at Celadon 
Pharmaceuticals plc and i-nexus 
Global plc. 

Skills brought to the board: 
A wealth of experience in the 
people management and 
consultancy markets. Has held 
senior finance positions in 
public companies across a 
number of sectors 

Experience: 
Founder and CEO of Alltracel 
Pharmaceuticals plc. Previously 
appointed as a Managing 
Partner for Farmabrand Private 
Equity and an Executive 
Consultant to Eplixo Limited. A 
Fellow of the Ryan Academy of 
Entrepreneurs in Dublin. 

Committees: 
Member of the Nominations 
and Remuneration Committees 

External Appointments: 
CEO of Deepverge plc  and 
Cellulac plc and Non-Executive 
Chairman of Microsaic Systems 
plc 

Skills brought to the board: 
A wealth of knowledge and 
expertise in leading AIM listed 
companies, both in senior 
executive and non-executive 
roles. 

Number of Board meetings 
attended in 2021: 
 5/5 

Number of Board meetings 
attended in 2021: 
9/9  

Number of Board meetings 
attended in 2021: 
8/9  

Sector experience: 
Recruitment & HR services 
sector and relevant technology 
sectors. 

Sector experience: 
People management, 
consultancy, finance, 
recruitment, IT services, motor 
retailing and advertising 

Sector experience: 
Technology, health, 
pharmaceutical, services and 
utilities 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Mike Johns (51) 
Chief Financial Officer 

Appointment Date: 
June 2020 

Experience: 
Previous work in the technology 
and data sectors across both 
financial and operational roles 
including CFO of SmartStream 
Technologies, CFO of Iris 
Financial Solutions, CEO of TIS 
Software and most recently 
CFO/COO at Oxford based 3D 
technology business Fuel3D 

Skills brought to the board: 
More than 20 years of board 
level experience, including of 
corporate transactions having 
completed a buy out, two trade 
sales, multiple fundraises and 
acquisitions. Experience in 
delivering growth and 
transformation strategies 

Number of Board meetings 
attended in 2021: 
9/9  

Sector experience: 
Fintech, biotech, enterprise 
software, IT services, data and 
mobile commerce 

23 

 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Corporate Social Responsibility Report 

Employment policies  

As a professional services business, Parity’s strength derives from the commitment, capability and cultural 
diversity of its employees. The Group aims to adopt a policy of diversity at all levels including selection, role 
assignment, teamwork and individual career development.  

The Group encourages the participation of all employees in the operation and development of the business 
by offering open access to senior management, including the Executive Directors, and adopting a policy of 
regular communications through road shows and the intranet.  

The  Group  incentivises  employees  through  share-based  incentives  and  the  payment  of  bonuses  and 
commissions  linked  to  performance  objectives.  Where  appropriate  these  objectives  are  linked  to 
profitability. The Group is looking to implement an improved talent development programme in 2022. 

Health & Safety 

The health and safety of Parity’s employees is paramount. Group policy is to provide and maintain safe and 
healthy  working  conditions,  equipment  and  systems  of  work  for  all  employees  and  to  provide  such 
information, training and supervision as is needed for this purpose. 

Appropriate written health and safety information outlining the Group’s policy in each area is issued to all 
new employees. This includes: 

•  First aid — There is in place a person qualified in first aid. First aid boxes are readily accessible and 

records kept of all accidents and injuries. 

•  Fire safety — There is in place an evacuation marshal who will liaise with building management or local 
emergency authorities, as appropriate. Evacuation assembly points are agreed for every location and 
full evacuations are carried out when circumstances permit. Fire alarms are tested regularly. 

•  Employees’  physical  health  —  Any  employee  who  believes  he/she  is  suffering  from  an  illness  or 
condition related to their working environment is encouraged to report this to his/her manager for 
investigation. 

•  Employees’ mental health – the Company has put in place additional measures to support employees 
with mental health issues, including external training for a selected member of staff to act as a mental 
health first aider. 

Much of 2021 was impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. The Company followed all government guidelines in 
respect of working from home and operated strict Covid-secure policies during the times offices were able 
to be occupied safely. All employees were supported with equipment to work effectively from home. 

Annual Health and Safety audits are carried out to ensure high standards are maintained.  

As part of its benefits package Parity offers a number of benefits to support the health and well-being of its 
staff, as well as an Employee Assistance helpline. 

Social responsibilities 

It  is  Group  policy  to  be  a  good  corporate  citizen  wherever  it  operates.  As  part  of  the  Group’s  social 
responsibility, employees are encouraged to support national charities and also become involved in their 
local communities and fundraising events.  

The Group encourages employees who undertake volunteer work and firmly believes that the experience 
gained contributes to the individual’s personal development. Where possible, the Group provides flexibility 
with working hours to accommodate such commitments outside of work. 

24 

 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Environmental policy 

While the Group’s operations by their very nature have minimal environmental impact, the Group recognises 
its responsibilities to protect and sustain the environment and its resources. The Group’s policy is to meet or 
exceed the statutory requirements in this area and it has adopted a code of good environmental practice, 
particularly  in  its  main  areas  of  environmental  impact,  namely  energy  efficiency,  use  and  recycling  of 
resources and transport. 

Transport 
Public transport is used whenever possible. Interest-free season ticket loans are made to staff as part of the 
benefits package. Collaborative working technologies (including Microsoft Teams) are used to communicate 
with clients, candidates and internally between offices, reducing the need for business travel and increasing 
efficiency.  All  employees  are  supported  to  work  from  home  as  has  been  needed  during  the  Covid-19 
pandemic. 

Energy 
Only energy-efficient computers and devices are acquired and they are turned off at the end of each day. As 
a normal part of its operations the Group seeks to occupy offices which have efficient building management 
systems and, ideally, low energy lighting. 

Whenever economically justifiable, the paper and other consumables used are made from environmentally-
friendly or recycled material or from renewable resources. 

Recycling 
Appropriate containers are provided at all offices and recyclable waste collected is sent to recycling plants. 
The facilities used by the Group, such as toner cartridges, are recycled where possible by its office provider. 
When  replaced,  computers  and  peripherals  are  offered  to  employees  at  market  value,  local  schools  or 
charities, or sent to recycling plants. 

Paper usage 
The  Group  constantly  strives  to  implement  paper-saving  practices  to  reduce  wastage.  Examples  include 
scanned records, electronic timesheets, e-invoicing, e-payslips and electronic expense claims. As a result of 
the Covid-19 pandemic where all employees worked from home, the use of paper has reduced significantly 
with most business now being conducted digitally, including the negotiation and signing of contracts which 
makes use of digital signatures, reducing the need for paper copies to be printed and signed. 

Ethics 
Parity  Group  is  committed  to  maintaining  the  highest  standards  of  ethics,  professionalism  and  business 
conduct as well as ensuring that we act in accordance with the law at all times. The Group supports and 
promotes  the  principles  of  equal  opportunities  in  employment  and  promotes  a  culture  where  every 
employee  is  treated  fairly.  A  culture  of  teamwork,  openness,  integrity  and  professionalism  forms  a  key 
element of our company principles and values which sets out the standards of behaviour we expect from all 
our employees. 

Company Values  
Parity underwent a consultation with all staff in 2021 to redefine its core values. The new values, published 
and rolled out across the Group on 01/12/2021 are:  

We do the right thing  

1. 
We make decisions based on what is best for our customers, candidates and employees  even  if  that  means 
foregoing profit in the short term. We get excited by the opportunity to  help  others  and  believe  our  reward 
comes from adding value to the lives and businesses of those we engage with.  

We treat people as they want to be treated  

2. 
We understand everyone is different and we are proud to celebrate that difference and seek to understand 
those that we work with in all capacities from colleagues to clients alike. 

25 

 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

We believe that everyone has a voice  

3. 
We recognise the value that everyone brings to Parity and those we serve.  We listen then listen more.  We 
encourage everyone to promote new ideas, provide feedback and discuss what they believe is important. 

We create exceptional outcomes  

4. 
We work hard to be the best at what we do with our aim being to deliver exceptional outcomes for those we 
engage with. 

We believe in being rewarded for the value we create  

5. 
We  recognise  our  role  to  bring  value  to  all  our  stakeholders,  whether  providing  valuable  services  to  our 
contractors, candidates and customers, a great place to work for our colleagues or, delivering sound financial 
returns for our shareholders. 

Anti-Bribery Act 
Parity’s Anti-Bribery and Corruption policy is written to follow the UK regulatory requirements in relation to 
the  Anti-Bribery  Act.  The  policy  has  Executive  Director  ownership  and  is  available  on  the  Group’s  intranet. 
Client and supplier arrangements are regularly reviewed and employees are signposted to the Group policy at 
induction.  

During 2021 no instances of bribery or corruption were reported or identified. 

Modern Slavery Policy 
Parity Group has a zero-tolerance approach to modern slavery and is committed to acting ethically and with 
integrity in all its business dealings and relationships, and to implement and enforce effective systems and 
controls to ensure modern slavery is not taking place anywhere in its own business, or its supply chain. The 
following actions were taken in recent years: 

•  Supply  Chain  Review  –  we  continue  to  take  positive  steps  to  improve  supply  chain  transparency. 
Following the review of our policy and supply chain, we continue to believe that we operate a supply 
chain with a very low inherent risk of slave and human trafficking potential. Our supply chain is mainly 
made  up  of  UK  based  suppliers  of  professional  services,  computer  software  and  equipment,  office 
supplies  and  our  contractor  and  associate  workers.  Nevertheless,  this  assessment  is  kept  under 
continual review and due diligence is conducted with any new suppliers.   

•  Staff Signposting – Employees are signposted to the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and our Modern Slavery 

Policy at induction.  

During 2021 no instances of modern slavery were reported or identified. 

Remuneration Committee Report 

Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee comprises David Firth as Chairman, Gerard Brandon and Mark Braund. At the 
invitation of the Committee, other Directors may attend meetings, however individual Directors are excluded 
from discussions about their personal remuneration. 

The  committee  is  responsible  for  reviewing  the  Group’s  remuneration  policy,  the  emoluments  of  the 
Executive Directors and other senior management and the Group’s pension arrangements, and for making 
recommendations  thereon  to  the  Board.  The  committee  also  makes  recommendations  to  the  Board  in 
respect of awards of options under the Group’s share option schemes. It also reviews the terms of service 
contracts with senior employees and Executive Directors and any compensation arrangements resulting from 
the termination by the Company of such contracts. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

The committee has access to external advisors to assist it with ensuring that salary and benefits packages are 
competitive and appropriate. In addition, committee members keep themselves fully informed of all relevant 
developments and best practice by reference to the QCA’s Remuneration Committee guide. Advice on share 
options is provided by BPE Solicitors LLP, who also provide other legal services to the Group. 

The  Board  determines  the  remuneration  of  all  Non-Executive  Directors  within  the  limits  set  out  in  the 
Company’s Articles of Association. Non-Executive Directors are not involved in any decisions about their own 
remuneration. Details of Directors’ remuneration for the year ended 31 December 2021 are set out in the 
table on page 30. 

Meetings 

There were two meetings held during the year. Attendance at the meetings can be found in the table on 
page 18.  

Remuneration policy 

Parity aims to recruit, motivate and retain high calibre executives capable of achieving the objectives of the 
Group  and  to  encourage  and  reward  performance  in  a  manner  which  enhances  shareholder  value. 
Accordingly, the Group operates a remuneration policy which ensures that there is a clear link to business 
strategy and a close alignment with shareholder interests and current best practice and aims to ensure that 
senior  executives  are  rewarded  fairly  for  their  respective  individual  contributions  to  the  Group’s 
performance. 

The key elements of the remuneration package of senior executives, including Executive Directors, in the 
Group in 2021 were basic annual salary and benefits in kind, long term incentives including share options, 
and pension arrangements. 

Salaries and benefits are reviewed annually. In order to assess the competitiveness of the pay and benefits 
packages offered by the Group, comparisons are made to those offered by similar companies. These are 
chosen with regard to the size of the company (turnover, profits and employee numbers), the diversity and 
complexity of their businesses, the geographical spread of their businesses, and their growth, expansion and 
change profile.  

Performance bonus 

There were no performance bonus payments paid in 2021.   

Share option schemes 
During 2021 the Group operated the following types of share option scheme: the Company Share Option 
Plans, and the EMI Share Option Plan  

Share Option Plans 

The Group operates an HMRC Approved Share Option Plan, an EMI Share Option Plan, and an Unapproved 
Share  Option  Plan  for  options  awarded  to  UK  employees  in  excess  of  the  HMRC  limit  of  £30,000.  Share 
options are granted to Executive Directors and other senior employees over a period of time and according 
to performance. 

The rules of the Share Option Plans allow for annual grants to be awarded equivalent to a value of up to one 
times salary or up to two times salary in exceptional circumstances. A limit of 15% of the issued share capital 
of the Company in a ten-year period, on a rolling basis, is applicable to the headroom available to award 
options over the life of the Schemes. The EMI Share Option Plan was established in September 2019 and 
Rules of the other Plans were renewed in September 2019. Rules of all Plans expire in September 2029.   

Share options granted are exercisable in normal circumstances between three and ten years after the date 
of grant. The options are typically divided into 3 tranches per grant, with the exercise of each tranche of 
options conditional upon the share price outperforming a target price.  

27 

 
Parity Group plc 

The  exercise  of  share  options  is  satisfied  through  shares  issued  by  the  Company.  In  the  event  that  an 
employee resigns, the options that they hold will lapse. Options are granted at nil cost. The option exercise 
price is set at the closing mid-market share price on date of grant without any discount. 

Share  options  awarded  to  the  Executive  Directors  are  disclosed  in  the  table  under  the  section  Directors’ 
Remuneration on page 30. All of the options awarded to the Executive Directors and senior management 
have vested or lapsed, with the exception of the following grants:  

On 24 November 2020, 2,000,000 share options were awarded to Mike Johns, Chief Financial Officer. The 
exercise price of the options is 7.75 pence and the share options granted have been divided into thirds with 
each third being subject to the following performance condition: 

i) 

To exercise the first third (1/3 in total) of the share options awarded, the share price must be greater 
than or equal to 12.00 pence for 5 consecutive days.  

ii)  To exercise the second third (2/3 in total) of the share options awarded the share price must be greater 

than or equal to 15.00 pence for 5 consecutive days.  

iii)  To exercise the final third (100% in total) of the share options awarded the share price must be greater 

than or equal to 18.00 pence for 5 consecutive days. 

Further share options over 2,000,000 Ordinary Shares were awarded to Mike Johns, Chief Financial Officer, 
on  23  June  2021  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Company’s  Remuneration  Committee  and  represent 
approximately 1.9% of the Company’s issued share capital.  
The Share Options have an exercise price, calculated in accordance with the rules of the Parity Group 2019 
EMI Options Plan and 2019 Unapproved Company Share Option Plan, of 10.25 pence per Ordinary Share, 
being the closing mid-market price per Ordinary Share on 22 June 2021. The Share Options will vest after 
three years and are subject to the following performance conditions: 

•  One quarter of the total grant of Share Options will be exercisable if the price per Ordinary Share 
achieves or exceeds each of 15.0 pence, 20.0 pence, 25.0 pence and 30.0 pence, in each case for a 
period of at least 30 consecutive calendar days at any time during the vesting period. 

Share  Options  were  awarded  to  Isobel  Brown,  Director,  Recruitment  Business  and  a  person  discharging 
managerial responsibility options over 500,000 ordinary shares of 2 pence each. The Options were granted 
on 01 October 2021 and represent approximately 0.49% of the Company's issued share capital. The purpose 
of the Options is to retain, reward and incentivise Isobel Brown as a key employee of the Company, on the 
recommendation  of  the  Company's  Remuneration  Committee.  The  Options  each  have  an  exercise  price, 
calculated in accordance with the rules of the Parity Group 2019 EMI Options Plan, of 6.25 pence per Option, 
being the closing mid-market price per Ordinary Share on 30 September 2021 and will vest after three years. 
The Options are subject to the following performance conditions: 

•  One quarter of the total grant of Share Options will be exercisable if the price per Ordinary Share 
achieves or exceeds each of 15.0 pence, 20.0 pence, 25.0 pence and 30.0 pence, in each case for a 
period of at least 30 consecutive calendar days at any time during the vesting period. 

All of the share options awarded vest in 3 years from the grant date, and lapse in 10 years from the grant 
date if not exercised. 

Share Warrants 

Share  Warrants  were  awarded  to  Mark  Braund,  Executive  Chairman  over  3,500,000  ordinary  shares  of  2 
pence  each.  The  Warrants  were  granted  on  01  October  2021  and  represent  approximately  3.4%  of  the 
Company's issued share capital. The Warrants have been awarded on the recommendation of the Company's 
Remuneration Committee to reward and incentivise Mark Braund in his capacity as Executive Chairman over 
the medium term and to retain him as a key director as the Company grows its core recruitment services to 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
create long term value for shareholders. The Warrants have an exercise price of 6.25 pence per Warrant, 
being the closing mid-market price per Ordinary Share on 30 September 2021 and are exercisable for five 
years from the date of grant. The Warrants are also subject to performance conditions: 

•  One quarter of the total grant of Warrants will be exercisable if the mid-market price per Ordinary 
Share equals or exceeds each of 15.0 pence, 20.0 pence, 25.0 pence and 30.0 pence, in each case, 
for a period of at least 30 consecutive calendar days at any time during the exercise period. 

Parity Group plc 

Share price 

The Parity Group plc mid-market share price on 31 December 2021 was 6.75 pence. During the period 1 
January 2021 to 31 December 2021 shares traded at market prices between 6.25 pence and 13.5 pence. 

Directors’ pension information 

Executive Directors are entitled to a contributory company pension contribution. 

Non-Executive Directors’ remuneration 

The Board determines the remuneration of the Non-Executive  Directors with the benefit of independent 
advice when required. The fees are set at a level which will attract individuals with the necessary experience 
and ability to make a significant contribution to the Group and are benchmarked against those fees paid by 
other UK listed companies.  

The Non-Executive Directors do not receive bonuses or pension contributions and are not eligible for grants 
under  any  of  the  Group’s  share  incentive  schemes.  They  are  entitled  to  be  reimbursed  for  reasonable 
expenses incurred by them in carrying out their duties as Directors of the Company. 

Service contracts and letters of appointment 

The Group’s policy is that no Director has a service contract with a notice period of greater than one year or 
has provision for pre-determined compensation on termination which exceeds one year’s salary, bonus and 
benefits in kind. Non-Executive Directors have letters of appointment which set out the terms of their 
appointments. All Board appointments are subject to the Company’s articles of association. 

Contractual arrangements for current Directors are summarised below: 

Director 

Contract date 

Notice period 

David Firth1 
Gerard Brandon1 

Mike Johns 
Mark Braund 

31 May 2016 
1 May 2020 

8 June 2020 
9 June 2021 

n/a 
3 months 

6 months  
6 months 

Contractual termination 
payment 

n/a 
n/a 

6 months rolling 
6 months rolling 

1.  Unless otherwise specified, the appointment of Non-Executive Directors is terminable at the will of the parties 

Other Non-Executive posts 

Subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Board,  the  Executive  Directors  may  hold  external  Non-Executive 
appointments.  The  Group  believes  that  such  appointments  provide  a  valuable  opportunity  in  terms  of 
personal  and  professional  development.  Fees  derived  from  such  appointments  may  be  retained  by  the 
Executive Director concerned.  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration 

The remuneration of the Directors who served during the year is set out below: 

Parity Group plc 

Bonus 
2021 
£’000 

Benefits 
2021 
£’000 

Compensation 
for loss of 
office 
2021 
£’000 

Total 
emoluments 
2021 
£’000 

Company 
pension 
contributions6 
2021 
£’000 

Share-based 
payments 
2021 
£’000 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

5 
12 
1 

- 
- 
- 
18 

228 
- 
- 

15 
- 
- 
243 

345 
185 
79 

33 
45 
35 
722 

5 
9 
4 

- 
- 
- 
18 

(90) 
22 
5 

- 
- 
- 
(63) 

Bonus 
2020 
£’000 

Benefits 
2020 
£’000 

Compensation 
for loss of 
office 
2020 
£’000 

Total 
emoluments 
2020 
£’000 

Company 
pension 
Contributions6 
2020 
£’000 

Share-based 
payments 
2020 
£’000 

11 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
11 

12 
7 
10 

- 
- 
- 
29 

- 
- 
87 

- 
- 
- 
87 

237 
105 
199 

57 
43 
23 
664 

11 
3 
3 

- 
- 
- 
17 

55 
1 
23 

- 
- 
- 
79 

Salary/ 
fees 
2021 
£’000 

112 
173 
78 

18 
45 
35 
461 

Salary/ 
fees 
2020 
£’000 

214 
98 
102 

57 
43 
23 
537 

Executive Directors 
Matthew Bayfield2 
Mike Johns 
Mark Braund3 
Non-Executive Directors 
John Conoley1 
David Firth 
Gerard Brandon 
Total emoluments 

Executive Directors 
Matthew Bayfield 
Mike Johns4 
Roger Antony5 
Non-Executive Directors 
John Conoley 
David Firth 
Gerard Brandon6 
Total emoluments 

      Notes 

1.  Resigned on 21/04/2021 

2.  Resigned on 09/06/2021 

3.  Appointed as Non-executive Chairman on 21/04/21 and into the role of Executive Chairman on 09/06/2021 

4.  Appointed on 08/06/2020 

5.  Resigned on 30/06/2020 

6.  Appointed on 01/05/2020 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Directors’ share options 

As at 
1 January 
2021 

Lapsed/ 
surrendered 
in the 
year  

Exercised 
in the 
year  

Awarded 
in the 
year  

As at 31 
December 
2021 

Exercise 
period 

Exercise 
price 
per share 

Parity Group plc 

Matthew Bayfield 
  Executive share option plan 
  2018 
  2019 
  2020 
Subtotal 
Mike Johns  
Executive share option plan 
2020 
2021 
Sub-total 
Total 

500,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 
7,500,000 

(500,000) 
(3,000,000) 
(4,000,000) 
(7,500,000) 

2,000,000 
- 
2,000,000 
9,500,000 

- 
- 
- 
(7,500,000) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Executive Directors’ share warrants 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

-  
2,000,000 
2,000,000 
2,000,000 

2,000,000 
2,000,000 
4,000,000 
4,000,000 

2023-2030 
2024-2031 

£0.0775 
£0.1025 

As at 
1 January 
2021 

Lapsed/ 
surrendere
d 
in the 
year  

Exercised 
in the 
year  

Awarded 
in the 
year  

As at 31 
December 
2021 

Exercise 
period 

Exercise 
price 
per share 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

3,500,000 
3,500,000 

3,500,000 
3,500,000 

2022-2027 

£0.0625 

Mark Braund1 
2021 
Total 

Notes 

1.  Mark Braund was appointed as a Board Director on 21 April 2021 

Directors’ interests in shares 
The  beneficial  interests  of  the  Directors  who  were  serving  at  31  December  2021  and  their  families  in  the 
ordinary share capital of the Company are shown below: 

David Firth 
Gerard Brandon 1 
Mike Johns 
Mark Braund 

Notes 

Shareholding at 
31 December 
2020 
200,000 
- 
- 
- 

% issued share 
capital 
0.19 
- 
- 
- 

Shareholding at 
31 December 
2021 
200,000 
571,613 
- 
134,660 

% issued share 
capital 
0.19 
0.55 
- 
0.13 

1.  451,613 ordinary shares were issued to Gerard Brandon during the year to satisfy the Director’s Fee in respect of the initial 

period of 12 months from the date of his appointment on 1 May 2020.  

For and on behalf of the Board 

David Firth 
Chairman of The Remuneration Committee 

31 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

27 April 2022 

Audit Committee Report 

Audit Committee 

The Audit Committee is a sub-committee of the Board, and comprises David Firth as Chairman, and Mark 
Braund.  David Firth is a Non-Executive Director and is considered to be independent by the Board. Mark 
Braund is Executive Chairman. Their biographies can be found on page 22. 

The Audit Committee met twice in 2021. Audit Committee meetings are attended by the external auditors 
and the Executive Directors, at the invitation of the Committee. The external auditors meet separately with 
the  Audit  Committee  on  request,  without  the  presence  of  the  Executive  Directors,  to  ensure  open 
communication. 

The Audit Committee reviews and, as appropriate, actively engages in the processes for financial reporting, 
internal  control,  risk  assessment,  audit,  compliance  assurance  and  considers  the  independence  of  the 
Group’s  external  auditor  as  well  as  the  effectiveness  of  the  Group’s  system  of  accounting,  its  internal 
financial controls, external audit process and risk management. The Audit Committee’s principal terms of 
reference include: 

the oversight responsibilities described in the foregoing paragraph; 
reviewing compliance with laws, regulations and the Group’s code of conduct and policies; 

• 
• 
•  monitoring the integrity of the Group’s financial statements and announcements relating to the Group’s 
financial performance and reviewing significant financial reporting judgements, changes in accounting 
policies and practices, significant adjustments resulting from the audit and the application of the going 
concern assumption; 
reviewing the findings of the external audit with the external auditor; 

• 
•  making recommendations to the Board, for it to put to the shareholders for their approval, regarding 
the appointment, re-appointment and removal of the external auditor and approving the remuneration 
and terms of engagement of the external auditor; 

•  monitoring  and  reviewing  the  external  auditor’s  independence  and  the  effectiveness  of  the  audit 

process; 

•  developing and implementing policy on the engagement of the external auditors to supply non-audit 

• 
• 

services; 
reviewing the risk management framework and risk assessments; 
reviewing the Group’s arrangements for its employees to raise concerns, in confidence, about possible 
wrongdoing in financial reporting or other matters; and 

•  reviewing and monitoring the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal financial controls, 

internal control, and risk management systems. 

Meetings 

There were two meetings held during the year. Attendance at the meetings can be found in the table on 
page 18.  

Matters considered  

During the year, the Committee: 

• 

reviewed  the  annual  and  interim  report  and  financial  statements  of  the  Group,  and  the  clarity  of 
disclosures made; 
reviewed the significant judgements and estimates within the financial statements; 

• 
•  oversaw the relationship with the external auditor, including a review of the external auditor’s findings 

during the audit in relation to the year ended 31 December 2020; 
reviewed the Board’s compliance with Section 172 of the Companies Act. 

• 

32 

 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

External Auditor 

The audit in relation to the year ended 31 December 2020 was Grant Thornton’s fourth audit of the Company 
since appointment in 2018. The Audit Committee took feedback with regard to the conduct of the audit from 
both Grant Thornton and the Chief Financial Officer. Neither party reported any performance or cooperation 
issues.    

Internal audit 

The Group does not consider it necessary to have a separate internal audit function due to the Group’s size 
and its centralised administrative function but keeps this need under review. The Company receives regular 
feedback from its external auditors on the effectiveness of its internal controls and aims to implement any 
improvements identified.  

Significant issues relating to the Financial Statements 

The Audit Committee reviewed the following issues in relation to the financial statements for the year under 
review: 

Judgements and estimates 

The Committee reviewed the executive management’s assessments and noted that: 

•  a clear distinction had been made between judgements and estimates; 
• 
• 

the only significant areas of judgement were revenue recognition and deferred tax asset recognition; 
there  were  no  other  judgements  made  that  had  a  significant  effect  on  amounts  recognised  in  the 
accounts; and 

•  estimates were limited to those assumptions that carried a significant risk of a material adjustment to 

the carrying values of asset and liabilities within the next financial year. 

Valuation of goodwill 

The Committee reviewed the executive management’s support of the carrying value of Goodwill in the Group’s 
two cash generating units (CGUs). The Committee noted that: 

• 
• 
• 

the discount rates applied were commensurate with rates used within the Group’s peer group; 
cash flow projections were based upon prudent growth projections; and 
the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that both CGUs had sufficient headroom to absorb the possible 
impact of key sensitivities. 

Retirement benefit asset  

The Committee reviewed the assumptions made in relation to the accounting for the Group’s defined benefit 
pension scheme and were satisfied that these were in line with recognised market practice. 

Going concern 

The  Committee  reviewed  a  paper  prepared  by  executive  management  in  support  of  the  going  concern 
statement.  The  paper  included  sensitivity  analysis  comprising  different  downside  scenarios  of  the  Group’s 
financial  projections.  It  was  noted  that  the  projections  and  scenarios  for  the  period  to  31  December  2023 
demonstrated sufficient facility headroom. 

Deferred taxation 

The Committee reviewed a paper prepared by the Finance team and noted that: 

• 

the assumptions used around recoverability of the assets were the same assumptions used for the 
valuation of goodwill; and 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
•  brought forward tax losses in the Consultancy legal entity were unrecognised, consistent with the prior 

year, which was considered appropriate in view of current trading in the division. 

Parity Group plc 

David Firth 
Chairman of The Audit Committee 
27 April 2022 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Directors’ Report 

The Directors present their report and the audited accounts for the year ended 31 December 2021. 

Principal activities 
The Group delivers a range of recruitment solutions to clients across the public and private sectors. 

Recruitment services include predominately interim recruitment to a diverse range of clients delivered to 
central and local government within the public sector and the private sector.  

Review of business and future developments 
A  review  of  the  business  and  its  outlook,  including  commentary  on  the  key  performance  indicators  of 
revenue, net fee income, adjusted EBITDA, operating profit, debtor days and net cash, and the principal risks 
and  uncertainties  facing  the  Group  is  included  in  the  Chairman’s  Report,  and  the  Operating  and  Finance 
Review on pages 6 to 11. The Group’s social, environmental and ethical policies are set out on pages 24 to 
25.  A  statement  on  the  application  of  the  going  concern  principle  is  set  out  below.  Details  of  financial 
instruments are set out in note 20 to the financial statements. Each of the above is incorporated in this report 
by reference. 

Group results 
The Group loss before tax for the year was £1.1m (2020: £0.33m). After a tax income of £0.47m (2020: charge 
of £0.15m), the retained loss of £0.64m (2020: £0.47m) has been transferred from reserves. The results for 
the year are set out in the consolidated income statement on page 51. 

Dividends 
The Directors do not recommend a final dividend (2020: nil pence per ordinary share). The total dividends 
for the year were nil pence per ordinary share (2020: nil pence per ordinary share). 

Pension 
The Group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. There is also a defined benefit scheme which is 
closed both to new members and to future service accrual. Details of the defined benefit pension scheme 
are given in note 22. 

Purchase of own shares 
At the end of the year, the Company had authority, under the shareholders’ resolution of 11 June 2021, to 
purchase in the market 10,262,402 of the Company’s ordinary shares at prices ranging between two pence 
and an amount equal to 105% of the average of the middle market prices quoted in the five business days 
immediately preceding the day of purchase. No purchases were made during the year. The Directors intend 
to seek renewal of this authority at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. 

Board of Directors  
Biographical information on each of the Directors as at 27 April 2022 is set out on pages 22 and 23, together 
with details of membership of the Board committees.  

The Company’s Articles of Association require that at least one Director will retire from office by rotation and 
seek reappointment at the next AGM. 

Directors’ interests 
The  Directors’  beneficial  interests  in  the  ordinary  share  capital  of  the  Company  are  set  out  within  the 
remuneration report from page 26.  

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal shareholders  
As at 26 April 2022 (being the latest practical date prior to the signing of the Directors’ Report) the Company 
had  received  notification  of  the  following  substantial  interests  representing  over  3%  of  the  issued  share 
capital:  

Parity Group plc 

IS Partners Investment Solutions 
Timothy Watts 
David Courtley 
Barclays Smart Investor 
John Cawthorne 
Interactive Investor 
Dominion Holdings 
Hargreaves Lansdown 
Jarvis Investment Management 
Redmayne Bentley 

Number of 
Ordinary 2p shares 
23,712,851 
21,749,500 
6,519,786 
5,791,795 
5,186,087 
4,802,905 
4,664,900 
4,098,848 
4,051,715 
3,382,666 

Percentage 

Held 
23.01% 
21.1% 
6.33% 
5.62% 
5.03% 
4.66% 
4.53% 
3.97% 
3.93% 
3.28% 

Capital structure 
The Company has one class of share in issue, ordinary shares of 2p. The shares are listed on the London Stock 
Exchange (Alternative Investment Market) and shareholders are entitled to vote at Company meetings, to 
receive dividends and to the return of their capital in the event of liquidation.  

The Directors are not aware of any restrictions on transfers of shares in the Company or on voting rights or 
of any agreements between holders of the Company’s shares which may result in such restrictions. 

Going concern 
The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  a  going  concern  basis.  The  Directors  have  reviewed  the 
Group’s cash flow forecasts for the period to 31 December 2023, taking account of reasonably possible changes 
in  trading  performance,  including  potential  downsides  from  increased  volatility  in  the  market  and  slower 
delivery of new business initiatives. Downside sensitivities have included reduced levels of new business and 
in these scenarios, the Directors do not anticipate issues with the Group’s financing requirements. The Group 
also modelled available headroom under the new facility and consider that the new facility comfortably meets 
the Group’s financing requirements. 

The Company is not party to any significant agreements that take effect, alter or terminate upon a change 
of control of the Company following a takeover bid, except for the finance facility agreement with Leumi 
ABL.  There  are  no  agreements  between  the  Company  and  its  Directors  or  employees  providing  for 
compensation for loss of office or employment that occurs because of a takeover bid. 

Payments to suppliers 
The Group seeks to abide by the payment terms agreed with suppliers when it is satisfied that the supplier 
has provided the goods or services in  accordance  with the agreed terms and  conditions. In  the  United 
Kingdom  and  Ireland,  the  Group  agrees  payment  terms  with  its  suppliers  when  it  enters  into  binding 
purchase contracts.  

Corporate social responsibility 
The Group recognises its corporate social responsibilities and reports on these in a separate statement of 
social, environmental and ethical policies on pages 24 to 25. This statement covers the Group’s Employment 
Policies, Environmental Policy and Health and Safety Policy.  

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and indemnity  
The Company has purchased insurance to cover its Directors and officers against their costs in defending 
themselves  in  any  legal  proceedings  taken  against  them  in  that  capacity  and  in  respect  of  damages 
resulting from the unsuccessful defence of any proceedings. 

Parity Group plc 

Political donations 
There were no political donations made by the Group during the year (2020: none). 

Corporate Governance 
The Corporate Governance Report on pages 16 to 21 forms part of the Directors’ Report.  

Auditor 
Pursuant to section 489 of the Companies Act 2006, resolutions will be proposed at the 2022 Annual General 
Meeting to reappoint Grant Thornton UK LLP as auditor to the Company and to authorise the Directors to 
determine their remuneration. 

Annual General Meeting 
The resolutions to be proposed at the Annual General Meeting, together with the explanatory notes, will 
appear in the Notice of the Annual General Meeting which will be circulated with the annual report when 
sent to all shareholders. 

By order of the Board 

Mike Johns 
Director 
27 April 2022  

37 

 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities in respect of the Annual Report and the Financial Statements 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Group and parent Company financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.  

Company  law  requires  the  Directors  to  prepare  Group  and  parent  Company  financial  statements  for  each 
financial year. Under that law the Directors have prepared the Group and parent Company financial statements 
in accordance with UK-adopted International Financial Reporting Standards and applicable law. 

Under company law, the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that 
they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and parent Company and of their profit or loss 
for that period. In preparing each of the Group and parent Company financial statements, the Directors are 
required to:   

• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;   

•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable, relevant and reliable;   

• 

• 

• 

state whether applicable UK-adopted international accounting standards have been followed for the 
Group and parent Company financial statements;   

assess the Group and parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, 
matters related to going concern; and   

use the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the Group or the parent 
Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.   

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the parent Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of 
the parent Company and enable them to ensure that its financial statements comply with the Companies Act 
2006. They are responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation 
of financial statements that are free from material  misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and have 
general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the Group 
and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities. 

Under applicable law and regulations, the Directors are also responsible for preparing a Strategic Report and a 
Directors’ Report that complies with that law and those regulations.  

Website publication 

The Directors are responsible for ensuring the annual report and the financial statements are made available 
on the Parity Group website. Financial statements are published on the Company’s website in accordance with 
AIM  company  requirements  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  financial  statements.  The 
maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  Company's  website  is  the  responsibility  of  the  Directors.  The  Directors' 
responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. 

Internal control 

The  Board  is  ultimately  responsible  for  the  Group’s  system  of  internal  control  and  for  reviewing  its 
effectiveness and is assisted in this respect by the Audit Committee. Such a system is designed to manage 
rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business objectives and can only provide reasonable and 
not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. The Group’s system of internal control, which 
materially  complies  with  the  Financial  Reporting  Council’s  Risk  Management,  Internal  Control  and  Related 
Financial and Business Reporting September 2014 guidance has been in place throughout the year and up to 
the date of this report. The Directors confirm that they have reviewed the effectiveness of the Group’s system 

38 

 
of internal controls during the year. 

Parity Group plc 

The Group did not consider it necessary to have a separate internal audit function but will continue to keep 
the need under review. 

Risk management 

The Group is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks: 

• 
Interest rate risk; 
•  Foreign currency risk; 
• 
Liquidity risk; and 
•  Credit risk. 

The policies for managing these risks are set by the Board following recommendations from the Chief Finance 
Officer.  Certain  risks  are  managed  centrally,  while  others  are  managed  locally  following  guidelines 
communicated from the centre. The policies for each of the above risks, and the nature and extent of those 
risks,  are  described  in  detail  in  note  20  to  the  financial  statements.  Other  risks  and  uncertainties  are 
discussed on pages 12 to 14. 

Each of the persons who is a Director as at the date of approval of this annual report confirms that:  
• 

so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditors are 
unaware; and 
the Director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors are aware of that 
information.  

• 

This  confirmation  is  given  and  should  be  interpreted  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  s418  of  the 
Companies Act 2006. 

Mark Braund 
Executive Chairman 
27 April 2022 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report to the members of Parity Group plc 

Opinion 

Our opinion on the financial statements is unmodified 

We have audited the financial statements of Parity Group plc (the ‘parent company’) and its 
subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2021, which comprise the Consolidated 
Income Statement, the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated 
Statement of Changes in Equity, the Company Statement of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated 
and Company Statements of Financial Position, the Consolidated and Company Statements of Cash 
Flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and 
UK-adopted international accounting standards and, as regards the parent company financial 
statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.  

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent 
company’s affairs as at 31 December 2021 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted 
international accounting standards; 

the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-
adopted international accounting standards and as applied in accordance with the provisions of 
the Companies Act 2006; and 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and 
applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the ‘Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements’ section of our report. We are independent of the 
group and the parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed 
entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 

We are responsible for concluding on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern 
basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists 
related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the group’s and the parent company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required 
to draw attention in our report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such 
disclosures are inadequate, to modify the auditor’s opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit 
evidence obtained up to the date of our report. However, future events or conditions may cause the 
group or the parent company to cease to continue as a going concern. 

A description of our evaluation of management’s assessment of the ability to continue to adopt the 
going concern basis of accounting, and the key observations arising with respect to that evaluation is 
included in the key audit matters section of our report.    

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to 
events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group’s and the 
parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from 
when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern 
basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.  

40 

 
 
Parity Group plc 
The responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the ‘Responsibilities 
of directors for the financial statements’ section of this report. 

Our approach to the audit 

Overview of our audit approach 

Overall materiality:  

Group: £238,000, which represents 0.5% of the group’s 
expected revenue at the planning stage of the audit. 

Parent company: £178,500, which represents 2% of the parent 
company’s net assets, capped at 75% of Group materiality.  

Group key audit matters were identified as: 

•  Going concern (same as previous year); 

Materiality

Key audit 
matters

•  Revenue recognition (same as previous year); and 

Scoping

•  Accrued income (same as previous year).   

Our auditor’s report for the year ended 31 December 2020 
included no key audit matters that have not been reported as 
key audit matters in our current year’s report. 

No key audit matters were identified for the parent company.  

Our full-scope audit work performed on the financial information 
of components covered 100% of the revenue generated by the 
Group for the year, 100% of the Group’s total assets at the year-
end and 100% of the loss before tax of the Group for the year. 

Key audit matters 

Key  audit  matters  are  those  matters  that,  in  our 
professional judgement, were of most significance in 
our  audit  of  the  financial  statements  of  the  current 
period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed 
risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to 
fraud)  that  we  identified.  These  matters  included 
those that had the greatest effect on: the overall audit 
strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and 
directing the efforts of the engagement team. These 
matters were addressed in the context of our audit of 
the  financial  statements  as  a  whole,  and  in  forming 
our  opinion  thereon,  and  we  do  not  provide  a 
separate opinion on these matters.  

Description

Audit 
response

KAM

Disclosures Our results

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
In the graph below, we have presented the key audit matters, significant risks and other risks relevant to 
the audit. 

Hig

Potential 
financial 
statement 
impact

Low

Low

Revenue recognition –
occurrence and accuracy

Accrued income – existence 
and valuation & allocation 

Accounting system transaction 
allocations in a combined ledger  

Prior year adjustment – 
accuracy and completeness 

Non underlying 
items – accuracy 
and presentation 

Going concern 

Management override or controls 

Investments, intercompany debtors, and 
deferred tax asset - valuation 

Goodwill - valuation 

Defined pension benefit scheme – 
existence, accuracy and valuation 

Related party transactions 

Cost accruals - accuracy 

Extent of management judgement 

Hig

Key audit matter 

Significant risk  

Other risk 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key Audit Matter – Group 

How our scope addressed the matter – Group 

Parity Group plc 

Going concern  

We identified going concern as one of the 
most significant assessed risks of 
material misstatement due to error. 

Going concern risk was determined to be 
a significant risk as the group was loss 
making in the year and the group remains 
reliant on a committed 36 month working 
capital facility which mandates that the 
group meets certain financial covenants 
throughout and at predetermined 
reporting dates within the going concern 
assessment period. 

Relevant disclosures in the Annual 
Report and Accounts 2021 

•  Financial statements: Note 1, 
Accounting policies; and  

•  Audit committee report: Significant 
issues relating to the Financial 
Statements 

In responding to the key audit matter, we performed the 
following audit procedures: 

•  We considered the inherent risks associated with 
the Group’s and the parent company’s business 
model including effects arising from macro-
economic uncertainties, Covid-19 and the strategic 
repositioning of the business to concentrate on 
recruitment solutions; 

•  Obtained management’s base case profit and loss, 
balances sheet and cash flow forecasts covering 
the period from 31 December 2021 to 31 December 
2023; 

•  Assessed how these profit and loss, balance sheet 

and cash flow forecasts were compiled and 
assessed their appropriateness by understanding 
and corroborating underlying assumptions, 
challenging those assumptions and applying 
sensitivities where relevant;  

•  Assessed the accuracy of management’s past 

forecasting by comparing management’s forecasts 
for 2021 to the actual results for 2021 albeit 2021 
results were impacted by the strategic repositioning 
of the business, Covid-19 and the cost restructuring 
exercise. We also compared current year to date 
actual and forecast data to 31 March 2022 and 
considered the impact on the base case cash flow 
forecast; 

•  Obtained management’s worst-case scenario 

prepared to assess the ongoing impact of Covid-19 
on the business. We considered whether the 
assumptions were consistent with our 
understanding of the business derived from other 
detailed audit work undertaken;  

•  Assessed the impact of the mitigating actions 

available to management in respect of the ability to 
restrict cash impact, including the level of available 
facilities; and  

•  Assessed the adequacy of related disclosures 

within the report and accounts 2021. 

Our results 

We have nothing to report in addition to that stated in the 
‘Conclusions relating to going concern’ section of our 
report. 

43 

 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
Key Audit Matter – Group 

How our scope addressed the matter – Group 

Revenue recognition – occurrence and 
accuracy 

In responding to the key audit matter, we performed the 
following audit procedures: 

Parity Group plc 

•  Assessed whether the accounting policies adopted 

by the directors are in accordance with the 
requirements of IFRS 15, and whether management 
accounted for revenue in accordance with the 
accounting policies; 

•  Used audit data analytics techniques to identify 
journal entries and other transactions where 
revenue and receivables transactions had a 
financial impact on unexpected balances or classes 
of transactions. For the unusual accounts 
combinations, we performed further investigation 
which included consolidating our understanding 
with management and obtaining support evidence; 
and 

• 

This testing was supported by the testing of 
operating effectiveness of bank reconciliation 
controls, and a substantive test of detail on a 
sample of revenue transactions by agreeing a 
sample of sales invoices to timesheets, remittance, 
and bank receipts, or alternative evidence where 
appropriate. 

Our results 

Our audit work did not identify any material adjustments 
in relation to the occurrence and / or accuracy of 
unusual recruitment services revenue journals. 

We identified revenue recognition as one 
of the most significant assessed risks of 
material misstatement due to fraud. 

Under ISA (UK) 240 ‘The Auditor’s 
Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an 
Audit of Financial Statements’, there is a 
presumed risk that there are risks of fraud 
in revenue recognition. The revenue 
recognised by the Group is one of the 
key factors that impacts EBITDA and is a 
key performance indicator for the Group. 

Revenue is recognised in accordance 
with the Group's accounting policy and 
International Financial Reporting 
Standard (IFRS) 15 “Revenue from 
Contracts with Customers”. 

The Group has two separate revenue 
streams relating to its public and private 
sector clients: 

• 

Provision of recruitment services; 
and  

Provision of consultancy services. 

• 
The majority of revenues across the 
Group are considered non-complex.  

Notable journals outside of the normal 
business process relating to the provision 
of recruitment services which is the 
significant segment of the business in 
relation to revenue therefore pose a risk 
of fraud due to their unusual nature and in 
terms of the consultancy business this 
has been pinpointed to the unbilled 
revenue (see Accrued income key audit 
matter below).  

Relevant disclosures in the Annual 
Report and Accounts 2021 

• 

• 

Financial statements: Note 1, 
Accounting policies 

Financial statements: Note 3, 
Revenue 

•  Audit committee report: Significant 
issues relating to the Financial 
Statements  

44 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Key Audit Matter – Group 

How our scope addressed the matter – Group 

Accrued income – existence and 
valuation 

In responding to the key audit matter, we performed the 
following audit procedures: 

Parity Group plc 

We identified accrued income on both the 
provision of recruitment and consultancy 
services as one of the most significant 
assessed risks of material misstatement 
due to error. 

Accrued income primarily arises where 
temporary workers have provided their 
services, but approved timesheets are 
outstanding.  

As such, the amount incurred, and 
margin earned thereon has yet to be 
invoiced onto the client. In making an 
accrual for time worked by contractors at 
the year-end date, management make an 
estimate of the time worked based on 
knowledge of the contracts in place, the 
number of working days outstanding and 
experience adjustments from prior 
periods. This estimation uncertainty has 
resulted in the audit team identifying 
accrued income as a significant risk. 

Relevant disclosures in the Annual 
Report and Accounts 2021 

•  Financial statements: Note 1, 

Accounting policies 

•  Note 16 Trade and other receivables 

•  Assessed whether the accounting policies adopted 

by the directors are in accordance with the 
requirements of IFRS 15, and whether management 
accounted for revenue in accordance with the 
accounting policies; 

•  Obtained management’s reconciliation of accrued 

income to the trial balance at year-end;  

• 

Tested a sample of accrued income at year-end to 
underlying documentation, including where relevant 
subsequent invoice and receipt; and 

•  Challenged management’s assumptions 

underpinning the recognition of accrued income. 

Our results 

Management concluded that amendments were 
required to their accrued income and accrued cost 
balances having considered our audit findings. 

Our application of materiality 

We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing the audit, and in evaluating the 
effect of identified misstatements on the audit and of uncorrected misstatements, if any, on the financial 
statements and in forming the opinion in the auditor’s report. 

Materiality was determined as follows: 

Materiality measure 

Group 

Parent company 

Materiality for 
financial statements 
as a whole 

We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement in the financial 
statements that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of the users of these financial 
statements. We use materiality in determining the nature, timing, and extent 
of our audit work. 

Materiality threshold 

£238,000, which is 0.5% of expected 
revenue at the planning stage of our 
audit.  

£178,500, which is 2% of parent’s 
net assets, capped at 75% of Group 
materiality, being its component 
materiality.   

Significant 
judgements made by 
auditor in determining 
materiality 

In determining materiality, we made 
the following significant judgements: 

In determining materiality, we made 
the following significant judgements:  

•  Revenue is considered to be the 
most appropriate benchmark for 
the Group because there is 
considerable volatility in loss 
before tax.  

•  Revenue is also a key 

performance indicator for the 
Group. 

45 

•  Net assets are considered to be 

the most appropriate 
benchmark for the parent 
company as the parent 
company's purpose is that of 
holding investments in the 
Group’s subsidiary companies. 

 
  
 
 
 
 
Materiality measure 

Group 

Parent company 

Parity Group plc 

Materiality for the current year is 
lower than the level that we 
determined for the year ended 31 
December 2020 to reflect the 
decrease in the Group’s revenue for 
the year. 

The parent company does not 
undertake any trading activities. 

•  We have capped materiality at 
75% of Group materiality.  

Materiality for the current year is 
lower than the level that we 
determined for the year ended 31 
December 2020 to reflect capping at 
75% of the Group’s revenue for the 
year, which was lower, despite the 
parent company’s net assets being 
higher at the year-end. 

Performance 
materiality used to 
drive the extent of 
our testing 

We set performance materiality at an amount less than materiality for the 
financial statements as a whole to reduce to an appropriately low level the 
probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected 
misstatements exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole. 

Performance 
materiality threshold 

£178,500, which is 75% of financial 
statement materiality. 

£134,000, which is 75% of financial 
statement materiality. 

Significant 
judgements made by 
auditor in determining 
performance 
materiality 

In determining performance 
materiality, we made the following 
significant judgements:  

In determining performance 
materiality, we made the following 
significant judgements: 

•  Our risk assessment – based on 

•  Our risk assessment – based on 

the results of our risk 
assessment procedures, 
including the consideration of 
the control environment;  

the results of our risk 
assessment procedures, 
including the consideration of 
the control environment;  

•  Our experience with auditing the 
financial statements of the 
Group in previous years – 
based on the number of 
identified misstatements in the 
prior year audit and 
management's attitude to 
correcting misstatements 
identified; and 

•  Our experience with auditing the 
financial statements of the 
parent company in previous 
years – based on the number of 
identified misstatements in the 
prior year audit and 
management's attitude to 
correcting misstatements 
identified. 

• 

The number of components 
within the Group and the extent 
of audit procedures planned 
and performed at these 
components. 

Specific materiality 

We determine specific materiality for one or more particular classes of 
transactions, account balances or disclosures for which misstatements of 
lesser amounts than materiality for the financial statements as a whole could 
reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken 
on the basis of the financial statements. 

Specific materiality  

We determined a lower level of 
specific materiality for the following 
areas: 

We determined a lower level of 
specific materiality for the following 
areas: 

•  Related party transactions; and 

•  Related party transactions; and 

•  Directors’ remuneration and 
transactions with directors.  

•  Directors’ remuneration and 
transactions with directors.  

46 

 
 
 
 
Materiality measure 

Group 

Parent company 

Parity Group plc 

Communication of 
misstatements to the 
audit committee 

Threshold for 
communication 

We determine a threshold for reporting unadjusted differences to the audit 
committee. 

£11,900 and misstatements below 
that threshold that, in our view, 
warrant reporting on qualitative 
grounds. 

£9,900 and misstatements below 
that threshold that, in our view, 
warrant reporting on qualitative 
grounds. 

The graph below illustrates how performance materiality interacts with our overall materiality and the 
tolerance for potential uncorrected misstatements. 

Overall materiality – Group 

Overall materiality – Parent company 

Revenue
£47.2m

FSM, 
£238,000
0.5%

PM
£178,500 
75%

TFPUM
£59,500 
25%

Net Assets
£8.6m

FSM, 
£179,000
2%

PM
£134,000 
75%

TFPUM
£44,800 
25%

FSM: Financial statements materiality, PM: Performance materiality, TFPUM: Tolerance for potential uncorrected 

misstatements 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

We performed a risk-based audit that requires an understanding of the group’s and the parent 
company’s business and in particular matters related to: 

Understanding the group, its components, and their environments, including group-wide controls 

• 

• 

obtained an understanding of the group and its environment, including group-wide controls, and 
assessed the risks of material misstatement at the group level; and 

obtained an understanding on the effectiveness of the group organisational structure on the scope 
of the audit, especially around the centralised group financial reporting system. 

Identifying significant components 

•  we evaluated the identified components to assess their significance based on revenue and 

determined the planned audit response based on a measure of materiality 

Type of work to be performed on financial information of parent and other components 

• 

the parent company and other significant components have been scoped at full scope which 
covers all areas of focus, including addressing each KAM  

Performance of our audit 

• 

• 

all audit work was carried out by the Group engagement team using a hybrid of on-site, office and 
home working; and 

full-scope audit was performed and covered 100% of total revenue, 100% of assets and 100% loss 
before tax.  

47 

 
 
 
 
Communications with component auditors 

• 

all components were audited by the Group team therefore no communications with other auditors. 

Parity Group plc 

Changes in approach from previous period 

• 

no changes have been made in our approach from the previous period. 

Audit approach 

No. of 
components 

% coverage  
net assets 

% coverage 
revenue 

Full-scope audit 

3 

100% 

100% 

% 
coverage 
LBT 
100% 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information 
included in the annual report and accounts, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report 
thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the 
extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion 
thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements, or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If 
we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to 
determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material 
misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there 
is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Our opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 are unmodified 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for 
which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable 
legal requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report under the Companies Act 2006 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its 
environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the 
strategic report or the directors’ report.  

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 
2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for 
our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and 
returns; or 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.  

48 

 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Responsibilities of directors for the financial statements 

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for 
such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the 
parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to 
going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to 
liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to 
do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on 
the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms 
part of our auditor’s report. 

Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, 
including fraud 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design 
procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect 
of irregularities, including fraud.  Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable 
risk that material misstatements in the financial statements may not be detected, even though the audit 
is properly planned and performed in accordance with ISAs (UK).  

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed 
below:  

•  We obtained an understanding of how the Group and the parent company are complying with the 
legal and regulatory frameworks by making enquiries of management. We corroborated our 
enquiries through our review of board minutes and discussions with the Audit Committee; 

•  We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that are applicable to the 
Group and the parent company and determined that the most significant in the context of the 
Group are those related to the financial reporting framework, being UK-adopted international 
accounting, the Companies Act 2006 and the QCA Corporate Governance Code;  

•  We assessed the susceptibility of the Group's and the parent company’s financial statements to 
material misstatement, including how fraud might occur, by evaluating management's incentives 
and opportunities for manipulation of the financial statements. This included the evaluation of the 
risk of management override of controls. We determined that the principal risks were in relation to: 

o 

journal entries that increased revenues; and   

o  potential management bias in determining accounting estimates, especially in relation to 

accrued income. 

Our audit procedures included:  

o 

o 

o 

o 

obtaining an understanding of the design and implementation of controls that management has 
in place to prevent and detect fraud; 

journal entry testing, with a focus on material manual journals, including those with unusual 
account combinations and those posted directly to the consolidation that increased revenue;  

challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in its significant accounting 
estimates; and 

testing the completeness of the Group's related party transactions.  

49 

 
Parity Group plc 

• 

• 

In addition, we completed audit procedures to conclude on the compliance of disclosures in the 
report and accounts with the applicable financial reporting framework requirements; 

These audit procedures were designed to provide reasonable assurance that the financial 
statements were free from fraud or error. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to 
fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error and detecting irregularities that 
result from fraud is inherently more difficult than detecting those that result from error, as fraud may 
involve collusion, deliberate concealment, forgery or intentional misrepresentations. Also, the 
further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from events and transactions 
reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of it;  

• 

The engagement partner assessed whether the Group engagement team collectively had the 
appropriate competence and capabilities to identify and recognise non-compliance with laws and 
regulations through assessment of the team’s: 

o 

o 

understanding of, and practical experience with audit engagements of a similar nature and 
complexity through appropriate training and participation; and  

knowledge of the industry in which the client operates. 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 
16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the 
company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no 
other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to 
anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Marc Summers, BSc (Hons), FCA 
Senior Statutory Auditor 
for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP 
Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants 
LONDON 
27 April 2022 

50 

 
 
 
 
ACCOUNTS, NOTES AND OTHER INFORMATION  

Consolidated Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Revenue 
Contractor costs 
Net Fee Income 
Operating costs before non-underlying items 
Operating (loss)/profit before non-underlying items 
Non-underlying items 
Operating (loss)/profit 
Finance costs 
Loss before tax 
Analysed as: 
Adjusted (loss)/profit before tax1 
Non-underlying items 
Tax credit/ (charge) 
Loss for the year attributable to owners of the parent 

Loss per share 
Basic 
Diluted 

All activities comprise continuing operations. 

Notes 
3 

4 

5 

7 

5 
9 

2021 
£’000 
46,962 
(42,882) 

4,080 
(4,349) 
(269) 
(553) 
(822) 
(281) 
(1,103) 

(550) 
(553) 
467 
(636) 

2020 
         £’000 
57,827 
(52,266) 
5,561 
(5,091) 
470 
(447) 
23 
(348) 
(325) 

122 
(447) 
(145) 
(470) 

10 
10 

(0.62p) 
(0.62p) 

(0.46p) 
(0.46p) 

1 Adjusted (loss)/profit before tax is a non-IFRS alternative performance measure, defined as (loss)/profit before tax and 
non-underlying items. 

The notes on pages 58 to 87 form part of the financial statements. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Loss for the year 

Other comprehensive income 
Items that will never be reclassified to profit or loss 
Remeasurement of defined benefit pension scheme 
Deferred taxation on remeasurement of defined pension scheme  
Other comprehensive income for the year after tax 
Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to owners of the 
parent 

The notes on pages 58 to 87 form part of the financial statements. 

Notes 

22 
15 

Parity Group plc 

2021  
£’000 
(636) 

2020  
£’000 
(470) 

1,620 
(567) 
1,053 

417 

1,041 
(198) 
843 

373 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Changes in Equity for the year ended 31 December 2021  

Parity Group plc 

Consolidated 
At 1 January 2020 (reported) 
Effect of correction of material 
misstatement (Note 28) 
At 1 January 2020 (restated) 
Share options – value of employee 
services 
Transactions with owners 
Loss for the year 
Remeasurement of defined benefit 
pension scheme 
Deferred taxation on remeasurement 
of defined pension scheme taken 
directly to equity 
At 31 December 2020 (reported) 
Effect of correction of material 
misstatement 
At 31 December 2020 (restated) 
Shares issues in the period 
Share options – value of employee 
services 
Transactions with owners 
Loss for the year 
Remeasurement of defined benefit 
pension scheme 
Deferred taxation on remeasurement 
of defined pension scheme taken 
directly to equity 
At 31 December 2021 

Total 
£’000 
6,423 

(247) 
6,176 

90 
90 
(470) 

(198) 
6,886 

(247) 
6,639 
35 

(64) 
(29) 
(636) 

Share 
capital 
£’000 
2,053 

Share 
premium 
reserve 
£’000 
33,244 

Capital 
redemption 
reserve 
£’000 
14,319 

Other 
reserves 
£’000 
34,560 

Retained 
earnings 
£’000 
(77,753) 

- 
2,053 

- 
33,244 

- 
14,319 

- 
34,560 

(247) 
(78,000) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
2,053 

- 
2,053 
9 

- 
9 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
33,244 

- 
33,244 
26 

- 
26 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

90 
90 
(470) 

1,041 

1,041 

- 
14,319 

- 
34,560 

(198) 
(77,290) 

- 
14,319 
- 

- 
34,560 
- 

(247) 
(77,537) 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(64) 
(64) 
(636) 

1,620 

1,620 

- 
2,062 

- 
33,270 

- 
14,319 

- 
34,560 

(567) 
(77,184) 

(567) 
7,027 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Share 
capital 
£’000 
2,053 

- 
- 
- 
2,053 
9 

- 
9 
- 
2,062 

Share 
premium 
reserve 
£’000 

33,244 

Capital 
redemption 
reserve 
£’000 
14,319 

Other 
reserves 
£’000 
13,129 

Retained 
earnings 
£’000 
(51,912) 

- 
- 
- 
33,244 
26 

- 
26 
- 
33,270 

- 
- 
- 
14,319 
- 

- 
- 
- 
14,319 

- 
- 
- 
13,129 
- 

- 
- 
- 
13,129 

71 
71 
(2,909) 
(54,750) 
- 

(39) 
(39) 
700 
(54,089) 

Total 
£’000 
10,833 

71 
71 
(2,909) 
7,995 
35 

(39) 
(4) 
700 
8,691 

Company 
At 1 January 2020 
Share options – value of  
employee services 
Transactions with owners 
(Loss) for the year 
At 31 December 2020 
Shares issues in the period 
Share options – value of  
employee services 
Transactions with owners 
Profit for the year 
At 31 December 2021 

The notes on pages 58 to 87 form part of the financial statements. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Financial Position as at 31 December 2021 

Company number 3539413 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Right-of-use assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Deferred tax assets 
Retirement benefit asset 
Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 
Total assets 
Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 
Lease liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Provisions 
Total current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Lease liabilities 
Provisions 
Retirement benefit liability 
Total non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Net assets 

Shareholders’ equity 

Called up share capital 
Share premium reserve 
Capital redemption reserve 
Other reserves 
Retained earnings 
Total shareholders’ equity 

Notes 

11 
12 
13 
14 
16 
15 
22 

16 

17 
14 
18 
19 

14 
19 
22 

23 
21 
21 
21 
21 

Parity Group plc 

Consolidated 

31 December 
2020 
as restated  
£’000 

1 January 2020 
as restated  
£’000 

2021  

£’000 

4,594 
84 
15 
149 
29 
528 
1,939 
7,338 

4,768 
1,121 
5,889 
13,227 

(2,279) 
(242) 
(3,608) 
- 
(6,129) 

(29) 
(42) 
- 
(71) 
(6,200) 
7,027 

4,594 
6 
23 
247 
87 
627 
208 
5,792 

6,062 
3,172 
9,234 
15,026 

(2,941) 
(321) 
(4,857) 
(139) 
(8,258) 

(87) 
(42) 
- 
(129) 
(8,387) 
6,639 

2,062 
33,270 
14,319 
34,560 
(77,184) 
7,027 

2,053 
33,244 
14,319 
34,560 
(77,537) 
6,639 

4,594 
32 
43 
395 
- 
970 
- 
6,034 

6,739 
4,116 
10,855 
16,889 

(2,719) 
(325) 
(6,259) 
(324) 
(9,627) 

(173) 
(21) 
(892) 
(1,086) 
(10,713) 
6,176 

2,053 
33,244 
14,319 
34,560 
(78,000) 
6,176 

In accordance with Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own income statement or 
statement of comprehensive income. The profit for the year dealt with in the accounts of the Company was £700,000 
(2020: loss of £2,909,000). 

The notes on pages 58 to 87 form part of the financial statements. 

Approved by the Directors and authorised for issue on 27 April 2022.             

Mark Braund 
Executive Chairman 

Michael Johns 

 Chief Financial Officer 

55 

 
 
    
                                                                                                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Financial Position as at 31 December 2021 

Parity Group plc 

Company number 3539413 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 
Total assets 
Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Provisions 
Total current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Net assets 

Shareholders’ equity 

Called up share capital 
Share premium reserve 
Capital redemption reserve 
Other reserves 
Retained earnings 
Total shareholders’ equity 

Company 
2021  

Notes 

£’000 

16 
27 

16 

18 
19 

18 

23 
21 
21 
21 
21 

94,850 
20,527 
115,377 

- 
405 
405 
115,782 

(16,048) 
- 
(16,048) 

(91,043) 
(91,043) 
(107,091) 
8,691 

2,062 
33,270 
14,319 
13,129 
(54,089) 
8,691 

2020 

£’000 

134,662 
20,527 
155,189 

925 
301 
1,226 
156,415 

(13,944) 
- 
(13,944) 

(134,476) 
(134,476) 
(148,420) 
7,995 

2,053 
33,244 
14,319 
13,129 
(54,750) 
7,995 

In accordance with Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own income statement or 
statement of comprehensive income. The profit for the year dealt with in the accounts of the Company was £700,000 
(2020: loss of £2,909,000). 

The notes on pages 58 to 87 form part of the financial statements. 

Approved by the Directors and authorised for issue on 27 April 2022.             

Mark Braund 
Executive Chairman 

Michael Johns 

 Chief Financial Officer 

56 

 
 
   
                                                                                                                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Parity Group plc 

Consolidated 

Company 

  Notes 

2021 
£’000 

2020  
£’000 

2021 
£’000 

2020  
£’000 

(636) 

(470) 

700 

(2,909) 

7 
8 
9 
12 
21 
13 
14 
14 
14 

16 
18 
19 
22 

13 
12 

17 
14 

7 

281 
(64) 
(467) 
3 
35 
12 
414 
31 
- 
(391) 

1,352 
(1,249) 
(139) 
(322) 
(749) 

(4) 
(81) 
(85) 

(662) 
(490) 
- 
(65) 
(1,217) 

(2,051) 
3,172 
1,121 

348 
90 
145 
26 
- 
20 
540 
- 
(21) 
678 

764 
(1,402) 
(165) 
(325) 
(450) 

- 
- 
- 

222 
(649) 
- 
(67) 
(494) 

(944) 
4,116 
3,172 

(1,732) 
(39) 
(24) 
- 
35 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(1,060) 

- 
82 
- 
- 
(978) 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
1,147 
(65) 
1,082 

104 
301 
405 

1,902 
71 
(130) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(1,066) 

1 
20 
- 
- 
(1,045) 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
1,296 
(67) 
1,229 

184 
117 
301 

Operating activities 
(Loss)/profit for the year 
Adjustments for: 
Net finance expense 
Share-based payment expense 
Income tax (credit)/ charge 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Shares issued in lieu of Directors fees 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Depreciation and impairment of right-of-use assets 
Loss on write down of lease assets 
Lease liability credit 

Working capital movements 
Decrease in trade and other receivables 
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables 
(Decrease)/increase in provisions 
Payments to retirement benefit plan 
Net cash flows (used in)/from operating activities 

Investing activities 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Development of intangible assets 
Net cash flows used in investing activities 

Financing activities 
(Repayment)/drawdown of finance facility 
Principal repayment of lease liabilities 
Net movements on intercompany funding 
Interest paid 
Net cash flows (used in)/from financing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

The notes on pages 58 to 87 form part of the financial statements. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Parity Group plc 

1 

Accounting policies 

Basis of preparation 

Parity Group plc (the “Company”) is a company incorporated and domiciled in the UK.  

Both the parent company financial statements and the Group financial statements have been prepared and approved by 
the Directors in accordance with company law and UK adopted international accounting standards. On publishing the 
parent  company  financial  statements  here  together  with  the  Group  financial  statements,  the  Company  is  taking 
advantage of the exemption in Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present its individual income statement and 
related notes that form a part of these approved financial statements. Financial Information is presented in £’000. 

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below.  The policies 
have been consistently applied to all the years presented unless otherwise stated. 

The Group’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance and position 
are set out in the Directors’ Report (Review of business and future developments).  The financial position of the Group, 
its cash flows, liquidity position and borrowing facilities are described in the Operational and Financial Review on pages 6 
to 11 and in note 20 to the financial statements.  Note 20 also includes the Group’s objectives for managing capital. 

As  outlined  in note 20,  the  Group  meets  its  day  to day  working capital requirements through  an  asset-based  finance 
facility. The facility contains certain financial covenants which have been met throughout the period. During the period 
the PNC facility was replaced in April 2021 with a new asset based lending facility provided by Leumi ABL. This new facility 
runs for 3 years and provides up to £9m of borrowing.  

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Directors have reviewed the Group’s cash 
flow forecasts for the period to 31 December 2023, taking account of reasonably possible changes in trading performance. 
Discussion of this risk is included within Principal Risks and Uncertainties on pages 12 to 14. Downside sensitivities have 
included  reduced  levels  of  new  business  in  these  scenarios,  the  Directors  do  not  anticipate  issues  with  the  Group’s 
financing requirements.  

Basis of consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as at 31 
December 2021. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. Control exists when the Group has: 

• 

• 

• 

existing rights that give it the ability to direct the relevant activities that significantly affect the subsidiary's 
returns; and 

exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the subsidiary; and  

the ability to use its power over the subsidiary to affect the amount of the Group's returns. 

The acquisition date is the date on which control is transferred to the acquirer. The financial statements of subsidiaries 
are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control 
ceases. 

The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the parent company, using 
consistent accounting policies. All intra-group balances, transactions, unrealised gains and losses resulting from intra-
group transactions and dividends are eliminated in full. 

In accordance with Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own income statement or 
statement of comprehensive income. The profit for the year dealt with in the accounts of the Company was £700,000 
(2020: loss of £2,909,000). 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business combinations 

Parity Group plc 

The acquisition of subsidiaries is accounted for using the purchase method. The related costs of acquisition other than 
those  associated  with  the  issue  of  debt  or  equity  securities,  are  recognised  in  the  profit  and  loss  as  incurred.  The 
acquiree’s identifiable assets and liabilities and contingent liabilities that meet the conditions for recognition under 
IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ are recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date.  

Accounting policies: new standards, amendments and interpretations effective and adopted by the Group  

There are no other standards, amendments or interpretations effective this year which have a significant impact on these 
financial statements. 

Accounting policies: new standards, amendments and interpretations that are not yet effective and have not been 
adopted early by the Group 

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, several new, but not yet effective, standards, amendments 
to existing standards and interpretations have been published. None of these have been adopted early by the Group. 
New standards, amendments and interpretations not adopted in the current year have not been disclosed as they are 
not expected to have a material impact on the Group. 

Measurement convention 
The  financial  statements  are  prepared  on  the  historical  cost  basis.  Non-current  assets  are  stated  at  the  lower  of 
previous carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. 

 Alternative performance measure 
In the reporting of its financial performance, the Group uses certain measures that are not defined under IFRS, the 
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) under which the Group reports. The Directors believe that these 
non-GAAP measures assists with the understanding of the performance of the business. These non-GAAP measures 
are not a substitute, or superior to, any IFRS measures of performance but they have been included as the Directors 
consider them to be an important means of comparing performance year-on-year and they include key measures used 
within the business for assessing performance. 

Non-underlying items 
The presentation of the alternative performance measure of adjusted profit before tax excludes non-underlying items. 
The Directors consider that an underlying profit measure better illustrates the underlying performance of the Group 
and allows a more meaningful comparison of performance across periods. Items are classified as non-underlying by 
nature of their magnitude, incidence or unpredictable nature and their separate identification results in a calculation 
of  an  underlying  profit  measure  that  is  consistent  with  that  reviewed  by  the  Board  in  their  monitoring  of  the 
performance of the Group. Events which may give rise to the classification of items as non-underlying include gains or 
losses on the disposal of a business, restructuring of a business, transaction costs, litigation and similar settlements, 
asset impairments and onerous contracts. 

Adjusted EBITDA 
Operating profit before non-underlying items and before  the deduction of depreciation, amortisation changes and 
shared based payments. This is considered a useful measure, commonly accepted and widely used when evaluation 
business performance and used by the Directors to evaluate performance of the Group and its subsidiaries. 

Adjusted EBITDA 

(£ 000's) 
Operating (loss)/ profit 

Add back: 

Adjustment for amortisation & depreciation  

Adjustment for share based payment charge/(income) 

EBITDA 

Non underlying costs 

Adjusted EBITDA 

2021 
(822) 

460 

(64) 

(426) 

553 

127 

2020 
23 

586 

90 

699 

447 

1,146 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Net debt 
Net debt is the amount of bank debt less available cash balances and is regarded as a useful measure of the level of 
external debt utilised by the Group to fund its operations. Net debt is also presented on a pre-IFRS 16 basis which 
excludes lease liabilities. 

 Revenue recognition 
The Group generates revenue principally through the provision of recruitment and consultancy services.  

Identifying the contract with the customer; 
Identifying the performance obligations; 

To determine whether to recognise revenue, the Group follows a five-step process: 
1. 
2. 
3.  Determining the transaction price; 
4.  Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and 
5.  Recognising revenue when and as performance obligations are satisfied. 
Revenue is recognised either at a point in time or over  time, when the group satisfies performance obligations by 
transferring promised services to its customers. Revenue is measured at the transaction price, being the amount of 
consideration expected to be entitled in exchange for services to a customer, net of refund liabilities and value added 
tax. 

Revenue for the provision of recruitment services 
The performance obligation is the provision of temporary or permanent workers to customers. For temporary workers, 
the performance obligations are satisfied over time as the customer receives the benefit of the temporary worker, in 
line with time worked by the temporary worker at pre-determined rates. For permanent workers, the performance 
obligation is measured at a point in time, which is at the point that the permanent worker commences employment, 
as before this time the Group does not create or enhance an asset for the customer and there is no enforceable right 
to payment until then. Refund liabilities related to permanent workers are calculated based on a probabilistic estimate 
using historic refund levels. 

The Group presents revenues gross of the costs of the temporary workers where it acts as principal under IFRS 15 and 
net of the costs of temporary workers where it acts as agent. The Group acts as principal in the large majority of its 
contracts, where it has the primary responsibility for fulfilling the promise to supply a worker to a customer and has 
control over that supply. The Group acts as agent where it does not have such control. 

Revenue for the provision of consultancy services 
Performance obligations on consultancy services contracts are satisfied over time if the service creates an asset that 
the  customer  controls  and  the  Group  has  an  enforceable  right  to  payment.  Revenue  is  measured  using  an  input 
measure, such as days worked as a proportion of total days to be worked, towards the satisfaction of an obligation. 

In obtaining some contracts, the Group may incur a number of incremental costs, such as commissions paid to sales 
staff. As the amortisation period of these costs, if capitalised, would be less than one year, the Group makes use of the 
practical expedient in IFRS 15 and expenses them as incurred. 

Financing income and expenses 
Financing expenses comprise interest payable and finance leases recognised in profit or loss using the effective 
interest method, unwinding of the discount on the retirement benefit scheme liabilities, and net foreign exchange 
losses that are recognised in the income statement (see Foreign currencies accounting policy). Financing income 
comprises the expected return on the retirement benefit scheme assets, interest receivable on funds invested, 
dividend income, and net foreign exchange gains. 

Interest income and interest payable is recognised in profit or loss as it accrues, using the effective interest method. 
Dividend  income  is  recognised  in  the  income  statement  on  the  date  the  entity’s  right  to  receive  payments  is 
established. Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Dividends 

Final dividends proposed by the Board of Directors and unpaid at the balance sheet date are not recognised in the 
financial statements until they have been approved by the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting. Interim 
dividends, which do not require shareholder approval, are recognised when paid. 

Taxation 

Tax  on  the  profit  or  loss  for  the  year  comprises  current  and  deferred  tax.  Tax  is  recognised  in  the  income 
statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised 
in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates 
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of 
previous years. 

Deferred  tax  is  provided  on  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for 
financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. The following temporary differences 
are not provided for: the initial recognition of goodwill; the initial recognition of assets or liabilities that affect 
neither  accounting  nor  taxable  profit  other  than  in  a  business  combination,  and  differences  relating  to 
investments  in  subsidiaries  to  the  extent  that  they  will  probably  not  reverse  in  the  foreseeable  future.  The 
amount of deferred tax provided is based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying 
amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. 

A deferred tax asset for deductible temporary differences is not recognised unless it is probable that there will 
be taxable profits in the foreseeable future against which the deferred tax asset can be utilised.  A deferred tax 
asset  for  unused  tax  losses  carried  forward  is  recognised  on  the  same  basis  as  for  deductible  temporary 
differences.  However, the existence of the unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may 
not be available.  Therefore, when an entity has a history of recent losses, the entity recognises a deferred tax 
asset arising from unused tax losses only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that sufficient taxable 
profit will be available against which the unused tax losses can be utilised.  

Foreign currencies 

Company 
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets 
and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance 
sheet date.  All differences are taken to the income statement. 

Non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  measured  in  terms  of  historical  cost  in  a  foreign  currency  are 
translated  using  the  exchange  rate  at  the  date  of  the  transaction.  Non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated  in  foreign  currencies  that  are  stated  at fair  value  are  retranslated  to the  functional currency at 
foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates the fair value was determined.  

Group 
On consolidation, the results of overseas operations are translated into sterling at rates approximating to those 
ruling when the transactions took place. All assets and liabilities of overseas operations are translated at the rate 
ruling at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on translating the opening net assets at opening rate 
and the results of overseas operations at actual rate are recognised in other comprehensive income. On disposal 
of a foreign operation, the cumulative exchange differences recognised in other comprehensive income relating 
to that operation up to the date of disposal are transferred to the consolidated income statement as part of the 
profit or loss on disposal. 

Segmental reporting 

Operating  segments  are  reported  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  internal  reporting  provided  to  the  Chief 
Operating Decision Maker. The Chief Operating Decision Maker is the Group Board. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Intangible assets 

Goodwill 

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisition of a business combination over the Group’s share of the 
fair value of identifiable net assets of the business acquired. 

After initial recognition, goodwill is stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to 
cash-generating units and is not amortised but is tested annually for impairment. In respect of equity accounted 
investees, the carrying amount of goodwill is included in the carrying amount of the investment in the investee. 

Gains and losses on disposal of a business include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the business sold in 
determining the gain or loss on disposal, except for goodwill arising on business combinations on or before 31 
December  1997  which  has  been  deducted  from  shareholders’  equity  and  remains  indefinitely  in  shareholders’ 
equity. 

Software 

The carrying amount of software is its cost less any accumulated amortisation and provision for impairment. Software 
is amortised on a straight-line basis over its expected useful economic life of three to seven years. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of depreciation and provision for impairment.   

Depreciation is provided on all property, plant and equipment at rates calculated to write off the cost less estimated 
residual value of each asset on a straight-line basis over its expected useful economic life, as follows: 

Leasehold improvements 
Office equipment 

The lesser of the asset life and the remaining length of the lease 
Between 3 and 5 years 

The  carrying  value  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  reviewed  for  impairment  if  events  or  changes  in 
circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. 

Impairment of non-financial assets (excluding deferred tax assets) 

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount, 
the latter being the higher of the fair value less costs to sell associated with the cash generating unit (CGU) and its value 
in use.  Value in use calculations are performed using cash flow projections for the CGU to which the goodwill relates, 
discounted at a pre-tax rate which reflects the asset specific risks and the time value of money. 

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated first 
to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the 
other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis. 

Goodwill is tested for impairment at each reporting date. The carrying value of other intangible assets and property, 
plant and equipment is reviewed for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may 
not be recoverable.  

For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest 
group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of 
other assets or groups of assets, being the cash generating unit. The goodwill acquired in a business combination, for 
the purpose of impairment testing, is allocated to CGUs. Subject to an operating segment ceiling test, for the purposes 
of goodwill impairment testing, CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated are aggregated so that the level at which 
impairment is tested reflects the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal reporting purposes. Goodwill 
acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of 
the combination.  

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in 
prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An 
impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An 
impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount 
that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and short-term deposits in the consolidated balance sheet compromise cash at bank and in hand and short-term 
deposits with the original maturity of three months or less. For the purpose of the consolidated cash flow statement, 
cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits as defined above. Amounts drawn down from the 
asset-based lending facility with Leumi are shown within loans and borrowings on the consolidated balance sheet. 

Financial instruments 

Financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognised  when  the Group  becomes  a  party  to the  contractual  provisions  of the 
financial instrument. Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows expire or when 
substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards  are  transferred.  A  financial  liability  is  derecognised  when  it  is  extinguished, 
discharged, cancelled or expires. 

Except for trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component and are measured at the transaction 
price in accordance with IFRS 15, all financial assets are initially measured at fair value adjusted for transaction costs. 
Financial assets, other than those designated and effective as hedging instruments, are classified as either amortised 
cost, fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) or fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). In the periods 
presented, the Group has no financial assets categorised as FVTPL or FVOCI. 

The Group’s financial assets include cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables. After initial recognition, 
these are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. All income and expenses relating to financial 
assets  that  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  are  presented  within  finance  costs,  except  for  impairment  of  trade 
receivables which is presented within operating expenses. Unless otherwise indicated, the carrying amounts of the 
Group’s financial assets are a reasonable approximation of their fair values. 

Impairment provisions are recognised using the expected credit loss model. Measurement of expected credit losses is 
determined by a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses over the expected life of the financial instrument. The 
Group makes use of a simplified approach for trade and other receivables and contract assets and records impairment 
as a lifetime expected credit loss, being the expected shortfalls in contractual cash flows, considering the potential for 
default. The Group uses its historical experience, external indicators and forward-looking information to calculate the 
expected credit losses. 

Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position comprise cash at bank and in hand, short term deposits 
and other short term liquid investments. In the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and 
cash equivalents, net of bank overdrafts. 

The  Group’s  financial  liabilities  include  bank  borrowings,  finance  leases  and  trade  and  other  payables.  Financial 
liabilities are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest 
method. All interest related charges that are reported in profit and loss are presented within net finance expenses. In 
the  periods  presented,  the  Group  has  no  financial  liabilities  categorised  as  FVTPL.  Unless  otherwise  indicated,  the 
carrying amounts of the Group’s financial liabilities are a reasonable approximation of their fair values. 

Amounts recoverable on contracts and accrued income 

Amounts recoverable on contracts which are expected to benefit performance and be recoverable over the life of the 
contracts are recognised in the statement of financial position within trade and other receivables and charged to the 
income statement over the life of the contract so as to match costs with revenues. 

Amounts recoverable on contracts are stated at the net sales value of work done less amounts received as progress 
payments on account.  Where progress payments exceed the sales value of work done, they are included in payables 
as payments in advance. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
Accrued income primarily arises where temporary workers have provided their services but approved timesheets are 
outstanding. As such, the amount incurred and margin earned thereon has yet to be invoiced onto the client. In making 
an accrual for time worked by contractors at the balance sheet date, management make an estimate of the time worked 
based on knowledge of the contracts in place, the number of working days outstanding and experience adjustments 
from prior periods. 

Leased assets 

At the commencement of a lease, the Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The right-of-use asset 
is  measured  at  cost,  comprising  the  initial  measurement  of  the  lease  liability,  any  initial  direct  costs  incurred,  an 
estimate of any restoration costs and any lease payments made in advance of the lease commencement date, net of 
any incentives received. The lease liability is measured at the present value of the minimum lease payments discounted 
using the rate implicit in the lease, or if that cannot be determined, which is generally the case for the leases in the 
Group,  the  Group’s  incremental  borrowing  rate  is  used.  Lease  payments  to  be  made  under  lease  extensions  are 
included  when  the  option  to  extend  is  reasonably  certain  to  be  taken  up.  Subsequent  to  initial  measurement,  the 
liability will be reduced for payments made and increased for interest. It is remeasured to reflect any reassessment or 
modification. 

Expected lives of right-of-use assets are determined by reference to the lease term and depreciated over the lease 
term on a straight-line basis. 

Provisions 

A provision is recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, that 
can  be  reliably  measured  and  it  is  probable  that  an  outflow  of  economic  benefits  will  be  required  to  settle  the 
obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects risks 
specific to the liability. 

From time to time the Group faces the potential of legal action in respect of employment or other contracts. In such 
situations, where it is probable that a payment will be required to settle the action, provision is made for the Group’s 
best estimate of the outcome. 

Where leasehold properties are surplus to requirements, provisions are made for the best estimates of the unavoidable 
net future costs. 

Provisions for dilapidation charges that will crystallise at the end of the period of occupancy are provided for in full on 
non-serviced properties. 

Pensions 

The  Group  operates  a  small  number  of  retirement  benefit  schemes.    With  the  exception  of  the  ‘Parity  Retirement 
Benefit Plan’, all of the schemes are defined contribution plans and the assets are held in separate, independently 
administered funds.  The Group’s contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to the income statement in 
the period to which the services are rendered by the employees, and the Group has no further obligation to pay further 
amounts. 

The ‘Parity Retirement Benefit Plan’ is a defined benefit pension fund with assets held separately from the Group. This 
fund has been closed to new members since 1995 and with effect from 1 January 2005 was also closed to future service 
accrual. 

A  defined  benefit  plan  is  a  post-employment  benefit  plan  other  than  a  defined contribution  plan.  The  Group’s  net 
obligation in respect of defined benefit pension plans is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that 
employees  have  earned  in  return  for  their  service  in  the  current  and  prior  periods;  that  benefit  is  discounted  to 
determine its present value, and the fair value of any plan assets at bid price, and any unrecognised past service costs 
are deducted. The liability discount rate is the yield at the balance sheet date on AA credit rated bonds denominated 
in the currency of, and having maturity dates approximating to, the terms of the Group’s obligations. The calculation 
is performed by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a benefit to 
the Group, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of benefits available in the form of any future refunds 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
from the plan, reductions in future contributions to the plan or on settlement of the plan and takes into account the 
adverse effect of any minimum funding requirements. 

Share capital 

Financial instruments issued by the Group are treated as equity only to the extent that they meet the following two 
conditions: 
 (a)     they include no contractual obligations upon the company (or Group as the case may be) to deliver cash or other 
financial  assets  or  to  exchange  financial  assets  or  financial  liabilities  with  another  party  under  conditions  that  are 
potentially unfavourable to the company (or Group); and  
(b)     where the instrument will or may be settled in the company’s own equity instruments, it is either a non-derivative 
that includes no obligation to deliver a variable number of the company’s own equity instruments or is a derivative that 
will be settled by the company’s exchanging a fixed amount of cash or other financial assets for a fixed number of its 
own equity instruments. 
To  the  extent  that  this  definition  is  not  met,  the  proceeds  of  issue  are  classified  as  a  financial  liability.    Where  the 
instrument so classified takes the legal form of the company’s own shares, the amounts presented in these financial 
statements for called up share capital and share premium account exclude amounts in relation to those shares.   

For  the  purposes  of  the  disclosures  given  in  note  20,  the  Group  considers  its  capital  to  comprise  its  cash  and  cash 
equivalents, its asset-based bank borrowings, and its equity attributable to equity holders, comprising issued capital, 
reserves and retained earnings, as disclosed in the statement of changes in equity. 

Financial guarantee contracts 

Where Group companies enter into financial guarantee contracts and guarantee the indebtedness of other companies 
within the Group, the company considers these to be insurance arrangements and accounts for them as such. In this 
respect,  the  company  does  not  recognise  liabilities  under  the  contracts  until  it  becomes  probable  that  any  Group 
company will be required to make a payment under the guarantee.  

Share-based payment transactions 

Share-based payment arrangements in which the Group and Company receives goods or services as consideration 
for its own equity instruments are accounted for as equity-settled share-based payment transactions, regardless of 
how the equity instruments are obtained by the Group and Company. 

The  grant  date  fair  value  of  share-based  payment  awards  granted  to  employees  is  recognised  as  an  employee 
expense,  with  a  corresponding  increase  in  equity,  over  the  period  that  the  employees  become  unconditionally 
entitled to the awards.  The fair value of the options granted is measured using an option valuation model, taking 
into account the terms and conditions upon which the options were granted.  The amount recognised as an expense 
is adjusted to reflect the actual number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions 
are  expected  to  be  met,  such  that  the  amount  ultimately  recognised  as  an  expense  is  based  on the  number  of 
awards that do meet the related service and non-market performance conditions at the vesting date. For share-
based  payment  awards  with  non-vesting  conditions,  the  grant  date  fair  value  of  the  share-based  payment  is 
measured to reflect such conditions and there is no true-up for differences between expected and actual outcomes. 

Where the terms  and conditions  of  options  are  modified  before  they  vest,  the  increase  in  the fair  value  of  the 
options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the income statement over 
the remaining vesting period. 

Significant management judgements in applying accounting policies and estimation uncertainty 

When preparing the financial statements, management make a number of judgements, estimates and assumptions 
about the recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The following are the judgements 
made  by  management  in  applying  the  accounting  policies  of  the  Group  and  the  estimates  that  have  the  most 
significant effect on the financial statements. 

Significant management judgements 
Recognition of deferred tax asset 
A deferred tax asset has been recognised for unused tax losses carried forward within Parity Consultancy Services 
Limited as management believes that given the significant increase in the Retirement benefit asset during the period 
there is sufficient certainty that a proportion of the tax losses carried forward would be utilised to offset any charge 
65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

arising from the realisation of the surplus on the Retirement benefit asset. Accordingly management have decided to 
include within the financial statements a deferred tax asset in Parity Consultancy Services Limited equal to the tax 
charge calculated on the Retirement benefit asset during the year of £1.9m. 
Revenue recognition 
The main area of judgement in revenue recognition relates to the determination of whether the Group acts as principal 
or agent in its contractual arrangements for the provision of temporary workers to customers. The factors considered 
by management to result in recognition of revenue as principal include that the Group: 
• 
has a direct relationship with the worker and is responsible for paying the worker; 
• 
has the primary responsibility for organising the service engagements and fulfilling the promise to supply a worker 
to a customer; and 
the Group has control over the supply of the worker. 

• 

Estimation uncertainty 

Retirement benefit liability 
The costs, assets and liabilities of the defined benefit scheme operated by the Group are determined using methods 
relying on actuarial estimates and assumptions. Details of the key assumptions and sensitivities on those assumptions 
are  set  out  in note 22.  The Group  takes  advice  from  independent  actuaries  relating to  the  appropriateness  of  the 
assumptions. Changes in the assumptions used may have a material effect on the income statement and the statement 
of financial position within the next year. 

Investments in subsidiaries  
The Company reviews its investment in subsidiaries to test for impairment. The recoverable amounts are determined 
using discounted future cash flows of the relevant subsidiaries. In performing these tests, assumptions are made in 
respect of future growth rates and the discount rate to be applied to the future cash flows, as set out in note 27. 
Changes in the assumptions used may have a material effect on the income statement and statement of financial 
position within the next year. 

2      Segmental information 

Factors that management used to identify the Group’s reporting segments 
In  accordance  with  IFRS  8  ‘Operating  Segments’  the  Group’s  management  structure,  and  the  reporting  of  financial 
information to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the Group Board), have been used as the basis to define reporting 
segments. 

Description of the types of services from which each reportable segment derives its revenues 
During the period the Group derived revenue from two operating segments relating to customer sectors, being the 
public sector and private sector. The reporting of financial information presented to the Chief operating Decision maker, 
being  the  Group  board  of  directors,  is  consistent  with  these  reporting  segments.  These  reporting  segments  are 
supported by a combined back office and therefore there is no allocation of overheads between sectors. 

The  accounting  policies  of  the  operating  segments  are  the  same  as  those  described  in  the  summary  of  significant 
accounting policies. 

Revenue 
Contractor costs 
Net fee income 

Revenue 
Contractor costs 
Net fee income 

Public sector 
2021 
£’000 
32,544 
(29,691) 
2,853 

Private sector 
2021 
£’000 
14,418 
(13,191) 
1,227 

Public sector 
2020 
£’000 
43,283 
(39,405) 
3,878 

Private sector 
2020 
£’000 
14,544 
(12,861) 
1,683 

Total 
2021 
£’000 
46,962 
(42,882) 
4,080 

Total 
2020 
£’000 
57,827 
(52,266) 
5,561 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

All segment assets and liabilities are based in the UK. 

3      Revenue 

All of the Group’s revenue derives from contracts with customers. Trade receivables, amounts recoverable on contracts 
and accrued income as presented in note 16 arise from contracts with customers. Changes to the Group’s contract assets 
are attributable solely to the satisfaction of performance obligations. 

The Group’s revenue disaggregated by pattern of revenue recognition is as follows: 

Services transferred over time 
Services transferred at a point in time 
Revenue 

The Group’s revenue disaggregated by primary geographical market is as follows: 

United Kingdom 
European Union 
Other 
Revenue  

2021 
£’000 
46,934 
28 
46,962 

2020 
£’000 
57,790 
37 
57,827 

2021 
£’000 
43,967 
2,994 
1 
46,962 

2020 
£’000 
55,235 
2,577 
15 
57,827 

The largest single customer in the public sector contributed 26% or £8.2m to public sector revenue (2020: 25% or £11.0m). 
The largest single customer in the private sector contributed 79% or £11.7m to private sector revenue (2020: 46% or 
£6.7m). 

4 

Operating expenses 

Employee benefit costs 
-  wages and salaries 
-  social security costs 
-  other pension costs 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 
Amortisation of intangible assets - software 
Depreciation of leased property, plant and equipment 
Depreciation of owned property, plant and equipment 
Depreciation of right-of-use assets 
Impairment of right-of-use assets 

All other operating expenses 
Occupancy costs 
IT costs 
Net exchange (gain)/loss 
Equity settled share-based payment charge 
Other operating costs 

Total operating expenses 

67 

Consolidated 

2021 
£’000 

2,818 
316 
86 
3,220 

3 
- 
12 
414 
31 
460 

43 
236 
15 
(64) 
992 
1,222 
4,902 

2020 
£’000 

2,975 
342 
102 
3,419 

26 
- 
20 
540 
- 
586 

44 
464 
(2) 
90 
937 
1,533 
5,538 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Disclosures relating to the remuneration of Directors are set out from page 26. 

During the year the Group obtained the following services from the Group’s auditors: 

Parity Group plc 

Consolidated 
Fees payable to the auditor of the Group’s annual financial statements 
Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for other services 
The audit of the Company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation 
Total 

Tax compliance 
Other services 
Total fees 

All other services have been performed in the UK. 

5            Non-underlying items 

Restructuring 
- 
- 
-  Other costs 

Costs related to employees 
Costs related to premises 

Grant Thornton UK LLP 
2020 
£’000 
15 
- 
58 
73 

2021 
£’000 
15 
- 
67 
82 

17 
- 
105 

2021 
£’000 

502 
31 
20 
553 

16 
16 
89 

2020 
£’000 

370 
(11) 
88 
447 

Items are classified as non-underlying by nature of their magnitude, incidence or unpredictable nature and their separate 
identification results in a calculation of an underlying profit measure that is consistent with that reviewed by the Board 
in their monitoring of the performance of the Group. 

Non-underlying  items  during  2021  include  costs  related  to  changes  in  senior  management  of  the  Group,  including 
employee termination payments. 

6          Average staff numbers 

The average number of staff employed by the Group during the year was as follows: 

Group 

The total above includes 4 (2020: 5) employees of the Company. 

At 31 December 2021, the Group had 35 employees (2020: 41). 

7         Finance costs 

Interest expense on financial liabilities 
Interest expense on lease liabilities 
Interest income on lease assets 
Net finance costs in respect of post-retirement benefits 

68 

2021 
Number 
38 

2020 
Number 
44 

2021 
£’000 
65 
8 
(3) 
211 
281 

2020 
£’000 
67 
19 
(4) 
266 
348 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
The interest expense on financial liabilities represents interest paid on the Group’s asset-based financing facilities. A 1% 
increase in the base rate would have increased annual borrowing costs by approximately £25,000 (2020: £17,000). 

8    Share-based payments 

The Group operates several share-based reward schemes for employees: 

•  HMRC approved schemes for Executive Directors and senior staff; 
• 
• 

an unapproved scheme for Executive Directors and senior staff; and 
a Save As You Earn Scheme for all employees. 

Under the approved and unapproved schemes, options vest if the share price averages a target price for 5 consecutive 
days over a three-year period from the date of grant. Options lapse if the individual leaves the Group, except under certain 
circumstances such as leaving by reason of redundancy, when the options lapse 12 months after the leaving date. 

In May 2021 the Save As You Earn Scheme was closed for all new participants and current participants were granted six 
months to either purchase shares at the exercise price of 10 pence per share or to withdraw their funds from the scheme. 
As at the end of 2021 all funds were withdrawn and the Save As You Earn Scheme was closed.  

All employee options have a maximum term of ten years from the date of grant. The total share-based remuneration 
recognised in the income statement was a gain of £64,000 (2020: loss of £90,000). Share-based remuneration relating to 
key management personnel is disclosed in note 25. 

Outstanding at beginning of the year 
Granted during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Lapsed during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 

2021 
Weighted 
average exercise 
price (p) 
9 
7 
- 
(9) 
7 

2020 
Weighted 
average exercise 
price (p) 
11 
9 
- 
(11) 
9 

2021 
Number 
11,919,040 
6,000,000 
- 
(9,909,040) 
8,010,000 

2020 
Number 
11,157,040 
6,000,000 
- 
(5,238,000) 
11,919,040 

The exercise price of options outstanding at the end of the year and their weighted average contractual life fell within 
the following ranges: 

2021 
Weighted 
average 
contractual life 
(years) 
9 
- 
1 

2021 
Exercise price (p) 
7-11 
11-17 
17-28 

2020 
Weighted 
average 
contractual life 
(years) 
9 
7 
2 

2020 
Exercise price 
(p) 
7-11 
11-17 
17-28 

2021 
Number 
8,000,000 
- 
10,000 
8,010,000 

2020 
Number 
10,379,040 
1,500,000 
40,000 
11,919,040 

Of the total number of options outstanding at the end of the year 10,000 (2020: 840,000) had vested and were exercisable 
at the end of the year. The weighted average exercise price of those options was 26 pence (2020: 9 pence). 

No options were exercised during the year (2020: none).   

2,500,000 options were granted during the year (2020: 6,000,000) at a weighted average fair value of 1 pence (2020: 2 
pence). In addition, 3,500,000 share warrants were granted during the year (2020: nil) at a weighted average fair value of 
1 pence (2020: nil).  

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
The following information is relevant in determining the fair value of options granted during the year under equity–settled 
share-based remuneration schemes operated by the Group. There are no cash-settled schemes. 

Option valuation model 
Weighted average share price at grant date (p) 
Weighted average exercise price (p) 
Weighted average contractual life (years) 
Weighted average expected life (years) 
Expected volatility 
Weighted average risk-free rate 
Expected dividend growth rate 

2021 
Stochastic 
7 
7 
10 
5 
47.7-48.0% 
0.61% 
0% 

2020 
Stochastic 
7 
8 
10 
5 
47.6-48.0% 
0.09% 
0% 

The volatility assumption is calculated as the historic volatility of the share price over a 5 year period prior to grant date. 

Share options issued to defined benefit pension scheme 
In December 2010 the Group issued 1,000,000 share options in Parity Group plc to the pension scheme at an exercise 
price of 9 pence per share. These options may be exercised at the discretion of the Trustees; they vested on grant and 
have no expiry date. Any gain on exercise is to be used to reduce the scheme deficit. These options were valued using the 
stochastic method. The share price on the grant date was 15.75 pence.  Whilst the options do not have an expiry date, 
for valuation purposes it is assumed that the expected life of the options is 8 years. The expected volatility is 64.2% and 
the average risk-free rate assumed was 3.4%. 

9 

Taxation 

Current tax 
Current tax on profit for the year 
Total current tax expense 

Deferred tax 
Accelerated capital allowances 
Recognition of deferred tax asset on past trading losses 
Origination and reversal of other temporary differences 
Adjustments in respect of prior periods 
Change in corporation tax rate 
Total deferred tax charge 

Tax charge 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

- 
- 

(2) 
(678) 
98 
115 
- 
(467) 

(467) 

- 
- 

(4) 
- 
2 
230 
(83) 
145 

145 

The adjustment in respect of prior periods of £115,000 (2020: £230,000) largely relates to decisions to claim or disclaim 
capital allowances. 

There is no current tax payable by the Group for 2021 (2020: £nil).      

The Group’s profits for this accounting period are subject to tax at a rate of 19% (2020: 19%).  

The reasons for the difference between the actual tax credit for the year and the standard rate of corporation tax in the 
UK applied to profit for the year are as follows: 

Loss before tax 
Expected tax credit based on the standard rate of UK 
corporation tax of 19% (2020: 19%) 
Expenses not allowable for tax purposes 
Adjustments in respect of prior periods  

70 

2021 
£’000 
(1,103) 

(210) 
- 
115 

2020 
£’000 
(325) 

(62) 
(2) 
230 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax losses not recognised  
Tax losses recognised 
Change in corporation tax rate 
Other 
Tax charge 

Tax on each component of other comprehensive income is as follows: 

Parity Group plc 
85 
253 
- 
(678) 
(83) 
33 
(23) 
20 
145 
(467) 

Before 
tax 
£’000 
1,620 

2021 

Tax 
£’000 
(567) 

After 
tax 
£’000 
1,053 

Before 
tax 
£’000 
1,041 

2020 

Tax 
£’000 
(198) 

After 
tax 
£’000 
843 

Remeasurement of defined benefit pension scheme 

10 

Earnings per ordinary share 

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the basic earnings for the year by the weighted average number of fully 
paid ordinary shares in issue during the year.   

Diluted earnings per share is calculated on the same basis as the basic earnings per share with a further adjustment to 
the weighted average number of fully paid ordinary shares to reflect the effect of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. 

Weighted 
average 
number of  
shares 
2021 
‘000 
102,854 
- 
102,854 

Loss 
2021 
£’000 
(636) 
- 
(636) 

Loss 
per share 
2021 
Pence 
(0.62) 
- 
(0.62) 

Weighted 
average 
number of  
shares 
2020 
‘000 
102,624 
- 
102,624 

Loss 
2020 
£’000 
(470) 
- 
(470) 

Loss 
per share 
2020 
Pence 
(0.46) 
- 
(0.46) 

Basic 
Effect of dilutive options 
Diluted 

As at 31 December 2021 the number of ordinary shares in issue was 103,075,633 (2020: 102,624,020). There were 
8,010,000 options that had a potential dilutive effect in 2021 (2020: Nil). 

11 

Goodwill 

The carrying amount of goodwill is allocated to the Group’s two separate continuing cash generating units (CGUs), being 
Parity Professionals Limited and Parity Consultancy Services Limited.  

Carrying amounts are as follows: 

Carrying value 
Balance at 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 

Balance at 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021 

Parity Professionals 
Limited 
£’000 

Parity 
Consultancy 
Services Limited  
£’000 

2,642 

2,642 

1,952 

1,952 

Total 
£’000 

4,594 

4,594 

Goodwill was tested for impairment in accordance with IAS 36 at the year end and no impairment charge was recognised. 
Impairment calculations include the effect of changes following the application of IFRS 16. 

The  recoverable  amounts  of  the  CGUs  are  based  on  value  in  use  calculations  using  the  pre-tax  cash  flows  based  on 
forecasts approved by management for 2022. Years from 2023 to 2027 are based on the forecast for 2022 projected 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
forward at expected growth rates, with no growth assumed beyond these years. This approach is considered prudent 
based on current expectations of the 2022 long-term growth rate. 

Major assumptions are as follows: 

2021 

   Discount rate 
   Forecast revenue growth 
   Operating margin 2022 
   Operating margin 2023 onward 

2020 
   Discount rate 
   Forecast revenue growth 
   Operating margin 2021 
   Operating margin 2022 onward 

Parity Professionals 
Limited 
% 

Parity Consultancy 
Services Limited  
% 

11.5 
5.0-11.5 
3.3 
4.8-5.8 

11.3 
12.2-13.3 
3.0 
3.7-3.8 

11.5 
11.3-14.9 
14.0 
14.7-15.3 

11.3 
10.0-15.9 
4.0 
4.1-12.1 

Discount rates are based on the Group’s weighted average cost of capital. 

Forecast revenue growth rates are based on past experience and future expectations of economic conditions. Growth for 
the CGUs is assumed to be higher than the long-term growth rate for the UK economy due to the following factors: 

• 

• 

There is focused investment in growing new clients and service lines, including areas that are seeing significant 
growth post the Covid-19 pandemic; 
The business recruited additional heads to focus on key areas of new business within recruitment including value 
added services and permanent recruitment; and 

•  Market indicators and recent engagements with clients support the increased demand for high skilled IT and 

data professionals and help underwrite the growth forecasts. 

A 10% change in any of the underlying assumptions used in the discounted cash flow forecasts would not lead to the 
carrying value of goodwill being materially in excess of their recoverable amounts. 

12 

Other intangible assets  

Consolidated 
Cost 
At 1 January 
Additions 
Disposals 
At 31 December 

Accumulated amortisation 
At 1 January 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
At 31 December 
Net book value 

       Software 
2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

Intellectual property 
2020 
£’000 

2021 
£’000 

Total 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

408 
- 
- 
408 

402 
3 
- 
405 
3 

408 
- 
- 
408 

376 
26 
- 
402 
6 

- 
81 
- 
81 

- 
- 
- 
- 
81 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

408 
81 
- 
489 

402 
3 
- 
405 
84 

408 
- 
- 
408 

376 
26 
- 
402 
6 

In 2021 the Group invested in the development of a data warehouse to support the ongoing business operations. The 
additions to Intellectual Property represent the costs associated with building the data warehouse and creating the data 
asset within the data warehouse. 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company does not hold any intangible assets.  

Parity Group plc 

As  at  31  December  2021,  neither  the  Group  nor  the  Company  had  any  capital  commitments  contracted  for  but  not 
provided for the purchase of intangible assets (2020: £nil). 

13 

Property, plant and equipment 

Consolidated 
Cost 
At 1 January 
Additions 
Disposals 
At 31 December 

Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
At 31 December 
Net book value 

       Leasehold 
improvements 
2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

Office equipment 

Total 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

204 
4 
- 
208 

181 
12 
- 
193 
15 

204 
- 
- 
204 

161 
20 
- 
181 
23 

204 
4 
- 
208 

181 
12 
- 
193 
15 

204 
- 
- 
204 

161 
20 
- 
181 
23 

The Company does not hold any property, plant and equipment.  

As at 31 December 2021, neither the Group nor the Company had any capital commitments contracted for but not 
provided for the purchase of property, plant and equipment (2020: £nil). 

14 

Leases 

The Group holds leases for its main office premises. Each lease is reflected on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset 
and a lease liability unless exempt. The statement of financial position includes the following amounts in relation to leases 
where the Group is a lessee: 

Right-of-use assets 
Buildings 
IT equipment 

Lease liabilities 
Current 
Non-current 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

149 
- 
149 

242 
29 
271 

247 
- 
247 

321 
87 
408 

Additions to right-of-use assets during the year were £345,000 (2020: £562,000). The total cash outflow for lease liabilities 
during the year was £490,000 (2020: £649,000). 
Amounts recognised in profit or loss in respect of the above leases are as follows: 

Depreciation charge on right-of-use assets 
- 
- 
Impairment charge on right-of-use-assets 

Buildings 
IT equipment 

73 

2021 
£’000 

414 
- 

2020 
£’000 

537 
3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings 

- 
Total depreciation and impairment charge on right-of-use assets 
Rent concession 
Interest expense included in finance costs 

Future minimum lease payments at 31 December 2021 were as follows: 

Less than one year 
Between one and two years 
Between two and three years 

Parity Group plc 
31 
445 
- 
8 

- 
540 
(21) 
19 

Minimum 
payments 
2021 
£'000 
246 
29 
- 
275 

Interest 
2021 
£'000 
(3) 
- 
- 
(3) 

Present 
value 
2021 
£'000 
243 
29 
- 
272 

At 31 December 2021, the Group was committed to £nil (2020: £nil) of future lease payments in respect of leases not yet 
commenced.  

All leases held during 2021 were accounted for under IFRS 16. 

15 

Deferred taxation 

At 1 January 
Recognised in other comprehensive income 
Remeasurement of defined benefit pension scheme 
Recognised in the income statement 
Adjustments in relation to prior periods 
Recognition of deferred tax asset for prior trading losses 
Change in corporation tax rate 
Capital allowances in excess of depreciation 
Other short-term timing differences 
At 31 December 

The deferred asset of £528,000 (2020: £627,000) comprises: 

Depreciation in excess of capital allowances 
Other short-term timing differences 
Retirement benefit (asset)/liability 

Consolidated 

2021 
£’000 
627 

2020 
£’000 
970 

(567) 

(198) 

(115) 
678 
- 
2 
(97) 
528 

Consolidated 

2021 
£’000 
520 
8 
- 
528 

(230) 
- 
83 
4 
(2) 
627 

2020 
£’000 
632 
34 
(39) 
627 

A deferred tax asset for unused tax losses carried forward is normally recognised on the same basis as for deductible 
temporary differences.  However, the existence of the unused tax losses is itself strong evidence that future taxable profit 
may not be available.  Therefore, when an entity has a history of recent losses, the entity recognises a deferred tax asset 
arising from unused tax losses only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be 
available  against  which  the  unused  tax  losses  can  be  utilised.  At  the  balance  sheet  date,  the  Directors  considered 
recognising  a  deferred  tax  asset  for  previously  unrecognised  unused  tax  losses  carried  forward  by  Parity  Consultancy 
Services Limited. The review concluded that as Parity Consultancy Services Limited has a deferred tax liability of £678,000 
(2020: £39,000) related to its defined benefit pension plan, a deferred tax asset for previously unrecognised unused tax 
losses of £678,000 would be recognised to offset the liability.  

74 

 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
The Directors believe that the deferred tax asset recognised is recoverable based on the future earning potential of the 
Group and the individual subsidiaries. The forecasts for Parity Professionals Limited comfortably support the unwinding 
of the deferred tax asset held by this company of £256,000 (2020: £335,000). Parity Consultancy Services Limited currently 
has a deferred tax asset of £272,000 (2020: £292,000) which can be offset against the deferred tax liability to be unwound 
on the same defined benefit scheme . 

The Group has unrecognised carried forward tax losses of £32,679,000 (2020: £29,392,000). The Group has unrecognised 
capital losses carried forward of £282,441,000 (2020: £282,441,000). These losses may be carried forward indefinitely. 

The  Company  has  unrecognised  carried  forward  tax  losses  of  £26,522,000  (2020:  £23,511,000).  The  Company  has 
unrecognised capital losses carried forward of £281,875,000 (2020: £281,875,000). These losses may be carried forward 
indefinitely. 

16 

Trade and other receivables 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
Trade receivables  
Accrued income 
Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 
Other receivables 
Prepayments 

Amounts falling due after one year: 
Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 
Other receivables 

Total 

         Consolidated 

          Company 

2021 
£’000 

2,116 
2,435 
- 
75 
142 
4,768 

- 
29 
29 
4,797 

2020 
£’000 

2,197 
3,591 
- 
110 
164 
6,062 

- 
87 
87 
6,149 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
925 
- 
- 
925 

94,850 
- 
94,850 
94,850 

134,662 
- 
134,662 
135,587 

The fair values of trade and other receivables are not considered to differ from the values set out above.   

£2,116,000 (2020: £2,197,000) of the Group’s trade receivables and £2,435,000 (2020: £3,591,000) of the total of the 
Group’s  accrued  income  and  amounts  recoverable  on  contracts,  are  pledged  as  collateral  for  the  asset-based 
borrowings. These borrowings fluctuate daily and at 31 December 2021 totalled £2,279,000 (2020: £2,941,000).  

The movement in accrued revenue on contracts during the period is shown below:  

At 1 January 
Billed and cash received during the year 
Amounts accrued at year end 
At 31 December 

Contract Assets 
2021 
£’000 
3,591 
(3,591) 
2,435 
2,435 

2020 
£’000 
3,882 
(3,882) 
3,591 
3,591 

The Group records impairment losses on its trade receivables separately from gross receivables.  Factors considered in 
making provisions for receivables include the ability of the customer to settle the debt, the age of the debt and any 
other circumstance particular to the transaction that may impact recoverability.  

The balance of impaired losses for the Group at 31 December 2021 was £nil (2020: £9,000). All debts at 31 December 
2021 are considered to be recoverable. 

The Company holds interest-bearing loan agreements with some of its subsidiary undertakings. Interest on all loans is 
charged  at  2.0%  above  the  prevailing  Bank  of  England  base  rate.  The  Company’s  receivables  due  from  subsidiary 
undertakings  were  reviewed  for  impairment  at  the  balance  sheet  date  based  on  the  performance  of  2021  and  on 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
subsequent years’ forecast projections. A discounted future cash flow method was employed for the review.  As a result 
of this review, no provision was deemed necessary. The assessment was performed on a value in use basis using a discount 
rate of 9.3% (2020: 11.3%) and the other parameters used in the goodwill impairment review, as outlined in note 11. 

As at 31 December 2021 trade receivables of £523,000 (2020: £374,000) were past due but not impaired.  These relate 
to customers where there is no evidence of unwillingness or of an inability to settle the debt. The ageing of Group trade 
receivables is as follows: 

Not past due 
31-60 days and past due 
61-90 days 
>90 days 
Total 

2021 
Impaired 
£’000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Gross 
£’000 
1,593 
310 
131 
82 
2,116 

Total 
£’000 
1,593 
310 
131 
82 
2,116 

2020 
Impaired 
£’000 
- 
- 
- 
(9) 
(9) 

Gross 
£’000 
1,823 
323 
36 
24 
2,206 

Total 
£’000 
1,823 
323 
36 
15 
2,197 

The Company had no provisions for trade receivables, as it has no trade receivables. Other receivables in the Group and 
the Company were not past due and not impaired. 

17 

Loans & borrowings  

Current 
Bank and other borrowings due within one year or on demand: 
Asset-based financing facility 

Changes in liabilities from financing activities 

Balance at 1 January 2021 
Repayment of borrowings 
Balance at 31 December 2021 

Further details of the Group’s banking facilities are given in note 20. 

18 

Trade and other payables 

Consolidated 
2021 

2020 
restated 
£’000 

27 
3,168 
- 
912 
750 
4,857 

- 
4,857 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
Payments in advance 
Trade payables 
Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings 
Other tax and social security payables 
Other payables and accruals 

Amounts falling due after one year: 
Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings 
Total 

£’000 

11 
2,494 
- 
367 
736 
3,608 

- 
3,608 

76 

Consolidated 
2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

2,279 

2,941 

Loans and borrowings 
£000 
2,941 
(662) 
2,279 

Company 

2021 

£’000 

- 
- 
15,786 
77 
185 
16,048 

2020 
restated 
£’000 

- 
- 
13,764 
63 
117 
13,944 

91,043 
107,091 

134,476 
148,420 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
The  fair  value  of  trade  and  other  payables  has  not  been  separately  disclosed  as,  due  to  their  short  duration,  the 
Directors  consider  the  carrying  amounts  recognised  in  the  statement  of  financial  position  to  be  a  reasonable 
approximation of their fair value.  

19 

Provisions  

Consolidated 
At 1 January 2021 
Used in year 
Reversed in year 
Created in year 
At 31 December 2021 

Due within one year 
Due after one year 
Total 

Leasehold 
dilapidations 
£’000 
42 
- 
- 
- 
42 

Restructuring 
£’000 
139 
(45) 
(94) 
- 
- 

- 
42 
42 

- 
- 
- 

Total  
£’000 
181 
(45) 
(94) 
- 
42 

- 
42 
42 

The Company had no provisions at 31 December 2021 (2020: £nil). 

  Leasehold dilapidations 
Leasehold dilapidations relate to the estimated cost of returning leasehold properties to their original state at the end 
of the lease in accordance with the lease terms. Dilapidation charges that will crystallise at the end of the period of 
occupancy are provided for in full on all properties. Based on current lease expiry dates it is estimated these provisions 
will be settled over a period of one to three years. The main uncertainty relates to the estimation of the costs that will 
be incurred at the end of the lease. 

20 

Financial instruments – risk management 

The Group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the Group’s objectives, 
policies  and  processes  for  managing  those  risks  and  the  methods  used  to  measure  them.  Further  quantitative 
information in respect of these risks is presented throughout these financial statements. 

There have been no substantive changes in the Group’s exposure to financial instrument risks and the methods used to 
measure them from previous periods unless otherwise stated in this note. 

Principal financial instruments  
The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises, are trade receivables, 
cash and cash equivalents, trade and other payables and bank borrowings. 

A summary by category of the financial instruments held by the Group is provided below: 

Consolidated 
As 31 December 2021 
Financial assets 
Non-current trade and other receivables                                                  
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other short-term receivables 

Financial liabilities 
Asset-based financing facility 
Lease liabilities 
Trade and other short-term payables 

77 

Amortised 
 cost 
£’000 

29 
1,121 
4,626 
5,776 

2,279 
272 
3,597 
6,148 

Total 
£’000 

29 
1,121 
4,626 
5,776 

2,279 
272 
3,597 
6,148 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

As 31 December 2020 (Restated) 
Financial assets 
Non-current trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other short-term receivables 

Financial liabilities 
Asset-based financing facility 
Lease liabilities 
Trade and other short-term payables 

87 
3,172 
5,898 
9,157 

2,941 
408 
4,830 
8,179 

A summary by category of the financial instruments held by the Company is provided below: 

Company 
As 31 December 2021 
Financial assets 
Non-current trade and other receivables                                                   
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other short-term receivables 

Financial liabilities 
Non-current trade and other payables 
Trade and other short-term payables 

As 31 December 2020 
Financial assets 
Non-current trade and other receivables                                                   
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other short-term receivables 

Financial liabilities 
Non-current trade and other payables 
Trade and other short-term payables 

Amortised 
cost 
£’000 

94,850 
405 
- 
95,255 

91,043 
16,048 
107,091 

134,662 
301 
925 
135,888 

134,476 
13,944 
148,420 

87 
3,172 
5,898 
9,157 

2,941 
408 
4,830 
8,179 

Total 
£’000 

94,850 
405 
- 
95,255 

91,043 
16,048 
107,091 

134,662 
301 
925 
135,888 

134,476 
13,944 
148,420 

Non-current amounts due to subsidiary undertakings have no specific repayment terms but are subject to notice periods 
of at least one year. 

Fair values of financial instruments 
The fair values of all of the Group’s and the Company’s financial instruments are the same as their carrying values.  

General objectives, policies and processes – risk management 
The Group is exposed through its operations to the following financial instrument risks: credit risk; liquidity risk; interest 
rate risk; and foreign currency risk. 

The  policy  for  managing  these  risks  is  set  by  the  Board  following  recommendations  from  the  Chief  Financial  Officer. 
Certain risks are managed centrally, while others are managed locally following guidelines communicated from the centre. 
The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without unduly affecting the 
Group’s competitiveness and flexibility. The policy for each of the above risks is described in more detail below. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

Credit risk 
Credit risk arises from the Group’s trade and other receivables. It is the risk that the counterparty fails to discharge 
their obligation in respect of the instrument. 

The Group is mainly exposed to credit risk from credit sales. It is Group policy to assess the credit risk of new customers 
before entering contracts. Such credit ratings are then factored into the credit assessment process to determine the 
appropriate credit limit for each customer. The Group does not collect collateral to mitigate credit risk.  

The Group operates primarily in the UK with 94% of generated revenues from the UK (2020: 96%). Approximately 69% 
(2020: 75%) of the Group’s turnover is derived from the public sector. The largest customer balance represents 27% 
(2020: 20%) of the trade receivables balance. 

Quantitative disclosures of the credit risk exposure in relation to financial assets are set out below. Further disclosures 
regarding trade and other receivables, which are neither past due nor impaired, are provided in note 16. 
               2020 

              2021 

Carrying  
value 
£’000 

1,121 
4,655 
5,776 

Maximum 
exposure 
£’000 

1,121 
4,655 
5,776 

Carrying  
value 
£’000 

Maximum 
exposure 
£’000 

3,172 
5,985 
9,157 

3,172 
5,985 
9,157 

Financial assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of 
changes in interest rates. 

It is Group policy that all external Group borrowings are drawn down on the asset-based financing facilities arranged 
with our bankers which bear a floating rate of interest based on the Leumi base rate. Borrowings against the asset-
based financing facilities are typically drawn or repaid on a daily basis in order to minimise borrowings and interest 
costs and transaction charges. Although the Board accepts that this policy neither protects the Group entirely from the 
risk  of  paying  rates  in  excess  of  current  market  rates,  nor  eliminates  the  cash  flow  risk  associated  with  interest 
payments, it considers that it achieves an appropriate balance of these risks.   

Throughout  2021  the  Group’s  variable  rate  borrowings  were  denominated  in  Sterling  and  Euro.  Interest  costs  on 
borrowings from the asset-based financing facility with PNC (January – May) and Leumi ABL (May – December) was 
charged at 2.00% above base rate for all of 2021 (2020: 2.00%). The Leumi facility has a 3 year term of commitment, 
although  amounts  are  repayable  upon  demand  under  certain  circumstances  such  as  default.  If  interest  rates  on 
borrowings had been 1% higher/lower throughout the year with all other variables held constant, the loss after tax for 
the year would have been approximately £25,000 higher/lower (2020: £17,000) and net assets £25,000 lower/higher 
(2020: £17,000). The Directors consider a 1% change in base rates is the maximum likely change over the next year, 
being the period to the next point at which these disclosures are expected to be made. 

The Company holds interest-bearing loan agreements with some of its subsidiary undertakings. Interest on all loans is 
charged at 2.0% above the prevailing Bank of England base rate, except for one loan with Parity International B.V. 
which is charged at 2.0% above the prevailing European Central Bank base rate. As at 31 December 2021, the loan 
balance due by the Company to Parity International BV, translated into Sterling, was £28,066,000 (2020: £29,469,000). 

Foreign exchange risk 
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because 
of changes in foreign exchange rates. 

The  Group  no  longer  has  any  active  overseas  operations  but  does  retain  certain  overseas  subsidiaries  that  are  not 
trading. The Group’s net assets arising from overseas operations are exposed to currency risk resulting in gains or losses 
on retranslation into sterling. The asset exposure is mainly in respect of intercompany balances. 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 

The Group does not hedge its net investment in overseas operations as it does not consider that the potential financial 
impact of such hedging techniques warrants the reduction in volatility in consolidated net assets. 

The business has limited transactions in foreign currency. The hedging of individual contracts is considered on a case 
by case basis. Owing to the small value and volume of such contracts no hedging transactions were entered in 2021 or 
2020. 

During  2014,  the  underlying  denomination  of  a  large  intercompany  balance  between  the  Company  and  one  of  the 
Group’s inactive overseas subsidiaries was revised, whereby the denomination of the loan was revised from Sterling to 
Euros and thus subject to exchange rate fluctuations in the books of the Company. In 2021 the Company recorded a 
translation  gain  of  £1,965,000  (2020:  loss  of  £1,681,000).  As  at  31  December  2021,  the  loan  balance  due  by  the 
Company, translated into Sterling, was £28,066,000 (2020: £29,469,000). 

The currency profile of the Group’s net financial assets was as follows: 

Net foreign currency financial assets 
Sterling 
Euro 
US Dollar 
Total net exposure 

Functional currency of individual entity 
Euro 

Total 

Sterling 

2021 
£’000 
- 
(27,279) 
4 
(27,275) 

2020 
£’000 
- 
(29,021) 
4 
(29,017) 

2021 
£’000 
(2,462) 
- 
- 
(2,462) 

2020 
£’000 
(2,411) 
- 
- 
(2,411) 

2021 
£’000 
(2,462) 
(27,279) 
4 
(29,737) 

2020 
£’000 
(2,411) 
(29,021) 
4 
(31,428) 

The currency profile of the Company’s net financial assets was as follows: 

Net foreign currency financial assets 
Euro 
US Dollar 
Total net exposure 

Sterling 

2021 
£’000 
(27,680) 
4 
(27,676) 

2020 
£’000 
(29,292) 
4 
(29,288) 

Sensitivity analysis – Group and Company 
If the exchange rate between Sterling and the Euro had been 10% higher/lower at the balance sheet date, with all other 
variables held constant, the effect on equity for the year would have been approximately £2,728,000 higher/lower (2020: 
£2,902,000). A 10% fluctuation in any other currency exchange rate would not have a significant impact on profit and loss, 
nor equity. 

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk arises from the Group’s management of working capital and the finance charges on its borrowings under its 
asset-based  financing  arrangements.  It  is  the  risk  that  the  Group  will  encounter  difficulty  in  meeting  its  financial 
obligations as they fall due. 

The liquidity of each Group entity is managed centrally, with daily transfers to operating entities to maintain a pre-
determined  cash  balance.  Normal  supplier  terms  range  from  2  weeks  to  30  days.  The  level  of  the  Group  facility  is 
approved periodically by the Board and negotiated with the Group’s current bankers. At the reporting date, cash flow 
projections  were  considered  by  the  Board  and  the  Group  is  forecast  to  have  sufficient  funds  and  available  funding 
facilities to meet its obligations as they fall due. 

The following table sets out the contractual maturities (representing undiscounted contractual cash flows) of financial 
liabilities: 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated 

At 31 December 2021 

Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Borrowings 
Total 

At 31 December 2020 (Restated) 

Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Borrowings 
Total 

Company 

At 31 December 2021 

Trade and other payables 
Total 

At 31 December 2020 

Trade and other payables 
Total 

Up to  
1 month 
£’000 
3,597 
243 
2,279 
6,119 

Up to  
1 month 
£’000 
4,830 
321 
2,941 
8,092 

Between 1 
month and 
1 year 
£’000 
- 
29 
- 
29 

Between 1 
month and 
1 year 
£’000 
- 
57 
- 
57 

Up to  
1 month 
£’000 
16,048 
16,048 

Up to  
1 month 
£’000 
13,944 
13,944 

Between 1 
month and 
1 year 
£’000 
- 
- 

Between 1 
month and 
1 year 
£’000 
- 
- 

Parity Group plc 

Over 
 1 year 
£’000 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Over 
 1 year 
£’000 
- 
30 
- 
30 

Over  
1 year  
£’000 
91,043 
91,043 

Over  
1 year  
£’000 
134,476 
134,476 

Total 
£’000 
3,597 
272 
2,279 
6,148 

Total 
£’000 
4,830 
408 
2,941 
8,179 

Total 
£’000 
107,091 
107,091 

Total 
£’000 
148,420 
148,420 

More detail on trade and other payables is given in note 18. 

Capital disclosures 
The capital structure of the Group consists of cash and cash equivalents, equity attributable to equity holders, and asset-
based financing. There is no other long-term external debt, except for lease liabilities which are explained more fully in 
note 14. 

During 2021 The Group uses two asset-based financing facilities. The first facility was with PNC Business Credit, a member 
of  The  PNC  Financial  Services  Group,  Inc.  and  this  agreement  ran  from  January  until  May.  In  May  a  new  asset-based 
finance facility was agreed with LEUMI UK which is still being utilised. Both facilities enable the Group to borrow against 
both trade debt and accrued income and the current Leumi facility provides for borrowing of up to £9.0m depending on 
the availability of appropriate assets as security. 

The Group’s and Company’s objectives when maintaining capital are: 
• 

to  safeguard  the  entity's  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  so  that  it  can  continue  to  provide  returns  for 
shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders; and 
to provide an adequate return to shareholders by pricing products and services commensurately with the level of 
risk. 

• 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Group’s net debt position is as follows: 

Consolidated 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Asset-based borrowings 
Net cash before lease liabilities 
Lease liabilities 
Net (debt)/cash 

Parity Group plc 

2021 
£’000 
1,121 
(2,279) 
(1,158) 
(272) 
(1,430) 

2020 
£’000 
3,172 
(2,941) 
231 
(408) 
(177) 

The Board regularly reviews the adequacy of resources available and considers the options available to increase them. 
The  asset-based  borrowing  facility  contains  certain  externally  imposed  financial  covenants  which  have  been  met 
throughout the period. 

The Company does not currently have distributable reserves available for dividend payments. A capital reconstruction 
will be necessary to create reserves available for distribution. The Board will keep possible capital reconstruction options 
under review.  

21 

Reserves 

The Board is not proposing a dividend for the year (2020: nil pence per share).   

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within shareholders' equity: 

Share capital 
Share capital consists of ordinary share capital and previously consisted of deferred share capital.  

Ordinary share capital 
Share capital is the amount subscribed for ordinary shares at nominal value. During 2021, 451,613 ordinary shares were 
issued. No share options were exercised during the year (2020: none).   

Share premium reserve 
Share premium is the amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value. During 2021 451,613 ordinary shares 
were issued at a premium of 5.75p per share (2020: none). 

Capital redemption reserve 
A capital redemption reserve of £14,319,000 was created during 2017 when the Directors resolved to cancel the deferred 
shares of Parity Group plc. 

Other reserves 
Other reserves of the Group relate principally to a reserve created following a change of the Group’s ultimate parent and 
a corresponding Scheme of Arrangement in July 1999, and a reserve created following the reorganisation of the Group’s 
capital structure in 2002 that resulted in the Company increasing its investment in subsidiary undertakings. 

Retained earnings 
Retained earnings represent the cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the income statement.  

22 

Pension commitments  

The Group operates a small number of pension schemes. With the exception of the Parity Group Retirement Benefits 
Plan,  all  of  the  schemes  are  defined  contribution  plans  and  the  assets  are  held  in  separately  administered  funds. 
Contributions to defined contribution schemes from during the year were £86,000 (2020: £102,000).   

Defined benefit plan  
In  March  1995,  the  Group  established  the  Parity  Retirement  Benefits  Plan,  renamed  as  the  Parity  Group  Retirement 
Benefits Plan (“the Plan”), following a Scheme of Arrangement in 1999, in order to facilitate the continuance of pension 
entitlements for staff transferring from other schemes following acquisitions in 1994. The Plan is governed by the Trustees 
of the plan and is administered by Cartwright Group Limited in accordance with the Trust Deed and Rules, solely for the 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
benefit  of  its  members  and  other  beneficiaries.  The  Trustees  comprise  an  independent  Chairman,  one  member 
representative  and  one  employer  representative.  It  is  a  funded  defined  benefit  scheme  and  has  been  closed  to  new 
members since 1995. With effect from 1 January 2005 this scheme was also closed to future service accrual and future 
contributions paid into money purchase arrangements. 

The weighted average liability duration is approximately 13 years (2020: 14 years) and can be attributed to the scheme 
members as follows: 

Pensioner members 
Deferred members 
Total 

Number of 
members 
61 
6 
67 

Weighted 
average liability 
duration (years) 
13 
18 
13 

There were no retirements during the year (2020: one). There was a reduction by 2 total members during the year (2020: 
no change). 

The  Plan  is  funded  by  the  Group  based  on  the  triennial  actuarial  valuation  of  the  scheme’s  technical  provisions.  The 
actuarial  valuation  is  subject  to  more  prudent  assumptions  than  the  accounting  valuation  under  IAS  19.  The triennial 
actuarial valuation due at April 2018 was finalised during 2019 and resulted in an increase in monthly contributions from 
£17,260  per  month  to  £24,300  per  month.  Funding  requirements  are  formally  set  out  in  the  Statement  of  Funding 
Principles, Schedule of Contributions and Recovery Plan agreed between the Trustees and the Group. 

The valuation for IAS 19 has been provided by Cartwright Group Limited, a company that specialises in providing actuarial 
services, as at 31 December 2021.  

Principal actuarial assumptions 

Rate of increase of pensions in payment 
Discount rate 
Retail price inflation 
Consumer price inflation 

2021 
3.8-4.0% 
1.9% 
3.6% 
2.6% 

2020 
3.6-3.9% 
1.3% 
3.2% 
2.2% 

In accordance with the revised IAS 19, the assumption for future investment returns is the same discount rate of 2.0% 
(2020: 2.0%) used in calculating the pension liabilities.  

The underlying mortality assumption used is in accordance with the standard table known as S1PA_H, S1PA or S1PA_L 
mortality, dependent on the size of each member’s pension, using the CMI_2020 projection based on year of birth with 
a  long-term  rate  of  improvement  of  1.25%  p.a.  (2020:  CMI_2019  and  1.25%  p.a.).  This  results  in  the  following  life 
expectancies: 
•  Male aged 65 at 31 December 2021 has a life expectancy of 86 years (2020: 86 years) 
• 

Female aged 65 at 31 December 2021 has a life expectancy of 89 years (2020: 89 years) 

Guaranteed Minimum Payment (“GMP”) equalisation 
During 2018 the High Court of Justice in England made judgement in a case relating to GMP equalisation. The court held 
that pensions earned between 1990 and 1997 must be equalised between men and women for the effect of GMPs. Most 
sections of the Group’s scheme were unaffected since they were opted in to the Second State Pension, with just one 
section opted out. The actuary estimates that the impact to the scheme will be to increase liabilities by between £10,000 
and £30,000. Accordingly, an adjustment is recorded in these accounts to increase the scheme deficit by £20,000 (2020: 
£20,000), first recognised as a past service cost recognised in the income statement for the year ended 31 December 
2018.     

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation to consolidated statement of financial position 

Parity Group plc 

Fair value of plan assets 
Present value of funded obligations 
At the end of the year 

Reconciliation of plan assets 

At the beginning of the year 
Expected return   
Contribution by Group 
Benefits paid 
Expenses met by scheme   
Actuarial (loss)/ gain 
Plan assets at the end of the year 

2021 
£’000 
24,478 
(22,539) 
1,939 

2021 
£’000 
25,143 
320 
322 
(964) 
(213) 
(130) 
24,478 

2020 
£’000 
25,143 
(24,935) 
208 

2020 
£’000 
22,670 
442 
325 
(990) 
(247) 
2,943 
25,143 

Contributions to the scheme included £nil of additional payments (2020: £nil). The actuarial loss on plan assets relates to 
the fall in value of the scheme’s investments reflecting uncertainty in global equity markets experienced in 2021.  

Composition of plan assets 

Diversified growth funds – Quoted 
Liability driven investment funds – Quoted  
Options in Parity Group plc 
Cash 
Total plan assets 

Reconciliation of plan liabilities 

At the beginning of the year 
Interest cost 
Benefits paid 
Actuarial (gain)/loss 
Plan liabilities at the end of the year 

Amounts recognised in the consolidated income statement 

Included in finance costs 
Expected return on plan assets, net of expenses 
Unwinding of discount on plan liabilities (interest cost) 
Net finance costs in respect of post-retirement benefits 

Amounts recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income 

Actuarial (loss)/gain on plan assets 
Actuarial gain/(loss) on plan liabilities 
Remeasurement of defined benefit pension scheme 

84 

2021 
£’000 
24,308 
- 
96 
74 
24,478 

2021 
£’000 
24,935 
318 
(964) 
(1,750) 
22,539 

2021 
£’000 

107 
(318) 
(211) 

2021 
£’000 
(130) 
1,750 
1,620 

2020 
£’000 
20,139 
4,827 
96 
81 
25,143 

2020 
£’000 
23,562 
461 
(990) 
1,902 
24,935 

2020 
£’000 

195 
(461) 
(266) 

2020 
£’000 
2,943 
(1,902) 
1,041 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parity Group plc 
The asset recognised under this scheme is not limited under IFRIC 14 as the Group has an unconditional right to realise 
the economic benefit of these assets during the life of the plan or when the plan is settled.  

Defined benefit obligation trends 

Plan assets 
Plan liabilities 
Surplus/(deficit) 
Experience adjustments on assets 

Experience adjustments on liabilities 

Sensitivity analysis 

Effect of change in assumptions 
No change 
0.25% rise in discount rate 
0.25% fall in discount rate 
0.25% rise in inflation 
0.25% fall in inflation 

23 

Share capital 

Authorised share capital 

Authorised at 1 January and 31 December 

Issued share capital 

Issued and fully paid at 1 January  
Shares issued during the year 
Issued and fully paid at 31 December 

24 

Contingencies 

2021 
£’000 
24,478 
(22,539) 
1,939 
(130) 
(0.5%) 
1,750 
7.2% 

2020 
£’000 
25,143 
(24,935) 
208 
2,943 
13.3% 
(1,902) 
(8.3%) 

2019 
£’000 
22,670 
(23,562) 
(892) 
2,761 
13.9% 
(1,830) 
(8.4%) 

2018 
£’000 
20,099 
(22,041) 
(1,942) 
(1,586) 
(7.3%) 
581 
2.6% 

2017 
£’000 
21,880 
(22,939) 
(1,059) 
609 
2.9% 
(191) 
(0.8%) 

Liabilities 
£’000 
22,539 
21,805 
23,273 
22,639 
22,439 

Assets 
£’000 
24,478 
24,478 
24,478 
24,478 
24,478 

Surplus/(deficit) 
£’000 
1,863 
2,597 
1,129 
1,763 
1,963 

Increase/ 
(decrease) in 
surplus 
£’000 
- 
734 
(734) 
(100) 
100 

Ordinary shares 2p each 
2021 
£’000 
8,181 

2021 
Number 
409,044,603 

Ordinary shares 2p each 
2021 
£’000 
2,053 
9 
2,062 

2021 
Number 
102,624,020 
451,613 
103,075,633 

In the normal course of business, the Group is exposed to the risk of claims in respect of contracts where the customer 
or supplier is dissatisfied with the performance, pricing and/or completion of the contracted service or product. Such 
claims are normally resolved by a combination of negotiation, further work by Parity or the supplier, and/or monetary 
settlement  without  formal  legal  process  being  necessary.  Occasionally,  such  claims  progress  into  legal  action.  At  the 
present  time,  Group  management  believes  the  resolution  of  any  known  claims  or  legal  proceedings  will  not  have  a 
material further impact on the financial position of the Group. 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25 

Key management remuneration 

Parity Group plc 

Key  management  comprises  the  Group’s  Board  of  Directors,  along  with  Group’s  executive  committee  of  senior 
management.  The  total  remuneration  received  by  key  management  for  2021  was  £1,118,000  (2020:  £1,209,000). 
Remuneration comprises emoluments received, pension contributions, share-based payment charges and compensation 
for loss of office. Remuneration of the Board of Directors, including that of the highest paid Director Matthew Bayfield, is 
disclosed in detail within the remuneration report on page 30. 

Short-term employee benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Compensation for loss of office 
Share-based payments (note 8) 

26 

Related party transactions 

2021 
£’000 
843 
32 
308 
(65) 
1,118 

2020 
£’000 
955 
29 
145 
80 
1,209 

Consolidated 
During the year the Group engaged the marketing services of CRM Squad. The Executive Chairman Mark Braund is an 
owner and Director of CRM Squad.  The total value of services received from CRM squad in 2021 is £12,180. (2020: none). 

Company 
Details of the Company’s holdings in Group undertakings are given in note 27. The Company entered into transactions 
with Group undertakings as shown in the table below: 

Operating 
expenses 
2021 
£’000 

Finance 
income 
2021 
£’000 

Finance 
expense 
2021 
£’000 

Operating 
expenses 
2020 
£’000 

Finance 
income 
2020 
£’000 

Finance 
expense 
2020 
£’000 

(208) 

- 

(1,350) 

(327) 

- 

(1,348) 

- 

1,181 

- 

- 

1,195 

- 

Expenses incurred from Group 
subsidiaries 
Income generated from Group 
subsidiaries 

The Company had the following amounts payable to and recoverable from Group undertakings: 

Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings (note 16): 
Falling due within one year 
Falling due after one year 

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings (note 18): 
Falling due within one year 
Falling due after one year 

2021 
£’000 

- 
94,850 

2020 
£’000 

925 
134,662 

(15,786) 
(91,043) 

(13,764) 
(134,476) 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27 

Subsidiaries  

Parity Group plc 

The principal subsidiaries of Parity Group plc, which have been included in these consolidated financial statements, are 
Parity Professionals Limited and Parity Consultancy Services Limited. Parity Professionals Limited and Parity Consultancy 
Services Limited are wholly owned by Parity Holdings Limited and incorporated in the United Kingdom. Parity Holdings 
Limited is a direct subsidiary of Parity Group plc and is incorporated in the United Kingdom. 

Parity Professionals Limited is a specialist IT and data recruitment services company. Parity Consultancy Services Limited 
provides IT and data services including consultancy and value added recruitment services. 

During 2021, management continued to simplify the group structure. All UK dormant companies have been wound up 
and will be struck off in due time.  

The Company’s investment in continuing subsidiaries was reviewed for impairment at the balance sheet date based on 
the  performance  of  2021  and  on  subsequent  years’  forecast  projections.  A  discounted  future  cash  flow  method  was 
employed  for  the  review.  As  a  result  of  this  review,  no  provision  was  deemed  necessary,  leaving  a  carrying  value  of 
£20,527,000 (2020: £20,527,000). The assessment was performed on a value in use basis using discount rates of 11.5% 
(2020: 11.3%) and the other parameters used in the goodwill impairment review, as outlined in note 11. 

The remaining Group subsidiaries are listed below. These are either discontinued or dormant, are wholly owned by the 
Group ultimate parent Parity Group plc. 

Parity Eurosoft Limited 
Parity International BV (registered at Keizersgracht 62-64, 1015 CS Amsterdam, Netherlands) 
Parity Limited 
Parity Resources Limited 
Parity Solutions (Dublin 1999) Limited (registered at 13-18 City Quay, Dublin 2 D02 ED70, Ireland) 
Parity Solutions (Ireland) Limited (registered at Northern Ireland Science Park, Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT) 
Personnel Solutions Inc. (registered at 39 Broadway, New York, NY10006, USA) 
Teltech International Corp. (registered at 39 Broadway, New York, NY10006, USA) 

28 

Prior period adjustment 

During the year, the Group discovered that contractor expenses has been erroneously understated in 2017 and 2018 by 
a cumulative amount of £247,000. As a consequence, operating costs for the Group were understated in those years 
and closing accruals have been understated since 2017. The understatement represents a prior period error under IAS 8 
and is accounted for by correcting retrospectively in these financial statements. As the error occurred before the 
earliest period presented in these financial statements, the Group has restated the opening balances of assets, liabilities 
and equity for the earliest period presented. The adjustment was posted to contractor accruals within current liabilities 
on the statement of financial position.  

Reconciliation of changes is Equity 

Equity as previously reported 

Adjustment to prior year   
Restatement of contractor expense accruals  
Equity as adjusted 

Analysis of the effect upon equity 

Retained earnings 

87 

1 January   
2019 
£’000 
(77,612) 

(247) 
(77,859) 

1 January 2020 
£’000 

(77,753) 

(247) 
(78,000) 

      (247)    

(247) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Perivan  263437