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Pembridge Resources plc

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FY2015 Annual Report · Pembridge Resources plc
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CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

REPORT AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2015 

China Africa Resources plc 
Company No. 07352056 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Contents 

Strategic Report 

Chairman’s statement .......................................................................................................................... 2 
Principal risks and Uncertainties .......................................................................................................... 3 
Key Performance indicators ................................................................................................................. 4 

Corporate Governance 

Directors’ report .................................................................................................................................... 5 
Directors Remuneration Report ............................................................................................................ 7 
Corporate governance ......................................................................................................................... 8 
Directors’ responsibilities.................................................................................................................... 10 
Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of China Africa Resources plc ................................... 11 

Financial Statements 

Consolidated income statement ......................................................................................................... 13 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income ............................................................................ 14 
Consolidated and Company statements of financial position ............................................................. 15 
Consolidated and Company statements of changes in equity ............................................................ 16 
Consolidated and Company cash flow statements ............................................................................. 17 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements .................................................................................. 18 

Company Information 

Company information ......................................................................................................................... 38 

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CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
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Chairman’s statement 
I am pleased to present the report and accounts for China Africa Resources plc results for the year ended 31 December 
2015. 

Financial Results  

During  the  year  the  Group  made  a  loss  of  US$0.6  million  (2014-  US$0.8  million).  The  loss  incurred  during  the  year 
consists of costs of running the head office in London and associated listing and regulatory requirements. All costs of the 
Berg Aukas feasibility study have been capitalised.  

As at 31 December 2015 the Group had US$0.7 million (2014- US$1.2 million) in cash reserves. 

The company received a loan for US$200,000 from its parent, HK ECE in the year. The loan bears interest at 12 month 
libor and is repayable on 30 June 2016. In common with many exploration and development companies, the Company 
raises  finance  for  its  activities  in  discrete  tranches.  The  Group  and  the  Company  has  not  generated  revenues  from 
operations. As such, the Group’s and Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern assumptions will depend 
upon a number of matters including future successful capital raisings for necessary funding or loans from third parties. In 
order to continue to meet the Group’s working capital needs, loan repayments and development plans further funding will 
be  required.  In  the  event  that  the  Company  is  unable  to  secure  further  finance  either  through  third  parties  or  capital 
raising, it may not be able to fully develop its projects or meet its working capital requirements. In the absence of such 
further financing opportunities being successful, there exists a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the 
entity’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  and  therefore,  it  may  be  unable  to  realise  it’s  assets  and  discharge  its 
liabilities in the ordinary course of business.  

Review of the year 

During  the  year  the  Group  has  engaged  in  reviewing  options  to  fund  the  feasibility  study  for  the  Berg  Aukas  Mine  in 
Namibia having successfully completed the pre- feasibility study last year. 

Key data from the pre-feasibility study: 

Mine Type 
Reserves * 
Zinc 
Lead 
Vanadium oxide 
Mining Rate 
Mine Life 
Processing Method 
Processing rate 
Recoverable Metal 
Zinc 
Lead 
Cash cost (C1) ** 

Underground 
2.05 million tonnes 
11.1% 
 2.8% 
 0.23%  
250,000 tonne per annum (tpa) 
10 years 
Heavy Media Separation / Flotation 
250,000 tpa / 80,000 tpa 

20,483 tpa 
  5,079 tpa 
US$466/ tonne of Zinc (US$ 0.21/ Ib Zinc) 

*Reserves (JORC) plus minable inventory 
**Net of lead and silver credits 

The pre-feasibility study of the Berg Aukas mine demonstrates it to be a viable project. The project has pre-
tax Net Present Values (NPVs), with an effective date of November 2013, using  a discount rate of 10% of 
between US$49 million and US$51 million (best-estimated value), dependent on the processing option 
selected. The post tax NPV is US$29m on best-estimated value, with a pre-tax internal Rate of Return (IRR) 
of 25% in real US$ terms.  

We are also continuing to seek opportunities to enlarge the Lead and Zinc asset base of CAR and grow the 
Company for the benefit of our shareholders. 

The directors continue to seek funding to finance the feasibility study of Berg Aukus. 

Cungen Ding 
Director and Chairman of the Board 
6 May 2016 

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Principal risks and Uncertainties 

Nature of Risk 
Funding Risk  
The  company  will  need  to  secure  additional  funding  to 
complete its feasibility study. 

Impact 
Shortage of cash for completion of the feasibility study. 
Project Risk 
The  feasibility  study  of  Berg  Aukas  is  not  considered 
bankable. 

Impact 
Berg Aukas cannot be developed. 
Currency and Commodity Risk 
The  Group’s  costs  and  the  feasibility  of  its  projects  are 
affected  by  exchange  rate  movements  between  the  US 
dollar and other currencies specifically the Namibian dollar 
and sterling. 

Impact 
Costs increase and revenue decreases. 

Human Resources Risk 
The  achievement  of 
the  Group’s  objectives  will  be 
dependent on the Group attracting qualified and motivated 
staff. 

How we manage it 
We  believe  the  Berg  Aukas  feasibility  study  will  be 
attractive  to  investors.  Ongoing  costs  have  been  reduced 
to  the  minimum  and  the  Group  can  look  to  its  key 
shareholders for support until investment is found. 

We  manage  the  project  in  stages  to  minimise  investment 
at each decision making point. 
We have already completed the pre feasibility study for the 
Berg Aukas mine which indicates the potential feasibility of 
the project. 

Management and Directors review trends in the commodity 
markets  and  exchange  rates  on  a  regular  basis  when 
considering the Group’s risk management strategy. 

The Namibian dollar has been a depreciating currency for 
several  years.  As  funding  and  revenue  is  generally 
denominated  in  US  dollars  this  reduces  costs.  The  Group 
will  review  the  need  to  hedge  commodity  prices  as  and 
when appropriate. 

The  Group  maintains  balances  in  the  UK  in  sterling  and 
US dollar to reduce risk. 
The  Group  outsources  the  development  of  its  project  to 
Weatherly 
International  plc  who  has  an  established 
presence  in  Namibia.  Weatherly  will  also  assist  in  the 
recruitment stage when appropriate. 

Impact 
The  efficiency  of  a  particular  aspect  of  the  Group’s 
reduced 
operations  could  be  affected 
profitability. 

leading 

to 

Country Risk 
Some  investors  may  perceive  Namibia  as  a  high  risk 
country in which to operate. 

Impact 
Legal,  regulatory  or  political  changes  could  impact  on  the 
Group’s operations. 

The  Fraser  Institute  annual  survey  of  mining  destinations 
(2015)  rates  Namibia  as  the  top  country  in  Africa  for 
investment  attractiveness.  The  Government  pursues  a 
constant strategy of encouraging investment in the country 
and  is  keen  to  keep  the  climate  attractive  for  foreign 
investors.  

Business Review & Development 

A review of the business and its operations can be found in the Chairman’s statement on page 2. 

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Key Performance indicators 

KPI 
Shareholder returns 

Measure 
Share price performance 

Cash flows 

Cash balances 

Performance of mine development 

Achievement of project milestones 

Performance 
The  company’s  share  price  dropped 
from  11.5p to 4.1p in a year that was 
generally  punishing  for  the  mining 
sector.  Improvements  in  the  coming 
year  will  be  dependent  on  whether  to 
progress  to  a  full  feasibility  study  or 
not. 
from 
reduced 
Cash 
US$1.2m 
to  $0.7m.  The  Group 
implemented  a  series  of  cost  savings 
initiatives  to  reduce  the  cash  burn 
going forward. 
The  pre  feasibility  study  indicates  the 
Berg  Aukas  mine 
is  a  viable 
development project. 

balances 

Corporate and Social Responsibility Report (CSR) 

China Africa Resources plc is committed to complying with all Health and Safety, environmental and social legislation in 
the countries in which it operates and protecting the health and general well being of its employees and contractors. It is 
committed to preserving the environment and the communities in the areas where we operate. 

Environment 

Concern  for  the  environment  is  of  upmost  importance  to  China  Africa  Resources  plc.  As  well  as  meeting  all  the 
environmental  standards  required  by  Namibian  legislation  it  is  our  policy  to  reduce  to  a  minimum  the  potential 
environmental impact of our activities and have a positive impact on the areas in which we operate. 

Health, Safety and Security 

The health, safety and security of the personnel and communities in which we operate takes priority in the management 
of  our  operations.  Our  goal  is  to  prevent  injury  and  ill  health  to  employees  and  contractors  by  providing  a  safe  and 
healthy working environment and by minimising risks associated with occupational hazards. 

Business Ethics 

China  Africa  Resources  plc  is  committed  to  carrying  out  all  its  operations  with  high  moral  and  legal  standards.  China 
Africa  Resources  plc  has  an  anti-corruption  and  anti-bribery  policy  which  are  in  line  with  the  requirements  of  the  UK 
Bribery Act. Staff and contractors are made aware of their obligations both on recruitment and by periodical updates. 

The  strategic  Report  on  pages  2-4  was  approved  by  the  Board  of  Directors  on  6  March  2016  and  was  signed  on  its 
behalf by Cungen Ding, Chairman of the Board. 

Cungen Ding 
Director and Chairman of the Board 
6 May 2016 

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Directors’ report 

Principal activity 

The  principal activity  of  China  Africa  Resources  Plc  is  the exploration  and  development of  base  metals,  primarily  lead 
and zinc. 

The  subsidiary  undertaking  principally  affecting  the  profits  or  net  assets  of  the  Group  in  the  period  is  China  Africa 
Resources Namibia (pty) Ltd. 

Business review and future development 

A review of the business and future developments of the Group are included within the  Chairman’s statement and the 
strategic report on pages 2-4. 

Results and dividends 

During the year the Group made a loss of US$0.6 million (2014- US$0.8m). The loss incurred during the year consists of 
costs  of  running  the  head  office  in  London  and  associated  listing  and  regulatory  requirements.  All  costs  of  the  Berg 
Aukas feasibility study have been capitalised. The Directors do not recommend payment of a dividend (2014: nil). 

Going concern 

In common with many exploration and development companies, the Company raises finance for its activities in discrete 
tranches.  The  Group  and  the  Company  has  not  generated  revenues  from  operations.  As  such,  the  Group’s  and 
Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern assumptions will depend upon a number of matters including 
future successful capital raisings for necessary funding or loans from third parties. 

In order to continue to meet the Group’s working capital needs, loan repayments and development plans further funding 
will be required. In the event that the Company is unable to secure further finance either through third parties or capital 
raising, it may not be able to fully develop its projects or meet its working capital requirements. In the absence of such 
further financing opportunities being successful, there exists a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the 
entity’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  and  therefore,  it  may  be  unable  to  realise  it’s  assets  and  discharge  its 
liabilities in the ordinary course of business.  

Post reporting date events 

No  matters  or  circumstances  have  arisen  since  the  end  of  the  period  to  the  date  of  signature  of  these  financial 
statements which significantly affected or may significantly affect the operations of the Group or Company, the results of 
those operations or the state of affairs of the Group or Company in future financial years. 

Directors 

The  Directors  who  served  during  the  year  ended  31  December  2015  and  up  to  the  date  of  signing  the  financial 
statements were as follows: 

Cungen Ding 
Roderick Webster  
John Bryant  
Frank Lewis  
Li Ming   
James Richards    
Jingbin Tian  
Wuming Wang 

Non Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive Officer 

(Resigned 16 November 2015) 

All directors except Roderick Webster were non executives. 

Directors' indemnities 

China Africa Resources plc maintained liability insurance for its Directors and officers during the period and also as at the 
date of the report of the Directors. This Group cover extends to and includes the Directors and officers of the subsidiary 
Company. 

Financial instruments 

The financial risk management policies and objectives are set out in detail in Note 23 of the financial statements. 

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CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
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Information on exposure to risks 

Price and cash flow risks are discussed in the Strategic report on page 3, while credit and liquidity risks are covered in 
note 23. 

Statement as to disclosure of information to auditors 

The Directors who were in office on the date of approval of these financial statements have confirmed, as far as they are 
aware,  that  there  is  no  relevant  audit  information  of  which  the  auditors  are  unaware.  Each  of  the  Directors  have 
confirmed  that  they  have  taken  all  the  steps  that  they  ought  to  have  taken  as  Directors  in  order  to  make  themselves 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that it has been communicated to the auditor. 

Auditors 

BDO LLP have expressed their willingness to continue in office and a resolution to re-appoint them as auditors will be 
proposed at the next annual general meeting. 

By order of the Board 

Rod Webster 
Director 
6 May 2016 

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Directors’ Remuneration Report 

The  Group  remunerate  the  Directors  at  a  level  commensurate  with  the  size  of  the  Group  and  the  experience  of  its 
Directors. Only the two Independent Non–Executive Directors are remunerated directly by China Africa Resources Plc as 
the other Directors are all remunerated directly by the company that nominated them to the Board of Directors. However 
as the Group grows it will be necessary to recruit senior management and the Remuneration Committee will review the 
Directors’ remuneration and that of senior management to ensure that it upholds the objectives of the Group with regard 
to  this  issue.    Details  of  Directors’  emoluments  and  of  payments  made  for  professional  services  rendered  are  set  out 
below: 

2015 

Frank Lewis 

James Richards 

Fees 
US$'000 

Other 
  Benefits 
US$'000 

Total 
US$'000 

40 

40 

80 

- 

- 

- 

40 

40 

80 

2014 

Frank Lewis 

James Richards 

Fees 
US$'000 

Other 
  Benefits 
US$'000 

Total 
US$'000 

49 

49 

98 

- 

- 

- 

49 

49 

98 

On behalf of the Remuneration Committee 

James Richards 
Non Executive Director 
6 May 2016 

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Corporate governance 

Introduction 

The Board of Directors is committed to high standards of corporate governance. 

The Board is accountable to its shareholders for good governance, and the statement below is based on the review of 
corporate  governance  that  was  carried  out  prior  to  the  listing  of  the  Company  on  AIM  and  as  reviewed  by  the  Audit 
Committee and describes how the principles of good governance have been applied. Due to the size and nature of its 
operations the Group does not seek to comply with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code in its entirety. 

Constitution of the Board 

During  the  year  there  were  two  Board  meetings,  two  Audit  Committee  Meetings  and  no  Remuneration  Committee 
meetings or Nomination Committee meetings. Attendance at the Board meetings is shown below. 

The Directors’ attendance was as follows: 

Number of meetings 

Cungen Ding 
Roderick Webster  
John Bryant  
Frank Lewis  
Li Ming   
James Richards    
Jingbin Tian  
Wuming Wang 

Committees of the Board 

Non Executive Chairman   (2/2) 
(1/2) 
Chief Executive Officer 
(2/2) 
(2/2) 
(1/2) 
(2/2) 
(1/2) 
(1/2) 

Senior Independent 

The Audit Committee is made up of Frank Lewis (Chairman), John Bryant, James Richards and Cungen Ding. 

Attendance was as follows: 

Frank Lewis  
John Bryant  
Cungen Ding 
James Richards    

Chairman 

Number of meetings 
(2/2) 
(2/2) 
(2/2) 
(2/2) 

The  Audit  Committee meets as  required.  It  reviews  the  financial  reports  and  accounts and  the preliminary  and  interim 
statements, including the Board’s statement on internal financial control in the annual report, prior to their submission to 
the Board for approval. The Audit Committee also reviews corporate governance within the Group and reports on this to 
the Board. In addition, it assesses the overall performance of the external auditor including scope, cost effectiveness and 
objectivity of the audit. 

The Audit Committee is also charged with reviewing the independence of the external auditor and monitors the level of 
non-audit fees. These fees are disclosed in note 7. In the opinion of the Audit Committee, which has reviewed these fees 
and the procedures that BDO have in place to ensure they retain their independence, the auditor’s independence is not 
compromised.  The  Committee  met  twice  in  2015  to  perform  its  functions  in  respect  of  the  review  of  the  Report  and 
Accounts.  

The  Audit  Committee  can  meet  for  private  discussion  with  the  external  auditor,  who  attends  its  meetings  as  required.  
The Company Secretary acts as secretary to the committee. 

The Remuneration Committee is made up of James Richards (Chairman), Frank Lewis and John Bryant. Jingbin Tian 
served until his resignation from the Board on 16 November 2015. 

The Remuneration Committee did not meet in 2015.  It should be noted that the Board has determined the remuneration 
of  the  Independent  Non-Executive  Directors.    All  the  other  Directors  do  not  receive  any  direct  remuneration  from  the 
Company but are paid by the company that nominated them to the Board.  In the future as the Company develops the 
Remuneration Committee will determine on behalf of the Board, the Group’s policy on executive remuneration and the 
remuneration packages for executive Directors. It would also approve and administer any executive share option scheme 
and the grant of options as part of a remuneration package.   

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CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
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The Nominations Committee is made up of Wuming Wang (Chairman), James Richards and Frank Lewis and did not 
meet during the period under review. 

Internal control 

The Board is responsible for reviewing and approving the adequacy and effectiveness of the Group’s internal controls, 
including financial and operational control, risk management and compliance. 

The  key  elements  of  the  Group’s  internal  control  are  set  out  in  the  Accounting  Procedures  Manual  and  the  Board 
Protocol and contain: 

 
 

 

 

 

 

a clearly defined structure for the Group, its subsidiaries and management teams; 
powers which the Board has reserved for itself. These include the approval of all business plans and budgets 
for  the  Group  and  its  subsidiary,  the  establishment  of  subsidiary  companies  and  appointment  of  Directors  to 
them, and the process for project approval and capital expenditure; 
terms  of  reference  for  the  Audit,  Remuneration  and  Nominations  Committees,  which  define  the  roles  of  their 
members; 
information  about  how  often  the  Board  should  meet  (as  a  minimum)  and  an  annual  cycle  of  meetings.  This 
covers the process for the preparation of Board agendas and, Board papers and their prior consideration by the 
Management team at its weekly meetings; 
detailed business plans and budgets to be approved annually and performance monitored by the Management 
team and Board at its meetings, which occur on a quarterly basis; and 
procedures for the approval of expenditure, the levels of authority and the management controls. 

The Directors acknowledge their responsibility for the Group’s system of internal financial control and risk management, 
and place considerable importance on maintaining this. The Manual of Internal Control and the process for authorisation 
that  it  imposes,  together  with  the  Board  Protocol  setting  out  the  process  for  authorising  business  plans,  budgets  and 
projects,  form  an  important  part  of  our  decision  making  process;  however,  this  can  only  provide  reasonable  and  not 
absolute assurance against material errors, losses or fraud. 

There  is  currently  no  internal  audit  function  within  the  Group  owing  to  the  small  size  of  the  administrative  function. 
However, there is a high level of review by Directors and a clear requirement for them to authorise transactions. Should 
the need for a separate internal audit function become apparent, the Board will establish one. 

The  Board  Protocol  and  the  Accounting  Procedures  Manual  have  both  been  updated  and  refined  as  China  Africa 
Resources Plc business evolves and grows.  

Bribery Act 

At its Board Meeting on 16 May 2011 the Company adopted a Policy for Compliance with the Bribery Act 2010 together 
with a set of Management Procedures; these were reviewed by the Audit Committee at its meetings in March 2015. 

Relations with shareholders 

The Company endeavours to maintain communication with shareholders through regulatory announcements, via the 
Company’s website and by direct contact with its major shareholders.  The Board values the views of its shareholders 
and fosters continuing dialogue with investment and fund managers, other investors and equity analysts to ensure that 
the investing community receives an informed view of the Group’s prospects, plans and progress.  

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Directors’ responsibilities 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  strategic  report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable law and regulations.  

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law the Directors 
have  elected  to  prepare  the  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.  Under company law the Directors must not approve 
the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true  and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group 
and  Company  and of  the  profit  or loss  of  the  Group and  Company  for  that  period.    The Directors  are  also required to 
prepare financial statements in accordance with the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities 
on the Alternative Investment Market.   

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

 
  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
 

state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, subject 
to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; 
prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis  unless  it  is  inappropriate  to  presume  that  the 
Company will continue in business. 

 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate  accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the 
Company’s  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial  position  of  the  company  and 
enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  They are 
also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company  and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention 
and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Website publication 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  ensuring  the  annual  report  and  the  financial  statements  are  made  available  on  a 
website.    Financial  statements  are  published  on  the  Company's  website  in  accordance  with  legislation  in  the  United 
Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in other 
jurisdictions.    The  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  Company's  website  is  the  responsibility  of  the  Directors.    The 
Directors' responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. 

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Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of China Africa Resources plc 

We have audited the financial statements of China Africa Resources Plc for the  year ended 31 December 2015 which 
comprise  the  consolidated  income  statement,  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income,  the  consolidated 
and  Company  statement  of  financial  position,  the  consolidated  and  Company  statement  of  changes  in  equity,  the 
consolidated and Company cash flow statements and the related notes.  The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the 
European Union and as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions 
of the Companies Act 2006. 

This  report  is  made  solely  to  the  company’s  members,  as  a  body,  in  accordance  with  Chapter  3  of  Part  16  of  the 
Companies  Act  2006.    Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the  company’s  members  those 
matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted 
by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the Company’s members as a 
body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Respective responsibilities of Directors and auditors 

As explained more fully in the statement of Directors’ responsibilities, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of 
the  financial  statements  and  for  being  satisfied  that  they  give  a  true  and  fair  view.    Our  responsibility  is  to  audit  and 
express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing 
(UK  and  Ireland).    Those  standards  require  us  to  comply  with  the  Financial  Reporting  Council’s  (FRC’s)  Ethical 
Standards for Auditors.  

Scope of the audit of the financial statements 

A  description  of 
www.frc.org.uk/auditscope/private.cfm.  

the  scope  of  an  audit  of 

financial  statements 

is  provided  on 

the  FRC’s  website  at 

Opinion on financial statements 

In our opinion:  

 

 

 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and the parent  company’s affairs as at 
31 December 2015 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 

the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European 
Union; 

the parent Company’s financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance  with IFRS’S as adopted by 
the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 

 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  

Emphasis of matter – Going concern 

In  forming  our  opinion  on  the  financial  statements,  which  is  not  modified,  we  have  considered  the  adequacy  of  the 
disclosures made in note 3 to the financial statements concerning the Group’s and the Company’s ability to continue as a 
going concern. The Directors note that additional funds need to be raised either through equity raisings or other financial 
arrangements. This cannot be guaranteed and there are no legally binding agreements in place relating to the raising of 
additional funds. These circumstances indicate the existence of a material uncertainty, which may cast significant doubt 
on  the  Group  and  the  Company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern.  The  financial  statements  do  not  include  the 
adjustments that would result if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern.  

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In  our  opinion  the  information  given  in  the  Strategic  Report  and  Directors’  Report  for  the  financial  year  for  which  the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements.  

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you 
if, in our opinion: 

 

 

 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Scott Knight (senior statutory auditor) 
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, statutory auditor 
London, United Kingdom 
6 May 2016 

BDO  LLP  is  a  limited  liability  partnership  registered  in  England  and  Wales  (with  registered  number 
OC305127). 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Consolidated income statement 
For the year ended 31 December 2015 

Year 
ended  
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Year 
ended  
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

(546) 

(546) 

(16) 

(562) 

(784) 

(784) 

(49) 

(833) 

-      

-   

(562) 

(833) 

Year 
ended  
31 December 
2015 

Year 
ended  
31 December 
2014 

(2.44c) 

(3.61c) 

Note 

6 

10 

11 

Administrative expenses 

Operating loss 

Finance cost 

Loss for the year before taxation 

Tax expense 

Loss for the year attributable to the equity 
holders of the parent 

Loss per share expressed in US cents 

Basic and diluted attributable to the equity 
holders of the parent 

12 

All amounts relate to continuing activities during the period. 

The notes on pages 18 to 37 form part of these financial statements. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

13 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
For the year ended 31 December 2015 

Loss for the year attributable to the equity 
holders of the parent 

Items that may be reclassified to profit and 
loss 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign 
operations 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 
attributable to equity holders of the parent 

Year 
ended  
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Year 
ended  
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 
(Restated) 

(562) 

(833) 

(1,351) 

(504) 

(1,913) 

(1,337) 

The notes on pages 18 to 37 form part of these financial statements. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

14 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Consolidated and Company statements of financial position 
As at 31 December 2015 

Group 
      as at 
31 December 
2015 

US$'000 

Group 
      as at 
31 December 
2014 

US$'000 
(Restated) 

Group 
      as at 
1 January 
2014 

US$'000 
(Restated) 

Company 
      as at 
31 December 
2015 

Company 
      as at 
31 December 
2014 

US$'000 

US$'000 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and 

equipment 

Investment in subsidiary 
Loans to subsidiaries 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 

Trade and other 

receivables 

Cash and cash 

equivalents 

Not
e 

13 

14 
15 
16 

17 

18 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 
Loans 

19 
20 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Equity 

21 

Share capital 
Share premium 
Merger relief reserve 
Foreign exchange reserve 
Retained deficit 

Equity attributable to 
shareholders of the parent 
company 

-   

-   
3,567  
-   

3,567  

17  

645  

662  

-   

-   
4,156  
4,789  

8,945  

18  

1,105  

1,123  

4,229  

10,068  

(68) 
(200) 

(268) 

(178) 
- 

(178) 

3,137  

4,474  

4,940  

3  
- 
- 

9  
- 
- 

14  
- 
- 

3,140  

4,483  

4,954  

24  

1,151  

1,175  

5,658  

(178) 
- 

(178) 

77  

1,922  

1,999  

6,953  

(136) 
- 

(136) 

22  

675  

697  

3,837  

(70) 
(200) 

(270) 

3,567  

377  
6,556  
4,052  
(3,968) 
(3,450) 

5,480  

6,817  

3,961  

9,890  

377  
6,556  
4,052  
(2,617) 
(2,888) 

377  
6,607  
4,052  
(2,113) 
(2,106) 

377  
6,556  
4,052  
- 
(7,024) 

377  
6,556  
4,052  
- 
(1,095) 

3,567  

5,480  

6,817  

3,961  

9,890  

The financial statements were approved by the Board on 6 May 2016 and signed on behalf of the Board by: 

R J Webster 
Chief Executive Officer 

The notes on pages 18 to 37 form part of these financial statements. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

15 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Consolidated and Company statements of changes in equity 
For the year ended 31 December 2015 

The Group 

Balance at 31 December 2013 

Prior year adjustment 

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Merger 
relief 
reserve 

Foreign 
exchange 
reserve 

Retained 
deficit 

Total 

US$'000  US$'000 

US$'000 

US$'000  US$'000  US$'000 

377  
- 

6,607  
- 

4,052  
- 

(724) 

(1,389) 

(2,106) 
- 

8,206  

(1,389) 

Balance at 31 December 2013 (Restated) 

377  

6,607  

4,052  

(2,113) 

(2,106) 

6,817  

Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income 

Exchange differences on translation of 
foreign operations (Restated) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(833) 

(833) 

(504) 

-   

(504) 

Total Comprehensive income 

377  

6,607  

4,052  

(2,617) 

(2,939) 

5,480  

Share based payments 

- 

(51) 

- 

- 

51  

- 

Balance at 31 December 2014 (Restated) 

Loss for the period 

377  
- 

6,556  
- 

4,052  
- 

(2,617) 
- 

(2,888) 

(562) 

5,480  

(562) 

Other comprehensive income 

Exchange differences on translation of 
foreign operations 

- 

- 

- 

(1,351) 

-   

(1,351) 

Balance at 31 December 2015 

377  

6,556  

4,052  

(3,968) 

(3,450) 

3,567  

The Company 
Balance at 31 December 2013 

Loss for the period 

Total Comprehensive income 

Share based payments 

Balance at 31 December 2014 

Loss for the period 

377  
- 

6,607  
- 

4,052  
- 

377  

6,607  

4,052  

- 

(51) 

-   

377  
- 

6,556  
- 

4,052  
- 

-   
-   

-   

-   

-   
-   

(1,060) 

9,976  

(86) 

(86) 

(1,146) 

9,890  

51  

- 

(1,095) 

9,890  

(5,929) 

(5,929) 

Balance at 31 December 2015 

377  

6,556  

4,052  

-   

(7,024) 

3,961  

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within owners’ equity 

Reserve 

Share capital 

Share premium 

Merger relief reserve  

Foreign exchange reserve 

Retained deficit 

Description and purpose 

Nominal value of shares issued. 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value. 

Reserve  created  on  issue  of  shares  on  acquisition  of  its  subsidiary  in  accordance 
with Companies Act 2006 provisions.  
Cumulative translation differences of net assets of subsidiary. 

Cumulative  net  gains  and  losses  recognised  in  the  consolidated  statement  of 
comprehensive income. 

The notes on pages 18 to 37 form part of these financial statements. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

16 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Consolidated and Company cash flow statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2015 

Note
s 

14 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Loss for the year 
Adjusted by: 
Depreciation 
Unrealised exchange losses 
Impairment of loans to subsidiaries 
Non cash items within loans to subsidiary 
company 

Movements in working capital 
Decrease in trade and other receivables 
(Decrease) / increase in trade and other 
payables 

17 

19 

Group 
Year 
ended 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Group 
Year 
ended 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Company 
Year 
ended 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
Year 
ended 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

(562) 

(833) 

(5,929) 

4  
(33) 

-   

-   

(591) 

2  

(120) 

4  
(47) 

-   

-   

(876) 

53  

42  

- 
(37) 
588  

4,789  

(589) 

2  

(110) 

(86) 

- 
(37) 
- 

(736) 

(859) 

54  

47  

Net cash used in operating activities 

(709) 

(781) 

(697) 

(758) 

Cash flows used in investing activities 
Payments for evaluation of feasibility studies 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows used in financing activities 

Receipt of loans 

Net cash inflow from financing activities 

-   

-   

200  

200  

(37) 

(37) 

-   

-   

-   

200  

200  

-   

-   

-   

Decrease in cash 

(509) 

(818) 

(497) 

(758) 

Reconciliation to net cash 
Opening cash balance 
Decrease in cash 
Foreign exchange movements 

1,151  
(509) 
33  

1,922  
(818) 
47  

1,105  
(497) 
37  

1,826  
(758) 
37  

Cash and cash equivalents at year end 

18 

675  

1,151  

645  

1,105  

The notes on pages 18 to 37 form part of these financial statements.

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

17 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
For the 12 month year ended 31 December 2015 

1.  NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND GENERAL INFORMATION 

China Africa Resources plc and subsidiary (“the Group's”) principal activities include exploration and evaluation of mining 
assets. 

China  Africa  Resources  plc  is  incorporated  and  domiciled  in  England.  The  address  of  China  Africa  Resources  plc's 
registered  office,  which  is  also  its  principal  place  of  business,  is  180  Piccadilly,  London  W1J  9HF.  China  Africa 
Resources plc's shares are listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange. 

China  Africa  Resources  plc’s  financial  statements  are  presented  in  United  States  dollars  (US$),  which  is  also  the 
functional currency of the parent company. 

These consolidated financial statements were approved for issue by the Board of Directors on 6 May 2016. 

2.  STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS NOT YET APPLIED BY THE GROUP 

2.1  Overall considerations 

The  company  has  adopted  the  new  interpretations,  revisions  and  amendments  to  IFRS  issued  by  the  International 
Accounting Standards Board. 

The adoption had no significant effects on current, prior or future periods due to the first-time application of these new 
requirements  in  respect  of  presentation,  recognition  and  measurement.  An  overview  of  relevant  new  standards, 
amendments and interpretations to IFRS's issued but not yet effective is given in note 2.2. 

2.2  Standards,  amendments  and  interpretations  to  existing  standards  that  are  not  yet  effective  and  have  not 

been adopted early by the company 

At  the  date  of  authorisation  of  these  financial  statements,  certain  new  standards,  amendments  and  interpretations  to 
existing standards have been published but are not yet effective, and have not been adopted early by the Group. 

Management  anticipates  that  all  of  the  pronouncements  will  be  adopted  in  the  Group's  accounting  policy  for  the  first 
period beginning after the effective date of the pronouncement. The new standards and interpretations are not expected 
to have a material impact on the Group's financial statements. 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Financial Instruments (effective 1 January 2018) (not yet EU adopted) 

IFRS 9 
IFRS 5   Non Current assets held for resale and discontinued operations (effective 1 January 2016) 
IFRS 10  The narrow-scope amendments to IFRS 10 Consolidates Financial Statements (effective 1 January 
2016) 
IFRS 11  Amendments to Joint Arrangements (effective 1 January 2016) 
IFRS 12  Amendments to Disclosure of Interest in Other Entities (effective 1 January 2016) 
IAS 1  Amendments to Presentation of Financial Statements (effective 1 January 2016) 
IAS 16  Amendments to Property, Plant and Equipment (effective 1 January 2016) 
IAS19  Amendments to Employee Benefits (effective 1 January 2016) 
IAS 27  Amendments to Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements (effective 1 January 2016) 
IAS 28  Amendments to Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (effective 1 January 2016) 
IAS 34  Amendments to Interim Financial Reporting (effective 1 January 2016) 
IAS 38  Amendments to Intangible Assets (effective 1 January 2016) 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Basis of preparation 

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as 
adopted by the European Union. 

Going concern 

In common with many exploration and development companies,  the Company raises finance for its activities in discrete 
tranches.  The  Group  and  the  Company  has  not  generated  revenues  from  operations.  As  such,  the  Group’s  and 
Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern assumptions will depend upon a number of matters including 
future successful capital raisings for necessary funding or loans from third parties. 

In order to continue to meet the Group’s working capital needs, loan repayments and development plans further funding 
will be required either through equity raisings or other financial arrangements. This cannot be guaranteed and there are 
no legally binding agreements in place relating to the raising of additional funds. In the event that the Company is unable 
to secure further finance it may not be able to fully develop its projects or meet its working capital requirements. In the 
absence  of  such  further  financing  opportunities  being  successful,  there  exists  a  material  uncertainty  that  may  cast 
significant  doubt  on  the  entity’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  and  therefore,  it  may  be  unable  to  realise  it’s 
assets and discharge its liabilities in the ordinary course of business.  

Basis of consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the company and entities controlled by the 
company  (its  subsidiary)  made  up  to  31  December  each  year.  The  company  controls  an  investee  if  all  three  of  the 
following elements are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns from the investee and the ability of 
the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns. 

The results of acquired operations are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the date on 
which control is obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date on which control ceases. 

Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used 
into line with those used by the Group. 

All  intra-Group  transactions,  balances,  income  and  expenses  and  intra-Group  unrealised  profits  and  losses  are 
eliminated on consolidation. 

Intangible assets 

Exploration and evaluation costs 

Exploration and evaluation expenditure in relation to each separate area of interest are recognised as an exploration  and 
evaluation asset in the period in which they are incurred where the following conditions are satisfied: 

(i) 

the rights to tenure of the area of interest are current; and 

(ii)  at least one of the following conditions must also be met: 

(a)  The exploration and evaluation expenditures are expected to be recouped through successful development and 

exploration of the area of interest, or alternatively, by its sale, or 

(b)  Exploration  and  evaluation  activities  in  the  area  of  interest  have  not,  at  the  reporting  date,  reached  a  stage 
which  permits  a  reasonable  assessment  of  the  existence  or  otherwise  of  economically  recoverable  reserves, 
and active and significant operations in, or in relation to, the area of interest are continuing. 

Exploration and evaluation assets are initially measured at cost and include the acquisition of rights to explore, studies, 
exploratory drilling, trenching and sampling and associated activities and an allocation of depreciation and amortisation 
of assets used in exploration and evaluation activities. General, administrative and any share based payment costs are 
only included in the measurement of exploration and evaluation costs where they are related directly to exploration and 
evaluation activities in a particular area of interest. 

Exploration expenditure is transferred to property, plant and equipment upon achieving a bankable feasibility study. An 
impairment test is required prior to transfer to property, plant and equipment. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and any provision for impairment. 
Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method to write off the cost of the asset less any residual value over its 
useful economic life as follows:  

Plant and machinery 

3 to 15 years 

Impairment of intangible assets 

At each reporting date, the Group reviews  its intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those 
assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated 
in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are 
independent  from  other  assets,  the  Group  estimates  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  cash-generating  unit  to  which  the 
asset belongs.  

The  recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use.  In  assessing  value  in  use,  the 
estimated  future  cash  flows  are  discounted  to  their  present  value  using  a  pre-tax  discount  rate  that  reflects  current 
market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash 
flows have not been adjusted. 

If  the  recoverable  amount  of  an  asset  (or  cash-generating  unit)  is  estimated  to  be  less  than  its  carrying  amount,  the 
carrying  amount  of  the  asset  (cash-generating  unit)  is  reduced  to  its  recoverable  amount.  An  impairment  loss  is 
recognised as an expense immediately. 

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (cash-generating unit) is increased to 
the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying 
amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (cash-generating unit) in 
prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised as income immediately, unless the relevant asset is carried at 
a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase. 

Foreign currency translation 

The  individual  financial  statements  of  each  Group  company  are  presented  in  the  currency  of  the  primary  economic 
environment in which it operates (its functional currency). For the purpose of the consolidated financial statements, the 
results and financial position of each Group company are expressed in US dollars, which is the functional currency of the 
company and the presentation currency for the consolidated financial statements. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements  of  the  individual  companies,  transactions  in  currencies  other  than  the  entity’s 
functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions.  
At each reporting date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the 
rates  prevailing  on  the  reporting  date.  Non-monetary  items  carried  at  fair  value  that  are  denominated  in  foreign 
currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that 
are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences arising, if any, 
are recognised in profit or loss except for: 

 

exchange differences which relate to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in 
the  cost  of  those  assets  when  they  are  regarded  as  an  adjustment  to  interest  costs  on  foreign  currency 
borrowings; 

Exchange  differences  recognised  in  the  profit  or  loss  in  the  Group  entities’  separate  financial  statements  on  the 
translation of long-term monetary items forming part of the Group’s net investment in the overseas operation concerned 
are reclassified to other comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign exchange reserve on consolidation. 

On  consolidation,  exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the  net  investment  in  foreign  entities  are 
recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  and  accumulated  in  the  Group’s  foreign  currency  translation  reserve.  On 
disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount of exchange differences relating to that operation is reclassified 
from equity to profit or loss. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Taxes 

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. 

The tax currently payable is based on taxable result for the period. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported profit 
or  loss  because  it  excludes  items  of  income  or  expense  that  are  taxable  or  deductible  in  other  years  and  it  further 
excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that 
have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. 

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities  in  the  financial  statements  and  the corresponding  tax  bases  used in  the computation  of  taxable  profit,  and  is 
accounted  for  using  the  balance  sheet  liability  method.  Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  generally  recognised  for  all  taxable 
temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be 
available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if  
the  temporary  difference  arises  from  the  initial  recognition  of  goodwill  or  from  the  initial  recognition  (other  than  in  a 
business  combination)  of  other  assets  and  liabilities  in  a  transaction  that  affects  neither  the  taxable  profit  nor  the 
accounting profit. 

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  for  taxable  temporary  differences  arising  on  investments  in  subsidiaries  and 
associates,  and  interest  in  joint  ventures,  except  where  the  Group  is  able  to  control  the  reversal  of  the  temporary 
difference  and  it  is  expected  that  the  temporary  difference  will  not  reverse  in  the  foreseeable  future.  In  addition,  tax 
losses available to be carried forward as well as other tax credits to the Group are assessed for recognition as deferred 
tax assets. 

The  carrying  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and  reduced  to  the  extent  that  it  is  no 
longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. 

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset 
is  realised.  Deferred  tax  is  charged  or  credited  in  profit  or  loss,  except  when  it  relates  to  items  charged  or  credited 
directly  to  equity,  in  which  case  the  deferred  tax  is  also  dealt  with  in  equity.  Tax  relating  to  items  recognised  in  other 
comprehensive income is recognised in other comprehensive income. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against 
current tax liabilities and when they relate to taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the  Group intends to settle 
its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

Financial instruments, assets and liabilities 

The Group uses financial instruments comprising cash, loans to subsidiaries, trade receivables and trade payables that 
arise from its operations. 

Financial assets 

The  only  financial  assets  currently  held  by  the  Group  are  classified  as  loans  and  receivables  and  cash  and  cash 
equivalents.  These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in 
an  active  market.  They  are  initially  recognised  at  fair  value  plus  transaction  costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  their 
acquisition  or  issue,  and  are  subsequently  carried  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method,  less 
provision for impairment. 

Impairment  provisions  are  recognised  when  there  is  objective  evidence  (such  as significant  financial  difficulties  on  the 
part  of  the  counterparty  or  default  or  significant  delay  in  payment)  that  the  Group  will  be  unable  to  collect  all  of  the 
amounts due under the terms receivable, the amount of such a provision being the difference between the net carrying 
amount and the present value of the future expected cash flows associated with the impaired receivable. For receivables, 
which  are  reported  net,  such provisions  are  recorded  in  a separate  allowance  account with  the  loss  being  recognised 
within  administrative  expenses  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income.  On  confirmation  that  the 
receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision. 

Loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial 
position. 

Included within loans and receivables are cash and cash equivalents which include cash in hand and other short term 
highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less. Any interest earned is accrued monthly and classified as 
interest. Short term deposits comprise deposits made for varying periods of between one day and three months. 

For  the  purposes  of  the  statement  of  cash  flows,  cash  and  cash  equivalents  consist  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  as 
defined above. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Derecognition of financial assets 

The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire; or it 
transfers the asset and substantially all the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. 

Financial liabilities 

Trade  payables  and  other  short-term  monetary  liabilities  are  all  classified  as  other  financial  liabilities.  At  present,  the 
Group does not have any liabilities classified as fair value through profit or loss. 

Trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities, are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently carried at 
amortised cost using the effective interest method.  All interest and other borrowing costs incurred in connection with the 
above are expensed as incurred and reported as part of financing costs in the consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income. 

Derecognition of Financial liabilities 

The Group derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Group’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or 
they expire. 

Investment in Subsidiaries 

In its separate financial statements the Company recognises its investments in subsidiaries at cost, less any provision for 
impairment.  The  cost  of  acquisition  includes  directly  attributable  professional  fees  and  other  expenses  incurred  in 
connection with the acquisition.  It also includes share based payments issued to employees of the Company for services 
provided to subsidiaries. 

Finance Income 

Finance income is recognised as interest accrues using the effective interest method.  

Loans 
Loans  are  recognised  when  the  Group  becomes  a  party  to  the  contractual  provisions  of  the  instrument  and  are 
recognised at fair value plus transaction costs.  

Merger Relief 

The difference between the fair value of an acquisition and the nominal value of the shares allotted in a share exchange 
has been credited to a merger relief reserve account, in accordance with the merger relief provisions of the Companies 
Act 2006 and accordingly no share premium for such transactions has been setup. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

4.  CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY 

In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, described in note 3, the Directors are required to make judgments, 
estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other 
sources.  The  estimates  and  associated  assumptions  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  other  factors  that  are 
considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

The  estimates  and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  Revisions  to  accounting  estimates  are 
recognised  in  the  period  in  which  the  estimate  is  revised  if  the  revision  affects  only  that  period  or  in  the  period  of  the 
revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.  

Critical judgment in applying the Group’s accounting policies 

The following are the critical judgments that the Directors have made in the process of applying the Group’s accounting 
policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in financial statements. 

Impairment of intangibles 

The Group determines whether intangibles are impaired when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount 
may exceed its recoverable amount.  Such indicators include the point at which a determination is made as to whether or 
not a commercial reserve exists. The carrying amount of intangibles at 31 December 2015 was US$3.1 million, (2014- 
US$4.5 million) - refer to note 13. At the end of the year the Directors impaired the inter company loans to subsidiaries in 
order to address the disparity between the Group and Company net assets. 

Prior year adjustment 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2015,  the  Directors  have  identified  that  the  fair 
value uplift of $4.1m attributable to the mining license at Group level should  be considered to have the same functional 
currency as the entity which benefits from the license.  The prior year financial statements have therefore been amended 
to reflect the required accounting. This has resulted in a decrease of US$1.6m in the carrying value of the consolidated 
exploration and evaluation assets previously reported for the period ended 31 December 2014 with the other side of the 
adjustment being to the foreign exchange reserve for the same amount.  

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

5.  OPERATING SEGMENTS 

Operating  segments  are  reported  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  internal  reporting  provided  to  the  Board,  who  are 
responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segment. 

The Group had no operating revenue during the year. 

The  Group  currently  has  one  operating  segment,  the  Mining  segment.  This  segment  is  currently  engaged  in  the 
evaluation of the Berg Aukas Mine in Namibia. 

There is only one segment, therefore all IFRS 8 disclosures are incorporated within other notes to the accounts. 

6.  OPERATING LOSS 

This is stated after charging: 

Staff costs (note 8) 
Auditor's remuneration (note 7) 
Depreciation (note 14) 
Management fee  

7.  AUDITOR’S REMUNERATION 

Remuneration receivable by the company's auditors for the audit of  
these accounts 

Fees payable to the company's auditor and its associates 
for other services: 

Remuneration receivable by associates of the company's auditors for  
the audit of subsidiary accounts 

Total remuneration 

Year ended 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

86  
32  
4  
270  

108  
51  
4  
360  

Year ended 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

30  

47  

2  

32  

4  

51  

8.  EMPLOYEES AND KEY MANAGEMENT 

The  total  Directors’  emoluments  for  the  year  were  US$80,000  (2014-  US$98,000)  and  social  security  payments  were 
US$6,000  (2014  –  US$10,000).  Those  of  the  highest  paid  director  were  US$40,000  (2014  -  US$49,000).  Detailed 
disclosure of Directors’ remuneration is disclosed in the Directors’ remuneration report on page 7. 

The Group averaged 8 (2014 - 8) employees during the year ended 31 December 2015.  

Key management personnel as defined under IAS 24 have been identified as the Board of Directors. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

9.  LOSS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 

The Company has taken advantage of Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not included its own statement 
of comprehensive income in these financial statements.  The Company’s loss for the year was US$5,929,000 (2014- loss 
of US$85,000.) 

10.   FINANCE COSTS 

Finance Costs 
Exchange losses 

Total finance costs 

Year ended 

31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Year ended 

31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

(16) 

(16) 

(49) 

(49) 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

11.  TAX EXPENSE 

Current tax: 
UK corporation tax on the result for the year 

Total current taxation 
Deferred taxation 

Taxation 

Differences explained below: 

Loss before tax 

Loss before tax multiplied by the standard CT rate 20.25% (2014: 
21.49%) 

Effect of: 
Differences in local tax rates 
Tax losses for future utilisation 
Other short term timing differences 

Tax charge for the year 

Unrecognised deferred tax provision 
Short term timing differences 
Tax losses UK 
Tax losses Namibia 

Year ended 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

-      

-      
-      

-      

-   

-   
-   

-   

(562) 

(833) 

(114) 

(179) 

(376) 

212     
278     

(186) 
199  
166  

- 

-   

(816) 
(187) 
(508) 

(429) 
(189) 
(78) 

(1,511) 

(696) 

The deferred tax assets are currently unrecognised as the likelihood of sufficient future taxable profits does not yet meet 
the definition of “probable”. 

The unrecognised deferred tax asset has no expiry period. 

The estimated value of the potential deferred tax asset in respect of losses was measured using an expected tax rate of 
20% and 37.5% for the UK and Namibian tax losses respectively (2014: 20%, 37.5%).  

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

26 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

12.  LOSS PER SHARE 

The calculation of basic and diluted loss per ordinary share is based on the following data: 

Year ended 
31 December 
2015 

Year ended 
31 December 
2014 

Basic and diluted loss per share (US cents) 

(2.44c) 

(3.61c) 

Weighted average number of shares for basic and diluted loss per 
share 

23,076,924  

23,076,924  

The basic and diluted earnings per share have been calculated using the  loss attributable to shareholders of the parent 
company, China Africa Resources plc, of US$562,000 (2014: US$833,000) as the numerator, i.e. no adjustment to loss 
was necessary. The basic and dilutive loss per share are the same as the Group made a loss in the year. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

13.  INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Cost  
At 1 January 2014 

Restatememt of opening balance for exchange 
movements 

At 1 January 2014 
Additions 
Exchange adjustment 

Group 
Mining 
Licenses 

US$'000 
(Restated) 

Group 
Evaluation 
Costs 

US$'000 

Group 
Total 

US$'000 
(Restated) 

4,156  

2,173  

6,329  

(1,389) 

-      

(1,389) 

2,767  

-      

(256) 

2,173  
65  
(275) 

4,940  
65  
(531) 

At 31 December 2014 

2,511  

1,963  

4,474  

Net book value at 31 December 2014 (restated) 
Net book value at 31 December 2013 (restated) 

2,511  
2,767  

1,963  
2,173  

4,474  
4,940  

Cost  
At 1 January 2015 
Additions 
Exchange adjustment 

2,511  

-      

(642) 

1,963  

-      

(695) 

4,474  
-   

(1,337) 

At 31 December 2015 

1,869  

1,268  

3,137  

Net book value at 31 December 2015 
Net book value at 31 December 2014 (restated) 

1,869  
2,511  

1,268  
1,963  

3,137  
4,474  

The mining licenses and evaluation costs relate to the Berg Aukas mine in Namibia. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2015,  the  Directors  have  identified  that  the  fair 
value  uplift  of  US$4.1m  attributable  to  the  mining  license  at  Group  level  should  be  considered  to  have  the  same 
functional currency (Namibian dollars) as the entity which benefits from the license.  The prior year financial statements 
have  therefore  been  amended  to  reflect  the  required  accounting.  This  has  resulted  in  a  decrease  of  US$1.6m  in  the 
carrying  value  of  the  consolidated  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  previously  reported  for  the  period  ended  31 
December 2014 with the other side of the adjustment being to the foreign exchange reserve for the same amount.  

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

14.  PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Cost  
At 1 January 2014 
Exchange adjustment 

At 31 December 2014 

Depreciation 
At 1 January 2014 
Charge for the year for depreciation 
Exchange adjustment 

At 31 December 2014 

Net book value at 31 December 2014 
Net book value at 31 December 2013 

Cost  
At 1 January 2015 
Exchange adjustment 

At 31 December 2015 

Depreciation 
At 1 January 2015 
Charge for the year for depreciation 
Exchange adjustment 

At 31 December 2015 

Net book value at 31 December 2015 
Net book value at 31 December 2014 

Group 

US$'000 

23  
(2) 

21  

9  
4  
(1) 

12  

9  
14  

21  
(6) 

15  

12  
4  
(4) 

12  

3  
9  

All property plant and equipment can be classified as mobile plant. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

29 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

15.  INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDARY 

China Africa Resources Namibia (pty) Ltd 

Opening balance 

Impairment 

Company 
      as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
      as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

4,156  

(589) 

4,156  

- 

3,567  

4,156  

China  Africa  Resources  Namibia  (pty)  Ltd  is  100%  owned  by  China  Africa  Resources  plc  and  is  incorporated  in  the 
Republic of Namibia. 

On 1 August 2011 the Group acquired 100% of the voting equity instruments of China  Africa Resources Namibia (pty) 
Ltd  a  company  whose  principal  activity  is  exploration  and  evaluation  of  mining  assets  in  Namibia.  The  company  was 
acquired by the issuing of 6,326,923 ordinary 1p shares at a price of 40p being the price on the date of acquisition. The 
acquisition price was converted to US dollars at an exchange rate of 1.642. The principal reason for this acquisition was 
to develop the Berg Aukas Mine in Namibia.  

The impairment recorded within the year has been charged to the company’s income statement. An impairment provision 
was considered appropriate given the disparity between the Group and Company Net Assets. 

16.  LOANS TO SUBSIDARIES 

China Africa Resources Namibia (pty) Ltd 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

-      

-      

4,789  

4,789  

The    intercompany  loan  is  was  fully  impaired  in  the  year  in  order  to  address  the  disparity  between  the  Group  and 
Company  Net  Assets.  The  loan  remains   repayable in  November  2018  and is unsecured.  The  loan  attracts  interest  of 
US$ 12 month libor +2%. 

17.  TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

Prepayments 
Sales Taxes 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

12  
10  

22  

12  
12  

24  

12  
5  

17  

12  
6  

18  

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

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CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

18.  CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Cash and short term deposits 

675  

1,151  

645  

1,105  

19.  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES - CURRENT 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Trade payables 
Other payables and accruals 

34  
36  

70  

136  
42  

178  

34  
34  

68  

136  
42  

178  

Trade and other payables are non interest bearing and normally settled in the month following date of invoice. 

20.  LOANS 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Total loans 
Short term portion of loan 

200  
(200) 

Long term portion of loans 

-      

- 
- 

- 

200  
(200) 

-      

- 
- 

- 

The loan from the Group’s parent HK ECE, is unsecured and bears interest at 12 month libor and is repayable on 30 
June 2016. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

31 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

21.  SHARE CAPITAL 

Allotted, called up and fully paid 

Ordinary shares of  0.1p converted at an 
exchange rate of £:USD 1.642, except for 
the share capital at incorporation, which was 
converted at an exchange rate of £:USD 
1.6032 

31 December 
2015 
US$ 

31 December 
2014 
US$ 

31 December 
2015 
£ 

31 December 
2014 
£ 

377,001  

377,001  

230,769  

230,769  

31 December 
2015 

31 December 
2014 

Number of ordinary 0.1p shares in issue 

  23,076,924  

   23,076,924  

22.  CAPITAL AND CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS 

There were no capital or contractual commitments at 31 December 2015 (2014- nil.). 

23.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Significant accounting policies 
Details  of  the  significant  accounting  policies  and  methods  adopted,  including  the  criteria  for  recognition,  the  basis  of 
measurement and the basis on which income and expenses are recognised, in respect of each class of financial asset, 
financial liability and equity instrument, are disclosed in note 3.  

The  only  financial  assets  currently  held  by  the  Group  are  classified  as  loans  and  receivables  and  cash  and  cash 
equivalents.   

Categories of financial instruments 

The  carrying  amounts  presented  in  the  statement  of  financial  position  relate  to  the  following  categories  of  assets  and 
liabilities. 

              Carrying value 

        Carrying value 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

- 
10  
675  

- 
12  
1,151  

-      
5  
645  

4,789  
6  
1,105  

685  

1,163  

650  

5,900  

(70) 
(200) 

(178) 
- 

(68) 
(200) 

(178) 
- 

Financial assets 
Current 
Loans and receivables 
     Intercompany receivables 
     Trade and other receivables 
     Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities 
Current- Amortised cost 
Trade and other payables 
Loans 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

(270) 

(178) 

(268) 

(178) 

32 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

As at 31 December 2015 there were no trade receivables that were past due (2014- nil)  and all are believed to be 
recoverable. 

All financial liabilities are repayable within one year. 

The fair value is equivalent to book value for current assets and liabilities. Non-current liabilities are discounted at 
prevailing interest rates for both the long and short term elements. 

The main risks arising from the Group’s financial instruments are liquidity risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and foreign 
currency risk. The Directors review and agree policies for managing these risks and these are summarised below. 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk arises from the Group’s management of working capital. It is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty 
in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due. As noted elsewhere in the financial statements the Group’s short term 
loan  of  $200,000  from  its  shareholder  HK  ECE  falls  due  for  repayment  on  30  June  2016.  The  Directors  are  current 
assessing the Group’s options in respect of raising additional finance for the business.  

The Directors monitor cash flow on a daily basis and at quarterly Board meetings in the context of their expectations for 
the business, in order to ensure sufficient liquidity is available to meet foreseeable needs.  

Credit risk 

The  Company  monitors  the  credit  risk  of  its  intercompany  loan  through  its  management  accounts  and  assesses  the 
subsidiary’s ability to repay the loans. It also monitors the political risk within Namibia and its effect on the loan’s credit 
worthiness.  Under  existing contractual arrangement loans with  subsidiary  is  repayable  in  November  2018.  Repayment 
will be dependent on the mine going into production and repayment terms will be extended if necessary. 

Interest rate risk 

The Group’s policy is to minimise interest rate cash flow exposures on long term financing. At 31 December 2015, the 
Group  was  exposed  to  changes  in  market  interest  rates  through  its  Parent  Company,  which  are  subject  to  variable 
interest rates. 

The following table illustrates the sensitivity of the net results for the year and equity to a reasonably possible change in 
interest rates of +/-1.0 base points (2014 +/- 1/0 basis points) with effect from the beginning of the year. These changes 
are  considered  to  be  reasonably  possible  based  on  observations  of  current  market  conditions.  The  calculations  are 
based on the Company’s financial instruments held at each balance sheet date. All other variables are held constant. 

Net effect on after tax profits 

Equity 

2015 
US$'000 

+1.0 
Base 
points 

2  

2  

2014 
   US$'000 

+1.0 
Base 
points 

- 

- 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

The interest rate profile of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents as at 31 December 2015 was as follows: 

As at 31 December 2015 

Cash at bank with no interest rate 

As at 31 December 2014 

Short term deposits with fixed interest rates 

Cash at bank with no interest rate 

US 
Dollars 
$'000 

545  

545  

US 
Dollars 
$'000 

650  

129  

779  

Pound  
Sterling 
$'000 

Namibian 
Dollars 
$'000 

100  

100  

30  

30  

Pound  
Sterling 
$'000 

Namibian 
Dollars 
$'000 

Total 
$'000 

675  

675  

Total 
$'000 

650  

501  

- 

326  

326  

- 

46  

46  

1,151  

At the reporting date, the cash at bank with fixed interest rate is accruing weighted average interest of 0.0% per annum 
(2014: 0.1%).  As required by IFRS 7, the Group has estimated the interest rate sensitivity on  year end balances and 
determined that a one percentage point increase or decrease in the interest rate earned on short term  deposits would 
have caused a corresponding increase or decrease in net income in the amount of US$ nil (2014: US$6,500). 

All  cash  and  short  term  deposits  were  held  by  the  Company  except  the  Namibian  dollars  which  were  held  by  the 
subsidiary company. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

34 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

23.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) 

Foreign currency risk management 

The  functional  currencies  of  the  companies  in  the  Group  are  US  dollars  and  Namibian  dollars.  The  surplus  cash  to 
operating needs is held in US dollars to limit currency risk against the Group’s functional currency.  The Group does not 
hedge against the effects of movements in exchange rates, risks are monitored by the Board on a regular basis. 

The  following  table  discloses  the  year  end  rates  applied  by  the  Group  for  the  purposes  of  producing  the  financial 
statements: 

Translation 

2015 

2014 

Year end 

Year end 

1 GBP – USD 

1 USD – NAD 

    1.48 

15.53 

  1.56 

11.56 

The  carrying  amounts  of  the  Group’s  foreign  currency  denominated  monetary  assets  and  monetary  liabilities  at  the 
reporting date are as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Pound Sterling 
Namibian Dollars 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Group 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

Company 
as at 
31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

100  
30  

130  

326  
46  

372  

100  
- 

100  

326  
- 

326  

The following table details the Group’s sensitivity to a 10% increase and decrease in the US dollar against the relevant 
foreign  currencies.  10%  is  the  sensitivity  rate  used  when  reporting  foreign  currency  risk  internally  to  key  Management 
personnel and represents Management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in foreign exchange rates. The 
sensitivity analysis includes only outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items and adjusts their translation 
at the year-end for a 10% change in foreign currency rates. The sensitivity analysis includes external loans as well as 
loans to foreign operations within the Group where the denomination of the loan is in a currency other than the currency 
of  the  lender  or  the  borrower.  A  positive  number  below  indicates  an  increase  in  profit  and  equity  where  the  US  dollar 
strengthens  10%  against  the  relevant  currency.  For  a  10%  weakening  of  the  US  dollar  against  the  relevant  currency, 
there would be an equal and opposite impact on the profit and equity, and the balances below would be negative. 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

British pound 
currency impact 

Namibian dollar 
currency impact 

British pound 
currency impact 

Namibian dollar 
currency impact 

31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Effect on loss 

+10% 

-10% 

Effect on equity 

+10% 

-10% 

11  

11  

11  

11  

3  

3  

3  

3  

33  

33  

33  

33  

5  

5  

5  

5  

24.  EVENTS SUBSEQUENT TO REPORTING DATE 

There were no significant subsequent post reporting date events. 

25.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

The controlling party of China Africa Resources plc is East China Mineral Exploration and Development  Bureau for Non 
Ferrous Metals. The immediate holding company is HK ECE. 

31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

Group and Company 
The Group and Company had the following transactions with  
Weatherly International plc a 25% shareholder of the Group. 

Management Fee paid 
Trade payables 

The Group and Company had the following transactions with  
HK ECE a 65% shareholder of the Group. 

Loans received during the year 
Loans outstanding at the end of the year 

Company only  
Transactions with China Africa Resources Namibia (pty) Ltd 
a wholly owned subsidiary 

Management Fee charged 
Interest charged 

Gross loans receivable 
Impairment 

270  
- 

200  

200  

420  
141  

5,350  
(5,350) 

360  
(108) 

- 

- 

600  
110  

4,789  
- 

Net loans receivable 

-      

4,789  

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

36 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

26.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 

The Group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, share premium and accumulated retained losses 
as  well  as  loans  and  reserves  (consisting  of  share  based  payments  reserve,  foreign  currency  translation  reserve  and 
merger relief reserve). 

The Group’s objective when maintaining capital is to safeguard the entity's ability to continue as a going concern, so that 
it can provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. 

The  Company  meets  its  capital  needs  by  equity  financing  and  borrowing.  The  Group  sets  the  amount  of  capital  it 
requires  to  fund  the  Group’s  project  evaluation  costs  and  administration  expenses.  The  Group  manages  its  capital 
structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the 
underlying assets.  

Capital for the reporting period under review is summarised as follows: 

Total equity 

Borrowings 

31 December 
2015 
US$'000 

31 December 
2014 
US$'000 

3,567  

200  

9,900  

- 

3,767  

9,900  

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
CHINA AFRICA RESOURCES PLC  
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Company information 

Directors   

Cungen Ding 
Roderick Webster  
James Richards  
Frank Lewis 
John Bryant  
Li Ming 
Wuming Wang 

(Chairman and Non-executive Director) 
(Chief Executive Officer) 
(Senior Independent Non-executive Director) 
(Independent Non-executive Director) 
(Non-executive Director) 
(Non-executive Director) 
(Non-executive Director) 

Secretary   

Kevin Ellis  

Registered office 

180 Piccadilly 
London W1J 9HF 

Registered number  

07352056 (England and Wales) 

Auditor 

Bankers 

Solicitors   

Nominated adviser   
and broker 

Registrars  

Website 

TDIM 

BDO LLP 
55 Baker Street 
London W1U 7EU 

Bank of Scotland 
St James’s Gate 
14-16 Cockspur Street 
London SW1Y 5BL 

Cooley (UK) LLP 
Dashwood 
69 Old Broad Street 
London EC2M 1QS 

RFC Ambrian Ltd 
Level 5, Condor House, 
10 St Paul’s Churchyard 
London EC4M 8AL 

Capita Registrars 
The Registry 
34 Beckenham Road 
Beckenham 
Kent BR3 4TU 

www.chinaafricares.com 

CAF 

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

38