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Pennon Group

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Industry Regulated Water
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2012 Annual Report · Pennon Group
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Investing  
for quality

Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Investing for  
future growth

Introduction

Who we are
Pennon Group Plc is an environmental utility infrastructure 
company at the top end of the FTSE 250 which owns 
South West Water Limited and Viridor Limited. The Group 
has assets of around £4.3 billion and a workforce of over 
4,500 people.

Group strategy
Our strategy is to promote the success of the Group  
for the benefit of our shareholders, customers and other 
stakeholders through our focus on water and sewerage 
services, recycling, renewable energy and waste 
management. We aim to be a pre-eminent provider  
of customer services to high standards of quality,  
efficiency and reliability.

What we do
We carry out our business through:

South West Water Limited – the provider of water  
and sewerage services for Devon, Cornwall and  
parts of Dorset and Somerset.

Viridor Limited – one of the leading UK recycling, 
renewable energy and waste management 
businesses.

To view our online report visit:
pennonannualreport2012.co.uk

Cover photos 
Top: Porthcurno beach, West Cornwall 
Bottom: Greater Manchester mechanical biological treatment facility

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Pennon Group

We create value for our shareholders by developing our 
two environmental utility infrastructure businesses, 
South West Water and Viridor, and by efficient financing 
and strong management of the Group as a whole.

Key Group facts
Assets 
£4.3bn
Employees
4,500

Financial highlights
Revenue 
£1,233.1m
+6.4%

Profit before tax
£200.5m
+6.4%

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Strategy

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Our strategy is to promote the success of the Group for the benefit of our shareholders, 
customers and other stakeholders through our focus on water and sewerage services, 
recycling, renewable energy and waste management. We aim to be a pre-eminent 
provider of customer services to high standards of quality, efficiency and reliability.

Highlights of the year

•	 continued	to	deliver	shareholder	value	–	7.6%	dividend	increase

•	 further	reduction	in	interest	cost	from	the	Group’s	effective	management	 

of interest rates

•	 over	£1	billion	cash	and	facilities	at	31	March	2012	including	over	£0.5	billion	new/

refinanced facilities sourced during the year

•	 winner	of	the	‘Achievement	in	Sustainability’	award	at	the	2012	PLC	Awards.

Strategy in action

We	are	committed	to	an	annual	dividend	increase	of	4%	above	inflation	up	to	at	least	
the	end	of	2014/15	

We have strong sustainability credentials which make a positive impact on 
communities and the environment

We maintain high standards of ethical business conduct

We foster open and positive relationships with suppliers, customers and other 
stakeholders

We seek to protect and promote the interests of all our employees.

Further details on page 24

 
 
 
 
South West Water

Viridor

The water and sewerage services provider 
in Devon, Cornwall and parts of Dorset 
and Somerset, delivering industry-leading 
operational performance.

One of the leading UK recycling,  
renewable energy and waste  
management businesses. 

Financial highlights
Revenue
£474.0m
+5.6%

Profit before tax
£141.5m
+9.8%

Financial highlights
Revenue 
£761.1m
+6.9%

Profit before tax
£57.6m
-8.4%

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Strategy

Strategy

South	West	Water	is	committed	to	its	vision	of	‘Pure	Water,	
Pure	Service	and	Pure	Environment’,	underpinned	by	a	
strategy of striking the right balance between:

Viridor’s	strategy	is	to	add	value	by:

•	 growing	in	recycling

•	 investing	to	improve	service	

•	 customer	affordability

•	 the	needs	of	stakeholders.

•	 growing	in	Public	Private	Partnerships	(PPPs)/energy	from	

waste	(EfW)

•	 capitalising	in	the	long-term	on	its	strong	position	in	the	

landfill market.

Highlights of the year

Highlights of the year

•	 industry-leading	performance	in	tackling	leakage

•	 investing	for	future	growth	–	capital	expenditure	and	

•	 15th	consecutive	year	without	water	restrictions	 

(16th	expected	in	2012/13)

•	 repeated	best	ever	drinking	water	quality	at	99.98%	

•	 further	improvements	in	Service	Incentive	Mechanism	
(SIM)	performance	–	customer	complaints	halved	over	 
two years

•	 record	percentage	(95.1%)	of	bathing	waters	achieved	 

EU	Guideline	standard	(excellent	status).

investment	in	joint	ventures	of	£140	million	mainly	to	deliver	
additional renewable power generation and recycling 
capacity

•	 acquisition	of	five	high	quality	recycling,	collection	and	

transport	businesses	for	around	£40	million

•	 volumes	of	recyclate	traded	increased	by	7.2%	to	over	
1.8 million	tonnes	with	continuing	improvement	in	the	
quality and value mix

•	 total	renewable	energy	production	increased	to	760GWh.

Strategy in action

Strategy in action

Pure	Water	–	providing	safe	and	reliable	water	supplies

Pure	Service	–	increasing	levels	of	customer	satisfaction	
and maintaining reliability of assets to protect the service 
improvements made over the last 20 years

Contribution	to	profits	from	recovering	the	value	in	waste	
grew	to	around	50%	as	landfill	fell	to	18%	(from	69%	in	2001)

Viridor	consolidated	its	position	as	the	UK’s	largest	operator	
of	materials	recycling	facilities	(MRFs)

Pure	Environment	–	protecting	and	enhancing	the	
environment

Construction	of	Runcorn	combined	heat	and	power	(CHP)	
EfW project on schedule

Financial	Management	–	outperforming	the	regulatory	
contract and rigorously controlling costs with efficient 
funding.

Further details on page 12

Construction	commenced	on	Ardley	(Oxfordshire)	and	Exeter	
EfWs	and	on	Walpole	anaerobic	digestion	(AD)	facility	in	
Somerset

Announced	as	preferred	bidder	for	South	London,	Glasgow	
and	South	Lanarkshire† PPP contracts.

† subject to legal challenge.
Further	details	on	page	18

 
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Directors’ report

Business review

Group overview

Group performance – Key performance indicators

Chairman’s statement

Business model

Strategic Q&A

South West Water

At a glance

The business

Viridor

At a glance

The business

Group

Financial review

Principal risks and uncertainties

Sustainability report

Other statutory information

Governance

Chairman’s introduction to governance

Board of Directors

Corporate governance and internal control

Directors’ remuneration report

Independent auditors’ report

Financial statements and shareholder information

Financial statements

Five-year financial summary

Shareholder information

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112

113

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  1

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Directors’ report – Business review Performance

Key performance indicators

Pennon Group Plc

Profit before tax 
£m

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£200.5m
+6.4%

South West Water

Operating profit
£m

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£204.7m
+7.9%

Viridor

Operating profit 
plus joint ventures
£m

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£75.2m
-9.0%

Earnings per share 
before deferred tax 
pence

Dividend per share
pence

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47.3p
+11.8%

Regulatory 
Capital Value
£bn as at 31 March

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£2.827bn
+4.6%

Interest rate on  
average net debt
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3.9%

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26.52p
+7.6%

Drinking water quality
% Mean Zonal Compliance 
(MZC) calendar year

Service Incentive 
Mechanism (SIM) 
%

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99.98%

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66.9
+15%

Profits from recovering 
value in waste
%

Recyclates traded
million tonnes

Total renewable 
energy generation
GWh

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49%

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1.8m tonnes
+7.2%

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760GWh
+1.1%

2  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

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Bathing water compliance with 
EU Mandatory and Guideline 
standards % calendar year

Population equivalent  
sanitary compliance
% calendar year

RIDDOR incidence rate  
per 100,000 employees 
calendar year

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 Mandatory
 Guideline

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99.57%

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Actual  
number 
20

Renewable energy  
generation capacity
MW as at 31 March

Total waste handled
million tonnes

RIDDOR incidence rate
per 100,000 employees
calendar year

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136MW

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8.1m tonnes

* 2010/11 figure reassessed.

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1
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Actual  
number 
39

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  3  

 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – Business review

Chairman’s statement
Dear shareholder

Our Group financial performance for the year has again 
been strong notwithstanding the challenging economic 
environment. 

Financial review
Group revenue rose by 6.4% to £1,233.1 million and our profit 
before tax increased by 6.4% to £200.5 million. Our earnings  
per share before deferred tax increased by 11.8% to 47.3p. 
The Group has substantial cash resources and undrawn facilities 
and is well positioned for the future.
South West Water’s Regulatory Capital Value (RCV) grew by a 
further 4.6% during 2011/12 to £2.83 billion. RCV has grown by an 
average of around 5% per annum since the beginning of the K4 
(2005-2010) period. Viridor’s profit before tax at £57.6 million was 
a reduction of 8.4% on the previous year. Around 50% of Viridor’s 
profit contribution came from recovering the value in waste.
Dividend
The Board is committed to delivering consistent returns for our 
shareholders and to this end continues with its progressive 
dividend policy to grow the Group dividend by 4% above inflation 
per annum up to at least the end of 2014/15. This reflects our 
confidence that Pennon Group remains well positioned to deliver 
strong growth in the medium and long-term.
We are recommending a final dividend per share of 18.30p, which 
represents a 6.7% increase on last year’s final dividend. This will 
result in a total dividend for the year of 26.52p, an increase of 
7.6% (reflecting inflation of 3.6%) on the total dividend for 2010/11. 
We will also once again offer a Scrip Dividend Alternative to 
shareholders in respect of the final dividend. The timetable for the 
Scrip Dividend Alternative is given on page 113.
Business performance
South West Water continued its strong operational performance 
against the 2010-2015 regulatory contract with further advances in 
operating efficiency and customer service. The company is front-
end loading delivery of the operating cost efficiencies required by 
Ofwat (an average 2.8% per annum over the five-year period) with 
an average 5.1% per annum delivered in the first two years. These 
efficiencies are being achieved through improving operational 
ways of working, right-sourcing and innovative contracting 
arrangements, energy procurement and reduced usage, and the 
rationalisation of administration and support services.
Viridor grew its profits from recycling, contracts and joint ventures, 
offset by a reduction in the contribution from landfill plus increased 
bid costs associated with its developing project pipeline. Recyclate 
prices fell in the second half of 2011/12 compared with the first 
half year peak, reflecting world economic conditions. More than 
50% of the impact was mitigated by actions taken by Viridor to 
address costs and, although we are cautious about the prospect 
for a recovery in recyclate prices in the short-term, Viridor’s 
growing Public Private Partnership (PPP) pipeline and energy 
from waste (EfW) planning successes will form the basis for future 
growth. Renewable energy generation will also remain a significant 
contributor to profits.

Ken Harvey
Chairman, Pennon Group Plc

Revenue 
£m

Profit before tax
£m

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£1,233.1m
+6.4%

£200.5m
+6.4%

4  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Health and safety
We continue to focus on the safety and well-being of all our 
employees. There have been a number of initiatives during the 
year, such as our TAP (Think, Act, Prevent) behavioural safety 
campaign for Pennon and South West Water staff and Viridor’s 
Safety Information Database, both of which are designed to 
ensure high standards of safety across the businesses. We are 
pleased to see a reduction in the reportable number of incidents 
within both South West Water and Viridor. The Board, together 
with the Boards of South West Water and Viridor, remains 
committed to fostering a culture and working environment where 
accidents are unacceptable. The Group’s goal is zero accidents. 
Sustainability and governance
Our businesses demonstrate a responsible approach to 
environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters. This was 
recognised when we received the prestigious ‘Achievement in 
Sustainability’ award at the annual PLC Awards for our sustainable 
activities which include renewable energy generation at waste 
water treatment works, landfill gas control and significant funding 
being provided for community and environmental projects through 
the Pennon Environmental Fund and Viridor Credits Environmental 
Body. The Business review and our Group Sustainability report set 
out more fully our commitment to ESG and the highlights during 
the year which include carbon reduction, water security, water 
catchment management and resource security and efficiency. 
The Board has an annual programme which is focused on 
continuing to develop and improve our governance structures 
and practices. This ensures that we apply best practice to enable 
us to operate in the best interests of our shareholders and other 
stakeholders.
Our business model
One of our key objectives is to ensure that we are at the forefront 
of company reporting. Overleaf we have set out our business 
model to assist shareholders in understanding how we generate 
and preserve value in our businesses. I hope it is a useful 
introduction to this year’s Business review and succinctly explains 
how our business strategy is followed through into action.
Diversity
The Board is committed to promoting equality and diversity and a 
culture that actively values difference and recognises that people 
from different backgrounds and experiences can bring valuable 
insights to the workplace at all levels and enhance the way we 
work. We have an established Workplace Policy which provides 
for equal opportunity and diversity throughout the Group. In 
support of this policy and of the recommendations of the Davies 
Review ‘Women on Boards’, the Board has also established 
a Boardroom Equality & Diversity Policy. We will endeavour to 
achieve a minimum of 25% female representation on the Board 
by 2015 (whilst maintaining our current 14% representation in the 
meantime) and achieve a minimum of 25% female representation 
in our senior management team by 2015.
Board succession
Two of our three Non-executive Directors are coming towards 
the end of their nine-year tenure. The Board wishes to ensure a 
seamless transition and does not wish to lose the considerable 
knowledge and experience of the departing Directors, particularly 
as it is satisfied that they remain independent in character and 
judgement while continuing in their role on the Board. It is therefore 
intended that Dinah Nichols will retire from the Board at the 2013 
Annual General Meeting (AGM) and Gerard Connell, the Senior 
Independent Director, will retire from the Board at the 2014 AGM. 
The search for one new Non-executive Director is well under way 
and a further Non-executive Director will be sought during 2013. 
This process will ensure that the new members, of what is a small 
board, are fully acquainted with the Company’s practices and 
procedures before the two retiring Non-executive Directors leave 
the Board.

Our customers
A key priority for both our businesses is providing the highest 
possible levels of services to our customers. This is also reflected 
in our Group strategy. 
Over the year South West Water has successfully moved into 
new territory in meeting the demand for information, advice 
and assistance from its household and business customers. 
The ‘Source for Business’ service is providing extra support for 
commercial customers. South West Water is now providing online 
accounts, a smartphone app and web-based services for all 
customers. The company recognises that affordability is an issue 
for a number of our customers and we continue to provide advice 
and assistance through a number of schemes. 
Within Viridor there is a particular need to meet the changing 
requirements of our customers where the focus is increasingly on 
recycling, energy recovery and the reduction of waste to landfill to 
meet Government targets. The fact that around 50% of Viridor’s 
profits are now from recovering the value in waste demonstrates 
that Viridor is living up to its new branding ‘transforming waste’.
Our employees
We know that our success continues to be due to the talent, 
commitment and hard work of our employees, and I would like  
to thank every one of them for their outstanding contribution to  
the Group.
In addition I am very grateful to my Board colleagues for their 
continuing support and significant contribution to another 
successful year.
Outlook
The Board’s priority continues to be the creation of shareholder 
value through its strategic focus on water and sewerage services, 
recycling, renewable energy and waste management. 
South West Water has continued its excellent start to K5 with 
robust operational delivery, high standards of customer service 
and a strong financial performance.
Viridor is successfully leading the way in exploiting opportunities 
arising from the Government’s landfill diversion, recycling and 
renewable energy targets – around 50% of its profits already come 
from recovering value in waste. Although we are cautious about 
the prospect for a recovery in recyclate prices in the short-term, 
the company’s strong PPP pipeline and major EfW successes 
underpin its expected long-term profit momentum from 2013/14 
onwards and are already making a significant contribution to 
Viridor’s profitability.
I am therefore confident that Pennon is well positioned to continue 
to succeed in its chosen business areas for the benefit of our 
shareholders and other stakeholders.

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Ken Harvey
Chairman
Pennon Group Plc
18 June 2012

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  5  

 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – Business review

Our business model

How we generate and preserve value

Our Group business model is driven by our strategy of promoting 
the success of the Group for the benefit of our shareholders, 
customers and other stakeholders through our focus on the 
business areas of water and sewerage services, recycling, 
renewable energy generation and waste management. We aim to 
be a pre-eminent provider of customer services to high standards 
of quality, efficiency and reliability, and to provide value for our 
shareholders.

How we create value
We create value for our shareholders by developing our two environmental utility infrastructure businesses, South West Water and Viridor, 
and by efficient financing and strong management of the Group as a whole. 

South West Water, the water and sewerage services 
provider for Devon, Cornwall and parts of Dorset 
and Somerset, is focused on delivering further 
efficiencies, improving operating standards and 
providing a high quality service to its customers. 

Viridor is focused on transforming waste into a 
resource, having developed from being a traditional 
waste management company to a leading UK 
recycling, renewable energy and resource 
management business.

South West Water

Viridor

Provides water and sewerage services in Devon, 
Cornwall and parts of Dorset and Somerset.

One of the leading UK recycling, renewable energy 
generation and waste management businesses.

South West Water’s business model is based  
on delivering its ‘Pure Water, Pure Service  
and Pure Environment’ strategy while ensuring  
long-term profitability, resilience and sustainability.

Viridor’s business model is based on growing and adding 
value by proactively expanding its recycling operations, 
growing its EfW and PPP operations and exploiting the 
huge potential inherent in waste-based renewable energy 
generation, whilst capitalising in the long-term on its 
strong position in landfill waste disposal.

6  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

How we manage our businesses to create value 
To achieve our strategy we are focused on the key areas of customer satisfaction, financial performance, maximising shareholder returns, 
strong governance and employee engagement.

Customer 
satisfaction

Financial 
performance

Maximising 
shareholder 
returns

Strong  
governance

Employee 
engagement

We are committed to 
maximising shareholder 
returns, including our policy 
to grow the Group dividend 
by 4% above inflation per 
annum up to at least the  
end of 2014/15.

Both South West Water and 
Viridor are fully committed 
to meeting the needs of 
their customers which 
are key to the success of 
each business. How we 
respond to the needs of 
our customers and assess 
customer satisfaction is set 
out on pages 15, 17, 22 and 
36 of the Business review.

Our Group has set itself 
challenging financial targets. 
Financial performance is 
measured through a range of 
key performance indicators 
including profit before tax, 
dividend per share, earnings 
per share before deferred 
tax and the interest rate on 
average net debt. Our focus 
on setting such targets 
is to achieve sustainable 
performance over the short, 
medium and long-term. 
Pages 24 to 27 explain in 
more detail our financial 
performance.

We are aware that our 
businesses can, and do, 
have a material impact 
on the environment and 
communities in which 
they operate. We take a 
responsible and transparent 
approach to environmental, 
social and governance (ESG) 
matters. Our sustainable 
practices not only benefit 
communities, but also enable 
our businesses to be more 
successful. More information 
on our sustainability targets 
and our achievements over 
the past twelve months are 
set out on pages 34 to 39 
in the Group’s Sustainability 
report.

We are aware that the 
success of our Group is due 
to the talent, commitment 
and hard work of our 
employees and we aim to 
be a responsible employer. 
We are focused on ensuring 
workforce well-being, 
continuity, efficiency and 
productivity and we carefully 
manage the successful 
integration of employees into 
Viridor following acquisitions. 
More information on the 
initiatives we have introduced 
to improve employee 
engagement in each of our 
businesses is set out on 
pages 17, 23, 40 and 41 of 
the Business review.

Our operating framework and risk management
Essential to achieving our strategic aims and creating value within our businesses is our operating framework which is based on the 
principles of good governance as described in the Governance section. 

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Our operating framework includes a comprehensive and fully embedded risk management process which 
assists us in managing our risks and opportunities to deliver the Group’s strategy and the other essential 
elements of our business model. 

Further information on our control and risk management environment is described on page 30.  
Our principal risks and uncertainties and how we mitigate them are set out on pages 28 to 33.

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  7  

 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – Business review

Strategic Q&A

Delivering on our strategy

Overall 2011/12 was another successful twelve months for Pennon. 
Group Director of Finance David Dupont, South West Water 
Chief Executive Chris Loughlin and Viridor Chief Executive Colin 
Drummond discuss a year of achievement and outline their strategic 
approach to the main challenges they face.

In tougher economic times, how 
vulnerable are South West Water and 
Viridor to an economic downturn?
DD
While neither business is immune, both 
businesses have demonstrated their 
resilience in recent difficult conditions. 
South West Water experienced a small 
reduction in demand, but this reflected the 
trend in recent years as more customers 
switch to meters and our larger users, with 
our assistance, focus on improving their 
water use efficiency. The bad debt charge 
increased slightly in the first half of the year 
but has since stabilised. 

As expected, the full year profits for Viridor 
were below those of last year because 
the company was impacted by lower 
recyclate prices in the second half of the 
year, reflecting world economic conditions. 
We took action to recover more than 
50% of the impact of this through cost 
reductions and, while we are cautious 
about the recovery of recyclate prices in 
the short-term, Viridor’s recent contract 
wins and long-term investment are laying 
the foundation for significant growth in 
subsequent years. 

What were the highlights of the year 
and how do they reflect the Group 
strategy?
David Dupont
Group financial performance was once 
again very strong, notwithstanding tough 
economic conditions. South West Water’s 
profit increase reflected further substantial 
efficiency gains and while Viridor’s profits 
were a little lower than last year, this was 
in part due to higher bid costs linked to its 
growing pipeline of future projects. Viridor 
achieved some notable contract wins 
during the year which lay the foundation for 
significant growth in the future. The Group 
continued to effectively manage financing 
costs which outturned at a lower level than 
the previous year despite higher average 
net debt. 
Overall the results demonstrate the 
successful Group strategy of developing 
its infrastructure utility businesses, 
with South West Water continuing to 
outperform the targets set by its regulator 
and Viridor building its business through 
a combination of long-term contract wins 
and construction now under way on four 
significant energy from waste plants.

“ The Group policy is to grow the 
dividend by 4% above RPI up  
to at least the end of 2014/15.”

David Dupont, Group Finance Director 
Pennon Group 

8  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Your dividend continues to be very 
strong in the sector. How long can 
you sustain this performance?
DD
The Group policy is to grow the dividend 
by 4% above RPI up to at least the end 
of 2014/15. This policy reflects the actual 
and expected financial performance of 
both South West Water and Viridor. As 
usual the Board expects to review the 
dividend policy at the start of the next 
South West Water regulatory review 
period taking account of Ofwat’s next 
price Determination, and the expected 
growth from Viridor’s long-term contracts 
and energy from waste plants which are 
expected to come on stream around 
this time. 
There is very substantial  
investment going into Viridor.  
How will you fund it?
DD
At the year-end the Group had cash 
and facilities of £1,084 million, including 
£123 million restricted cash, with 
£566 million of new/renewed facilities 
secured during the year. These provide 
very substantial resources to support the 
investment in Viridor over the next few 
years. We are continuing to talk to a wide 
range of finance providers and expect to 
source the remaining funding required on 
a timely basis. 
South West Water achieved a strong 
operational performance last year. 
What were the key highlights and how 
did you achieve them?
Chris Loughlin
South West Water achieved its best ever 
leakage control results and maintained 
its 15th consecutive year without water 
restrictions. We had repeated best ever 
drinking water quality and saw a record 
number of the region’s bathing waters 
meeting the EU’s highest compliance 
standard. 
We were able to exceed our leakage 
control targets through early detection 
and swift response times. In addition our 
new remote working system allowed our 
leak detection inspectors to work more 
dynamically in the field by substantially 
reducing the amount of time needed to 
process leakage reports. 
South West Water’s ongoing programme 
of capital investment in water resources 
meant we had adequate supplies to prevent 
a water shortage. Similarly, our investment 
in both drinking and waste water treatment 
ensured continued high standards. 
Alongside our strong operational 
performance we achieved a significant 
increase in customer service levels. Our 
Service Incentive Mechanism score – 
which includes the number of written 

“ South West Water achieved 
its best ever leakage control 
results and maintained its 15th 
consecutive year without water 
restrictions.”

Chris Loughlin, Chief Executive 
South West Water

complaints and the results of customer 
satisfaction surveys – indicated a 15% 
improvement on the year before and a 
78% improvement over the last two years.
Earlier this year there was a lot of 
commentary in the press about likely 
water shortages in England in 2012. 
How are you placed in the South 
West?
CL
Based on our current position we are 
confident of a 16th consecutive summer 
without water restrictions. As would be 
expected, South West Water is monitoring 
the situation and will make the best use of 
its resources accordingly.
Last year we avoided any shortages 
through a combination of utilising new 
resources such as Park and Stannon 
reservoirs – both former china clay pits – 
and careful resource planning. The region 
did experience a drier winter than average 
but we tackled this through the use of 
pumped storage schemes. This involves 
abstracting water from rivers while levels 

are healthy to supplement the natural 
inflow to our reservoirs. 
The recent national concerns over drought 
serve to highlight the importance of 
efficient water use. South West Water is 
committed to a strategy that optimises 
its use of supplies and assets and we 
continue to raise awareness with our 
customers about how to use water wisely. 
What has been the impact of the 
adoption of private sewers so far?  
Do you expect further investment 
over the next couple of years?
CL
On 1 October 2011 the Private Sewer 
Transfer legislation resulted in South West 
Water’s sewer network increasing by more 
than 50%. This had a knock-on benefit for 
the majority of our customers who are no 
longer at risk of high sewer maintenance 
costs and now are only responsible for 
drains located within, and serving, their 
properties. 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  9  

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Directors’ report – Business review Strategic Q&A
continued

The company was well placed to manage 
the transfer. Operational plans to manage 
customer contacts and deliver service 
to our customers through two new 
contractors were implemented smoothly 
and activity has been at the lower end  
of the expected range. 
South West Water will continue to maintain 
and improve the adopted network over 
the coming years starting with a capital 
investment programme focused on 
problematic assets. The operating and 
capital costs incurred so far have been 
over £3 million; these efficiently incurred 
costs will be funded through future 
adjustments to price limits, with the 
submission of an application to Ofwat for 
an Interim Determination of K anticipated 
in 2013. 
How will the funds promised 
by Government to help support 
customer bills from 2013/14 be paid? 
Will shareholders lose out in any way? 
CL
Legislation first proposed in December 
2011 will enable South West Water to 
receive funding from the Government so 
that we can cut all household bills by £50 
per year until at least the end of the next 
spending review period. 
We welcome the reduction which is due 
to come into force in April 2013. It directly 
benefits customers – it will be passed 
straight through to them and as such 
there is no impact on the interests of our 
shareholders. 
What is South West Water’s position 
on targeted efficiency savings? 
CL
The Company is targeted with achieving a 
step-change in operational cost efficiency 
for K5. As planned, delivery of the Ofwat 
efficiency targets of an average of 2.8% 
per annum is front-end loaded with an 
average 5.1% per annum delivered in the 
first two years of this K period. 

How will industry reforms, as 
signalled by the Government, affect 
South West Water? 
CL
The direction of Government policy and 
Ofwat’s regulatory reform proposals will 
provide new opportunities, challenges and 
responsibilities. There is a clear emphasis 
on the efficient use of water resources, 
providing sustainable solutions to water 
pollution problems through catchment-
based approaches, the removal of barriers 
to competition, secure and stable financing 
and customer-centred activity. In each 
case South West Water’s long-term 
strategy and successes to date mean we 
are well placed to deliver these proposals. 
The signals are that industry reform will 
be evolutionary rather than revolutionary, 
with timescales for change over a 
period to 2025 and beyond. To date, 
the details of reforms have been limited. 
However draft legislation is anticipated for 
2012/13 with an initial focus on extending 
competition for commercial customers. 
We are preparing for the development of 
competition in this area and have recently 
extended our new ‘Source for Business’ 
activities, offering enhanced services to 
our commercial customers.
How are you preparing for the 2014 
Periodic Review?
CL
Having already reviewed our long-term 
strategy as part of the 2009 Periodic 
Review, South West Water is well placed 
for the 2014 Periodic Review (PR14). We 
have already rolled out our initial phases of 
customer engagement and work is under 
way to determine investment scenarios 
for the next period. Our dedicated PR14 
team is continuing to raise awareness 
both internally and externally about the 
review process. 
A new development has been the recent 
implementation of our ‘WaterFuture’ 
customer challenge panel which 
comprises representatives from various 
stakeholder and consumer groups. 
Designed to ensure our customers’ 
priorities are kept central to our plans, the 
panel’s involvement will help shape our 
forthcoming updated Strategic Direction 
Statement which will provide a long-term 
context for the five-year, 2015-2020 
business plan. 

What are the key trends currently 
impacting Viridor?
Colin Drummond
We are seeing an intensification of the 
long-term trends which have been evident 
for the past number of years and upon 
which Viridor’s strategy is built. The total 
amount of waste generated in the UK is 
falling, impacted by Government policies, 
public pressure to reduce waste and 
current weak economic conditions. More 
importantly for Viridor, within the total 
amount of waste, the proportion being 
recycled and the demand for recycling 
services continue to grow. At the same 
time it is becoming increasingly clear that 
the most economic and environmentally 
beneficial solution for the residues which 
cannot be recycled is provided by EfW 
facilities.
The year’s results were impacted by 
lower prices for recyclates. What are 
the prospects for the coming year 
and how do you manage volatility  
in this area?
CD
Viridor has seen substantial trend growth in 
its recyclate prices over the past five years 
as it continues to improve quality, and 
customers increasingly recognise the value 
of recyclate as a low-cost raw material. 
2011/12 was a year of two halves as far 
as recyclate prices were concerned. The 
first half saw recyclate prices well above 
long-term trends and, as I commented 
at the time, this was not sustainable in a 
weakening world economy. In the second 
half prices did indeed fall back, reflecting 
weakness in the Eurozone economies and 
slightly slower growth in China. We were 
able to offset more than 50% of the impact 
of reduced recyclate prices under the 
terms of our customer supply contracts 
and from other cost reductions. However 
we are cautious about any recovery 
in recyclate prices in the short-term as 
Eurozone worries continue.
What have been the key 
achievements this year in developing 
your project pipeline?
CD
We have had a series of major wins in 
our pipeline of long-term Public Private 
Partnership (PPP) contracts and EfW 
facilities. The final legal challenge to 

10  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

What is the scope of the remaining 
opportunities with county councils 
and other municipal authorities? 
What proportion have not entered 
into long-term contracts to manage 
their waste?
CD
Municipal contracts provide the base 
load for facilities which can also serve the 
somewhat larger commercial and industrial 
(C&I) market. Much of the long-term 
municipal procurement for residual waste 
treatment has either already taken place 
or is under way. I have already mentioned 
some of our recent successes. We are on 
track in five years’ time to have a network 
of strategic EfW facilities, mainly backed by 
municipal contracts with surplus capacity 
for the C&I market, in most of the major 
regions in the UK (including London and 
the South East, the North West, the South 
West, South Wales, and the central belt of 
Scotland). 
Do you have the capacity to take on 
many more of these projects?
CD
The key question with any project is how 
to create shareholder value. We believe we 
have already targeted many of the most 

attractive contracts where the market is 
large and we can establish a competitive 
advantage. If we identify similar further 
opportunities to create shareholder  
value, we have the management  
resources in place and can continue  
to procure additional consultancy  
expertise as required.
What will be the impact on Viridor’s 
profitability when all of the current 
projects come on stream? 
CD
Within the next five years our project 
pipeline could more than double 
Viridor’s EBITDA.
Around 50% of Viridor’s profits are 
now from transforming waste. Do you 
expect this percentage to increase in 
the coming years? 
CD
Yes, this percentage is likely to increase. 
Viridor’s strategy is to transform waste 
into a resource. Recycling and renewable 
energy are good for the environment, for 
the UK economy and for our shareholders.

our planned EfW facility at Ardley was 
successfully resolved and construction 
has commenced meeting the needs of 
the Oxfordshire PPP contract. The Exeter 
PPP contract was signed and construction 
of the associated EfW is under way. 
We have signed the Engineering 
Procurement and Construction (EPC) 
contract for our planned EfW plant in 
Cardiff and construction will commence 
shortly. The final legal challenge against 
planning permission for our proposed 
EfW facility at Avonmouth has also been 
successfully resolved. 
We have become preferred bidder for three 
further major waste PPPs. These are for 
the South London Waste Partnership, for 
Glasgow and, subject to legal challenge,  
for South Lanarkshire. We are down to  
one of two shortlisted bidders on five  
other waste PPPs.
Viridor has been very successful 
at securing contracts to build and 
operate new EfW facilities. When will 
Runcorn come on stream and is it on 
target? More generally, how do you 
ensure that these new projects are 
brought to completion on time and  
on budget? 
CD
These are major construction contracts 
and we are fully aware of the challenges 
involved and have planned accordingly. 
Our general policy is to invest in modern 
robust and proven technologies and to use 
high quality suppliers without putting too 
much business with any individual one of 
them. We ensure clear contract terms on 
a fixed price basis passing back relevant 
risks to our suppliers and back this up 
with careful contract management and 
independent certification. This approach 
worked well on our highly successful 
Lakeside joint venture project and we are 
following a similar policy for Runcorn. We 
are on track to take over the first phase of 
Runcorn by March 2013 with the second 
phase following in mid 2014. We are taking 
a similar approach on the other projects in 
our pipeline.

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“ We have had a series of major wins 
in our pipeline of long-term PPP 
contracts and EfW facilities.” 

Colin Drummond, Chief Executive 
Viridor

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  11  

 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – Business review

South West Water  
Investing in quality

Key facts and figures

Revenue 
£m

Profit before tax 
£m

.

0
4
7
4

.

2
4
4
4

.

8
8
4
4

.

7
1
3
4

.

0
1
2
4

.

5
6
1
1

.

5
9
2
9 1
6
1
1

.

.

5
1
4
9 1
8
2
1

.

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

£474.0m 
+5.6%

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

£141.5m 
+9.8%

Operational highlights
•	 strong performance against 2010-2015 regulatory contract 
•	 a 15th consecutive summer without water restrictions in 2011 

and a 16th anticipated in 2012

•	 best ever leakage results 
•	 repeated best ever drinking water quality (99.98%) 
•	 record percentage (95.1%) of bathing waters achieving EU 

Guideline standard (excellent status) 

•	 increased customer service (written customer complaints down 

25% and Service Incentive Mechanism score up 15% from 
2010/11)

•	 accelerated pace of delivery for targeted operating cost 

reductions and capital programme efficiencies 

•	 high levels of drinking water and sewerage services maintained 

(stable serviceability).

2011/12 notable achievements
•	 smooth transition of private sewers adoption on 1 October 2011. 

Estimated network length increased by over 50% 
•	 introduction of specialist ‘Source for Business’ service
•	 Government support for household customer bills from  

2013/14 welcomed

•	 Water Industry Achievement Awards for ‘Upstream Thinking’ 

(Partnership Initiative of the Year) and ‘BeachLive’ (Community 
Project of the Year). 

Where we operate

Wistlandpound

Wimbleball

     Reservoir
     Key water 
     mains

Upper Tamar 
Lake

Roadford

Meldon

Crowdy

Colliford

Siblyback

Park
Stannon

Fernworthy

Venford

Kennick/
Tottiford/
Trenchford

Burrator

Avon

Drift

Stithians

College

Argal

12  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

 
resident population

1.67m
15,146km

of water mains

of sewers

14,710km
39

drinking water treatment works

645

waste water treatment works

Strategy and performance

The	company’s	vision	of	‘Pure	Water,	Pure	Service	and	Pure	Environment’	represents	our	
ongoing ambition to achieve and sustain the highest standards possible in every sphere of our 
activity. We see innovation and forward-thinking investment as key to our long-term success 
and we remain committed to a strategy that values our business, our customers and the world 
around us in equal measure. 

Strategy

Pure Water
Providing safe and reliable 
water supplies
Performance
Repeated best ever drinking 
water quality and a 15th 
consecutive year without 
water restrictions. Best ever 
and industry-leading leakage 
control performance

Pure Service
Increased levels of 
customer satisfaction
Performance
Increased average level of 
customer satisfaction score 
with 25% fewer written 
complaints than the previous 
year. ‘Source for Business’ 
launched
‘Stable serviceability’ 
maintained

Pure Environment
Protecting and enhancing 
the environment
Performance
Record high in the number 
of bathing waters meeting 
the EU’s highest standard. 
Renewable energy generation 
increased with the installation 
of additional solar, hydro and 
wind turbine schemes

Financial
Outperformance of the 
regulatory contract
Performance
Outperformance of the 
targeted operating cost 
reductions alongside  
increased operating profit  
and efficient funding
Capital programme efficiencies 
remain on track to achieve 5% 
outperformance

KPI 
Drinking water quality
% Mean Zonal Compliance 
(MZC) calendar year

KPI 
Customer service 
score Service Incentive 
Mechanism (SIM) %

5
9
.
9
9

8
9
.
9
9

8
9
.
9
9

7
9
.
9
9

8
9
.
9
9

9
.
6
6

1

.
8
5

KPI 
Bathing water compliance 
with EU Mandatory and 
Guideline standards % 
calendar year

5
.
6
9

5
.
6
3 9
.
0
9

6
.
8
9

1
.
5
9

0
.
4
8

KPI 
Operating profit
£m

7
.
4
0
2

5
.
3
9
1

8
.
9
8
1

6
.
6
8
1

0

.
1
8
1

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0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

99.98%

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

66.9
+15%

9
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

 Mandatory
 Guideline

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

£204.7m
+7.9%

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  13  

 
 
 
Directors’ report – Business review South West Water  
continued

Financial strength and 
operational excellence

Business performance 
South West Water has continued its excellent start to K5 with 
strong operational delivery and high standards of customer 
service coupled with strong financial performance. The company 
continues to outperform targeted operating cost reductions and 
capital programme efficiencies.
An increase in revenue and good operational cost control has 
resulted in South West Water’s operating profit increasing by 
£14.9 million. With consistently low financing costs, profit before 
tax has increased 9.8% from last year.
The company is front-end loading delivery of the required 2.8% 
per annum average operating cost efficiencies with 5.1% per 
annum delivered in the first two years of this K period (2010-2015). 
This is being achieved through changing operational ways of 
working; right-sourcing and innovative contracting arrangements; 
energy procurement and reduced usage; and the rationalisation of 
administration and support services.
Capital expenditure in the year was £131 million, a 5% increase 
on last year. The main focus of investment remains on the 
maintenance of existing assets. The reliability of our network is 
illustrated by our operating assets achieving ‘stable serviceability’(1) 
for all operational areas. Other key areas are: increasing our water 
resource availability and ensuring the resilience of our network 
even in extreme weather conditions; improving drinking water 
quality; delivering environmental improvements; and achieving high 
standards of bathing water quality. 
Efficiency performance on the K5 capital programme remains 
on track to deliver 5%(2) outperformance of the Ofwat 2009 Final 
Determination. 
Pure Water 
Drinking water quality 
South West Water prides itself on achieving industry-leading water 
quality results. In 2011 the quality of our water, as measured by 
Mean Zonal Compliance (MZC), was equal to its best ever. This 
marks the third year out of the past five in which a score of 99.98% 
has been attained.
The continued high standards of our drinking water can be  
directly attributed to our ongoing investment and innovation  
in our treatment processes. In addition our water quality has 
benefited from a rigorous mains improvement programme  
and the implementation of a taste and odour strategy. 
In 2011/12 South West Water made significant investments in 
drinking water quality, including upgrades to water treatment 
works at Drift (Cornwall) and Tottiford (Devon).
Leakage control
South West Water has maintained its exemplary industry-leading 
performance in leakage control, as it has done every year since 
targets were introduced. In 2011/12 we successfully surpassed our 
previous record to achieve a record low of 81.3 megalitres lost on 

(1)  ‘Serviceability’ is the capability of a system of assets to deliver a reference level of service to 

customers and to the environment now and into the future. Serviceability is deemed to be stable 
when the assessment of trends in a defined set of service and asset performance indicators 
demonstrates that service is in line with the reference level of service and, by inference, is likely  
to remain so into the future. 

(2) Using 2009 Final Determination estimates of Construction Output Price Index (COPI).

Top: Construction under way on the new Coswarth Reservoir, 
near Newquay, Cornwall.
Bottom: Mel Selvester, one of our leakage inspectors, checks the 
status of mains on Plymouth seafront.

14  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

South West Water continues 
to outperform targeted 
operating cost reductions 
and capital programme 
efficiencies while investing  
in the long-term resilience  
of its network assets.

average per day over a twelve month period. In addition we have 
beaten the rolling three-year average.
The strong leakage control performance has been due to a 
number of combined factors including swift leak detection and 
response times; the efficiency of our remote Phased Utilisation 
of Remote Operating Systems (PUROS); and improved 
communication with our customers using both traditional and 
web-based platforms.
Water resources
Despite below average rainfall last year, South West Water avoided 
putting water restrictions in place for a 15th consecutive summer. 
This was achieved primarily as a result of strategic investment in 
expanding our reservoir system and distribution network. Now fully 
operational, Park and Stannon lakes in Cornwall played a key role 
in ensuring resources were maintained during 2011/12.  
In addition South West Water also made use of pumped storage 
schemes at Wimbleball, Stithians and Colliford reservoirs. This 
involves abstracting water from rivers, while levels are healthy,  
to supplement the natural inflow to our reservoirs. 
South West Water’s resource network has been further expanded 
in the past year, most notably through the addition of Coswarth 
service reservoir, near Newquay, Cornwall which will supply 
around 9,000 homes. South West Water is also developing its  
first new borehole in 18 years at Greatwell, East Devon.
Our 2012 position
The national concerns over drought in 2012 serve to highlight  
the importance of efficient water use. South West Water is 
committed to a strategy that maximises the yield of its supplies 
and assets and we continue to raise awareness about how to  
use water wisely. 
Based on our current position we are confident of a 16th 
consecutive summer without water restrictions. As would be 
expected, South West Water is monitoring the situation and will 
make the best use of its resources accordingly.
Pure Service 
Customer satisfaction
At the core of South West Water’s ‘Pure Service’ strategy are the 
needs of our customers. Since 2010/11 customer satisfaction has 
been measured by the Service Incentive Mechanism (SIM). This 
takes into account various customer service measures including 
the number of written complaints and the results of customer 
satisfaction surveys.
South West Water achieved a 15% improvement in customer 
service between 2010/11 and 2011/12 based on its SIM score 
(2010/11: 58.1, 2011/12: 66.9) and a 78% improvement over two 
years. 
There were 25% fewer written complaints than the previous year. 
Over the last two years written customer complaints have halved.

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Top: Stannon Lake, Cornwall.
Bottom: Eleanor Dodd, helping a customer at the Source 
customer contact centre at Peninsula House, Exeter, Devon.

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  15  

 
 
 
Directors’ report – Business review South West Water 
continued

Private sewers
On 1 October 2011 the Government transferred the ownership of 
the majority of private sewers to water and sewerage companies. 
As a result South West Water’s sewer network increased by 
over 50%. This had a knock-on benefit for the majority of our 
customers who are no longer at risk of high sewer maintenance 
costs and are now only responsible for drains located within and 
serving their properties. 
South West Water is continuing to evaluate the impact of the 
private sewer transfer. We are confident that our smooth transition 
into the new role was the result of careful planning, an effective 
communications strategy and efficient operational activity. 
£50 bill reduction for South West Water customers 
Since privatisation in 1989 South West Water customers have 
effectively been paying for the protection and upkeep of a third of 
the nation’s bathing waters. Highlighted in the 2009 Walker Review 
and pursued vigorously by South West Water alongside regional 
MPs, consumer groups and media organisations, this sensitive 
regional issue was addressed by the Government in late 2011, with 
a pledge to reduce household bills in the region by £50 per year. 
This reduction is due to come into effect in April 2013. 
Pure Environment 
2011/12 was a year of continued investment in environmental 
projects and initiatives. In addition to the refurbishment of a 
number of waste water treatment works South West Water has 
successfully trialled grit and screenings composting to reduce  
the amount of waste sent to landfill. 
We also expanded our use of renewable energy through solar, 
wind and hydro power schemes at more than 20 of our sites 
and we continue to promote energy saving through in-house 
campaigns such as ‘PowerDown’. 
Coastal waters 
The quality of beaches and bathing waters in the South West  
plays a key role in the region’s economy, culture and lifestyle.  
With 144 designated bathing waters along more than 500 miles 
of coastline, South West Water’s activities have a potential effect 
on more bathing waters than any other water company in England 
or Wales.
The number of bathing waters in our region now achieving the 
EU’s highest standard is at an all time high. 95.1% of our beaches 
are achieving the EU Guideline standard (excellent status) with 
98.6% obtaining the Mandatory standard (good status).
South West Water continues to work with a number of partner 
organisations to protect the coastal environment. In June 2011 
the company launched its ‘BeachLive’ website to provide live 
information on bathing water quality around the region. 
Energy generation 
In 2011/12 our investment in renewable energy included the 
installation of solar panels at 23 of our sites (nineteen 50kW 
schemes and four 100kW schemes) and the development of 
hydro-electric schemes at Colliford Dam, Cornwall and Avon 
Dam, Devon. 

Top: South West Water’s bathing water results reached a record 
high last year. Bedruthan Steps, Cornwall.
Bottom: Joe Colton-Dyer, one of South West Water’s new 
apprentices.

16  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Our continuing focus for K5 
is to strike the right balance 
for customers, investors and 
other stakeholders. 

At Lowermoor water treatment works in North Cornwall we 
erected a single 100kW wind turbine which is expected to 
generate approximately 60% of the site’s power needs.
Our goal is to generate 30GWh from renewable sources by 2015. 
Ultimately South West Water aims to source 50% of its energy 
from renewables by 2050.
Upstream Thinking
Focused on improving raw water quality in river catchments in 
order to reduce treatment costs, ‘Upstream Thinking’ is an award-
winning South West Water-led initiative that seeks to maintain and 
improve the ecological health of our region’s river network. 
During 2011/12 South West Water has continued to work with 
partner organisations, the agricultural community, landowners, 
researchers from the region’s universities and other stakeholders 
to implement a range of projects that target water quality 
and water storage at its natural source. These include farm 
management improvements and engagement with farmers; 
habitat management; and landscape restoration in specific river 
catchment areas.
In March 2012 ‘Upstream Thinking’ won the ‘Partnership Initiative 
of the Year’ category at the Water Industry Achievement Awards. 
Our employees
South West Water attaches considerable value to the safety and 
training needs and ambitions of its employees.
In addition to rigorous attention to health and safety, the company 
provides thorough training and support with opportunities for staff 
to develop their careers through a number of schemes. These 
include our internal graduate development programme (GROW) 
and our Management Academy.
South West Water is a key player in the local economy and we 
remain committed to nurturing fresh talent for the future. During 
2011/12 our apprenticeship scheme has gathered momentum 
and our strategic investment in both people and technology – in 
the form of our centrally-operated remote PUROS system and 
other innovations – means we are reaping the rewards of improved 
productivity delivered by a highly trained and motivated workforce. 
Key relationships
Regulators and others
South West Water actively engages with a wide range of 
environmental and regulatory stakeholders. We take steps to 
ensure that communication is handled in the most appropriate 
way and that the information we provide is high quality and 
consistent. We use a range of commercial channels including 
traditional and online platforms to communicate with our 
stakeholders. 
The company contributes to national policy on developing issues 
through its membership of Water UK, the industry trade body, 
and we work with the Consumer Council for Water to ensure 
that customers’ issues and concerns are addressed and a full 
understanding of the company’s activities is maintained.

WaterFuture customer panel 
As part of the 2014 Periodic Review process, following guidance 
from Ofwat, we have created an independent ‘WaterFuture’ 
customer challenge panel, comprising a group of representatives 
from various regulatory, stakeholder and public bodies. Its role in 
the coming year will be to ensure our business plan adequately 
reflects an understanding of our customers’ priorities and that our 
planned activities are socially, economically and environmentally 
sustainable. 
Procurement and suppliers
Our procurement strategy is focused on partnering and strategic 
alliances with 60 key suppliers who account for the large 
majority of expenditure. We include all aspects of sustainability 
in our procurement processes and this is a central theme of our 
procurement strategy for our supply chains and support of the 
regional economy. With the start of the K5 regulatory period we 
introduced an innovative ‘mixed economy’ model to source our 
capital programme. This means using a significant number of 
smaller local contractors to provide specialised services as well 
as developing long-term relationships with more major supply 
chain partners. No supplier (revenue) accounts for more than 5% 
of the company’s revenue and South West Water sources all its 
purchases from competitive markets.
Looking ahead
In December 2011 the ‘Water for Life’ White Paper outlined 
the Government’s vision for a resilient, customer-focused and 
environmentally sustainable water sector. South West Water 
welcomed this commitment from Government and we believe that 
both our long-term strategy and successes to date are already 
making headway in realising these ambitions.
The company has delivered substantial efficiencies which 
benefit all stakeholders and is focusing on continued delivery of 
efficiencies while satisfying regulatory and legislative obligations 
and improving services to customers. Specifically the strategy: 
•	 targets outperformance of the regulatory contract
•	 continues to rigorously control costs
•	 delivers investment in the asset base to secure improvements 
made over the last 20 plus years while preparing for the next  
20 plus years.

The company is working towards the next Price Review, (PR14), 
and is actively engaged in the development of Ofwat’s regulatory 
reform agenda.
We have already rolled out our initial phases of customer 
engagement and work is under way to determine investment 
scenarios for the next period.
Our ‘WaterFuture’ customer challenge panel will assist in ensuring 
customers’ priorities are kept central to our plans. The panel’s 
involvement will help shape our forthcoming Strategic Direction 
Statement which will provide a long-term context for the next 
business plan.

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  17  

 
 
 
Directors’ report – Business review

Viridor 
Investing for future growth

Key facts and figures

Revenue
£m

Profit before tax
£m

.

1
1
6
7

.

9
2
6

.

6
7
5

.

1
5
5

.

0
2
1
5 7
6
2
6

.

9
.
9
3

2
.
4
3

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

£57.6m
-8.4%

0
.
8
2
1 5
.
5
5
4

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

£761.1m
+6.9%

Where we operate

18  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

2011/12 operational highlights:
•	 profit before tax decreased by 8.4% to £57.6 million, with 

performance less strong in the second half of 2011/12 than in 
the first half of the year reflecting world economic conditions
•	 contribution to profits of recovering the value in waste grew to 

around 50%, as landfill fell to 18% (from 69% in 2001)

•	 volumes of recyclate traded increased by 7.2% to over 1.8 million 
tonnes, with continuing improvements in quality and value mix

•	 total renewable energy production increased to 760GWh 

(752GWh 2010/11)

•	 revenue increased by 6.9% to £761.1 million
•	 capital expenditure and investment in joint ventures of £140 

million mainly to deliver additional renewable power generation 
and recycling capacity.

2011/12 notable achievements:
•	 acquisition of five high-quality recycling, collection and 

transport businesses for around £40 million, strategically 
sited to complement existing UK operations and international 
recyclate sales

•	 announced as preferred bidder for South London, Glasgow and 
South Lanarkshire* PPP contracts, and one of last two bidders 
for five others

•	 by the year-end 39 of the 43 new facilities for the Greater 
Manchester joint venture PFI contract were operational  

•	 phases one and two of the construction of the combined heat 
and power (CHP) energy from waste (EfW) plant at Runcorn 
on schedule

•	 construction commenced on Ardley (Oxfordshire) and Exeter 
EfW projects and on Walpole anaerobic digestion facility in 
Somerset

•	 construction contract signed on Cardiff EfW project and 
final planning consent achieved on Avonmouth EfW and 
recycling facility

•	 Lakeside joint venture EfW plant, near Heathrow airport, 
announced as winner of 2011 Chartered Institution of 
Wastes Management ‘Peel People’s Cup’ for best run waste 
management facility in the UK, and of ‘EfW Facility of the Year’ 
and ‘Best Designed Renewable Energy Facility’ at the UK 
Renewable Infrastructure Awards.

* subject to legal challenge.

Viridor’s network of recycling, renewable energy and waste 
management operations is strategically located across the UK, with 
particular strengths in the South West; South East and North West 
of England, East Anglia, South East Wales, and Central Scotland. 
The company sells its high-quality recyclate in the UK and 
internationally, with established relationships across Europe and  
in Asian countries including China, Indonesia and India.

operating facilities

327
25

landfill gas power plants

34
3

materials recycling facilities (MRFs)

energy from waste (EfW) plants

8.1 

million tonnes of material handled  
in 2011/12

Strategy and performance – transforming waste

Viridor’s	strategy	is	to	add	value	by:
•	growing	recycling	capacity	and	services
•	growing	energy	from	waste	capacity	and	

services

•	selectively	gaining	more	PPP	contracts
•	capitalising	on	its	long-term	strong	position	 

in the landfill market.

Viridor	consolidated	its	position	as	the	UK’s	
largest operator of materials recycling facilities 
(MRFs)	in	2011/12.	The	company	made	five	
further acquisitions of recycling, collection and 
transfer businesses during the year. 

In	the	short-term	Viridor’s	financial	performance	
will	continue	to	be	influenced	by	trends	in  
recycling and landfill.
Recycling remains a very profitable business 
for Viridor and the roll-out of its EfW pipeline 
(operations	commencing	2013/14	onwards)	
could	more	than	double	EBITDA	within	five	
years.

Strategy
Transforming waste: to grow Viridor’s recycling capacity and services 
Performance
Volumes of traded recyclate increased by 7.2% with continuing 
improvement in quality and value mix. Revenue per tonne was 
up 6.8% year on year although prices fell back in the second half 
of the year. Further acquisitions strengthened recycling capacity 
and volume 

Performance
Runcorn, Exeter and Ardley EfW facilities and Walpole AD plant 
under construction. Construction contract signed for Cardiff EfW 
plant. Total power generation output increased to 760GWh

KPI 
Recyclates traded
million tonnes

KPI 
Profits from recovering 
value in waste %

KPI 
Renewable energy 
generation capacity 
MW as at 31 March

KPI 
Total renewable energy 
generation
GWh

8
.
7 1
.
1

4
.
1

4
.
1

1
.
1

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

+7.2%

9
4

6
5 4
4

1
4

4
3

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

49%

6
3
1

6
3
8 1
2
1

1
0
1

4
8

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

136MW

2
5
7

0
6
7

2
1
6

4
0
5

7
7
4

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

760GWh

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  19  

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Directors’ report – Business review Viridor
continued

A year of investment and progress

Strategy
The UK is required under the EU Landfill Directive to reduce the 
amount of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfill sites. 
This is being achieved by a major increase in recycling, with 
residual waste increasingly being used for energy recovery. The 
Government’s main mechanism for diverting waste from landfill 
and providing incentives for recycling and energy recovery is 
landfill tax, supported by a range of other policy and legislative 
measures. Many leading corporate organisations are also looking 
to improve environmental and business performance through 
recycling and resource efficiency. All of these factors underline 
the key aims and long-term trends in UK waste management that 
Viridor has been pre-empting and responding to in its services 
and continued business transformation. The strategic position and 
ability of the company to capitalise on these favourable trends is 
therefore strong. 
Business performance
Viridor’s revenue increased by £49.1 million to £761.1 million. 
Acquisitions accounted for £23.1 million of this, while existing 
business increased by £26.0 million (including an increase in 
landfill tax of £17.8 million).
Since 2007/08 and up until the first half of 2011/12 our strong 
growth in recycling profits had been more than offsetting the 
decline in annual landfill profits. However, recyclate prices fell in 
the second half of the year reflecting world economic conditions, 
although Viridor was able to offset more than 50% of the impact 
of this fall under the terms of its customer supply contracts and 
by other cost reductions. The year on year growth in recycling 
profits, combined with strong performances in contracts and 
joint ventures, was unable to offset the on-going decline in 
landfill coupled with increased contract bid costs associated 
with Viridor’s expanding PPP/EfW pipeline. Notwithstanding this 
the company produced a robust performance during a year of 
continuing difficult economic conditions. The proportion of our 
profits that come through recovering the value in waste continues 
to grow, and was around 50% in 2011/12. This compares with just 
16% eleven years ago. 
Despite the challenging UK and global economic climate, Viridor 
remains convinced that embracing the environmental agenda 
has been an effective driver for long-term growth. Being green is 
good for business. We are confident that our strategy will continue 
to drive long-term growth and produce value for Viridor and its 
stakeholders. Recycling will be key to profits in the next couple of 
years, with long-term momentum underpinned by our growing 
PPP and EfW pipeline.
Investment and awards
2011/12 was a year of major long-term investment from Viridor, 
including the completion of a further five acquisitions for a total 
of around £40 million, complementing the existing business and 
in line with the company’s recycling and collection strategies. 
These comprised the acquisition of Community Waste Recycling 
Limited for a total of £18.5 million, JWS Churngold Limited for 
£14.3 million, Storm Recycling Limited for £1.7 million, and two 
separate acquisitions of trade waste collection interests of Veolia 
in the South West of England for a combined sum of £8.2 million, 
the latter bringing excellent synergistic opportunities for Viridor’s 
business in that region.

Top: Lakeside energy from waste facility.
Bottom: Viridor collection services.

20  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Viridor continues its 
transformation into a 
progressive recycling-led  
resource management 
business, with a growing 
focus on recovering the value 
in waste through materials 
recycling and the generation 
of renewable energy from 
waste sources.

Investments in the future capabilities and strength of our business 
included capital expenditure and investment in joint ventures of 
£140 million, of which £93 million was for new projects in EfW, 
recycling and waste treatment infrastructure. This included 
£58.3 million on Phase II of the Runcorn EfW combined heat and 
power (CHP) facility. An additional £13.4 million was invested in 
joint ventures. 
During the year Viridor’s Lakeside EfW joint venture, near 
Heathrow airport, won the Chartered Institution of Wastes 
Management’s Peel Peoples Cup for the best run waste 
management facility in the UK. Lakeside also won the ‘EfW Facility 
of the Year’ and ‘Best Designed Renewable Energy Facility’ 
categories at the Renewable Infrastructure Awards 2011. Viridor, 
along with West Sussex County Council, Horsham District Council 
and sub-contractor, Olus, also won the Association for Organic 
Recycling’s Partnership Award. 
These awards, and the robust position and performance of the 
business, are recognition of the commitment, professionalism, 
innovation and hard work of our employees, for which we 
thank them.
Recycling
Year on year growth in recycling volumes and profits continued, 
reflecting organic growth, acquisitions and an improved mix 
between higher and lower value recyclates produced.
Volumes of recyclate traded during the year increased by 124,000 
tonnes (7.2%) to 1.84 million tonnes. Higher value recyclate 
volumes increased by 198,000 tonnes (17.4%), including 110,000 
tonnes through acquisitions, while lower value recyclates 
decreased by 74,000 tonnes (12.8%). Viridor continues to focus 
on investments and operational improvements to ensure the 
highest possible quality of output from its recycling activities. This 
strengthens our long-term relationships with customers via our 
global trading platform (Viridor Resource Management) and allows 
flexibility in changing market conditions.
The acquisition of Community Waste Recycling Limited included 
two MRFs, in Milton Keynes and Oxfordshire, and a business 
processing up to 90,000 tonnes of recyclates. Storm Recycling 
Limited brought an additional 20,000 tonnes of quality recyclates 
into the business in the North West of England. The acquisition 
of two trade waste collection businesses of Veolia in parts of the 
South West reflected the increasing role that Viridor’s collection 
fleet has in feeding the company’s recycling operations.
The long-term economics of recycling (and energy recovery) are 
enhanced by the rate of landfill tax increasing by £8 a year from 

the current £64 per tonne to £80 per tonne by 1 April 2014. The 
profit per tonne in recycling remains appreciably higher than the 
level in landfill operations. Quality recyclates also remain attractively 
priced commodities when compared with virgin materials. 
Contracts and joint ventures
2011/12 was the third year of operation of the 25-year Greater 
Manchester Waste PFI contract, a joint venture that remains the 
UK’s largest combined recycling-focused waste and renewable 
energy project. Some 39 out of the 43 now planned facilities 
required to service the contract are now operational. The project 
aims to recycle over 50% of Greater Manchester’s waste and 
divert at least 75% from landfill. 
Phase I of the Runcorn EfW CHP plant, which is being 
constructed to treat solid recovered fuel produced from Greater 
Manchester’s residual waste, is on schedule to open at the end of 
2012/13. Phase II of the Runcorn facility is also under construction 
and is scheduled to open during 2014. This additional capacity  
is designed to serve the North West market more generally. 
Runcorn will be one of the largest and most efficient EfW CHP 
plants in Europe. 
Towards the end of the year Viridor completed its £45 million 
investment in infrastructure to serve the West Sussex County 
Council recycling and waste handling PFI contract. The opening 
of the final recycling site at East Grinstead completed a seven 
year programme to deliver a network of modern recycling facilities 
across the county. The contract is on track to deliver its target of a 
45% recycling rate, three years ahead of schedule. The acquisition 
of JWS Churngold Limited strengthened contract services in the 
North West. 
2011/12 was the second full year of operation of the Lakeside EfW 
plant, a joint venture with Grundon Waste Management, with a 
capacity to treat 410,000 tonnes of residual waste a year and an 
electricity generation capacity of 37MW. This is the first of Viridor’s 
pipeline of EfW plants and it has performed consistently strongly  
in terms of its electrical output and its on-going profitability, with  
a total contribution of £7.8 million.
The total contribution from Viridor joint ventures increased by 4.5% 
to £11.5 million.
Landfill gas power generation 
Viridor has 34 landfill gas power plants generating renewable 
power by harnessing methane produced as organic material 
which is anaerobically broken down in contained landfill cells.  
The total power generated by these plants in 2011/12 rose 
slightly to 576GWh (from 566GWh in 2010/11). The average price 
achieved per MWh was also up slightly (1%) at £83.50 but this  
was offset by unit cost increases, leaving profits flat year on year.
Viridor estimates that its landfill gas power generation is 
approaching peak output. The company had an overall generating 
capacity of 107MW1 on 31 March 2012. Electricity produced is 
sold under the Government’s Renewables Obligation Certificates 
(ROCs), or the older Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO) schemes. 
The proportion of electricity generated at Viridor plants sold under 
the higher value ROCs, increased from 69% to 74% during the 
year, with the remaining 26% sold under NFFO contracts. Around 
60% of the NFFO component will migrate to ROCs in 2013/14, 
with the remaining balance migrating by 2016/17.

1 Excludes 3MW capacity at sub-contract sites in Suffolk.

Landfill and collection services
Landfill continues to provide an important disposal option for 
a significant – but declining – proportion of UK wastes. Total 
volumes received at Viridor sites decreased by 0.4 million tonnes 
(11.4%) to 3.1 million tonnes, broadly in line with the UK market. 
Approximately half of this decline in volume was accounted for by 
the closure of Horton landfill in West Sussex, with the remainder 
from reduced third party industrial and commercial inputs.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  21  

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Directors’ report – Business review Viridor 
continued

Average gate fees at Viridor sites increased by 5.8% to £23 
per tonne, but the gain was offset by increased costs on lower 
volumes. Consented landfill capacity fell from 69.0 million cubic 
metres at 31 March 2011 to 65.4 million cubic metres at 31 March 
2012, reflecting usage during the year.
Profits from collection services were flat year on year. Two 
acquisitions during the year (of Veolia trade waste collection 
businesses) strengthened capacity in core service areas. This 
reflects our drive for controlled growth in industrial and commercial 
collection within key areas, to provide materials for our recycling 
and EfW operations.
Renewable energy developments
Viridor believes that there is potential for the UK to generate up 
to 6% of its total electricity from energy derived from waste as 
fuel (from current contribution approaching 2%). Energy security 
remains a vitally important issue for the UK and utilising waste to 
generate renewable power presents opportunities for diversity  
of supply, with the additional benefits of landfill diversion and 
carbon reduction. Viridor currently has a generating capacity  
of 136MW and is confident that it can grow this capacity to  
over 300MW in four years. This would represent 3-4% of  
UK renewable energy supply.
To that end, Viridor’s strong pipeline of opportunities in the EfW 
and renewable energy sector continues to progress. The Runcorn 
facility, for example, will have a total capacity of 750,000 tonnes a 
year and a CHP capacity of 120MW (a proportion of which will be 
provided under joint venture).
During the year Viridor secured planning consent for its Ardley EfW 
facility. Construction has now begun on this plant which will largely 
serve the Oxfordshire PPP contract, treating 300,000 tonnes of 
residual waste a year with an electricity generating capacity of 
24MW. The construction of the Exeter EfW facility also began 
during the year. It is designed to treat 60,000 tonnes of residual 
waste for Devon County Council with a generating capacity 
of 3MW. 
At the end of the year Viridor signed an EPC contract for the 
Trident Park EfW scheme in Cardiff, with construction beginning 
in the first half of 2012/13. This facility will have a waste treatment 
capacity of 350,000 tonnes a year, and an electricity generating 
capacity of 28MW. The company also has planning consent for 
two further EfW projects in Dunbar and Avonmouth and is seeking 
consent for a further plant at Beddington in South London.
Towards the end of the year a contract was signed for the 
construction of an anaerobic digestion (AD) facility at Walpole 
in Somerset. This plant will be capable of treating up to 30,000 
tonnes of organic waste, mostly sourced from the existing 
PPP contract with Somerset Waste Partnership, and will 
have an electricity generating capacity of over 1MW. Viridor 
is commissioning four other AD plants as part of the Greater 
Manchester waste PFI contract.

PPP pipeline
Viridor’s bidding team for long-term PPP contracts has performed 
strongly in recent years. During 2011/12 we were announced 
as preferred bidder for the South London Waste Partnership’s 
25-year PPP residual waste contract for the treatment of up to 
200,000 tonnes of residual waste. Similarly the company achieved 
preferred bidder status for the Glasgow PPP contract requiring 
treatment and disposal of up to 200,000 tonnes of residual waste 
a year via an energy recovery facility.  
Viridor was also named preferred bidder for the South Lanarkshire 
PPP contract (currently subject to legal challenge) and is one of 
the last two bidders for contracts in Peterborough (for recycling 
and for residual waste), West Lothian (residual waste), South East 
Wales (residual waste), Central Bedfordshire (residual waste) and 
Edinburgh and Midlothian (food waste).
Key relationships
Environmental permits are required for all waste and recycling 
facilities in England and Wales, with waste management licences 
or pollution, prevention and control (PPC) permits required in 
Scotland. These are issued and monitored by the Environment 
Agency and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency 
respectively. Viridor maintains a positive working relationship 
with the regulators by means of proactive liaison and issues 
management, at both a site and strategic level. 
The company has developed an innovative data sharing portal 
named ‘Openspace’, with the Environment Agency in England, 
which supplies online environmental monitoring data live to the 
regulator, replacing the need to supply huge volumes of written 
quarterly and annual reports. This ground-breaking project is part 
of the Agency’s ‘better regulation’ agenda and has substantial cost 
and resource saving potential.
Local authorities remain Viridor’s largest single customer group 
accounting in total for 32% of the company’s revenue, although  
no individual authority accounts for more than 11%. Viridor’s  
ROC energy contracts account for 6% of revenue, primarily  
with one customer. 
No supplier accounts for more than 5% of Viridor’s revenue.  
The company sources from competitive markets.
Our employees
We are proud of the achievements of our employees. Viridor’s 
operational priority remains the safety, health and positive 
professional development of our employees. It is the on-going 
commitment, motivation and professionalism of our employees 
that enables the company to continue to grow, develop and 
deliver results. Particular attention has been paid during the year 
to improving further training capacity and personal development 
opportunities and to health and safety. Our overall RIDDOR 
incidence rate has fallen by 43% during the year.
The company continues to focus on supporting new employees 
joining Viridor to ensure quick and effective integration into our 
company culture, especially our health and safety and business 
management systems. This also enables all new employees to 
contribute to the company’s success from the beginning of their 
Viridor career. 

22  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Looking ahead we intend 
to increase further the 
proportion of profits 
generated by recovering  
the value in waste. 

Recycling operations will 
be key to profits in the 
short-term with Viridor’s 
pipeline of PPP/EfW projects 
underpinning its long-term 
profit momentum.

Looking ahead
During the year the UK Government completed its Waste Policy 
Review for England – with similar themes enshrined in the Scottish 
and Welsh ‘zero waste’ strategies and plans. These underline 
the governments’ commitment to moving towards a ‘zero waste 
economy’ via higher levels of recycling, energy recovery and 
resource efficiency. Viridor awaits with interest the National Waste 
Management Plan (due in 2013) setting out updated guidance 
on the delivery of waste infrastructure. There has already been 
good progress in the delivery of planning consents for recycling 
and waste facilities and we believe that the current market-friendly 
approach to recycling and generating energy form waste should 
continue to be encouraged.
The seventh Environment Action Programme (EAP) is also due 
to be adopted by the European Commission (EC) in 2012. This 
will emphasise the need for waste prevention, recycling and 
greater resource efficiency, as well as better implementation 
of environmental legislation at all levels – including waste 
management.
Within the context of EC policy and legislative trends, we believe 
that Viridor is well placed to benefit from additional requirements 
to increase renewable energy generation, carbon reduction and 
overall resource efficiency. 
The waste sector will continue to be driven by a regulatory 
environment in which Viridor has been able to take an 
entrepreneurial approach. As we target further growth, particularly 
in our recycling and EfW businesses, we believe it is important 
that the current light touch is maintained to give us the operational 
freedoms we need to benefit our clients, the environment at large 
and our investors.
Looking ahead we intend to increase further the proportion of 
profits generated by recovering value in waste. The company 
strategy has been successful to date and recycling operations  
will be key to profits in the short-term. Long-term profit momentum 
will be underpinned by our growing PPP and EfW pipeline. This 
gives us confidence that Viridor can continue to deliver long-term 
growth in shareholder value.

Profit contribution by segment
2011/12

Collection 6%

JVs 9%

Collection 6%
Landfill 18%
JVs 9%

Landfill 18%
Contracts and 
other 20%

Recycling 27%

Recycling 27%

Power 
generation 20%

Around 50% of profits from recovering value in waste (including 
Contracts and 
more than 2% energy generation/recycling in JVs and Contracts 
other 20%
and other).
Collection 6%

Power 
generation 20%

JVs 9%

2010/11

Collection 6%

JVs 9%
Landfill 23%

Landfill 23%
Contracts and 
other 18%

Contracts and 
other 18%

Recycling 24%

Recycling 24%
Power 
generation 20%

Power 
generation 20%

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Anaerobic digestion facility, Greater Manchester.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  23  

 
Directors’ report – Business review 

Financial review
Pennon Group continued to deliver revenue and profit 
growth in 2011/12

Performance overview

Profit before tax 
£m

Earnings per share before 
deferred tax pence

5
.
0
0
2

5
.
8
8
1

8
.
5
8
4 1
.
9
5
1

3
.
2
5
1

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

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2

1
1
/
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2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

£200.5m
+6.4%

3
.
7
4

3
.
2
4

8
.
0
9 4
.
6
3

3
.
6
3

8
0
/
7
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2

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8
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2

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2

1
1
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2

2
1
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1
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2

47.3p
+11.8%

Interest rate on  
average net debt 
%

2
.
5

8
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4

1
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4

1
.
4

9
.
3

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

3.9%

Dividend per share 
pence

2
5
.
6
2

5
6
.
4
2

5
5
.
2
2

0
0
.
1
2

1
8
.
9
1

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

26.52p
+7.6%

Viridor capital expenditure

South West Water capital expenditure

Contracts and other
£2m

Landfill £19m

Collection £8m

Power generation £3m

Recycling £10m

Other £18m

Information
technology
£9m

Waste water
treatment
works
£31m

EfW plants
£85m

Water
distribution
£29m

Water
resources
£10m

Water
treatment 
works £11m

Sewerage
£23m

Reconciliation of earnings per share

Earnings per share – pence
Statutory earnings per share
Deferred tax
Earnings per share before deferred tax – pence

2011/12
p

2010/11
p

Growth
%

48.1
(0.8)
47.3

48.4
(6.1)
42.3

(0.6)

11.8

Note: Earnings per share figures in this Business review exclude deferred tax. The Directors believe that this measure provides a more useful comparison on business trends and performance 
since deferred tax distorts earnings per share through the effects of changes in corporation tax rates and the level of long-term capital investment. 

24  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Continuing interest outperformance coupled with  
raising cash and facilities to fund future growth: 

£1,084 million cash and facilities at 31 March 2012,  
including £566 million of new/refinanced facilities  
sourced during the year.

The year’s financial highlights 
Pennon Group performed well overall. South West Water recorded 
a strong performance compared with the 2010-2015 regulatory 
contract. Continuing growth in Viridor recycling, contracts and 
joint ventures was offset by a reduction in landfill contribution plus 
increased bid costs associated with its developing project pipeline. 
During the year we secured further funding to finance continuing 
growth. By the year-end we had £1,084 million in cash and 
facilities in place to fund major growth in Viridor’s project pipeline 
and South West Water’s K5 (2010-2015) capital programme. 
We have secured funding at a cost that is low in absolute terms. The 
Group interest rate on average net debt improved to 3.9% (2010/11 
4.1%). In addition South West Water’s interest rate of 4.1% (pre-tax, 
nominal) is substantially lower than the 6.2% assumed by Ofwat 
for the 2010-2015 regulatory period. This is a significant advantage 
compared with a number of our competitors which will help drive 
value for the Group and our shareholders for years to come. 
The principal measures we use to assess the Group’s financial 
performance are profit before tax, earnings per share before 
deferred tax and the interest rate on average net debt.
Revenue
Group revenue increased by 6.4% to £1,233.1 million. 
South West Water’s revenue rose by 5.6% to £474.0 million as 
a result of tariff increases and new connections, partially offset 
by a further reduction in revenue from customers switching from 
unmeasured to metered charges and from lower demand. 
Viridor’s revenue rose by 6.9% to £761.1 million. Approximately half 
of the increase was accounted for by acquisitions.
Operating profit
Group operating profit increased by 3.0% to £268.8 million with 
South West Water up by 7.9% to £204.7 million, but Viridor down 
by 11.0% to £63.7 million. 
Net finance costs
We continued our effective management of interest rates in 
2011/12 with net interest payable on average net debt equating to 
3.9% (2010/11 4.1%). During the year net finance costs (excluding 
pensions, net interest, discount unwind on provisions and IFRIC 12 
contract interest receivable) were £74.9 million (2010/11 £77.2 million) 
covered 3.6 times (2010/11 3.4 times) by Group operating profit.
Profit before tax
Profit before tax was £200.5 million, an increase of 6.4%. Pages 12 
and 18 give a detailed description of the financial performance of 
each company.
Taxation
The Group’s UK corporation tax charge for the year was £30.9 
million (2010/11 £38.6 million). Deferred tax for the year was a 
credit of £2.8 million (2010/11 credit £21.7 million), which included 
a credit of £26.4 million from the impact of the reduction in the rate 
of corporation tax from April 2012. 

Earnings per share
Earnings per share before deferred tax increased by 11.8% to 
47.3p. The weighted average number of shares in issue during the 
year was 358.7 million (2010/11 354.6 million). Net assets per share 
at book value at 31 March 2012 were 228p.
Dividends and retained earnings
The statutory net profit of £172.4 million has been transferred 
to reserves.
The Directors recommend the payment of a final dividend of 18.30p 
per share for the year ended 31 March 2012. With the interim 
dividend of 8.22p per share paid on 3 April 2012, this gives a total 
dividend for the year of 26.52p, an increase of 7.6% over 2010/11 
(reflecting 4% real growth plus RPI of 3.6% at March 2012).
Proposed dividends totalling £95.9 million are covered 1.8 times by 
net profit (excluding deferred tax) (2010/11 1.7 times). Dividends are 
charged against retained earnings in the year in which they are paid.
Dividend policy
The Board’s previously announced intention is to increase the 
dividend each year by 4% above inflation up to at least the end  
of 2014/15. The Group is well positioned to meet future challenges 
and to continue delivering shareholder value. We remain 
committed to this increase.
Operating costs
Operating costs for the year totalled £964 million. The most 
significant areas of expenditure were:

Expenditure
Landfill tax
Manpower
Depreciation
Raw materials and consumables1
Transport
Power 
Business rates
Abstraction and discharge consents 

1 Excludes elements of transport costs.

£m
166
155
146
102
63
27
27
8

Asset value opinion
In the opinion of the Directors, the current market value of the 
Group’s land and buildings is not significantly different from the 
holding cost shown in the financial statements.
Group investment
During the year the Group’s capital expenditure on property, 
plant and equipment increased by 29% to £257 million (2010/11 
£199 million). The major categories of expenditure for both main 
businesses are shown on page 24.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  25  

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Directors’ report – Business review Financial review 
continued

The Group has fixed or put swaps in place to fix the interest rate 
on at least 50% of South West Water’s debt for the entire K5 
period up to 2015, at an average interest rate of 3.4%. A further 
24% of South West Water’s debt is index-linked to 2041-2057, at 
an overall real rate of 1.66%. As a result of these initiatives, South 
West Water’s cost of finance is amongst the lowest in the industry. 
During the year the Group recorded fair value losses of 
£25 million on swaps (2011 nil), as indicated in the Statement of 
comprehensive income on page 63. These swaps are expected to 
be held to maturity and hence these losses will reverse over time.
Pennon Group Plc’s and South West Water’s interest rates on 
average net debt for the year to 31 March 2012 were 3.9% and 
4.1% respectively.
Just over half of the Group’s gross debt is finance leasing, giving 
us a long maturity profile with interest payable benefiting from  
the fixed credit margins which were secured at the inception  
of each lease.
At 31 March 2012 the fair value of the Group’s non-current 
borrowings was £200 million less than its book value (2010/11 
£261 million) as detailed in note 26 to the financial statements. 
Capital structure – overall position
At the end of the financial year the Group’s net debt of £2,105 
million gave a ratio of net debt to (equity plus net debt) of 71.9% 
(2010/11 71.3%).
South West Water’s debt to Regulatory Capital Value (RCV) was 
56.1% at 31 March 2012 (2010/11 57.1%) which is within Ofwat’s 
optimum range of 55% – 65%.
Viridor is funded by a combination of Pennon Group equity and 
debt (raised by Pennon Group) and direct borrowing by Viridor. 
At the year-end Viridor’s net debt was £517 million (2010/11 £487 
million) equivalent to 4.7 times EBITDA (2010/11 4.2 times).
Treasury policies
The role of the Group’s treasury function is to ensure that we have 
the funding to meet foreseeable needs to maintain reasonable 
headroom for future contingencies and to manage interest 
rate risk. The Group enters into certain structured financing 
transactions that have and are expected to provide an improved 
return on surplus funds and overall interest rate performance. 
It operates only within policies approved by the Board and 
undertakes no speculative trading activity.
The Board regularly monitors expected financing needs for at least 
the next 12 months which are intended to be met for the coming 
year from existing cash balances, loan facilities and operating 
cash flows.
The Group has considerable financial resources and a broad 
spread of business activities. The Directors therefore believe that 
it is well placed to manage its business risks despite the ongoing 
uncertainties of the current economic environment.
Internal borrowing
South West Water’s funding is treated for regulatory purposes as 
effectively ring-fenced. This means that funds raised by, or for, the 
company are not available as long-term funding for other areas of 
the Group.
Going concern
The Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has 
adequate resources to continue its operational existence for the 
foreseeable future. They therefore have continued to adopt the 
going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

Cash flow
In 2011/12 the Group once again had a strong operating cash flow. 
Net borrowings increased by £171 million primarily due to capital 
investments and acquisitions. 

Summarised cash flow
Cash inflow from operations
Pension contributions 
Net cash inflow from operations 
Net interest paid 
Dividends and tax paid
Capital expenditure
Acquisitions/investment in joint ventures
Loan repayments received from joint ventures
Net cash outflow
Shares issued
Debt acquired with acquisitions
Debt indexation/interest accruals
Increase in net borrowings

2011/12
£m
374
(49)
325
(61)
(111)
(258)
(43)
4
(144)
2
–
(29)
(171)

2010/11
£m
412
(36)
376
(64)
(100)
(186)
(38)
4
(8)
2
(22)
(11)
(39)

Liquidity and debt profile
The Group has a strong liquidity and funding position with £1,084 
million cash and facilities at 31 March 2012. This includes cash and 
deposits of £425 million (including £123 million of restricted funds 
representing deposits with lessors against lease obligations) and 
undrawn facilities of £659 million. These totals include £566 million 
in new or renewed debt facilities arranged during the year, being:
•	 £125 million European Investment Bank loan for South 

West Water

•	 £205 million leasing facilities
•	 £181 million of new term loans and Revolving Credit Facilities
•	 renewal of £55 million Revolving Credit Facility.
The Group’s financing structure gives us the scope and flexibility 
we need to implement our strategic objectives and maximise value 
for our shareholders.
At 31 March 2012 the Group’s loans and finance lease obligations 
totalled £2,530 million. After the £425 million held in cash this gives 
a net debt figure of £2,105 million, up by £171 million during the 
year.
Debt incurred for the construction in progress of Viridor’s portfolio 
of EfW plants at Runcorn Phase II, Ardley – Oxfordshire PPP and 
Exeter increased by £97 million to £143 million at 31 March 2012.
Major components of the Group’s debt finance at 
31 March 2012

Convertible bond
£118m
Private placements
£100m

Bond 2040 £132m

Index-linked 
bond 2057
£240m

European 
Investment Bank 
loans £253m

Bank bilateral debt
£384m

Other £19m

Finance 
leasing
£1,284m

The Group’s debt has a maturity of up to 45 years, with an 
average maturity of 23 years.

26  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Taxation objectives and policies
Our tax strategy, as approved by the Board, is to enhance 
shareholder value by legally minimising the taxes we pay while 
having regard to our long-term relationship with the tax authorities. 
We will consider bona fide arrangements which are integral to our 
business and which qualify for tax exemption or relief.
Tax contribution 2011/12

Other £3m

UK corporation tax
£41m

Employment taxes
£47m

Fuel Excise Duty
£12m
Business rates £27m
VAT £21m

Landfill tax 
£188m

The total tax charge for the year of £28.1 million was less than  
the charge which would have arisen from the accounting profit 
before tax of £200.5 million taxed at the statutory rate of 26%.  
A reconciliation is provided in note 8 to the financial statements.
The Group made a net payment of £41.4 million of UK corporation 
tax in the year (2010/11 £43.2 million). 
The Group’s total tax contribution extends significantly beyond  
the UK corporation tax charge.
Total taxes amounted to £339 million of which £55 million was 
collected on behalf of the authorities for net VAT and employee 
payroll taxes.
In addition to corporation tax the most significant taxes involved 
together with their profit impact were:
•	 landfill tax of £166 million was collected by the Group on behalf 
of HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). Landfill tax is an operating 
cost which is recovered from customers and is recognised in 
revenue. In addition the Group incurred landfill tax of £22 million 
on the disposal of waste to third parties. This is an operating 
cost for the Group and reduces profit before tax

•	 Value Added Tax (VAT) of £21 million (net) collected by the 

Group and paid to HMRC; VAT has no material impact on profit 
before tax 

•	 business rates of £27 million paid to local authorities. This is a 

direct cost to the Group and reduces profit before tax

•	 employment taxes of £47 million including employees’ Pay As 
You Earn (PAYE) and total National Insurance Contributions 
(NICs). Employer NICs of £13 million were charged 
approximately 94% to operating costs with 6% capitalised to 
property, plant and equipment 

•	 Fuel Excise Duty of £12 million related to transport costs.  

This reduces profit before tax.

The corporation tax rate for 2011/12 used to calculate the current 
year’s tax is 26%. The corporation tax rate, as enacted into law 
on 26 March 2012, has been reduced to 24% for 2012/13 and is 
expected to fall by a further 1% per annum until the financial year 
2014/15 when the rate will be 22%.
Pensions
The Group operates defined benefit pension schemes for certain 
employees of Pennon Group, South West Water and Viridor.  
The main schemes were closed to new entrants on or before  
1 April 2008.

Funding raised to support ongoing capital investment
Top: Sewage treatment works, Polperro, Cornwall.
Bottom: Mechanical biological treatment facility, Greater 
Manchester.

At 31 March 2012 the Group’s pension schemes showed a deficit 
(before deferred tax) of £99 million (2010/11 £86 million). Net 
liabilities of £75 million (after deferred tax) represented less than  
3% of the Group’s total market capitalisation at 31 March 2012.
The last actuarial valuation of the main scheme was at 31 March 
2010. South West Water’s cash contributions to the scheme 
remain within Ofwat’s Final Determination for the K5 period.
During the year the Group recorded losses of £52 million (2011 
gain of £2 million) in the Statement of comprehensive income on 
page 63 from changes in actuarial assumptions, being principally 
the reduction in the net discount rate of 0.63%, reflecting lower  
AA bond yields.
Insurance
Pennon Group manages its property and third party liability risks 
through insurance policies that mainly cover property, motor, 
business interruption, public liability, environmental pollution and 
employers’ liability.
The Group uses three tiers of insurance to cover operating risks:
•	 self-insurance – Group companies pay a moderate excess on 

most claims

•	 cover by the Group’s subsidiary (Peninsula Insurance Limited) 
of the layer of risk between the self-insurance and the cover 
provided by external insurers

•	 cover provided by the external insurance market, arranged  
by our brokers with insurance companies which have good 
credit ratings.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  27  

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Directors’ report – Business review

Principal risks and uncertainties

The risks and uncertainties set out in this section have 
been identified from our risk management process as 
potentially having a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition, results of operations and reputation. 
They are managed as described but are not wholly within 
our control and may still result in a material adverse impact 
on the Group. Factors beside those listed could also have a 
material adverse effect on our business activities.

How we manage risk
We operate a well established and fully embedded Group wide risk management process from which we seek to identify significant risks 
at the earliest possible stage and determine whether they are acceptable risks which we can manage and mitigate satisfactorily. More 
detail on our risk management process is set out on Page 50 in our Corporate Governance Report.

Risk

Commentary

Mitigation

Change 

Law and regulatory 
Changes in law, regulation or 
decisions by Governmental 
bodies or regulators could 
have a material adverse effect 
on our financial results or 
operations.

There is a wide range of laws and 
regulations and policy decisions of 
government and regulators which 
could have a materially adverse 
effect on the results of operations of 
both South West Water and Viridor. 
Examples of laws and regulatory 
changes include:
The transfer of private sewers to 
South West Water which took place 
on 1 October 2011 and the further 
adoption of private pumping stations 
which is due to take place up to 2016. 

The general direction of travel of 
Government policy in both business areas 
is known and each company is actively 
involved in consultations on regulatory 
changes. 



Operational plans to manage customer 
contacts and deliver service to customers 
were implemented smoothly and activity 
has been at the lower end of the range. 
Appropriate risk management activities 
are undertaken to monitor progress and 
a strategy is in place to manage for the 
further adoption of pumping stations. 
Operating and capital costs incurred 
efficiently will be funded by future 
adjustments to price limits.

Key
 Unchanged during year 
 Increased during year
 Reduced during year

Risk Level
Green – Low
Amber – Medium
Red – High

The colouring (red, amber, green) is the 
Group’s estimate of the inherent risk level to 
the Group after mitigation. It is important to 
note that risks are difficult to estimate with 
accuracy and therefore the risks may be 
more or less significant than indicated.

28  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Risk

Commentary

Mitigation

Performance of South West Water 
against key regulatory outputs. 

The Government’s Water White Paper 
signals an evolutionary approach 
to market and regulatory reform 
over a period to 2025 and beyond. 
Legislation is required for a number 
of the changes and draft legislation 
is anticipated in 2012/13. The 
development of greater competition  
in the water industry could reduce 
South West Water’s revenues.

Climate change and resulting 
increased regulatory standards could 
increase costs for South West Water. 

The UK has landfill diversion, 
recycling and recovery targets which, 
together with the impact of both 
WEEE Regulations, higher Producer 
Responsibility obligations and pre-
treatment requirements, plus rising 
landfill tax, will continue to further 
reduce landfill volumes for Viridor 
and potentially, over time, landfill 
asset values. 

The ever increasing demand for higher 
standards, in areas such as health and 
safety, environmental performance 
and employee welfare increase costs 
for both South West Water and Viridor. 

They are monitored on a monthly basis 
and where performance falls short, 
corrective programmes are developed 
and implemented to target recovery in 
specific areas. Internal monitoring and 
assurance programmes are undertaken 
through the year and annual data is 
supported by external verification through 
the South West Water external auditors to 
provide assurance on compliance.
As part of its risk management and 
business strategic planning processes, 
the company evaluates developments 
and proposals for competition which 
could provide opportunities for business 
expansion. South West Water is prepared 
for the development of retail competition, 
with the launch of ‘Source for Business’, 
offering enhanced services to commercial 
customers. The company has evaluated 
proposals for regulatory reform and 
contributed fully to the Ofwat consultations 
on regulatory price setting and other 
forms of dialogue with regulators and 
stakeholders in order to effectively convey 
its views.
The company has plans ready and will 
adapt the way it conducts its business 
to respond effectively to the changing 
weather conditions.

Viridor’s strategy is to grow in recycling 
and energy from waste where margins 
per tonne are much higher than in landfill. 
Increasing landfill tax increases the 
economic attractiveness of recycling and 
energy from waste. The new Resource 
Efficiency Agenda emanating from the 
EU and the UK Government’s attention 
to resource and electricity security are 
expected to provide further opportunities 
for Viridor.
These issues for South West Water are 
addressed in the five-year regulatory 
price review mechanism through future 
adjustments to price limits but there is a 
risk that some additional costs will not be 
funded immediately, in part or at all. 
Within Viridor higher costs are sometimes 
but not always recovered through 
contractual arrangements with waste 
authorities and other customers. 
Additionally Viridor continues to develop 
its Business Management Systems 
to address costs and maintain high 
standards of compliance by improving 
its management controls. Viridor also 
maintains a close interest in industry 
developments via the waste sector trade 
association and therefore is often at the 
forefront of planned changes.

Change 













Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  29  

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Directors’ report – Business review Principal risks and uncertainties
continued

Risk

Commentary

Mitigation

Change 

Economic conditions 
Economic conditions could 
materially affect the Group’s 
revenues and profitability.

The Group does have exposure to 
reduced economic activity, inflation/
deflation and the impact of the current 
Eurozone uncertainties. However 
South West Water’s revenues are 
economically regulated through the 
price review mechanism and Viridor 
has a diversified revenue stream which 
includes exports to countries such as 
China and India whose economies 
are more buoyant than the UK and 
Europe. Examples of specific areas  
of impact are:
South West Water’s revenues can be 
impacted by higher bad debts and 
customer affordability. 

South West Water has 73.4% of its 
domestic customer base metered 
and as a result the revenue from 
these customers can be more volatile 
from changes in usage which can 
be affected by a number of factors 
including:
 – abnormal weather impacts
 – increased water efficiency 
 – recession impacting commercial 

customers.

Viridor has seen residual waste landfill 
and collection volumes reduce due 
to the recession and the long-term 
trend towards recycling and energy 
from waste. 

Viridor’s commodity trading arm 
(VRM) trades where the market is 
most favourable. However, Viridor 
remains susceptible to global 
economic demands and the 
weakness of the Eurozone is having  
a depressing effect on the prices  
of internationally traded recyclates. 
A breakdown of the Eurozone would 
intensify the downward pressure on 
prices. In addition competition for 
recyclables from other contractors  
via aggressive pricing has been  
a recent trend.

30  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

In addition to existing debt reduction 
strategies (such as WaterCare+, Restart 
and the Fresh Start Fund), which are kept 
under review, the company continues 
to implement new initiatives to improve 
and secure cash collection, including the 
use of third party collection agencies and 
introduction of a new billing and collection 
business ‘Source Contact Management’. 
The Government’s commitment to tackle 
‘unfairness’ issues for the company’s 
bill payers, where 3% of the population 
pay for 30% of the UKs bathing waters, 
has also moved forward with legislation 
passed for a £50 reduction in bills for 
householders from 2013/14.
The financial impact of changes in 
customer demand are mitigated through 
the regulatory Revenue Correction 
Mechanism, whereby shortfalls in revenue 
in one five year regulatory pricing period 
are adjusted in the following period. 
A number of the company’s other income 
streams are vulnerable to downturns 
in economic activity, particularly in 
the property market affecting new 
connections, searches and mains 
diversion activity.
Viridor’s strategy is focused on growing  
in recycling and energy from waste where 
margins per tonne are much higher than 
in landfill.

Under the terms of its customer supply 
contracts and by management action 
Viridor has been able to offset more than 
50% of the impact of price reductions in 
recyclates.











Change 




Viridor provides best value services and 
competitive procurement bids to its public 
sector customers.

The Company has robust treasury policies 
in place which include always having pre-
funded surplus cash and/or committed 
facilities to cover at least one year’s 
estimated cash flow and arranging for no 
more than 20% of net borrowing to mature 
in any one year. In addition in respect of 
South West Water the economic regulator 
has a statutory duty to ensure that it is 
able to finance its functions in the normal 
course. The Group has to date obtained 
funding at lower effective average interest 
rates compared to many other companies 
in its sector and is well placed to meet the 
funding requirements of both South West 
Water and Viridor in the foreseeable future. 
The Group had £1 billion of cash and 
facilities as at 31 March 2012 including 
over £0.5 billion of new/refinanced facilities 
sourced during the year.

Risk

Commentary

Mitigation

Finance and funding 
Access to finance and funding 
costs may be adversely 
affected by perceived credit 
rating and prolonged periods 
of market volatility or liquidity. 
There are covenant limits 
and restrictive obligations 
on borrowing and debt 
arrangements.

Operating performance
Poor operating performance 
or a failure or interruption of 
our operating systems or the 
inability to carry out network 
operations or damage to 
infrastructure may have a 
material adverse impact on 
both our financial position  
and reputation.

The Government’s spending Review 
has put pressure on local authority 
services, including household waste 
recycling centre operations which is 
expected to have a short-term impact. 
The Group may be unable to raise 
sufficient funds to finance its activities 
or such funds may be only available at 
higher cost.

Poor operating performance for 
both South West Water or Viridor 
could result in enforcement action, 
prosecutions, loss of permits and civil 
action which could all result in negative 
publicity, regulatory penalties, loss 
of customer confidence due to poor 
performance and eventually, reduced 
demand for services and increased 
fixed costs.
Within South West Water a major 
network failure or interruption may 
be suffered or the company may not 
be able to carry out critical network 
operations. Operational performance 
could be materially adversely affected 
by a failure to maintain the health of 
the system or network which could 
cause South West Water to fail agreed 
standards of service or specified 
quality standards. 



Specific measures taken by South West 
Water include:
•	 a number of schemes in place to 

maintain water resources (such as 
pumped storage for certain reservoirs) 
and the promotion of conservation 
measures and customer water 
efficiency measures

•	 a Water Resources Plan prepared 

every five years and which is reviewed 
annually for a range of climate change 
and demand scenarios. The current 
Water Resources Plan indicates that no 
new reservoirs are required before the 
planning horizon of 2035. However, due 
to the impacts of climate change, this 
position is reviewed frequently

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  31  

 
Directors’ report – Business review Principal risks and uncertainties
continued

Risk

Commentary

Mitigation

Change 

•	 established procedures and controls 
in place, as well as contingency plans 
and incident management procedures. 
The company also maintains insurance 
policies in relation to these risks, 
although there can be no assurance 
that all or any of the costs associated 
with these risks would be covered 
or that coverage will continue to be 
available in the future

•	 monitoring of significant assets by 
automated and remote operation 
and routine controls and operating 
procedures that are constantly kept 
under review. Asset management 
techniques are employed to pre-empt 
the failure of assets to maintain stable 
serviceability and avoid regulatory 
penalties.

While the company has seen 
improvements in customer service 
particularly through reduced written 
complaints, there is uncertainty over 
South West Water’s relative position in 
the industry. However there is a strategy 
for 2012/13 in place to improve customer 
service further.



Sound policies and accredited procedures 
are in place with internal and external 
inspections, to maintain operations and 

achieve performance standards set. 


The company does have a track record 
of delivering its capital programme in 
accordance with regulatory requirements 
and progress is regularly monitored and 
reviewed.



The company has experienced and 
dedicated project/contract teams; detailed 
due diligence on all projects, supplies, 
technologies and acquisitions is carried 
out by experienced and qualified staff; 
and wherever possible back-to-back 
agreements with and guarantees from 
suppliers are entered into. There is also 
regular monthly reporting on performance 
on major contracts and post project 
appraisals are carried out which all 
assist in being able to improve future 
performance.

From 2011/12 a financial reward/
penalty could be applied to South 
West Water at the next price review 
under Ofwat’s Service Incentive 
Mechanism (SIM). This depends on 
South West Water’s customer service 
performance relative to the industry 
average over the remaining K5 
regulatory period.
Viridor operates in a competitive 
marketplace where price and service 
are key precursors to success.  

South West Water may not carry 
out its capital programme within the 
price limits and with the efficiencies 
determined by Ofwat.

Within Viridor there are risks of project 
delays, cost over-runs or contract 
failure which could be as a result of 
failure or insolvency on the part of 
contractors or their subcontractors, 
or due to a new technology failing 
performance requirements. There 
is also a risk of overpaying for an 
acquisition. With the increase in 
Viridor’s project pipeline, Viridor 
recognises that this risk is increasing 
and is addressing it.

Capital investment
The failure or increased 
costs of capital projects or 
acquisitions or joint ventures 
not achieving predicted 
revenues or performance could 
have a material adverse effect 
on both our financial position 
and reputation.

32  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Risk

Commentary

Mitigation

Competitive pressures
A reduced customer base, 
increased competition affecting 
prices or reduced demand for 
services could have a material 
adverse impact on our financial 
position.

Business systems
Information technology and 
business continuity systems 
and processes may fail which 
may cause material disruption 
to the Group’s businesses and 
could have a material adverse 
impact on both our financial 
position and reputation.

Viridor is experiencing increased 
competitive pressures in a number 
of areas of its business including 
in particular on recyclate volume 
and prices, landfill gate fees and 
bidding for Public Private Partnership 
contracts (PPPs). Recycling has  
been recognised as an attractive 
business by an increasing number  
of competitors.
Competitive pressures in respect of 
South West Water are referred to in 
the first risk set out at the beginning  
of this section.
There always remains a risk of 
interruption, failure or third party 
intervention that could have a material 
adverse impact on the operations of 
South West Water’s business. 

Some of Viridor’s IT systems 
require replacement, development 
or upgrading to meet the growing 
requirements of the business and 
in some areas new technology 
being introduced may not operate 
or perform according to stated 
specification requirements.

Change 



Viridor provides recycling and waste 
management services which are locally 
delivered services from locally managed 
facilities and a significant proportion 
of its revenue is contracted over the 
medium or long-term. With regard to 
major competitive projects being pursued 
there are barriers to entry due to planning 
permissions being difficult to obtain and 
significant investment requirements.

The company has well developed 
IT systems and continuity systems 
in place. The further impact of a 
system failure or disruption to the 
company has been reduced with the 
refurbishment of the data centre at its 
head office and the establishment of a 
geographically separate alternative data 
centre, which is hosted by a third party 
communications provider.
Viridor has increased its IT management 
and technical resources accordingly. It 
also has a comprehensive development 
programme and plans in place to address 
the deficiencies identified and seek to 
ensure business continuity in the event  
of failure.





Forward-looking statements
This Business review contains forward-looking statements regarding the financial position; results of operations; cash flows; dividends; 
financing plans; business strategies; operating efficiencies; capital and other expenditures; competitive positions; growth opportunities; 
plans and objectives of management; and other matters. These forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those relating  
to the future business prospects, revenues, working capital, liquidity, capital needs, interest costs and income in relation to Pennon Group 
and its subsidiaries, wherever they occur in this Business review, are necessarily based on assumptions reflecting the views of Pennon 
Group and its subsidiary companies, as appropriate. They involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results 
to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements should, therefore, be 
considered in the light of relevant factors, including those set out in this ‘Group risk review’ section.

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  33  

 
Directors’ report – Business review 

Sustainability report

Pennon is one of the largest environmental and resource 
management groups in the UK. Sustainability is at the 
heart of our business. The provision of high quality water 
and waste management services is fundamental to the 
well-being and sustainability of our society. Ensuring the 
availability of plentiful clean water which is used wisely and 
not wasted, together with effective waste water treatment, 
is South West Water’s business. Transforming waste into a 
resource by recycling and generating renewable energy is 
Viridor’s business. 

Substantial investment in our water and sewerage activities 
and infrastructure enables us to deliver both high levels of 
performance and service, as well as long-term security of supply. 
In our recycling and waste management business we continue 
to invest in facilities and services to transform waste into quality 
recycled materials and renewable energy, helping customers from 
all sectors to meet their own recycling and waste management 
objectives, while addressing the longer term strategic imperatives 
of resource efficiency, protecting the environment and preserving 
natural resources.
We believe that a well-managed and responsible Group, with 
sustainability both at the core of its operations and fundamental 
to its business philosophy, will deliver strong performance and 
lasting value for our stakeholders. We contribute to the well-being 
of the communities that we serve, and of the environment in which 
we operate. Our commitment to sustainability is embedded in 
our operational and business practices, our relationships with our 
stakeholders, and in our long-term strategy.
Pennon was delighted that this commitment was recognised 
when the Group won the ‘Achievement in Sustainability’ award  
at the annual PLC Awards in February 2012. This award 
recognises accomplishments in key areas of economic, 
environmental and social sustainability. Judges highlighted our 
performance in renewable energy power generation at our waste 
water treatment works and landfill gas control, as well as our 
funding for community and environmental projects.
Our commitment to economic, social and environmental 
sustainability is embedded in our strategic objectives to:

•	 manage Pennon Group as a sustainable and successful 

business for the benefit of shareholders and other stakeholders

•	 aim to ensure that all our business activities have a positive 

economic, social and environmental impact on the communities 
in which we operate

•	 engage with all our stakeholders and foster good relationships 

with them

•	 strive for the highest standards of health and safety in the 

workplace so as to minimise accidents, incidents and lost time

•	 develop and motivate our employees, treat them fairly and 

ensure that they are fully engaged in all aspects of the Pennon 
Group’s objectives

•	 aspire to leadership in minimising emissions that contribute 
to climate change, and develop climate change adaptation 
strategies

•	 aspire to leadership in all aspects of waste prevention and 

resource efficiency.

Key environmental issues 
Climate change and resource efficiency
Climate change and excessive resource use are two fundamental 
challenges for society which are being addressed by developments 
in the UK’s water, waste and renewable energy policies. Pennon 
is proactively approaching these key issues with strategies that 
underpin the sustainable performance of the business.
Group programmes increase the resilience of both South West 
Water and Viridor by protecting our assets, reducing emissions, 
harnessing renewable energy and maximising materials recovery. 
Demand for safe drinking water and water security, and for 
recycling, renewable energy and resource efficiency will continue 
to grow as climate change impacts start to make themselves felt. 
Renewable energy and carbon reduction 
Both subsidiaries have detailed energy efficiency and carbon 
reduction plans in place. Viridor’s five-year plan aims to increase 
energy efficiency by more than 20% by 2016, equivalent to an 
overall reduction of 4% in total emissions per annum. South 
West Water’s energy and carbon management strategies to 
2030 include plans for a structured energy efficiency programme 
and ambitions to further develop and exploit opportunities 

34  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Green energy 
generated  
Gigawatt hours 
(GWh)

On-site 
electricity use in 
Pennon Group 
Gigawatt hours 
(GWh)

Carbon 
Disclosure 
Project score  
%

9
7
3
1

.

.

0
0
2
5
7

2
7
4
1

.

.

0
0
0
6
7

0
8
4
1

.

.

0
2
7
3
6

4
0
7
1

.

.

7
0
9
9
4

7
0
8
1

.

.

2
0
5
0
5

6
7

2
7

5
6

0
5
6
2

.

.

*
3
9
5
5
2

7
0
8
4

.

.

*
5
6
2
5
2

5
7
2
6

.

.

1
4
8
4
2

4
9
0
1

.

.

*
5
5
5
5
2

0
0
9
1

.

.

*
6
8
7
5
2

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

8
0
/
7
0
0
2

9
0
/
8
0
0
2

0
1
/
9
0
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

South West Water

South West Water

Viridor

Viridor

*  Reassessed to include all imported electricity used and self-supplied renewable energy used on 

South West Water sites.

for renewable energy schemes. The company’s 2015 carbon 
reduction target is to cut operational emissions from energy use 
by 18% compared with 2009/10 levels, with further reductions 
targeted in the longer term in line with national strategy.
Pennon participates in the UK Government’s Carbon Reduction 
Commitment and has an ambitious strategy and programmes 
in place to continuously improve energy efficiency across the 
business. In the first year of audited performance, we were ranked 
230th out of 2,013 participating companies. 
Pennon also voluntarily participates in the internationally 
recognised Carbon Disclosure Project, coming 53rd out of the 
236 FTSE 350 companies that responded, with an improving 
percentage score. 
Pennon is a net producer of renewable energy, largely due to 
Viridor’s power generation from its landfill gas and energy from 
waste (EfW) operations. In 2011 around 30% of renewable energy 
generated in the UK was derived from landfill gas and municipal 
solid waste combustion. Viridor’s landfill gas power generation 
is now approaching peak capacity and will be replaced by 
increasing contributions from EfW and anaerobic digestion (AD) 
facilities. South West Water is also increasing its renewable power 
generation capacity using hydro-electric, combined heat and 
power (CHP) from biogas, and solar and wind installations. This 
overall generation capacity will continue to offset the Group’s 
energy use.
Viridor invested £93 million in renewable energy and recycling 
plants during 2011/12. It now has a generating capacity of 
136MW. It plans to have 300MW of installed capacity by 2016. 
The Runcorn EfW plant currently under construction will be the 
largest waste-generated CHP plant in the UK, with high energy 
efficiency levels.
As Viridor continues to expand its recycling capacity, so a growing 
proportion of its operations rely on energy-intensive processing 
equipment – though recycling generally provides net carbon and 
energy benefits. 

South West Water’s core operations also require considerable 
amounts of energy to treat both drinking and waste water to 
high standards and to pump it around the region. The cost of 
South West Water’s energy use is around £20 million a year, and 
around 80% of the company’s carbon emissions are associated 
with energy use, underlining the importance of energy efficiency 
in the business. The company’s ongoing pump efficiency and 
‘PowerDown’ programmes are helping to reduce energy use. 
During the year Viridor achieved its target of three accreditations to 
the Carbon Saver Gold Standard, most notably one for the whole 
of its Scottish operating region. This reflected the achievement of 
a 10% absolute reduction in energy-related carbon emissions in 
Scotland over the last three calendar years. 
South West Water continues its accreditation to the Certified 
Emissions Measurement and Reduction Scheme (CEMARS).
Resource security
In spite of two years of significantly reduced rainfall, resulting in 
the Environment Agency declaration of an environmental drought 
in April 2012, South West Water has ensured security of supply 
by investing in its ability to transfer water and converting two 
former china clay pits into reservoirs. This, together with our 
industry-leading leakage control, has led to the 15th year without 
water restrictions.
South West Water liaises extensively with Defra, other regulators 
and landowners to promote catchment management as a tool to 
improve raw water quality. The company’s flagship environmental 
project ‘Upstream Thinking’ includes moorland restoration 
projects on Exmoor and Dartmoor, and catchment sensitive 
farming programmes to improve land management, delivered 
in partnership with the Westcountry Rivers Trust and the Devon 
and Cornwall Wildlife Trusts. Defra endorsed the company’s 
approach in its Water White Paper published in December 2011, 
and ‘Upstream Thinking’ won the ‘Partnership Initiative of the 
Year’ category at the Water Industry Achievement Awards in 
March 2012.
Viridor’s range of services has changed to ensure they are aligned 
to the waste hierarchy that is enshrined in European and UK waste 
policy legislation. This reflects the overall environmental benefits 
in the priority options for managing waste. It gives top priority 
to waste prevention, followed by re-use and recycling. Disposal 
by landfill is the least favoured option. Viridor now transforms 
waste into valuable, high quality commodities wherever possible, 
using a range of treatment technologies, including advanced 
materials recycling facilities, mechanical-biological treatment, 
composting and household waste recycling sites, often combining 

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Peat bog restoration under way on Exmoor as part of South West 
Water’s award-winning ‘Upstream Thinking’ initiative.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  35  

 
Directors’ report – Business review Sustainability report
continued

The Waste Hierarchy

Waste Prevention  
& Reuse

Recycling/ 
Composting

Energy  
Recovery

Treatment &  
Disposal

Top: Billingshurst household waste recycling centre, West Sussex.
Bottom: Customer service at a Viridor household waste 
recycling centre.

36  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

the provision of these facilities in integrated waste management 
contracts. It subsequently looks to recover energy from non-
recyclable and residual wastes using energy from waste and 
anaerobic digestion technologies to offset fossil-fuel based  
energy generation.
During the year Viridor continued to increase its recycling capacity 
through both acquisition and organic growth, recycling 2.3 million 
tonnes of material (2.1 million tonnes in 2010/11), with 1.8 million 
being traded recyclates (1.7 million tonnes in 2010/11).     
Key social issues
Commitment to communities
Pennon Group recognises that it is part of, and has a 
responsibility towards, the communities in which it operates and 
it strengthened its community relations and investment policy 
during the year. It aims to ensure that business activities have 
overall positive community benefits. The Group recognises the 
importance of developing open and transparent engagement 
with communities and other organisations and its employees 
take part in a range of volunteer projects. Sponsorships and 
partnerships with community organisations also help deliver on 
our commitment in this important area, such as the ‘Keep Britain 
Tidy’ ‘BeachCare’ initiative. 
Bathing water quality is vitally important to local communities and 
visitors across the region. Since privatisation in 1989, South West 
Water has invested £2 billion in 140 new waste water treatment 
works via our ‘Clean Sweep’ programme. As a result 98.6% of 
our 144 EU-designated bathing waters now meet or exceed the 
EU’s ‘Good’ standard compared with 96.5% in 2010 and 95.1% 
are deemed ‘Excellent’ compared with 90.3% in 2010. 
In 2011 South West Water launched its ‘BeachLive’ website. 
This award-winning initiative was developed in partnership with 
Surfers Against Sewage and others, and enables beach users 
to check real-time bathing water information at 21 Blue Flag or 
popular beaches in Devon and Cornwall every day. The number 
of beaches covered is being extended in 2012/13.
The investment required to deliver the bathing water 
improvements has resulted in higher bills than in other regions. 
The company understands that some customers have problems 
paying, and has developed an industry-leading ‘Affordability 
Toolkit’ comprising a range of practical measures, including a 
free debt helpline, payment plans, and water meter and water 
conservation advice. Its ‘WaterCare+’ scheme has helped 
its 10,000th customer since it was established in 2007. The 
company has also established a ‘FreshStart’ fund of up to 
£1 million, administered by Plymouth Citizens Advice Bureaux 
(CAB), to help those in financial crisis due to circumstances such 
as bereavement. South West Water partners with charities and 
agencies such as local Citizens Advice Bureaux and Age UK 
to find and help those in the most need. Our work in this area 
was recognised in the CAB publication, ‘How to do the Right 
Thing’. The company is supporting the business community by 
sponsoring local ‘Battle the Bills’ sessions which help up to 1,000 
small and medium-sized businesses by offering advice on water 
and energy use.

Challenging economic conditions lead Viridor’s local authority  
and business customers to scrutinise costs and demand value  
for money in all aspects of service. Economic drivers such as  
the Landfill Tax, public and private sector procurement practices, 
as well as Viridor’s customer service partnerships and provision of 
waste audits, ensure that the company remains keenly competitive 
for the benefit of its customers.
In 2011/12 Viridor (via an independent distributive Environmental 
Body, Viridor Credits) provided £10.3 million of funding for 
community, amenity and environmental projects in areas close 
to its landfill facilities through the Landfill Communities Fund. 
The company also provides direct sponsorship and community 
support in its operational areas. 
Viridor has active community liaison groups at all of its major 
operational facilities, ensuring effective dialogue with local 
community representatives. It also consults extensively with local 
communities and stakeholders when looking to develop new 
facilities, in order to keep people informed and to enable their 
full involvement in the planning process. During the year Viridor 
opened another two education centres in Greater Manchester, 
helping to promote understanding and best practice in waste 
prevention, recycling, recovery and resource management. The 
company now operates or supports 10 such centres across the 
UK and welcomed more than 13,000 visitors during the year. 
Viridor and South West Water are responsible for the management 
and stewardship of substantial landholdings, particularly at 
reservoirs and landfill sites, including 26 closed landfill sites and 17 
Sites of Special Scientific Interest. These areas can have significant 
benefits and the companies work in partnership with the Wildlife 
Trusts, local communities and employees to enhance biodiversity. 
Five Viridor sites have now attained the Wildlife Trust’s Biodiversity 
Benchmark standard, with one awaiting accreditation. Three sites 
of low biodiversity have been identified for five-year improvement 
plans and a biodiversity strategy covering all sites will be 
developed during 2012/13. South West Water’s reservoir sites 
are managed by the South West Lakes Trust, the region’s largest 
combined environmental and recreational charity, which delivers 
a wide range of facilities, such as visitor centres and watersports 
facilities. These amenities attract around two million visits every 
year. Four flagship sites have received the gold standard in the 
Green Tourism Business Scheme’s prestigious awards.
Engaging with other stakeholders 
Pennon and its subsidiaries aim to be open and collaborative, 
fostering positive relationships with stakeholders and delivering 
long-term benefits and added-value. South West Water’s Chief 
Executive has just completed four years as Chair of Water UK.  
He is now Chair of the Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Local Enterprise 
Partnership, and the Vice President of the Institute of Water. 
Viridor’s Chief Executive is currently Chair of the Government’s 
Living with Environmental Change Business Advisory Board and 
of the Environmental Sustainability Knowledge Transfer Network. 
Both companies inform Government policy in respect of pertinent 
industry issues. For Viridor in 2011/12 this included liaison and 
responses to consultations on the Waste Policy Review for 
England and Wales, Scotland’s Zero Waste Plan and regulation, 
and the London Waste Strategies. Viridor’s ‘OpenSpace’ 
innovative data-sharing portal has been developed with the 
Environment Agency in England, meeting their ‘better regulation’ 
agenda. This ground-breaking project to supply environmental 
monitoring data live to the regulator has substantial cost and 
resource saving potential going forward.
The 2009 Walker Review highlighted the huge environmental 
costs water customers in the South West of England, making up 
just 3% of the UK population, have been paying for the clean-up 
and protection of 30% of the nation’s bathing waters since 1989. 

St Helens waste electricals recycling facility.

For four years, South West Water has worked closely alongside 
MPs of all parties and consumer groups to press the South West’s 
case at the highest levels. In November 2011 the Chancellor of the 
Exchequer confirmed that the Government will be reducing the 
annual bills of household customers in the company’s service area 
by £50 each, until at least 2020.
During the year South West Water embarked on a comprehensive 
research and engagement programme with customers, 
community and environmental representatives as part of its 
preparation for the 2015-2020 business plan and price setting. 
The WaterFuture Customer Panel has been established to assist 
with this process.
Commitment to employees 
Employees are at the heart of the work we undertake at Pennon 
Group. Aiming for best practice in recruitment, training and 
development, talent management, health and well-being, retention 
and succession planning is therefore of crucial importance for the 
health and sustainability of the business. Both companies aim 
to be good employers and recognise that employees make the 
difference which helps us to achieve our corporate goals. 
Both subsidiaries have a range of family friendly policies, equal 
opportunity policies and policies to ensure a healthy work-life 
balance. The companies undertake regular employee surveys 
to obtain feedback on employee satisfaction and to identify key 
issues for improvement. Viridor conducted a survey in 2011/12 
focusing in particular on its health and safety culture. This showed 
good levels of employee satisfaction and identified important areas 
for improvement including internal communications, procedures 
and training. Employee representation is facilitated through trade 
union membership and, for South West Water, by an elected  
Staff Council.
A safe and healthy workforce will always be a priority for the 
Pennon Group. Group companies’ health and safety policies and 
procedures are delivered through programmes which integrate 
with other areas of the business including operations, compliance, 
human resources and quality. For example South West Water 
introduced its Think, Act, Prevent (TAP) campaign in 2011, which 
delivered behavioural safety training to its employees. ‘RIDDOR’ 
incident rates in both companies reduced during the year, 
although neither company is complacent and zero accidents  
is our goal. 
Pennon encourages talented people to join the Group, and to stay, 
by matching the right people to the right roles and by ensuring 
professional development opportunities throughout their careers 
within the Group. We have a range of training programmes aimed 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  37  

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Directors’ report – Business review Sustainability report
continued

Governance 
The Pennon Sustainability Committee (previously Corporate 
Responsibility Committee) is chaired by a Non-executive Director 
and comprises the Chief Executives of South West Water and 
Viridor plus two further Non-executive Directors. It is served 
and attended by senior management from both subsidiaries. 
The Committee oversees the Pennon Group’s requirement to 
conduct its business in a responsible manner. Consequently 
the Committee reviews the strategies, policies, management, 
initiatives, objectives, targets and performance of the Pennon 
Group of companies in respect of environmental, social and 
governance aspects. During 2011/12 the Committee developed 
a new community relations and investment policy, scrutinised 
both companies’ approach to carbon management, examined 
sustainability in supply chains, and maintained its focus on 
improving health and safety. 
Both subsidiaries develop annual sustainability targets as part of 
business planning and budgeting, putting sustainability at the core 
of the business. Performance against these targets is reviewed 
quarterly at executive management meetings, and by the Pennon 
Group Sustainability Committee.
Delivery of sustainability targets forms part of the remuneration 
package of Pennon’s senior executives and employees throughout 
the Group. 
Verification
Pennon’s sustainability performance for 2011/12 has been 
audited by Acona Partners LLP, an independent management 
consultancy that specialises in the areas of sustainability and 
corporate responsibility.

South West Water and Viridor Sustainability reports
The full 2012 Sustainability Reports for South West Water 
and Viridor will be published in July and August respectively 
and will be available to view at pennon-group.co.uk and also 
on the subsidiaries’ websites.

at different levels across the organisation. For example South 
West Water’s ‘Managing for Success’ programme and Viridor’s 
‘Fundamentals of Management’ and subsequent ‘Management to 
Leadership’ programmes, try to equip our managers of the future 
with the necessary skills.
South West Water and Viridor appointed 22 apprentices and 
graduate trainees during 2011, and South West Water will be 
creating 20 more apprenticeships in 2012, at a time when youth 
unemployment is growing.
Key economic issues 
Commitment to regional economies
Pennon’s investment for long-term sustainable growth is delivering 
value for shareholders and stakeholders. The Group companies 
provide significant support for regional economies by working with 
hundreds of local suppliers to deliver essential infrastructure and to 
deliver and improve services for customers. 
As one of the largest employers in the region, South West Water 
employs 1,400 people, both directly and through its contact 
centre subsidiary, Source Contact Management Limited. South 
West Water supports regional employment through a variety of 
external contracts with a particular focus on small businesses, 
as well as large service providers. Through its £2 billion Clean 
Sweep investment, undertaken since privatisation, the company 
has added significant value to the region’s tourism industry by 
enhancing the natural environment. 
South West Water’s PUROS programme enables remote 
management of assets and centralised planning. PUROS has 
helped the company to deliver operational efficiencies and 
outperform Ofwat’s Final Determination, the price limits and 
expenditure plans determined by Ofwat for South West Water  
for a five-year period.
Viridor’s operations and continued growth also provide significant 
regional economic and community benefits throughout the UK. 
The company directly employs over 3,000 people and provides 
significant supplier opportunities. Viridor’s investment programme 
– to gradually replace landfill services with increased recycling and 
renewable energy generation – creates greater value in terms of 
jobs and skills. For example, the Runcorn EfW facility will directly 
employ and provide training for up to 70 highly skilled people in the 
North West (compared with around 15 people required to landfill 
the equivalent waste volume). The construction of the project has 
employed a daily average of 325 people on site, rising to 700 at its 
peak, and many more through the supply chain.
Achievements
In addition to the 2012 PLC Sustainability Award, and to the 
achievements listed under each subsidiary company’s business 
review, Pennon is listed in the FTSE4Good index. In March 2012 
the Group scored 3.8 out of 5 in the FTSE4Good Environmental, 
Social and Governance ratings assessment. It was also the top 
ranked utility in four categories of the 2011 ‘Britain’s Most Admired 
Company’ awards. 
In January 2012 Pennon was listed as one of the 100 most 
sustainable companies in the world by Corporate Knights the 
company for clean capitalism. 

38  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Trigon landfill restoration, Dorset.

Reed bed at West Penwith.

Sustainability KPIs 

South West Water

Renewable 
energy 
generation
GWh

Greenhouse gas 
emissions data
tCO2e

Recycling 
volumes
tonnes of  
dry solids

Community 
support, 
sponsorship 
and donations
£

RIDDOR 
incidence rate
per 100,000 
employees
calendar year

Capital 
investment
£m

8
.
3
1

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

7
.
4
1

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

Viridor

Renewable 
energy 
generation
GWh

2
5
7

0
6
7

9
5
6

,

7
2
1
2

,

9
8
8
5
3
7

,

,

1

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

2
1
6
,
4
5

0
0
4
,
2
5

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

*
3
6
9
,
7
6
1

3
8
5
,
4
6
1

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

*  Reassessed to include 
all imported electricity 
used and self-supplied 
renewable energy used on 
South West Water sites.

1
7
6
,
9
7

6
5
8
,
9
7

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

8
0
0
,
2

8
2
6
,
1

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

Actual 
number 
20

8
.
0
3
1

1
.
5
2
1

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

Greenhouse gas 
emissions data
tCO2e

Recycling 
volumes
million tonnes

Community 
support, 
sponsorship 
and donations
£m

RIDDOR 
incidence rate
per 100,000 
employees
calendar year

Capital 
investment
£m

2
4
8
1

.

8
1
7
1

.

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

.

4
0
1

1

.

0
1

5
6
1
2

,

7
3
2
,
1

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

Actual 
number 
39

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

6

.

6
2
1

2
1
/
1
1
0
2

.

7
3
7

1
1
/
0
1
0
2

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  39  

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Directors’ report Other statutory information

Principal activities  
and business review

The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries 
(‘the Group’) are the provision of water and sewerage services, 
recycling, waste management and renewable energy. Information 
regarding the Group, including events and its progress during the 
year, events since the year-end and likely future developments is 
contained in the Business review set out on pages 2 to 39 of this 
Directors’ report.
In addition the Business review contains a fair and balanced review 
of the business of the Group, including its position and prospects, 
Key Performance Indicators and a description of the principal 
risks and uncertainties facing the Group in accordance with the 
requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code and Section 
417 of the Companies Act 2006. In addition in accordance with 
the ABI Corporate Social Responsibility Guidelines, statements are 
included on any significant environmental, social and governance 
(ESG) risks and the actions taken in mitigating these risks within 
the Business review on pages 28 and 29. Further information on 
ESG aspects of the Group’s business are included in the Group 
Sustainability report on pages 34 to 39. The principal subsidiaries 
of the Company are listed in note 38 to the financial statements on 
page 108.
Corporate governance and Directors’ responsibilities 
statements
The Directors’ responsibilities statements, a report on the review 
of, and a statement on, the Group’s system of internal controls 
and the disclosures required by Part 6 of Schedule 7 of the Large 
and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts & Reports) 
Regulations 2008 and FSA Disclosure and Transparency Rule 
7.2 are set out in the Company’s Corporate governance and 
internal control report on pages 42, 43 and 46 to 51 of this Annual 
Report which are hereby included within this Directors’ report 
by reference. 
Financial results and dividend
Group profit on ordinary activities after taxation was £172.4 million. 
The Directors recommend a final dividend of 18.3p per Ordinary 
share to be paid on 5 October 2012 to shareholders on the 
register on 10 August 2012, making a total dividend for the year 
of 26.25p, the cost of which will be £95.9 million, leaving a credit 
to reserves of £76.5 million. The Business review on pages 24 to 
27 analyses the Group’s financial results in more detail and sets 
out other financial information, including the Directors’ opinion on 
asset values on page 25.
Directors
In accordance with the provisions of the UK Corporate 
Governance Code (the Code) all Directors are offering themselves 
up for re-election at this year’s Annual General Meeting. The 
Board continues to believe that each Director makes an 
effective and valuable contribution to the Board, demonstrating 
continued commitment to his or her role. The Non-executive 
Directors, Gerard Connell and Martin Angle, are considered to be 
independent in accordance with the provisions of the Code. Dinah 
Nichols, subject to her re-election at this year’s Annual General 
Meeting, will have served as a Non-executive Director for more 
than nine years. The Board has determined that Dinah remains 
independent as she demonstrates independence of character and 
judgement in her conduct of matters with the Board. The Non-

executive Directors do not have service contracts. The Chairman, 
Ken Harvey, also does not have a service contract but he does 
have a contract for services which is terminable upon 12 months’ 
notice. The Executive Directors, David Dupont and Chris Loughlin, 
have service contracts which are due to expire when they reach 
age 60 (the unexpired term for David Dupont and Chris Loughlin 
is until 10 June 2014 and 20 August 2012 respectively). In respect 
of Colin Drummond, who has reached age 60, his contract now 
continues subject to 12 months’ notice. The other Executive 
Directors’ contracts are also expected to continue after they reach 
age 60. Formal resolutions for the above Directors’ re-election 
will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting. The Directors’ 
biographies are set out on pages 44 and 45.
No Director has, or has had, a material interest, directly or 
indirectly, at any time during the year under review in any contract 
significant to the Company’s business. A list of all the Directors 
during the year is set out in the emoluments table on page 
57. Further details relating to the Directors and their service 
agreements or contracts for services are set out on pages 55  
and 57 and details of the Directors’ interests in shares of the 
Company are given on pages 58 to 60.
Directors’ insurance and indemnities
The Directors have the benefit of the indemnity provisions 
contained in the Company’s Articles and the Company has 
maintained throughout the year Directors’ and Officers’ liability 
insurance for the benefit of the Company, the Directors and its 
Officers. The Company has entered into qualifying third party 
indemnity arrangements for the benefit of all its Directors in a form 
and scope which comply with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006 and which were in force throughout the year and remain 
in force.
Statement as to disclosure of information to auditors
a) So far as each of the Directors in office at the date of the signing 
of the report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of 
which the Company’s auditors are unaware; and

b) Each of the Directors has taken all the steps each Director 

ought to have taken individually as a director in order to make 
themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to 
establish that the Company’s auditors are aware of that 
information.

Financial instruments
Details of the financial risk management objectives and policies of 
the Group and the exposure of the Group to price, credit, liquidity 
and cash flow risks are set out in the Business review on pages 26 
and 27.
Employment policies and employee involvement
The Group has a culture of continuous improvement through 
investment in people at all levels within the Group. The Group is 
committed to pursuing equality and diversity in all its employment 
activities including recruitment, training, career development and 
promotion and ensuring there is no bias or discrimination in the 
treatment of people. In particular, applications for employment 
are welcomed from persons with disabilities and special 
arrangements and adjustments as necessary are made to ensure 
that applicants are treated fairly when attending for interview or for 

40  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

2012 Annual General Meeting business
In addition to routine business, resolutions will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting to:
•	 renew the existing authorities to issue a limited number of shares and to purchase up to 10% of the issued share capital 

of the Company

•	 seek authority to make political donations under the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, as 

amended. (It is not the Group’s policy to make political donations. This is a precautionary measure which is followed  
by many companies to ensure that there is no inadvertent breach of the law)

•	 re-elect Mr K G Harvey, Mr M D Angle, Mr G D Connell, Mr C I J H Drummond, Mr D J Dupont, Mr C Loughlin and  

Ms D A Nichols as Directors of the Company

•	 seek authority to continue to call general meetings other than an annual general meeting on not less than 14 clear days’ 
notice (Pursuant to the EU Shareholder Rights Directive shareholder authority is required to continue to call meetings 
on at least 14 clear days’ notice. Such authority would only be exercised by the Directors in exceptional circumstances 
and if they considered that it was in the best interests of shareholders and the Company as a whole to do so). 

pre-employment aptitude tests. Wherever possible the opportunity 
is taken to retrain people who become disabled during their 
employment in order to maintain their employment within the 
Group. The Group also has a Boardroom Diversity Policy and 
encourages gender diversity in particular. Further details are set 
out in the report of the Nomination Committee on page 49.
Employees are consulted regularly about changes which 
may affect them either through their trade union appointed 
representatives or by means of the elected Staff Council which 
operates in South West Water for staff employees. 
These forums, together with regular meetings with particular 
groups of employees, are used to ensure that employees are  
kept up to date with the operating and financial performance  
of their employer.
The Group also uses a monthly information cascade process 
to provide employees with important and up to date information 
about key events and to receive feedback from employees.
Further information about employment matters relating to 
the Group are set out on pages 17, 23, 37 and 38 of the 
Business review.
The Group encourages share ownership amongst its employees 
by operating an HM Revenue & Customs approved Sharesave 
Scheme and Share Incentive Plan. At 31 March 2012 around one-
third of the Group’s employees participated in these plans.
Research and development
Research and development activities within the Group involving 
water and waste treatment processes amounted to £0.2 million 
during the year (2010/11 £0.2 million).
Pennon Group donations
During the year donations amounting to £73,992 (2010/11 
£78,678) were made. Further details are included on page 37 of 
the Group Sustainability report. No political donations were made 
(2010/11 nil).
Tax status
The Company is not a close company within the meaning of the 
Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988.
Payments to suppliers
It is the Group’s payment policy for the year ending 31 March 
2013 to follow the Code of The Better Payment Practice Group 
on supplier payments. Information about the Code can be 
obtained from the website payontime.co.uk The Company will 
agree payment terms with individual suppliers in advance and 
abide by such terms. The ratio, expressed in days, between the 
amount invoiced to the Company by its suppliers during 2011/12 

and the amount owed to its trade creditors at 31 March 2012, was 
16 days.
Purchase of own Ordinary shares
The Company has authority from shareholders to purchase up 
to 10% of its own Ordinary shares (as renewed at the Annual 
General Meeting in 2011) which was valid as at 31 March 2012 and 
remains currently valid. Of the 4,309,567 shares held in Treasury at 
31 March 2011, 676,862 were subsequently re-issued under the 
Company’s employee share schemes for proceeds of £1.9 million.
Major shareholdings
Details of major shareholdings notified to the Company in 
accordance with the FSA Disclosure and Transparency Rules 5 
are set out on page 113 ‘Shareholder Information’.
Independent auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP were appointed auditors until 
the conclusion of the twenty-third Annual General Meeting. A 
resolution for their re-appointment upon the recommendation of 
the Audit Committee of the Board will be proposed at the Annual 
General Meeting.
Appointed business
South West Water Limited is required to publish additional 
financial information relating to the ‘appointed business’ as water 
and sewerage undertaker in accordance with the Instrument of 
Appointment from the Secretary of State for the Environment.  
A copy of this information is available on the website 
southwestwater.co.uk or upon application to the Group Company 
Secretary at Peninsula House, Rydon Lane, Exeter EX2 7HR. 
Annual General Meeting
The twenty-third Annual General Meeting of the Company will 
be held at the Sandy Park Conference Centre, Sandy Park Way, 
Exeter, Devon EX2 7NN on 26 July 2012 at 11.00am. Details  
of the resolutions are summarised above and set out in the 
separate Notice of Annual General Meeting which is circulated  
to shareholders with this Annual Report or provided by electronic 
communication via the Company’s website pennon-group.co.uk 
Information required by Section 311A of the Companies Act 2006 
is also on the Company’s website.
By Order of the Board
Ken Woodier
Group General Counsel & Company Secretary
18 June 2012

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  41  

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Governance 

Chairman’s introduction  
to governance

The Board is committed to the highest standards 
of corporate governance in the best interests of its 
shareholders and other stakeholders. 

Dear shareholder
I am pleased to introduce the Corporate Governance Report for 
2012 on behalf of the Board.
The Annual Report remains the principal means of reporting to  
our shareholders on the Board’s governance policies. This 
Report sets out how the main and supporting principles of good 
corporate governance set out in the UK Corporate Governance 
Code (June 2010) have been applied in practice. The Code is 
publicly available on the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) website 
frcpublications.com 
Role of the Board and its effectiveness
My primary role as Chairman is to provide leadership to the Board 
and to provide the right environment to enable the Directors 
and the Board as a whole to perform effectively to promote the 
success of the Company for the benefit of its shareholders.  
In doing so we take account of the interests of our customers, 
employees, suppliers, communities in which we operate and  
other interested stakeholders.
I firmly believe that we have good governance in place and that we 
operate effectively as a Board. However there is always room for 
improvement and each year we carry out a detailed performance 
evaluation of the Board and each of the Committees as well as 
of the Directors and the Group General Counsel & Company 
Secretary. Further details of the review, which was facilitated by 
an external governance consultancy for the first time, are set out 
later in this report. I remain mindful of the need to ensure that 
the Non-executive Directors continue to have appropriate up to 
date knowledge and understanding of both South West Water 
and Viridor as they develop and pursue new initiatives. Last year 
the Board had a number of visits to key sites within both South 
West Water and Viridor and met and discussed the then current 
issues with managers and employees across the Group. This 
year the Board has concentrated on receiving presentations from 
senior management on material developments in the businesses 
including our energy from waste plant projects; landfill gas 
management; energy production from landfill; and regulatory and 
legislative changes proposed by Ofwat and Government.

Ken Harvey
Chairman, 
Pennon Group Plc 

42  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Remuneration
The Board and the Remuneration Committee remain mindful of 
shareholder and the Government’s concerns regarding some 
companies’ remuneration practices.
We have always pursued a remuneration policy of setting pay 
at a level which is just sufficient to attract and retain high calibre 
management and providing incentives which are fully aligned 
with creating shareholder value. We have reviewed our pay and 
benefits practice again this year and are satisfied no changes are 
necessary to maintain this policy.
Shareholder engagement
The Directors and I recognise the importance and value of 
regular communications with our shareholders. This ensures that 
we understand their needs and wishes and hopefully that we 
provide them with confidence that we have the right governance 
structures, processes and systems in place to assist us in 
achieving our stated objectives.
A regular dialogue with the Company’s institutional shareholders 
is maintained through a comprehensive investor relations 
programme. During the year some 60 meetings with institutional 
shareholders (including with prospective shareholders) were 
held and attended by the Group Director of Finance and the 
Company’s Investor Relations Manager. The Chief Executive 
of South West Water, the Chief Executive of Viridor and I also 
participated when appropriate. The Group Director of Finance 
reports to the Board regularly on major shareholders’ views about 
the Group and every six months the Company’s Brokers give a 
presentation to the Board on equity market developments and 
shareholder perceptions. 
I also actively encourage the participation of shareholders at our 
Annual General Meeting and as usual at our 2012 Annual General 
Meeting on 26 July all our Directors aim to be present together 
with a number of directors and executives of South West Water 
and Viridor to meet with shareholders to discuss the business of 
the Group. 
Compliance with UK Corporate Governance Code  
and other requirements
I am pleased to report that throughout the year the Company 
complied with the provisions and applied the main principles set 
out in the UK Corporate Governance Code with no exceptions 
to report.
My introduction to this Corporate Governance Report and the 
following sections are made in compliance with the UK Corporate 
Governance Code, FSA Listing Rule 9.8.6 and FSA Disclosure and 
Transparency Rules 7.1 and 7.2 and cover the work of our Board 
and its Committees; our internal control systems and procedures 
including risk management; our corporate governance statements 
relating to share capital and control; and our Going concern and 
Directors’ responsibilities statements.
Ken Harvey
Chairman
18 June 2012

Guide to the contents  
of the Governance report

 p47

 p47

 p49

 p49

 p46

 p50

 p46
 p46

Directors’ biographies 
 p44
Board Directors’ independence and responsibilities 
How the Board operates 
Performance evaluation 
Dealing with conflicts of interest 
Audit Committee 
Sustainability Committee 
Nomination Committee 
Internal control and risk identification 
Going concern statement 
Directors’ responsibilities statement 
Corporate governance statements 
Remuneration Committee 
Elements of remuneration 
Remuneration policy for Executive Directors including  
incentive plans, pensions and service contracts 
 p53
Total shareholder return graph 
Remuneration policy, including fee levels and contracts for 
services, for the Chairman and Non-executive Directors 
Emoluments of Directors’ table 
Executive Directors’ pensions table 
Directors’ share interests 

 p51
 p51

 p52
 p52

 p56

 p57

 p57

 p51

 p58

 p56

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  43  

 
Governance

Board of Directors

Chairman

Executive Directors

Kenneth George Harvey CBE, BSc 
Chairman
Committees 
Nomination (Chairman) 

Appointed on 1 March 1997. Ken was formerly chairman and chief 
executive of Norweb Plc. He was chairman of National Grid Holdings 
in 1995 and was previously deputy chairman of London Electricity and 
earlier its engineering director. He has also been chairman of a number 
of limited and private equity funded companies. Currently he is the senior 
independent non-executive director of National Grid Plc.

Colin Irwin John Hamilton Drummond OBE, MA, MBA, LTCL, CCMI
Chief Executive, Viridor
Committees 
Sustainability, Executive

Appointed on 1 April 1992. Prior to joining the Company Colin was 
a divisional chief executive of Coats Viyella, having previously been 
corporate development director of Renold plc, a strategy consultant with 
the Boston Consulting Group and an official of the Bank of England. 
He is chairman of the Government’s Living with Environmental Change 
Business Advisory Board and of the Environmental Sustainability 
Knowledge Transfer Network. He is a senior visiting research fellow in 
Earth Sciences at Oxford University and a Past Master of the Worshipful 
Company of Water Conservators.

Non-executive Directors

Martin David Angle BSc Hons, FCA, MCSI
Non-executive Director
Committees 
Audit, Sustainability, Nomination, Remuneration (Chairman)

Gerard Dominic Connell MA
Senior Independent Non-executive Director
Committees 
Audit (Chairman), Sustainability, Nomination, Remuneration

Appointed on 1 December 2008. Martin currently holds non-executive 
directorships with Savills plc, OAO Severstal, Shuaa Capital PSC and 
The National Exhibition Centre where he is Chairman. In addition he 
sits on the Board of the FIA Foundation where he is a vice-chairman. 
Formerly he held senior positions with Terra Firma Capital Partners and 
various of its portfolio companies, including the executive chairmanship 
of Waste Recycling Group Limited. Before that he was the group finance 
director of TI Group plc and held a number of senior investment banking 
positions with SG Warburg & Co Ltd, Morgan Stanley and Dresdner 
Kleinwort Benson.

Appointed on 1 October 2003. Gerard currently is also a non-executive 
director and chairman of the audit committee of the Defence Science 
and Technology Laboratory and the independent director, finance and 
investment, of the Nuclear Decommissioning Fund Company Limited. 
He was previously group finance director of Wincanton Plc. Before that 
he was a director of Hill Samuel and a managing director of Bankers 
Trust, having trained originally at Price Waterhouse. In addition he has 
held other corporate finance and business development positions 
in the City and in industry. He is also a governor of King’s College 
School, Wimbledon.

44  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Executive Directors

Non-executive Directors

David Jeremy Dupont MA, MBA
Group Director of Finance
Committees 
Executive 

Appointed on 2 March 2002. David was formerly regulatory and finance 
director of South West Water Limited, having joined Pennon Group Plc 
(then South West Water Plc) in 1992 as strategic planning manager. 
Previously he held business planning and development roles with 
Gateway Corporation. He is a member of the CBI Environmental Affairs 
Committee and the CBI South West Regional Council.

Christopher Loughlin BSc Hons, MICE, CEng, MBA
Chief Executive, South West Water
Committees 
Sustainability, Executive

Appointed on 1 August 2006. Chris was previously chief operating 
officer with Lloyd’s Register and earlier in his career was an executive 
director of British Nuclear Fuels Plc and executive chairman of Magnox 
Electric Plc. He was also a senior diplomat in the British Embassy, Tokyo, 
working in both the consulting and contracting sectors. Chris started 
his career as a chartered engineer and subsequently held a number 
of senior positions with British Nuclear Fuels. Between April 2008 
and March 2012 he was chairman of Water UK and currently is vice-
chairman of the Cornwall Local Enterprise Partnership and a member  
of the audit committee of the charity, WaterAid.

Company Secretary

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Dinah Alison Nichols CB, BA Hons
Non-executive Director
Committees 
Audit, Sustainability (Chairman), Nomination, Remuneration 

Kenneth David Woodier, Solicitor, CMA, DMS, CPE (Law)
Group General Counsel & Company Secretary
Committees 
Executive 

Appointed on 12 June 2003. Dinah was formerly Director General 
Environment at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 
and previously held various senior appointments within Government, 
including being head of the water directorate during the period of water 
privatisation. She is also a Crown Estate Counsellor, a non-executive 
director of the Land Trust and Keep Britain Tidy and, until recently,  
a director of Aberdeen Smaller Companies High Investment Trust.

Appointed company secretary to the Board in March 1998. Ken was 
formerly the head of group legal services at Pennon Group Plc (then 
South West Water Plc) from February 1990. Previously he held senior 
legal positions with H.P. Bulmer (Holdings) Plc, Investors in Industry Plc 
(3i) and Severn Trent Water. He is a director of the Devon & Somerset 
Law Society and a member of its governance committee.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  45  

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Governance 

Corporate governance  
and internal control

The Board and its Committees
The Board
The Directors, independence and responsibilities
The Board of Directors at the end of the year comprised the 
Chairman, three Executive Directors and three Non-executive 
Directors. The Non-executive Directors were considered by 
the Board to be independent throughout the year. None of the 
relationships or circumstances set out in provision B.1.1 of the 
UK Corporate Governance Code (the Code) applied to them. 
Following this year’s Annual General Meeting and subject to 
re-election, Dinah Nichols will have served on the Board for more 
than nine years since her first election. However Dinah has been 
determined by the Board to be independent. The Board is satisfied 
that she does and will continue to demonstrate independence of 
character and judgement in the performance of her role on the 
Board. All of the Non-executive Directors are considered to have 
the appropriate skills, experience in their respective disciplines 
and personality to bring independent and objective judgement to 
the Board’s deliberations. Their biographies on pages 44 and 45 
demonstrate a broad range of business and financial experience. 
Gerard Connell is the Senior Independent Non-executive 
Director. His duties include leading the annual evaluation of the 
performance of the Chairman by the Non-executive Directors and 
being available as an additional point of contact on the Board for 
shareholders. Gerard is also chairman of the Audit Committee 
and in accordance with the Code’s principles relating to audit 
committee membership he has recent and relevant financial 
experience (as set out in his biography on page 44). Martin Angle 
is also a member of the Audit Committee and he has relevant 
financial experience as set out in his biography on page 44. 
There is a clear division of responsibilities between the roles of 
Chairman and the Chief Executives of South West Water and 
Viridor as recorded in the descriptions of the roles approved by 
the Board. All Directors are now subject to re-election each year in 
accordance with provision B.7.1 of the Code.
The search for an additional non-executive director is well under 
way. The intention is to appoint a director who is considered to 
be independent and who will be a member of the Remuneration, 
Audit, Nomination and Sustainability committees.
The Directors on the Board and their attendance at the 11 
scheduled meetings of the Board during 2011/12 are shown below:
Board

Members
Kenneth Harvey  
(Chairman)

Non-executive Directors:
Martin Angle

Gerard Connell

Dinah Nichols 

Executive Directors:
Colin Drummond 

David Dupont

Appointment date

Attendance

March 1997

11/11

December 2008 

October 2003

June 2003

April 1992

March 2002

11/11

11/11

11/11

11/11

11/11

11/11

Christopher Loughlin

August 2006

All Directors are equally accountable for the proper stewardship 
of the Group’s affairs, with the Non-executive Directors having 
a particular responsibility for ensuring that strategies proposed 
for the development of the business are critically reviewed. The 
Non-executive Directors also critically examine the operational and 
financial performance of the Group and fulfil a key role in corporate 
accountability through their membership of the Committees of  
the Board. In addition the Chairman holds meetings with the  
Non-executive Directors, without the Executive Directors present, 
to discuss performance and strategic issues.
How the Board operates
In accordance with Group policies the Board has a schedule of 
matters reserved for its decision and delegates more detailed 
consideration of certain matters to Board Committees; to 
the subsidiary boards of South West Water and Viridor; to 
the Executive Directors; and to the Group General Counsel & 
Company Secretary, as appropriate. The matters reserved to the 
Board include the approval of financial statements; acquisitions 
and disposals; major items of capital expenditure; authority levels 
for other expenditure; risk management; and approval of the 
strategic plan and annual operating budgets.
The Board operates by receiving written reports circulated in 
advance of its meetings from the Executive Directors and the 
Group General Counsel & Company Secretary on matters within 
their respective business areas in the Group. Under the guidance 
of the Chairman, all matters before the Board are discussed 
openly and presentations and advice are received frequently from 
other senior executives within the Group or from external advisers.
Directors have access to the advice and services of the Group 
General Counsel & Company Secretary and the Board has 
established a procedure whereby Directors, in order to fulfil 
their duties, may seek independent professional advice at the 
Company’s expense. 
The training needs of Directors are reviewed as part of the 
performance evaluation process.
Performance evaluation
The Board has well developed internal procedures to evaluate 
the performance of the whole Board, each Committee, the 
Chairman, each individual Director and the Group General 
Counsel & Company Secretary. The evaluation procedure relating 
to the Board and its Committees was administered this year by 
an external governance consultancy, Lintstock. All participants’ 
views were sought via an online questionnaire on a range of 
questions which were specifically designed by the Chairman 
and the Group General Counsel and Company Secretary in 
conjunction with Lintstock to ensure objective evaluation of 
performance. Responses were then summarised and evaluated 
by Lintstock for the Board and each Committee to consider and 
determine whether any changes should be made to be more 
effective. A meeting between the Chairman, the Group General 
Counsel & Company Secretary and Lintstock was then held to 
discuss the high level findings of the evaluation and to consider 
them in the context of governance developments generally. While 
performance was again considered to be satisfactory, there were 
a number of suggestions made to refine the overall effectiveness 
of the Board which the Board agreed should be introduced over 

46  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

the following months when appropriate. For example it was agreed 
that performance could be improved further through a number of 
minor changes to Board reports and discussions at the beginning 
of each meeting on topical issues.
The Chairman’s performance was evaluated separately by the 
Non-executive Directors, led by the Senior Independent Non-
executive Director. The Chairman’s other significant commitments 
outside the Group have not changed during the year and the 
Board is satisfied that such commitments do not prejudice the 
Chairman’s performance in relation to his Group role.

Gerard Connell, Audit Committee Chairman

Appointment date

Attendance

The Audit Committee

Members
Gerard Connell  
(Chairman)
Martin Angle 

Dinah Nichols

June 2003

October 2003
December 2008

6/6
6/6

6/6

Our activities during the year 
A continuing focus this year has been reviewing the systems 
and controls in place in Viridor to manage its increasingly 
complex and regionalised businesses across the UK. 
It is important to ensure that Viridor continues to have 
appropriate processes and controls in place to manage the 
strong growth expected from its energy from waste plants, 
its developing recycling businesses and the major contracts 
with waste authorities. The Committee was pleased to note 
that plans are also being developed to deliver significant 
enhancements and upgrading of IT systems and that 
regular internal audits at local sites are demonstrating that 
new controls and systems put in place have been working 
satisfactorily. 
In South West Water the emphasis has been on continuing 
to manage systems in place as efficiently as possible 
whilst ensuring that risks are being appropriately assessed 
and controls in place are operating satisfactorily. The 
Committee was pleased to note that South West Water’s risk 
assessment and internal control processes remain robust. 
We decided to review our risk review process this year 
bearing in mind that it is 12 years since the Group introduced 
detailed risk management policies and procedures in 
accordance with the Turnbull Recommendations. We 
appointed Deloitte to undertake a full review; to date we have 
received a valuable interim report which is to be followed  
up shortly by a presentation to the Committee and the  
Board to enable us to consider any changes which may  
be appropriate to existing processes.

Dealing with Directors’ conflicts of interest
The Board has in place a procedure for the consideration 
and authorisation of Directors’ conflicts or possible conflicts 
with the Company’s interests. This is in accordance with the 
Directors’ interests provisions of the Companies Act 2006 and 
the Company’s Articles of Association which grants to Directors 
authority to approve such conflicts subject to appropriate 
conditions.
Board committees
Group policies allocate the tasks of giving detailed consideration 
to specified matters, to monitoring executive actions and to 
assessing reward, to the Board Committees as set out in the 
remaining sections of this Governance Report and the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report on pages 52 and 53.

As part of the Group’s risk review process this year we 
have once again assessed the key areas of sensitivity to 
the Group and these are set out on pages 28 to 33. We 
have concentrated on the high level key risks to the Group 
and have provided an indication of how the level of risk has 
changed over the past year. 
As reported in previous Annual Reports we continue to 
monitor carefully the effectiveness of our external auditors 
as well as their independence, bearing in mind that it is 
recognised there is a need to use our auditors’ firm for non-
audit services from time to time. We have full regard to the 
Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards and ensure 
that our procedures and safeguards meet these standards. 
Periodically a detailed review of the provision of external 
auditors is undertaken in accordance with best practice. 
The last such review was undertaken in 2006 when the 
current auditors were appointed following a comprehensive 
competitive tender process. In addition the auditors’ 
appointment is reviewed annually by the Committee.  
As part of this annual review the Committee considers  
the tenure, quality and fees of the auditors. 
Our policy for the engagement of the auditors’ firm for non-
audit work involves the Group Director of Finance setting 
out in a report to the Committee the reasons for appointing 
the auditors’ firm for any material work and obtaining the 
approval of the Committee. We carefully review whether it 
is necessary for the auditors’ firm to carry out such work 
and we will only grant approval for their appointment 
if we are satisfied that the auditors’ independence and 
objectivity are fully safeguarded. 
The Company’s auditors assist in this process by ensuring 
that the senior partner responsible for the external audit of 
the Group remains responsible for such audit for no more 
than five years and that there is a Quality Review Partner 
who is involved in planning the audit and in the reviewing 
of the final accounts of the Company including assessing 
any critical matters which may be identified in the audit. 
The auditors have also confirmed to the Committee that 
they have complied with all relevant guidance issued 
by the Auditing Practices Board and have implemented 
appropriate safeguards including: 
•	 all	non-audit	related	services,	where	necessary,	being	

performed by personnel independent of the audit 
engagement team

•	 no	work	being	undertaken	that	would	require	the	

auditors to act in a capacity as an advocate

•	 no	aspect	of	the	auditing	engagement	partner’s	

performance being assessed on the level of non-audit 
fees charged to the Company

•	 the	Committee	Chairman	meeting	with	the	auditors’	

Quality Review Partner periodically to discuss the scope 
and performance of their work.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  47  

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Governance Corporate governance and internal control 
continued

The Audit Committee continued

Set out on page 80 is the level of fees paid to the Company’s 
auditors’ firm for audit services, or audit-related services 
and non-audit services following the guidance proposed by 
the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards Guidance 
for Auditors. It is recognised that the level of non-audit fees 
payable to the Company’s auditors’ firm in the past year was 
in excess of the audit fee paid. This was primarily due to fees 
paid to the corporate finance arm of the auditors’ firm in 
relation to the major new PPP/PFI contract gains by Viridor. 
We considered carefully the reasons for the engagement of 
the auditors’ firm in accordance with the process described 
above. Of paramount importance was the continuing 
independence of the auditors which the Committee was 
satisfied was maintained due to the safeguards followed 
by the auditors’ firm as described above. We were also 
satisfied that it was appropriate to appoint the auditors’ 
firm to undertake such work because of the auditors’ firm’s 
specialist knowledge and the limited number of consultants 
with the expertise to undertake such engagements. These 
PPP/PFI contracts are of vital importance to the long-term 
strategic development of Viridor and it is critical that Viridor 
should be able to benefit from the best advice available in 
the market. The number of PPP/PFI contract opportunities 
is expected to decline from 2012/13 onwards leading to a 
corresponding decline in corporate finance fees payable.
The Committee also acknowledged that the absolute level 
of non-audit fees payable to the Company’s auditors is 
consistent with the level of non-audit fees incurred by many 
companies within the FTSE 100.
Another area of particular importance to the Committee is 
the internal audit activities of the Group. The Group has a 
longstanding and effective centralised internal audit function 
together with separate reviews undertaken within both 
South West Water and Viridor. A Group Internal Audit Plan 
is approved in September each year. It takes account of the 
activities to be undertaken by the external auditor and also 
the Group’s annual and regular interim risk management 
reviews. This approach seeks to ensure that there is an 
ongoing programme of internal and external audit reviews 
focused on key risk areas throughout the Group. The Group 
Audit Manager reports quarterly to the Committee on audit 
reviews undertaken and their findings.
The areas of the business of the Group which received 
audit attention over the past year included Group treasury 
processes; business continuity management; information 
security and IT risks; Viridor site practices; credit 
management and debt collection; and core systems  
and processes.
We have also considered a range of matters during the year 
in accordance with our established calendar of business and 
Terms of Reference including in particular:

•	 reviewing	the	accounting	policies	and	reporting	

judgements adopted by the Group in preparing its financial 
statements. We were satisfied that they were appropriate  
to provide a fair assessment of the financial performance  
of the Group

•	 agreeing	the	external	auditors’	strategy	for	carrying	out	the	

audit during the past financial year

•	 carrying	out	a	review	of	the	Half	Yearly	Report	with	the	

external auditors

•	 considering	a	report	from	the	external	auditors	on	the	

review of the financial year-end and meeting them in the 
absence of management to discuss their remit and any 
issues arising from the audit, including management’s 
treatment of significant judgements which the auditors had 
confirmed (following discussion with management) were 
considered to be satisfactory

•	 considering	an	internal	control	report	from	the	external	

auditors which reviewed the co-ordination of activities with 
the Group’s internal audit function

•	 keeping	under	review	the	effectiveness	of	the	Group’s	

internal controls, including all material financial, operational 
and compliance controls and risk management systems
•	 monitoring	and	reviewing	the	effectiveness	of	the	Group’s	
internal audit function and approving the annual internal 
audit plan

•	 reviewing	the	findings	of	the	internal	audit	function	and	

reviewing and monitoring management’s responsiveness  
to such findings

•	 overseeing	the	relationship	with	the	external	auditors	

including their appointment, remuneration, re-appointment 
and the monitoring of their independence and objectivity 
particularly having regard to the supply of any non-audit 
services by the auditors’ firm

•	 reviewing	the	level	of	audit	and	non-audit	fees	paid
•	 an	updated	fraud,	anti-bribery	and	other	irregularities	policy	

and procedure to take account of the provisions of the  
new Bribery Act, which was subsequently approved by  
the Board.

After consideration of the reports provided by the external 
auditors, and our assessment of the performance and 
independence of the auditors during the year in conjunction 
with the Group Director of Finance, we consider that it is 
appropriate that the external auditors be re-appointed and 
will make an appropriate recommendation to shareholders  
at the Annual General Meeting. 
It is our practice as an additional assurance, at the end of 
meetings of the Committee, to hold separate meetings with 
the external auditors and the internal Group Audit Manager 
without management present to discuss their respective 
areas of activity during the previous period and any issues 
arising from their audits.

48  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Dinah Nichols, Sustainability Committee Chairman 

Ken Harvey, Nomination Committee Chairman

Sustainability Committee1

The Nomination Committee

Members

Appointment date

Attendance

Dinah Nichols  
(Chairman)
Gerard Connell

Martin Angle 

November 2006
November 2006

December 2008

Colin Drummond 

November 2006

Christopher Loughlin November 2006

5/5
5/5

4/5

4/5

5/5

The Sustainability Committee’s duties, in the context of the 
requirement for companies to conduct their business in a 
responsible manner (in relation to environmental, social and 
governance (ESG) matters), are to review the strategies, 
policies, management, initiatives, targets and performance 
of the Pennon Group of companies in the areas of 
occupational health and safety and security; environment; 
workplace policies; non-financial regulatory compliance 
and the role of the Group in society.
During the year the Committee considered a wide range 
of matters in accordance with its Terms of Reference 
including:
•	 the	2011/12	Group	Sustainability	Report	and	the	

associated Verifier’s Report

•	 the	South	West	Water	and	Viridor	Sustainability	Reports
•	 the	Group’s	health	and	safety	performance	and	plans
•	 the	Verifier’s	recommendations	for	the	next	Sustainability	

Reports

•	 progress	against	the	Sustainability	targets	for	2011/12
•	 Sustainability	targets	for	2012/13
•	 the	annual	review	of	Group	policies
•	 a	new	community	relations	and	investment	policy
•	 developments	and	progress	in	carbon	reduction	driving	

sustainability within the Group supply chains.

In reporting on sustainability, the Company has sought to 
comply with the Association of British Insurers’ Guidelines 
on Responsible Investment Disclosure. The Business 
review on pages 34 to 39 contains the Group’s 2012 Annual 
Sustainability Report. 

1 (formerly Corporate Responsibility Committee).

Board committees’ terms of reference
The Terms of Reference of the Audit, Remuneration, 
Nomination and Sustainability Committees are available 
upon request to the Group General Counsel & Company 
Secretary and are also set out on the Company’s website 
pennon-group.co.uk

Members
Kenneth Harvey  
(Chairman)
Gerard Connell

Martin Angle 

Dinah Nichols

Appointment date

Attendance

March 1997
October 2003

December 2008

June 2003

3/3
3/3

3/3

3/3

The Nomination Committee meets as and when required 
to select and recommend to the Board suitable candidates 
for appointment as Executive and Non-executive Directors 
to the Board and as executive directors to the Viridor 
and South West Water boards, determine the nomination 
process and review succession plans. It is the practice of 
the Committee, led by the Chairman, to appoint an external 
search consultancy to assist in any Board appointments.
During the year the Committee considered the annual 
performance evaluation results for the Committee; 
considered and approved the appointments of an  
executive director and a non-executive director to the 
Viridor board; reviewed equality and diversity arrangements 
throughout the Group; and commenced the process,  
with the assistance of external search consultants,  
for the appointment of a further Non-executive Director  
to the Board taking account of the recommendations  
of the Lord Davies Review, ‘Women on Boards’.
Gender Diversity – The Board’s policy
In accordance with the Lord Davies Review 
recommendations and the expected changes to the UK 
Corporate Governance Code (the Code) the Committee  
is pleased to report that the Board has adopted  
a Boardroom Diversity Policy which confirms that  
the Board is committed to:
•	 the	search	for	Board	candidates	being	conducted,	and	
appointments made, on merit, against objective criteria 
and with due regard for the benefits of diversity on the 
Board, including gender

•	 satisfying	itself	that	plans	are	in	place	for	orderly	

succession of appointments to the Board and to senior 
management to maintain an appropriate balance of skills 
and experience within the Group and on the Board and to 
ensure progressive refreshing of the Board.

In addition, within the spirit of Principle B.2 of the Code, 
the Board will endeavour to achieve and subsequently 
maintain:
•	 a	minimum	of	25%	female	representation	on	the	Board	by	
2015 (and maintain the current 14% representation until 
the higher percentage is achieved)

•	 a	minimum	of	25%	female	representation	on	the	Group’s	

senior management team by 2015.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  49  

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Governance Corporate governance and internal control  
continued

Currently the Group has 14% female representation at Board 
level and in a workforce of circa 4,500 some 16% are women. 
In senior/middle management executive positions the female 
representation is circa 18%. 
As well as its Boardroom Diversity Policy the Group has a 
number of policies embracing workplace matters, including 
non-discrimination and equal opportunities policies. 
The Committee is required by the Board to review and 
monitor compliance with the Boardroom Diversity Policy and 
report on the targets, achievement against those targets and 
overall compliance in the Annual Report each year.

The Remuneration Committee
Details of the Remuneration Committee and the Directors’ 
remuneration report can be found on pages 52 to 60.

Internal control
Wider aspects of internal control
The Board is responsible for maintaining the Group’s system of 
internal control to safeguard shareholders’ investment and the 
Group’s assets and for reviewing its effectiveness. The system 
is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to 
achieve business objectives and can only provide reasonable 
and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or 
loss. There is an ongoing process for identifying, evaluating and 
managing the significant risks faced by the Group that has been  
in place throughout the financial year 2011/12 and up to the date  
of the approval of this Annual Report and Accounts.
The Board confirms that it continues to apply procedures in 
accordance with the UK Corporate Governance Code and the 
‘Guidance on Internal Control’ (The Turnbull Guidance) which 
suggests means of applying the internal control part of the 
Code. As part of these procedures the Board has a Group Risk 
Management Policy (GRMP) which provides for the identification 
of key risks in relation to the achievement of the business 
objectives of the Group, monitoring of such risks and annual 
evaluation of the overall process, as described in more detail 
below. The GRMP is applied by all business units within the  
Group in accordance with an annual timetable.
Risk identification
A full risk and control assessment is undertaken annually by the 
management of each business to identify financial and non-
financial risks which are then regularly updated. Each business 
compiles (as part of regular management reports) an enhanced 
and focused assessment of key risks against corporate objectives. 
At each meeting the Board receives from the Executive Directors 
details of any new high-level risks identified and how they are to 
be managed, together with details of any changes to existing risks 
and their management. The subsidiary boards of South West 
Water and Viridor also receive at each meeting similar reports  

50  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

in respect of their own areas of responsibility. All Executive 
Directors and senior managers are required to certify on an annual 
basis that they have effective controls in place to manage risks and 
to operate in compliance with legislation and Group procedures. 
We also have a Whistleblowing policy and we thoroughly 
investigate any allegations of misconduct and irregularity and 
consider the implications for our control environment. In the normal 
course of business investigations into irregularities may be ongoing 
as of the date of the approval of the financial statements. 
All of these processes serve to ensure that a culture of effective 
control and risk management is embedded within the organisation 
and that the Group is in a position to react appropriately to new 
risks as they arise. Details of key risks affecting the Group are set 
out in the Business review on pages 28 to 33.
Internal control framework
The Group also has a well established internal control framework 
which is operated and which applies in relation to the process for 
preparing the Group’s consolidated accounts. 
This framework comprises:
•	 a	clearly	defined	structure	which	delegates	an	appropriate	
level of authority, responsibility and accountability, including 
responsibility for internal financial control, to management of 
operating units

•	 a	comprehensive	budgeting	and	reporting	function	with	an	

annual budget approved by the Board of Directors, which also 
monitors the financial reporting process, monthly results and 
updated forecasts for the year against budget

•	 documented	financial	control	procedures.	Managers	of	

operating units are required to confirm annually that they have 
adequate financial controls in operation and to report all material 
areas of financial risk. Compliance with procedures is reviewed 
and tested by the Company’s internal audit function 

•	 an	investment	appraisal	process	for	evaluating	proposals	for	 
all major capital expenditure and acquisitions, with defined  
levels of approval and a system for monitoring the progress  
of capital projects

•	 a	post-investment	evaluation	process	for	major	capital	

expenditure and acquisitions to assess the success of the 
project and learn any lessons to be applied to future projects.

Internal control review
An evaluation of the effectiveness of overall internal control 
compliance by the Group is undertaken in respect of each 
financial year (and subsequently up to the date of this report)  
to assist the Audit Committee in considering the Group internal 
audit plan for the forthcoming financial year and also the Business 
review for the Annual Report. The Group General Counsel 
& Company Secretary initially carries out the evaluation with 
Directors and senior management for consideration by the Audit 
Committee and subsequently for final evaluation by the Board.
In addition the Audit Committee regularly reviews the operation 
and effectiveness of the internal control framework and annually 
reviews the scope of work, authority and resources of the 
Company’s internal audit function. The Committee reports and 
makes recommendations to the Board on such reviews. For 

2011/12 and up to the date of the approval of the Annual Report 
and Accounts, both the Audit Committee and the Board were 
satisfied with the effectiveness of the GRMP and the internal 
control framework and their operation within the Group.
Further information on the internal control review is set out on page 
47 in relation to the Audit Committee.
Going concern
The Directors consider, after making appropriate enquiries, that 
the Company and the Group have adequate resources to continue 
in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason 
they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the 
financial statements.
Directors’ responsibilities statements
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report, the 
Directors’ Remuneration Report and the financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial 
statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors 
have prepared the Group and Company financial statements 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. Under company law 
the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless 
they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of 
affairs of the Group and the Company and of the profit or loss of 
the Group for the year.
In preparing these financial statements the Directors are required to:
•	 select	suitable	accounting	policies	and	then	apply	them	

consistently

•	 make	judgements	and	accounting	estimates	which	are	

reasonable and prudent

•	 state	whether	applicable	IFRSs	as	adopted	by	the	European	
Union have been followed, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements.

The Directors confirm that they have complied with the above 
requirements in preparing the financial statements.
The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the financial position of the Group and the Company and enable 
them to ensure that the financial statements and the Directors’ 
remuneration report comply with the Companies Act 2006 
and, as regards the Group financial statements, article 4 of the 
International Accounting Standards (IAS) Regulation. They are 
also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and 
the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Each of the Directors, whose names and functions are listed on 
pages 44 and 45, confirms that, to the best of their knowledge:
a) the financial statements, which have been prepared in 

accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRS) as adopted by the EU, give a true and fair view of the 
assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of the Group and  
of the Company and

b) the Directors’ report contained on pages 2 to 41 includes a fair 
review of the development and performance of the business 
and position of the Company and the Group, together with a 
description of the principal risks and uncertainties they face.
The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity 
of the Company’s website pennon-group.co.uk Legislation in the 
United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination 
of financial statements may differ from legislation in other 
jurisdictions.
Corporate governance statements
The following disclosures are made pursuant to Part 6 of Schedule 
7 of the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups 
(Accounts & Reports) Regulations 2008 and Rule 7.2.3.R of the  
UK Listing Authority’s Disclosure and Transparency Rules (DTR). 

As at 31 March 2012:
a) details of the Company’s issued share capital, which consists of 
Ordinary shares of nominal value 40.7 pence each, are set out 
in note 31 to the financial statements on pages 101 to 103. All of 
the Company’s issued shares are fully paid up, rank equally in 
all respects and are listed on the Official List and traded on the 
London Stock Exchange. The rights and obligations attaching 
to the Company’s shares, in addition to those conferred on 
their holders by law, are set out in the Company’s Articles 
of Association (‘Articles’), copies of which can be obtained 
from Companies House in the UK or by writing to the Group 
Company Secretary at the Company’s registered office.
  The holders of the Company’s shares are entitled to receive 

the Company’s reports and accounts and in relation to general 
meetings of the Company they have the right to attend and 
speak, exercise voting rights and appoint proxies;

b) there are no restrictions on the transfer of issued shares of 

the Company or on the exercise of voting rights attached to 
them, except where the Company has exercised its right to 
suspend their voting rights or to prohibit their transfer following 
the omission of their holder or any person interested in them 
to provide the Company with information requested by it in 
accordance with Part 22 of the Companies Act 2006 or where 
their holder is precluded from exercising voting rights by the 
Financial Services Authority’s Listing Rules or the City Code  
on Takeovers and Mergers;

c) details of significant direct or indirect holdings of securities of the 
Company are set out in the shareholder analysis on page 113;
d) the Company’s rules about the appointment and replacement 
of Directors are contained in the Articles and accord with usual 
English company law provisions. The powers of directors are 
determined by UK legislation and the Articles in force from 
time to time. Changes to the Articles must be approved by the 
Company’s shareholders by passing a special resolution;

e) the Directors have the power to make purchases of the 

Company’s own shares in issue as set out in the Directors’ 
report on page 41 ‘Purchase of own Ordinary shares’. No such 
purchases have been made during the year. The Directors also 
have the authority to allot shares up to an aggregate nominal 
value of (i) £48,541,689 (such amount to be reduced by any 
shares allotted or rights granted under (ii) below in excess of 
£48,541,689) or (ii) £97,083,378 by way of rights issue (such 
amount to be reduced by any shares allotted or rights granted 
from (i)) above) which were approved by shareholders at the 
2011 Annual General Meeting (AGM). In addition, shareholders 
approved a resolution giving the Directors a limited authority to 
allot shares for cash other than pro rata to existing shareholders. 
These resolutions remain valid until the conclusion of this year’s 
AGM. Similar resolutions will be proposed at this year’s AGM. 
The Directors have no present intention to issue Ordinary 
shares other than pursuant to the Company’s employee share 
schemes and Scrip Dividend Alternative; and

f)   there are a number of agreements which take effect, alter or 

terminate upon a change of control of the Company following 
a takeover bid, such as bank loan agreements, Eurobond 
documentation, private placement debt and employees’ share 
plans. None of these is considered to be significant in terms of 
their potential impact on the business of the Group as a whole.

By Order of the Board
Ken Woodier 
Group General Counsel & Company Secretary 
18 June 2012

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  51  

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Governance 

Directors’ remuneration report

Dear shareholder
I am pleased to present the remuneration report for 2012 on behalf 
of the Board. We will be presenting this report for your approval at 
our Annual General Meeting in July.
This report is designed to provide you with details of:
•	 the Remuneration Committee
•	 the Group’s Remuneration policy
•	 Directors’ remuneration
•	 specific remuneration disclosures required by the Directors’ 

Remuneration Report Regulations, which are audited.

We appreciate that there remains investor concern relating to 
executive director remuneration generally and, whilst focus has 
been on the financial sector primarily, it is fully recognised that 
there is a need for other sectors to continue to take account of 
this concern in reviewing and setting their remuneration policies 
and overall remuneration practice. This is why we asked our 
remuneration consultants recently to undertake a review of our 
incentive benefits to ensure that they continue to be aligned with 
creating shareholder value and only provide rewards to Directors 
commensurate with the achievements of the Group. I am pleased 
to say that our consultants confirm that this is the position. As 
a result we do not propose any changes to our remuneration 
arrangements which have been in place without amendment for 
the past five years.
The essential elements of our remuneration package and their 
purpose therefore continue to be as set out below.

Martin Angle, Remuneration Committee Chairman

The Remuneration Committee

Members
Martin Angle 
(Chairman)
Gerard Connell
Dinah Nichols

Appointment date

Attendance

December 2008
October 2003
June 2003

3/4
4/4
4/4

Elements of remuneration

Type of Remuneration
Fixed
Base Salary

Pension

Description

Purpose

Annual salary set by reference to market level 
appropriate for role and based on individual 
skills, experience and performance

Rewards appropriately for the role 
undertaken and assists in key person 
retention and recruitment

Final Salary (Defined Benefit) for existing 
Directors/ Defined Contributions for any new 
appointees or cash alternative commensurate 
with market level pension arrangements

Assists in key person retention and 
recruitment

Variable
Short-term – Annual:
Annual Incentive Bonus Plan – Maximum 
100% of basic salary with 50% paid in cash 
and 50% in shares deferred for three years

Long-term – three years:
Performance and Co-investment Plan (PCP) 
– future performance over three years

Assessed against corporate financial 
performance and individual personal 
achievements relating to a range of 
operational and compliance targets

Incentive for annual performance across 
the Group at individual and team level. The 
deferred element also assists in key person 
retention and recruitment

Total shareholder return performance criteria 
– 50% linked to water and waste comparator 
group and 50% linked to relative FTSE 250 
with an underpin relating to operational and 
economic performance

A long-term reward which aligns Directors’ 
performance to shareholder value and 
which drives sustainable practices and 
assists in key person retention and 
recruitment.

52  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

The Committee’s Terms of Reference include:
•	 advising the Board on the framework of executive 

remuneration for the Group

•	 determining the remuneration and terms of engagement 
of the Chairman, the Executive Directors and Senior 
Management of the Group. 

No Director or any other attendee participates in any 
discussion on, or determination of, his or her own 
remuneration.
During the year the Committee received advice or services 
which materially assisted the Committee in the consideration 
of remuneration matters from Ken Harvey, Chairman of 
the Company, and from the following advisors who were 
appointed directly by the Committee:
•	 Ken Woodier, Group General Counsel & Company 

Secretary, on remuneration and share scheme matters. 
He also provides legal advice and company secretarial 
services to the Company

•	 Deloitte LLP, auditing and remuneration consultants, 

on calculating the Company’s total shareholder return 
compared with two comparator groups for the Company’s 
Performance and Co-investment Plan. Deloitte also provide 
financial, tax and risk management review advice to the 
Company

•	 Aon Hewitt Limited, pensions and remuneration 

consultants, on providing advice on pension benefits. Aon 
Hewitt also provided actuarial and investment advice to 
the Company and to the Trustees of the Group’s pension 
schemes

•	 Towers Watson UK Limited, remuneration consultants,  

on the Company’s Director and senior management annual 
incentive benefits framework.

Remuneration policy
The Group’s remuneration policy which will be applied in 2012/13, and is also currently intended to be applied in each subsequent year, 
continues to be to provide a remuneration package for Executive Directors which is adequate to attract, retain and motivate good quality 
executives and which is commensurate with the remuneration packages provided by companies of similar size and complexity. The key 
guiding principles of this policy are to:
•	 design an overall package to be competitive and to take account of the markets in which the Group’s businesses operate
•	 support the overarching business strategy for the Group
•	 adopt incentive arrangements designed to reward performance and align the interests of the Executive Directors with those 

of shareholders

•	 reinforce the incentive element of the package by maintaining base salaries for Executive Directors at the relevant market median
•	 have a remuneration package which is fair and consistent with other companies in the sector and which provides incentives for 

outperformance.

The policy in respect of Non-executive Directors’ fees is set out on page 56 in the Non-executive Directors’ remuneration section.
In setting executive remuneration the Committee not only takes account of employment market conditions, but seeks to ensure that 
there are coherent pay and benefit structures across the Group which are consistent with the remuneration packages of the Executive 
Directors and senior management. From summary reports on workforce remuneration and terms and conditions of employment by 
the Executive Directors with regard to their respective business areas, the Committee has regard to the general levels of responsibility, 
qualifications and experience required throughout the Group in setting salary and other benefits of the Executive Directors and senior 
management. The Committee also ensures that the incentive structures do not raise environmental, social or governance (ESG) risks  
by inadvertently motivating irresponsible behaviour. A number of individual performance objectives specifically relate to achieving  
non-financial, including ESG, targets (as outlined on page 54).
The balance between maximum performance-related remuneration receivable and direct remuneration (i.e. excluding pensions, 
car benefit and health cover) is the same as last year with one-third direct and two-thirds performance-related. This is expected to 
continue for the foreseeable future. The Company also has a Shareholding Guideline which applies to Executive Directors and Senior 
Management. It is structured to demonstrate their commitment to the future success of the Group. Executive Directors are expected  
to build up their shareholding over a five-year period to a value which is at least equivalent to their basic annual salary.
The following is a detailed summary of the elements of remuneration:
(i)  Basic salary and benefits – these are set out on page 57 for each Executive Director and are not related to performance. The 

Committee reviews salaries annually taking account of market data available from independent remuneration consultants. Last year 
the general increase was 4.0%. When reviewing base salaries the Committee takes account of the performance of the individual 
Executive Directors which the Committee assesses with the advice of Ken Harvey, Chairman of the Company. Other benefits,  
not mentioned below, include four times salary life assurance cover; a fully expensed car or a cash alternative; and health cover.

(ii)  Performance-related bonus – annual performance related bonuses are awarded in accordance with the Group’s Annual Incentive 

Bonus Plan (the Bonus Plan) and are based on the achievement by the Executive Directors of overall corporate and individual 
objectives set by the Committee. The maximum bonus achievable under the Bonus Plan for Executive Directors for 2011/12 was 
100% of basic salary. To achieve the maximum percentage bonus allocated in respect of the corporate targets of earnings per 
share and profit before tax it is necessary for the Company to achieve a specified level of superior outperformance. Half of any 
bonus awarded is in the form of Ordinary shares in the Company which must usually be held for a period of three years before 
release (Deferred Bonus Shares). During this period the Directors, in respect of the Deferred Bonus Shares, are entitled to receive 
any dividends declared by the Company. No additional performance conditions applicable to the release of the Deferred Bonus 
Shares, apart from maintaining continuous service with the Company, are considered appropriate by the Committee in view of the 
stretching performance conditions applicable to achieve the initial award of the Deferred Bonus Shares. The Committee, in setting the 
performance objectives for Executive Directors, takes account of corporate performance on environmental, social and governance 
(ESG) matters. Objectives set embrace appropriate ESG parameters which are important to the success of the Group and which 
seek to ensure that the Group meets a number of its ESG targets as set out in the Group Sustainability report on pages 34 to 39 of 
the Business review. The Committee in setting such objectives and in determining its remuneration policy overall ensures that the 
relevant incentives to Directors and senior management aligns their interests with shareholders and raise no ESG risks by inadvertently 
motivating irresponsible behaviour.

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  53  

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Governance Directors’ remuneration report  
continued

  The Bonus Plan is also operated in conjunction with the Company’s Executive Share Option Scheme (ESOS) on the basis that the 

aggregate pre-tax value of the awards made under both the Bonus Plan and the ESOS would be the same as they would have been 
if the Bonus Plan had been operated alone, which was the position prior to 2009/10. This is achieved by providing for Deferred Bonus 
Shares awarded to be forfeited by the Directors up to the same value as that of any gain made in respect of options exercised by 
the Directors pursuant to the ESOS at the end of the three-year restricted period. Only the HMRC approved part of the ESOS was 
operated in 2009/10 which enabled options over Ordinary shares in the Company to be granted to Directors to the value of £30,000 
at the then prevailing price. No further options will be granted to the Executive Directors pursuant to the Bonus Plan until the existing 
options either are exercised or lapse at the end of the three-year restricted period in September this year. Details of the options are set 
out in the table in paragraph (d) on page 60.

  Set out below is a summary of the performance targets determined by the Committee for each Executive Director for 2012/13. These 

are similar to the targets applied for 2011/12.

  Colin Drummond – A bonus of up to 40% for outperformance of Group earnings per share against budget; up to 40% calculated by 
reference to outperformance of the profit before tax and net debt budgets of Viridor; and up to 20% for personal objectives relating to 
key business targets for Viridor. 

  David Dupont – A bonus of up to 40% for outperformance of Group earnings per share against budget; up to 40% for 

outperformance against budget relating to net debt and net interest of the Group and profit before tax of South West Water and 
Viridor; and up to 20% for personal objectives relating to Group financing and other Group initiatives.

  Chris Loughlin – A bonus of up to 40% for outperformance of Group earnings per share against budget; up to 20% for personal 
objectives relating to implementing South West Water’s new strategies and projects and meeting compliance targets; and up to 
40% calculated by reference to the average bonus earned by the other Executive Directors of South West Water (which relate 
to outperformance against the operating costs, profit before tax, capital expenditure and net debt budgets of the company; the 
position the company achieves in the ‘Service Incentive Mechanism’ of water and sewerage companies established by Ofwat; the 
achievement of a range of service standards set for the company by Ofwat; and personal objectives relating to key initiatives, projects 
and compliance targets for South West Water). 

  The achievements of the Executive Directors against their individual performance objectives are assessed by the Committee following 
the financial year-end when the audited results of the Company and performance against the parameters set are known. This enables 
the Committee to apply largely objective criteria in determining the level of bonus (if any) which should be awarded, with the advice of 
the Chairman of the Company, Ken Harvey.

(iii)  Long-term incentive plan – A Performance and Co-investment Plan (PCP) was operated by the Company during the year for 

Executive Directors and senior management.

  The purpose of the PCP is to award shares to participants subject to the achievement of stretching performance conditions measured 
over three years. Awards under the PCP, in the form of a conditional right over Ordinary shares in the Company, were made by the 
Committee in July 2011 and, for Executive Directors, the award was over shares worth 100% of basic salary. In accordance with its 
discretion pursuant to the rules of the PCP, the Committee made the vesting of the awards also subject to the fulfilment of a co-
investment condition whereby Executive Directors were required to invest and hold shares in the Company equal to 20% of the value 
of their award over the Restricted Period (being a period of three years from the date of the award). The percentage requirement for 
senior management was suitably scaled back. The number of shares subject to each award in the event of vesting will be increased 
by such number of shares as could have been acquired by reinvesting the dividends which would otherwise have been received on 
those shares prior to vesting or exercise. 

  The PCP awards made in July 2011 will vest based on the Company’s total shareholder return (TSR) performance over the Restricted 
Period against two different comparator groups as set out below. This is the same performance criteria that was applied to the PCP 
awards made in July 2010 and July 2009. TSR measures the value created for shareholders through increases in share price and 
the payment of dividends and was applied by the Committee because, based upon advice received from remuneration consultants, 
Deloitte LLP, it believes that this is an appropriate measure to align the interests of the Executive Directors with those of shareholders: 

54  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

•	 up to 50% of an award will vest according to the Company’s TSR performance measured against an index made up of the following 

six listed water and waste comparator companies:

  Northumbrian Water Group* 
  Séché Environnement 
  Severn Trent  

Shanks Group
Suez Environnement
United Utilities

  These companies are regarded as the Company’s key listed comparators.

*  As Northumbrian Water Group was delisted from the London Stock Exchange in October 2011 the Committee in respect of the July 2011 award  
at the end of the three-year Restricted Period will have discretion to include this company in the calculation of the index up to the date of delisting  
(or other earlier date at its discretion) and exclude the company from the date onwards or adopt an alternative approach.

Water/Waste index
Above the index + 15%
Equal to the index
Straight-line vesting in between above positions
Below the index

Vesting
50%
15%

0%

•	 up to 50% of an award will vest according to the Company’s ranked TSR performance against the constituents of the FTSE 250 

index (excluding investment trusts). This is the FTSE Index to which the Company belonged at the time of the award.

FTSE 250 Index (excluding investment trusts)
At or above the 75th percentile
Above 50th percentile
Straight-line vesting in between above positions
At or below the 50th percentile

Vesting
50%
15%

0%

In addition to the above TSR conditions, before any award is capable of vesting, there is an ‘Underpin’ condition whereby the 
Committee needs to be satisfied that the underlying operational and economic performance of the Company is at a satisfactory level. 
This evaluation includes consideration of ESG factors and safety performance, as well as financial performance. Whilst the Committee 
intends currently to apply similar performance conditions including the ‘Underpin’ to any future PCP awards, they are reviewed on an 
annual basis to ensure that the conditions continue to be appropriate and suitably stretching for future awards.

  For the PCP awards made in August 2008 the same performance measures were used as set out above except that Suez 

Environnement was listed part-way through the performance period on 21 July 2008 and was included In the calculation of the index 
value from that date onwards. The calculation of TSR performance over the three-year performance period (being 1 April 2008 to 
1 April 2011) for these PCP awards was undertaken by Deloitte LLP for the Committee. The table below summarises the calculation:

Comparator group

Waste/Water index
FTSE 250 (excluding investment trusts)
Total vesting

Portion of 
award

50%
50%

Rank
17.2% outperformance 
against index
103rd out of 186

Percentile rank

Final vesting level

–
44.9%

50.0%
0.0%
50.0%

The Committee was satisfied that the ‘Underpin’ condition referred to above had been met and therefore approved the vesting of 
50.0% of the award as calculated by Deloitte (together with shares equivalent to the value of dividends declared during the Restricted 
Period on such shares) with the remaining 50.0% lapsing. 

(iv) Other share schemes – Executive Directors are entitled to participate in the Company’s Sharesave Scheme and Share Incentive 

Plan. Both are all-employee plans to which performance conditions do not apply. 

(v)  Service contracts – In accordance with Company policy, all Executive Directors have service contracts subject to one year’s notice. 
David Dupont’s and Chris Loughlin’s service contracts are due to expire when they reach their normal retirement age of 60. However it 
is expected that they will be extended by agreement between each Director and the Company. Colin Drummond reached his normal 
retirement date on 22 February 2011 and has continued in employment with the Company in the same position as Chief Executive, 
Viridor, and as a Director of the Pennon Group Board. His service contract with the Company continues subject to one year’s notice.
  No provision is made for termination payments under the service contracts. In the event of an early termination of a Director’s service 
contract, the Committee’s policy is to ensure that any compensation payable (whether share-based or cash) reflects the Director’s 
performance and the circumstances of the termination. The dates of the contracts are:

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Colin Drummond
David Dupont
Chris Loughlin

5 March 1992
2 January 2003
16 May 2006

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Governance Directors’ remuneration report 
continued

Total shareholder return (TSR) 

TSR

150

120

90

60

30

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Pennon 

FTSE 250

Calendar year

The graph above shows the value, over the five-year period ending on 31 March 2012, of £100 invested in Pennon Group on 31 March 
2007 compared with the value of £100 invested in the FTSE 250 Index. The other points plotted are the values at intervening financial 
year-ends. This Index is considered appropriate as it is a broad equity market index of which the Company has been a constituent over 
most of the period covered. The graph above has been produced in accordance with regulations made pursuant to Section 421 of the 
Companies Act 2006.

(vi) Provision for pensions – During the year David Dupont participated in the Pennon Group Pension Scheme and the Pennon Group 
Executive Pension Scheme until 3 March 2012 when he decided to take his benefits early. These are funded defined benefit schemes 
which, dependent on length of service at normal retirement date, could amount to two-thirds of final pensionable pay up to an 
Earnings Cap which ceased to apply in the Executive Scheme from 6 April 2006. 

  David Dupont had been provided with additional pension benefits under an unapproved funded Supplementary Pension Scheme of 
the Company in order to bring his pension benefits up to a level which would have been provided under the other schemes as if the 
Earnings Cap had not applied. With effect from 6 April 2006 the statutory Earnings Cap no longer applied to pension schemes as part 
of the simplification of taxation of pensions legislation. The Committee accordingly decided to provide future service pension benefits 
above the Earnings Cap level from the Pennon Group Executive Pension Scheme to Directors who were members of that Scheme. 
The Supplementary Pension Scheme was therefore closed and the accrued benefits were paid out to its members in April 2006.
  The pensionable pay for David Dupont consisted of the highest basic salary in any consecutive twelve-month period of service within 

five years of retirement. Bonuses are not included in pensionable pay.

  Colin Drummond and Chris Loughlin receive an annual payment (payable by monthly instalments) equivalent to 30% of each of their 
annual basic salaries in lieu of the provision of pension benefits. David Dupont from 3 March 2012 is also entitled to receive a similar 
benefit but, with the agreement of the Company, has had his pension accrued benefit augmented by the sum of £94,062 paid for by 
the Employer which will be deducted from the annual payment to be paid in lieu of pension benefit.
In determining remuneration arrangements for Executive Directors, the Committee gives full consideration to their impact on the 
pension schemes’ funds and costs of providing individual pension arrangements or payments in lieu of pension provision.

Non-executive Directors and the Chairman
Non-executive Directors’ remuneration (excluding that of the Chairman, Ken Harvey) consisting of fees only as set out below, is 
determined by the Board of Directors, including the Chairman, but in the absence of the other Non-executive Directors. It is usually 
reviewed each year to take account of market changes in Non-executive Directors’ fees. In reviewing the fees, the Board takes into 
account market information on Non-executive Directors’ fees. The fees were reviewed last year and increased by between 4.5% and 
4.76%. The base Non-executive Director fee in the year was £40,000 per annum. The Audit, Remuneration and Corporate Responsibility 
Committee chairs were paid fees of £10,000, £7,000 and £7,000 per annum respectively and members of these committees received 
£4,000 each. For this and subsequent years the policy expected to be applied in respect of Non-executive Director fees will be to set fees 
around the median level compared with the market, which the Board believes is appropriate to attract and retain suitably experienced 
Non-executive Directors.

56  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

 
The Chairman’s remuneration is set by the Remuneration Committee. The Chairman’s fee was reviewed last year and increased by 4.4% 
by the Committee. 
The policy of the Committee to be applied to the Chairman’s fee for this and in subsequent years is the same as that for the Non-
executive Directors as set out above. In addition to a fee the Chairman receives a fully-expensed car benefit and health cover. No other 
benefits or remuneration are received by the Chairman.
The Non-executive Directors (excluding the Chairman) have contracts for services setting out their terms and conditions of appointment 
which are subject to the Articles of Association of the Company and which may be extended by agreement between the Company and 
the Non-executive Directors. No provision is made for any termination payment under these contracts.
The Chairman has a contract for services dated 1 April 2005 which is subject to 12 months’ notice to provide the Company with 
reasonable security with regard to his ongoing service. No provision is made for any termination payments under this contract.
The contracts for services of the Chairman and the Non-executive Directors reflect corporate governance best practice and,  
together with the Executive Directors’ service contracts, are available for inspection at the Company’s registered office during  
normal business hours.
The dates of the Non-executive Directors’ contracts are: 

Director

Date of contract

Expiry date of contract

Martin Angle
Gerard Connell
Dinah Nichols

28 November 2008
30 September 2003
10 June 2003

30 November 2014
31 July 2014
25 July 2013

The above contracts do not contain any notice periods.
The information set out below and on the remaining pages of this Remuneration Report (pages 58 to 60) has been audited by the 
Group’s independent auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
Emoluments of Directors
The emoluments of individual Directors holding office during 2011/12 were:

Director
Chairman:
Ken Harvey 
Executive Directors:
Colin Drummond 
David Dupont 
Chris Loughlin 
Non-executive Directors:
Martin Angle 
Gerard Connell 
Dinah Nichols 
Total

Salary/fees 
£000

Performance 
related bonus 
payable1
£000

Other
 emoluments2
£000

Payment in 
lieu of 
pension3
£000

Total 2012 
 Year to 
31 March 
£000

Total 2011 
 Year to 
31 March 
£000

240 

359 
359 
359 

55
58
55
1,485

–

97
140
156

–
–
–
393

23

24
25
24

–
–
–
96

–

108
94*
108

–
–
–
310

263

588
618
647

55
58
55
2,284

253

546
531
632

52
55
52
2,121

1  In addition to the performance-related cash bonus, Executive Directors are due to receive a conditional award of shares as referred to in a note to (c) 

‘Annual Incentive Bonus Plan – Deferred Bonus Shares (long-term incentive element)’ on page 59.

2  Other emoluments are car benefit and health cover.
3  In lieu of any pension provision by the Company, Colin Drummond, David Dupont (from 3 March 2012) and Chris Loughlin received cash payments 

equivalent to 30% of each of their annual basic salaries. * David Dupont’s cash payment of £94,062 represents in part a pre-payment as set out in ‘(vi) 
Provision for pensions’ on page 56 which has augmented his pension entitlement and is included in the pension benefit figures set out below in the 
Executive Directors’ pensions table.

  No expense allowances chargeable to tax or termination or compensation payments were made during the year.
Executive Directors’ pensions
Defined benefit pensions accrued and payable on retirement for Executive Directors holding office during 2011/12 were:

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Decrease in
accrued
pension
during 
2011/12
(net of
inflation)
 £000
a
(3)
(19)

Increase/
decrease in
accrued
pension 
during
2011/12
£000
b
3
(11)

Accrued
pension at
31 March 
2012
£000
c
124
134

Transfer 
value
at
31 March 
2012
£000
d
3,379
3,918

Transfer 
value
at
31 March 
2011
£000
e
2,710
3,150

Increase in
transfer 
value
(net of
Directors’
con-
tributions)
£000
f
670
739

Decrease in
transfer 
value
of Column a
(net of
Directors’
con-
tributions)
£000
g
(92)
(573)

Director
Colin Drummond
David Dupont

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The headings a) to g) above are as follows:
a) increase/decrease in accrued pension during 2011/12 (net of inflation)
b) increase/decrease in accrued pension during 2011/12
c) accrued pension at 31 March 2012 payable at normal retirement age
d) transfer value of the accrued pension in c) as at 31 March 2012
e) transfer value of the accrued pension at the end of the previous financial year on 31 March 2011
f)  increase/decrease in transfer value during the year (net of Directors’ contributions)
g) increase/decrease in transfer value of column a) (net of Directors’ contributions).
Colin Drummond was a pensioner member of the Pennon Group’s pension schemes during the year. As such no further benefits were 
accrued and no employee or employer contributions were paid (other than the employer’s deficit reduction contributions). The accrued 
pension at 31 March 2012 (column c) therefore shows the actual pension in payment at 31 March 2012. The increase in Colin’s accrued 
pension over the year (column b) is solely as a result of indexation of his pension as set out in the schemes’ rules.
The accrued pension at 31 March 2012 (column c) for David Dupont is lower than the pension amount quoted in the 31 March 2011 
accounts as David decided to draw his pension from the Pennon Group’s pension schemes early from 3 March 2012. On taking his 
benefits David made a tax payment of £287,880 which was deducted from his accrued benefit. The accrued pension figure at 31 March 
2012 (column c) therefore reflects the residual pension in payment at that date.
The increase in transfer value over the year (column f) is mainly as a result of the large fall in gilt yields between 31 March 2011 and 
31 March 2012.
Directors’ share interests
(a) Shareholdings
The number of Ordinary shares of the Company in which Directors held beneficial interests at 31 March 2012 and 31 March 2011 were:

Director

Martin Angle 
Gerard Connell
Colin Drummond 
David Dupont 
Ken Harvey
Chris Loughlin 
Dinah Nichols 

2012 Ordinary shares
(40.7p each) 

2011 Ordinary shares
(40.7p each)

–
4,000
288,163
262,671
26,209
97,745
4,549

–
4,000
263,225 
237,945
18,209
58,534
4,549

Since 31 March 2012 1,991 additional Ordinary shares (40.7p each) in the Company have been acquired by Chris Loughlin as a result of 
participation in the Company’s Scrip Dividend Alternative and the Company’s Share Incentive Plan and 212 additional Ordinary shares 
(40.7p each) in the Company have been acquired by David Dupont as a result of dividend reinvestment in an ISA. There have been no 
other changes in the beneficial interests or the non-beneficial interests of the Directors in the Ordinary shares of the Company between 
1 April 2012 and 8 June 2012.

58  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

b) Performance and Co-investment Plan (long-term incentive plan)
In addition to the above beneficial interests, the following Directors have or had a contingent interest in the number of Ordinary shares 
(40.7p each) of the Company shown below, representing the maximum number of shares to which they would become entitled under  
the plan should the relevant criteria be met in full:

Director and 
date of award 
Colin Drummond
10/7/08 
1/7/09 
2/7/10
1/7/11
David Dupont
10/7/08 
1/7/09
2/7/10
1/7/11
Chris Loughlin
10/7/08 
1/7/09 
2/7/10
1/7/11

Conditional 
awards 
held at 
1 April 2011 

Conditional 
awards 
made in 
year 

Market 
price upon 
award in 
year 

Vesting in 
year 

Value of 
shares upon 
vesting 
(before tax) 
£000

Conditional 
awards 
held at 
31 March 2012 

Date of end 
of period for 
qualifying 
conditions to 
be fulfilled

51,764
67,831 
63,186
–

51,764 
67,831 
63,186
–

49,411 
64,748 
63,186
–

–
–
–
51,432

– 
–
–
51,432

– 
–
–
51,432

637.50p 
486.50p
546.00p
698.00p

637.50p 
486.50p
546.00p
698.00p

637.50p 
486.50p
546.00p
698.00p

29,118* 
– 
–
–

29,118* 

–
–
–

27,795* 

–
–
–

199 
– 
–
–

199
–
–
–

190
– 
–
–

–
67,831
63,186
51,432

–
67,831
63,186
51,432

–
64,748
63,186
51,432

9/7/11
30/6/12
1/7/13
1/7/14

9/7/11
30/6/12
1/7/13
1/7/14

9/7/11
30/6/12
1/7/13
1/7/14

*  50.0% of the 10 July 2008 award shares vested on 10 July 2011 as explained in the section (iii) ‘Long-term incentive plan’ on page 54 of this report at 
a market price of £6.85 per share. The total number of shares that vested included additional shares equivalent in value to such number of shares as 
could have been acquired by reinvesting the dividends which would otherwise have been received on the vested shares during the Restricted Period  
of three years. The balance of the award lapsed.

(c) Annual Incentive Bonus Plan – Deferred Bonus Shares (long-term incentive element)
The following Directors have a contingent interest in the number of Ordinary shares (40.7p each) of the Company shown below, 
representing the total number of shares to which they would become entitled under the deferred bonus element of the Annual Incentive 
Bonus Plan (the Bonus Plan) at the end of the relevant qualifying period:

Director and 
date of award 
Colin Drummond
27/6/08
29/9/09*
27/7/10
27/7/11
David Dupont
27/6/08
29/9/09*
27/2/10
27/7/10
27/7/11
Chris Loughlin
27/6/08
29/9/09*
27/2/10
27/7/10
27/7/11

Conditional 
awards 
held at 
1 April 2011 

Conditional 
awards 
made in 
year 

Market 
price upon 
award in 
year 

Vesting in 
year 

Value of 
shares upon 
vesting 
(before tax) 
£000

Conditional 
awards 
held at 
31 March 2012 

Date of end 
of period for 
qualifying 
conditions to 
be fulfilled

22,838
16,730
27,091
–

21,145
17,880
755
25,938
–

18,806
19,562
1,261
25,133
–

–
–
–
23,079

–
–
–
–
22,365

–
–
–
–
22,141

620.00p
473.40p
572.50p
725.00p

620.00p
473.40p
524.50p
572.50p
725.00p

620.00p
473.40p
524.50p
572.50p
725.00p

22,838*
–
–
–

21,145*
–
–
–
–

18,806*
–
–
–
–

151
–
–
–

139
–
–
–
–

124
–
–
–
–

–
16,730
27,091
23,079

–
17,880
755
25,938
22,365

–
19,562
1,261
25,133
22,141

26/6/11
28/9/12
26/7/13
26/7/14

26/6/11
28/9/12
26/2/13
26/7/13
26/7/14

26/6/11
28/9/12
26/2/13
26/7/13
26/7/14

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*  In addition to the awards made on 29 September 2009 the Directors also received options pursuant to the Company’s Executive Share Option 

Scheme (the ESOS), details of which are set out in the table of paragraph (d) on page 60. These awards were made in conjunction with the operation 
of the Bonus Plan. In the event that the ESOS options are exercised by the Directors, shares from the Bonus Plan equivalent in value to the gain on 
the ESOS options will be forfeited. Further details of the operation of the ESOS in relation to the Bonus Plan are set out in paragraph (ii) ‘Performance-
related bonus’ on page 53.

During the year the Directors received dividends on the above shares in accordance with the conditions of the Bonus Plan as follows: 
Colin Drummond £16,473; David Dupont £16,409; Chris Loughlin £16,536. 
Chris Loughlin also received Ordinary shares (40.7p each) in the Company as a result of participation in the Company’s Scrip Dividend 
Alternative and these shares are included in the figure given for the additional Ordinary shares (40.7p each) in the Company that he 
acquired since 31 March 2012 given on page 58.
A further conditional award of shares will be made in 2012/13 to the value of the amount of the performance-related cash bonus shown  
in the Emoluments of Directors table on page 57. Paragraph (ii) ‘Performance-related bonus’ on page 53 sets out the provisions relating  
to the conditional award of shares pursuant to the Bonus Plan.

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(d) Executive Share Option Scheme
The following Directors have a contingent interest in the number of options in the Ordinary shares (40.7p each) of the Company pursuant 
to the Company’s Executive Share Option Scheme shown below. Further details relating to the operation of the Scheme are set out in 
paragraph (ii) ‘Performance-related bonus’ on page 54.

Director and
date of grant
Colin Drummond 
29/9/09
David Dupont 
29/9/09
Chris Loughlin 
29/9/09

Options
held at  
1 April 2011

Granted in
year

Exercised
in year

6,337

6,337

6,337 

–

–

–

–

–

–

Exercise
price per
share

473.40p

473.40p

473.40p

Market
price of
each
share on
exercising

Market
value of
each
share at
31 March
2012

Options
held at
31 March
2012

Maturity
date

–

–

– 

711.50p

6,337

28/9/12

711.50p

6,337

28/9/12

711.50p

6,337

28/9/12

(e) Sharesave Scheme
Details of options to subscribe for Ordinary shares (40.7p each) of the Company under the all-employee Sharesave Scheme were:

Director and
date of grant
Colin Drummond 
6/7/09
David Dupont 
3/7/07 
Chris Loughlin 
3/7/07 

Options
held at
1 April 2011

Granted
in year

Exercised
in year

2,351

3,136

3,136

–

–

–

–

–

–

Exercise
price per
share

386.00p

522.00p

522.00p

Market
price of
each
share on
exercising

Market
value
of each
share at
31 March
2012

Options
held at
31 March
2012

Exercise period/
maturity date

–

–

–

711.50p

2,351

1/9/12 – 28/2/13

711.50p

3,136

1/9/12 – 28/2/13

711.50p

3,136

1/9/12 – 28/2/13

(f) Share price
The market price of the Ordinary shares (40.7p each) of the Company at 31 March 2012 was 711.50p (2011 625.00p) and the range 
during the year was 620.00p to 737.50p (2010/11 482.90p to 650.00p).
Basis of preparation 
The Remuneration report has been prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 and The Large and Medium-sized 
Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 (the Regulations) and meets the relevant requirements of the FSA 
Listing Rules. In accordance with the Regulations, the following sections of the Remuneration report are subject to audit: Emoluments of 
Directors; Executive Directors’ Pensions; and Directors’ Share Interests (including long-term incentive plan and bonus plan awards and 
their vesting criteria and executive share options and sharesave) for which the independent auditors’ opinion thereon is expressed on 
page 61. The other sections are not subject to audit nor are the pages referred to from within the audited sections. 
The Remuneration report was approved by the Board of Directors and signed on its behalf by
Martin Angle
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee
18 June 2012

60  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Governance 

Independent auditors’ report

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Pennon Group Plc
We have audited the financial statements of Pennon Group Plc for the year ended 31 March 2012 which comprise Consolidated income 
statement, the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the Group and Company Balance sheets, the Group and Company 
Statements of changes in equity, the Group and Company Cash flow statements and the related notes. The financial reporting framework 
that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the 
European Union and, as regards the Company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies 
Act 2006.
Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors 
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement set out on page 51, the directors are responsible for the preparation 
of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion 
on the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards 
require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors. 
This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only for the Company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 
of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose. We do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume responsibility for 
any other purpose or to any other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may come save where expressly agreed 
by our prior consent in writing.
Scope of the audit of the financial statements 
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give reasonable 
assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an 
assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Group’s and the Company’s circumstances and have been 
consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the directors; and the 
overall presentation of the financial statements. In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial information in the annual report 
and accounts to identify material inconsistencies with the audited financial statements. If we become aware of any apparent material 
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.
Opinion on financial statements 
In our opinion: 
•	 the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Company’s affairs as at 31 March 2012 and  

of the Group’s profit and Group’s and Company’s cash flows for the year then ended;

•	 the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; 
•	 the Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and  

as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and

•	 the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and, as regards the 

Group financial statements, Article 4 of the lAS Regulation. 

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion: 
•	 the part of the Directors’ remuneration report to be audited has been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006;
•	 the information given in the Directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the 

financial statements; and

•	 the information given in the corporate governance statement set out on pages 42 to 43 and 46 to 51 with respect to internal control 

and risk management systems and about share capital structures is consistent with the financial statements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following: 
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion: 
•	 adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from 

branches not visited by us; or 

•	 the Company financial statements and the part of the Directors’ remuneration report to be audited are not in agreement with the 

accounting records and returns; or 

•	 certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•	 we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or
•	 a corporate governance statement has not been prepared by the Company. 
Under the Listing Rules we are required to review: 
•	 the Directors’ statement, set out on page 26, in relation to going concern;
•	 the parts of the corporate governance statement relating to the Company’s compliance with the nine provisions of the UK Corporate 

Governance Code specified for our review; and

•	 certain elements of the report to shareholders by the Board on directors’ remuneration.
David Charles (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors
Bristol
18 June 2012

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  61  

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Financial statements 
Consolidated income statement 
For the year ended 31 March 2012 

Revenue  
Operating costs  
Manpower costs  
Raw materials and consumables used  
Other operating expenses  
Depreciation and amortisation 
Operating profit  
Finance income  
Finance costs  
Net finance costs 
Share of post-tax profit from joint ventures  
Profit before tax  
Taxation  
Profit for the year  
Profit attributable to equity shareholders  

Earnings per share (pence per share)  
– Basic  
– Diluted  

The notes on pages 67 to 111 form part of these financial statements. 

2012 
£m 
1,233.1 

2011 
£m 
1,159.2 

Notes 
5 
6 

(155.4) 
(133.9) 
(528.0) 
(147.0) 
268.8 
119.3 
(191.6) 
(72.3) 
4.0 
200.5 
(28.1) 
172.4 
172.4 

(148.3) 
(121.6) 
(486.7) 
(141.7) 
260.9 
45.1 
(121.8) 
(76.7) 
4.3 
188.5 
(16.9) 
171.6 
171.6 

48.1 
47.8 

48.4 
48.1 

5 
7 
7 
7 
19 
5 
8 

10 

62  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
For the year ended 31 March 2012 

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive loss 
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes 
Net fair value losses on cash flow hedges 
Share of other comprehensive loss from joint ventures 
Deferred tax credit/(charge) on items taken directly to or transferred from equity  
Other comprehensive loss for the year net of tax 
Total comprehensive income for the year 
Total comprehensive income attributable to equity shareholders  

The notes on pages 67 to 111 form part of these financial statements. 

Notes 

28  

19  
8, 29  
34  

2012 
£m 
172.4 

(51.7) 
(24.7) 
(5.4) 
16.0 
(65.8) 
106.6 
106.6 

2011 
£m 
171.6 

2.4 
(0.1) 
(3.0) 
(3.3) 
(4.0) 
167.6 
167.6 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements 
Balance sheets  
At 31 March 2012 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Other non-current assets  
Financial assets at fair value through profit 
Deferred tax assets 
Derivative financial instruments 
Investments in subsidiary undertakings 
Investments in joint ventures 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit 
Derivative financial instruments 
Current tax recoverable 
Cash and cash deposits 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Borrowings 
Derivative financial instruments 
Trade and other payables 
Current tax liabilities 
Provisions 

Net current assets/(liabilities)  
Non-current liabilities 
Borrowings 
Other non-current liabilities 
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit 
Derivative financial instruments 
Retirement benefit obligations 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Provisions 

Net assets 
Shareholders’ equity 
Share capital 
Share premium account 
Capital redemption reserve 
Retained earnings and other reserves 
Total shareholders’ equity 

Group 

Company 

Notes 

2012 
£m 

14 
15 
16 
18 

29 
22 
19 
19 

20 
21 

22 
25 
23 

26 
22 
24 
25 
30 

26 
27 

22 
28 
29 
30 

31 
32 
33 
34 

327.1 
17.5 
3,082.8 
138.4 
– 
– 
21.9 
– 
0.1 
3,587.8 

9.0 
238.4 
0.5 
9.7 
– 
425.3 
682.9 

(325.5) 
(16.6) 
(242.5) 
(59.7) 
(25.6) 
(669.9) 
13.0 

(2,204.4) 
(76.9) 
(16.7) 
(32.0) 
(98.6) 
(273.8) 
(76.3) 
(2,778.7) 
822.1 

148.2 
8.0 
144.2 
521.7 
822.1 

2011 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 

300.4 
4.4 
2,922.7 
116.0 
2.6 
– 
– 
– 
1.5 
3,347.6 

7.2 
219.0 
0.9 
6.9 
– 
555.5 
789.5 

(99.2) 
(5.3) 
(253.5) 
(79.5) 
(16.3) 
(453.8) 
335.7 

(2,390.1) 
(30.4) 
– 
(16.3) 
(85.8) 
(292.5) 
(88.7) 
(2,903.8) 
779.5 

147.0 
9.2 
144.2 
479.1 
779.5 

2012 
£m 

2011 
£m 

– 
– 
0.2 
352.0 
– 
4.6 
– 
1,172.1 
– 
1,528.9 

– 
91.7 
– 
8.9 
2.6 
158.9 
262.1 

(534.4) 
– 
(10.8) 
– 
– 
(545.2) 
(283.1) 

(356.8) 
(8.7) 
– 
– 
(7.8) 
– 
– 
(373.3) 
872.5 

148.2 
8.0 
144.2 
572.1 
872.5 

– 
– 
0.3 
367.7 
– 
4.2 
– 
1,032.0 
– 
1,404.2 

– 
92.7 
– 
6.6 
1.7 
236.6 
337.6 

(316.1) 
– 
(11.1) 
– 
– 
(327.2) 
10.4 

(572.9) 
(8.7) 
– 
– 
(6.8) 
– 
– 
(588.4) 
826.2 

147.0 
9.2 
144.2 
525.8 
826.2 

The notes on pages 67 to 111 form part of these financial statements.  

The financial statements on pages 62 to 111 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 18 June 2012 and 
were signed on its behalf by: 

K G Harvey  
Chairman 
Pennon Group Plc 
Registered Office: Peninsula House, Rydon Lane, Exeter, Devon, England EX2 7HR. Registered in England Number 2366640 

64  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements 
Statements of changes in equity 
For the year ended 31 March 2012 

Group 
At 1 April 2010 
Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income for the year 
Transactions with equity shareholders 
Dividends paid 
Adjustment for shares issued under  
the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Adjustment in respect of share-based payments (net of tax)
Transfer from hedging reserve to property,  
plant and equipment 
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued 
Total transactions with equity shareholders 
At 31 March 2011 
Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income for the year 
Transactions with equity shareholders 
Dividends paid 
Adjustment for shares issued under  
the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Adjustment in respect of share-based payments (net of tax)
Own shares acquired by the Pennon Employee Share Trust 
in respect of share options granted 
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued 
Total transactions with equity shareholders 
At 31 March 2012 

Company 
At 1 April 2010 
Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive income for the year 
Total comprehensive income for the year 
Transactions with equity shareholders 
Dividends paid 
Adjustment for shares issued under  
the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Adjustment in respect of share-based payments (net of tax)
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued 
Total transactions with equity shareholders 
At 31 March 2011 
Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income for the year 
Transactions with equity shareholders 
Dividends paid 
Adjustment for shares issued under  
the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Adjustment in respect of share-based payments (net of tax)
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued 
Total transactions with equity shareholders 
At 31 March 2012 

Share 
capital 
(Note 31) 
£m 
145.3 
– 
– 
– 

– 

1.7 
– 

– 
– 
1.7 
147.0 
– 
– 
– 

– 

1.2 
– 

– 
– 
1.2 
148.2 

Share 
capital 
(Note 31) 
£m 
145.3 
– 
– 
– 

– 

1.7 
– 
– 
1.7 
147.0 
– 
– 
– 

– 

1.2 
– 
– 
1.2 
148.2 

The notes on pages 67 to 111 form part of these financial statements.

Share 
premium 
account 
(Note 32) 
£m 
10.9 
– 
– 
– 

Capital 
redemption 
reserve 
(Note 33) 
£m 
144.2 
– 
– 
– 

Retained 
earnings and 
other reserves 
(Note 34) 
£m 
362.5 
171.6 
(4.0) 
167.6 

Total 
equity 
£m 
662.9 
171.6 
(4.0) 
167.6 

– 

(1.7) 
– 

– 
– 
(1.7) 
9.2 
– 
– 
– 

– 

(1.2) 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
144.2 
– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 
– 
(1.2) 
8.0 
Share 
premium 
account 
(Note 32) 
£m 
10.9 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
144.2 
Capital 
redemption 
reserve 
(Note 33) 
£m 
144.2 
– 
– 
– 

(79.6) 

(79.6) 

22.8 
3.9 

0.3 
1.6 
(51.0) 
479.1 
172.4 
(65.8) 
106.6 

22.8 
3.9 

0.3 
1.6 
(51.0) 
779.5 
172.4 
(65.8) 
106.6 

(88.2) 

(88.2) 

19.1 
3.5 

(0.3) 
1.9 
(64.0) 
521.7 
Retained 
earnings and 
other reserves 
(Note 34) 
£m 
487.4 
90.1 
2.7 
92.8 

19.1 
3.5 

(0.3) 
1.9 
(64.0) 
822.1 

Total 
equity 
£m 
787.8 
90.1 
2.7 
92.8 

– 

(1.7) 
– 
– 
(1.7) 
9.2 
– 
– 
– 

– 

(1.2) 
– 
– 
(1.2) 
8.0 

– 

(79.6) 

(79.6) 

– 
– 
– 
– 
144.2 
– 
– 
– 

22.8 
0.8 
1.6 
(54.4) 
525.8 
116.3 
(3.6) 
112.7 

22.8 
0.8 
1.6 
(54.4) 
826.2 
116.3 
(3.6) 
112.7 

– 

(88.2) 

(88.2) 

– 
– 
– 
– 
144.2 

19.1 
0.8 
1.9 
(66.4) 
572.1 

19.1 
0.8 
1.9 
(66.4) 
872.5 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  65 

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Financial statements 
Cash flow statements 
For the year ended 31 March 2012 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Cash generated/(outflow) from operations  
Interest paid  
Tax (paid)/received 
Net cash generated/(outflow) from operating activities  
Cash flows from investing activities 
Interest received  
Dividends received  
Acquisition of subsidiary undertakings  
(net of cash acquired)  
Investments in subsidiary undertakings  
Loans advanced to joint ventures  
Loan repayments received from joint ventures 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment  
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment  
Net cash (used in)/received from investing activities  
Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued  
Purchase of Ordinary shares by the Pennon  
Employee Share Trust 
Deposit of restricted funds (net)  
Proceeds from new borrowing  
Repayment of borrowings  
Finance lease sale and lease back  
Finance lease principal repayments 
Dividends paid  
Net cash (used in)/received from financing activities  
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash 
equivalents  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year  

Notes 

35 

37 

Group 

2012 
£m 

324.7 
(74.5) 
(41.4) 
208.8 

13.2 
– 

(29.2) 
– 
(13.4) 
3.6 
(262.2) 
4.6 
(283.4) 

2011 
£m 

376.2 
(78.2) 
(43.2) 
254.8 

14.4 
– 

(25.1) 
– 
(12.5) 
3.5 
(190.3) 
4.7 
(205.3) 

Company 

2012 
£m 

18.9 
(22.7) 
2.6 
(1.2) 

23.3 
117.5 

– 
(140.1) 
– 
– 
– 
– 
0.7 

2011 
£m 

(44.2) 
(22.0) 
(0.3) 
(66.5) 

20.9 
93.1 

– 
– 
– 
– 
(0.2) 
– 
113.8 

31 

1.9 

1.6 

1.9 

1.6 

(0.3) 
(0.1) 
25.0 
(71.0) 
79.5 
(14.0) 
(69.1) 
(48.1) 

(122.7) 
414.9 
292.2 

– 
(30.8) 
187.0 
(104.6) 
– 
(20.5) 
(56.8) 
(24.1) 

25.4 
389.5 
414.9 

– 
– 
25.0 
(35.0) 
– 
– 
(69.1) 
(77.2) 

(77.7) 
235.2 
157.5 

– 
– 
139.9 
(70.0) 
– 
– 
(56.8) 
14.7 

62.0 
173.2 
235.2 

23 
23 

The notes on pages 67 to 111 form part of these financial statements.  

66  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements 
Notes to the financial statements 

1. General information 
Pennon Group Plc is a company registered in the United Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006. The address of the registered office  
is given on page 64. Pennon Group’s business is operated through two main subsidiaries. South West Water Limited holds the water and 
sewerage services appointments for Devon, Cornwall and parts of Dorset and Somerset. Viridor Limited’s business is recycling, renewable 
energy and waste management. 

2. Principal accounting policies 
The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been 
consistently applied to all the years presented. 

(a) Basis of preparation 
These financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost accounting basis (except for fair value items, principally acquisitions, 
transfers of assets from customers and derivatives as described in accounting policy note (b), (w) and (n) respectively) and in accordance  
with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Financial Reporting Standards Interpretations Committee 
interpretations as adopted by the European Union, and with those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting 
under IFRS. A summary of the principal accounting policies is set out below, together with an explanation where changes have been  
made to previous policies on the adoption of new accounting standards and interpretations in the year. 

The going concern basis has been adopted in preparing these financial statements as stated by the Directors on page 51. 

New or revised standards or interpretations which were mandatory for the first time in the year beginning 1 April 2011 did not have  
a material impact on the net assets or results of the Group. 

At the date of approval of these financial statements IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements and IAS 19 (Revised) Employee Benefits were in issue, 
but not yet effective. Other standards and interpretations in issue, but not yet effective, are not expected to have a material effect on the 
Group’s net assets or results. 

IFRS 11 is relevant to the Group, but it is not expected to have a material effect on the results or net assets, as the Group currently 
consolidates joint ventures on an equity basis. 

The Directors anticipate that the adoption of IAS 19 ‘Employee benefits’ revised, expected on 1 April 2013, will potentially have a material 
impact, dependent upon market conditions, on the financial statements of the Group. The revised standard is expected to increase net 
finance costs and operating costs. The extent of this impact is currently being assessed. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of estimates and assumptions which affect the reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the 
reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s best assessment of the amounts, actual events or actions and 
results may ultimately differ from those estimates. 

(b) Basis of consolidation 
The Group financial statements include the results of Pennon Group Plc and its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associate undertakings. 

The results of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associate undertakings are included from the date of acquisition or incorporation, and 
excluded from the date of disposal. The results of subsidiaries are consolidated where the Group has the power to control the financial  
and operating policies of a subsidiary. The results of joint ventures and associate undertakings are accounted for on an equity basis. 

Intra-group trading and loan balances and transactions are eliminated on consolidation. 

The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for the purchase of subsidiaries. The excess of the value transferred to the seller 
in return for control of the acquired business, together with the fair value of any previously held equity interest in that business over the 
Group’s share of the fair value of the identifiable net assets, is recorded as goodwill.  

(c) Revenue recognition 
Revenue represents the fair value of consideration receivable, excluding value added tax, trade discounts and inter company sales,  
in the ordinary course of business for goods and services provided. 

Revenue is recognised once the services or goods have been provided to the customer. 

Income from main water and waste water charges includes billed amounts for estimated usage and also an estimation of the amount  
of unbilled charges at the year-end based upon a defined methodology reflecting historical consumption and current tariffs. 

Income from electricity generated from waste management landfill gas production during the year includes an estimation of the amount  
to be received under Renewables Obligation Certificates. 

Accrued income from waste management contracts at the balance sheet date is recognised using management’s expectation of amounts 
to be subsequently billed for services rendered to the client in accordance with the terms of the contract. 

Income from recycling activities within waste management includes amounts based upon market prices for recyclate products and 
industry schemes for waste electrical and electronic equipment (‘WEEE’ notes) and packaging volumes (‘PRNs’) processed. 

Revenue from long-term service concession arrangements is recognised based on the fair value of work performed. Where an 
arrangement includes more than one service, such as construction and operation of waste management facilities, revenue and profit  
are recognised in proportion to a fair value assessment of the total contract value split across the services provided. 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  67 

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Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

2. Principal accounting policies continued 
(d) Landfill tax 
Landfill tax is included within both revenue and operating costs.  

(e) Segmental reporting  
Each of the Group’s business segments provides services which are subject to risks and returns which are different from those of the 
other business segments. The Group’s internal organisation and management structure and its system of internal financial reporting is 
based primarily on business segments. The principal business segments comprise the regulated water and sewerage services undertaken 
by South West Water Limited and the waste management business of Viridor Limited. Segmental revenue and results include transactions 
between businesses. Inter-segmental transactions are eliminated on consolidation. 

(f) Goodwill 
Goodwill arising on consolidation from the acquisition of subsidiary and joint venture undertakings represents the excess of the purchase 
consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired. 

Goodwill is recognised as an asset and reviewed for impairment at least annually. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the income 
statement and is not subsequently reversed. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is 
allocated to each of the cash generating units or group of cash generating units, that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the 
combination. Each unit or group of units to which goodwill is allocated represents the lowest level within the entity at which the goodwill is 
monitored for internal reporting purposes. Goodwill is monitored at the operating segment level. Further details are contained in accounting 
policy (j). 

When a subsidiary or joint venture undertaking is sold, the profit or loss on disposal is determined after including the attributable amount  
of unamortised goodwill. 

Goodwill arising on acquisitions before 1 April 2004 (the Group’s date of transition to IFRS) has been retained at the previous UK GAAP 
amounts, subject to annual testing for impairment. Goodwill written-off to reserves under UK GAAP prior to 1998 was not reinstated on 
transition to IFRS and will not be included in determining any subsequent profit or loss on disposal. 

(g) Other intangible assets 
Other intangible assets acquired in a business combination are capitalised at fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial 
recognition, finite life intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful economic lives, with the expense 
charged to the income statement through operating costs. 

(h) Property, plant and equipment 
i) Infrastructure assets (being water mains and sewers, impounding and pumped raw water storage reservoirs, dams, pipelines 
and sea outfalls) 
Infrastructure assets were included at fair value on transition to IFRS and subsequent additions are recorded at cost less accumulated 
depreciation. Expenditure to increase capacity or enhance infrastructure assets is capitalised where it can be reliably measured and it is 
probable that incremental future economic benefits will flow to the Group. The cost of day-to-day servicing of infrastructure components  
is recognised in the income statement as it arises. 

Infrastructure assets are depreciated evenly over their useful economic lives, and are principally:  

Dams and impounding reservoirs 
Water mains 
Sewers 

200 years 
40 – 100 years 
40 – 100 years 

Assets in the course of construction are not depreciated until commissioned. 

ii) Landfill sites  
Landfill sites are included within land and buildings at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes acquisition and development 
expenses. The cost of a landfill site is depreciated to its residual value (which is linked to gas production at the site post-closure) over  
its estimated operational life taking account of the usage of void space. 

iii) Landfill restoration 
Where the obligation to restore a landfill site is an integral part of its future economic benefits, a non-current asset within property, plant  
and equipment is recognised. The asset recognised is depreciated based on the usage of void space. 

iv) Other assets (including property, overground plant and equipment) 
Other assets are included at cost less accumulated depreciation. 

Freehold land is not depreciated. Other assets are depreciated evenly to their residual value over their estimated economic lives, and  
are principally: 

Land and buildings – Freehold buildings 
Land and buildings – Leasehold buildings 

Operational properties 
Fixed plant 
Vehicles, mobile plant and computers 

30 – 60 years 
Over their estimated economic lives or the finance lease period, whichever  
is the shorter 
40 – 80 years 
20 – 40 years 
3 – 10 years 

68  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
2. Principal accounting policies continued 
(h) Property, plant and equipment continued 
Assets in the course of construction are not depreciated until commissioned. 

The cost of assets includes directly attributable labour and overhead costs which are incremental to the Group. Borrowing costs directly 
attributable to the construction of a qualifying asset (an asset necessarily taking a substantial period of time to be prepared for its intended 
use) are capitalised as part of the asset. 

Asset lives and residual values are reviewed annually. 

Gains and losses on disposal are determined by comparing sale proceeds with carrying amounts. These are included in the  
income statement. 

(i) Leased assets 
Assets held under finance leases are included as property, plant and equipment at the lower of their fair value at commencement or  
the present value of the minimum lease payments, and are depreciated over their estimated economic lives or the finance lease period, 
whichever is the shorter. The corresponding liability is recorded as borrowings. The interest element of the rental costs is charged against 
profits using the actuarial method over the period of the lease. 

Rental costs arising under operating leases are charged against profits in the year they are incurred. 

(j) Impairment of non-financial assets 
Assets with an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or whenever events or changes 
in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. 

Assets subject to amortisation or depreciation are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amount may not be recoverable. 

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which an asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable 
amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value, less costs to sell, and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are 
grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). Value in use represents the 
present value of projected future cash flows expected to be derived from a cash-generating unit, discounted using a pre-tax discount  
rate which reflects an assessment of the market cost of capital of the cash-generating unit. 

Impairments are charged to the income statement in the year in which they arise. 

(k) Investment in subsidiary undertakings 
Investments in subsidiary undertakings are initially recorded at cost, being the fair value of the consideration paid. Subsequently, 
investments are reviewed for impairment on an individual basis annually or if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying 
value may not be fully recoverable. 

(l) Investment in joint ventures 
Joint ventures are entities over which the Group exercises joint control. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity 
method of accounting. Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s share of the fair values of the identifiable net assets of the 
joint venture at the date of acquisition is recognised as goodwill and is included in the carrying value of the investment in the joint venture. 

The carrying value of the Group’s investment is adjusted for the Group’s share of post-acquisition profits or losses recognised in the 
income statement and statement of comprehensive income. Losses of a joint venture in excess of the Group’s interest are not recognised 
unless the Group has a legal or constructive obligation to fund those losses. 

(m) Cash and cash deposits 
Cash and cash deposits comprise cash in hand and short-term deposits held at banks. Bank overdrafts are shown within current 
borrowings.  

(n) Derivatives and other financial instruments 
The Group classifies its financial instruments in the following categories: 

i) Loans and receivables 
All loans and borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Following initial recognition interest-bearing 
loans and borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the instruments are derecognised or impaired. Premia, discounts and 
other costs and fees are recognised in the income statement through the amortisation process. 

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least  
12 months after the balance sheet date. 

The fair value of the liability component of a convertible bond is determined using the market interest rate for an equivalent non-convertible 
bond. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortised cost basis using the effective interest method until extinguished on conversion 
or maturity of the bonds. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the conversion option. This is recognised in shareholders’ equity. 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  69 

 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

2. Principal accounting policies continued 
(n) Derivatives and other financial instruments continued 
ii) Trade receivables 
Trade receivables do not carry any interest receivable and are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using  
the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment of trade receivables is established when there is 
objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original terms of the receivables. 

iii) Trade payables 
Trade payables are not interest-bearing and are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using  
the effective interest method. 

iv) Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities 
The Group uses derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps and foreign exchange forward contracts, to hedge risks 
associated with interest rate and exchange rate fluctuations. Derivative instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date the 
derivative contract is entered into and subsequently remeasured at fair value for the reported balance sheet. 

The Group designates certain hedging derivatives as either: 

– a hedge of a highly probable forecast transaction or change in the cash flows of a recognised asset or liability (a cash flow hedge) or 

– a hedge of the exposure to change in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability (a fair value hedge). 

The gain or loss on remeasurement is recognised to the income statement except for cash flow hedges which meet the conditions  
for hedge accounting, when the portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument which is determined to be an effective hedge  
is recognised directly in equity, and the ineffective portion in the income statement. The gains or losses deferred in equity in this way  
are subsequently recognised in the income statement in the same period in which the hedged underlying transaction or firm commitment 
is recognised in the income statement. 

In order to qualify for hedge accounting the Group is required to document in advance the relationship between the item being hedged 
and the hedging instrument. The Group is also required to document and demonstrate an assessment of the relationship between the 
hedged item and the hedging instrument which shows that the hedge will be highly effective on an ongoing basis. This effectiveness 
testing is reperformed at the end of each reporting period to ensure that the hedge remains highly effective. 

Where a non-derivative transaction or series of transactions with the same counterparty has the aggregate effect in substance of a 
derivative instrument, the transaction or series of transactions shall be recognised as a single derivative instrument at fair value with 
associated movements recorded in the income statement. 

The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item  
is more than one year, and as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item is less than one year. 

Derivative financial instruments which do not qualify for hedge accounting are classified as a current asset or liability with any change  
in fair value recognised immediately in the income statement. 

v) Financial assets at fair value through profit 
Financial assets at fair value through profit reflect the fair value movement of the hedged risk on a hedged item which has been designated 
in a fair value hedging relationship. The fair values of these financial assets are initially recognised on the date the hedging relationship  
is entered into and subsequently remeasured at each subsequent balance sheet date. The gain or loss on remeasurement for the period  
is recognised in the income statement. 

(o) Taxation including deferred tax 
The tax charge for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it 
relates to items recognised in the statement of comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in the 
statement of comprehensive income or directly in equity. 

Current tax is calculated on the basis of tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Management periodically 
evaluates tax items subject to interpretation and establishes full provisions on individual tax items where in the judgement of management 
the position is uncertain. 

Deferred tax is provided in full on temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and 
the tax base, except if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction, other than a business combination, that at the 
time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is 
probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the assets can be realised. Deferred tax is determined using the tax rates 
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date, and expected to apply when the deferred tax liability is settled or the deferred 
tax asset is realised. 

70  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
2. Principal accounting policies continued 
(p) Provisions 
Provisions are made where there is a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that there will be 
an outflow of economic benefits to settle this obligation and a reliable estimate of this amount can be made. Where the effect of the time 
value of money is material the current amount of a provision is the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle 
obligations. The unwinding of the discount to present value is included as notional interest within finance costs. 

The Group’s policies on provisions for specific areas are: 

i) Landfill restoration costs 
Provisions for the cost of restoring landfill sites are made when the obligation arises. Where the obligation recognised as a provision gives 
access to future economic benefits, an asset in property, plant and equipment is recognised. Provisions are otherwise charged against 
profits based on the usage of void space. 

ii) Environmental control and aftercare costs 
Environmental control and aftercare costs are incurred during the operational life of each landfill site and for a considerable period 
thereafter. Provision for all such costs is made over the operational life of the site and charged to the income statement on the basis  
of the usage of void space at the site. 

iii) Restructuring costs 
Provisions for restructuring costs are recognised when a detailed formal plan for the restructuring has been communicated to  
affected parties. 

(q) Share capital and treasury shares 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. 

Where the Company purchases the Company’s equity share capital (treasury shares) the consideration paid, including any directly 
attributable costs, is deducted from equity until the shares are cancelled or re-issued. Where such shares are subsequently re-issued  
any consideration received, net of any directly attributable transaction costs, is included in equity. 

The Group balance sheet includes the shares held by the Pennon Employee Share Trust, relating to employee share-based payments, 
which have not vested at the balance sheet date. These are shown as a deduction from shareholders’ equity until such time as they vest. 

(r) Dividend distributions  
Dividend distributions are recognised as a liability in the financial statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the 
Company’s shareholders. Interim dividends are recognised when paid; final dividends when approved by shareholders at the Annual 
General Meeting. 

(s) Employee benefits 
i) Retirement benefit obligations 
The Group operates defined benefit and defined contribution pension schemes. 

Defined benefit pension schemes 
Defined benefit pension scheme assets are measured using bid price. Defined benefit pension scheme liabilities are measured by 
independent actuaries who advise on the selection of Directors’ best estimates. The projected unit credit method is employed and liabilities 
discounted at the current rate of return on high quality corporate bonds of equivalent term to the liabilities. The increase in liabilities of the 
Group’s defined benefit pension schemes expected to arise from employee service in the year is charged against operating profit. 

The expected return on scheme assets and the increase during the year in the present value of scheme liabilities are shown in notional 
interest within finance income and cost. 

Changes in benefits granted by the employer are recognised immediately in income, in past service cost. 

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience items and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity in the 
statement of comprehensive income. 

Defined contribution scheme 
Costs of the defined contribution pension scheme are charged to the income statement in the year in which they arise. 

ii) Share-based payment 
The Group operates a number of equity-settled share-based payment plans for employees. The fair value of the employee services 
required in exchange for the grant is recognised as an expense over the vesting period of the grant. 

Fair values are calculated using an appropriate pricing model. Non market-based vesting conditions are adjusted for in assumptions  
as to the number of shares which are expected to vest.  

(t) Pre-contract and development costs 
Pre-contract and development costs including bid costs are expensed as incurred, except where it is probable that the contract will be 
awarded or the development completed, in which case they are recognised as an asset which is amortised to the income statement over 
the life of the contract. 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

2. Principal accounting policies continued 
(u) Fair values 
The fair value of interest rate swaps is based on the market price of comparable instruments at the balance sheet date if they are  
publicly traded. 

The fair values of short-term deposits, loans and overdrafts with a maturity of less than one year are assumed to approximate to their book 
values. In the case of non-current bank loans and other loans the fair value of financial liabilities for disclosure purposes is estimated by 
discounting the future contractual cash flows at the current market interest rate available to the Group for similar financial instruments. 

(v) Service concession arrangements 
Where the provision of waste management services is performed through a contract with a public sector entity which controls a significant 
residual interest in asset infrastructure at the end of the contract, then consideration is treated as contract receivables, split between  
profit on the construction of assets, operation of the service and the provision of finance which is recognised in notional interest within 
finance income. 

(w) Transfers of assets from customers 
Where an item of property, plant and equipment that must be used to connect customers to the network is received from a customer,  
or where cash is received from a customer for the acquisition or construction of such an item, that asset is recorded and measured on 
initial recognition at its fair value. The credit created by the recognition of the asset is recognised in the income statement. The period  
over which the credit is recognised depends upon the nature of the service provided, as determined by the agreement with the customer. 
Where the service provided is solely a connection to the network, the credit is recognised at the point of connection. If the agreement  
does not specify a period, revenue is recognised over a period no longer than the economic life of the transferred asset used to provide  
the ongoing service. 

The fair value of assets on transfer from customers is determined using a cost valuation approach allowing for depreciation. 

(x) Foreign exchange 
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and 
liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated at the closing balance sheet rate. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in the 
income statement. 

72  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
3. Financial risk management 
(a) Financial risk factors 
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (interest rate risk), liquidity risk, credit risk and foreign currency risk. 
The Group’s treasury function seeks to ensure that sufficient funding is available to meet foreseeable needs, maintains reasonable 
headroom for contingencies and manages inflation and interest rate risk. 

The principal financial risks faced by the Group relate to interest rate and credit counterparty risk. 

These risks and treasury operations are managed by the Group Director of Finance in accordance with policies established by the  
Board. Major transactions are individually approved by the Board. Treasury activities are reported to the Board and are subject to review 
by internal audit. 

Financial instruments are used to raise finance, manage risk, optimise the use of surplus funds and manage overall interest rate 
performance. The Group does not engage in speculative activity. 

i) Market risk 
The Group has a policy of maintaining at least 50% of interest-bearing liabilities at fixed rates. The Group uses a combination of fixed rate 
and index-linked borrowings and fixed rate interest swaps as cash flow hedges of future variable interest payments to achieve this policy. 
At the year-end 56% of Group net borrowings were at fixed rates (including 50% of South West Water’s borrowings fixed for the period  
to March 2015) and 18% index-linked, after the impact of financial derivatives. The notional principal amounts of the interest rate swaps  
are used to determine settlement under those swaps and are not therefore an exposure for the Group. These instruments are analysed  
in notes 22 and 26. 

The interest rate for index-linked debt is based upon an RPI measure which is also used in determining the amount of income from 
customers in South West Water. 

The Group has no significant interest-bearing assets upon which the net return fluctuates from market risk. Deposit interest receivable is 
expected to fluctuate in line with interest payable on floating rate borrowings. Consequently the Group’s income and operating cash flows 
are largely independent of changes in market interest rates. 

For 2012 if interest rates on net borrowings had been on average 0.5% higher/lower with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit 
for the year would have decreased/increased by £1.3 million (2011 £1.1 million). 

For 2012 if RPI on index-linked borrowings had been on average 0.5% higher/lower with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit 
for the year would have decreased/increased by £1.8 million (2011 £1.8 million). 

Foreign currency risk occurs at transactional and translation level from borrowings and transactions in foreign currencies. These risks are 
managed through cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward contracts which provide certainty over foreign currency risk. 

ii) Liquidity risk 
The Group actively maintains a mixture of long-term and short-term committed facilities which are designed to ensure the Group has 
sufficient available funds for operations and planned expansions equivalent to at least one year’s forecast requirements at all times. Details 
of undrawn committed facilities and short-term facilities are provided in note 26. 

Refinancing risk is managed under a Group policy that permits no more than 20% of Group net borrowings to mature in any financial year. 

The Group and South West Water have entered into covenants with lenders. Whilst terms vary, these typically provide for limits on gearing 
(primarily based on South West Water Limited’s Regulatory Capital Value and Viridor Limited’s EBITDA) and interest cover.  

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  73 

 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

3. Financial risk management continued 
(a) Financial risk factors continued 
ii) Liquidity risk continued 
Contractual undiscounted cash flows, including interest payments, were: 

Group 
31 March 2012 
Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Borrowings excluding finance lease liabilities  
Interest payments on borrowings  
Finance lease liabilities including interest 
Derivative financial liabilities 
Derivative contracts – net payments 
31 March 2011 
Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Borrowings excluding finance lease liabilities  
Interest payments on borrowings  
Finance lease liabilities including interest 
Derivative financial liabilities 
Derivative contracts – net payments/(receipts) 
Company 
31 March 2012 
Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Borrowings 
Interest payments on borrowings  
31 March 2011 
Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Borrowings 
Interest payments on borrowings  

Due within 
1 year 
 £m 

Due between 
1 and 2 years 
£m 

Due between 
2 and 5 years 
£m 

Over 
5 years 
£m 

Total 
£m 

284.8 
28.4 
63.8 

96.1 
18.2 
60.8 

274.8 
40.8 
232.2 

1,371.4 
642.3 
2,214.3 

2,027.1 
729.7 
2,571.1 

15.9 

14.0 

15.7 

– 

45.6 

74.5 
35.4 
47.9 

8.1 

266.6 
35.2 
57.0 

314.8 
65.4 
215.0 

1,093.7 
569.3 
2,239.2 

1,749.6 
705.3 
2,559.1 

4.9 

(1.9) 

7.9 

19.0 

253.2 
18.2 

75.0 
7.6 

34.9 
19.2 

245.1 
17.5 

181.6 
9.5 

228.5 
10.7 

100.0 
15.0 

99.7 
12.0 

609.8 
50.3 

608.2 
59.4 

iii) Credit risk 
Credit and counterparty risk arises from cash and cash deposits, derivative financial instruments and deposits with bank and financial 
institutions, as well as exposure to customers, including outstanding receivables. Further information on the credit risk relating to trade 
receivables is given in note 21. 

Counterparty risk arises from the investment of surplus funds and from the use of derivative financial instruments. The Board has agreed  
a policy for managing such risk which is controlled through credit limits, counterparty approvals, and rigorous monitoring procedures.  
The Group has no other significant concentration of credit risk. The Group’s surplus funds are managed by the Group’s treasury function 
and are usually placed in short-term fixed interest deposits or the overnight money markets. Deposit counterparties must meet a credit 
rating threshold set by the Board of P1 (Moody’s) or A1 (Standard and Poor’s). 

74  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Financial risk management continued 
(b) Capital risk management 
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide 
returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to minimise the cost of capital. 

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure the Group seeks to maintain a balance of returns to shareholders through dividends  
and an appropriate capital structure of debt and equity for each business segment and the Group. 

The Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as net borrowings divided by total capital. Net 
borrowings are analysed in note 36 and calculated as total borrowings less cash and cash deposits. Total capital is calculated as total 
shareholders’ equity plus net borrowings. 

The gearing ratios at the balance sheet date were: 

Net borrowings (note 36) 
Total shareholders’ equity 
Total capital 
Gearing ratio 

2012 
£m 
2,104.6 
822.1 
2,926.7 

2011 
£m 
1,933.8 
779.5 
2,713.3 

71.9%

71.3%

South West Water Limited is also monitored on the basis of the ratio of its net borrowings to Regulatory Capital Value. Ofwat’s optimum 
range for gearing is 55% – 65%. 

Regulatory Capital Value  
Net borrowings  
Net borrowings/Regulatory Capital Value  

2012 
£m 
2,826.7 
1,584.9 

2011 
£m 
2,703.5 
1,542.8 

56.1%

57.1%

The Group has entered into covenants with lenders and, whilst terms vary, these typically provide for limits on gearing and interest cover.  
The Group has been in compliance with its covenants during the year. 

(c) Determination of fair values 
The Group uses the following hierarchy for determining the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique: 
•  quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) 
•  inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices)  

or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (level 2) 

•  inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) (level 3). 

The majority of the Group’s financial instruments are valued using level 2 measures as analysed in note 22. 

The fair value of financial instruments not traded in an active market (for example over-the-counter derivatives) is determined by using 
valuation techniques. A variety of methods and assumptions are used based on market conditions existing at each balance sheet date. 
Quoted market prices or dealer quotes for similar instruments are used for long-term debt. Other techniques, such as estimated 
discounted cash flows, are used to determine fair value for the remaining financial instruments. The fair value of interest rate swaps  
is calculated as the present value of the estimated future cash flows. 

The carrying values, less impairment provision, of trade receivables and payables are assumed to approximate to their fair values. The fair 
value of financial liabilities, principally environmental provisions, is estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows at the current 
market interest rate available to the Group for similar financial instruments. 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  75 

 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

4. Critical accounting judgements and estimates 
The Group’s principal accounting policies are set out in note 2. Management is required to exercise significant judgement and make use  
of estimates and assumptions in the application of these policies. 

Environmental and landfill restoration provisions 
Restoration and aftercare provisions are recognised in the financial statements at the net present value of the estimated future expenditure 
required to settle the Group’s restoration and aftercare obligations. A discount is applied to recognise the time value of money and is 
unwound over the life of the provision. This is included in the income statement as a financial item within finance costs. As at 31 March 
2012 the Group’s environmental and landfill restoration provisions were £92.7 million (note 30). 

Where a provision gives access to future economic benefits, an asset is recognised and depreciated in accordance with the Group’s 
depreciation policy. 

Retirement benefit obligations 
The Group operates defined benefit pension schemes for which actuarial valuations are carried out as determined by the trustees  
at intervals of not more than three years. The last valuation of the main scheme was at 31 March 2010. 

The pension cost and liabilities under IAS 19 are assessed in accordance with Directors’ best estimates using the advice of an 
independent qualified actuary and assumptions in the latest actuarial valuation. The assumptions are based on member data supplied to 
the actuary and market observations for interest rates and inflation, supplemented by discussions between the actuary and management. 
The mortality assumption uses a scheme-specific calculation based on CMI 2009 actuarial tables with an allowance for future longevity 
improvement. The principal assumptions used to measure schemes’ liabilities, sensitivities to changes in those assumptions and future 
funding obligations are set out in note 28 of the financial statements. 

Cash-generating units 
For the purposes of assessing impairment of goodwill, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable 
cash flows (cash-generating units). The waste management segment is considered to be a single cash-generating unit as it is an 
integrated business. The principal assumptions used to assess impairment are set out in note 14 of the financial statements. 

Taxation 
The Group corporation tax provision of £59.7 million reflects management’s judgement of the amount of tax payable for fiscal years with 
open tax computations where liabilities remain to be agreed with HM Revenue & Customs. Management periodically evaluates items 
detailed in tax returns where the tax treatment is subject to interpretation. The Group establishes provisions on a full basis for individual tax 
items where, in the judgement of management, the tax position is uncertain.  

Service concession arrangements 
Consideration from public sector entities for the operation of waste management service concessions is treated as contract receivables, 
split between profit on the construction of assets, operation of the service and provision of finance recognised as interest receivable. 
Management’s allocation between these three elements is assessed to reflect external market conditions according to the type of 
service provided. 

Site development costs 
The development of waste management facilities for new projects (such as Energy from Waste plants) are subject to obtaining planning 
permissions. Development costs are capitalised using management’s assessment of the likelihood of a successful outcome for each 
project. To the extent that planning permission is not received any capitalised development costs are expensed.  

Landfill costs 
The estimation of landfill reserves is of particular importance in assessing landfill costs, since the projected cost of a landfill site is 
depreciated over its estimated operational life taking into account the usage of void space and gas production at the site post-closure.  
The estimates of landfill reserves are regularly reviewed and updated during the financial year for usage and other events (for example  
site extensions). Estimates are also subject to physical review by external advisors.  

A number of factors impact on the depreciation of landfill reserves including the available void space, future capital expenditure and 
operating costs. The assumptions are revised as these factors change. 

The estimate of gas production at landfill sites post-closure reduces the depreciation of landfill reserves. An assessment is undertaken  
for individual sites of the historic profile of gas production during landfilling activity and the projected generation post-closure according  
to the type of waste contained in the landfill and expected profile of gas production over time. 

76  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
4. Critical accounting judgements and estimates continued 
Carrying value of property, plant and equipment 
The carrying value of property, plant and equipment as at 31 March 2012 was £3,082.8 million and the Group’s accounting policy is  
set out in note 2. In the year ended 31 March 2012 additions totalled £257.4 million and the depreciation charge was £147.5 million. 
Estimated useful economic lives of property, plant and equipment are based on management’s judgement and experience. When 
management identifies that actual useful lives differ materially from the estimates used to calculate depreciation, that charge is adjusted 
prospectively. Due to the significance of capital investment to the Group, variations between actual and estimated useful lives could impact 
operating results both positively and negatively. Asset lives and residual values are reviewed annually and historically changes to remaining 
estimates of useful lives have not been material. 

Revenue recognition 
The Group recognises revenue at the time of delivery of services. Payments received in advance of services delivered are recorded  
as a liability. 

South West Water raises bills and recognises revenue in accordance with its entitlement to receive revenue in line with the limits 
established by the Periodic Review price-setting process. For water and waste water customers with water meters, revenue recognised is 
dependent upon the volume supplied including an estimate of the sales value of units supplied between the date of the last meter reading 
and the financial year-end. Estimated usage is based on historic data, judgement and assumptions; actual results could differ from these 
estimates which would result in revenue being adjusted in the period in which the revision of the estimates is determined. 

Viridor estimates income from certain contractual revenue streams based on tonnages, cost and historic data which are dependent on 
agreement with the customer after the delivery of the service. Actual results could differ from these estimates which would result in revenue 
being adjusted in the period in which the revision of the estimate is determined. 

Provision for doubtful debts 
At the balance sheet date each subsidiary evaluates the collectability of trade receivables and records provisions for doubtful debts based 
on experience including comparisons of the relative age of accounts and consideration of actual write-off history.  

The actual level of debt collected may differ from the estimated levels of recovery and could impact future operating results positively  
or negatively. As at 31 March 2012 the Group’s current trade receivables were £188.4 million, against which £67.0 million had been 
provided for impairment.  

Impairment of intangible assets 
The Group records all assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions, including goodwill, at fair value. Intangible assets which have 
an indefinite useful life, principally goodwill, are assessed at least annually for impairment. 

The initial goodwill recorded and subsequent impairment analysis require management to make estimations of future cash flows, terminal 
values and an assessment of the long-term pre-tax discount rate to be applied to those cash flows which reflects an assessment of the 
cost of capital of the cash-generating unit. 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  77 

 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

5. Operating segments 
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision-Maker, which 
has been identified as the Pennon Group Plc Board.  

The water and sewerage business comprises the regulated water and sewerage services undertaken by South West Water Limited. The 
waste management business is the recycling, renewable energy and waste management services provided by Viridor Limited. Segment 
assets include goodwill and other intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, inventories, trade and other receivables and cash and 
cash deposits. Segment liabilities comprise operating liabilities and exclude taxation. The other segment liabilities include the Company’s 
financing of business acquisitions and Group taxation liabilities. Capital expenditure comprises additions to property, plant and equipment, 
including additions resulting from acquisitions through business combinations. 

Revenue 
Water and sewerage  
Waste management  
Other  
Less intra-segment trading*  

Segment result 
Operating profit before depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) 
Water and sewerage  
Waste management  
Other  

Operating profit 
Water and sewerage  
Waste management  
Other  

Profit before tax 
Water and sewerage  
Waste management  
Other  

2012 
£m 

2011 
£m 

474.0 
761.1 
9.8 
(11.8) 
1,233.1 

448.8 
712.0 
9.5 
(11.1) 
1,159.2 

305.2 
110.3 
0.3 
415.8 

204.7 
63.7 
0.4 
268.8 

141.5 
57.6 
1.4 
200.5 

286.8 
116.5 
(0.7) 
402.6 

189.8 
71.6 
(0.5) 
260.9 

128.9 
62.9 
(3.3) 
188.5 

* 

Intra-segment trading between and to other segments by the water and sewerage and waste management segments is under normal 
commercial terms and conditions that would also be available to unrelated third parties. Intra-segment revenue of the other segment is 
at cost. 

78  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Operating segments continued 

Balance sheet 
31 March 2012 
Assets (excluding investments in joint ventures)  
Investments in joint ventures  
Total assets  
Liabilities  
Net assets/(liabilities)  
31 March 2011 (Restated note 37) 
Assets (excluding investments in joint ventures)  
Investments in joint ventures  
Total assets  
Liabilities  
Net assets/(liabilities)  

Water and 
sewerage 
£m 

Waste 
management 
£m 

Other 
£m 

Eliminations 
£m 

Group 
£m 

2,938.2 
– 
2,938.2 
(2,159.6) 
778.6 

2,845.5 
– 
2,845.5 
(2,036.1) 
809.4 

1,209.5 
0.1 
1,209.6 
(826.0) 
383.6 

1,076.6 
1.5 
1,078.1 
(811.4) 
266.7 

912.2 
– 
912.2 
(1,252.3) 
(340.1) 

1,002.8 
– 
1,002.8 
(1,299.4) 
(296.6) 

(789.3) 
– 
(789.3) 
789.3 
– 

(789.3) 
– 
(789.3) 
789.3 
– 

4,270.6 
0.1 
4,270.7 
(3,448.6) 
822.1 

4,135.6 
1.5 
4,137.1 
(3,357.6) 
779.5 

Segment liabilities of the water and sewerage and waste management segments comprise operating liabilities. The other segment liabilities 
include the Company’s financing of business acquisitions before 1999 and Group taxation liabilities. 

Water and 
sewerage 
£m 

Waste 
management 
£m 

Notes 

Other 
£m 

Group 
£m 

Other information 
31 March 2012 
Amortisation of other intangible assets  
Capital expenditure (including acquisitions)  
Depreciation  
Finance income  
Finance costs  
31 March 2011 
Amortisation of other intangible assets  
Capital expenditure (including acquisitions)  
Depreciation  
Finance income  
Finance costs  

15 

7 
7 

15 

7 
7 

– 
130.8 
100.5 
59.3 
122.5 

– 
125.1 
97.0 
22.6 
83.5 

1.4 
155.8 
45.2 
23.2 
33.2 

0.7 
98.8 
44.2 
21.4 
34.3 

Geographic analysis of revenue based on location of customers 

Revenue 
United Kingdom  
Rest of European Union  
China 
Rest of World  

– 
– 
(0.1) 
36.8 
35.9 

– 
0.2 
(0.2) 
1.1 
4.0 

1.4 
286.6 
145.6 
119.3 
191.6 

0.7 
224.1 
141.0 
45.1 
121.8 

2012 
£m 

2011 
£m 

1,162.4 
13.3 
51.0 
6.4 
1,233.1 

1,091.8 
11.1 
49.5 
6.8 
1,159.2 

The Group’s country of domicile is the United Kingdom and is the country in which it generates the majority of its revenue. The Group’s 
non-current assets are all located in the United Kingdom. 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

6. Operating costs 

Manpower costs  
Raw materials and consumables  
Other operating expenses include:  
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Operating lease rentals payable: 
  – Plant and machinery  
  – Property  
Research and development expenditure  
Trade receivables impairment 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment: 
  – Owned assets  
  – Under finance leases  
Amortisation of other intangible assets  

Fees payable to the Company’s auditors in the year were: 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditors for the statutory audit of the Group 
Other services pursuant to legislation: 
Regulatory reporting 
Interim review 
Other audit services  

Total fees for statutory audit and audit related services 

Tax services  
Corporate finance transactions  
Other services  

Total fees 
Fees payable to the Company’s auditors in respect of Pennon Group pension schemes: 
Audit 

Notes 
12 

21 

15 

2012 
£m 
155.4 
133.9 

2011 
£m 
148.3 
121.6 

(2.8) 

(2.3) 

6.6 
8.0 
0.2 
9.2 

110.5 
35.1 
1.4 

2012 
£000 
446 

30 
30 
16 
76 
522 

242 
707 
97 
1,046 
1,568 

7.4 
6.1 
0.2 
8.4 

106.4 
34.6 
0.7 

2011 
£000 
400 

30 
30 
47 
107 
507 

150 
988 
170 
1,308 
1,815 

26 

26 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditors for the statutory audit of the Group include fees payable for the statutory audit of the Company  
of £48,000 (2011 £47,000) and fees payable for the audit of the Company’s subsidiaries of £398,000 (2011 £353,000). 

Expenses reimbursed to the auditors in relation to the audit of the Group were £37,000 (2011 £35,000). 

Corporate finance services in 2012 related to corporate finance advice on a number of EfW and PPP projects. 

Corporate finance services in 2011 included fees of circa £0.5 million relating to corporate finance advice on the Runcorn Phase II EfW 
project which is under construction. 

A description of the work of the Audit Committee is set out in its report on pages 47 and 48 which includes an explanation of how the 
auditor’s objectivity and independence are safeguarded when non-audit services are provided by the auditors’ firm. 

80  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Net finance costs 

Cost of servicing debt 
Bank borrowing and overdrafts  
Interest element of finance lease rentals  
Other finance costs  
Interest receivable 
Interest receivable on shareholder loans to joint ventures 

Other finance income 
Investment income received  
Fair value losses on derivative financial instruments providing 
commercial hedges 

Notional interest 
Interest receivable on service concession arrangements 
Retirement benefit obligations 
Unwinding of discounts in provisions 

Finance 
cost 

2012 
Finance 
income 

Notes 

£m 

£m 

(50.0) 
(38.8) 
(5.5) 
– 
– 
(94.3) 

– 
– 
– 
6.2 
7.5 
13.7 

Total 

£m 

(50.0) 
(38.8) 
(5.5) 
6.2 
7.5 
(80.6) 

– 

67.3 

67.3 

(63.9) 
(63.9) 

– 
67.3 

(63.9) 
3.4 

Finance 
cost 

2011 
Finance 
income 

£m 

£m 

(55.5) 
(30.6) 
(3.9) 
– 
– 
(90.0) 

– 

– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
6.1 
6.7 
12.8 

– 

– 
– 

Total 

£m 

(55.5) 
(30.6) 
(3.9) 
6.1 
6.7 
(77.2) 

– 

– 
– 

28 

– 
(29.1) 
(4.3) 
(33.4) 

3.3 
32.7 
– 
36.0 

3.3 
3.6 
(4.3) 
2.6 

– 
(27.8) 
(4.0) 
(31.8) 

2.9 
29.4 
– 
32.3 

2.9 
1.6 
(4.0) 
0.5 

Net gains on non-designated derivative financial instruments 

– 

2.3 

2.3 

– 

– 

– 

Other finance income represents enhanced yields from investment income received on short-term deposits held partially offset by fair  
value losses on derivative financial instruments which provided commercial hedges against these short-term structured deposits. These 
transactions commenced and matured during the year. 

(191.6)  119.3 

(72.3) 

(121.8) 

45.1 

(76.7) 

8. Taxation 

Analysis of charge in year 
UK corporation tax  

Deferred tax – other  
Deferred tax arising on change of rate of corporation tax 
Total deferred tax  
Tax charge for year  

Notes 

29 

2012 
£m 

30.9 

23.6 
(26.4) 
(2.8) 
28.1 

2011 
£m 

38.6 

3.4 
(25.1) 
(21.7) 
16.9 

UK corporation tax is calculated at 26% (2011 28%) of the estimated assessable profit for the year. 

The deferred tax credit for the year is due to a non-recurring credit of £26.4 million (2011 £25.1 million) arising from a 2% reduction in the 
rate of corporation tax.  

The tax for the year differs from the theoretical amount which would arise using the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK (26%) from: 

Profit before tax  
Profit before tax multiplied by the standard rate of UK corporation tax of 26% (2011 28%)  
Effects of: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes  
Other 
Change in rate of corporation tax 
Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior years  
Tax charge for year  

2012 
£m 
200.5 
52.1 

3.5 
(0.6) 
(26.4) 
(0.5) 
28.1 

2011 
£m 
188.5 
52.8 

1.7 
(1.1) 
(25.1) 
(11.4) 
16.9 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  81 

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Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

8. Taxation continued 
Credit adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior years include amounts released from the prior year current tax liability where  
a reassessment of a number of tax items indicates that a tax deduction is now certain. 

The average applicable tax rate for the year was 14% (2011 9%). 

In addition to the amount debited to the income statement, a deferred tax credit relating to actuarial gains on defined benefit pension 
schemes of £10.2 million (2011 charge of £2.9 million) and a deferred tax credit relating to losses on cash flow hedges of £5.8 million 
(2011 charge of £0.4 million) have been credited directly to equity. A deferred tax charge relating to share-based payments of £0.1 million 
(2011 credit of £0.5 million) has been recognised directly to equity. 

9. Profit of parent company 

Profit attributable to equity shareholders dealt with in the accounts of the parent company  

2012 
£m 
116.3 

2011 
£m 
90.1 

As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 no income statement or statement of comprehensive income is presented  
for the Company. 

10. Earnings per share 
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number  
of Ordinary shares outstanding during the year, excluding those held in the employee share trust (note 34), which are treated as cancelled. 

For diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of Ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to include all dilutive potential Ordinary 
shares. The Group has two types of dilutive potential Ordinary shares – those share options granted to employees where the exercise 
price is less than the average market price of the Company’s Ordinary shares during the year; and the contingently issuable shares under 
the Group’s Performance and Co-investment Plan and the deferred shares element of the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan, to the extent that 
the performance criteria for vesting of the awards are expected to be met. The convertible bonds issued in August 2009 did not have a 
dilutive effect on earnings per share during the year. 

The weighted average number of shares and earnings used in the calculations were: 

Number of shares (millions) 
For basic earnings per share  
Effect of dilutive potential Ordinary shares from share options  
For diluted earnings per share  

2012  

2011 

358.7 
2.2 
360.9 

354.6 
2.0 
356.6 

Basic and diluted earnings per share  
Earnings per share before deferred tax are presented as the Directors believe that this measure provides a more useful comparison on 
business trends and performance since deferred tax reflects distortive effects of changes in corporation tax rates and the level of long-term 
capital investment. Earnings per share have been calculated: 

Statutory earnings per share  
Deferred tax credit 
Earnings per share before deferred tax 

11. Dividends 

Profit 
after tax 
 £m  
172.4 
(2.8) 
169.6 

2012 

Earnings per share 

Basic 
p 
48.1 
(0.8) 
47.3 

Diluted 
p 
47.8 
(0.8) 
47.0 

Profit 
 after tax  
£m 
171.6 
(21.7)  
149.9 

Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the year: 
Interim dividend paid for the year ended 31 March 2011: 7.50p (2010 6.95p) per share  
Final dividend paid for the year ended 31 March 2011: 17.15p (2010 15.60p) per share  

Proposed dividends 
Proposed interim dividend for the year ended 31 March 2012: 8.22p (2011 7.50p) per share 
Proposed final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2012: 18.30p (2011 17.15p) per share 

2011 

Earnings per share 

Basic 
p 
48.4 
(6.1) 
42.3 

2012  
£m 

26.8 
61.4 
88.2 

29.6 
66.3 
95.9 

Diluted 
p 
48.1 
(6.1) 
42.0 

2011 
£m 

24.5 
55.1 
79.6 

26.8 
61.4 
88.2 

The proposed interim and final dividends have not been included as liabilities in these financial statements. 

The proposed interim dividend for 2012 was paid on 3 April 2012 and the proposed final dividend is subject to approval by shareholders  
at the Annual General Meeting. 

82  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Employment costs 

Wages and salaries  
Social security costs  
Pension costs  
Share-based payments  
Total employment costs  
Charged: 
  Manpower costs 
  Capital schemes 
Total employment costs  

2012  
£m 
130.9 
12.6 
16.6 
3.6 
163.7 

155.4 
8.3 
163.7 

2011 
£m 
122.7 
11.4 
20.5 
3.4 
158.0 

148.3 
9.7 
158.0 

Details of Directors’ emoluments are set out in note 13. There are no personnel, other than Directors, who as key management exercise 
authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group. 

Employees (average number) 
The average monthly number of employees (including Executive Directors) was: 
Water and sewerage  
Waste management  
Other  
Group totals  

The total number of employees at 31 March 2012 was 4,592 (2011 4,354). 

13. Directors’ emoluments 

Executive Directors: 
  Salary  
  Performance-related bonus paid or payable  
  Share-based payments  
  Other emoluments  
  Payment in lieu of pension provision  
Non-executive Directors  

2012  

2011 

1,335 
3,148 
46 
4,529 

2012  
£000 

1,077 
393 
1,094 
73 
310 
431 
3,378 

1,196 
3,012 
44 
4,252 

2011 
£000 

1,035 
490 
984 
70 
114 
412 
3,105 

The cost of share-based payment represents the amount charged to the income statement, as described in note 31. 

The aggregate gains on vesting of Directors’ share-based awards amounted to a total of £1,002,000 (2011 £677,000). 

Total gains made by Directors on the exercise of share options were nil (2011 nil). 

Total emoluments include £1,570,000 (2011 £1,418,000) payable to Directors for services as directors of subsidiary undertakings. 

At 31 March 2012 there were no Directors accruing retirement benefits under defined benefit pension schemes (2011 one).  

No pension contributions were payable to defined contribution schemes but three Directors received payments in lieu of pension provision 
(2011 two). 

More detailed information concerning Directors’ emoluments (including pensions and the highest paid Director) and share interests  
is shown in the Directors’ remuneration report on pages 52 to 60. 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

14. Goodwill 

Cost: 
At 1 April 2010 
Recognised on acquisition of subsidiaries  
At 31 March 2011  
Recognised on acquisition of subsidiaries (note 37)  
At 31 March 2012 

Carrying amount: 
At 31 March 2011 
At 31 March 2012 

(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 

257.4 
43.0 
300.4 
26.7 
327.1 

300.4 
327.1 

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated at acquisition to the cash-generating unit (CGU) expected to benefit from that 
business combination. All of the carrying amount of goodwill is allocated to the waste management segment. 

Goodwill is reviewed annually or when other events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully 
recoverable. 

The recoverable amount of the waste management segment is determined from fair value less costs to sell calculations. The fair value  
of the CGU has been estimated using an earnings multiple informed by recent market data from purchases of similar business.  

15. Other intangible assets 

Acquired intangible assets 
Cost: 
At 1 April 2010 
At 31 March 2011 
Recognised on acquisition of subsidiaries (note 37) 
At 31 March 2012 

Accumulated amortisation: 
At 1 April 2010 
Charge for year  
At 31 March 2011 
Charge for year  
At 31 March 2012 

Carrying amount: 
At 31 March 2011 
At 31 March 2012  

Customer 
contracts  
£m 

Patents 
£m 

12.5  
12.5  
14.5 
27.0 

7.6 
0.7 
8.3 
1.3 
9.6 

4.2  
17.4 

0.2  
0.2  
– 
0.2 

–  
–  
–  
0.1 
0.1 

0.2  
0.1 

Total 
£m 

12.7 
12.7 
14.5 
27.2 

7.6 
0.7 
8.3 
1.4 
9.7 

4.4 
17.5 

Customer contracts are amortised over the useful economic life of each contract which at acquisition ranged between two and 15 years. 
The average remaining life is six years. 

Patents are amortised over their estimated useful economic lives which at acquisition was 13 years. The average remaining life is  
six years. 

The carrying values of other intangible assets are reviewed annually or when events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying 
amounts may not be fully recoverable. 

84  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Property, plant and equipment 

Group 
Cost: 
At 1 April 2010 
Arising on acquisitions  
Additions  
Assets adopted at fair value 
Other (note 30)  
Grants and contributions  
Disposals 
Transfers/reclassifications  
At 31 March 2011  
Arising on acquisitions (note 37) 
Additions  
Assets adopted at fair value 
Other (note 30)  
Grants and contributions  
Disposals 
Transfers/reclassifications  
At 31 March 2012  

Accumulated depreciation: 
At April 2010 
Charge for year  
Disposals  
At 31 March 2011  
Charge for year  
Disposals  
Transfers/reclassifications 
At 31 March 2012  

Net book value: 
At 1 April 2010  
At 31 March 2011  
At 31 March 2012  

Land and 
buildings  
(Restated  
note 37) 
£m 

Infrastructure 
assets 
£m 

Operational 
properties 
£m 

Fixed and 
mobile plant, 
vehicles and 
computers 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 

Landfill 
restoration 
£m 

Construction 
in progress 
£m 

Total 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 

418.2 
7.7 
15.5 
– 
– 
– 
(1.2) 
0.9 
441.1 
0.2 
17.0 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(18.0) 
440.3 

172.5 
16.3 
– 
188.8 
16.6 
– 
(15.1) 
190.3 

1,419.1 
– 
17.8 
12.4 
– 
(1.2) 
(1.8) 
21.6 
1,467.9 
– 
14.9 
46.7 
– 
(1.6) 
(0.9) 
14.0 
1,541.0 

93.2 
21.5 
(1.8) 
112.9 
22.2 
(0.9) 
– 
134.2 

245.7 
252.3 
250.0 

1,325.9 
1,355.0 
1,406.8 

606.4 
– 
0.3 
0.6 
– 
– 
(4.4) 
11.3 
614.2 
– 
1.7 
– 
– 
– 
(0.1) 
5.2 
621.0 

163.8 
10.8 
(4.4) 
170.2 
10.9 
(0.1) 
– 
181.0 

442.6 
444.0 
440.0 

1,322.4 
9.6 
29.2 
1.7 
– 
– 
(59.3) 
66.3 
1,369.9 
0.7 
19.0 
– 
– 
– 
(11.6) 
90.1 
1,468.1 

647.8 
90.9 
(58.1) 
680.6 
95.8 
(9.8) 
15.1 
781.7 

674.6 
689.3 
686.4 

48.7 
– 
– 
– 
4.7 
– 
– 
– 
53.4 
– 
– 
– 
1.6 
– 
– 
– 
55.0 

15.0 
2.8 
– 
17.8 
2.0 
– 
– 
19.8 

33.7 
35.6 
35.2 

103.2 
– 
136.2 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(92.9) 
146.5 
– 
204.8 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(86.9) 
264.4 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

3,918.0 
17.3 
199.0 
14.7 
4.7 
(1.2) 
(66.7) 
7.2 
4,093.0 
0.9 
257.4 
46.7 
1.6 
(1.6) 
(12.6) 
4.4 
4,389.8 

1,092.3 
142.3 
(64.3) 
1,170.3 
147.5 
(10.8) 
– 
1,307.0 

103.2 
146.5 
264.4 

2,825.7 
2,922.7 
3,082.8 

Of the total depreciation charge of £147.5 million (2011 £142.3 million), £1.4 million (2011 £1.3 million) has been charged to capital 
projects, £0.5 million (2011 nil) has been offset by deferred income and £145.6 million (2011 £141.0 million) has been charged 
against profits. 

Asset lives and residual values are reviewed annually. 

Asset transfers/reclassifications include assets transferred from other non-current assets of £4.4 million (2011 £7.2 million). 

During the year borrowing costs of £3.0 million (2011 £1.1 million) have been capitalised on qualifying assets. 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

16. Property, plant and equipment continued 
Assets held under finance leases included above were: 

Land and 
buildings 
£m 

Infrastructure 
assets 
£m 

Operational 
properties 
£m 

– 
– 

–  
– 

– 
– 

357.0 
357.0 

465.0 
465.2 

26.0 
31.3 

89.2 
97.0 

331.0 
325.7 

375.8 
368.2 

Fixed and 
mobile plant, 
vehicles and 
computers 
£m 

312.3 
379.9 

175.9 
189.0 

136.4 
190.9 

Landfill 
restoration 
£m 

Construction 
in progress 
£m 

Total 
£m 

–  
– 

–  
– 

– 
– 

0.5 
0.3 

1,134.8 
1,202.4 

–  
– 

0.5 
0.3 

291.1 
317.3 

843.7 
885.1 

Fixed and mobile plant, 
vehicles and computers 
£m  

0.4 
0.2 
(0.2) 
0.4 
0.4 

0.2 
0.1 
(0.2) 
0.1 
0.1 
0.2 

0.2 
0.3 
0.2 

Cost: 
At 31 March 2011  
At 31 March 2012  

Accumulated depreciation: 
At 31 March 2011 
At 31 March 2012  

Net book amount: 
At 31 March 2011 
At 31 March 2012  

Company 
Cost: 
At 1 April 2010 
Additions  
Disposals 
At 31 March 2011 
At 31 March 2012 

Accumulated depreciation: 
At 1 April 2010  
Charge for year 
Disposals 
At 31 March 2011 
Charge for year 
At 31 March 2012 

Net book value: 
At 1 April 2010 
At 31 March 2011 
At 31 March 2012 

Asset lives and residual values are reviewed annually. 

86  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Financial instruments by category 
The accounting policies for financial instruments have been applied to the line items: 

Fair value 

Amortised cost 

Derivatives 
used for fair 
value 
hedging 
£m 

Derivatives 
used for 
cash 
flow hedging 
£m 

Derivatives 
deemed held 
for trading 
£m 

Notes 

Loans and 
receivables 
£m 

Trade 
receivables 
and trade 
payables 
(Restated  
note 37) 
£m 

21 
22 
23 

26 
22 
24 

21 
22 
23 

26 
22 
24 

22 
23 

26 
24 

22 
23 

26 
24 

– 
22.7 
– 
22.7 

– 
(6.5) 
– 
(6.5) 

– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
(3.5) 
– 
(3.5) 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
6.6 
– 
6.6 

– 
(42.1) 
– 
(42.1) 

– 
6.9 
– 
6.9 

– 
(18.1) 
– 
(18.1) 

6.6 
– 
6.6 

– 
– 
– 

6.6 
– 
6.6 

– 
– 
– 

– 
2.3 
– 
2.3 

– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 

2.3 
– 
2.3 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
425.3 
425.3 

(2,529.9) 
– 
– 
(2,529.9) 

– 
– 
555.5 
555.5 

(2,489.3) 
– 
– 
(2,489.3) 

– 
158.9 
158.9 

(891.2) 
– 
(891.2) 

– 
236.6 
236.6 

(889.0) 
– 
(889.0) 

121.4 
– 
– 
121.4 

– 
– 
(87.2) 
(87.2) 

136.9 
– 
– 
136.9 

– 
– 
(87.3) 
(87.3) 

– 
– 
– 

– 
(0.1) 
(0.1) 

– 
– 
– 

– 
(0.1) 
(0.1) 

Total 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 

121.4 
31.6 
425.3 
578.3 

(2,529.9) 
(48.6) 
(87.2) 
(2,665.7) 

136.9 
6.9 
555.5 
699.3 

(2,489.3) 
(21.6) 
(87.3) 
(2,598.2) 

8.9 
158.9 
167.8 

(891.2) 
(0.1) 
(891.3) 

6.6 
236.6 
243.2 

(889.0) 
(0.1) 
(889.1) 

Group  
31 March 2012 
Financial assets 
Trade receivables  
Derivative financial instruments  
Cash and cash deposits  
Total  
Financial liabilities 
Borrowings  
Derivative financial instruments  
Trade payables  
Total  
31 March 2011 
Financial assets 
Trade receivables  
Derivative financial instruments  
Cash and cash deposits  
Total  
Financial liabilities 
Borrowings  
Derivative financial instruments  
Trade payables  
Total  
Company 
31 March 2012 
Financial assets 
Derivative financial instruments 
Cash and cash deposits  
Total 
Financial liabilities 
Borrowings  
Trade payables  
Total  
31 March 2011 
Financial assets 
Derivative financial instruments 
Cash and cash deposits  
Total 
Financial liabilities 
Borrowings  
Trade payables  
Total  

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

18. Other non-current assets 
Non-current receivables 

Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings  
Amounts owed by related parties (note 42)  
Other receivables  

Non-current receivables were due: 

Between 1 and 2 years  
Between 2 and 5 years  
Over 5 years  

The fair values of non-current receivables were: 

Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 
Amounts owed by related parties 
Other receivables 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
– 
69.0 
69.4 
138.4 

2011 
£m 
– 
56.6 
59.4 
116.0 

2012  
£m 
350.9 
– 
1.1 
352.0 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
15.5 
15.9 
107.0 
138.4 

2011 
£m 
20.0 
5.9 
90.1 
116.0 

2012  
£m 
89.2 
262.8 
– 
352.0 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
– 
147.7 
69.4 
217.1 

2011 
£m 
– 
126.7 
59.4 
186.1 

2012  
£m 
354.7 
– 
1.1 
355.8 

2011 
£m 
366.8 
– 
0.9 
367.7 

2011 
£m 
90.6 
277.1 
– 
367.7 

2011 
£m 
372.8 
– 
1.0 
373.8 

The fair value of amounts owed by related parties is based on cash flows using a rate based on the borrowings rate of 2.5% (2011 2.5%).  

The discount rate is equal to London Interbank Offered Rate plus an allowance to reflect an appropriate credit margin. 

The effective interest rate on amounts owed by related parties was 14.0% (2011 14.0%). 

Other receivables include site development and pre-contract costs of £9.6 million (2011 £17.6 million). 

88  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Investments 
Subsidiary undertakings  

Company 
At 1 April 2010 
At 31 March 2011  
Additions 
At 31 March 2012 

Joint ventures 

Group 
At 1 April 2010 
Share of post-tax profit 
Share of other comprehensive loss 
At 31 March 2011 
Share of post-tax profit 
Share of other comprehensive loss 
At 31 March 2012  

£m 

1,032.0 
1,032.0 
140.1 
1,172.1 

Shares 
£m  

0.2 
4.3 
(3.0) 
1.5 
4.0 
(5.4) 
0.1 

Details of the Group’s principal subsidiary and joint venture undertakings are set out in note 38. 

The Group’s share of the results, assets and liabilities in its joint ventures, which are equity accounted in these financial statements, is: 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Income 

Non–current 
£m 

Current 
£m 

Non–current 
£m 

Current 
£m 

Revenue 
£m 

Profit 
£m 

Other 
comprehensive 
income 
£m  

2012  
Lakeside Energy from  
Waste Holdings Limited  
Viridor Laing (Greater  
Manchester) Holdings Limited  
2011 
Lakeside Energy from  
Waste Holdings Limited  
Viridor Laing (Greater  
Manchester) Holdings Limited 

20. Inventories 

Raw materials and consumables  

78.2 

13.7 

(89.9) 

(2.0) 

171.3 

15.9 

(168.3) 

(18.9) 

82.0 

9.5 

(87.8) 

(2.2) 

181.5 

10.4 

(146.1) 

(45.8) 

23.2 

46.8 

21.6 

61.7 

3.7 

0.3 

3.6 

0.7 

Group 

Company 

2011 
(Restated  
note 37) 
£m 
7.2 

2012 
£m 
9.0 

2012  
£m 
– 

(5.1) 

(0.3) 

(2.3) 

(0.7) 

2011 
£m 
– 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

21. Trade and other receivables – current 

Trade receivables  
Less: provision for impairment of receivables 
Net trade receivables  
Amounts owed by related parties (note 42) 
Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 
Other receivables  
Prepayments and accrued income  

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
188.4 
(67.0) 
121.4 
12.2 
– 
13.0 
91.8 
238.4 

2011 
(Restated  
note 37) 
£m 
195.1 
(58.2) 
136.9 
8.8 
– 
8.5 
64.8 
219.0 

2012  
£m 
– 
– 
– 
– 
90.8 
0.7 
0.2 
91.7 

2011 
£m 
– 
– 
– 
– 
91.7 
0.8 
0.2 
92.7 

The Directors consider that the carrying amounts of trade and other receivables approximate to their fair value. 

There is no concentration of credit risk in trade receivables. The Group has a large number of customers who are dispersed and there is 
no significant loss on trade receivables expected that has not been provided for. The Group has created IAS 39 portfolio provisions, but 
cannot practicably identify which receivables specifically are the ones impaired. It is Group policy to consider a receivable in a portfolio to 
which an impairment has been allocated on a collective basis as not being impaired for the purposes of IFRS 7 disclosures until the loss 
can be specifically identified with the receivable. 

The ageing of trade receivables which are past due but not specifically impaired was: 

Group 
Past due 1 – 30 days  
Past due 31 – 120 days  
More than 120 days  

2012  
£m 

37.3 
13.0 
97.4 

2011 
£m 

36.1 
11.9 
84.5 

The aged trade receivables above are taken directly from aged sales ledger records before deduction of credit balances and  
other adjustments. 

The Group’s two principal operating businesses specifically review separate categories of debt to identify an appropriate provision for 
impairment. South West Water Limited has a duty under legislation to continue to provide domestic customers with services regardless  
of payment. 

The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables was: 

At 1 April  
Provision for receivables impairment  
Receivables written-off during the year as uncollectable  
Cumulative amounts previously excluded from debt  
Arising on acquisitions  
At 31 March  

2012  
£m 
58.2 
9.2 
(7.1) 
6.7 
– 
67.0 

2011 
£m 
50.6 
8.4 
(8.3) 
7.3 
0.2 
58.2 

90  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Derivative financial instruments 

Derivatives used for cash flow hedging 
Current assets 
Current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities  
Derivatives used for fair value hedging 
Non-current assets 
Current assets 
Current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Derivative deemed held for trading 
Current assets 

Group 

2012 
£m 

6.6 
(15.3) 
(26.8) 

21.9 
0.8 
(1.3) 
(5.2) 

2.3 

2011 
£m 

6.9 
(4.4) 
(13.7) 

– 
– 
(0.9) 
(2.6) 

– 

Company 

2012  
£m 

6.6 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 

2.3 

2011 
£m 

6.6 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 

– 

The fair value of hedging derivatives is split between current and non-current assets or liabilities based on the maturity of the cash flows. 

The ineffective portion recognised in the income statement arising from cash flow hedges was nil (2011 nil). 

Interest rate swaps and fixed rate borrowings are used to manage the mix of fixed and floating rates to ensure at least 50% of Group net 
borrowings are at fixed rate. At 31 March 2012, 56% of Group net borrowings were at fixed rate (2011 53%). 

At 31 March 2012 the Group had interest rate swaps to swap from floating to fixed rate and hedge financial liabilities with a notional value 
of £855.0 million and a weighted average maturity of 4.0 years (2011 £605.0 million, with 4.0 years). The weighted average interest rate  
of the swaps for their nominal amount was 3.2% (2011 3.2%). 

At 31 March 2012 the Company had cross-currency interest rate swaps to swap from floating to fixed rate and hedge financial liabilities, 
relating to a borrowing of 70 million Australian dollars, with a weighted average maturity of 1.0 years (2011 70 million Australian dollars,  
with 2.0 years). The weighted average interest rate of the swaps was 3.7% (2011 3.7%). 

The derivative deemed held for trading does not qualify for hedge accounting under IAS 39, but is designed to improve the Group’s  
overall interest rate performance. This derivative arises from of a combination of non-derivative instruments entered into during the  
year that when combined result in a derivative instrument. Included in the derivative instrument is a £200 million floating interest  
rate-linked loan from Peninsula MB Limited to the Company and a fixed rate £200 million obligation due to the Company from Peninsula 
MB Limited. This derivative has an expected life of 15 years. The £2.3 million fair value movement in the derivative has been recognised  
in the income statement. 

Valuation hierarchy 
The amounts of financial instruments carried at fair value by valuation method were: 

Level 2 inputs 

Group 

Company 

Assets 
Derivatives used for cash flow hedging  
Derivatives used for fair value hedging 
Total assets 
Liabilities 
Derivatives used for cash flow hedging 
Derivatives used for fair value hedging 
Total liabilities 

2012 
£m 

6.6 
22.7 
29.3 

42.1 
6.5 
48.6 

2011 
£m 

6.9 
– 
6.9 

18.1 
3.5 
21.6 

2012  
£m 

6.6 
– 
6.6 

– 
– 
– 

2011 
£m 

6.6 
– 
6.6 

– 
– 
– 

The amounts above are the fair value of financial instruments using level 2 – inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly 
(that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices). The fair values of these swaps are based on the market value of equivalent 
instruments at the balance sheet date. 

Level 3 inputs 

Assets 
Derivative deemed held for trading 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 

2.3 

2011 
£m 

– 

2012  
£m 

2.3 

2011 
£m 

– 

The amount above is the fair value of financial instruments using level 3 – inputs for asset or liability that are not based on observable 
market data (that is, unobservable market data). 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  91 

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Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

23. Cash and cash deposits 

Cash at bank and in hand  
Short-term bank deposits  
Other deposits  
Total cash and cash deposits (note 36) 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
18.3 
67.1 
339.9 
425.3 

2011 
£m 
15.9 
121.8 
417.8 
555.5 

2012  
£m 
58.4 
47.1 
53.4 
158.9 

2011 
£m 
39.3 
95.8 
101.5 
236.6 

Group short-term deposits have an average maturity of one day. 

Group other deposits have an average maturity of 115 days. 

Group other deposits include restricted funds of £108.4 million (2011 £80.2 million) to settle long-term lease liabilities (note 26) and  
£14.2 million (2011 £40.0 million) relating to letters of credit. 

For the purposes of the cash flow statement cash and cash equivalents comprise: 

Cash and cash deposits as above  
Bank overdrafts (note 26)  

Less: deposits with a maturity of three months or more  
(restricted funds) 

24. Trade and other payables – current 

Trade payables  
Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings  
Amounts owed to joint venture (note 42)  
Other tax and social security  
Accruals and other payables 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
425.3 
(10.5) 
414.8 

(122.6) 
292.2 

2011 
£m 
555.5 
(18.1) 
537.4 

(122.5) 
414.9 

2012  
£m 
158.9 
– 
158.9 

(1.4) 
157.5 

Group 

Company 

2011 
(Restated  
note 37) 
£m 
87.3 
– 
8.5 
53.0 
104.7 
253.5 

2012 
£m 
87.2 
– 
7.0 
41.2 
107.1 
242.5 

2012  
£m 
0.1 
5.7 
– 
0.3 
4.7 
10.8 

2011 
£m 
236.6 
– 
236.6 

(1.4) 
235.2 

2011 
£m 
0.1 
6.4 
– 
0.3 
4.3 
11.1 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value. 

Included in accruals and other payables are amounts provided by the Group in relation to claims received which are considered by the 
Directors and the management of the Group to be the best estimate of the amounts that might be finally settled. 

25. Current tax liabilities/(recoverable) 

UK corporation tax  

Group 

Company 

2011 
(Restated  
note 37) 
£m 
79.5 

2012 
£m 
59.7 

2012  
£m 
(2.6) 

2011 
£m 
(1.7) 

92  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Borrowings 

Current 
Bank overdrafts  
Short-term loans  
European Investment Bank  
Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings  

Obligations under finance leases  
Total current borrowings (note 36) 
Non-current 
Bank and other loans 
Private placement 
Bond 2040 
RPI index-linked bond 
Convertible bond 
European Investment Bank  

Obligations under finance leases 
Total non-current borrowings (note 36)  
Total borrowings  

Group 

2012 
£m 

10.5 
253.2 
21.1 
– 
284.8 
40.7 
325.5 

139.3 
99.9 
132.3 
240.3 
117.6 
231.5 
960.9 
1,243.5 
2,204.4 
2,529.9 

2011 
£m 

18.1 
35.3 
21.1 
– 
74.5 
24.7 
99.2 

372.6 
99.9 
132.1 
228.8 
115.0 
252.5 
1,200.9 
1,189.2 
2,390.1 
2,489.3 

Company 

2012  
£m 

– 
253.2 
– 
281.2 
534.4 
– 
534.4 

139.3 
99.9 
– 
– 
117.6 
– 
356.8 
– 
356.8 
891.2 

2011 
£m 

– 
34.9 
– 
281.2 
316.1 
– 
316.1 

358.0 
99.9 
– 
– 
115.0 
– 
572.9 
– 
572.9 
889.0 

The Company issued £125 million 4.625% convertible bonds in August 2009. The bonds mature five years from the issue date at their 
nominal value of £125 million or can be converted into shares, at the holders’ option, at the maturity date at the conversion price of 597.81 
pence per Ordinary share. The value of the equity conversion component was determined to be £10 million has been recognised in 
shareholders’ equity in retained earnings. 

The Company issued a £100 million private placement in July 2007 maturing in 2022. Interest is payable at a floating rate based on the 
performance of an interest rate-linked index. The interest rate payable in the year was 3.2% (2011 4.3%). 

South West Water Finance Plc issued a £150 million Bond in July 2010 maturing in 2040 with a cash coupon of 5.875%. 

South West Water Finance Plc issued a £200 million RPI index-linked bond in July 2008 maturing in 2057 with a cash coupon of 1.99%. 

The fair values of non-current borrowings were: 

Group 
Bank and other loans  
Private placement 
Bond 2040 
RPI index-linked bond 
Convertible bond 
European Investment Bank  

Obligations under finance leases 

Company 
Bank and other loans  
Private placement 
Convertible bond 

2012 

2011 

Book value 
£m 

Fair value 
£m 

Book value 
£m 

Fair value 
£m 

139.3 
99.9 
132.3 
240.3 
117.6 
231.5 
960.9 
1,243.5 
2,204.4 

139.3 
99.9 
117.6 
356.8 

139.3 
92.3 
157.5 
159.5 
161.7 
205.8 
916.1 
1,088.1 
2,004.2 

139.3 
92.3 
161.7 
393.3 

372.6 
99.9 
132.1 
228.8 
115.0 
252.5 
1,200.9 
1,189.2 
2,390.1 

358.0 
99.9 
115.0 
572.9 

372.6 
82.7 
147.0 
182.4 
161.8 
219.5 
1,166.0 
962.7 
2,128.7 

358.0 
82.7 
161.8 
602.5 

Where market values are not available, fair values of borrowings have been calculated by discounting expected future cash flows at 
prevailing interest rates. 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  93 

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Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

26. Borrowings continued 
The maturity of non-current borrowings was: 

Between 1 and 2 years  
Between 2 and 5 years  
Over 5 years  

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
130.3 
432.9 
1,641.2 
2,204.4 

2011 
£m 
291.8 
418.7 
1,679.6 
2,390.1 

2012  
£m 
74.6 
182.3 
99.9 
356.8 

2011 
£m 
243.9 
229.1 
99.9 
572.9 

The weighted average maturity of non-current borrowings was 23 years (2011 24 years). 

Finance lease liabilities – minimum lease payments: 

Within 1 year  
Between 2 and 5 years 
Over 5 years 

Less: future finance charges  

Finance lease liabilities – present value of minimum lease payments: 

Within 1 year  
Between 2 and 5 years 
Over 5 years 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
61.7 
292.9 
2,216.5 
2,571.1 
(1,286.9) 
1,284.2 

2011 
£m 
47.9 
272.0 
2,239.2 
2,559.1 
(1,345.2) 
1,213.9 

2012  
£m 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
61.7 
264.1 
1,022.2 
1,348.0 

2011 
£m 
47.9 
245.5 
1,010.4 
1,303.8 

2012  
£m 
– 
– 
– 
– 

2011 
£m 
–  
–  
– 
–  
– 
 – 

2011 
£m 
– 
– 
– 
– 

Included above are accrued finance charges arising on obligations under finance leases totalling £135.5 million (2011 £130.8 million),  
of which £12.6 million (2011 £6.4 million) is repayable within one year. 

Within obligations under finance leases, South West Water Limited has utilised finance lease facilities of £180.0 million for certain water  
and sewerage business property, plant and equipment which are secured by bank letters of credit issued by United Kingdom financial 
institutions. These letters of credit, covering the full period of the finance leases, are renewable between the financial institutions and  
South West Water Limited at five-yearly intervals, the next being March 2016. 

During 2007 the period for repayment of these leases was extended with an agreement to deposit with the lessor group amounts equal  
to the difference between the original and revised payments due. The accumulated deposits, £41.9 million at 31 March 2012 (2011  
£32.4 million) are being held to settle the lease liability over the period from the end of the original lease term. The deposits are subject  
to a registered charge given as security to the lessor for the balance outstanding. 

During 2010 the period for repayment of certain existing leases was extended with an agreement to deposit with the lessor group  
amounts equal to the difference between the original and revised payments due. The accumulated deposits, £66.5 million at 31 March 
2012 (2011 £47.8 million) are being held to settle the lease liability at the end of the lease term, subject to rights to release by negotiation 
with the lessor. 

Undrawn committed borrowing facilities at the balance sheet date: 

Floating rate: 
Expiring within 1 year  
Expiring after 1 year  

Group 

2012 
£m 

247.5 
411.0 
658.5 

2011 
£m 

50.0 
160.0 
210.0 

Company 

2012  
£m 

127.5 
141.0 
268.5 

2011 
£m 

– 
90.0 
90.0 

In addition the Group has, at 31 March 2012, undrawn uncommitted short-term bank facilities of £50.0 million (2011 £50.0 million) 
available to the Company or South West Water Limited. 

94  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Other non-current liabilities 

Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings  
Other payables 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
– 
76.9 
76.9 

2011 
£m 
– 
30.4 
30.4 

2012  
£m 
8.7 
– 
8.7 

2011 
£m 
8.7 
– 
8.7 

Other payables include deferred income resulting from the adoption at fair value of assets transferred from customers. 

28. Retirement benefit obligations 
The Group operates a number of defined benefit pension schemes and also a defined contribution section within the main scheme. 

The assets of the Group’s pension schemes are held in separate trustee administered funds. The trustees of the funds are required to act 
in the best interest of the funds’ beneficiaries. The appointment of schemes’ trustees is determined by the schemes’ trust documentation. 
The Group has a policy for the main fund that one-half of all trustees, other than the Chairman, are nominated by members of the 
schemes, including pensioners. 

Defined contribution schemes 
Pension costs for defined contribution schemes were £2.7 million (2011 £2.8 million). 

Defined benefit schemes 
Assumptions 
The principal actuarial assumptions at 31 March were: 

Expected return on scheme assets  
Rate of increase in pensionable pay  
Rate of increase for current and future pensions  
Rate used to discount schemes’ liabilities  
Inflation  

2012  
% 
6.3 
3.5 
3.3 
4.7 
3.3 

2011 
% 
7.3 
3.9 
3.4 
5.5 
3.4 

Mortality 
Assumptions regarding future mortality experience are set based on actuarial advice in accordance with published statistics and 
experience. The mortality assumption uses a scheme-specific calculation based on CMI 2009 actuarial tables with an allowance for future 
longevity improvement. 

The average life expectancy in years of a member having retired at age 62 on the balance sheet date is projected at: 

Male  
Female  

2012  
24.9 
27.0 

The average life expectancy in years of a future pensioner retiring at age 62, 20 years after the balance sheet date, is projected at: 

Male  
Female  

The sensitivities regarding the principal assumptions used to measure the schemes’ liabilities are: 

2012  
25.8 
28.2 

2011 
24.9 
26.9 

2011 
25.7 
28.2 

Rate of increase in pensionable pay  
Rate of increase in current and future pensions  
Rate used to discount schemes’ liabilities  
Inflation 
Life expectancy  

Change in 
assumption 
+/– 0.5% 
+/– 0.5% 
+/– 0.5% 
+/– 0.5% 
+/– 1 year 

Impact on 
schemes’ 
liabilities 
+/– 1.3% 
+/– 6.0% 
+/– 8.5% 
+/– 7.6% 
+/– 3.4% 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

28. Retirement benefit obligations continued 
The amounts recognised in the income statement were: 

Current service cost  
Past service cost  
Total included in employment costs  
Expected return on pension schemes’ assets  
Interest cost on retirement benefit obligations  
Total included within net finance costs 
Total charge 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
(12.9) 
(1.0) 
(13.9) 
32.7 
(29.1) 
3.6 
(10.3) 

2011 
£m 
(15.0) 
(2.7) 
(17.7) 
29.4 
(27.8) 
1.6 
(16.1) 

2012  
£m 
(0.8) 
– 
(0.8) 
2.2 
(2.1) 
0.1 
(0.7) 

2011 
£m 
(1.0) 
– 
(1.0) 
2.7 
(2.7) 
– 
(1.0) 

The actual return on schemes’ assets was a profit of £32.1 million (2011 £34.7 million). 

The amounts recognised in the statement of comprehensive income were: 

Actuarial (losses)/gains recognised in the year 

The amounts recognised in the balance sheet were: 

Fair value of schemes’ assets  
Present value of defined benefit obligations  
Net liability recognised in the balance sheet  

Group 

2012 
£m 
(51.7) 

2011 
£m 
2.4 

Company 

2012  
£m 
(3.9) 

2011 
£m 
3.3 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
517.2 
(615.8) 
(98.6) 

2011 
£m 
454.2 
(540.0) 
(85.8) 

2012  
£m 
35.4 
(43.2) 
(7.8) 

The schemes’ assets and the expected long-term rates of return at the year-end were: 

Equities  
Property  
Bonds  
Other  

2012 

2011 

Expected 
return 
% 
8.1 
7.8 
3.7 
4.0 

Value 
£m 
269.9 
35.4 
168.8 
43.1 
517.2 

Expected 
return 
% 
8.5 
8.2 
4.8 
4.4 

Fund 
% 
52 
7 
33 
8 
100 

Value 
£m 
262.0 
18.6 
133.4 
40.2 
454.2 

Other assets principally represent cash contributions received from the Group towards the year-end which are invested during the 
subsequent financial year.  

96  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

2011 
£m 
30.7 
(37.5) 
(6.8) 

Fund 
% 
58 
4 
29 
9 
100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. Retirement benefit obligations continued 
The Company’s share of the schemes’ assets at the balance sheet date were: 

Equities  
Property 
Bonds  
Other  

2012  
£m 
17.8 
2.7 
11.8 
3.1 
35.4 

2011 
£m 
17.6 
1.3 
9.0 
2.8 
30.7 

The expected return on schemes’ assets is determined by considering the long-term returns and the balance between risk and reward  
on the various categories of investment assets held. Expected returns on equity and property investments reflect long-term rates of return 
experienced in the respective markets. Expected yields on fixed interest investments are based on gross redemption yields as at the 
balance sheet date. 

In conjunction with its investment advisers, the trustees have structured the schemes’ investments with the objective of balancing 
investment returns and levels of risk. The asset allocation for the main scheme has three principal elements: 
•  holding of bonds which is expected to be less volatile than most other asset classes and reflects the schemes’ liabilities 
•  a proportion of equities, with fund managers having freedom in making investment decisions to maximise returns 
•  investment of a relatively small proportion of the schemes’ assets (circa 10%) in alternative asset classes which give the potential  

for diversification (currently property). 

The liabilities of the defined benefit schemes are measured by using the projected unit credit method which is an accrued benefits 
valuation method in which the scheme liabilities make allowance for projected earnings. 

Movements in the net liability were: 

At 1 April 
Income statement  
Statement of comprehensive income 
Employer contributions  
At 31 March 

Movements in the fair value of schemes’ assets were: 

At 1 April  
Expected return on schemes’ assets  
Actuarial (losses)/gains 
Members’ contributions  
Benefits paid 
Employer contributions  
At 31 March  

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
(85.8) 
(10.3) 
(51.7) 
49.2 
(98.6) 

2011 
£m 
(107.9) 
(16.1) 
2.4 
35.8 
(85.8) 

2012  
£m 
(6.8) 
(0.7) 
(4.0) 
3.7 
(7.8) 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
454.2 
32.7 
(0.7) 
1.2 
(19.4) 
49.2 
517.2 

2011 
£m 
402.4 
29.4 
5.3 
1.0 
(19.7) 
35.8 
454.2 

2012  
£m 
30.7 
2.2 
0.2 
– 
(1.4) 
3.7 
35.4 

2011 
£m 
(11.7) 
(1.0) 
3.3 
2.6 
(6.8) 

2011 
£m 
37.3 
2.7 
(10.4) 
– 
(1.5) 
2.6 
30.7 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

28. Retirement benefit obligations continued 
Movements in the present value of schemes’ defined benefit obligations were: 

At 1 April 
Service cost  
Interest cost 
Actuarial (losses)/gains 
Members’ contributions  
Benefits paid  
At 31 March  

Group 

Company 

2012  
£m 
(540.0) 
(13.9) 
(29.1) 
(51.0) 
(1.2) 
19.4 
(615.8) 

2011 
£m 
(510.3) 
(17.7) 
(27.8) 
(2.9) 
(1.0) 
19.7 
(540.0) 

2012  
£m 
(37.5) 
(0.8) 
(2.1) 
(4.2) 
– 
1.4 
(43.2) 

2011 
£m 
(49.0) 
(1.0) 
(2.7) 
13.7 
– 
1.5 
(37.5) 

The future cash flows arising from the payment of the defined benefits are expected to be settled primarily in the period between 15 and 
40 years from the balance sheet date. 

The five-year history of experience adjustments is: 

Group 
Fair value of schemes’ assets  
Present value of defined benefit obligations  
Net liability recognised  
Experience (losses)/gains on schemes’ assets 
Amount (£m) 
Percentage of schemes’ assets 
Experience (losses)/gains defined benefit obligations 
Amount (£m)  
Percentage of defined benefit obligations  

2012 
£m 

517.2 
(615.8) 
(98.6) 

(0.6) 
(0.1)%

(0.4) 
(1.0)%

2011 
£m 

454.2 
(540.0) 
(85.8) 

5.3 
1.2%

0.8 
0.1%

2010 
£m 

402.4 
(510.3) 
(107.9) 

2009 
£m 

2008 
£m 

276.4  
(342.4)  
(66.0)  

331.5  
(357.8)  
(26.3) 

65.7 
16.3% 

 (101.6)  
 (36.7)%

2.3 
0.4% 

34.8 
10.2% 

(44.7)  
(13.5)%

49.8 
13.9%

The cumulative actuarial losses recognised in the Group statement of comprehensive income at 31 March 2012 were £157.5 million  
(2011 £105.8 million). 

Company 
Fair value of schemes’ assets  
Present value of defined benefit obligations  
Net liability recognised 
Experience gains/(losses) on schemes’ assets 
Amount (£m) 
Percentage of schemes’ assets 
Experience (losses)/gains on defined benefit obligations 
Amount (£m)  
Percentage of defined benefit obligations  

2012 
£m 

35.4 
(43.2) 
(7.8) 

0.2 
0.5%

(0.4) 
(1.0)%

2011 
£m 

30.7 
(37.5) 
(6.8) 

(10.4) 
(33.9)%

14.0 
37.3%

2010 
£m 

37.3 
(49.0) 
(11.7) 

6.3 
16.9% 

0.4 
0.8% 

2009 
£m 

29.6  
(36.9)  
 (7.3)  

 (9.6)  
 (32.4)%

1.6 
4.3% 

2008 
£m 

33.9  
(36.8)  
(2.9)  

4.0  
11.8% 

 (5.3)  
(14.4)%

The cumulative actuarial losses recognised in the Company statement of comprehensive income at 31 March 2012 were £11.1 million 
(2011 £7.2 million). 

The last triennial actuarial valuation of the principal defined benefit scheme was at 1 April 2011. The Group has made deficit recovery 
contributions of £35 million during the year (2011 £21 million). The Group monitors funding levels on an annual basis and expects to pay 
total contributions of £15 million during the year ended 31 March 2013. 

98  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Deferred tax 
Deferred tax is provided in full on temporary differences under the liability method using a tax rate of 24% (2011 26%). 

Movements on deferred tax were: 

Liabilities/(assets) at 1 April 
(Credited)/charged to the income statement  
(Credited)/charged to equity 
Arising on acquisitions  
Liabilities/(assets) at 31 March  

Group 

Company 

2011 
(Restated  
note 37) 
£m 
312.2 
(21.7) 
2.8 
(0.8) 
292.5 

2012 
£m 
292.5 
(2.8) 
(15.9) 
– 
273.8 

2012  
£m 
(4.2) 
0.5 
(0.9) 
– 
(4.6) 

2011 
£m 
(5.0) 
(0.2) 
1.0 
– 
(4.2) 

Deferred tax assets have been recognised in respect of all temporary differences giving rise to deferred tax assets because it is probable 
that these assets will be recovered. 

The majority of the Group’s deferred tax liability is expected to be recovered over more than one year. 

The majority of the Company’s deferred tax asset is expected to be recovered over more than one year. 

All deferred tax assets and liabilities within the same jurisdiction are offset. 

The deferred tax balance has been reduced by a credit of £22.8 million to recognise the changes in the rate of corporation tax enacted  
on 19 July 2011 and 26 March 2012 to reduce the rate from 1 April 2012 from 26% to 24%. This credit includes a credit of £26.4 million 
recognised in the income statement and a debit of £3.6 million recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. If the published 
Government proposals to reduce the rate of corporation tax by a further 1% for each financial year until 2014/15 had been enacted  
at the balance sheet date, the total impact would have been a further reduction of circa £23 million. 

The movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities were: 

Group 
Deferred tax liabilities 

At 1 April 2010 
Credited to the income statement  
Arising on acquisitions 
At 31 March 2011 
Credited to the income statement  
At 31 March 2012 

Deferred tax assets 

At 1 April 2010 
(Credited)/charged to the income statement  
Charged/(credited) to equity 
Arising on acquisitions 
At 31 March 2011  
Charged to the income statement  
Credited to equity 
At 31 March 2012  
Net deferred tax liability: 
At 31 March 2011 
At 31 March 2012  

Accelerated tax depreciation 

Owned assets 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 
323.7 
(18.2) 
0.1 
305.6 
(11.7) 
293.9 

Provisions  
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 
 (8.3) 
(0.2) 
– 
(1.5) 
(10.0) 
2.1 
– 
(7.9) 

Leased 
assets 
£m 
17.0  
(0.6) 
– 
16.4 
(0.6) 
15.8 

Retirement 
benefit 
obligations 
£m 
(30.2) 
5.1 
2.9 
– 
(22.2) 
8.8 
(10.2) 
(23.6) 

Other 
 (Restated 
note 37) 
£m 
22.3 
(2.9) 
1.0 
20.4 
(2.9) 
17.5 

Other 
(Restated  
note 37) 
£m 
(12.3)  
(4.9) 
(0.1) 
(0.4) 
(17.7) 
1.5 
(5.7) 
(21.9) 

Total 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 
363.0 
(21.7) 
1.1 
342.4 
(15.2) 
327.2 

Total 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 
(50.8) 
– 
2.8 
(1.9) 
(49.9) 
12.4 
(15.9) 
(53.4) 

292.5 
273.8 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  99 

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Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

29. Deferred tax continued 
Company 
Deferred tax assets 

At 1 April 2010 
Charged/(credited) to the income statement 
Charged to equity  
At 31 March 2011 
Charged/(credited) to the income statement 
Credited to equity  
At 31 March 2012 

Deferred tax credited/(charged) to equity during the year was: 

Actuarial losses/(gains) on defined benefit schemes  
Net fair value losses/(gains) on cash flow hedges 
Deferred tax on other comprehensive loss 
Share-based payments (note 34) 

30. Provisions 

Group 
At 1 April 2011 
Charged to the income statement  
Transferred 
Arising on acquisition 
Landfill restoration  
Utilised during year 
At 31 March 2012 

Retirement 
benefit 
obligations  
£m 
(3.2)  
0.4 
1.0 
(1.8) 
0.8 
(0.8) 
(1.8) 

Other 
£m 
(1.8)  
(0.6) 
– 
(2.4) 
(0.3) 
(0.1) 
(2.8) 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
10.2 
5.8 
16.0 
(0.1) 
15.9 

2011 
£m 
(2.9) 
(0.4) 
(3.3) 
0.5 
(2.8) 

2012  
£m 
0.8 
0.1 
0.9 
– 
0.9 

Total 
£m 
(5.0) 
(0.2) 
1.0 
(4.2) 
0.5 
(0.9) 
(4.6) 

2011 
£m 
(1.0) 
(0.1) 
(1.1) 
0.1 
(1.0) 

Environmental 
and landfill 
restoration 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 

102.1 
3.2 
– 
0.1 
1.6 
(14.3) 
92.7 

Restructuring  
£m 

Other 
provisions 
£m 

2.7 
2.5 
– 
– 
– 
(1.5) 
3.7 

0.2  
– 
5.3 
– 
– 
– 
5.5 

Total 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 

105.0 
5.7 
5.3 
0.1 
1.6 
(15.8) 
101.9 

The amount charged to the income statement includes £3.7 million (2011 £4.0 million) charged to finance costs as the unwinding  
of discounts in provisions. 

The addition to landfill restoration provision of £1.6 million recognised in the year has been matched with an addition to property, plant  
and equipment. 

Provisions totalling £5.3 million (2011 nil) have been transferred from other payables. 

The analysis of provisions between current and non-current is: 

Current  
Non-current  

2011 
(Restated 
note 37) 
£m 
16.3 
88.7 
105.0 

2012 
£m 
25.6 
76.3 
101.9 

Environmental and landfill restoration provisions are expected to be substantially utilised throughout the operational life of a site and for 
landfill sites within 30 years of closure. The provisions have been established assuming current waste management technology based 
upon estimated costs at future prices which have been discounted to present value. 

The restructuring provision related principally to severance costs and will be utilised within one year. 

100  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Share capital 

Group and Company 
Authorised 
429,975,270 Ordinary shares of 40.7p each  

Allotted, called-up and fully paid 

Group and Company 
At 1 April 2010 Ordinary shares of 40.7p each  
Shares issued under the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Shares re-issued under the Company’s Performance and Co-investment Plan 
For consideration of £1.6 million, shares re-issued under the Company’s  
Sharesave Scheme  
At 31 March 2011 Ordinary shares of 40.7p each  
Shares issued under the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Shares re-issued under the Company’s Performance and Co-investment Plan 
For consideration of £0.3 million, shares re-issued to the Pennon Employee Share Trust 
For consideration of £1.6 million, shares re-issued under the Company’s  
Sharesave Scheme  
At 31 March 2012 Ordinary shares of 40.7p each  

2012  
£m 

2011 
£m 

175.0 

175.0 

Number of shares 

Treasury 
shares 

Ordinary 
shares 

5,092,574  352,058,253 
4,129,038 
328,240 

– 
(328,240) 

(454,767) 

454,767 
4,309,567  356,970,298 
2,941,306 
246,793 
44,667 

– 
(246,793) 
(44,667) 

(385,402) 

385,402 
3,632,705  360,588,466 

£m 

145.3 
1.7 
– 

– 
147.0 
1.2 
– 
– 

– 
148.2 

Shares held as treasury shares may be sold or re-issued for any of the Company’s share schemes, or cancelled. 

Employee share schemes 
The Group operates a number of equity-settled share plans for the benefit of employees. Details of each plan are: 

i) Sharesave Scheme 
An all-employee savings related plan is operated that enables employees, including Executive Directors, to invest up to a maximum of 
£250 per month for three or five years. These savings can then be used to buy Ordinary shares, at a price set at a 20% discount to the 
market value at the start of the savings period, at the third, fifth or seventh year anniversary of the option being granted. Options expire  
six months following the exercise date and, except for certain specific circumstances such as redundancy, lapse if the employee leaves  
the Group before the option exercise period commences. 

Outstanding options to subscribe for Ordinary shares of 40.7p each under the Company’s share option schemes are:   

6 July 2004 
5 July 2005 
4 July 2006 
3 July 2007 
8 July 2008  
6 July 2009 
28 June 2010 
29 June 2011 

Date granted 
and 
subscription 
price fully paid 
200p 
270p  
358p  
522p  
517p  
386p  
431p 
536p 

Period when 
options normally 
exercisable 
2007 – 2011 
2008 – 2012  
2009 – 2013 
2010 – 2014  
2011 – 2015  
2012 – 2016  
2013 – 2017 
2014 – 2018 

Thousands of shares in 
respect of which options 
outstanding at 31 March 
2011 
70 
33 
160 
101 
275 
1,242 
683 
– 
2,564 

2012 
– 
30 
39 
88 
79 
1,184 
608 
580 
2,608 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  101 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

31. Share capital continued 
i) Sharesave Scheme continued 
The number and weighted average exercise price of Sharesave options are: 

At 1 April  
Granted  
Forfeited  
Exercised 
Expired 
At 31 March  

2012 

2011 

Number of 
Ordinary 
shares 
(thousands) 
2,564 
593 
(123) 
(385) 
(41) 
2,608 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
per share (p) 
409 
536 
438 
405 
439 
437 

Number of 
Ordinary 
shares 
(thousands) 
2,472 
699 
(119) 
(455) 
(33) 
2,564 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
per share (p) 
396 
431 
429 
361 
450 
409 

The weighted average price of the Company’s shares at the date of exercise of Sharesave options during the year was 656p (2011 478p). 
The options outstanding at 31 March 2012 had a weighted average exercise price of 437p (2011 409p) and a weighted average 
remaining contractual life of 3.0 years (2011 2.4 years). 

The aggregate fair value of Sharesave options granted during the year was £0.9 million (2011 £0.8 million), determined using the Black-
Scholes valuation model. The significant inputs into the valuation model at the date of issue of the options were: 

Weighted average share price  
Weighted average exercise price  
Expected volatility  
Expected life  
Risk-free rate  
Expected dividend yield  

2012 
670p 
536p 
27.4% 
3.9 years 
1.4% 
4.3% 

2011 
539p 
431p 
29.0% 
4.1 years 
1.4% 
4.5% 

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Group’s share price over the previous two years. 

102  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
31. Share capital continued 
ii) Performance and Co-investment Plan 
Executive Directors and senior management receive a conditional award of Ordinary shares in the Company and are also required  
to hold a substantial personal shareholding in the Company. The eventual number of shares, if any, which vest is dependent upon the 
achievement of conditions of the plan over the restricted period, being not less than three years. 

The number and price of shares in the Performance and Co-investment Plan are: 

At 1 April  
Granted  
Vested 
Lapsed 
At 31 March  

2012 

2011 

Number of 
Ordinary 
shares 
(thousands) 
1,559 
454 
(247) 
(359) 
1,407 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
per share (p) 
550 
698 
637 
586 
573 

Number of 
Ordinary 
shares 
(thousands) 
1,465 
530 
(328) 
(108) 
1,559 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
per share (p) 
554 
546 
557 
557 
550 

The awards outstanding at 31 March 2012 had a weighted exercise price of 573p (2011 550p) and a weighted average remaining 
contractual life of 1.3 years (2011 1.3 years). 

The aggregate fair value of awards granted during the year was £2.0 million (2011 £2.1 million) determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation 
model. The significant inputs into the valuation model at the date of the share awards were: 

Weighted average share price  
Expected volatility  
Risk-free rate  

2012 
698p 
27.4% 
1.4% 

2011 
546p 
29.0% 
1.4% 

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Group’s share price over the previous two years. 

iii) Annual Incentive Bonus Plan – Deferred Shares 
Awards under the plan to Executive Directors and senior management involve the release of Ordinary shares in the Company to 
participants. There is no performance condition since vesting is conditional upon continuous service with the Group for a period of three 
years from the award. The number and weighted average price of shares in the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan are: 

At 1 April 
Granted  
Vested  
Lapsed 
At 31 March  

2012 

2011 

Number of 
Ordinary 
shares 
(thousands) 
459 
175 
(202) 
(5) 
427 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
per share (p) 
557 
725 
608 
522 
602 

Number of 
Ordinary 
shares 
(thousands) 
291 
175 
(7) 
– 
459 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
per share (p) 
547 
572 
529 
– 
557 

The awards outstanding at 31 March 2012 had a weighted average exercise price of 602p (2011 557p) and a weighted average 
remaining contractual life of 1.5 years (2011 1.5 years). The Company’s share price at the date of the awards ranged from 473p to 725p. 

The aggregate fair value of awards granted during the year was £1.2 million (2011 £1.0 million), determined from market value. No option 
pricing methodology is applied since dividends declared on the shares are receivable by the participants in the scheme. 

Further details of the plans and options granted to Directors, included above, are shown in the Directors’ remuneration report. 

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Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

32. Share premium account 

Group and Company 
At 1 April 2010 
Adjustment for shares issued under the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
At 31 March 2011 
Adjustment for shares issued under the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
At 31 March 2012 

£m 

10.9 
(1.7) 
9.2 
(1.2) 
8.0 

33. Capital redemption reserve 
The capital redemption reserve represents the redemption of B shares and cancellation of Deferred shares arising from a capital return  
to shareholders undertaken during 2006. 

Group and Company 
At 1 April 2010 
At 31 March 2011 
At 31 March 2012  

34. Retained earnings and other reserves 

Group 
At 1 April 2010 
Profit for the year  
Other comprehensive loss for the year 
Dividends paid relating to 2010 
Adjustment for shares issued under the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Credit to equity in respect of share-based payments  
Transfer from hedging reserve to property, plant and equipment 
Deferred tax in respect of share-based payments  
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued  
At 31 March 2011  
Profit for the year  
Other comprehensive loss for the year 
Dividends paid relating to 2011 
Adjustment for shares issued under the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Credit to equity in respect of share-based payments  
Deferred tax in respect of share-based payments 
Charge in respect of share options vesting 
Own shares acquired by the Pennon Employee Share Trust in respect  
of share options granted 
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued  
At 31 March 2012  

Own shares 
£m 

Hedging 
reserve 
£m 

Retained 
earnings  
£m 

(2.2) 
–  
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(2.2) 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
0.7 

(0.3) 
– 
(1.8) 

(12.9) 
–  
(0.4) 
– 
– 
– 
0.3 
– 
– 

 (13.0)  

– 
(18.7) 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
(31.7) 

377.6 
171.6 
(3.6) 
(79.6) 
22.8 
3.4 
– 
0.5 
1.6 
494.3 
172.4 
(47.1) 
(88.2) 
19.1 
3.6 
(0.1) 
(0.7) 

– 
1.9 
555.2 

 £m 

144.2 
144.2 
144.2 

Total 
£m 

362.5 
171.6 
(4.0) 
(79.6) 
22.8 
3.4 
0.3 
0.5 
1.6 
479.1 
172.4 
(65.8) 
(88.2) 
19.1 
3.6 
(0.1) 
– 

(0.3) 
1.9 
521.7 

The own shares reserve represents the cost of Ordinary shares in Pennon Group Plc issued to or purchased in the market and held by  
the Pennon Employee Share Trust to satisfy awards under the Group’s Annual Incentive Bonus Plan. 

The market value of the 433,000 Ordinary shares (2011 589,000 Ordinary shares) held by the trust at 31 March 2012 was £3.1 million 
(2011 £3.7 million). 

104  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34. Retained earnings and other reserves continued 

Company 
At 1 April 2010 
Profit for the year  
Other comprehensive income for the year 
Dividends paid relating to 2010  
Adjustment for shares issued under the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Credit to equity in respect of share-based payments  
Deferred tax in respect of share-based payments  
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued 
At 31 March 2011 
Profit for the year  
Other comprehensive loss for the year 
Dividends paid relating to 2011  
Adjustment for shares issued under the Scrip Dividend Alternative 
Credit to equity in respect of share-based payments  
Proceeds from treasury shares re-issued 
At 31 March 2012 

35. Cash flow from operating activities 
Reconciliation of profit for the year to cash generated from operations: 

Cash generated from operations 

Continuing operations 
Profit for the year  
Adjustments for: 
  Share-based payments  
  Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
  Depreciation charge  
  Amortisation of intangible assets  
  Share of post-tax profit from joint ventures 
  Finance income 
  Finance costs  
  Dividends receivable  
  Taxation charge/(credit) 
Changes in working capital (excluding the effect of acquisition  
of subsidiaries): 

Increase in inventories 
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables 
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables  

  Decrease in retirement benefit obligations from contributions 
  Decrease in provisions  
Cash generated/(outflow) from operations  

Hedging 
reserve 
£m  

Retained 
earnings 
£m 

(0.3) 
– 
0.3 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(0.3) 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(0.3) 

487.7 
90.1 
2.4 
(79.6) 
22.8 
0.7 
0.1 
1.6 
525.8 
116.3 
(3.3) 
(88.2) 
19.1 
0.8 
1.9 
572.4 

Group 

2012 
£m 

2011 
£m 

Company 

2012  
£m 

172.4 

171.6 

116.3 

3.6 
(2.8) 
145.6 
1.4 
(4.0) 
(119.3) 
191.6 
– 
28.1 

(1.7) 
(27.3) 
(13.2) 
(35.3) 
(14.4) 
324.7 

3.4 
(2.3) 
141.0 
0.7 
(4.3) 
(45.1) 
121.8 
– 
16.9 

(0.6) 
(25.5) 
30.3 
(18.1) 
(13.6) 
376.2 

0.8 
– 
0.1 
– 
– 
(59.7) 
60.6 
(117.5) 
2.1 

– 
25.0 
(5.7) 
(3.1) 
– 
18.9 

Total 
£m 

487.4 
90.1 
2.7 
(79.6) 
22.8 
0.7 
0.1 
1.6 
525.8 
116.3 
(3.6) 
(88.2) 
19.1 
0.8 
1.9 
572.1 

2011 
£m 

90.1 

0.7 
– 
0.1 
– 
– 
(23.6) 
26.6 
(93.1) 
(0.4) 

– 
(37.4) 
(5.8) 
(1.4) 
– 
(44.2) 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  105 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

36. Net borrowings 

Cash and cash deposits  
Borrowings – current 
Bank overdrafts  
Other current borrowings  
Finance lease obligations  
Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings 
Total current borrowings  
Borrowings – non-current 
Bank and other loans  
Other non-current borrowings  
Finance lease obligations  
Total non-current borrowings 
Total net borrowings 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
425.3 

(10.5) 
(274.3) 
(40.7) 
– 
(325.5) 

(729.4) 
(231.5) 
(1,243.5) 
(2,204.4) 
(2,104.6) 

2011 
£m 
555.5 

(18.1) 
(56.4) 
(24.7) 
– 
(99.2) 

(948.4) 
(252.5) 
(1,189.2) 
(2,390.1) 
(1,933.8) 

2012  
£m 
158.9 

– 
(253.2) 
– 
(281.2) 
(534.4) 

(356.8) 
– 
– 
(356.8) 
(732.3) 

2011 
£m 
236.6 

– 
(34.9) 
– 
(281.2) 
(316.1) 

(572.9) 
– 
– 
(572.9) 
(652.4) 

37. Acquisitions 
On 6 June 2011 the entire issued share capital of Storm Recycling Limited (renamed Viridor (Winsford) Limited) was purchased by Viridor 
Waste Management Limited for a cash consideration of £1.7 million. The acquisition has been accounted for using the acquisition method. 
Provisional goodwill of £1.8 million has been capitalised. 

On 17 November 2011 the entire issued share capital of JWS Churngold Limited (renamed Viridor (Lancashire) Limited) was purchased by 
Viridor Waste Management Limited for a cash consideration of £14.3 million. The acquisition has been accounted for using the acquisition 
method. Provisional goodwill of nil has been capitalised. 

On 29 November 2011 the entire issued share capital of Community Waste Holding Limited (renamed Viridor (Community Recycling MKH) 
Limited) was purchased by Viridor Waste Management Limited for a consideration of £18.5 million. Community Waste Recycling Limited 
(renamed Viridor (Community Recycling MK) Limited) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Viridor (Community Recycling MKH) Limited. The 
acquisition has been accounted for using the acquisition method. Provisional goodwill of £16.7 million has been capitalised. 

On 31 October 2011 Viridor Waste Management Limited acquired Veolia’s trade waste collection interests in Cornwall and North Devon 
for £0.6 million. On 1 January 2012 Viridor Waste Management Limited acquired Veolia’s industrial and commercial collection interests in 
Devon and Somerset for £7.6 million. The acquisition of these trades has been accounted for using the acquisition method. Provisional 
goodwill of £8.2 million has been capitalised. 

The residual excesses over the net assets acquired in each business combination has been recognised as goodwill. The provisional 
goodwill from each business combination is attributed to the profitability of the acquired business. 

106  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37. Acquisitions continued 

Fair values on acquisition 

Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment  
Inventories 
Receivables 
Cash and cash deposits  
Payables  
Taxation – current  
Leases 
Provisions 
Net (liabilities)/assets acquired  
Goodwill  
Total consideration  
Satisfied by: 
Cash  
Unsecured loan notes 
Deferred consideration 
Net cash outflow arising on acquisition 
Cash consideration  
Cash and cash deposits acquired  

Revenue for the period since acquisition to 31 March 2012 
Profit/(loss) before tax for the period since acquisition to  
31 March 2012 
Directly attributable costs included in other operating expenses 

Storm 
Recycling 
£m 
– 
0.1 
– 
0.5 
0.2 
(0.7) 
(0.1) 
– 
(0.1) 
(0.1) 
1.8 
1.7 

JWS 
Churngold 
£m 
14.5 
– 
– 
1.0 
0.5 
(1.5) 
(0.2) 
– 
– 
14.3 
– 
14.3 

Community 
Recycling 
£m 
– 
0.8 
0.1 
1.8 
3.6 
(3.8) 
(0.6) 
(0.1) 
– 
1.8 
16.7 
18.5 

1.7 
– 
– 

1.7 
(0.2) 
1.5 
0.8 

0.1 
– 

14.3 
– 
– 

14.3 
(0.5) 
13.8 
2.1 

0.6 
0.2 

9.3 
8.3 
0.9 

9.3 
(3.6) 
5.7 
1.9 

(0.9) 
0.8 

Veolia 
Trade 
£m 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
8.2 
8.2 

8.2 
– 
– 

8.2 
– 
8.2 
1.1 

– 
0.5 

Total 
£m 
14.5 
0.9 
0.1 
3.3 
4.3 
(6.0) 
(0.9) 
(0.1) 
(0.1) 
16.0 
26.7 
42.7 

33.5 
8.3 
0.9 

33.5 
(4.3) 
29.2 
5.9 

(0.2) 
1.5 

If all the acquisitions had occurred on 1 April 2011 Group revenues for the year would have been £1,248.9 million and profit before tax  
for the year would have been £202.7 million. These amounts have been calculated after applying the Group’s accounting policies and 
adjusting the results to reflect the provisional fair value adjustments. 

Restatements 
At 31 March 2011 the accounting for the following acquisitions was provisional:  
•  Oakley Waste Management Limited (renamed Viridor Waste (Corby) Limited) and Basecall Limited, acquired from Reconomy 

(Acquisitions) Limited 

•  Pearsons Group Holdings Limited 
•  Adapt Recycling Limited (renamed Viridor Waste (Adapt) Limited) 
•  Swinnerton Environmental Limited (renamed Viridor Waste (Bury) Limited) 
•  Martock Waste Paper Company Limited (renamed Viridor (Martock) Limited). 
Completion of the accounting for the acquisitions has resulted in an increase to goodwill of £8.0 million, a decrease in property, plant and 
equipment of £4.8 million, a decrease in inventories of £0.2 million, a decrease in trade and other receivables of £1.6 million, a decrease in 
trade and other payables of £5.4 million, an increase in current tax payable of £0.1 million, a decrease in deferred tax of £1.3 million and an 
increase of £8.0 million in provisions. 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

38. Principal subsidiary, joint venture and associate undertakings at 31 March 2012 

Water and sewerage 
South West Water Limited* 
  South West Water Finance Plc 
  Source Contact Management Limited 
Source Collections Limited 

Waste management 
Viridor Limited*  
  Viridor Waste Limited  

Viridor Waste Exeter Limited  
Viridor Waste Suffolk Limited 
Viridor Waste (West Sussex) Limited 
Viridor Waste Management Limited  
Viridor EnviroScot Limited  

  Pearsons Group Holdings Limited 

Viridor Waste (Thetford) Limited 
Viridor Resource Management Limited  
Viridor Waste Kent Limited  
Viridor (Martock) Limited  
Viridor Oxfordshire Limited  

  Handside Limited  

Viridor EfW (Runcorn) Limited  
Viridor Waste (Landfill Restoration) Limited  
Viridor Waste (Somerset) Limited  
Viridor Waste (Thames) Limited  
Viridor Waste (Greater Manchester) Limited 
Viridor Parkwood Holdings Limited 
Viridor Polymer Recycling Limited 
Viridor (Community Recycling MKH) Limited 

Viridor (Community Recycling MK) Limited 

Viridor (Winsford) Limited 
Viridor Trident Park Limited 
Viridor (Glasgow) Limited 
Viridor (Lancashire) Limited 
Viridor (Cheshire) Limited 

Other 
Peninsula Insurance Limited* 

Country of incorporation, 
registration and principal 
operations  

England 
England 
England 
England 

England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
Scotland 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
British Virgin Islands† 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 
England 

Guernsey 

* 

Indicates the shares are held directly by Pennon Group Plc, the Company 

†  Operations are carried out in England 

The subsidiary undertakings are wholly-owned and all shares in issue are Ordinary shares. All companies above are consolidated in the 
Group financial statements. 

108  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38. Principal subsidiary, joint venture and associate undertakings at 31 March 2012 continued 
Joint ventures and associate 
All joint ventures, the associate and the subsidiary undertakings of Lakeside Energy from Waste Holdings Limited, Viridor Laing (Greater 
Manchester) Holdings Limited and INEOS Runcorn (TPS) Holdings Limited are incorporated and registered in England which is also their 
country of operation. 

Share capital in issue 

Percentage held 

Principal activity 

Lakeside Energy from Waste Holdings Limited 

1,000,000 A Ordinary shares 
1,000,000 B Ordinary shares 

– 
100%

  Lakeside Energy from Waste Limited 
Shares in Lakeside Energy from Waste Holdings Limited are held by Viridor Waste Management Limited. 

  Waste management 

Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Holdings Limited 
  Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Limited 
Shares in Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Holdings Limited are held by Viridor Waste Management Limited. 

2 Ordinary shares 

50%

  Waste management 

INEOS Runcorn (TPS) Holdings Limited 

1,000 A Ordinary shares 
186,750 B1 Ordinary shares 
62,250 B2 Ordinary shares  

INEOS Runcorn (TPS) Limited 

Shares in INEOS Runcorn (TPS) Holdings Limited are held by Viridor Waste Management Limited. 

39. Operating lease commitments   

20%
50%
– 
  Waste management 

The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable 
operating leases are: 
Within 1 year  
Between 2 and 5 years  
Over 5 years  

Group 

2012 
£m 

8.8 
26.1 
75.5 
110.4 

2011 
£m 

8.7 
23.1 
82.3 
114.1 

Company 

2012  
£m 

2011 
£m 

– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 

The Group leases various offices, depots and workshops under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. The leases have various 
terms, escalation clauses and renewal rights. Property leases are negotiated for an average term of 25 years and rentals are reviewed  
on average at five-yearly intervals. 

The Group also leases plant and machinery under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. 

40. Contingent liabilities 

Guarantees: 
  Borrowing facilities of subsidiary undertakings  
  Contractors’ claims on capital schemes  
  Performance bonds  
Other  

Group 

2012 
£m 

– 
– 
117.4 
6.9 
124.3 

2011 
£m 

– 
0.3 
107.8 
6.9 
115.0 

Company 

2012  
£m 

359.9 
– 
117.4 
6.9 
484.2 

2011 
£m 

371.8 
– 
107.8 
6.9 
486.5 

Guarantees in respect of performance bonds are entered into in the normal course of business. No liability is expected to arise in respect 
of the guarantees. 

Viridor Waste Management Limited has given a commitment to supply 160,000 tonnes of waste per annum (or pay market price based 
compensation) to the energy from waste plant of the joint venture in Lakeside Energy from Waste Holdings Limited. The Directors consider 
that the committed waste volume will be available in the ordinary course of business. 

Other contingent liabilities relate to a possible obligation to pay further consideration in respect of a previously acquired business when the 
outcome of planning applications is known. 

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  109 

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Financial statements Notes to the financial statements  
continued 

41. Capital commitments 

Contracted but not provided 

Group 

Company 

2012 
£m 
545.8 

2011 
£m 
218.3 

2012  
£m 
– 

42. Related party transactions 
During the year, Group companies entered into the following transactions with related parties who are not members of the Group: 

Sales of goods and services 
Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Limited  
Purchase of goods and services 
Lakeside Energy from Waste Limited  

Year-end balances 

Receivables due from related parties 
Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Limited (loan balance) 
Lakeside Energy from Waste Limited (loan balance) 
INEOS Runcorn (TPS) Limited (loan balance) 

Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Limited (trading balance) 
Lakeside Energy from Waste Limited (trading balance) 

Payables due to related parties 
Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Limited (trading balance) 
Lakeside Energy for Waste Limited (trading balance) 

2012  
£m 

80.4 

10.7 

2012  
£m 

40.3 
10.0 
22.3 
72.6 
7.6 
1.0 
8.6 

7.0 
– 

2011 
£m 
 – 

2011 
£m 

82.0 

9.4 

2011 
£m 

32.0 
13.6 
11.0 
56.6 
8.8 
– 
8.8 

7.0 
1.5 

The £72.6 million (2011 £56.6 million) receivable relates to loans to related parties included within receivables and due for repayment  
in instalments between 2012 and 2033. Interest is charged at an average of 14.0% (2011 14.0%). 

The £7.0 million payable relates to consortium relief due to Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Limited. 

Company 
The following transactions with subsidiary undertakings occurred in the year: 

Sales of goods and services (management fees)  
Purchase of goods and services (support services)  
Interest receivable (loans)  
Dividends received  

2012  
£m 
8.4 
0.5 
19.6 
117.5 

2011 
£m 
7.8 
0.5 
18.9 
93.1 

Sales of goods and services to subsidiary undertakings are at cost. Purchases of goods and services from subsidiary undertakings are 
under normal commercial terms and conditions which would also be available to unrelated third parties. 

110  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42. Related party transactions continued 
Year-end balances 

Receivables due from subsidiary undertakings 
Loans  
Trading balances  

2012  
£m 

439.8 
1.9 

2011 
£m 

457.4 
1.1 

Interest on £204.3 million of the loans has been charged at a fixed rate of 4.5% and on £29.6 million at a fixed rate of 6.0%  
(2011 £104.8 million, 5% and £120.5 million, 6.0%).  

Interest on the balance of the loans is charged at 12 month LIBOR +1.5%. The loans are due for repayment in instalments over the period 
2013 to 2017. During the year there were no further provisions (2011 nil) in respect of loans to subsidiaries not expected to be repaid. 

Payables due to subsidiary undertakings 
Loans  
Trading balances  

The loans from subsidiary undertakings are unsecured and interest-free without any terms for repayment. 

2012  
£m 

281.2 
14.4 

2011 
£m 

281.2 
15.1 

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  111 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements 
Five-year financial summary 

Income statement 
Revenue  
Operating profit  
Net finance costs 
Share of profit in joint ventures  
Profit before tax 
Taxation 
Profit for the year  
Dividends proposed 
Earnings per share (basic): 
From continuing operations 
Earnings per share  
Deferred tax  
Earnings per share before deferred tax  
Declared dividends per share  

Capital expenditure 
Acquisitions  
Property, plant and equipment  
Balance sheet 
Non-current assets  
Net current assets 
Non-current liabilities 
Net assets  
Number of employees (average for year) 
Water and sewerage business  
Waste management  
Other businesses  

2012 
£m 

2011 
£m 

2010 
£m 

1,233.1 
268.8 
(72.3) 
4.0 
200.5 
(28.1) 
172.4 
95.9 

48.1p  
(0.8)p 
47.3p 
26.52p 

2012 
£m 

29.2 
257.4 

3,587.8 
13.0 
(2,778.7) 
822.1 

1,335 
3,148 
46 
4,529 

1,159.2 
260.9 
(76.7) 
4.3 
188.5 
(16.9) 
171.6 
88.2 

48.4p 
(6.1)p 
42.3p 
24.65p 

2011 
£m 

25.1 
199.0 

3,347.6 
335.7 
(2,903.8) 
779.5 

1,196 
3,012 
44 
4,252 

1,068.9 
266.3 
(81.6) 
1.1 
185.8 
(44.3) 
141.5 
79.6 

40.4p 
0.4p 
40.8p 
22.55p 

2010 
£m 

9.3 
192.2 

3,189.4 
162.1 
(2,688.6) 
662.9 

1,191 
2,853 
43 
4,087 

2009 
£m 

958.2 
250.8 
(92.2) 
0.8  
159.4 
(69.6) 
89.8  
73.4  

25.8p  
11.1p  
36.9p  
21.00p  

2009 
£m 

3.4  
231.8 

3,036.3 
40.5 
(2,476.2) 
600.6 

1,227  
2,154 
41  
3,422  

2008 
£m 

879.4  
237.7 
 (85.6) 
0.2  
152.3 
(16.4) 
135.9 
69.1  

38.9p  
(2.6)p 
36.3p  
19.81p  

2008 
£m 

89.0  
207.7  

2,931.0  
199.7  
(2,485.2) 
645.5 

1,276  
 2,059  
42 
3,377  

112  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholder information

Financial calendar

Financial year-end
Twenty-third Annual General Meeting
Ex-dividend date for 2012 Final dividend
Record date for 2012 Final dividend
2012 Final dividend payable
2012/13 Half yearly financial report announcement
2013 Interim dividend payable
2013 Preliminary results announcement
Twenty-fourth Annual General Meeting
2013 Final dividend payable

31 March 
26 July 2012
8 August 2012*
10 August 2012*
5 October 2012*
November 2012
April 2013
May 2013
July 2013
October 2013

* These dates are subject to obtaining shareholder approval at the 2012 Annual General Meeting to the payment of a final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2012.

Scrip Dividend Alternative

8 August 2012
10 August 2012 
24 August 2012
17 September 2012
4 October 2012 
5 October 2012
5 October 2012

Shareholder analysis at 31 March 2012

Ordinary shares quoted ex dividend
Record date for final dividend
Posting of Scrip dividend offer
Final date for receipt of Forms of Election/Mandate
Posting of dividend cheques and share certificates
Final dividend payment date
First day of dealing in the new Ordinary shares

Range of shares held
1-100
101-1,000
1,001-5,000
5,001-50,000
50,001-100,000
100,001-HIGHEST

Individuals
Companies
Trust companies (pension funds etc)
Banks and nominees

Number of 
shareholders
2,451
9,468
9,389
1,222
101
264

Percentage 
of total 
shareholders
10.71
41.35
41.01
5.34
0.44
1.15

Percentage 
of Ordinary 
shares
0.02
1.37
5.51
3.77
2.02
87.31

22,895
19,622
217
12
3,044

22,895

100.00
85.70
0.95
0.05
13.30

100.00

100.00
8.15
2.13
0.02
89.70

100.00

Major shareholdings
The net position on 31 March 2012 of investors who have notified interests in the issued share capital of the Company pursuant to the 
Financial Services Authority’s Disclosure and Transparency Rules is as follows:

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Ameriprise Financial Inc
Pictet Asset Management SA
Prudential Plc group of companies
AXA SA and its Group Companies
Invesco Ltd
Legal & General Group Plc

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9.79%
7.10%
5.54%
5.52%
4.77%
3.73%

No changes to the above interests in the issued share capital of the Company have been disclosed to the Company between 31 March 
2012 and 16 June 2012 (being a date not more than one month prior to the date of the Company’s Notice of Annual General Meeting).

Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  113  

 
 
Shareholder information  
continued

Shareholder services
Registrar 
All enquiries concerning shareholdings including notification of change of address, loss of a share certificate or dividend payments should 
be made to the Company’s registrar. The Company’s registrar, Capita Registrars, can be contacted as follows:
Capita Registrars 
Pennon Group Share Register
The Registry
34 Beckenham Road
Beckenham
Kent
BR3 4TU 
Telephone: 0871 664 9234 (calls cost 10p per minute plus network extras) Lines are open 8.30am-5.30pm Monday-Friday.
Overseas telephone: +44 800 141 2951
Email: pennon@capitaregistrars.com
Share dealing service
The telephone share dealing service offered by Stocktrade enables shareholders to buy and sell shares in the Company on a low-cost 
basis and to make regular investments in the Company. Telephone Stocktrade on 0845 601 0995 and quote: LOW CO107. Commission 
is 0.5% (subject to a minimum charge of £17.50) to £10,000, then 0.2% thereafter. 
Share gift service 
Through Sharegift, an independent charity share donation scheme, shareholders who only have a small number of shares with a value 
that makes it uneconomical to sell them, can donate such shares to charity. Donations can be made by completion of a simple share 
transfer form which is available from the Company’s registrars, Capita Registrars. 
Individual Savings Accounts
By holding their shares in the Company in an Individual Savings Account (ISA), shareholders may gain tax advantages. 
Scrip Dividend Alternative
The Company operates a Scrip Dividend Alternative. The Scrip Dividend Alternative provides shareholders with an opportunity to invest 
the whole of, or part of, the cash dividend they receive on their Pennon Group Plc shares to buy further shares in the Company without 
incurring stamp duty or dealing expenses. Subject to obtaining shareholder approval at the 2012 Annual General Meeting to the payment 
of a final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2012, full details of the Scrip Dividend Alternative, including how to join, will be sent out to 
shareholders on 24 August 2012. The full timetable for offering the Scrip Dividend Alternative is given on page 113.
Online portfolio service
The online portfolio service provided by Capita Registrars gives shareholders access to more information on their investments. Details of 
the portfolio service are available online at capitashareportal.com
Electronic communications
The Company has passed a resolution which allows it to communicate with its shareholders by means of its website. 
Shareholders currently receiving a printed copy of the Annual Report who now wish to sign up to receive all future shareholder 
communications electronically, can do so by registering with Capita Registrars’ share portal. Go to capitashareportal.com to register, 
select ‘Account Registration’ and then follow the on-screen instructions by inputting your surname, your Investor Code (which can be 
found on your Form of Proxy) and your postcode as well as entering an e-mail address and selecting a password. 
By registering to receive your shareholder communications electronically, you will also automatically receive your Dividend Tax Vouchers 
electronically. 
Electronic Proxy voting
Shareholders also have the opportunity to register the appointment of a proxy for any general meeting of the Company once notice of  
the meeting has been given and may do so via capitashareportal.com Shareholders who register an e-mail preference will not receive  
a paper proxy form. Instead they will receive an e-mail alert advising them of general meetings of the Company, with links to the Notices 
of Meetings and annual and half yearly financial reports.
The Pennon website
Pennon’s website pennon-group.co.uk provides news and details of the Company’s activities plus links to its business websites. The 
Investor Information section contains up-to-date information for shareholders including comprehensive share price information; financial 
results; dividend payment dates and amounts; and Stock Exchange announcements. There is also a comprehensive share services 
section on the website which includes information on buying, selling and transferring shares; and on the action to be undertaken by 
shareholders in the event of a change in personal circumstances, for example, a change of address.
Further shareholder information may be found at pennon-group.co.uk

114  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Share fraud warning
Share fraud includes scams where investors are called out of the blue and offered shares that often turn out to be worthless or non-
existent, or are offered an inflated price for shares that they own. These calls come from fraudsters operating in ‘boiler rooms’ that 
are mostly based abroad; often they imply a connection to the company concerned and they can be very persistent and extremely 
persuasive. Whilst high profits are promised, those who buy or sell shares in this way usually lose their money. The Financial Services 
Authority (FSA) has found most share fraud victims are experienced investors who lose an average of £20,000, with around £200 
million lost in the UK each year. 
Protect yourself
If you are offered unsolicited investment advice, discounted shares, a premium price for shares you own, or free company or research 
reports, you should take these steps before handing over any money:
1. Get the name of the person and organisation contacting you.
2. Check the FSA Register at fsa.gov.uk/fsaregister to ensure that they are authorised.
3. Use the details on the FSA Register to contact the firm.
4. Call the FSA Consumer Helpline on 0845 606 1234 if there are no contact details on the FSA Register or you are told that the 

Register is out of date.

5. If the calls persist, hang up.
6. REMEMBER: if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!
If you use an unauthorised firm to buy or sell shares or other investments, you will not have access to the Financial Ombudsman 
Service or Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) if things go wrong.
Details of any share dealing facilities that the Company endorses will be included in Company mailings.
Report a scam
If you are approached about a share scam you should tell the FSA using the share fraud reporting form at fsa.gov.uk/scams,  
where you can find out about the latest investment scams. You can also call the Consumer Helpline on 0845 606 1234.
If you have already paid money to share fraudsters you should contact Action Fraud on 0300 123 2040.

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Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012  115  

 
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116  Pennon Group Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012

Pennon Group Plc

Registered Office: 
Peninsula House 
Rydon Lane 
Exeter 
Devon 
England 
EX2 7HR

pennon-group.co.uk 
Registered in England No. 2366640