More annual reports from PC Connection Inc.:
2023 ReportPeers and competitors of PC Connection Inc.:
Lands' EndTABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page ITEM 1. Business ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 ITEM 1A. Risk Factors ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 ITEM 2. Properties …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 PART II ITEM 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ……………………… 21 ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk ……………………………………………………………………………… 34 ITEM 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data …………………………………………………………………………… 34 ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ……………………… 34 ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34 ITEM 9B. Other Information …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 PART III ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance …………………………………………………………………………………… 38 ITEM 11. Executive Compensation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38 ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38 ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence ………………………………………………… 38 ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38 ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39 SIGNATURES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 PART IV I N A D I G I T A L W O R L D 2 0 1 6 A N N U A L R E P O R T TRANSFORMING Dear Shareholders, The information technology world continues to be transformed by diverse and powerful influences. In 2016, mergers and acquisitions in the information technology (IT) industry made headlines, the expansion of vertical markets led to increased demand for specialized IT solutions, and industry innovators continued to find exciting and meaningful ways to integrate technology into our everyday lives. Looking back on PC Connection’s growth, the creation of our new “Connection®” brand, and our integration of two strategic acquisitions, it is clear that 2016 was a time of change—a year of transformation into a stronger business. These changes, combined with Connection’s passion for exceeding customer expectations, kept us busy throughout the year. Connection generated annual sales of $2.7 billion in 2016, an increase of 4.6% year over year. Gross profit increased by 8.8% due to higher net sales, an increase in gross margin, and strong performance across mobility, security, software, and our vertical markets. We continued to grow our earnings per share, with EPS increasing steadily over the past five years from $1.24 in 2012 to $1.80 in 2016. This performance allowed Connection to declare a special dividend for the sixth consecutive year, returning $9 million to shareholders in the form of a $0.34 per share special cash dividend paid in January 2017. The Company generated positive operating cash flow of approximately $33 million in 2016. We invested $43 million of our reserves in the strategic acquisitions of Softmart and GlobalServe, paid a dividend to our shareholders, and ended the year with no debt and a healthy cash balance of $49 million. Our acquisition of Softmart, Inc., an IT provider headquartered in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, was finalized in Q2 2016. By integrating this strategic addition into our organization, we enhanced our software licensing capabilities, expanded our cloud services, and strengthened our position with Microsoft as a Tier 1 Cloud Solution Provider. We also grew our solutions and services offerings with the acquisition of GlobalServe in Q4 2016. Operating as a standalone global IT procurement and service management company, GlobalServe represents a significant step forward in our ability to service customers on a global scale. The company’s patented procurement engine, OneSource, offers a centralized purchasing portal, one-click reporting, and visibility into IT assets worldwide. By leveraging OneSource and GlobalServe’s network of more than 500 suppliers and 25,000 certified IT professionals in 174 different countries, Connection is able to offer multinational customers greater consistency, scalability, and efficiency in their global procurement. rebranded as Connection in Q3 2016. Emphasizing elements of our trademark symbol, the “blue arc,” this new brand represents our organization’s strength, and the unity of our workforce. PC Connection Sales Corporation, GovConnection, and MoreDirect have been rebranded as Connection Business Solutions, Connection Public Sector Solutions, and Connection Enterprise Solutions, respectively. We are now united under a single banner, sharing a clear, concise, and powerful brand while retaining the unique ability to serve each of our specific customer segments with targeted expertise. Connection Business Solutions, our SMB-focused subsidiary, achieved net sales of $1.09 billion in 2016, growing average order size and improving gross profit year over year, while sales figures were up 5%. Connection Enterprise Solutions reported revenues of $1.01 billion, up 5% year over year. Connection Public Sector Solutions generated net sales of $589 million, up 3% from 2015. Our strong performance in 2016 was recognized with numerous awards from our industry partners. Connection was named Symantec Growth Partner of the Year and received the Americas VMware Partner Innovation Award, Kaspersky Lab Large Account Reseller (LAR) of the Year Award, Microsoft Operations Excellence Award, and Premier Inc. Continuum of Care Award. In addition, Connection Enterprise Solutions was named Dell EMC 2016 Healthcare Partner of the Year. We were also named to the Fortune 1000, CRN Solution Provider 500, Internet Retailer Top 500, and CRN Tech Elite 250. From now and into the future, Connection will exemplify the spirit of our rebranding by working as one team, focused on one mission. We will continue to integrate our recent acquisitions, deepening our software expertise and leveraging the powerful OneSource platform to extend our reach and realize new synergies internally. We are taking steps to better align our sales and specialist support teams with training and shared, metrics-driven goals. Our pursuit of vertical markets remains a key priority, and to mirror the success of our healthcare business, we have created additional teams to focus on retail, finance, and manufacturing verticals. As we guide customers on their journey of digital transformation, we believe our expertise in delivering advanced technology solutions—and our dedication to teamwork and exceptional customer service—will position Connection as a premier National Solutions Provider. Connection will continue to pursue strategies aimed at accelerating our competitive advantage and increasing long-term shareholder value. In order to consolidate our growing brand and more accurately reflect our Company’s mission—to connect people with solutions and technology that enhances growth, elevates productivity, and empowers innovation—all PC Connection, Inc. sales companies We are grateful for the support of our customers, industry partners, co-workers, and you—our shareholders. Together, we are transforming technology into solutions that build a more connected world. Patricia Gallup Chair and Chief Administrative Officer Timothy McGrath President and Chief Executive Officer UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ___________ to ___________. TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR Commission File Number 000-23827 PC CONNECTION, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 730 Milford Road Merrimack, New Hampshire (Address of principal executive offices) 02-0513618 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 03054 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (603) 683-2000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $.01 par value Name of each exchange on which registered Nasdaq Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES NO Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES NO Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES NO Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES NO Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ___ Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ___ Smaller reporting company ___ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) YES NO The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2016, based on $23.80 per share, the last reported sale price on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on that date, was $265,826,436. The number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of February 27, 2017: Class Common Stock, $.01 par value Number of Shares 26,719,185 The following documents are incorporated by reference into the Annual Report on Form 10-K: Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report. Business ITEM 1. ITEM 1A. Risk Factors ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments ITEM 2. ITEM 3. ITEM 4. Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I PART II ITEM 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ITEM 6. ITEM 7. ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ITEM 8. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ITEM 9. ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures ITEM 9B. Other Information PART III ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ITEM 11. ITEM 12. Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ITEM 13. ITEM 14. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services PART IV ITEM 15. SIGNATURES Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Page 1 10 16 16 17 17 18 20 21 34 34 34 34 37 38 38 38 38 38 39 44 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Statements contained or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not based on historical fact are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward- looking statements regarding future events and our future results are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections and the beliefs and assumptions of management including, without limitation, our expectations with regard to the industry’s rapid technological change and exposure to inventory obsolescence, availability and allocations of goods, reliance on vendor support and relationships, competitive risks, pricing risks, and the overall level of economic activity and the level of business investment in information technology products. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “could,” “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “continue,” “seek,” “plan,” “intend,” or similar terms, variations of such terms, or the negative of those terms. We cannot assure investors that our assumptions and expectations will prove to have been correct. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We therefore caution you against undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements include those discussed in Item 1A., “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speaks only as of the date on which this Annual Report on Form 10-K was first filed. We undertake no intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Item 1. Business GENERAL PART I We are a national solutions provider of a wide range of information technology, or IT, solutions. We help our customers design, enable, manage, and service their IT environments. We provide IT products, including computer systems, software and peripheral equipment, networking communications, and other products and accessories that we purchase from manufacturers, distributors, and other suppliers. We also offer services involving design, configuration, and implementation of IT solutions. These services are performed by our personnel and by third-party providers. We have three operating segments, which serve primarily: (a) small- to medium-sized businesses, or SMBs, in our SMB segment, through our PC Connection Sales subsidiary, (b) large enterprise customers, in our Large Account segment, through our MoreDirect subsidiary, and (c) federal, state, and local government and educational institutions, in our Public Sector segment, through our GovConnection subsidiary. We generate sales through (i) outbound telemarketing and field sales contacts by sales representatives focused on the business, educational, healthcare, and government markets, (ii) our websites, and (iii) inbound calls from customers responding to our catalogs and other advertising media. We offer a broad selection of over 300,000 products at competitive prices, including products from Apple, Cisco Systems, Dell, EMC, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Lenovo, Microsoft, Symantec, and VMWare, and we partner with more than 1,600 suppliers. Our most frequently ordered products are carried in inventory and are typically shipped to customers the same day the order is received. Since our founding in 1982, we have consistently served our customers’ needs by providing innovative, reliable, and timely service and technical support, and by offering an extensive assortment of branded products through knowledgeable, well-trained sales and support teams. Our strategy’s effectiveness is reflected in the recognition we have received, including being named to the Fortune 1000 and the CRN Solution Provider 500 for sixteen straight years. Over the past few years, we have received numerous awards, including the Microsoft Operational Excellence Award for delivering market-leading operational excellence, as well as being recently named to the CRN Tech Elite 250. We believe that our ability to understand our customers’ needs and provide comprehensive and effective IT solutions has resulted in strong brand name recognition and a broad and loyal customer base. We also believe that through our strong vendor relationships we can provide an efficient supply chain and be an effective IT solution provider for our multiple customer segments. We strive to identify the unique needs of our corporate, government, healthcare, educational, and small business customers, and have designed our business processes to enable our customers to effectively manage their IT systems. We provide value by offering our customers efficient design, deployment, and support of their IT environments. As of December 31, 2016, we employed 900 sales representatives, whose average tenure exceeded six years. Sales representatives are responsible for managing enterprise, commercial, and public sector accounts, as specialization and a deep understanding of unique customer environments are more important than ever. These sales representatives focus on current and prospective customers and are supported by an increasing number of engineering, technical, and administrative staff. We believe that increasing our salesforce productivity is important to our future success, and we have increased our headcount and investments in this area accordingly. In September 2016, we launched “Connection®,” uniting all of our subsidiaries into one cohesive brand, reflecting the promise of our trademark blue arc and our mission to connect people with technology that enhances growth, elevates productivity, and empowers innovation. MoreDirect, our enterprise team, became Connection® Enterprise Solutions; PC Connection Sales Corp, our SMB-focused team, became Connection® Business Solutions; and GovConnection, our public sector team, became Connection® Public Sector Solutions. We market our products and services through our websites: www.connection.com, www.connection.com/enterprise, www.connection.com/publicsector, and www.macconnection.com. Our websites provide extensive product information, customized pricing, rich content, and a digital platform for online orders. 1 Additional financial information regarding our business segments and geographic data about our customers and assets is contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 of Part II, and in Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and accordingly, we file reports, proxy and information statements, and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Such reports and information can be read and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at the Public Reference Room, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC- 0330. The SEC maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains such reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. We maintain a corporate website with the address www.connection.com. We are not including the information contained in our website as part of, or incorporating by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge through our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file these materials with, or otherwise furnish them to, the SEC. MARKET AND COMPETITION In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, we generated approximately 40% of our sales from the SMB segment, 38% from medium-to-large corporate accounts (Fortune 1000), and 22% from government and educational institutions. The overall IT market that we serve is estimated to be approximately $200 billion. The largest segment of this market is served by local and regional “value added resellers,” or VARs, many of whom we believe are transitioning from the hardware and software products business to higher-margin IT services. We have transitioned from an end-user or desktop-centric computing supplier to a network or enterprise-wide IT solutions supplier. We have also partnered with third-party technology and telecommunications service providers. We now offer our customers access to the same services and technical expertise as local and regional VARs, but with a more extensive product selection at generally lower prices. Intense competition for customers has led manufacturers of our IT products to use all available channels, including direct marketers, to distribute their products. Certain of these manufacturers who have traditionally used resellers to distribute their products have, from time to time, established their own direct marketing operations, including sales through the Internet. Nonetheless, we believe that these manufacturers will continue to provide us and other third-party direct marketers favorable product allocations and marketing support. We believe new entrants to the direct marketing channel must overcome a number of obstacles, including: • • • • • the substantial time and resources required to build a customer base of meaningful size and profitability for cost-effective operation; the high costs of developing the information systems and operating infrastructure required to successfully compete as a direct marketer; the advantages enjoyed by larger and more established competitors in terms of purchasing and operating efficiencies; the difficulty of building relationships with vendors to achieve favorable product allocations and attractive pricing terms; and the difficulty of identifying and recruiting management personnel with significant direct marketing experience in the industry. 2 BUSINESS STRATEGIES We believe we become our customers’ IT provider of choice by providing innovative IT solutions which meet their needs of increased productivity, mobility, virtualization, and security in a continually evolving IT environment. We provide enhanced value by assisting them in cost-effectively maximizing business opportunities provided by new technologies and advanced service solutions. The key elements of our business strategies include: • Providing consistent customer service before, during, and after the sale. We believe that we have earned a reputation for providing superior customer service by consistently focusing on our customers’ needs. We have dedicated our resources to developing strong, long-term relationships with our customers by accurately assessing their IT needs, and providing scalable, high-quality solutions and services through our knowledgeable, well-trained personnel. Through operational excellence, we have efficient delivery programs that provide a quality buying experience for our customers with reasonable return policies. • Offering a broad product selection at competitive prices. We offer a broad range of IT products and solutions, including personal computers and related peripheral products, servers, storage, and networking infrastructure, at costs that allow our customers to be more productive while maximizing their IT budgets. Our advanced solution offerings include network, server, storage, and mission-critical onsite installation and support using proprietary cloud-based service management software. We offer products and enhanced service capabilities with aggressive price and performance standards, all with the convenience of one-stop shopping for technology solutions. • Simplifying technology product procurement for corporate customers. We offer Internet-based procurement options to eliminate complexity and enhance customer value, as well as lower the cost of procurement for our customers. Our Large Account segment specializes in Internet-based solutions and provides electronic integration between its customers and suppliers. • Offering targeted IT solutions. Our customers seek solutions to increasingly complex IT infrastructure demands. To better address their business needs, we have focused our solution service capabilities on seven practice areas—Converged Data Center, Networking, Mobility, Security, Cloud Solutions, Lifecycle, and Software. These IT practice groups are responsible for understanding the infrastructure needs of our customers, and for designing cost-effective technology solutions to address them. We have also partnered with third-party providers to make available a range of IT support services, including asset assessment, implementation, maintenance, and disposal services. We believe we can leverage these seven practice groups to transform our company into a recognized IT solution provider, which will enable us to capture a greater share of the IT expenditures of our customers. • Maintaining a strong brand name and customer awareness. Since our founding in 1982, we have built a strong brand name and customer awareness. We have been named to the Fortune 1000 and the CRN Solution Provider 500 for each of the last sixteen years. We actively work with our existing customers to become their IT provider of choice for products and enhanced solution services, while seeking to ensure our reputation of high-quality customer service, tailored marketing programs, and competitive pricing lead the way to expanding our share of the overall IT market. • Maintaining long-standing vendor relationships. We have a history of strong relationships with vendors, and were among the first national solutions providers qualified by manufacturers to market computer systems to end users. By working closely with our vendors to provide an efficient channel for the advertising and distribution of their products, we expect to expand market share and generate opportunities for optimizing partner incentive programs. 3 GROWTH STRATEGIES Our growth strategies are designed to increase revenues by maximizing operational efficiencies while offering innovative products and value added service offerings, increasing penetration of our existing customers, and expanding our customer base. Our six key elements of growth are: • Expanding hardware and software offerings. We offer our customers an extensive range of IT hardware and software products, and in response to customer demand, we continually evaluate and add new products as they become available. We work closely with vendors to identify and source first-to-market product offerings at aggressive prices. • Expanding IT solution services offerings. We strive to accelerate solution and service growth by providing creative solutions to the increasingly complex hardware and software needs of our customers. Our Converged Data Center, Networking, Mobility, Security, Cloud Solutions, Lifecycle, and Software services practice groups consist of industry-certified and product-certified engineers, as well as highly specialized third-party providers. Our investment in these seven practice areas is expected to increase our share of our customers’ annual IT expenditures by broadening the range of products and services they purchase from us. • Targeting customer segments. Through increased targeted marketing, we seek to expand the number of our active customers and generate additional sales to existing customers by providing more value-added services and solutions. We have developed specialty catalogs featuring product offerings designed to address the needs of specific customer populations, including new product inserts targeted to purchasers of graphics, server, and networking products. We also utilize Internet marketing campaigns that focus on select markets, such as healthcare. • Increasing productivity of our sales representatives. We believe that higher sales productivity is the key to leveraging our expense structure and driving future profitability improvements. We invest significant resources in training new sales representatives and providing ongoing training to experienced personnel. Our training and evaluation programs are focused towards assisting our sales personnel in understanding and anticipating clients’ IT needs, with the goal of fostering loyal customer relationships. We also provide our sales representatives with technical support on more complex sales opportunities through our expanding group of technical solution specialists. • Migrating to cloud-based solutions for our customers. Cloud computing will be a key driver of new IT spending as our customers seek scalable, cost-effective solutions. We plan to expand our cloud-based solution sales and assist our customers in navigating the complex and growing field of cloud-solution offerings. • Pursuing strategic acquisitions and alliances. We seek acquisitions and alliances that add new customers, strengthen our product offerings, add management talent, and produce operating results which are accretive to our core business earnings. SERVICE AND SUPPORT Since our founding in 1982, our primary objective has been to provide products and services that meet the demands and needs of customers and to supplement those products with up-to-date product information and excellent customer service and support. We believe that offering our customers superior value, through a combination of product knowledge, consistent and reliable service and support, and leading products at competitive prices, differentiates us from other direct marketers and provides the foundation for developing a broad and loyal customer base. We invest in training programs for our service and support personnel, with an emphasis on putting customer needs and service first. Product support technicians assist callers with questions concerning compatibility, installation, and more difficult questions relating to product use. The product support technicians authorize customers to return defective or incompatible products to either the manufacturer or to us for warranty service. In-house technicians perform both warranty and non-warranty repair on most major systems and hardware products. 4 Using our customized information system, we transmit our customer orders either to our distribution center or to our drop-ship suppliers, depending on product availability, for processing immediately after a customer receives credit approval. At our distribution center, we also perform custom configuration of computer systems and handheld devices as requested by our customers, which typically consists of the installation of memory, accessories, and/or software purchased. Our customers may select the method of delivery that best meets their needs and is most cost effective, ranging from expedited overnight delivery for urgently needed items to ground freight, generally used for heavier, more bulky items. Through our Everything Overnight™ service, orders accepted up to 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time can be shipped for overnight delivery from our distribution center. Our inventory stocking levels are based on three primary criteria. First, we stock and maintain a large quantity of products that sell through quickly (such as notebook and desktop systems, printers, and monitors). Second, we stock products obtained through opportunistic purchases (including first-to-market and end-of-life special promotions, and popular products with limited availability). Third, we stock products in common demand, such as components we use to configure systems prior to shipping, for which we want to avoid shortages. Inventory stocking decisions are made generally independent of the level of shipping service, as expedited shipping, including overnight delivery, is available through the majority of our drop-ship suppliers as well as through our warehouse. MARKETING AND SALES We sell our products through our direct marketing channels to (i) SMBs including small office/home office customers, (ii) government and educational institutions, and (iii) medium-to-large corporate accounts. We strive to be the primary supplier of IT products and solutions to our existing and prospective customers by providing exemplary customer service. We use multiple marketing approaches to reach existing and prospective customers, including: • • outbound telemarketing and field sales; digital, web, and print media advertising; and • marketing programs targeted to specific customer populations. All of our marketing approaches emphasize our broad product offerings, fast delivery, customer support, competitive pricing, and our wide range of service solutions. Sales Channels. We believe that our ability to establish and maintain long-term customer relationships and to encourage repeat purchases is largely dependent on the strength of our sales personnel and programs. Because our customers’ primary contact with us is through our sales representatives, we are committed to maintaining a qualified, knowledgeable, and motivated sales staff with its principal focus on customer service. Outbound Telemarketing and Field Sales. We seek to build loyal relationships with potential high-volume customers by assigning them to individual account managers. We believe that customers respond favorably to one-on- one relationships with personalized, well-trained account managers. Once established, these one-on-one relationships are maintained and enhanced through frequent telecommunications and targeted catalogs and e-mails, as well as other marketing materials designed to meet each customer’s specific IT needs. We pay most of our account managers a base annual salary plus incentive compensation. Incentive compensation is tied generally to gross profit dollars produced by the individual account manager. Account managers historically have significantly increased productivity after approximately twelve months of training and experience. E-commerce Sales. (www.connection.com, www.connection.com/enterprise, www.connection.com/publicsector, and www.macconnection.com) We provide product descriptions and prices for generally all products online. Our Connection website also provides updated information for more than 300,000 items. We offer, and continuously update, selected product offerings and other special buys. We believe our websites are important sales sources and communication tools for improving customer service. 5 Our MoreDirect subsidiary’s business process and operations are primarily Web-based. Most of its corporate customers utilize a customized Web page to quickly search, source, and track IT products. MoreDirect’s website (www.connection.com/enterprise) aggregates the current available inventories of its largest IT suppliers into a single online source for its corporate customers. Its custom designed Internet-based system, TRAXX®, provides corporate buyers with comparative pricing from several suppliers as well as special pricing arranged through the manufacturer. The Internet supports three key business initiatives for us: • Customer choice — We have built our business on the premise that our customers should be able to choose how they interact with us--be it by telephone, or by means of their desktop or mobile device via email or the Internet. • Lowering transactions costs — Our website tools include robust product search features and Internet Business Accounts (customized Web pages), which allow customers to quickly and easily find information about products of interest to them. If customers still have questions, they may call our telesales representatives or account managers. Such phone calls are typically shorter and have higher close rates than calls from customers who have not first visited our websites. • Leveraging the time of experienced sales representatives — Our investments in technology-based sales and service programs allow our sales representatives more time to build and maintain relationships with our customers and help them to solve their business problems. Business Segments. We conduct our business operations through three business segments: SMB, Large Account, and Public Sector. SMB Segment. Our principal target markets in this segment are small-to-medium-sized business customers. We use a combination of outbound telemarketing, including some on-site sales solicitation by business development managers, and Internet sales through customized Internet Business Accounts, to reach these customers. Large Account Segment. Through our MoreDirect subsidiary’s custom designed Web-based system, we are able to offer our larger corporate customers an efficient and effective method of sourcing, evaluating, purchasing, and tracking a wide variety of IT products and services. MoreDirect’s strategy is to be the primary single source procurement portal for its large corporate customers. MoreDirect’s sales representatives typically have ten to twenty years of experience and are located strategically across the United States. This allows them to work directly with customers, often on site. MoreDirect generally places its product orders with manufacturers and/or distribution companies for drop shipment directly to its customers. Public Sector Segment. We use a combination of outbound telemarketing, including some on-site sales solicitation by business development managers, and Internet sales through customized Internet Business Accounts, to reach these customers. Through our GovConnection subsidiary, we target each of the four distinct market sectors within this segment—federal government, higher educational institutions, school grades K-12, and state and local governments. The following table sets forth the relative distribution of net sales by business segment: Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Sales Segment SMB Large Account Public Sector Total 42 % 40 % 41 % 37 38 22 22 100 % 100 % 100 % 35 23 Our brand, and each of Connection’s business segments, is supported by targeted marketing campaigns across a variety of media: 6 Digital. We utilize a series of digital programs, in conjunction with advanced data analytics, to identify prospective customers and generate new leads within our existing customer base. These programs include website, email, blog, social media, electronic catalogs, webinars, and video/multimedia promotions. Print. Connection produces a variety of print media, including direct mail pieces and Connected, a quarterly publication that provides informative articles on the latest technologies and industry trends. We distribute specialty catalogs to education, healthcare, and government customers and prospective customers on a periodic basis. The Company’s MacConnection® brand publishes an eponymous catalog for the Apple market. These publications showcase the depth of our in-house expertise in the marketplace and extend Connection’s brand to a wide audience of IT decision makers. Specialty Marketing. In addition to our digital and print marketing efforts, Connection maintains a strong presence at industry tradeshows and conventions across the country, including a number of healthcare and education IT conferences. Connection also hosts a series of Technology Summits each year, with a focus on building stronger relationships with our customers and reinforcing our reputation as a trusted source of expertise. Customers. We maintain an extensive database of customers and prospects. However, no single customer accounted for more than 2% of our consolidated revenue in 2016. While no single agency of the federal government comprised more than 2% of total sales, aggregate sales to the federal government were 7.5%, 6.7%, and 6.5% in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The loss of any single customer would not have a material adverse effect on any of our business segments. In addition, we do not have individual orders in our backlog that are material to our business, as we typically ship products within hours of receipt of orders. PRODUCTS AND MERCHANDISING We continuously focus on expanding the breadth of our product offerings. We currently offer our customers over 300,000 information technology products designed for business applications from more than 1,600 vendors, including hardware and peripherals, accessories, networking products, and software. We select the products we sell based upon their technology and effectiveness, market demand, product features, quality, price, margins, and warranties. The following table sets forth our percentage of net sales (in dollars) for major product categories: PERCENTAGE OF NET SALES Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2016 Notebooks/Mobility Software Servers/Storage Net/Com Product Other Hardware/Services Total 23 % 20 10 8 39 100 % 23 % 17 13 9 38 100 % 21 % 16 13 9 41 100 % We offer a 30-day right of return generally limited to defective merchandise. Returns of non-defective products are subject to restocking fees. Substantially all of the products marketed by us are warranted by the manufacturer. We generally accept returns directly from the customer and then either credit the customer’s account or ship the customer a replacement or similar product from our inventory. PURCHASING AND VENDOR RELATIONS Product purchases from Ingram Micro, Inc., or Ingram, our largest supplier, accounted for approximately 21% of our total product purchases in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and 25% in 2014. Purchases from Synnex Corporation, or Synnex, comprised 13%, 15%, and 13% of our total product purchases in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. No other vendor supplied more than 10% of our total product purchases in 2016, 2015, or 2014. We believe that, while we may experience some short-term disruption if products from Ingram and/or Synnex become unavailable to us, alternative sources for products obtained directly from Ingram and Synnex are available to us. 7 Products manufactured by HP represented 20% of our net sales in 2016 and 22% in both 2015 and 2014. We believe that in the event we experience either a short-term or permanent disruption of supply of HP products, such disruption would likely have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Many product suppliers reimburse us for advertisements or other cooperative marketing programs in our catalogs and other marketing vehicles. Reimbursements may be in the form of discounts, advertising allowances, and/or rebates. We also receive allowances from certain vendors based upon the volume of our purchases or sales of the vendors’ products by us. Some of our vendors offer limited price protection in the form of rebates or credits against future purchases. We may also participate in end-of-life product and other special purchases which may not be eligible for price protection. We believe that we have excellent relationships with our vendors. We generally pay vendors within stated terms, or earlier when favorable cash discounts are offered. We believe our high volume of purchases enables us to obtain product pricing and terms that are competitive with those available to other national IT solutions providers. Although brand names and individual product offerings are important to our business, we believe that competitive products are available in substantially all of the merchandise categories offered by us. DISTRIBUTION We fulfill orders from customers both from products we hold in inventory and through drop shipping arrangements with manufacturers and distributors. At our 283,000 square foot distribution and fulfillment complex in Wilmington, Ohio, we receive and ship inventory, configure computer systems, and process returned products. Orders are transmitted electronically from our various sales facilities to our Wilmington distribution center after credit approval, where packaging documentation is printed automatically and order fulfillment takes place. Our customers are given several shipping options, ranging from expedited overnight delivery through our Everything Overnight™ service to normal ground freight service. Through our Everything Overnight™ service, orders accepted up until 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time, can be shipped from our distribution center for overnight delivery via United Parcel Service, or UPS, or FedEx Corporation. Upon request, orders may also be shipped by other common carriers. We also place product orders directly with manufacturers and/or distribution companies for drop shipment directly to our customers. Our MoreDirect subsidiary generally utilizes drop shipping for substantially all product orders. Order status with distributors is tracked online, and in all circumstances, a confirmation of shipment from manufacturers and/or distribution companies is received prior to initial recording of the transaction. At the end of each financial reporting period, revenue is adjusted to reflect the anticipated receipt of products by the customers in the period. Products drop shipped by suppliers were 75%, 74%, and 73% of net sales in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. In future years, we expect that products drop shipped from suppliers may increase, both in dollars and as a percentage of net sales, as we seek to lower our overall inventory and distribution costs while maintaining excellent customer service. Certain of our larger customers occasionally request special staged delivery arrangements under which either we or our distribution partners set aside and temporarily hold inventory on our customer’s behalf. Such orders are firm delivery orders, and customers generally pay under normal credit terms, regardless of delivery. Revenue on such transactions is not recorded until shipment to their final destination as requested by the customer. Inventory held for such staged delivery requests aggregated $23.2 million and $27.7 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We maintain inventories of fast moving products that account for a high percentage of our ongoing product sales transactions and sales dollars. We may also, from time to time, make large inventory purchases of certain first-to-market products or end-of-life products to obtain favorable purchasing discounts. We also maintain sufficient inventory levels of high volume components and accessories used for configuration services. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Our subsidiaries utilize management information systems which have been significantly customized for our use. These systems permit centralized management of key functions, including order taking and processing, inventory and 8 accounts receivable management, purchasing, sales, and distribution, and the preparation of daily operating control reports on key aspects of the business. We also operate advanced telecommunications equipment to support our sales and customer service operations. Key elements of the telecommunications systems are integrated with our computer systems to provide timely customer information to sales and service representatives, and to facilitate the preparation of operating and performance data. MoreDirect has developed a custom designed Internet-based system, TRAXX®. This system is an integrated application of sales order processing, integrated supply chain visibility, and has full Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) links with major manufacturers’ distribution partners for product information, availability, pricing, ordering, delivery, and tracking, including related accounting functions. Our success is dependent in large part on the accuracy and proper use of our information systems, including our telephone systems, to manage our inventory and accounts receivable collections, to purchase, sell, and ship our products efficiently and on a timely basis, and to maintain cost-efficient operations. We expect to continue upgrading our information systems in the future to more effectively manage our operations and customer database. Our investments in IT infrastructure are designed to enable us to operate more efficiently. While we have not yet finalized our decisions regarding the areas of future investment in our IT infrastructure, we expect to increase our capital investments in our IT infrastructure, which if fully implemented, would likely exceed $20 million over the next one to three years. For further discussion see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” of Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. COMPETITION The direct marketing and sale of IT related products is highly competitive. We compete with other national solutions providers of IT products, including CDW Corporation and Insight Enterprises, Inc., who are much larger than we are. We also compete with: • • • • • • certain product manufacturers that sell directly to customers as well as some of our own suppliers, such as Apple, Dell, HP, and Lenovo; software publishers, such as IBM, Microsoft, and Symantec; distributors that sell directly to certain customers; local and regional VARs; various franchisers, office supply superstores, and national computer retailers; and e-tailers, such as Amazon Web Services, with more extensive commercial online networks. Additional competition may arise if other new methods of distribution emerge in the future. We compete not only for customers, but also for favorable product allocations and cooperative advertising support from product manufacturers. Several of our competitors are larger than we are and have substantially greater financial resources. These and other factors related to our competitive position are discussed more fully in the “Overview” of Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe that price, product selection and availability, and service and support are the most important competitive factors in our industry. 9 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Our trademarks include among others Connection®, PC Connection®, GovConnection®, MacConnection®, The Connection™, HealthConnectionTM, Mobile Connection®, Cloud Connection®, Service Connection®, ProConnection™, Education Connection®, MoreDirect®, TRAXX®, WebSPOC®, Softmart®, GlobalServeTM, Raccoon CharacterTM, and their related logos and all iterations. We intend to use and protect these and our other marks, as we deem necessary. We believe our trademarks have significant value and are an important factor in the marketing of our products. We do not maintain a traditional research and development group, but we work closely with computer product manufacturers and other technology developers to stay abreast of the latest developments in computer technology, with respect to the products we both sell and use. WORK FORCE As of December 31, 2016, we employed 2,501 persons (full-time equivalent), of whom 1,268 (including 368 management and support personnel) were engaged in sales-related activities, 475 were engaged in providing IT services and customer service and support, 464 were engaged in purchasing, marketing, and distribution-related activities, 102 were engaged in the operation and development of management information systems, and 192 were engaged in administrative and finance functions. We consider our employee relations to be good. Our employees are not represented by a labor union, and we have never experienced a labor related work stoppage. Item 1A. Risk Factors We cannot assure investors that our assumptions and expectations will prove to have been correct. Important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements. Such factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those factors discussed below. We undertake no intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations would likely suffer. Instability in economic conditions in the financial markets may adversely affect our business and reduce our operating results. Our business has been affected by changes in economic conditions that are outside of our control, including reductions in business investment, loss of consumer confidence, and fiscal uncertainty at both federal and state government levels. Reductions in federal government spending may result in significant reductions in program funding. Considerable uncertainty also exists regarding expected economic conditions both globally and in the United States, and future delays or reductions in IT spending could have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and consequently on our financial results. Despite the recent increase in general economic optimism, there is always a risk that heightened economic expectations may not be realized. Economic instability may arise, and it is difficult to predict to what extent our business may be adversely affected. However, if IT spending should again decline, we are likely to experience an adverse impact, which may be material on our business and our results of operations. We have experienced variability in sales and may not be able to maintain profitable operations. Several factors have caused our results of operations to fluctuate and we expect some of these fluctuations to continue. Causes of these fluctuations include: • • shifts in customer demand that affect our distribution models, including demand for total solutions; loss of customers to competitors; 10 • • • • • • industry shipments of new products or upgrades; changes in overall demand and timing of product shipments related to economic markets and to government spending; changes in vendor distribution of products; changes in our product offerings and in merchandise returns; changes in distribution models as a result of cloud and software-as-a-service, or SaaS; and adverse weather conditions that affect response, distribution, or shipping. Our results also may vary based on our ability to manage personnel levels in response to fluctuations in revenue. We base personnel levels and other operating expenditures on sales forecasts. If our revenues do not meet anticipated levels in the future, we may not be able to reduce our staffing levels and operating expenses in a timely manner to avoid significant losses from operations. Substantial competition could reduce our market share and may negatively affect our business. The direct marketing industry and the computer products retail business, in particular, are highly competitive. We compete with other national solutions providers of hardware and software and computer related products, including CDW Corporation and Insight Enterprises, Inc., each of which is much larger than we are. Certain hardware and software vendors, such as Apple, Dell, Lenovo, and HP, who provide products to us, also sell their products directly to end users through their own catalogs, stores, and via the Internet. We also compete with computer retail stores and websites, who are increasingly selling to business customers and may become a significant competitor. We compete not only for customers, but also for advertising support from IT product manufacturers. Some of our competitors have larger customer bases and greater financial, marketing, and other resources than we do. In addition, some of our competitors offer a wider range of products and services than we do and may be able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities, technologies, and customer requirements. Many current and potential competitors also have greater name recognition, engage in more extensive promotional activities, and adopt pricing policies that are more aggressive than ours. We expect competition to increase as retailers and direct marketers who have not traditionally sold computers and related products enter the industry. In addition, product resellers and national solutions providers are combining operations or acquiring or merging with other resellers and national solutions providers to increase efficiency. Moreover, current and potential competitors have established or may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to enhance their products and services. Accordingly, it is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors may emerge and acquire significant market share. We may not be able to continue to compete effectively against our current or future competitors. If we encounter new competition or fail to compete effectively against our competitors, our business may be harmed. We face and will continue to face significant price competition. Generally, pricing is very aggressive in our industry, and we expect pricing pressures to escalate should economic conditions deteriorate. An increase in price competition could result in a reduction of our profit margins. We may not be able to offset the effects of price reductions with an increase in the number of customers, higher sales, cost reductions, or otherwise. Also, our sales of IT hardware products generally result in lower profit margins than those associated with software products. Such pricing pressures could result in an erosion of our market share, reduced sales, and reduced operating margins, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. 11 Virtualization of IT resources and applications, including networks, servers, applications, and data storage may disrupt or alter our traditional distribution models. Our customers can access, through a cloud-based platform, business-critical solutions without the significant initial capital investment required for dedicated infrastructure. Growing demand for the development of cloud-based solutions may reduce demand for some of our existing hardware products. If the transition to an environment characterized by cloud-based computing and software being delivered as a service progresses, we will likely increase investments in this area before knowing whether our sales forecasts will accurately reflect customer demand for these products, services, and solutions. We may not be able to effectively compete using these virtual distribution models. Our inability to compete effectively with current or future virtual distribution model competitors, or adapt to a cloud-based environment, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We may experience a reduction in the incentive programs offered to us by our vendors. Some product manufacturers and distributors provide us with incentives such as supplier reimbursements, payment discounts, price protection, rebates, and other similar arrangements. The increasingly competitive computer hardware market has already resulted in the following: • reduction or elimination of some of these incentive programs; • more restrictive price protection and other terms; and • reduced advertising allowances and incentives. Many product suppliers provide us with advertising allowances, and in exchange, we feature their products on our website, and in our catalogs and other marketing vehicles. These vendor allowances, to the extent that they represent specific reimbursements of incremental and identifiable costs, are offset against SG&A expenses. Advertising allowances that cannot be associated with a specific program funded by an individual vendor or that exceed the fair value of advertising expense associated with that program are classified as offsets to cost of sales or inventory. In the past, we have experienced a decrease in the level of vendor consideration available to us from certain manufacturers. The level of such consideration we receive from some manufacturers may decline in the future. Such a decline could decrease our gross profit and have a material adverse effect on our earnings and cash flows. Our business could be materially adversely affected by system failures, interruption, integration issues, or security lapses of our information technology systems or those of our third-party providers. Our ability to effectively manage our business depends significantly on our information systems and infrastructure as well as, in certain instances those of our third-party providers. The failure of our current systems to operate effectively or to integrate with other systems, including integration of upgrades to better meet the changing needs of our customers, could result in transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, and the loss of sales and customers. In addition, cybersecurity threats are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to company or customer data, denial of service attacks, the processing of fraudulent transactions, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, and corruption of data. Although we have in place various processes, procedures, and controls to monitor and mitigate these threats, these measures may not be sufficient to prevent a material security threat or mitigate these risks for our customers. If any of these events were to materialize, they could lead to disruption of our operations or loss of sensitive information as well as subject us to regulatory actions, litigation, or damage to our reputation, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. 12 We could experience Internet and other system failures which would interfere with our ability to process orders. We depend on the accuracy and proper use of our management information systems, including our telephone system. Many of our key functions depend on the quality and effective utilization of the information generated by our management information systems, including: • • • our ability to purchase, sell, and ship products efficiently and on a timely basis; our ability to manage inventory and accounts receivable collection; and our ability to maintain operations. Our management information systems require continual upgrades to most effectively manage our operations and customer database. Although we maintain some redundant systems, with full data backup, our primary computer and telecommunications hardware is located in a single facility in New Hampshire, and a substantial interruption in our management information systems or in our telephone communication systems, including those resulting from extreme weather and natural disasters, as well as power loss, telecommunications failure, or similar events, would substantially hinder our ability to process customer orders and thus could have a material adverse effect on our business. Should our financial performance not meet expectations, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings for impairment of goodwill and other intangibles. We test goodwill for impairment each year and more frequently if potential impairment indicators arise. Although the fair value of our SMB and Large Account reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying value at our annual impairment test, should the financial performance of a reporting unit not meet expectations due to the economy or otherwise, we would likely adjust downward expected future operating results and cash flows. Such adjustment may result in a determination that the carrying value of goodwill and other intangibles for a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. This determination may in turn require that we record a significant non-cash charge to earnings to reduce the $73.6 million aggregate carrying amount of goodwill held by our SMB and Large Account reporting units, resulting in a negative effect on our results of operations. The failure to comply with our public sector contracts could result in, among other things, fines or liabilities. Revenues from the Public Sector segment are derived from sales to federal, state, and local government departments and agencies, as well as to educational institutions, through various contracts and open market sales. Government contracting is a highly regulated area. Noncompliance with government procurement regulations or contract provisions could result in civil, criminal, and administrative liability, including substantial monetary fines or damages, termination of government contracts, and suspension, debarment, or ineligibility from doing business with the government. Our current arrangements with these government agencies allow them to cancel orders with little or no notice and do not require them to purchase products from us in the future. The effect of any of these possible actions by any government department or agency could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. We acquire a majority of our products for resale from a limited number of vendors. The loss of any one of these vendors could have a material adverse effect on our business. We acquire products for resale both directly from manufacturers and increasingly indirectly through distributors and other sources. The five vendors supplying the greatest amount of goods to us constituted 59% of our total product purchases in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 61% in both 2015, and 2014. Among these five suppliers, product purchases from Ingram, our largest supplier, accounted for approximately 21% of our total product purchases in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and 25% in 2014. Purchases from Synnex comprised 13%, 15%, and 13% of our total product purchases in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. No other vendor supplied more than 10% of our total product purchases in 2016, 2015, or 2014. If we were unable to acquire products from Ingram or Synnex, we could experience a short-term disruption in the availability of products, and such disruption could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. 13 Products manufactured by HP represented 20% of our net sales in 2016 and 22% in both 2015 and 2014. We believe that in the event we experience either a short-term or permanent disruption of supply of HP products, such disruption would likely have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Substantially all of our contracts and arrangements with our vendors that supply significant quantities of products are terminable by such vendors or us without notice or upon short notice. Most of our product vendors provide us with trade credit, of which the net amount outstanding at December 31, 2016 was $177.9 million. Termination, interruption, or contraction of relationships with our vendors, including a reduction in the level of trade credit provided to us, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position. Some product manufacturers either do not permit us to sell the full line of their products or limit the number of product units available to national solutions providers such as us. An element of our business strategy is to continue increasing our participation in first-to-market purchase opportunities. The availability of certain desired products, especially in the direct marketing channel, has been constrained in the past. We could experience a material adverse effect to our business if we are unable to source first-to-market purchases or similar opportunities, or if significant availability constraints reoccur. We are exposed to inventory obsolescence due to the rapid technological changes occurring in the IT industry. The market for IT products is characterized by rapid technological change and the frequent introduction of new products and product enhancements. Our success depends in large part on our ability to identify and market products that meet the needs of customers in that marketplace. In order to satisfy customer demand and to obtain favorable purchasing discounts, we have and may continue to carry increased inventory levels of certain products. By so doing, we are subject to the increased risk of inventory obsolescence. Also, in order to implement our business strategy, we intend to continue, among other things, placing larger than typical inventory stocking orders of selected products and increasing our participation in first-to-market purchase opportunities. We may also, from time to time, make large inventory purchases of certain end-of-life products, which would increase the risk of inventory obsolescence. In addition, we sometimes acquire special purchase products without return privileges. For these and other reasons, we may not be able to avoid losses related to obsolete inventory. Manufacturers have limited return rights and have taken steps to reduce their inventory exposure by supporting “configure-to-order” programs authorizing distributors and resellers to assemble computer hardware under the manufacturers’ brands. These actions reduce the costs to manufacturers and shift the burden of inventory risk to resellers like us, which could negatively impact our business. We are dependent on key personnel. Our future performance will depend to a significant extent upon the efforts and abilities of our senior executives and other key management personnel. The competition for qualified management personnel in the computer products industry is very intense, and the loss of service of one or more of these persons could have an adverse effect on our business. Our success and plans for future growth will also depend on our ability to hire, train, and retain skilled personnel in all areas of our business, especially sales representatives and technical support personnel. We may not be able to attract, train, and retain sufficient qualified personnel to achieve our business objectives. The methods of distributing IT products are changing, and such changes may negatively impact us and our business. The manner in which IT hardware and software is distributed and sold is changing, and new methods of distribution and sale have emerged, including distribution through cloud-based and SaaS solutions. In addition, hardware and software manufacturers have sold, and may intensify their efforts to sell, their products directly to end users. From time to time, certain manufacturers have instituted programs for the direct sales of large order quantities of hardware and software to certain major corporate accounts. These types of programs may continue to be developed and used by various manufacturers. Some of our vendors, including Apple, Dell, HP, and Lenovo, currently sell some of their products directly to end users and have stated their intentions to increase the level of such direct sales. In addition, manufacturers may attempt to increase the volume of software products distributed electronically to end users. An 14 increase in the volume of products sold through or used by consumers of any of these competitive programs, or our inability to effectively adapt our business to increased electronic distribution of products and services to end users could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We depend heavily on third-party shippers to deliver our products to customers. Many of our customers elect to have their purchases shipped by an interstate common carrier, such as UPS or FedEx Corporation. A strike or other interruption in service by these shippers could adversely affect our ability to market or deliver products to customers on a timely basis. Natural disasters, terrorism, and other circumstances could materially adversely affect our business. Natural disasters, terrorism, and other business interruptions have caused and could cause damage or disruption to international commerce and the global economy, and thus could have a negative effect on the Company, its suppliers, logistics providers, manufacturing vendors, and customers. Our business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, nuclear power plant accidents, terrorist attacks, and other hostile acts, and other events beyond our control. Such events could decrease demand for our products, make it difficult or impossible for us to deliver services or products to our customers, or to receive products from our suppliers, and create delays and inefficiencies in our supply chain. In the event of a natural disaster or other business interruption, significant recovery time and substantial expenditures could be required to resume operations and our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. We may experience increases in shipping and postage costs, which may adversely affect our business if we are not able to pass such increases on to our customers. Shipping costs are a significant expense in the operation of our business. Increases in postal or shipping rates could significantly impact the cost of shipping customer orders and mailing our catalogs. Postage prices and shipping rates increase periodically, and we have no control over future increases. We have a long-term contract with UPS, and believe that we have negotiated favorable shipping rates with our carriers. While we generally invoice customers for shipping and handling charges, we may not be able to pass on to our customers the full cost, including any future increases in the cost, of commercial delivery services, which would adversely affect our business. We rely on the continued development of electronic commerce and Internet infrastructure development. We continue to have increasing levels of sales made through our e-commerce sites. The on-line experience for our clients continues to improve, but the competitive nature of the e-commerce channel also continues to increase. Growth of our overall sales is dependent on customers continuing to expand their on-line purchases in addition to traditional channels to purchase products and services. We cannot accurately predict the rate at which on-line purchases will expand. Our success in growing our Internet business will depend in large part upon our development of an increasingly sophisticated e-commerce experience and infrastructure. Increasing customer sophistication requires that we provide additional website features and functionality in order to be competitive in the marketplace and maintain market share. We will continue to iterate our website features, but we cannot predict future trends and required functionality or our adoption rate for customer preferences. As the number of on-line users continues to grow, such growth may impact the performance of our existing Internet infrastructure. We face uncertainties relating to unclaimed property and the collection of state sales and use tax. We collect and remit sales and use taxes in states in which we have either voluntarily registered or have a physical presence. Various states have sought to impose on direct marketers the burden of collecting state sales and use taxes on the sales of products shipped to their residents. Many states have adopted rules that require companies and their affiliates to register in those states as a condition of doing business with those state agencies. Our three sales companies 15 are registered in substantially all states, however, if a state were to determine that our earlier contacts with that state exceeded the constitutionally permitted contacts, the state could assess a tax liability relating to our prior year sales. A multi-state unclaimed property audit continues to be in process, and total accruals for unclaimed property aggregated $0.8 million at December 31, 2016. Privacy concerns with respect to list development and maintenance may materially adversely affect our business. We mail catalogs and other promotional materials to names in our customer database and to potential customers whose names we obtain from rented or exchanged mailing lists. Public concern regarding the protection of personal information has subjected the rental and use of customer mailing lists and other customer information to increased scrutiny. Legislation enacted limiting or prohibiting the use of rented or exchanged mailing lists could negatively affect our business. We are controlled by two principal stockholders. Patricia Gallup and David Hall, our two principal stockholders, beneficially own or control, in the aggregate, approximately 56% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2016. Because of their beneficial stock ownership, these stockholders can continue to elect the members of the Board of Directors and decide all matters requiring stockholder approval at a meeting or by a written consent in lieu of a meeting. Similarly, such stockholders can control decisions to adopt, amend, or repeal our charter and our bylaws, or take other actions requiring the vote or consent of our stockholders and prevent a takeover of us by one or more third parties, or sell or otherwise transfer their stock to a third party, which could deprive our stockholders of a control premium that might otherwise be realized by them in connection with an acquisition of our Company. Such control may result in decisions that are not in the best interest of our public stockholders. In connection with our initial public offering, the principal stockholders placed substantially all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them into a voting trust, pursuant to which they are required to agree as to the manner of voting such shares in order for the shares to be voted. Such provisions could discourage bids for our common stock at a premium as well as have a negative impact on the market price of our common stock. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties We lease our corporate headquarters located at 730 Milford Road, Merrimack, New Hampshire 03054-4631, from an affiliated company, G&H Post, which is related to us through common ownership. The initial term of the fifteen-year lease ended in November 2013, and we amended the lease in May 2014 to extend the term for an additional five years. In addition to the rent payable under the facility lease, we are required to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance charges. The amended lease has been recorded as an operating lease in the financial statements. In August 2008, we entered into a lease agreement with G&H Post, which is related to us through common ownership, for an office facility adjacent to our corporate headquarters. The lease has a term of ten years and provides us with an option to renew the lease for two additional two-year terms, at the then comparable market rate. The lease requires us to pay our proportionate share of real estate taxes and common area maintenance charges as either additional rent or directly to third parties and also to pay insurance premiums for the leased property. The lease has been recorded as an operating lease in the financial statements. In August 2014, we entered into a ten-year lease for a facility in Wilmington, Ohio, which houses our distribution and order fulfillment operations. We also operate sales and support offices throughout the United States and lease facilities at these locations. Leasehold improvements associated with these properties are amortized over the terms of the leases or their useful lives, whichever is shorter. We believe that our physical properties will be sufficient to support our anticipated needs through the next twelve months and beyond. 16 Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are subject to audits by states on sales and income taxes, unclaimed property, employment matters, and other assessments. While management believes that known and estimated liabilities have been adequately provided for, it is too early to determine the ultimate outcome of such audits, as formal assessments have not been finalized. Additional liabilities for this and other audits could be assessed, and such outcomes could have a material, negative impact on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, including patent infringement claims, which have arisen during the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of such matters is not expected to have a material effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Executive Officers of PC Connection Our executive officers and their ages as of March 3, 2017 are as follows: Name Patricia Gallup Timothy McGrath William Schulze Age 62 58 56 Position Chair and Chief Administrative Officer President and Chief Executive Officer Vice President, Interim Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer Patricia Gallup is a co-founder of PC Connection and has served as Chair of the Board since September 1994, and as Chief Administrative Officer since August 2011. Ms. Gallup has served as a member of our executive management team since 1982. Timothy McGrath has served as Chief Executive Officer since August 2011, and as President since May 2010. Mr. McGrath has served as a member of our executive management team since he joined the Company in 2005. William Schulze has served as Interim Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer since October 2016, and as Vice President and Corporate Controller since October 2011. From December 1998 to October 2011, Mr. Schulze served in various finance management roles at the Company. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 17 Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of PART II Equity Securities Market Information Our common stock commenced trading on March 3, 1998, on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and trades today under the symbol “CNXN.” As of February 27, 2017, there were 26,719,185 shares of our common stock outstanding, held by approximately 61 stockholders of record. This figure does not include an estimate of the number of beneficial holders whose shares are held of record by brokerage firms. The following table sets forth for the fiscal periods indicated the range of high and low sales prices for our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. 2016 High Low Quarter Ended: December 31 September 30 June 30 March 31 Quarter Ended: December 31 September 30 June 30 March 31 $ 29.40 26.89 25.48 25.81 $ 22.81 23.46 22.55 20.02 2015 High Low $ 23.24 $ 19.95 19.50 24.04 22.27 24.82 26.88 26.74 In 2016, we declared a special cash dividend of $0.34 per share. The total cash payment of $9.0 million was made on January 12, 2017 to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 30, 2016. In 2015, we declared a special cash dividend of $0.40 per share. The total cash payment of $10.6 million was made on January 12, 2016 to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 29, 2015. We have no current plans to pay additional cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and declaration of any future cash dividends will depend upon our financial position, strategic plans, and general business conditions. Share Repurchase Authorization On March 28, 2001, our Board of Directors authorized the spending of up to $15.0 million to repurchase our common stock. We consider block repurchases directly from larger stockholders, as well as open market purchases, in carrying out our ongoing stock repurchase program. We did not repurchase any shares in 2015 or 2016. As of December 31, 2016, we have repurchased an aggregate of 1,682,119 shares for $12.2 million under our Board approved 2001 repurchase program. The maximum approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under this Board authorized program is $2.8 million. On February 11, 2014, our Board approved a new share repurchase program authorizing up to $15.0 million in share repurchases. There is no fixed termination date for this repurchase program. Purchases may be made in open-market transactions, block transactions on or off an exchange, or in privately negotiated transactions. We intend to complete the 2001 repurchase program before repurchasing shares under the new program. The timing and amount of any share repurchases will be based on market conditions and other factors. 18 Stock Performance Graph The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, each as amended, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing. The following stock performance graph compares cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock for the period from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2016 with the cumulative total return for (i) the Nasdaq Stock Market Composite and (ii) the Nasdaq Retail Trade Stocks (Peer Group) for the period starting January 1, 2011 and ending December 31, 2016. This graph assumes the investment of $100 on January 1, 2011 in our common stock and in each of the two Nasdaq indices, and that dividends are reinvested. Company Name / Index PC Connection, Inc. Nasdaq Stock Market-Composite Nasdaq Retail Trade (Peer Index) Base Period 11-Dec 12-Dec 100.00 100.00 100.00 Years Ended 13-Dec 14-Dec 15-Dec 16-Dec 107.39 236.13 237.37 222.85 279.87 117.45 164.57 188.84 201.98 219.89 118.24 153.55 170.82 178.67 181.43 19 Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Special charges (1) Income from operations Interest expense Other, net Income before taxes Income tax provision Net income Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Working capital Total assets Short-term debt: 2016 Years Ended December 31, 2015 2013 2014 (dollars in thousands, except per share) 2012 $ 2,692,592 $ 2,573,973 $ 2,463,339 2,139,950 2,232,954 323,389 341,019 2,321,435 371,157 $ 2,221,638 $ 2,158,873 1,876,784 1,928,638 282,089 293,000 $ $ $ 290,637 — 80,520 (67) — 80,453 (32,342) 48,111 $ 262,465 — 78,554 (87) — 78,467 (31,640) 46,827 $ 251,935 — 71,454 (86) ─ 71,368 (28,687) 42,681 233,604 — 59,396 (149) ─ 59,247 (23,565) 35,682 $ 226,322 1,135 54,632 (166) 41 54,507 (21,436) 33,071 $ 1.81 $ 1.80 $ 1.77 $ 1.76 $ 1.63 1.61 $ $ 1.37 $ 1.35 $ 1.25 1.24 2016 2015 As of December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands) 2013 2012 $ 328,917 686,134 $ 330,848 $ 293,449 $ 256,376 500,944 539,960 639,074 $ 222,987 468,323 Current maturities of capital lease obligation to affiliate Total stockholders’ equity Cash dividends declared per share ─ 433,442 0.34 $ ─ 392,451 $ ─ 354,008 ─ 319,829 0.40 989 291,303 0.38 $ 0.40 $ 0.40 $ (1) Special charges in 2012 consisted of $1,135 related to an equity-based award granted upon the retirement of a former executive officer and workforce reductions. 20 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations include the identification of certain trends and other statements that may predict or anticipate future business or financial results that are subject to important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” OVERVIEW We are a national solutions provider of a wide range of information technology, or IT, solutions. We help our customers design, enable, manage, and service their IT environments. We provide IT products, including computer systems, software and peripheral equipment, networking communications, and other products and accessories that we purchase from manufacturers, distributors, and other suppliers. We also offer services involving design, configuration, and implementation of IT solutions. These services are performed by our personnel and by third-party providers. We operate through three sales segments, which serve primarily: (a) small- to medium-sized businesses, or SMBs, through our PC Connection Sales subsidiary, (b) large enterprise customers, in our Large Account segment, through our MoreDirect subsidiary, and (c) federal, state, and local government and educational institutions, in our Public Sector segment, through our GovConnection subsidiary. We generate sales primarily through outbound telemarketing and field sales contacts by account managers focused on the business, education, and government markets, our websites, and inbound calls from customers responding to our catalogs and other advertising media. We seek to recruit, retain, and increase the productivity of our sales personnel through training, mentoring, financial incentives based on performance, and updating and streamlining our information systems to make our operations more efficient. As a value added reseller in the IT supply chain, we do not manufacture IT hardware or software. We are dependent on our suppliers—manufacturers and distributors that historically have sold only to resellers rather than directly to end users. However, certain manufacturers have on multiple occasions attempted to sell directly to our customers, and in some cases, have restricted our ability to sell their products directly to certain customers, thereby attempting to eliminate our role. We believe that the success of these direct sales efforts by suppliers will depend on their ability to meet our customers’ ongoing demands and provide objective, unbiased solutions to meet their needs. We believe more of our customers are seeking comprehensive IT solutions, rather than simply the acquisition of specific IT products. Our advantage is our ability to be product-neutral and provide a broader combination of products, services, and advice tailored to customer needs. By providing customers with customized solutions from a variety of manufacturers, we believe we can mitigate the negative impact of continued direct sales initiatives from individual manufacturers. Through the formation of our ProConnection services group we are able to provide customers complete IT solutions, from identifying their needs, to designing, developing, and managing the integration of products and services to implement their IT projects. Such service offerings carry higher margins than traditional product sales. Additionally, the technical certifications of our service engineers permit us to offer higher-end, more complex products that generally carry higher gross margins. We expect these service offerings and technical certifications to continue to play a role in sales generation and improve gross margins in this competitive environment. The primary challenges we continue to face in effectively managing our business are (1) increasing our revenues while at the same time improving our gross margin in all three segments, (2) recruiting, retaining, and improving the productivity of our sales and technical support personnel, and (3) effectively controlling our selling, general, and administrative, or SG&A, expenses while making major investments in our IT systems and solution selling personnel, especially in relation to changing revenue levels. To support future growth, we are expanding our IT solutions business, which requires the addition of highly-skilled service engineers. Although we expect to realize the ultimate benefit of higher-margin service revenues under this multi- year initiative, we believe that our cost of services will increase as we add service engineers. If our service revenues do not grow enough to offset the cost of these headcount additions, our operating results may decline. 21 Market conditions and technology advances significantly affect the demand for our products and services. Virtual delivery of software products and advanced Internet technology providing customers enhanced functionality have substantially increased customer expectations, requiring us to invest more heavily in our own IT development to meet these new demands. This investment includes significant planned expenditures to update our websites, as buying trends change and electronic commerce continues to grow. Our investments in IT infrastructure are designed to enable us to operate more efficiently and provide our customers enhanced functionality. While we have not yet finalized our decisions regarding the areas of future investment in our IT infrastructure, we expect to increase our capital investments in our IT infrastructure in the next one to three years, which will also likely increase SG&A expenses as assets are placed into service and depreciated. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following table sets forth information derived from our statements of income expressed as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated: Net sales (in millions) Gross margin Selling, general and administrative expenses Income from operations 2016 Years Ended December 31, 2015 $ 2,574.0 2014 $ 2,463.3 $ 2,692.6 13.8 % 10.8 3.0 13.2 % 10.2 3.0 13.1 % 10.2 2.9 Net sales increased in 2016 by $118.6 million, or 4.6%, compared to 2015, due to increased sales in all three of our sales segments. Our investments in advanced solution sales including our acquisition of Softmart in May 2016 led to increased sales of software. In addition, net sales of notebooks/mobility increased as mobility continued to be a strategic focus for customers in all three segments. Gross margin (gross profit expressed as a percentage of net sales) increased significantly due to our focus on increasing sales of higher-margin advanced solution products. SG&A expenses increased in dollars and as a percentage of net sales due to incremental variable compensation associated with higher gross profits, investments in solution sales and support personnel, and the acquisitions in 2016 of Softmart and GlobalServe. Operating income in 2016 increased year over year in dollars, but remained unchanged as a percentage of net sales. Sales Distribution The following table sets forth our percentage of net sales by sales segment and product mix: Years Ended December 31, 2015 2016 2014 Sales Segment SMB Large Account Public Sector Total Product Mix Notebooks/Mobility Software Servers/Storage Net/Com Product Other Hardware/Services Total 40 % 38 22 100 % 41 % 37 22 100 % 42 % 35 23 100 % 23 % 20 10 8 39 100 % 23 % 17 13 9 38 100 % 21 % 16 13 9 41 100 % 22 Gross Profit Margins The following table summarizes our overall gross profit margins, as a percentage of net sales, for the last three years: Sales Segment SMB Large Account Public Sector Total Cost of Sales Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2016 15.8 % 12.8 11.7 13.8 % 15.5 % 12.0 11.3 13.2 % 15.1 % 12.2 10.9 13.1 % Cost of sales includes the invoice cost of the product, direct employee and third party cost of services, direct costs of packaging, inbound and outbound freight, and provisions for inventory obsolescence, adjusted for discounts, rebates, and other vendor allowances. Operating Expenses The following table reflects our more significant operating expenses for the last three years (in millions of dollars): Personnel costs Advertising Facilities operations Professional fees Credit card fees Depreciation and amortization Other, net Total Percentage of net sales Years Ended December 31, 2015 $ 200.5 15.7 12.7 7.5 7.1 9.0 10.0 $ 262.5 2014 $ 189.7 15.7 12.0 7.3 7.7 8.1 11.4 $ 251.9 2016 $ 226.2 16.1 14.2 8.3 6.9 10.5 8.4 $ 290.6 10.8 % 10.2 % 10.2 % Personnel costs increased in 2016 compared to 2015 due to investments in our sales force and solution sales support, increased variable compensation associated with higher gross profits, and the inclusion of the personnel costs of Softmart and GlobalServe since their respective 2016 acquisition dates. Facilities operations increased year over year in 2016 due to the relocation of our Chicago-area facility, as lease expense for the previous facility overlapped the new lease. We will not incur any lease expense in 2017 for the previous facility. 23 YEAR-OVER-YEAR COMPARISONS Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015 Net sales increased by 4.6% to $2,692.6 million in 2016 from $2,574.0 million in 2015. Changes in net sales and gross profit by operating segment are shown in the following table (dollars in millions): Sales: SMB Large Account Public Sector Total Gross Profit: SMB Large Account Public Sector Total Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Amount % of Net Sales Amount % of Net Sales % Change $ 1,091.2 1,012.0 589.4 $ 2,692.6 40.5 % $ 1,040.6 37.6 21.9 100.0 % $ 2,574.0 961.0 572.4 40.5 % 37.3 22.2 100.0 % 4.9 % 5.3 3.0 4.6 % $ 172.4 129.6 69.2 $ 371.2 15.8 % $ 12.8 11.7 13.8 % $ 161.3 115.0 64.7 341.0 6.9 % 15.5 % 12.0 11.3 13.2 % 12.7 7.0 8.8 % • Net sales for the SMB segment increased due to higher software and notebooks/mobility sales. Software sales increased due to our 2016 acquisition of Softmart as well as investments in additional security and software services technical specialists. Net sales of notebooks/mobility products increased as mobility continues to be a strategic focus for SMB customers. • Net sales for the Large Account segment increased due to higher sales of software, accessories, and notebooks/mobility products. Net sales of software for this segment increased year over year by double-digit percentages due to strong demand for security and office productivity tools as well as our 2016 acquisition of Softmart. • Net sales to the Public Sector segment increased due to increased sales to the federal government. Sales to the federal government grew by 16.4% due to higher sales of desktops and notebooks made under federal government contracts, while sales to state and local government and educational institutions decreased by 2.9% due to lower sales to K-12 customers. Sales of notebooks/mobility, desktops, and software increased in this segment, but were partly offset by decreased sales of server/storage products. Gross profit for 2016 increased year over year in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (gross margin), as explained below: • Gross profit for the SMB segment increased due to an increase in net sales and gross margin. Gross margin increased year over year due to higher invoice selling margins (24 basis points) realized on larger sales of higher- margin advance solution sales, as well as an increase in vendor early-payment discounts (3 basis points). • Gross profit for the Large Account segment increased due to an increase in net sales and gross margin. Gross margin increased year over year due to higher invoice selling margins (95 basis points) associated with increased sales of higher-margin software sales, offset by lower agency revenues (32 basis points). • Gross profit for the Public Sector segment increased due to an increase in net sales and gross margin. Invoice selling margins increased by 40 basis points due to increased demand for higher-margin products such as software. 24 Selling, general and administrative expenses in 2016 increased in dollars and as a percentage of net sales compared to the prior year. SG&A expenses attributable to our three operating segments and the remaining unallocated Headquarters/Other group expenses are summarized below (dollars in millions): Years Ended December 31, 2015 2016 SMB Large Account Public Sector Headquarters/Other, unallocated Total Amount $ 130.8 87.1 60.6 12.1 $ 290.6 % of Net Sales Amount 12.0 % $ 118.4 8.6 10.3 73.9 57.8 12.4 10.8 % $ 262.5 % of Net % Sales Change 11.4 % 10.5 % 7.7 10.1 17.9 4.8 (2.4) 10.2 % 10.7 % • SG&A expenses for the SMB segment increased in dollars and as a percentage of net sales. Both increased due to incremental variable compensation associated with higher gross profits, the inclusion of Softmart’s operating expenses, and greater usage of Headquarter services. The increase in Headquarter services was partly related to our investments in technical and engineering support provided to the SMB segment. • SG&A expenses for the Large Account segment increased in dollars and as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A dollars and as a percentage of net sales was due to the inclusion of Softmart’s operating expenses, incremental variable compensation associated with higher gross profits, and higher usage of Headquarter services. The increase in Headquarter services was partly related to our investments in technical and engineering support provided to the Large Account segment. • SG&A expenses for the Public Sector segment increased in dollars and as a percentage of net sales. Both increased due to incremental variable compensation associated with higher gross profits and greater usage of Headquarter services. The increase in Headquarter services was partly related to our investments technical and engineering support provided to the Public Sector segment. • SG&A expenses for the Headquarters/Other group decreased due to an increase in allocated personnel and related costs related to our investments in solution services. The Headquarters/Other group provides services to the three segments in areas such as finance, human resources, IT, marketing, and product management. Most of the operating costs associated with such corporate headquarters services are charged to the operating segments based on their estimated usage of the underlying services. The amounts shown above represent the remaining unallocated costs. Income from operations increased by $2.0 million to $80.5 million in 2016, compared to 2015. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales remained unchanged at 3.0% for 2016 and 2015. The increase in operating income resulted primarily from an increase in gross profits. Income taxes. Our effective tax rate was 40.2% for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to 40.3% for the year ended December 31, 2015. Our tax rate will vary based on income apportionment to certain jurisdictions, valuation reserves, and accounting for uncertain tax positions. However, we do not expect these variations to be significant in 2017. Net income increased by $1.3 million to $48.1 million in 2016, from $46.8 million in 2015, principally due to the increase in operating income. 25 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2014 Net sales increased by 4.5% to $2,574.0 million in 2015 from $2,463.3 million in 2014. Changes in net sales and gross profit by operating segment are shown in the following table (dollars in millions): Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Amount % of Net Sales Amount % of Net Sales % Change Sales: SMB Large Account Public Sector Total Gross Profit: SMB Large Account Public Sector Total $ 1,040.6 961.0 572.4 40.5 % $ 1,037.6 37.3 22.2 850.8 574.9 $ 2,574.0 100.0 % $ 2,463.3 $ 161.3 115.0 64.7 $ 341.0 15.5 % $ 12.0 11.3 13.2 % $ 156.6 104.2 62.6 323.4 0.3 % 42.1 % 34.5 23.4 100.0 % 13.0 (0.4) 4.5 % 3.0 % 15.1 % 12.2 10.9 13.1 % 10.5 3.3 5.5 % • Net sales for the SMB segment increased slightly due to higher notebooks/mobility sales. Sales of desktops in 2014 were high due to the expiration of support for Windows XP software in April 2014. Increased sales of notebooks/mobility, servers/storage, and net/com products for this segment offset the year-over-year decline in desktops. • Net sales for the Large Account segment increased due to our focus on growing advanced solution sales including software and servers/storage products. Software and servers/storage product sales for this segment increased year over year by 27% and 14%, respectively, due to our investment in technical solution engineers and the completion of large software deals. Servers sales increased in part due to the expiration in July 2015 of support for Windows Server 2003 software. • Net sales to the Public Sector segment decreased by 0.4% or $2.5 million. Sales to the federal government increased by 8.7% due to higher sales made under federal government contracts, while state and local government and educational institutions decreased by 4.0% due to lower sales to K-12 customers. Sales of notebooks/mobility increased in this segment, offset by decreased sales of net/com products. Gross profit for 2015 increased year over year in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (gross margin), as explained below: • Gross profit for the SMB segment increased due to an increase in net sales and gross margin. Gross margin increased year over year due to higher invoice selling margins (29 basis points) realized on increased sales of higher- margin net/com and storage products, as well as an increase in vendor early-payment discounts (9 basis points). • Gross profit for the Large Account segment increased due to higher net sales. Gross margin decreased due to lower invoice selling margins (41 basis points) associated with increased sales of lower-margin notebooks/mobility products, offset by higher agency revenues (16 basis points). We receive agency fees from suppliers for certain software and hardware sales which are recorded as revenue with no corresponding cost of goods sold, and accordingly such fees have a positive impact on gross margin. • Gross profit for the Public Sector segment increased despite lower net sales. Invoice selling margins increased by 45 basis points due to increased demand for higher margin products such as software. 26 Selling, general and administrative expenses in 2015 increased in dollars and remained unchanged as a percentage of net sales compared to the prior year. SG&A expenses attributable to our three operating segments and the remaining unallocated Headquarters/Other group expenses are summarized below (dollars in millions): Years Ended December 31, 2014 2015 SMB Large Account Public Sector Headquarters/Other, unallocated Total % of Net Sales % of Net % Sales Amount $ 118.4 73.9 57.8 12.4 $ 262.5 Amount 11.4 % $ 117.0 7.7 10.1 64.9 59.0 11.0 10.2 % $ 251.9 11.3 % 7.6 10.3 Change 1.2 % 13.7 (2.0) 12.7 10.2 % 4..2 % • SG&A expenses for the SMB segment increased slightly in dollars and as a percentage of net sales. Both increased due to incremental variable compensation associated with higher gross profits and greater usage of Headquarter services, but were partially offset by reduced advertising expense. The increase in Headquarter services was partly related to additional technical and engineering support provided to the SMB segment. • SG&A expenses for the Large Account segment increased in dollars and as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A dollars and as a percentage of net sales was due to investments in solution sales and services, incremental variable compensation associated with higher gross profits, and higher usage of Headquarter services. The increase in Headquarter services was partly related to additional technical and engineering support provided to the Large Account segment. • SG&A expenses for the Public Sector segment decreased in dollars and as a percentage of net sales due to a reduction in advertising expense and credit card fees. • SG&A expenses for the Headquarters/Other group increased due to an increase in unallocated personnel and other related costs, including higher executive management oversight costs associated with our improved operating results in 2015. The Headquarters/Other group provides services to the three segments in areas such as finance, human resources, IT, marketing, and product management. Most of the operating costs associated with such corporate headquarters services are charged to the operating segments based on their estimated usage of the underlying services. The amounts shown above represent the remaining unallocated costs. Income from operations increased by $7.1 million to $78.6 million in 2015, from $71.5 million in 2014. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales increased to 3.0% for 2015 from 2.9% in 2014. The increase in operating income resulted primarily from an increase in net sales. Income taxes. Our effective tax rate was 40.3% for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 40.2% for the year ended December 31, 2014. Net income increased by $4.1 million to $46.8 million in 2015 from $42.7 million in 2014, principally due to the increase in operating income. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Liquidity Overview Our primary sources of liquidity have historically been internally generated funds from operations and borrowings under our bank line of credit. We have used those funds to meet our capital requirements, which consist primarily of working capital for operational needs, capital expenditures for computer equipment and software used in our business, repurchases of common stock for treasury, dividend payments, and as opportunities arise, possible acquisitions of new businesses. 27 We believe that funds generated from operations, together with available credit under our bank line of credit, will be sufficient to finance our working capital, capital expenditures, and other requirements for at least the next twelve calendar months. We expect our capital needs for the next twelve months to consist primarily of capital expenditures of $10.0 to $12.0 million and payments on leases and other contractual obligations of approximately $4.5 million. We have undertaken a comprehensive review and assessment of our entire business software needs, including commercially available software that meets, or can be configured to meet, those needs better than our existing software. While we have not finalized our decisions regarding the areas of future investment in our IT infrastructure, the incremental capital costs of such a project, if fully implemented, would likely exceed $20.0 million over the next one to three years. We expect to meet our cash requirements for 2017 through a combination of cash on hand, cash generated from operations, and borrowings on our bank line of credit, as follows: • Cash on Hand. At December 31, 2016, we had $49.2 million in cash and cash equivalents. • Cash Generated from Operations. We expect to generate cash flows from operations in excess of operating cash needs by generating earnings and managing net changes in inventories and receivables with changes in payables to generate a positive cash flow. • Credit Facilities. As of December 31, 2016, no borrowings were outstanding against our $50.0 million bank line of credit, which is available until February 10, 2022. Accordingly, our entire line of credit was available for borrowing at December 31, 2016. This line of credit can be increased, at our option, to $80.0 million for approved acquisitions or other uses authorized by the bank. Borrowings are, however, limited by certain minimum collateral and earnings requirements, as described more fully below. Our ability to continue funding our planned growth, both internally and externally, is dependent upon our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or to obtain additional funds through equity or debt financing, or from other sources of financing, as may be required. While we do not anticipate needing any additional sources of financing to fund our operations at this time, if demand for IT products declines, our cash flows from operations may be substantially affected. See also related risks listed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Summary Sources and Uses of Cash The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash over the last three years (in millions of dollars): Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2016 Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used for investing activities Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents $ $ 33.6 (54.9) (9.7) (31.0) $ $ 30.9 (12.8) 1.2 19.3 $ $ 35.4 (7.6) (9.4) 18.4 Cash provided by operating activities totaled $33.6 million in 2016. Operating cash flow in 2016 resulted primarily from net income before depreciation and amortization and a decrease in inventory, offset partially by an increase in accounts receivable. Accounts receivable increased year over year by $33.8 million primarily due to our $51.0 million increase in sales in the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to the prior year period. Days sales outstanding increased to 48 days at December 31, 2016, from 44 days at December 31, 2015. Inventory decreased year over year by $12.4 million in 2016 due primarily to better inventory management. Inventory days, which is the measure of the average number of days goods remain in inventory before being sold, decreased from 16 days at December 31, 2015, to 13 days at December 31, 2016. Operating cash in 2015 was primarily generated by net income before depreciation and amortization and an increase in accounts payable offset by increases in accounts receivable and inventory. Operating cash in 2014 was primarily generated by net income before depreciation and amortization partially offset by increases in accounts receivable and inventory. 28 At December 31, 2016, we had $177.9 million in outstanding accounts payable. Such accounts are generally paid within 30 days of incurrence, or earlier when favorable cash discounts are offered. This balance will be financed by cash flows from operations or short-term borrowings under the line of credit. This amount includes $33.1 million payable to two financial institutions under inventory trade credit agreements we use to finance our purchase of certain inventory, secured by the inventory which is financed. We believe we will be able to meet our obligations under our accounts payable with cash flows from operations and our existing line of credit. Cash used for investing activities increased $42.1 million in 2016, compared to 2015 due to our acquisitions of Softmart, Inc. and GlobalServe, Inc. Cash used to purchase property and equipment less proceeds from the sale of equipment amounted to $11.9 million in 2016, compared to $12.3 million in 2015, and $7.6 million in 2014, respectively. These expenditures were primarily related to capitalized internally-developed software in connection with the investments in our IT infrastructure, and in 2015, included our investment in a distribution center. The acquisitions of Softmart and GlobalServe represented a net use of cash of $31.9 million and $11.1 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016. Cash used for financing activities decreased $10.9 million in 2016, compared to 2015. Financing uses of cash included dividends of $10.6 million declared in December 2015 and paid in January 2016. Cash provided by financing activities in 2015 related primarily to proceeds of $0.9 million from the issuance of stock under our employee stock purchase plan. Financing uses of cash included dividends of $10.5 million in 2014. In January 2017, the Company paid a dividend of $9.0 million which was declared in December 2016. Debt Instruments, Contractual Agreements, and Related Covenants Below is a summary of certain provisions of our credit facilities and other contractual obligations. For more information about the restrictive covenants in our debt instruments and inventory financing agreements, see “Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity” below. For more information about our obligations, commitments, and contingencies, see our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in this annual report. Bank Line of Credit. Our bank line of credit extends until February 2022 and is collateralized by our accounts receivable. Our borrowing capacity is up to $50.0 million at the one-month London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus a spread based on our funded debt ratio, or in the absence of LIBOR, the prime rate (3.75% at December 31, 2016). The one-month LIBOR rate at December 31, 2016 was 0.77%. In addition, we have the option to increase the facility by an additional $30.0 million to meet additional borrowing requirements. Our credit facility is subject to certain covenant requirements which are described below under “Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity.” We did not have any borrowings under the credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2016. In February of 2017, we renewed our credit facility, extending the expiration date to February 10, 2022, at which time any amounts outstanding become due. The credit facility was renewed with substantially the same terms and conditions as with the preceding agreement. Cash receipts are automatically applied against any outstanding borrowings. Any excess cash on account may either remain on account to generate earned credits to offset up to 100% of cash management fees, or may be invested in short- term qualified investments. Borrowings under the line of credit are classified as current. At December 31, 2016, the entire $50.0 million facility was available for borrowing. Trade Credit Agreements. We have additional security agreements with two financial institutions to facilitate the purchase of inventory from various suppliers under certain terms and conditions. These agreements allow a collateralized first position in certain branded products in our inventory that were financed by these two institutions. Although the agreements provide for up to 100% financing on the purchase price of these products, up to an aggregate of $65.0 million, any outstanding financing must be fully secured by available inventory. We do not pay any interest or discount fees on such inventory. The related costs are borne by the suppliers as an incentive for us to purchase their products. Amounts outstanding under such facilities, which equaled $33.1 million in the aggregate as of December 31, 29 2016, are recorded in accounts payable. The inventory financed is classified as inventory on the consolidated balance sheet. Contractual Obligations. The following table sets forth information with respect to our long-term obligations payable in cash as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands): Contractual Obligations: Operating lease obligations (1) Payments Due By Period Total Less Than 1 – 3 Years 1 Year 3 – 5 Years More Than 5 Years $ 17,910 4,454 6,350 3,808 3,298 (1) Excluding taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance charges. Due to the uncertainty with respect to the timing of future cash flows associated with our unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2016, we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the period of cash settlement with the respective taxing authority. Therefore, $1.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, have been excluded from the contractual obligations table above. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion on income taxes. Operating Leases. We lease facilities from our principal stockholders and facilities from third parties under non- cancelable operating leases. Certain leases require us to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance charges. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. We do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources that is material to investors. Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity Internally Generated Funds. The key factors affecting our internally generated funds are our ability to manage costs and fully achieve our operating efficiencies, timely collection of our customer receivables, and management of our inventory levels. Bank Line of Credit. Our bank line of credit extends until February 2022 and is collateralized by our accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2016, the entire $50.0 million facility was available for borrowing. Our credit facility contains certain financial ratios and operational covenants and other restrictions (including restrictions on additional debt, guarantees, and other distributions, investments, and liens) with which we and all of our subsidiaries must comply. Any failure to comply with these covenants would constitute a default and could prevent us from borrowing additional funds under this line of credit. This credit facility contains two financial tests: • The funded debt ratio (defined as the average outstanding advances under the line for the quarter, divided by the consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing four quarters) must not be more than 2.0 to 1.0. We did not have any outstanding borrowings under the credit facility during the fourth quarter of 2015, and accordingly, the funded debt ratio did not limit potential borrowings as of December 31, 2016. Future decreases in our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, however, could limit our potential borrowings under the credit facility. • Minimum Consolidated Net Worth must be at least $250.0 million, plus 50% of consolidated net income for each quarter, beginning with the quarter ended March 31, 2012 (loss quarters not counted). Such amount was calculated at December 31, 2016, as $353.2 million, whereas our actual consolidated stockholders’ equity at this date was $433.4 million. Under our renewed credit facility, Minimum Consolidated Net Worth must be at least $346.7 million, plus 50% of consolidated net income for each quarter, beginning with the quarter ended December 31, 2016. 30 Trade Credit Agreements. These agreements contain similar financial ratios and operational covenants and restrictions as those contained in our bank line of credit described above. Such agreements also contain cross-default provisions whereby a default under the bank agreement would also constitute a default under these agreements. Financing under these agreements is limited to the purchase of specific branded products from authorized suppliers, and amounts outstanding must be fully collateralized by inventories of those products on hand. The net amount outstanding under such agreements as of December 31, 2016 was $33.1 million. Capital Markets. Our ability to raise additional funds in the capital market depends upon, among other things, general economic conditions, the condition of the information technology industry, our financial performance and stock price, and the state of the capital markets. APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES A “critical accounting policy” has been defined as one that is both important to the portrayal of the registrant’s financial condition and results and requires management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Further, “critical accounting policies” are those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that our accounting policies described below fit the definition of “critical accounting policies.” Revenue Recognition Revenue on product sales is recognized at the point in time when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, delivery has occurred, and there is a reasonable assurance of collection of the sales proceeds. We generally obtain oral or written purchase authorizations from our customers for a specified amount of product at a specified price. Because we either (i) have a general practice of covering customer losses while products are in-transit despite title transferring at the point of shipment or (ii) have FOB–destination shipping terms specifically set out in our arrangements with federal agencies and certain commercial customers, delivery is deemed to have occurred at the point in time when the product is received by the customer. We use product delivery information regarding shipments at or near the end of the reporting period to estimate the products that have not reached the destination and recognize those revenues in the following period. This process requires us to make estimates of product that is in transit at the reporting date. These estimates are derived from current and historic shipping documentation and the volume of sales. The impact of the deferral of these revenues has not been material in the periods presented. We provide our customers with a limited thirty-day right of return generally limited to defective merchandise. Revenue is recognized at delivery and a reserve for sales returns is recorded. We make reasonable and reliable estimates of product returns based on significant historical experience and record our sales reserves as a reduction of revenues and either as offsets to accounts receivable or, for customers who have already paid, as offsets to accrued expenses. At December 31, 2016, we recorded sales reserves of $3.7 million and $0.2 million as components of accounts receivable and accrued expenses, respectively. At December 31, 2015, we recorded sales reserves of $3.2 million and $0.2 million as components of accounts receivable and accrued expenses, respectively. All amounts billed to a customer in a sales transaction related to shipping and handling, if any, represent revenues earned for the goods provided, and these amounts have been classified as “net sales.” Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as “cost of sales.” Sales are reported net of sales, use, or other transaction taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities. We use our own engineering personnel in projects involving the design and installation of systems and networks, and we also engage third-party service providers to perform warranty maintenance, implementations, asset disposals, and other services. This service revenue represents a small percentage of our consolidated revenue. We evaluate such engagements to determine whether we or the third party assumes the general risk and reward of ownership in these transactions. For those transactions in which we do not assume the risk and reward but instead act as an agent, we recognize the transaction revenue on a net basis. Under net sales recognition, the cost of the third party is recorded as a 31 reduction to the selling price, resulting in net sales being equal to the gross profit on the transaction. In those engagements in which we are the principal and primary obligor, we report the sale on a gross basis, and the cost of the service provider is recognized in cost of goods sold. Similarly, we recognize revenue from agency sales transactions on a net sales basis. In agency sales transactions, we facilitate product sales by equipment and software manufacturers directly to our customers and receive agency, or referral, fees for such transactions. We do not take title to the products or assume any maintenance or return obligations in these transactions; title is passed directly from the supplier to our customer. Amounts recognized on a net basis included in net sales for such third-party services and agency sales transactions were $30.2 million, $24.2 million, and $25.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. In certain revenue arrangements, our contracts require that we provide multiple units of hardware, software, or services deliverables. Under these multiple-element arrangements, each service performed and product delivered is considered a separate deliverable and qualifies as a separate unit of accounting. For multiple element arrangements, we allocate revenue based on vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value of the underlying services and products. If we were to enter into a multiple element arrangement in which vendor-specific objective evidence was not available, we would utilize third-party evidence to allocate the selling price. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third- party evidence was available, we would estimate the selling price based on market price and company specific factors. Revenue is recognized when the product or service is delivered, consistent with our general revenue recognition policy. Accounts Receivable We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and customers’ current creditworthiness. Our allowance is generally computed by (1) applying specific percentage reserves on accounts that are past due, and (2) specifically reserving for customers known to be in financial difficulty. Therefore, if the financial condition of certain of our customers were to deteriorate, or if we noted there was a lengthening of the timing of the settlement of receivables that was symptomatic of a general deterioration in the ability of our customers to pay, we would have to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts. This would negatively impact our earnings. Our cash flows would be impacted to the extent that receivables could not be collected. In addition to accounts receivable from customers, we record receivables from our vendors/suppliers for cooperative advertising, price protection, supplier reimbursements, rebates, and other similar arrangements. A portion of such receivables is estimated based on information available from our vendors at discrete points in time. While such estimates have historically approximated actual cash received, a change in estimates could give rise to a reduction in the receivable. This could negatively impact our earnings and our cash flows. Considerable judgment is used in assessing the ultimate realization of customer receivables and vendor/supplier receivables, including reviewing the financial stability of a customer, vendor information, and gauging current market conditions. If our evaluations are incorrect, we may incur additional charges in the future on our consolidated statements of income. Our trade receivables are charged off in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously charged are recorded when received. Write offs of customer and vendor receivables totaled $0.3 million in 2016, and $1.0 million in 2015. Vendor Allowances We receive allowances from merchandise vendors for price protections, discounts, product rebates, and other programs. These allowances are treated as a reduction of the vendor’s prices and are recorded as adjustments to cost of sales or inventory, as applicable. We also receive vendor co-op advertising funding for our catalogs and other programs. Vendors have the ability to place advertisements in the catalogs or fund other advertising activities for which we receive advertising allowances. These vendor allowances, to the extent that they represent specific reimbursements of incremental and identifiable costs, are offset against SG&A expense on the consolidated statements of income. Advertising allowances that cannot be associated with a specific program funded by an individual vendor or that exceed 32 the fair value of advertising expense associated with that program are classified as offsets to cost of sales or inventory. Our vendor partners generally consolidate their funding of advertising and other marketing programs, and as a result, we classify substantially all vendor allowances as a reduction of cost of inventory purchases rather than a reduction of advertising expense. Inventories Inventories (all finished goods) consisting of software packages, computer systems, and peripheral equipment are stated at cost (determined under a weighted-average cost method which approximates the first-in, first-out method) or market, whichever is lower. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed regularly, and provisions are made for obsolete, slow moving, and non-saleable inventory, based primarily on management’s forecast of customer demand for those products in inventory. The IT industry is characterized by rapid technological change and new product development that could result in increased obsolescence of inventory on hand. Increased obsolescence or decreased customer demand beyond management’s expectations could require additional provisions, which could negatively impact our earnings. Our obsolescence charges have ranged between $4.0 million and $5.3 million per annum. Historically, there have been no unusual charges precipitated by specific technological or forecast issues. Value of Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets, Including Intangibles We carry a variety of long-lived assets on our consolidated balance sheet. These are all currently classified as held for use. These include property and equipment, identifiable intangibles, and goodwill. An impairment review is undertaken on (1) an annual basis for goodwill and an indefinite-lived intangible; and (2) on an event-driven basis for all long-lived assets when facts and circumstances suggest that cash flows from such assets may be diminished. We have historically reviewed the carrying value of all these assets based partly on our projections of anticipated cash flows. These projections are, in part, dependent upon anticipated market conditions, operational performance, and legal status. Any impairment charge that is recorded negatively impacts our earnings. Cash flows are generally not impacted by an impairment charge. We complete our annual impairment test of goodwill and the indefinite-lived domain name on the first day of each year. The two-step quantitative test for goodwill requires, under the first step, that we determine the fair value of the reporting unit holding goodwill and compare it to the reporting unit’s carrying value. We determine the fair value of a reporting unit by preparing a discounted cash flow analysis using projections of the reporting unit’s future operating results, as well as consideration of market valuation approaches. Our Large Account and SMB segments hold $66.2 million and $7.4 million of goodwill, respectively. We concluded that the fair values of the two reporting units and the domain name each substantially exceeded the respective carrying value, and accordingly, an impairment was not identified in the annual test. While we believe that our estimates of fair value are reasonable, different assumptions regarding items such as future cash flows and the volatility inherent in markets which we serve could materially affect our valuations and result in impairment charges against the carrying values of those remaining assets in our Large Account and SMB segments. Please see Note 3, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this report for a discussion of the significant assumptions used in our discounted cash flow analysis. RECENTLY ISSUED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Recently issued financial accounting standards are detailed in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. INFLATION We have historically offset any inflation in operating costs by a combination of increased productivity and price increases, where appropriate. We do not expect inflation to have a significant impact on our business in the foreseeable future. 33 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk We invest cash balances in excess of operating requirements in short-term securities, generally with maturities of 90 days or less. In addition, our unsecured credit agreement provides for borrowings which bear interest at variable rates based on LIBOR plus a spread or the prime rate. We believe the effect, if any, of reasonably possible near-term changes in interest rates on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows should not be material. Our credit agreement exposes earnings to changes in short-term interest rates since interest rates on the underlying obligations are variable. We did not have any borrowings against our line of credit during the year ended December 31, 2016. Accordingly, the change in earnings resulting from a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in interest rates is not applicable. Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The information required by this Item is included in this Report beginning at page F-1. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Not applicable. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as described above. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention 34 or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we acquired substantially all of the assets Softmart, Inc. on May 27, 2016 in an asset purchase agreement, whose financial statements reflect total assets and revenue constituting 7% and 4% respectively, of the Company's consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016. As a result of the timing of the acquisition and as permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, management has excluded internal controls at Softmart from its assessment of the internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. Based on our assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm has issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. This report appears below. 35 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of PC Connection, Inc. Merrimack, New Hampshire We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of PC Connection, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Softmart, which was acquired on May 27, 2016 and whose financial statements reflect total assets and revenues constituting 7% and 4%, respectively, of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Softmart. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 of the Company and our report dated March 3, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Boston, Massachusetts March 3, 2017 36 Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a – 15(f) and 15d – 15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2016, which has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other information None. 37 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance PART III The information included under the headings, “Executive Officers of PC Connection” in Item 3 of Part I hereof and “Election of Directors,” “Information Concerning Directors, Nominees, and Executive Officers,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy,” and “Board Committees – Audit Committee” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 17, 2017 (the “Proxy Statement”) is incorporated herein by reference. We anticipate filing the Proxy Statement within 120 days after December 31, 2016. With the exception of the foregoing information and other information specifically incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not being filed as a part hereof. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information included under the headings “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information included under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information included under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Director Independence” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information included under the heading “Principal Accounting Fees and Services” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. 38 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) List of Documents Filed as Part of this Report: (1) Consolidated Financial Statements The consolidated financial statements listed below are included in this document. Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Income Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page References F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 (2) Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule: The following Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule, as set forth below, is filed with this report: Schedule Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Page Reference S-1 All other schedules have been omitted because they are either not applicable or the relevant information has already been disclosed in the financial statements. (3) The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index in Item 15(b) below are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (b) Exhibits The exhibits listed below are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference to other filings. 39 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibits 3.1(5) 3.2(10) 4.1(1) 9.1(1)* 10.1(1)* 10.2(4)* 10.3(21)* 10.4(23)* 10.5(9)* 10.6(9)* 10.7(15)* 10.8(15)* 10.9(17) 10.10(19)* 10.11(1)* 10.12(11)* 10.13(7) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, as amended. Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant. Form of specimen certificate for shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Registrant. Form of 1998 PC Connection Voting Trust Agreement among the Registrant, Patricia Gallup individually and as a trustee, and David Hall individually and as trustee. Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant, Patricia Gallup, David Hall, and the 1998 PC Connection Voting Trust. Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Incentive Plan. Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended. Amended and Restated 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended. Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement for 2007 Stock Incentive Plan. Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement for 2007 Stock Incentive Plan. Amended and Restated Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Incentive Plan. Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Incentive Plan. Form of Stock Equivalent Unit Agreement for 2007 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan. Executive Bonus Plan, as amended. Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 1998, between the Registrant and Patricia Gallup. Employment Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2008, between the Registrant and Timothy McGrath. Agreement for Inventory Financing, dated as of October 31, 2002, by and among the Registrant, Merrimack Services Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit Corporation. 10.14(7) Guaranty, dated as of November 14, 2002, entered into by Registrant in connection with the Agreement for Inventory Financing, dated as of October 31, 2002, by and among the Registrant, Merrimack Services Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit Corporation. 10.15(7) Guaranty, dated as of November 14, 2002, entered into by PC Connection Sales Corporation in connection with the Agreement for Inventory Financing, dated as of October 31, 2002, by and among the Registrant, Merrimack Services Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit Corporation. 10.16(7) Acknowledgement, Waiver, and Amendment to Agreement for Inventory Financing, dated as of 10.17(8) 10.18(8) 10.19(18) 10.20(18) 10.21(18) 10.22 10.23 November 25, 2003, by and among the Registrant, Merrimack Services Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. Second Amendment, dated May 9, 2004, to the Agreement for Inventory Financing between the Registrant and its subsidiaries Merrimack Services Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. Third Amendment, dated May 27, 2005, to the Agreement for Inventory Financing between the Registrant and its subsidiaries Merrimack Services Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. Fourth Amendment, dated May 11, 2006, to the Agreement for Inventory Financing between the Registrant and its subsidiaries Merrimack Services Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. Fifth Amendment, dated September 19, 2010, to the Agreement for Inventory Financing between the Registrant and its subsidiaries Merrimack Services Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. Sixth Amendment, dated January 10, 2012, to the Agreement for Inventory Financing between the Registrant and its subsidiaries GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. Seventh Amendment, dated July 16, 2014, to the Agreement for Inventory Financing between the Registrant and its subsidiaries GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. Eighth Amendment, dated July 13, 2015, to the Agreement for Inventory Financing between the Registrant and its subsidiaries GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. 40 10.24 10.25 Ninth Amendment, dated January 4, 2017, to the Agreement for Inventory Financing between the Registrant and its subsidiaries GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and IBM Credit LLC. Agreement for Credit, dated January 1, 2014, by and among the Registrant, and its subsidiaries PC 10.26(16) 10.27 10.28(24) Connection Sales Corporation, GovConnection, Inc., and MoreDirect, Inc., and Castle Pines Capital LLC. Third Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement, dated February 24, 2012, among Citizens Bank of Massachusetts, as lender and as agent, other financial institutions party thereto from time to time, as lenders, PC Connection, Inc., as borrower, GovConnection, Inc., PC Connection Sales Corporation, MoreDirect, Inc., and Professional Computer Center, Inc., each as guarantors. First Amendment, dated December 24, 2013, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement, among Citizens Bank of Massachusetts, as lender and as agent, other financial institutions party thereto from time to time, as lenders, PC Connection, Inc., as borrower, GovConnection, Inc., PC Connection Sales Corporation, MoreDirect, Inc., and Professional Computer Center, Inc., each as guarantors. Second Amendment, dated February 10, 2017, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement, among Citizens Bank of Massachusetts, as lender and as agent, other financial institutions party thereto from time to time, as lenders, PC Connection, Inc., as borrower, GovConnection, Inc., PC Connection Sales Corporation, MoreDirect, Inc., and Professional Computer Center, Inc., each as guarantors. 10.29(1) Amended and Restated Lease between the Registrant and G&H Post, LLC, dated December 29, 1997, for property located at Route 101A, Merrimack, New Hampshire. 10.30(2) Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Lease between the Registrant and G&H Post, LLC, dated 10.31(14) Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Lease between the Registrant and G&H Post, LLC, dated December 29, 1998, for property located at Route 101A, Merrimack, New Hampshire. 10.32(20) 10.33(12) 10.34(22) 10.35(3) 10.36(3) 10.37(3) 10.38(3) 10.39(6) 10.40(8) 10.41(13) 10.42(17) 21.1 23.1 December 29, 1998, for property located at Route 101A, Merrimack, New Hampshire. Amendment No. 3, dated May 9, 2014, to Amended and Restated Lease between the Registrant and G&H Post, LLC, dated December 29, 1998, for property located at Route 101A, Merrimack, New Hampshire. Lease between the Merrimack Services Corporation and G&H Post LLC, dated August 11, 2008, for property located at Merrimack, New Hampshire. Lease Agreement between the Registrant and Wilmington Investors, LLC, dated August 27, 2014, for property located at 3188 Progress Way, Building 11, Wilmington, Ohio. Lease between ComTeq Federal, Inc. and Rockville Office/Industrial Associates dated December 14, 1993, for property located at 7503 Standish Place, Rockville, Maryland. First Amendment, dated November 1, 1996, to the Lease Agreement between ComTeq Federal, Inc. and Rockville Office/Industrial Associates, dated December 14, 1993, for property located in Rockville, Maryland. Second Amendment, dated March 31, 1998, to the Lease Agreement between ComTeq Federal, Inc. and Rockville Office/Industrial Associates, dated December 14, 1993, for property located in Rockville, Maryland. Third Amendment, dated August 31, 2000, to the Lease Agreement between ComTeq Federal, Inc. and Rockville Office/Industrial Associates, dated December 14, 1993, property located in Rockville, Maryland. Fourth Amendment, dated November 20, 2002, to the Lease Agreement between GovConnection, Inc. (formerly known as ComTeq Federal, Inc.) and Metro Park I, LLC (formerly known as Rockville Office/Industrial Associates), dated December 14, 1993, for property located in Rockville, Maryland. Fifth Amendment, dated December 12, 2005, to the Lease Agreement between GovConnection, Inc. and Metro Park I, LLC, dated December 14, 1993, for property located in Rockville, Maryland. Sixth Amendment, dated September 18, 2008, to the Lease Agreement between GovConnection, Inc. and Metro Park I, LLC, dated December 14, 1993, for property located in Rockville, Maryland. Seventh Amendment, dated May 21, 2012, to the Lease Agreement between GovConnection, Inc. and Metro Park I, LLC, dated December 14, 1993, for property located in Rockville, Maryland. Subsidiaries of Registrant. Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP. 41 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Certification of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of the Company’s Vice President, and Interim Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of the Company’s Vice President, and Interim Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS ** XBRL Instance Document. 101.SCH ** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL ** XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.LAB ** XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document. 101.PRE ** XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF ** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. (1) Incorporated by reference from the exhibits filed with the Company’s registration statement (333-41171) on Form S- 1 filed under the Securities Act of 1933. (2) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, File Number 0- 23827, filed on March 31, 1999. (3) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, File Number 0- 23827, filed on March 30, 2001. (4) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s proxy statement pursuant to Section 14(a), File Number 0-23827, filed on April 17, 2001. (5) Incorporated by reference from the exhibits filed with the Company’s registration statement (333-63272) on Form S- 4 filed under the Securities Act of 1933. (6) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, File Number 0- 23827, filed on March 31, 2003. (7) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, File Number 0- 23827, filed on March 30, 2004. (8) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, File Number 0-23827, filed on March 30, 2006. (9) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 10, 2007. (10) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s current report on Form 8-K, filed on January 9, 2008. (11) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 12, 2008. (12) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 11, 2008. (13) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 10, 2008. (14) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, File Number 0-23827, filed on March 16, 2009. (15) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 10, 2010. (16) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, File Number 0-23827, filed on February 28, 2012. (17) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 8, 2012. (18) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's annual report on Form 10-K, File Number 0- 23827, filed on March 4, 2013. (19) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s current report on Form 8-K, filed on May 29, 2013. 42 (20) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 9, 2014. (21) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's current report on Form 8-K, filed on May 27, 2014. (22) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on October 31, 2014. (23) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s current report on Form 8-K, filed on May 21, 2015. (24) Incorporated by reference from exhibits filed with the Company’s current report on Form 8-K, filed on February 16, 2017. * Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. ** Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 43 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: March 3, 2017 PC CONNECTION, INC. By: /s/ TIMOTHY MCGRATH Timothy McGrath President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Name Title Date /s/ TIMOTHY MCGRATH Timothy McGrath /s/ WILLIAM SCHULZE William Schulze /s/ PATRICIA GALLUP Patricia Gallup /s/ JOSEPH BAUTE Joseph Baute /s/ DAVID BEFFA-NEGRINI David Beffa-Negrini /s/ BARBARA DUCKETT Barbara Duckett /s/ JACK FERGUSON Jack Ferguson /s/ DAVID HALL David Hall President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) March 3, 2017 Vice President, Interim Treasurer and Chief March 3, 2017 Financial Officer Chairman of the Board March 3, 2017 Vice Chairman of the Board March 3, 2017 March 3, 2017 March 3, 2017 March 3, 2017 March 3, 2017 Director Director Director Director 44 PC CONNECTION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of PC Connection, Inc. Merrimack, New Hampshire We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PC Connection, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of PC Connection, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 3, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Boston, Massachusetts March 3, 2017 F-2 PC CONNECTION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (amounts in thousands, except per share data) ASSETS Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventories Income taxes receivable Prepaid expenses and other current assets Deferred income taxes Total current assets Property and equipment, net Goodwill Other intangibles, net Other assets Total Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current Liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other liabilities Accrued payroll Total current liabilities Deferred income taxes Other liabilities Total Liabilities Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11) Stockholders’ Equity: Preferred Stock, $.01 par value, 10,000 shares authorized, none issued Common Stock, $.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 28,465 and 28,353 issued, 26,609 and 26,498 outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Treasury stock at cost, 1,856 shares at December 31, 2016 and 2015 Total Stockholders’ Equity Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity See notes to consolidated financial statements. December 31, 2016 2015 49,180 $ 411,883 90,535 2,120 5,453 — 559,171 39,402 73,602 12,586 1,373 $ 686,134 80,188 $ 356,145 102,780 1,575 4,254 7,909 552,851 32,227 51,276 1,668 1,052 $ 639,074 $ 177,862 31,047 21,345 230,254 19,602 2,836 252,692 $ 166,516 36,207 19,280 222,003 21,615 3,005 246,623 ─ ─ 285 111,081 337,938 (15,862) 433,442 $ 686,134 284 109,161 298,868 (15,862) 392,451 $ 639,074 F-3 PC CONNECTION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (amounts in thousands, except per share data) Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Income from operations Interest expense Income before taxes Income tax provision Net income Earnings per common share: Basic Diluted Shares used in computation of earnings per common share: Basic Diluted Years Ended December 31, 2016 $ 2,692,592 2,321,435 371,157 290,637 80,520 (67) 80,453 (32,342) 48,111 $ 2015 2014 $ 2,573,973 $ 2,463,339 2,139,950 2,232,954 323,389 341,019 251,935 262,465 71,454 78,554 (86) (87) 71,368 78,467 (28,687) (31,640) 42,681 46,827 $ $ $ $ 1.81 1.80 $ $ 1.77 $ 1.76 $ 1.63 1.61 26,528 26,719 26,398 26,616 26,246 26,512 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-4 PC CONNECTION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (amounts in thousands) Balance - January 1, 2014 Issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan Stock-based compensation expense Nonvested stock awards Shares withheld for taxes paid on stock awards Tax benefit from stock-based compensation Dividend payment Net income Balance - December 31, 2014 Issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan Stock-based compensation expense Nonvested stock awards Shares withheld for taxes paid on stock awards Tax benefit from stock-based compensation Dividend declaration Net income Balance - December 31, 2015 Issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan Stock-based compensation expense Nonvested stock awards Shares withheld for taxes paid on stock awards Tax benefit from stock-based compensation Dividend declaration Net income Balance - December 31, 2016 Common Stock Shares Amount Paid-In Capital Earnings Shares Amount Total Treasury Shares Additional Retained 28,056 49 $ 281 ─ $ 104,932 356 $ 230,478 ─ (1,856) ─ $ (15,862) $ 319,829 356 ─ 35 ─ 59 ─ ─ ─ ─ 28,199 41 39 — 74 — — — — 28,353 11 39 — 62 — — — — 28,465 ─ ─ 1 ─ ─ ─ ─ 282 1 — — 1 — — — — 284 — — — 1 — — — — 285 $ $ 753 929 (1) (578) 565 ─ ─ 106,956 436 875 994 (1) (660) 561 — — 109,161 135 961 1,049 (1) (737) 513 — — 111,081 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ — — — — — ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ (1,856) ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ (1,856) — ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ (15,862) ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ (15,862) — 753 929 ─ (578) 565 (10,527) 42,681 354,008 437 875 994 — (660) 561 (10,591) 46,827 392,451 135 (10,527) 42,681 262,632 — (10,591) 46,827 298,868 — — — — — — (9,041) 48,111 $ 337,938 — — — — — — — (1,856) — — — — — — — 961 1,049 — (737) 513 (9,041) 48,111 $ (15,862) $ 433,442 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-5 PC CONNECTION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (amounts in thousands) Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2016 Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation expense Provision for doubtful accounts Deferred income taxes Loss on disposal of fixed assets Excess tax benefit from exercise of equity awards Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Other non-current assets Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Cash paid for acquisitions Purchases of property and equipment Purchase of intangible assets Proceeds from sale of equipment Net cash used for investing activities Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Dividend payment Issuance of stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan Excess tax benefit from exercise of equity awards Exercise of stock options Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities: Accrued capital expenditures Dividend declaration Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Income taxes paid $ 48,111 $ 46,827 $ 42,681 10,453 1,049 360 3,506 92 (513) (33,835) 12,401 (1,274) (321) (3,012) (3,431) 33,586 8,961 994 1,097 2,652 44 (552) 8,092 929 1,383 1,212 14 (556) (64,215) (11,863) (285) (328) 41,324 6,206 30,862 (11,359) (11,776) 1,829 (4) 202 2,751 35,398 (42,990) (11,885) — — (54,875) — (12,337) (450) — (12,787) — (7,609) — 13 (7,596) (10,591) 961 513 135 — 875 552 437 (10,527) 753 556 356 (737) (9,719) (31,008) 80,188 $ 49,180 (578) (660) (9,440) 1,204 18,362 19,279 42,547 60,909 $ 80,188 $ 60,909 109 9,041 504 10,591 205 — $ 29,740 $ 30,371 $ 24,219 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-6 PC CONNECTION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (amounts in thousands, except per share data) 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES We are a national solutions provider of a wide range of information technology (“IT”) solutions. We help our customers design, enable, manage, and service their IT environments. We provide IT products, including computer systems, software and peripheral equipment, networking communications, and other products and accessories that we purchase from manufacturers, distributors, and other suppliers. We also offer services involving design, configuration, and implementation of IT solutions. These services are performed by our personnel and by third-party providers. We operate through three sales segments, which serve primarily: (a) small- to medium-sized businesses, in our SMB segment, through our PC Connection Sales subsidiary, (b) large enterprise customers, in our Large Account segment, through our MoreDirect subsidiary, and (c) federal, state, and local government and educational institutions, in our Public Sector segment, through our GovConnection subsidiary. The following is a summary of our significant accounting policies: Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PC Connection, Inc. and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts and disclosures of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts and disclosures of revenue and expenses during the period. By nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Revenue Recognition Revenue on product sales is recognized at the point in time when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, delivery has occurred, and there is a reasonable assurance of collection of the sales proceeds. We generally obtain oral or written purchase authorizations from our customers for a specified amount of product at a specified price. Because we either (i) have a general practice of covering customer losses while products are in-transit despite title transferring at the point of shipment or (ii) have FOB–destination shipping terms specifically set out in our arrangements with federal agencies and certain commercial customers, delivery is deemed to have occurred at the point in time when the product is received by the customer. We provide our customers with a limited thirty-day right of return generally limited to defective merchandise. Revenue is recognized at delivery and a reserve for sales returns is recorded. We make reasonable and reliable estimates of product returns based on significant historical experience and record our sales reserves as a reduction of revenues and either as offsets to accounts receivable or, for customers who have already paid, as offsets to accrued expenses. At December 31, 2016, we recorded sales reserves of $3,709 and $220 as components of accounts receivable and accrued expenses, respectively. At December 31, 2015, we recorded sales reserves of $3,235 and $178 as components of accounts receivable and accrued expenses, respectively. All amounts billed to a customer in a sales transaction related to shipping and handling, if any, represent revenues earned for the goods provided, and these amounts have been classified as “net sales.” Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as “cost of sales.” Sales are reported net of sales, use, or other transaction taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities. F-7 We use our own engineering personnel in projects involving the design and installation of systems and networks, and we also engage third-party service providers to perform warranty maintenance, implementations, asset disposals, and other services. This service revenue represents a small percentage of our consolidated revenue. We evaluate such engagements to determine whether we or the third party assumes the general risk and reward of ownership in these transactions. For those transactions in which we do not assume the risk and reward but instead act as an agent, we recognize the transaction revenue on a net basis. Under net sales recognition, the cost of the third party is recorded as a reduction to the selling price, resulting in net sales being equal to the gross profit on the transaction. In those engagements in which we are the principal and primary obligor, we report the sale on a gross basis, and the cost of the service provider is recognized in cost of goods sold. Similarly, we recognize revenue from agency sales transactions on a net sales basis. In agency sales transactions, we facilitate product sales by equipment and software manufacturers directly to our customers and receive agency, or referral, fees for such transactions. We do not take title to the products or assume any maintenance or return obligations in these transactions; title is passed directly from the supplier to our customer. Amounts recognized on a net basis included in net sales for such third-party services and agency sales transactions were $30,234, $24,158, and $25,696 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. In certain revenue arrangements, our contracts require that we provide multiple units of hardware, software, or services deliverables. Under these multiple-element arrangements, each service performed and product delivered is considered a separate deliverable and qualifies as a separate unit of accounting. For material multiple element arrangements, we allocate revenue based on vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value of the underlying services and products. If we were to enter into a multiple element arrangement in which vendor-specific objective evidence was not available, we would utilize third-party evidence to allocate the selling price. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence was available, we would estimate the selling price based on market price and company specific factors. Cost of Sales and Certain Other Costs Cost of sales includes the invoice cost of the product, direct employee and third party cost of services, direct costs of packaging, inbound and outbound freight, and provisions for inventory obsolescence, adjusted for discounts, rebates, and other vendor allowances. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of our cash equivalents approximates fair value. The majority of payments due from credit card processors and banks for third-party credit card and debit card transactions process within one to five business days. All credit card and debit card transactions that process in less than seven days are classified as cash and cash equivalents. Amounts due from banks for credit card transactions classified as cash equivalents totaled $4,345 and $6,786 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Accounts Receivable We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based on payment history and customer creditworthiness. We maintain an allowance for estimated doubtful accounts based on our historical experience and the customer credit issues identified. Our customers do not post collateral for open accounts receivable. We monitor collections regularly and adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts as necessary to recognize any changes in credit exposure. Trade receivables are written off in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously charged are recorded when received. F-8 Inventories Inventories (all finished goods) consisting of software packages, computer systems, and peripheral equipment, are stated at cost (determined under a weighted-average cost method which approximates the first-in, first-out method) or market, whichever is lower. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed regularly, and allowances are maintained for obsolete, slow moving, and nonsalable inventory. Vendor Consideration We receive funding from merchandise vendors for price protections, discounts, product rebates, and other programs. These allowances are treated as a reduction of the vendor’s prices and are recorded as adjustments to cost of sales or inventory, as applicable. Allowances for product rebates that require certain volumes of product sales or purchases are recorded as the related milestones are probable of being met. Advertising Costs and Vendor Consideration Costs of producing and distributing catalogs are charged to expense in the period in which the catalogs are first circulated. Other advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Vendors have the ability to place advertisements in our catalogs or fund other advertising activities for which we receive advertising consideration. This vendor consideration, to the extent that it represents specific reimbursements of incremental and identifiable costs, is offset against SG&A expenses. Advertising consideration that cannot be associated with a specific program or that exceeds the fair value of advertising expense associated with that program is classified as an offset to cost of sales. Our vendor partners generally consolidate their funding of advertising and other marketing programs, and accordingly, we classify substantially all vendor consideration as a reduction of cost of sales rather than a reduction of advertising expense. Advertising expense, which is classified as a component of SG&A expenses, totaled $16,083, $15,689, and $15,767, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is provided for financial reporting purposes over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from three to seven years. Computer software, including licenses and internally developed software, is capitalized and amortized over lives ranging from three to seven years. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements and facilities under capital leases are amortized over the terms of the related leases or their useful lives, whichever is shorter, whereas for income tax reporting purposes, they are amortized over the applicable tax lives. Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage are recorded in property and equipment at cost. External direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software and payroll-related costs for employees developing internal-use computer software projects, to the extent of their time spent directly on the project and specific to application development, are capitalized. When events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment, we evaluate the carrying value of property and equipment based upon current and anticipated undiscounted cash flows. We recognize impairment when it is probable that such estimated future cash flows will be less than the asset carrying value. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Our intangible assets consist of (1) goodwill, which is not subject to amortization; (2) an internet domain name, which is an indefinite-lived intangible not subject to amortization; and (3) amortizing intangibles, which consist of customer lists, trade names, and certain technology licensing agreements, which are being amortized over their useful lives. F-9 Note 3 describes the annual impairment methodology that we employ on January 1st of each year in calculating the recoverability of goodwill and non-amortizing intangibles. This same impairment test is performed at other times during the course of a year should an event occur or circumstance change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Recoverability of amortizing intangible assets is assessed only when events have occurred that may give rise to impairment. When a potential impairment has been identified, forecasted undiscounted net cash flows of the operations to which the asset relates are compared to the current carrying value of the long-lived assets present in that operation. If such cash flows are less than such carrying amounts, long-lived assets including such intangibles, are written down to their respective fair values. Concentrations Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade account receivables are limited due to the large number of customers comprising our customer base. No single customer accounted for more than 2% of total net sales in 2016, 2015, and 2014. While no single agency of the federal government comprised more than 2% of total sales, aggregate sales to the federal government as a percentage of total net sales were 7.5%, 6.7%, and 6.5% in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Product purchases from Ingram Micro, Inc. (“Ingram”), our largest supplier, accounted for approximately 21% of our total product purchases in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and 25% in 2014. Purchases from Synnex Corporation (“Synnex”) comprised 13%, 15%, and 13% of our total product purchases in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. No other vendor supplied more than 10% of our total product purchases in 2016, 2015, or 2014. We believe that, while we may experience some short-term disruption, alternative sources for products obtained directly from Ingram and Synnex are available to us. Products manufactured by HP represented 20% of our net sales in 2016 and 22% in both 2015 and 2014. We believe that in the event we experience either a short-term or permanent disruption of supply of HP products, such disruption would likely have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding adjusted for the incremental shares attributable to nonvested stock units and stock options outstanding, if dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: Numerator: Net income Denominator: Denominator for basic earnings per share Dilutive effect of employee stock awards Denominator for diluted earnings per share Earnings per share: Basic Diluted 2016 2015 2014 $ 48,111 $ 46,827 $ 42,681 26,528 191 26,719 26,398 218 26,616 26,246 266 26,512 $ $ 1.81 1.80 $ $ 1.77 1.76 $ $ 1.63 1.61 F-10 For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, the following outstanding nonvested stock units and stock options were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect: Employee stock awards Comprehensive Income 2016 — 2015 — 2014 98 We had no items of comprehensive income, other than our net income for each of the periods presented. Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which amends the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB voted to amend ASU 2014-09 by approving a one-year deferral of the mandatory effective date as well as providing the option to early adopt the standard on the original effective date. Accordingly, the Company may adopt the standard in either its first quarter of 2017 or 2018. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment as of the start of the first period for which it applies the new standard. We are in the process of determining the effect that the adoption will have on our consolidated financial statements. Based on our analysis to date, we have reached the following tentative conclusions regarding the new standard and how we expect it to affect our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures: • We expect to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018 and will not early adopt. • We expect to use the full restrospective method. Such method provides that upon applying the new standard, prior periods will be retrospectively adjusted and the cumulative effect of the change recognized in the opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2016. • We believe that since substantially all of our revenue is contractual, substantially all of our revenue falls within the scope of ASU No. 2014-09, as amended. • As discussed above, our hardware and software revenue is generally recognized on a gross basis upon delivery. Upon adoption of the new standard, we do not expect this to change. However, we are continuing to analyze each of our material revenue streams to determine any changes that may be required under the new standard. • As discussed above, we hold inventories not available for sale related to certain product sales transactions in which we are warehousing the product and will be deploying the product to our clients’ designated locations subsequent to period-end. We are currently still evaluating the effect of the new standard on our inventories not available for sale to identify the differing performance conditions within the underlying contracts and to determine if a portion of revenue under the contracts should be recognized at an earlier point in time than we are recognizing under current accounting standards. • We expect that our disclosures in our notes to our consolidated financial statements related to revenue recognition will be significantly expanded under the new standard. Our analysis and evaluation of the new standard will continue through its effective date in the first quarter of 2018. A substantial amount of work remains to be completed due to the complexity of the new standard, the application of judgment, and the requirement for the use of estimates in applying the new standard, as well as the volume of our client portfolio and the related terms and conditions of our contracts that must be reviewed. F-11 In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which modifies existing requirements regarding measuring inventory at the lower of cost or market. Under existing standards, the market amount requires consideration of replacement cost, net realizable value (NRV), and NRV less an approximately normal profit margin. The new ASU replaces market with NRV, defined as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. This eliminates the need to determine and consider replacement cost or NRV less an approximately normal profit margin when measuring inventory. This standard is effective for the Company prospectively beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2015-11 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, to simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. Under the new standard, both deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets are required to be classified as non-current on the consolidated balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 will become effective for fiscal years, and the interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 on January 1, 2016, prospectively, as permitted, and reclassified $7,909 of current deferred tax assets to non-current liabilities upon adoption of the standard. The prior reporting period was not retroactively adjusted. The adoption of the guidance had no impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. Under this guidance, a company recognizes all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. This change eliminates the notion of the additional paid-in capital pool and reduces the complexity in accounting for excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies. The new standard is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, however, early adoption is allowed. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-09 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 also clarifies the requirements for excluding and allocating foreign currency translation adjustments to reporting units related to an entity's testing of reporting units for goodwill impairment and clarifies that an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. ASU 2017-04 is effective for us beginning January 1, 2020 for both interim and annual reporting periods. We are currently assessing the potential impact of the adoption of ASC 2017-04 on our consolidated financial statements. 2. ACQUISITIONS Softmart Acquisition On May 27, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Softmart Inc. (“Softmart”), a global supplier of information technology and software services solutions. The purchase of Softmart is consistent with our strategy to F-12 expand our software services capabilities. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement, we paid $31,889, net of cash acquired, and allocated the total purchase price to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired represents potential synergies from Softmart’s customer base and its assembled workforce of sales representatives and software service specialists that we acquired in the transaction. This excess of purchase price over the aggregate fair values was recorded as goodwill. We incurred $357 of transaction costs in 2016 related to the acquisition which we have reported in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2016. The operating results of Softmart have been included in the SMB and Large Accounts segments since the acquisition date. Softmart’s revenues and income from operations were not material to our consolidated results, and accordingly, we have not presented Softmart’s revenues or operating results on a pro forma basis. The following table reflects components of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value as of the closing date. Current assets Fixed assets Goodwill Customer relationships Total assets acquired Acquired liabilities Net assets acquired Less cash acquired Purchase price at closing, net of cash acquired Purchase Price Allocation $ $ 22,812 343 14,314 11,300 48,769 (16,252) 32,517 (628) 31,889 We recorded goodwill of $7,366 and $6,948 in our SMB and Large Account segments, respectively, and the aggregate is expected to be fully deductible for tax purposes. GlobalServe Acquisition On October 11, 2016, we acquired the outstanding common shares of GlobalServe, Inc. (“GlobalServe”), which has developed an internet portal tool that simplifies customers’ global IT procurement. Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement, we paid $11,101, net of cash acquired. The purchase of GlobalServe allows us to service our customers’ global IT needs through their OneSource internet portal with consistent delivery, reporting, pricing, and logistics. We allocated the total purchase price to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition and recorded the excess of purchase price over the aggregate fair values as goodwill. The initial allocation of the purchase price was based upon a preliminary valuation, and accordingly, our estimates and assumptions are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the measurement period and completion of the valuation of intangible assets. Measurement period adjustments reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. We believe that such preliminary allocations provide a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed but we are waiting for additional information necessary to finalize fair value. We expect to finalize the valuation and complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the acquisition date. Final determination of the fair value may result in further adjustments to the values presented below. We incurred $118 of transaction costs in 2016 related to the acquisition which we have reported in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2016. We have included the operating results of GlobalServe in the Large Account segment since the acquisition date. GlobalServe’s revenues and income from operations were not material to our consolidated results, and accordingly, we have not presented GlobalServe’s revenues or operating results on a pro forma basis. F-13 The following table reflects components of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value as of the closing date. The fair values of the intangibles were determined through a third-party valuation using management estimates, which have not been finalized. Current assets Fixed assets Goodwill Customer relationships Total assets acquired Acquired liabilities Deferred taxes, unrecognized tax benefits Net assets acquired Less cash acquired Purchase price at closing, net of cash acquired Purchase Price Allocation $ $ 1,486 4,609 8,012 900 15,007 (734) (2,390) 11,883 (782) 11,101 We recorded $8,012 of goodwill as a result of our acquisition of GlobalServe in our Large Account segment. None of the goodwill related to this acquisition will be deductible for tax purposes. k 3. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are subject to an annual impairment test and tested more frequently if events or circumstances occur that would indicate a potential decline in fair value. For goodwill, a two-step quantitative test is performed at a reporting unit level which requires, under the first step, that the fair value of a reporting unit is determined and compared to the reporting unit’s carrying value, including goodwill. To assess the fair value of a reporting unit, both income and market valuation approaches are used. If the fair value is determined to be less than the carrying value, the second step is performed to measure the amount, if any, of the impairment. Our annual impairment test of an indefinite-lived domain name and goodwill is set as of the first day of the year. Goodwill is held by our Large Account and SMB reporting units. The fair value of the domain name and the Large Account and SMB reporting units each substantially exceeded the respective carrying value, and accordingly, an impairment was not identified in the annual test. We also did not identify any events or circumstances that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying values of the reporting unit or the domain name were in excess of the respective fair values during the year ended December 31, 2016. To determine the fair value of our reporting units, we considered operating results and future projections, as well as changes in the Company’s overall market capitalization. The significant assumptions used in our discounted cash flow analysis include: projected cash flows and profitability, the discount rate used to present value future cash flows, working capital requirements, and terminal growth rates. Cash flows and profitability assumptions include sales growth, gross margin, and SG&A growth assumptions which are generally based on historical trends. The discount rate used is a "market participant" weighted average cost of capital ("WACC"). For our computation of fair value as of January 1, F-14 2016, we used a WACC rate of 10.9%, and estimated terminal growth rate at 5.0% and working capital requirements at 7.5% of revenues. The carrying amount of goodwill for the periods presented is detailed below: Balance at December 31, 2015 Goodwill, gross Accumulated impairment losses Net balance Balance at December 31, 2016 Goodwill, gross Accumulated impairment losses Net balance Intangible Assets SMB Large Account Public Sector Total $ 1,173 $ (1,173) $ — $ 51,276 $ ─ 51,276 $ 7,634 $ 60,083 (8,807) (7,634) — $ 51,276 SMB Large Account Public Sector Total $ 8,539 $ (1,173) $ 7,366 $ 66,236 $ ─ 66,236 $ 7,634 $ 82,409 (8,807) (7,634) — $ 73,602 At December 31, 2016, our intangible assets included a domain name for $450, which has an indefinite life and is not subject to amortization. In addition, we acquired in 2016 customer relationships from our Softmart and GlobalServe acquisitions, which will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 10 years. Our remaining intangible assets are amortized in proportion to the estimates of the future cash flows underlying the valuation of the assets. Intangible assets and related accumulated amortization are detailed below: Customer List Tradename Customer Relationships Total Intangible Assets Estimated Gross Useful Lives Amount $ 3,400 1,190 12,200 $ 16,790 8 5 10 Net December 31, 2016 Accumulated Amortization Amount 2,861 $ $ 1,111 682 79 11,518 Gross Amount 539 $ 3,400 $ 1,190 — $ 4,654 $ 12,136 $ 4,590 $ December 31, 2015 Accumulated Net Amortization Amount 901 317 — $ 1,218 2,499 873 — 3,372 $ In 2016, 2015, and 2014, we recorded amortization expense of $1,281, $735, and $901, respectively. The estimated amortization expense relating to intangible assets in each of the five succeeding years and thereafter is as follows: For the Years Ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 and thereafter $ 1,582 1,441 1,256 1,220 1,220 5,417 $ 12,136 F-15 4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE Accounts receivable consisted of the following: Trade Vendor returns, consideration and other Due from employees Due from affiliates Total Gross Accounts Receivable Allowances for: Sales returns Doubtful accounts Accounts Receivable, net 5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment consisted of the following: Computer software, including licenses and internally-developed software Furniture and equipment Leasehold improvements Total Accumulated depreciation and amortization Property and equipment, net December 31, 2016 $ 384,709 33,020 173 — 417,902 2015 $ 328,319 33,064 155 61 361,599 (3,709) (2,310) $ 411,883 (3,235) (2,219) $ 356,145 December 31, 2016 $ 69,006 31,218 7,300 107,524 (68,122) $ 39,402 2015 $ 61,468 28,663 8,124 98,255 (66,028) $ 32,227 We recorded depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment of $9,172, $8,226, and $7,191 in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. 6. BANK BORROWINGS We have a $50,000 credit facility collateralized by our receivables that expires February 10, 2022. This facility can be increased, at our option, to $80,000 for approved acquisitions or other uses authorized by the lender on substantially the same terms. Amounts outstanding under this facility bear interest at the one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus a spread based on our funded debt ratio, or in the absence of LIBOR, the prime rate (3.75% at December 31, 2016). The one-month LIBOR rate at December 31, 2016 was 0.77%. The credit facility includes various customary financial ratios and operating covenants, including minimum net worth and maximum funded debt ratio requirements, and default acceleration provisions. Funded debt ratio is the ratio of average outstanding advances under the credit facility to Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation, Amortization, and Special Charges). The maximum allowable funded debt ratio under the agreement is 2.0 to 1.0. Decreases in our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA could limit our potential borrowings under the credit facility. We had no outstanding bank borrowings in 2016 or 2015, and accordingly, the entire $50,000 facility was available for borrowings under the credit facility. In February of 2017, we renewed our credit facility, extending the expiration date to February 10, 2022, at which time any amounts outstanding become due. The credit facility was renewed with substantially the same terms and conditions as with the preceding agreement. 7. TRADE CREDIT AGREEMENTS At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had security agreements with two financial institutions to facilitate the purchase of inventory from various suppliers under certain terms and conditions. The agreements allow a collateralized F-16 first position in certain branded products in our inventory financed by the financial institutions up to an aggregated amount of $65,000. The cost of such financing under these agreements is borne by the suppliers by discounting their invoices to the financial institutions. We do not pay any interest or discount fees on such inventory. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, accounts payable included $33,061 and $23,044, respectively, owed to these financial institutions. 8. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION Preferred Stock Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Restated Certificate”) authorizes the issuance of up to 10,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share (the “Preferred Stock”). Under the terms of the Restated Certificate, the Board is authorized, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, without stockholder approval, to issue by a unanimous vote such shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series. Each such series of Preferred Stock shall have such rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, redemption privileges, and liquidation preferences, as shall be determined by the Board. There were no preferred shares outstanding at December 31, 2016 or 2015. Share Repurchase Authorization In 2001, our Board of Directors authorized the spending of up to $15,000 to repurchase our common stock. We consider block repurchases directly from larger stockholders, as well as open market purchases, in carrying out our ongoing stock repurchase program. We did not repurchase any shares in the three years ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, we have repurchased an aggregate of 1,682 shares for $12,233 under our repurchase program, and the maximum approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under this program is $2,767. In 2014, our Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program authorizing up to $15,000 in share repurchases. There is no fixed termination date for this new repurchase program. Purchases may be made in open-market transactions, block transactions on or off an exchange, or in privately negotiated transactions. We intend to complete the 2001 repurchase program before repurchasing shares under the new program. The timing and amount of any share repurchases will be based on market conditions and other factors. Dividend Payments The following table summarizes our special cash dividends declared in the three years ended December 31, 2016: Dividend per share Stockholder record date Total dividend Payment date $ 2016 0.34 2015 $ 0.40 12/30/2016 12/29/2015 12/01/2014 $ 10,591 1/12/2017 1/12/2016 12/15/2014 $ 10,527 2014 0.40 9,041 $ $ The dividends paid in January 2016 and 2017 were included in accrued expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. We have no current plans to pay additional cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and declaration of any future cash dividends will depend upon our financial position, strategic plans, and general business conditions. Equity Compensation Plan Descriptions In November 1997, the Board adopted and our stockholders approved the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan (the “1997 Plan”). Under the terms of the 1997 Plan, we were authorized, for a ten-year period, to grant stock options, nonvested stock, and other stock-based awards. The 1997 Plan expired in November 2007. Under such plan, options to purchase 107 shares remained outstanding as of December 31, 2016. F-17 In 2007, the Board adopted and our stockholders approved the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan. In 2010, the Board adopted and our stockholders approved the Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”), which among other things, extended the term of the 2007 Plan to 2020. In May 2016, our stockholders approved an amendment to the 2007 Plan, which authorized the issuance of 1,700 shares of common stock. Under the terms of the 2007 Plan, we are authorized for a ten-year period to grant options, stock appreciation rights, nonvested stock, nonvested stock units, and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors, and consultants. As of December 31, 2016, there were 194 shares eligible for future grants under the 2007 Plan. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In November 1997, the Board adopted and our stockholders approved the 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”). The Purchase Plan authorizes the issuance of common stock to participating employees. Under the Purchase Plan, as amended, our employees are eligible to purchase company stock at 95% of the purchase price as of the last business day of each six-month offering period. An aggregate of 1,138 shares of common stock has been reserved for issuance under the Purchase Plan, of which 1,067 shares have been purchased. Accounting for Share-Based Compensation We measure the grant date fair value of equity awards given to employees and recognize that cost, adjusted for forfeitures, over the period that services are performed. We value grants with multiple vesting periods as a single award, estimate expected forfeitures based upon historical patterns of employee turnover, and record share-based compensation as a component of SG&A expenses. In 2014 and 2016, we granted nonvested stock units. No equity awards were granted in 2015, however, in previous years both nonvested stock awards and stock options were granted. We employ the Black-Scholes option valuation model to assess the grant date fair value of each option grant. The application of this model requires certain key input assumptions, including expected volatility, option term, and risk-free interest rates. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The expected term of an option grant is estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees and directors. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve that corresponds most closely to the stock option’s expected average life. The following table summarizes the components of share-based compensation recorded as expense for the three years ended December 31, 2016: Nonvested units Stock options Pre-tax compensation expense Tax benefit Net effect on net income 2014 2016 2015 $ 1,049 $ 994 $ 946 (17) 929 (355) 629 $ 596 $ 574 — 1,049 (420) — 994 (398) $ We have historically settled stock option exercises with newly issued common shares. The intrinsic value of options exercised in 2016, 2015, and 2014 was $156, $553, and $732, respectively. The following table sets forth our stock option activity in 2016: Outstanding, January 1, 2016 Exercised Outstanding, December 31, 2016 Vested and expected to vest Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Aggregate Intrinsic Weighted Average Options Exercise Price Term (Years) Value 168 (11) 157 157 $ $ $ 11.24 13.13 11.12 11.12 2.39 $ 1,911 1.44 $ 2,670 1.44 $ 2,670 F-18 In 2014 and 2016, we issued nonvested stock units that settle in stock and vest over periods up to fifteen years. No awards were issued in 2015. Recipients of nonvested stock units do not possess stockholder rights. The fair value of nonvested stock units is based on the end of day market value of our common stock on the grant date. The following table summarizes our nonvested stock unit activity in 2016: Nonvested at January 1, 2016 Granted Vested Canceled Nonvested at December 31, 2016 Nonvested Stock Units Weighted-Average Shares 383 $ 117 (90) (56) 354 Grant Date Fair Value 16.45 24.72 12.62 21.62 19.34 The weighted-average grant-date fair value of nonvested stock units granted in 2014 was $22.50. No awards were granted in 2015. The total fair value of nonvested stock units that vested in 2016, 2015, and 2014 was $2,348, $2,287, and $1,854, respectively. Unearned compensation cost related to the nonvested portion of outstanding nonvested stock units was $6,037 as of December 31, 2016, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 7.7 years. Stock Equivalent Units We have also issued stock equivalent units, (“SEUs”), which settle in cash and vest ratably over four years. The fair value of these liability awards is based on the closing market price of our common stock, and is remeasured at the end of each reporting period until the SEUs vest. We report the compensation as a component of SG&A expense and the related liability as accrued payroll on the consolidated balance sheets. Units issued Compensation expense 9. INCOME TAXES The provision for income taxes consisted of the following: 2016 2015 2014 23 $ 1,973 95 99 $ 2,054 $ 1,428 Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2016 $ 23,923 $ 23,872 $ 22,612 4,863 27,475 4,913 28,836 5,116 28,988 2,920 586 3,506 991 221 1,212 $ 32,342 $ 31,640 $ 28,687 2,220 432 2,652 Current: Federal State Total current Deferred: Federal State Total deferred Net provision F-19 The components of the deferred taxes at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows: Deferred tax assets: Provisions for doubtful accounts Inventory costs capitalized for tax purposes Inventory valuation reserves Sales return reserves Deductible expenses, primarily employee-benefit related Accrued compensation State tax liability Revenue deferral Other Compensation under non-statutory stock option agreements State tax loss carryforwards Federal benefit for uncertain state tax positions Total gross deferred tax assets Less: Valuation allowance Net deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Goodwill and other intangibles Property and equipment Total gross deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability Current deferred tax assets Noncurrent deferred tax liability Net deferred tax liability $ 2016 2015 751 157 331 218 745 2,662 110 565 1,076 499 618 480 8,212 (485) 7,727 $ 879 177 652 190 713 2,999 235 797 1,276 565 505 641 9,629 (383) 9,246 (17,776) (9,553) (27,329) $ (19,602) (15,868) (7,084) (22,952) $ (13,706) $ — (19,602) $ (19,602) 7,909 $ (21,615) $ (13,706) We have state net operating loss carryforwards aggregating $951 at December 31, 2016 representing state tax benefits, net of federal taxes, of approximately $618. These loss carryforwards are subject to between five, fifteen, and twenty-year carryforward periods, with $8 expiring after 2017, $6 expiring after 2018, $5 expiring after 2019, $2 expiring after 2021, and $927 expiring beyond 2022. We have provided valuation allowances of $485 and $383 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, against the state tax loss carryforwards, representing the portion of carryforward losses that we believe are not likely to be realized. The net change in the total valuation allowance reflects a $102, $70, and $64 increase in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The valuation allowance was increased in 2016, 2015, and 2014 to offset the corresponding increase to the deferred tax asset associated with state net operating loss carryforwards. A reconciliation of our 2016, 2015, and 2014 income tax provision to total income taxes at the statutory federal tax rate is as follows: 2016 2015 2014 Federal income taxes, at statutory tax rate State income taxes, net of federal benefit Nondeductible expenses Other–net Tax provision $ 28,159 $ 27,463 $ 24,979 3,459 503 (254) $ 32,342 $ 31,640 $ 28,687 3,962 538 (323) 3,947 602 (366) We file one consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return that includes all of our subsidiaries as well as several consolidated, combined, and separate company returns in many U.S. state tax jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service completed its review of the income tax return for the 2012 tax year with no changes to the reported tax. The tax F-20 years 2012-2015 remain open to examination by the major state taxing jurisdictions in which we file. The tax years 2013-2015 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits for 2016, 2015, and 2014, is as follows: Balance at January 1, Additions on tax positions of prior years Lapses of applicable statute of limitations Balance at December 31, 2016 2015 $ $ 869 — (185) 684 $ $ 892 106 (129) 869 2014 $ 1,008 — (116) 892 $ We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits as a component of income tax expense, and the corresponding accrual is included as a component of our liability for unrecognized income tax benefits. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, we recognized interest and penalties totaling $62, $110, and $80, respectively. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, accrued interest aggregated $693 and $967, respectively, and accrued penalties aggregated $171 and $218, respectively. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, all unrecognized tax benefits and the related interest and penalties, if recognized, would favorably affect our effective tax rate. We do not anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly due to the settlement of audits, expiration of statutes of limitations, or other reasons in the next twelve months. 10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN We have a contributory profit-sharing and employee savings plan covering all qualified employees. No contributions to the profit-sharing element of the plan were made by us in 2016, 2015, or 2014. We made matching contributions to the employee savings element of such plan of $2,320, $2,034, and $1,873 in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Operating Leases We lease our corporate headquarters and an adjacent office facility from an entity controlled by our principal stockholders. The five-year operating lease for our corporate headquarters ends November 30, 2018 and has an option to renew for an additional five-year term. The operating lease for the adjacent facility began in August 2008 and has a ten- year term with the option to renew for two additional two-year terms. We also lease several other buildings from our principal stockholders on a month-to-month basis. We believe that the above operating lease transactions were consummated on terms comparable to terms we could have obtained with unrelated third parties. In addition, we lease offices from unrelated parties with remaining terms of one to ten years. Future aggregate minimum annual lease payments under these leases at December 31, 2016 are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 and thereafter Related Parties Others Total $ 1,511 $ 2,943 $ 4,454 4,075 2,776 1,299 2,275 2,275 — 2,321 2,321 — 1,487 1,487 — 3,298 3,298 — Total rent expense aggregated $4,753, $4,904, and $4,322 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively, under the terms of the operating leases described above. Such amounts included $1,640, $1,633, and $1,639 in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively, paid to related parties. F-21 Contingencies We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, including patent infringement claims, which have arisen during the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of such matters is not expected to have a material effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. We record a liability when we believe that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. On a quarterly basis, we review each of these legal proceedings to determine whether it is probable, reasonably possible, or remote that a liability has been incurred and, if it is at least reasonably possible, whether a range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both the likelihood of there being a loss and the estimated amount of such loss. Until the final resolution of such matters, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of the amount recorded, and such amounts could be material. We expense legal fees in the period in which they are incurred. We are subject to audits by states on sales and income taxes, unclaimed property, employment matters, and other assessments. While management believes that known and estimated liabilities have been adequately provided for, it is too early to determine the ultimate outcome of such audits, which could be assessed, and such outcomes could have a material negative impact on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. 12. OTHER RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS As described in Note 11, we lease certain facilities from related parties. Other related-party transactions include the transactions summarized below. Related parties consist primarily of affiliated companies related to us through common ownership. Revenue: Sales of services to affiliated companies 13. SEGMENT AND RELATED DISCLOSURES 2016 2015 2014 $ 159 $ 177 $ 118 The internal reporting structure used by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to assess performance and allocate resources determines the basis for our reportable operating segments. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer, and he evaluates operations and allocates resources based on a measure of operating income. Our operations are organized under three reporting segments—the SMB segment, which serves primarily small- and medium-sized businesses; the Large Account segment, which serves primarily medium-to-large corporations; and the Public Sector segment, which serves primarily federal, state, and local government and educational institutions. In addition, the Headquarters/Other group provides services in areas such as finance, human resources, information technology, marketing, and product management. Most of the operating costs associated with the Headquarters/Other group functions are charged to the operating segments based on their estimated usage of the underlying functions. We report these charges to the operating segments as “Allocations.” Certain headquarters costs relating to executive oversight and other fiduciary functions that are not allocated to the operating segments are included under the heading of Headquarters/Other in the tables below. In May 2016, we acquired Softmart, a global supplier of information technology and software services solutions. We have included the operating results for Softmart in our SMB and Large Account segments from May 27, 2016, the closing date of the acquisition. The external sales and operating results of Softmart since the date of acquisition were immaterial to our consolidated results. In October 2016, we acquired GlobalServe, which has developed a industry-leading tool that simplifies customers’ global IT procurement. We have included the operating results for GlobalServe in our Large Account segment from October 11, 2016, the closing date of the acquisition. The external sales and operating results of GlobalServe since the date of acquisition were immaterial to our consolidated results. F-22 Net sales presented below exclude inter-segment product revenues. Segment information applicable to our reportable operating segments for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 is shown below: Net sales: SMB Large Account Public Sector Total net sales Operating income (loss): SMB Large Account Public Sector Headquarters/Other Total operating income Interest expense Income before taxes Selected operating expense: Depreciation and amortization: SMB Large Account Public Sector Headquarters/Other Total depreciation and amortization Total assets: SMB Large Account Public Sector Headquarters/Other Total assets Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 1,091,182 $ 1,040,586 $ 1,037,620 850,796 1,011,990 574,923 589,420 $ 2,692,592 $ 2,573,973 $ 2,463,339 961,013 572,374 $ $ $ $ $ $ 41,596 $ 42,504 8,561 (12,141) 80,520 (67) 80,453 $ 42,855 $ 41,234 6,879 (12,414) 78,554 (87) 78,467 $ 39,608 39,229 3,621 (11,004) 71,454 (86) 71,368 425 $ 1,784 160 8,084 10,453 $ 24 $ 1,297 156 7,484 8,961 $ 5 1,368 124 6,595 8,092 240,665 361,431 95,278 (11,240) 686,134 $ $ 207,147 320,633 73,374 37,920 639,074 The assets of our operating segments presented above consist primarily of accounts receivable, intercompany receivable, goodwill, and other intangibles. Goodwill of $66,236 and $7,366 is held by our Large Account and SMB segments, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016. Assets reported under the Headquarters/Other group are managed by corporate headquarters, including cash, inventory, and property and equipment. Total assets for the Headquarters/Other group are presented net of intercompany balances eliminations of $49,937 and $36,752 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Our capital expenditures consist largely of IT hardware and software purchased to maintain or upgrade our management information systems. These systems serve all of our subsidiaries, to varying degrees, and as a result, our CODM does not evaluate capital expenditures on a segment basis. Substantially, all of our sales in 2016, 2015, and 2014 were made to customers located in the United States. Shipments to customers located in foreign countries were not more than 2% of total net sales in 2016, 2015, and 2014. All of our assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were located in the United States. Our primary target customers are SMBs, federal, state, and local government agencies, educational institutions, and medium-to-large corporate accounts. No single customer accounted for more than 2% of total net sales in 2016, 2015, or 2014. While no single agency of the federal government comprised more than 2% of total sales, aggregate sales to the federal government were 7.5%, 6.7%, and 6.5% in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. F-23 14. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL RESULTS (UNAUDITED) The following table sets forth certain unaudited quarterly data of the Company for each of the calendar quarters in 2016 and 2015. This information has been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements, and all necessary adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, have been included in the amounts stated below to present fairly the selected quarterly information when read in conjunction with the annual financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this document. The quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of future results of operations. March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, 2016 2016 2016 2016 Quarters Ended Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Income from operations Interest expense Income before taxes Income tax provision Net income Earnings per common share: Basic Diluted Weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Income from operations Interest expense Income before taxes Income tax provision Net income Earnings per common share: Basic Diluted Weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted $ 572,394 $ 676,165 $ 708,485 $ 735,548 637,425 98,123 76,222 21,901 (14) 21,887 (8,890) 12,997 490,201 82,193 67,029 15,164 (14) 15,150 (6,087) 9,063 $ 12,458 $ 611,518 96,967 74,522 22,445 (27) 22,418 (8,825) 13,593 $ 582,291 93,874 72,864 21,010 (12) 20,998 (8,540) $ $ $ 0.34 $ 0.34 $ 0.47 $ 0.47 $ 0.51 $ 0.51 $ 0.49 0.49 26,499 26,671 26,501 26,691 26,542 26,736 26,569 26,738 Quarters Ended March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, 2015 2015 2015 $ 581,259 503,646 77,613 63,434 14,179 1 14,180 (5,596) 8,584 $ $ 627,622 $ 680,769 592,201 544,635 88,568 82,987 66,707 63,364 21,861 19,623 (29) (39) 21,832 19,584 (8,831) (7,955) 13,001 $ 11,629 $ 2015 $ 684,323 592,472 91,851 68,960 22,891 (20) 22,871 (9,258) 13,613 $ $ $ 0.33 0.32 $ $ 0.44 $ 0.44 $ 0.49 0.49 $ $ 0.51 0.51 26,346 26,593 26,363 26,616 26,423 26,622 26,459 26,632 F-24 PC CONNECTION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (amounts in thousands) Description Allowance for Sales Returns Year Ended December 31, 2014 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Year Ended December 31, 2014 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Balance at Charged to Beginning Costs and of Period Expenses Deductions/ Write-Offs Balance at End of Period $ $ $ $ $ $ 3,060 3,223 3,235 32,882 30,289 32,909 (32,719) $ (30,277) $ (32,435) $ 3,223 3,235 3,709 2,265 2,135 2,219 1,383 1,097 360 (1,513) $ (1,013) $ (269) $ 2,135 2,219 2,310 S-1 Exhibit 31.1 I, Timothy McGrath, certify that: CERTIFICATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of PC Connection, Inc.; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 3, 2017 /S/ TIMOTHY MCGRATH Timothy McGrath President and Chief Executive Officer I, William Schulze, certify that: CERTIFICATIONS Exhibit 31.2 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of PC Connection, Inc.; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) b) c) d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 3, 2017 /S/ WILLIAM SCHULZE William Schulze Vice President, Interim Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the annual report on Form 10-K of PC Connection, Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Timothy McGrath, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to the best of his knowledge: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: March 3, 2017 /S/ TIMOTHY MCGRATH Timothy McGrath President and Chief Executive Officer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the annual report on Form 10-K of PC Connection, Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, G. William Schulze, Vice President and Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to the best of his knowledge: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: March 3, 2017 /S/ WILLIAM SCHULZE William Schulze Vice President, Interim Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer Board of Directors Patricia Gallup Chair Joseph Baute Director Audit and Compensation Committees David Beffa-Negrini Director Barbara Duckett Director Audit and Compensation Committees Jack Ferguson Director Audit and Compensation Committees David Hall Director Named Executive Officers Timothy McGrath President and Chief Executive Officer Patricia Gallup Chief Administrative Officer William Schulze Vice President and Interim Chief Financial Officer Annual Meeting The annual meeting of shareholders will be held at 10:00 a.m. on Wednesday, May 17, 2017. Crowne Plaza 2 Somerset Parkway Nashua, NH 03063 Transfer Agent American Stock Transfer & Trust Co. 6201 15th Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11219 (800) 937-5449 Total Revenue in Millions Operating Income in Millions Net Income in Millions Earnings Per Share Diluted 3 9 6 2 $ , 4 7 5 2 $ , 3 6 4 2 $ , 2 2 2 2 $ , 9 5 ,1 2 $ . 5 0 8 $ . 6 8 7 $ 5 . 1 7 $ 1 . 8 4 $ . 8 6 4 $ . 7 2 4 $ . 4 9 5 $ . 6 4 5 $ . 7 5 3 $ .1 3 3 $ 5 3 . 1 4 $ 2 . 1 $ 0 8 . 1 $ 6 7 . 1 $ 1 6 . 1 $ 2012 13 14 15 16 2012 13 14 15 16 2012 13 14 15 16 2012 13 14 15 16 Shareholder Information The Investor Relations Department is responsible for shareholder communications and welcomes shareholder inquiries about PC Connection, Inc. either by telephone or in writing. The Annual Report filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as well as general information can be obtained upon written request to the address below or by visiting the PC Connection website at www.connection.com: Investor Relations PC Connection, Inc. 730 Milford Road Merrimack, NH 03054-4631 (603) 683-2262 In the early 1980s, the Connection raccoon mascot made his (official) debut in computer magazines everywhere. The raccoon symbolized adaptability, innovativeness, and tenacity—traits that underlie Connection’s remarkable success. Today, Connection is one of the nation’s largest and most respected providers of a full range of information technology solutions to business, government, healthcare, and education markets. ©2017 PC Connection, Inc. All rights reserved. Connection, PC Connection, GovConnection, MacConnection, MoreDirect, GlobalServe and the raccoon characters are trademarks of PC Connection, Inc. or its subsidiaries. This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this Annual Report, the words “should,” “will,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “believe,” “predict,” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the Company’s future capital needs and resources, fluctuations in customer demand, intensity of competition from other vendors, timing and acceptance of new product introductions, delays or difficulties in programs designed to increase sales and profitability, general economic and industry conditions, and other risks set forth in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the information set forth herein should be read in light of such risks. In addition, any forward-looking statements represent the Company’s estimates only as of the date of this Annual Report and should not be relied upon as representing the Company’s estimates as of any subsequent date. While the Company may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to do so, even if its estimates change. Corporate Offices PC Connection, Inc. Corporate Headquarters 730 Milford Road Merrimack, NH 03054 Connection® Business Solutions 730 Milford Road Merrimack, NH 03054 Connection® Public Sector Solutions 7503 Standish Place Rockville, MD 20855 Connection® Enterprise Solutions Suite 200 1001 Yamato Road Boca Raton, FL 33431 GlobalServe A Connection® Company Global Headquarters 440 Sylvan Avenue, Suite 260 Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 2 0 1 6 A N N U A L R E P O R T
Continue reading text version or see original annual report in PDF format above