10166359 (England and Wales)
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2021
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
CONTENTS
Company Information
Chairman’s Statement
Executive Director’s Statement
Operations Report
Financial Report
Strategic Report
Directors’ Report
Directors’ Information
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
Corporate Governance Report
Directors’ Remuneration Report
Audit Committee Report
Report of the Independent Auditor
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Company Statement of Financial Position
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
Company Statements of Changes in Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Company Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Financial Statements
1
Page
2
3
4
8
10
11
16
19
20
21
23
26
28
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
COMPANY INFORMATION
Directors
Secretary
Registered Office
Legal Advisors
Olof Nils Rapp (Senior Non-Executive Director)
Thomas Evans (Executive Director)
David Middleburgh (MA Law Trinity Hall Cambridge)
FHF Corporate Finance Limited
20b Wilton Row
London, SW1 7NS
UK Legal Advisers
Birketts LLP
22 Station Road
Suite 975
Cambridge
CB1 2JD
US Legal Advisers
Walne Law, PLLC
4900 Woodway
Houston, Texas
TX 77056
Fladgate LLP
16 Great Queen Street
London
WC2B 5DG
Porter Hedges LLP
1000 Main Street, 36th Fl.
Houston, Texas
TX 77002
Corporate broker
Independent Auditor
Registrars
CMS Cameron McKenna
Nabarro Olswang LLP
Cannon Place
78 Cannon Street
London
EC4N 6AF
Peterhouse Capital Limited
3rd Floor
80 Cheapside
London
EC2V 6EE
Crowe U.K. LLP
55 Ludgate Hill
London
EC4M 7JW
Computershare Investor Services plc
The Pavilions
Bridgewater Road
Bristol
BS13 8AE
Communications
Instinctif Partners
65 Gresham Street
London
EC2V 7QN
Registered Number
10166359
2
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Pennpetro's intention is to become an active independent North American development production
company with the ability to expand operationally internationally.
The key elements of Pennpetro's strategy for achieving this goal are:
• The creation of value through production development success and operational strengths,
commencing with the Group's City of Gonzales Lease ("COGLA") assets.
• Focusing on commercialisation and monetisation of oil and gas discoveries, and potentially
utilising cash flows from initial projects to fund the acquisition or development of future
projects.
• Active asset portfolio management.
• Positioning the Company as a competent partner of choice to maximise opportunities and
value throughout the E&P lifecycle.
• Asset acquisitions of producing hydrocarbons and suitable green energy technologies.
Our focus during the latter part of 2021 was to continue to develop our proven reserve base at our
licences in Gonzales, which had been previously curtailed by Covid-19 and the ensuing pandemic
conditions imposed across all of the United States.
According to the Group's Competent Person's Report ("CPR"), prepared in December 2017,
Pennpetro had a Working Interest in 2,000 Mbbl of oil and 1,000 MMcf of gas across its Gonzales
leases. On 6 August 2019, Nobel has increased its working interest in the portfolio of petroleum
interests from 75% to 100%, thereby its Working Interest is now over 4,000 MBBL of oil and 2,000
MMcf of gas resulting in a substantive uplift in our valuation metric.
The low oil price environment since mid-2014 presented the opportunity to acquire leases in our
core areas of focus, most notably the prolific Austin Chalk and Eagleford Shale in South Texas.
We have been able to add additional reserves from the Buda Formation from the drilling of an initial
horizontal well, which as prior reported we have now completed with the operator having advised
the Texas Railroad Commission, the local authority, that the well is designated as a discovery and
commercial unit. Commercial quantities of test hydrocarbons have been sold from this well
As previously reported, as water from prior extensive flooding in the Buda oil formation would need
to be pumped out in order to regain pressure and recommence hydrocarbon deliverability from the
reservoir, it was decided that as the Buda operations had now achieved the important positive
result of confirming that this reservoir was now drill confirmed to be oil active over the acreage and
a confirmed secondary recovery reserve, the company's focus would revert to cleaning out and re-
entering the Austin Chalk formation which we had drilled out to 3,300 feet horizontally and which
had tested positive for both oil and gas recovery. The Austin Chalk formation was drilled out at
approximately 7,200 feet sub- surface, whereas the Buda was intersected at 8,500 feet sub-
surface.
4
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
This process would require that we case-off the lower Buda formation until needed to deplete in
the future and initiate a work-over rig operation to re-enter and clean out the horizontally drilled
formation leg to initiate hydrocarbon recovery from this proven oil interval. However, during the
pandemic we continually reviewed our strategic opportunities and decided in line with the results
delivered by some of our close petroleum drilling neighbours to benefit from their operational
experiences and excellent results to move our focus to the drilling of our second horizontal well
(COG#2-H) by way of a Pad (Production Platform). This would also allow us to drill out additional
horizontal legs by way of extension into the differing Austin Chalk pathways at a much condensed
expense. The same methodology would be utilised for our third horizontal well (COG#3-H).
As this operational technique was not available to us at the time for our initial well, COG#1-H, it is
now timely to implement this enhanced drilling arrangement and then return to COG#1-H to
recomplete the well into the prior drill proved production horizon, assessing the economics of the
straight cleanout as currently envisaged, or amplify by utilising the Pad experiences for extending
the lateral out to 5,000 foot as allowable under the initial RRC drilling authority and capture an
additional 3 to 4 fractures which will impact the EUR.
The wells we have drilled and plan to drill are economic at oil prices sub US$30/bbl; record
production rates have been reported as the horizontal laterals are extended and the amount of pay
in each well has increased; drilling and completion costs have been significantly reduced; and initial
decline rates during the first 12-18 months of production are lower than those in other US plays.
Over the last two years, we have taken advantage of depressed market conditions to increase our
exposure to these areas.
West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") averaged US$67.99/bbl during 2021, $28.83 per barrel higher
than in 2020. The value of WTI as at 23 June 2022 was US$105.32/bbl. (source: Bloomberg
Markets).
The attached chart shows WTI pricing from January 2021 through to 23 June 2022.
(source: www.tradingeconomics.com)
5
source:(cid:9)tradingeconomics.comCrude(cid:9)Oil(cid:9)WTI(cid:9)(UTC+1)1JulOct2022Apr5060708090100110120130
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Operations
In terms of our operations, prior to the onset of the pandemic restrictions, our focus had been on
completing our initial horizontal well and organizing the permitting of our second targeted horizontal
well (COG#2-H) situated to the north of COG#1-H. Our operator has filed formal completion
certificates with the Texas Railroad Commission confirming that the COG#1-H well was being
completed as a producer. As explained, our emphasis has now moved to the development and
drilling of COG#2-H, and our prior stated activity pertaining to the COG#1-H Austin Chalk oil
operations, will be held pending post the drilling of COG#2-H well into production. Once the process
of water removal from the lower reservoirs of COG#1-H is completed - an operation which we have
decided to complete with the lower formation being cased-off and to re-enter and take hydrocarbon
production from the upper Austin Chalk, from which we initially took oil.
Financially, the Company used 2021 to further lay the foundations for future revenue generation.
Reduced economic activity related to the COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in energy demand
and supply patterns in 2020 which aggressively changed late 2021 and will continue to affect these
patterns in the future
During early 2020 the oil price was severally antagonised by the emergence of the Covid-19
world-wide pandemic, leading to the most unsettled oil environment for many years. However,
during 2021 due to both the US shale industry being severally impacted by the oil price and re-
emergence of a combined consensus at OPEC, there was been not only a re-emergence of
price stability, but a very significant uplift in the oil price to - with many commentators predicting
that this pricing trend will not only stabilise over the coming year, but further increase yet again
to potentially challenge what we call $100+ oil. To this bullish scenario, it needs to be further
understood that the Company's oil deliveries benefit from an approximately $5-$7 pricing
premium for local refiners as they need our slightly heavier oil to blend out with lighter oil for
domestic delivery. With the advent of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the
energy markets have been placed under extreme pressures with the price of both Brent and
West Texas being constantly in the $120 zone.
In this stabilised oil price environment, Pennpetro has emerged from the oil vicissitudes as a low-
cost, primarily asset-backed US onshore oil and gas business, with exciting international interests.
Subject to oil prices, market conditions and sentiment, I remain confident that we can deliver our
strategy by not only acquiring leases in active and producing US onshore plays and proving up the
reserves by drilling new wells, but also by our new strategic acquisition focus on producing assets
and directive into green energy initiatives.
To this we add our broad approach to engagement within the international sector by initially
farming-into Tunisian assets which hold great promise in the wake of the ongoing energy
deficiencies being experienced within the European energy environment and which seem destined
to remain as such for the future. This arrangement is conditional upon certain approvals and
extension of the license area being approved by the Tunisian authorities.
This platform is one that has, at its core, the active management of all types of risk associated with
the oil and gas industry. Broadly speaking development risk is managed by focusing on proven
formations; execution risk is managed by participating in drilling activities with solid experienced
industry personnel, which we have in Houston who have an extensive history in South Texas
petroleum activities, as well as our operations offsetting those of major industry players; individual
well risk is managed by building a diversified portfolio of leases and wells; meanwhile oil price risk
is managed by focusing on areas that require relatively low oil prices to breakeven and ensuring
our cost base, capital commitments and financing costs remain low, manageable and flexible.
6
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Our domestic US asset acquisition strategies generally only targets producing assets and applying
proven horizontal technologies to conventional reserves from a firm productive foundation. This
initiative is being driven through our Houston technical office with a number of asset opportunities
having been investigated, and now with the new era post Covid-19 upon us, we expect further new
opportunities.
Pennpetro's Board currently comprises two Directors, who collectively have extensive international
experience and a proven track record in investment, corporate finance and business acquisition,
operation and development and are well placed to implement the Company's business objectives
and strategy highly active plays. The appointment of Andy Clifford in April 2020, a highly seasoned
and experienced oil professional as the President of the Company's operational subsidiary Nobel
Petroleum USA, Inc., emphasises the Company's dedication to its forward development profile.
We believe the Company's Board and US management team is strong in terms of having the right
mix of industry expertise covering all key areas of the business, including lease acquisition,
geology, engineering, and finance.
During June 2021 the Company also concluded a three-year £20 Million shares subscription facility
with the GEM Group, New York (a US$3.4 billion alternative investment group), through their
affiliates. The Company also agreed to issue 12,000,000 warrants exercisable at 40 pence each
as part of this transaction.
Outlook
In line with our strategy, all our operations are in highly active plays where the economics of drilling
and producing remain attractive at sub-US$30 oil prices. This highlights the success we have had
in taking advantage of the prior industry downturn to accelerate the positioning of our South Texas
leasehold position in favour of the Austin Chalk and Eagleford Shale. With a strategic foothold in
these prolific, low-cost plays established and a proven management team in place, we will look to
further expand our position in this US onshore sweet spot, as and when management considers it
most advantageous to do so.
For 2021, our main objectives were to exit the prior pandemic issues and to build upon the initiative
that commenced with the completion of our initial well, COG#1-H, and to further acquire additional
land leases and to progress the permitting and horizontal development of our second objective
well. As explained, during the pandemic we reassessed our strategic drivers with the notion of how
we were going to deliver our second and third horizontal wells with a greater technical focus. I look
forward to providing updates on our progress in the year ahead.
Finally, I would like to thank the Board, management team and all our advisers for their hard work
over the last twelve months and also to our shareholders for their continued support.
Thomas Evans
Executive Director
12 July 2022
7
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
OPERATIONS REPORT
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Operations Report
Summary
Nobel Petroleum USA, Inc., has operational teams on the ground working from its offices in the
City of Gonzales. During the period, one new horizontal well in which the Group has an interest
commenced completion activity. The Group was planning to initiate an encompassing 3D seismic
survey in 2020 with Dawson Geophysical Company to complement its comprehensive well logs
geological analysis, together with an enhanced programme of additional new petroleum leasing
contiguous to the area, with proposed planning to provide a further number of permitted drilling
locations by year end. However, the onset of COVID-19 curtailed these plans. Planning is now
initiated for the drilling of the Company's second horizontal well, COG#2-H, for reasons as
explained in detail herein, with the side-track/re-entry to the oil-bearing Lower Austin Chalk
formation in the Company's initial production well, COG #1-H, reserved for that operation post
completion of COG#2-H.
In addition, the Company's recently formed corporate entity, Pennpetro USA Corp, Inc., through its
highly regarded Houston based technical teams, has continued to examine a number of asset
opportunities encompassing producing hydrocarbons with offsetting strategic leasehold interests
capable of both additional infill and expansionary drilling locations, which has been amplified by
the new era deigned by the global Covid-19 virus pandemic.
SOUTH TEXAS
The Company, through its indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Nobel Petroleum USA, Inc., holds
interests in acreage within active oil and gas plays within the County of Gonzales, State of Texas:
The Austin Chalk, and Eagleford Shale horizontal development and vertical development of the
Buda formation. Nobel Petroleum USA, Inc. has observed an increase in the value of its interests
within its project acreage, due in part to uplifting its active equity interests and increased
consolidation of its acreage positions, and the continued worldwide oil price escalations due to
prevailing international concerns.
Of interest is the recent drilling being undertaken to the southern edge of the Nobel operational
area by the Millennium Group, who have averaged over 400 bpd of oil.
Austin Chalk
The play covers an extensive area with over a million acres yet to be developed and runs all the
way from the Pearsale Field south of Gonzales to the giant Giddings Oil Field, the largest oilfield
found in Texas in the past 50 years to the north of Gonzales, and further north onto the North
Rayou Jack Field. Recently, this play has extended into western Louisiana with a number of major
players including EOR Resources and Marathon acquiring strong acreage positions. The Austin
Chalk overlays the oil rich Eagleford Shale, with both formations capable of interacting with each
other, and is a low permeability fractured reservoir that has been the target for horizontal drilling
since the mid-1980s and consists of interbedded chalks, volcanic ash, and marls. It is located at
drill depths from 7,000 to 8,000 feet. It can be a liquids-rich play, yielding high volumes of oil and
condensate. Initial production rates can range over 1,000 bopd with ultimate reserves exceeding
500 MBO per well.
Eagleford Shale
The Eagle Ford continues to prove itself as a world-class crude oil formation having produced in
excess of 2.9 billion barrels of crude oil and condensate. This play is classified as a petroleum
system in that it is a self-sourced reservoir with seals. Migration of Eagleford hydrocarbons was
primarily along bedding planes during the expulsion phase. Absent of traps, hydrocarbons migrated
up-dip or north where vertical natural fractures were encountered. These natural fractures were
associated with the regional fault trends. Here, the hydrocarbons migrated into the extensively
fractured Austin Chalk. Initial production rates with laterals can exceed 1,000 bopd.
8
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
OPERATIONS REPORT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Buda Formation
The Buda is a biomicritic limestone lying below the Eagleford Shale and above the Del Rio Shale.
There has been an increase in the focus on, and the development of, the Buda formation by a
number of US operators in South Texas, with a number of horizontal wells having been completed.
It is a development we are following closely.
As previously identified, while the Buda has always been acknowledged as a resource play in
South Texas, it sits at the bottom of our drilling prognosis, as it can be drilled as a separate vertical
completion and added to our overall horizontal programme. Furthermore, its unit spacing can be
brought significantly down to 40 acres, thereby fulfilling a separate in-fill operation alongside our
horizontal drilling focus.
Thomas Evans
Executive Director
12 July 2022
9
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
FINANCIAL REPORT
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
The financial results for the group for the year ended 31 December 2021 are presented below:
The financial results for the year ended 31 December 2021 show a loss after tax of $1,311,707
(2020: loss $1,046,512).
The majority of the cost contributing to the Group’s loss for the year included legal and professional
fees, loan arrangement fees, directors’ emoluments and interest charges, which were in line with
the Board’s expectations.
The Group’s borrowings at 31 December 2021 were $4,256,262 (2020: $3,727,995). In addition,
as reported in the prior year, the repayment date for the loan facility with Petroquest Energy Limited
wasa extended a further year to 31 December 2023.
The Group had cash balances at 31 December 2021 of $1,828 (2020: $1,329) and short-term
investments of $34,914 (2020: $49,152). The year on year movement in cash and short-term
investments was primarily a result of cash used in operating activities and development
expenditure.
As at 31 December 2021, the Group had $878,000 (2020 $1.1m) still available to draw under its
loan facility of $5m with Petroquest Energy Limited.
In addition, the Group had a receivables balance at 31 December 2021 of $309,456 (2020:
$308,943).
Additions of $617 were capitalised in property, plant and equipment during 2021 on the Petroleum
mineral leases. As at 31 December 2021, total property, plant and equipment held by the Group
was $1,384,931 (2020: $1,384,314).
No expenditure was capitalised during the year, and therefore the cumulative drilling-related
expenditure capitalised in intangible assets remained at $4,233,890 at 31 December 2021 (2020:
$4,233,890).
Thomas Evans
Executive Director
12 July 2022
10
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
The Directors present their strategic report on the group for the year ended 31 December 2021.
Principal Activities
The principal activity of the Group is onshore oil and gas exploration and production in the United
States of America. Pennpetro Energy Plc acts as a holding company and provides direction and
other services to its subsidiaries.
Pennpetro USA Corp., holds 100% of the US operational subsidiary Nobel Petroleum USA, Inc.
(“Nobel USA”), an independent oil and gas production company based in the City of Gonzales,
Gonzales County, Texas, USA. Nobel USA took over the activities of Nobel Petroleum LLC, the
Company’s other subsidiary entity in December 2017 pursuant to a seamless internal
reorganisation of operational activities and taxation advice. Nobel USA’s core area of business is
in the Austin Chalk and Eagleford Shale oil and gas horizontal formations together with the lower
oil and gas reservoir, the Buda Formation in South Texas, United States.
The review of business and future developments is included in the Executive Directors’ Statement
and the Operations Report. A review of the financial performance and position is included in the
Financial Report.
A summary of the operations conducted by the Group is detailed in both the Executive Directors’
Statement and the Operations Report.
Strategic Approach
The Board’s strategic intent is to maximise shareholder value through the continuing investment
into new wells and leases in proven US onshore formations and participating alongside established
operators in multiple wells, while further reducing costs, where applicable.
The Company provides shareholders with exposure to the high growth associated with the
producing oil and gas sector. This is achieved with a low overhead base.
Key Performance Indicators
The Board monitors the overall performance of the Group by reference to certain key milestones.
The Group considers its financial KPI’s to include:
Key performance indicators
Net cash flows from operating activities
Cash and short-term investments
Headroom on loan facilities
2021
$
(251,740)
36,742
878,000
2020
$
72,400
50,481
1.1mil
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, we closed our operations in Gonzales from March 2020 to October
2021.
11
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Participation in well drilling programmes are monitored on an individual project basis in terms of
revenue and cost per barrel of oil or Mcf (one thousand cubic feet) of gas, together with the
anticipated payback period on each project.
Board diversity
Although the Board consisted of two male Directors, the Board supports diversity in the boardroom.
Aside from the Directors, there are no employees in the Company. The Board will pursue an equal
opportunity policy and seek to employ those persons most suitable to delivering value for the
Company.
Corporate responsibility
The Group operates a management system that embodies Environmental, Health, Safety and
Social Responsibility principles.
A number of objectives have been set by the Board to address these principles and the Executive
director is responsible for demonstrating to the Board that these principles are adhered to in its US
Oil and Gas operation.
The policy of the Board of Pennpetro is to be fully accountable for the necessary practices,
procedures and means being in place so as to ensure that each objective is demonstrated and that
continuous improvement practices are operating to ensure that the required practices, procedures
and means are being monitored, refined and optimised as necessary.
The objectives of the Environment, Health, Safety and Social Responsibility Policy include:
• The Group shall manage all operations in a manner that protects the environment and the
health and safety of employees, third parties and the community.
• Risk identification, assessment and prioritisation can reduce risk and mitigate hazards to
employees, third parties, the community and the environment. Management of risk is a
continuous process.
• The use of internationally recognised standards, procedures and specifications for design,
construction and commissioning activities are essential for achieving operational excellence.
• The minimisation of environmental risks and liabilities are integral parts of the Group’s
operations.
• Third parties who provide materials and services or operate facilities on the Group’s behalf
have an impact on Environmental, Health and Safety and Social Responsibility excellence.
It is essential that third-party services are provided in a manner consistent with the Group’s
Policy.
• Preparedness and planning for emergencies are essential to ensuring that all necessary
actions are taken if an incident occurs, to protect employees, third parties, the public, the
environment, the assets and brand of Pennpetro.
• Open and honest communication with the communities, authorities and stakeholders with
which the Group operates builds confidence and trust in the integrity of Pennpetro.
12
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Corporate responsibility (continued)
• The Group has determined that the greenhouse gas emissions from the operations of the
Company and its subsidiaries are sufficiently low that it does not have responsibility to
produce the disclosures required under the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and
Directors’ Reports) Regulations 2013. The reason for this is that there was only limited
activity from its US based operating subsidiary during 2021 and notably the Covid-19
pandemic caused the operations in Gonzales to be put on hold from March 2020 to the latter
half of 2021.
During 2021, the Group closely monitored the limited drilling, completion and production operations
of its COG#1-H well and there have been no breaches of any applicable Acts recorded against the
Group during the reporting period.
Section 172 statement
Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 requires Directors to take into consideration the interests
of stakeholders and other matters in their decision making. The Directors continue to have regard
to the interests of the Company’s employees and other stakeholders, the impact of its activities on
the community, the environment and the Company’s reputation for good business conduct, when
making decisions. In this context, acting in good faith and fairly, the Directors consider what is most
likely to promote the success of the Company for its members in the long term. We explain in this
annual report, and referenced herein, how the Board engages with stakeholders.
Promotion of the Company for the benefit of the members as a whole
The Director’s believe they have acted in the way most likely to promote the success of the
Company for the benefit of its members as a whole, as required by s172 of the Companies Act
2006.
The requirements of s172 are for the Directors to:
·
·
·
·
·
·
Consider the likely consequences of any decision in the long term,
Act fairly between the members of the Company,
Maintain a reputation for high standards of business conduct,
Consider the interests of the Company’s employees,
Foster the Company’s relationships with suppliers, customers and others, and
Consider the impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment.
The Company is quoted on the London Stock Exchange and its members will be fully aware,
through detailed announcements, shareholder meetings and financial communications, of the
Board’s broad and specific intentions and the rationale for its decisions.
When selecting investments, issues such as the impact on the community and the environment
have actively been taken into consideration.
The Company pays its employees and creditors promptly and keeps its costs to a minimum to
protect shareholders funds.
13
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Promotion of the Company for the benefit of the members as a whole (continued)
The application of the s172 requirements can be demonstrated in relation to the some of the key
decisions made during 2021:
The Board took the opportunity during 2019 to increase the Group’s interest in its principal asset
in Gonzales Texas, taking its Working interest in a portfolio of mineral leases to 100%. The most
recent CPR prepared in December 2017, estimated that the Group’s then 50% Working Interest
basis undiscounted Net Revenue Interest in the Gonzales petroleum leases amounted to $62
million; with the increase to a 100% Working interest and further undiscounted Net Revenue
Interest, this has now increased to over $120 million.
The Company recognising the global impact of environmental concerns, instigated due diligence
with regard to expanding its experiences and core competencies within the fossil environment and
petroleum drilling to specific green energy initiatives securitised with US intellectual property filings
to be expanded internationally.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of risks and uncertainties.
Market risk
The Group operates in an international market for hydrocarbons and is exposed to risk arising from
variations in the demand for and price of the hydrocarbons. Oil and gas prices historically have
fluctuated widely and are affected by numerous factors over which the Group does not have any
control, including world production levels, international economic trends, currency exchange
fluctuations, inflation, speculative activity, consumption patterns and global or regional political
events. The Group will consider hedging against the risks of fluctuating oil prices and currency
exchange once the initial well is in commercial production.
Environmental risk
The Group’s operations are subject to environmental regulation in all the jurisdictions in which it
operates. The Group is unable to predict the effect of additional environmental laws and regulations
which may be adopted in the future, including whether any such laws or regulations would
adversely affect the Group’s operations. There can be no assurance that such new environmental
legislation once implemented will not oblige the Group to incur significant expenses and undertake
significant investments. The Group identifies, assesses and prioritises environmental risks on an
ongoing basis, as part of its management system.
14
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
The Directors present their Annual Report and the audited Financial Statements for the year ended
31 December 2021.
The Company’s ordinary shares are listed on the London Stock Exchange, on the Official List
pursuant to Chapter 14 of the Listing Rules, which sets out the requirements for Standard Listings.
Organisation Review
The Board is responsible for providing strategic direction for the Group. This incorporates setting
out objectives, management policies and performance criteria. The Board assesses its
performance against these on a monthly basis.
Composition of the Board at 31 December 2021 was one Executive Director and one Non-
Executive Director. During the year, on 15 April 2021, Keith Edelman, a Non-Executive Director,
resigned and on 8 June 2021 Philip Nash, a Non-Executive Director, also resigned from the Board.
The Board believes that the present composition provides an appropriate mix to conduct the
Group’s affairs.
The Board is responsible for monitoring risks and uncertainties faced by the Group. These risks
and uncertainties are detailed in the Strategic Report and note 3 to the financial statements.
The corporate governance arrangement of the Group is disclosed in the Corporate Governance
Report.
Directors and Directors’ interests
The Directors who held office during the year to the date of approval of these financial statements,
together with their beneficial interests in the ordinary shares of the Company, are shown below.
31 December 2021
31 December 2020
Olof Rapp
Thomas Evans (1)
shares
(number)
2,000,000
5,000,000
Keith Edelman (resigned on 15 April 2021)
1,000,000
Philip Nash (resigned on 8 June 2021)
-
Ordinary
Ordinary
Share
options
(number)
shares
(number)
Share
options
(number)
-
-
-
-
2,000,000
425,000
5,000,000
425,000
1,000,000
425,000
-
425,000
(1) Thomas Martin Evans shares are held by FHF Securities (A’Asia) Limited.
The Directors who held office at 31 December 2021 are summarised as follows:
Name of Director Position
Thomas Evans
Olof Rapp
Executive Director
Senior Non-Executive Director
Directors’ Remuneration
The Remuneration Committee assesses the appropriateness of the nature and amount of
emoluments of the Directors on a periodic basis by reference to relevant employment market
conditions with the overall objective of ensuring maximum stakeholder benefit from the retention of
a high-quality Board and senior executive team.
The Directors’ remuneration and policies for appointment or replacement of directors are disclosed
in the Directors’ Remuneration Report.
16
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Dividends
The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2020: $Nil).
Share capital and major shareholdings
The issued share capital of the Company as at 31 December 2021 comprised 76,452,106 1p
ordinary shares (2020: 76,452,106).
The Company has only one class of share capital formed of ordinary shares. All shares forming
part of the ordinary share capital have the same rights and each carry one vote.
As at 22 June 2022 the Company had been notified of the following interests in the Company’s
ordinary share capital:
Number of shares
Percentage (%)
York Energy Group Limited
International Immobiliare Ltd
International Immobiliare Ltd
FHF Securities (A’Asia) Limited
York Energy Group Limited
JIM Nominees Limited
RB Nominees Limited
Nobel Petroleum Ireland Limited
Griffin Asset Management Limited
Invictorium Limited
Mrs. B. Shaw
FHF Corporate Finance Limited
Mrs. P. Evans
14,000,000
10,000,000
6,300,000
5,000,000
5,000,000
4,223,197
4,118,404
3,400,000
3,255,500
3,200,000
3,200,000
3,184,560
3,100,000
16.78
11.98
7.55
5.99
5.99
5.06
4.94
4.07
3.90
3.83
3.83
3.82
3.71
To the best of the Directors’ knowledge, no shareholder directly or indirectly, exercises or could
exercise control over the Company.
Going Concern
The Group’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development and
performance are set out in the Executive Director’s Statement. In addition, notes 3 and 24 to the
financial statements disclose the Group’s and Company’s objectives, policies and processes for
managing financial risks and capital.
On 2 June 2021, the Company announced the execution of a three-year £20,000,000 Share
Subscription Facility Agreement ("Facility") with GEM Global Yield LLC SCS, Luxembourg, and
GEM Yield Bahamas Limited (GEM Global). This new surce of funds will enable the group to re-
establish its operations in Texas and fund the Group’s ongoing cashflow needs.
17
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
DIRECTORS’ INFORMATION
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
As at the date of this report, the following directors held office in the Company:
Thomas Martin Evans, Executive Officer
Thomas Evans started his career as a financial executive with Extel Financial Ltd, moving to equity
sales at Barclays de Zoete Wedd Ltd and RBC Dominion Securities Limited, director CIBC World
Markets Limited prior to founding Bishopsgate Capital Management Ltd in 2000 dealing in
institutional fund management which was merged with Athanor Capital Partners Ltd assuming the
role of Chief Investment Officer, expanding all the combined entities FSA regulated permitted
businesses. Established TME Consulting creating UCITS compliant umbrella structure to be
marketed to both retail and wholesale clients. CEO and founder of the Caplain group created to
acquiring stockbroking and wealth management entities and Aerarius PCC Ltd (Guernsey) fund
structure for European investment strategies.
Financial Services Authority (UK) Ltd previously approved for the following control functions – CF1
Director, CF3 Chief Executive, CF8 Appointment & Oversight, CF27 Investment Management.
Olof Nils Anders Rapp, Non-Executive Chairman
Olof Rapp has vast international experience in the aerospace and automotive sector and has held
leading managerial positions with Rolls- Royce International, Volvo Truck Corporation and VistaJet
International in South America, Middle East and Asia. His last position at Rolls Royce was as
Regional Director, Malaysia, with overall responsibility for Rolls-Royce Plc’s business in Malaysia
and Brunei (Aviation, Marine, Nuclear and Oil & Gas) and represented the company at the highest
level. His last position at Volvo was Managing Director of Volvo Malaysia, where he led a successful
restructuring of the company. Olof serves as a Board Director in Quest Green Energy limited,
Resources Bonds 11 limited, Serunai Commerce Sdn Bhd and is a Senior Advisor to Partners in
Performance Pty Ltd. He is also Vice President of the Malaysian Swedish Business Association.
He was born in Gothenburg, Sweden, and studied International Business at IHM Business School.
19
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Financial Statements in
accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the Directors to prepare
financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have elected to prepare
the Group and Parent Company Financial Statements in accordance with the UK adopted
International Accounting Standards.
Under Company law the Directors must not approve the Financial Statements unless they are
satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and Group as at
the end of the financial year and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period. In preparing these
Financial Statements, the Directors are required to:
• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
• make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
• state whether the applicable UK adopted international accounting standards has been
followed subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the Financial
Statements; and
• prepare the Financial Statements on a going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to
presume that the Company will continue in business.
The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show
and explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the
financial position of the Company and the Group and enable them to ensure that the Financial
Statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the
assets of the Company and Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and
detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The maintenance and integrity of the website is the responsibility of the Directors. Legislation in
the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of the Financial Statements and
other information included in annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
The Company is compliant with the London Stock Exchange regarding the Company’s website.
20
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
The Company recognises the importance of, and is committed to, high standards of corporate
governance.
Corporate Governance Practices
Pennpetro Energy plc has a standard listing on the London Stock Exchange and is thus not
required to comply with the requirements of the U.K. Corporate Governance Code (“the Code”) as
issued by the Financial Reporting Council. The disclosures below are required by the UKLA’s
Disclosure and Transparency Rule 7.
The Board is committed to ensuring the highest standards of corporate governance, and voluntarily
complies with, subject to a small number of exceptions listed below, the supporting principles and
provisions set out in the Code.
The following describes the ways in which the Company does not comply with the detailed
provisions of the Code and the Board’s rationale thereon:
• given the size of the Board and the Company’s current limited operational status, certain
provisions of the Corporate Governance Code (in particular the provisions relating to the
composition of the Board and the division of responsibilities between the Chairman and chief
executive and executive compensation), are not being complied with by the Company as the Board
does not consider these provisions to be appropriate for the Company;
• the Board as a whole will review auditand risk matters, on the basis of adopted terms of reference
governing the matters to be reviewed and the frequency with which such matters are considered.
The Board as a whole will also take responsibility for the appointment of auditors and payment of
their audit fee, monitor and review the integrity of the Company’s financial statements and take
responsibility for any formal announcements on the Company’s financial performance;
• the Board as a whole will be responsible for the appointment of executive and non-executive
Directors. The Company does not currently believe it is necessary to have a separate nominations
committee at this time. The requirement for a nominations committee will be considered on an
ongoing basis;
• the Board believes in the benefits of diversity, including the need for diversity in order to effectively
represent shareholders’ interests. This diversity is not restricted to gender but also includes
geographic location, nationality, skills, age, educational and professional background. The board’s
policy remains that selection should be based on the best person for the role;
• the Board as a whole will consider the Board’s size, structure and composition and the scale and
structure of the Directors’ fees, taking into account the interests of Shareholders and the
performance of the Company;
• the Board does not comply with the provision of the Corporate Governance Code that at least
half of the Board, excluding the Chairman, should comprise non-executive directors determined by
the Board to be sufficiently independent;
• the Company has in place procedures ensuring compliance with the new Market Abuse
Regulation and the Board will be responsible for taking all proper and reasonable steps to ensure
compliance with the Market Abuse Regulation by the Directors; and
• the Company will not seek Shareholder approval at a general meeting in respect of any further
acquisitions it may make, unless it is required to do so for the purposes of facilitating the financing
arrangements or for other legal or regulatory reasons.
21
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
The Company’s Remuneration Committee comprises one Non-Executive Director, Olof Rapp.
Pennpetro’s Remuneration Committee operates within the terms of reference approved by the
Board. In the year to 31 December 2021, the Remuneration Committee documented one review.
The items included in this report are unaudited unless otherwise stated.
Committee’s main responsibilities
• The Remuneration Committee considers the remuneration policy, employment terms and
remuneration of the Executive Director;
• The Remuneration Committee’s role is advisory in nature and it makes recommendations
to the Board on the overall remuneration package for the Executive Director in order to
attract, retain and motivate high quality executives capable of achieving the Company’s
objectives;
• The Remuneration Committee also reviews proposals for any share option plans and other
incentive plans, makes recommendations for the grant of awards under such plans as well
as approving the terms of any performance-related pay schemes;
• The Board’s policy is to remunerate the Company’s executives fairly and in such a manner
as to facilitate the recruitment, retention and motivation of suitably qualified personnel; and
• The Remuneration Committee, when considering the remuneration packages of the
Company’s executives, will review the policies of comparable companies in the industry.
Directors’ remuneration (audited)
Fees and benefits of $340,922 were payable to Directors who held office during the year ended 31
December 2021 (2020: $530,672).
Director Thomas Evans has received a loan of £10,000 which was outstanding as at 31 December
2021. The loan is repayable within 12 months.
Keith Edelman
Olof Rapp
Philip Nash
Thomas Evans
Keith Edelman
Olof Rapp
Philip Nash
Thomas Evans
Salary
$
13,528
40,306
17,558
40,306
111,698
Valuation of
options
$
27,601
79,913
41,797
79,913
229,224
Salary
$
47,026
40,306
40,306
40,306
167,944
Valuation of
options
$
90,682
90,682
90,682
90,682
362,728
Taxable
benefits
$
-
-
-
-
-
Taxable
benefits
$
-
-
-
-
-
Other
receipts
received
$
-
-
-
-
-
Other
receipts
received
$
-
-
-
-
-
Pension
benefits
$
-
-
-
-
-
Pension
benefits
$
-
-
-
-
-
2021
Total
$
41,129
120,219
59,355
120,219
340,922
2020
Total
$
137,708
130,988
130,988
130,988
530,672
23
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued)
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
The Director's remuneration is disclosed in full in the above table and is not linked to performance.
All Directors’ service contracts are kept available for inspection at the Company’s registered office.
All shares and interests held by the Directors are disclosed in the Directors’ report.
The share options expired on 2 November 2021. No options were exercised.
Details of the share-based payments are included in note 19.
Total pension entitlements (audited)
The Company currently does not have any pension plans for any of the Directors and does not pay
pension amounts in relation to their remuneration.
The Company has not paid out any excess retirement benefits to any Directors or past Directors.
Payments to past directors (audited)
The Company has not paid any compensation to past Directors.
Payments for loss of office (audited)
No payments were made for loss of office during the year.
Directors interests in share warrants (audited)
None of the Directors had interests in share warrants.
Directors’ and Officers’ indemnity insurance
The Company has made qualifying third-party indemnity provisions for the benefit of its Directors
and Officers. These were made during the previous period and remain in force at the date of this
report.
Consideration of shareholder views
The Remuneration Committee considers shareholder feedback received and guidance from
shareholder bodies. This feedback, plus any additional feedback received from time to time, is
considered as part of the Company’s periodic reviews of its policy on remuneration.
Statement of policy on Directors’ remuneration
The Company’s policy is to maintain levels of remuneration so as to attract, motivate, and retain
Directors and Senior Executives of the highest calibre who can contribute their experience to
deliver industry leading performance with the Company’s operations. Currently Director’s
remuneration is not subject to specific performance targets.
In future periods, the Company may implement a remuneration policy so that a meaningful
proportion of Executive remuneration is structured so as to link rewards to corporate and individual
performance, align their interests with those of shareholders and to incentivise them to perform at
the highest levels. The Remuneration Committee considers remuneration policy and the
employment terms and remuneration of the Directors and makes recommendations to the Board
of Directors on the overall remuneration packages for Directors. No Director takes part in any
decision directly affecting their own remuneration.
24
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
Annual Report & Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
The Audit Committee comprises two Directors, Olof Rapp and Tom Evans. It oversees the
Company’s financial reporting and internal controls and provides a formal reporting link with the
external auditors. The ultimate responsibility for reviewing and approving the annual report and
accounts and the half-yearly report remains with the Board.
Main Responsibilities
The Audit Committee acts as a preparatory body for discharging the Board’s responsibilities in a
wide range of financial matters by:
• monitoring the integrity of the financial statements and formal announcements relating to
•
the Company’s financial performance;
reviewing significant financial reporting issues, accounting policies and disclosures in
financial reports, which are considered to be in accordance with the key audit matters
identified by the external auditors;
• overseeing that an effective system of internal control and risk management systems are
maintained;
• ensuring that an effective whistle-blowing, anti-fraud and bribery procedures are in place;
• overseeing the Board’s relationship with the external auditor and, where appropriate, the
selection of new external auditors;
• approving non-audit services provided by accounting firms; and
• ensuring compliance with legal requirements, accounting standards and the Listing Rules
and the Disclosure and Transparency Rules.
Governance
The Code requires that at least one member of the Audit Committee has recent and relevant
financial experience. Both directors have served in financial executive and managing director roles.
As a result, the Board is satisfied that the Audit Committee has recent and relevant financial
experience.
Members of the Audit Committee are appointed by the Board and whilst shareholders, the
Company believes they are considered to be independent in both character and judgement.
The Company’s external auditor, Crowe U.K. LLP, did not provide any non-audit services in the
period.
The Audit Committee believes that the Company does not require an internal audit function due to
the current size of the organisation and its operations.
Meetings
In the year to 31 December 2021 the two members of the Audit Committee have met twice.
The key work undertaken by the Audit Committee is as follows;
interview of external auditors and recommendation to the Board;
review of audit planning and update on relevant accounting developments;
•
•
• consideration and approval of the risk management framework, appropriateness of key
performance indicators;
• consideration and review of full-year results;
•
•
review of the effectiveness of the Audit Committee; and
review of internal controls.
26
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE
MEMBERS OF PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Pennpetro Energy Plc (the “company”) and its
subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for the year ended 31 December 2021 which comprise the consolidated
statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated and parent company statements of financial
position, the consolidated and parent company statements of changes in equity, the consolidated
and parent company statements of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including
significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their
preparation is applicable law and UK adopted international accounting standards.
In our opinion the financial statements:
• give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the company’s affairs as at 31
December 2021 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended;
• have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting
standards; and
• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK))
and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent
of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the
financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed public
interest entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these
requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to
provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern
basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of
the directors’ assessment of the group and parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going
concern basis of accounting included obtaining management’s assessment of going concern for
the period to 31 December 2023 and evidence of the facilities available to the Group and Company
to enable it to have access to cash to be able to continue as a going concern. As part of our
assessment we considered the impact of two events after year end where the Company issued
new ordinary shares and Petroquest Energy Limited extended the repayment date by one year on
the loan owing by Nobel Petroleum LLC. We noted that there was sufficient headroom available in
other facilities to enable the Petroquest loan to be repaid at its revised maturity date of 31
December 2023 also considering the planned expenditure of the Group.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating
to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group’s
or the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from
when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are
described in the relevant sections of this report.
Overview of our audit approach
Materiality
In planning and performing our audit we applied the concept of materiality. An item is considered
material if it could reasonably be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the
financial statements. We used the concept of materiality to both focus our testing and to evaluate
the impact of misstatements identified.
Based on our professional judgement, we determined overall materiality for the financial
statements as a whole to be $120,000, based on 2% of total assets (2020: $120,000). The
materiality applied for the parent company was $79,000.
28
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE
MEMBERS OF PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC (continued)
Overview of our audit approach (continued)
We use a different level of materiality (‘performance materiality’) to determine the extent of our
testing for the audit of the financial statements. Performance materiality is set based on the audit
materiality as adjusted for the judgements made as to the entity risk and our evaluation of the
specific risk of each audit area having regard to the internal control environment. The performance
materiality for the group was $84,000 and $55,000 for the parent company.
Where considered appropriate performance materiality may be reduced to a lower level, such as,
for related party transactions and directors’ remuneration.
We agreed with the Audit Committee to report to it all identified errors in excess of $3,600 (2020:
$3,600). Errors below that threshold would also be reported to it if, in our opinion as auditor,
disclosure was required on qualitative grounds.
Overview of the scope of our audit
The Company and Group finance function is based in the United Kingdom and a full scope audit
was carried out thereon from our office, and with discussions with management as required and
information being requested from the US where appropriate. This provided us with sufficient
evidence for our opinion on the Group and Company financial statements.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance
in our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant
assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These
matters included those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation
of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were
addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our
opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
In addition to the matter described in the conclusion related to going concern section, we have
determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our
audit report. This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.
Key audit matter
How our scope addressed the key audit matter
Valuation of producing properties and
capitalised drilling costs and
equipment – see note 4.2
The group’s primary focus is onshore
oil and gas exploration and
production in Texas, USA. As at 31
December 2021 assets totalling
$5.6m were recognised comprising
Petroleum Leases within property,
plant and equipment of $1.4m (held
under IAS 36) and Drilling Costs
within intangible assets of $4.2m
(held under IFRS 6).
We considered the risk that these
assets are impaired.
We reviewed management’s assessment which concluded
that there are no facts or circumstances that suggest the
recoverable amount of the asset does not exceed the
carrying amount.
In considering this assessment we reviewed the following
sources of evidence:
•
•
The primary lease agreements in place supporting
the company’s right of extraction;
The competent persons report that formed the
basis of the valuation;
• Discussing plans and intentions with management,
reviewing supporting budgets and evidencing
planning work undertaken; and
• Assessing oil price assumptions used when
assessing the commercial potential and likely
recoverable amount
We are satisfied that there are no indicators of impairment
in respect of the drilling costs and that the estimated
recoverable amount in respect of the petroleum leases is
in excess of the carrying value.
29
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE
MEMBERS OF PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC (continued)
Key audit matter
How our scope addressed the key audit matter
Carrying value of investments on the
parent company Statement of
Financial Position – see note 4.2
Included in the parent company
Statement of Financial Position is
investments in subsidiaries with a
value of $7.0m. As part of our audit
we considered the risk that the
investments were impaired.
We considered whether there was any evidence of
impairment. This included considering:
• Whether the current market capitalisation was
below the carrying value of the investments.
Management’s plans for the subsidiaries and how they
would generate cash in the future to provide a return on
the investment, this included management’s plans and
intentions for the oil and gas assets held within the
subsidiaries as disclosed in the key audit matter above.
Our audit procedures in relation to these matters were designed in the context of our audit opinion
as a whole. They were not designed to enable us to express an opinion on these matters
individually and we express no such opinion.
Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the
financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other
information contained within the annual report.
Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the
extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion
thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the
other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained
in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether
this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the
work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other
information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited has been properly
prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006.
In our opinion based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit
•
•
the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for
which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with
applicable legal requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the company and its
environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in
the strategic report or the directors’ report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies
Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
• adequate accounting records have not been kept by the company, or returns adequate for
our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
•
the company financial statements and the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be
audited are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
• certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
30
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE
MEMBERS OF PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC (continued)
Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement page 19, the directors are
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a
true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable
the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to
fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and
the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters
related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors
either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no
realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a
whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a
guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material
misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered
material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
Explanation as to what extent the audit was consider capable of detecting irregularities,
including fraud
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We
design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements
in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of
detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below however the primary responsibility for the
prevention and detection of fraud lies with management and those charged with governance of the
Company.
• We gained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the Group
and Company and considered the risk of acts by the Group which were contrary to
applicable laws and regulations, including fraud. The most significant identified was
compliance with relevant regulations for oil and gas companies in the state of Texas, where
the Group has the majority of its operations, and compliance with the UK Companies Act.
Our work included enquiry of management, review of legal invoices and publicly available
information on violations and inspections from the relevant authority in Texas.
• We designed audit procedures to respond to the risk, recognising that the risk of not
detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one
resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment. We considered the risk
was greater in areas that involve significant management estimate or judgement and we
designed our procedures accordingly to focus on such areas. Such procedures included
testing journal transactions.
Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that some material
misstatements of the financial statements may not be detected, even though the audit is properly
planned and performed in accordance with the ISAs (UK). The potential effects of inherent
limitations are particularly significant in the case of misstatement resulting from fraud because fraud
may involve sophisticated and carefully organised schemes designed to conceal it, including
deliberate failure to record transactions, collusion or intentional misrepresentations being made to
us.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description
forms part of our auditor’s report.
31
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE
MEMBERS OF PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC (continued)
Other matters which we are required to address
We were first appointed by the Board on 25 March 2019. Our total uninterrupted period of
engagement is four years, covering the periods ending 31 December 2018 to 2021.
The non-audit services prohibited by the FRC’s Ethical Standard were not provided to the group or
the company and we remain independent of the group’s and the company in conducting our audit.
Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the audit committee.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of
Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to
the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and
for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume
responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our
audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Matthew Stallabrass
Senior Statutory Auditor
For and on behalf of
Crowe U.K. LLP
Statutory Auditor
London
13 July 2022
32
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Continuing Operations
Revenue
Administrative expenses
Operating Loss
Finance income
Finance costs
Loss before Tax
Income tax
Note
Year ended
31 December
2021
$
Year ended
31 December
2020
$
6
9
9
-
66,798
(1,021,046)
(1,378,164)
(1,021,046)
(1,311,366)
-
(290,661)
2,058
262,796
(1,311,707)
(1,046,512)
10
-
-
Loss for the year attributable to owners of the
parent
(1,311,707)
(1,046,512)
Other Comprehensive Income:
Items that may be reclassified subsequently
to profit or loss
Currency translation differences
(6,838)
79,008
Other Comprehensive Income for the Year
(6,838)
79,008
Total Comprehensive Income for the Year
attributable to the owners of the parent
(1,318,545)
(967,504)
Loss per share attributable to the owners of
the parent during the year
Basic (cents per share)
11
Diluted (cents per share)
The notes on pages 40 to 67 form part of these financial statements.
(1.72)
(1.72)
(1.39)
(1.39)
33
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As at 31 December 2021
ASSETS
Non–Current Assets
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Total Non-Current Assets
Current Assets
Trade and other receivables
Short term investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Total Current Assets
TOTAL ASSETS
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Equity Attributable to Owners of Parent
Share capital
Share premium
Convertible reserve
Reorganisation reserve
Foreign exchange reserve
Share based payment reserve
Retained losses
Total Equity
Current Liabilities
Borrowings
Trade and other payables
Total Current Liabilities
Note
31 December
2021
$
31 December
2020
$
12
13
15
16
17
18
18
19
20
21
1,384,931
4,233,890
5,618,821
1,384,314
4,233,890
5,618,204
309,456
34,914
1,828
346,198
308,943
49,152
1,329
359,424
5,965,019
5,977,628
979,427
4,121,700
6,021,575
(6,578,229)
133,619
-
(4,013,864)
664,228
979,427
4,121,700
6,021,575
(6,578,229)
140,457
838,909
(3,770,290)
1,753,549
4,256,262
1,044,529
5,300,791
3,727,995
496,084
4,224,079
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
5,965,019
5,977,628
These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 12 July 2022 and signed
on its behalf by:
Thomas Evans
Executive Director
Company registration number: 10166359
The notes on pages 40 to 67 form part of these financial statements.
34
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As at 31 December 2021
ASSETS
Non–Current Assets
Investments in subsidiaries
Property, plant and equipment
Total Non–Current Assets
Current Assets
Trade and other receivables
Short term investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Total Current Assets
TOTAL ASSETS
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Equity Attributable to Shareholders
Share capital
Share premium
Convertible reserve
Foreign exchange reserve
Share based payment reserve
Retained losses
Total Equity
Current Liabilities
Trade and other payables
Total Current Liabilities
Note
31 December
2021
$
31 December
2020
$
14
12
15
16
17
18
18
19
21
7,038,631
-
7,038,631
7,104,824
-
7,104,824
3,093,418
34,914
-
3,128,332
3,062,112
49,152
-
3,111,264
10,166,963
10,216,088
979,427
4,121,700
6,021,575
575,249
-
(2,866,030)
8,831,921
979,427
4,121,700
6,021,575
648,279
838,909
(2,942,712)
9,667,178
1,335,042
1,335,042
548,910
548,910
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
10,166,963
10,216,088
The Company has elected to take the exemption under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006
from presenting the parent company Statement of Comprehensive Income. The loss for the parent
company for the year was $991,451 (2020: $639,524).
These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 12 July 2022 and were
signed on its behalf by:
Thomas Evans
Executive Director
Company registration number: 10166359
The notes on pages 40 to 67 form part of these financial statements.
35
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Group
Attributable to the owners of the parent
Share
Capital
Share
Premium
Convertible
Reserve
Reorganisation
Reserve
$
$
$
$
Foreign
Exchange
Reserve
$
Share Based
Payments
Reserve
$
Retained
Losses
$
Total
Equity
$
Balance at 1 January 2020
926,711
1,538,636
6,021,575
(6,578,229)
61,449
438,641
(2,723,778)
(314,995)
Loss for the year
Foreign currency translation
differences
Total comprehensive loss for the
year
Shares issued
Share based payments
-
-
-
-
-
-
52,716
-
2,583,064
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
79,008
79,008
-
-
-
(1,046,512)
(1,046,512)
-
79,008
(1,046,512)
(967,504)
-
-
-
400,268
-
-
2,635,780
400,268
Balance at 31 December 2020
979,427
4,121,700
6,021,575
(6,578,229)
140,457
838,909
(3,770,290)
1,753,549
Loss for the year
Foreign currency translation
differences
Total comprehensive loss for the
year
Share based payments
Lapse of share options
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(6,838)
(6,838)
-
-
-
(1,311,707)
(1,311,707)
-
(6,838)
(1,311,707)
(1,318,545)
-
-
229,224
(1,068,133)
-
1,068,133
229,224
-
Balance at 31 December 2021
979,427
4,121,700
6,021,575
(6,578,229)
133,619
-
(4,013,864)
644,228
The notes on pages 40 to 67 form part of these financial statements.
36
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Company
Share
Capital
$
Share
Premium
Convertible
Reserve
$
$
Share Based
Payments
Reserve
$
Foreign
Exchange
Reserve
$
Retained
Losses
$
Total
Equity
$
Balance at 1 January 2020
926,711
1,538,636
6,021,575
438,641
319,749
(2,303,188)
6,942,124
Loss for the year
Other Comprehensive Income
Total comprehensive loss for the
Year
Shares issued
Share based payments
-
-
-
-
-
-
52,716
-
2,583,064
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
400,268
-
328,530
328,530
-
-
(639,524)
-
(639,524)
328,530
(639,524)
(310,994)
-
-
2,635,780
400,268
Balance at 31 December 2020
979,427
4,121,700
6,021,575
838,909
648,279
(2,942,712)
9,667,178
Loss for the year
Other Comprehensive Income
Total comprehensive loss for the
Year
Share based payments
Lapse of share options
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
229,224
(1,068,133)
-
(73,030)
(73,030)
(991,451)
-
(991,451)
(73,030)
(991,451)
(1,064,481)
-
-
-
1,068,133
229,224
-
Balance at 31 December 2021
979,427
4,121,700
6,021,575
-
575,249
(2,866,030)
8,831,921
The notes on pages 40 to 67 form part of these financial statements.
37
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Loss before tax
Depreciation
Amortisation
Foreign exchange
Write off
Finance income
Finance costs
Share base payment charge
Changes to working capital
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables
Increase in trade and other payables
Cash (used)/ generated in operations
Interest paid
Net Cash used in Operating Activities
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Increase in Development expenditure
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Disposal of short-term investments
Net Cash (used in)/ generated from Investing
Activities
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Loan repaid
Advances received from borrowings
Net Cash generated from/ (used in) Financing
Activities
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Cash
Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the
year
Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of the
Year
The notes on pages 40 to 67 form part of these financial statements.
Year ended
31 December
2021
$
Year ended
31 December
2020
$
(1,311,707)
-
-
(8,078)
-
-
290,661
229,224
(799,900)
(511)
548,671
(251,740)
-
(251,740)
-
(617)
14,238
13,621
(65,938)
304,556
238,618
(1,046,512)
1,536
75,094
1,068,243
(130,746)
(2,058)
(262,796)
362,730
(65,491)
47,985
230,113
343,589
(271,189)
72,400
(67,153)
(23,151)
10,849
(79,455)
-
-
-
499
(7,055)
1,329
499
1,828
8,384
(7,055)
1,329
38
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Loss before tax
Depreciation
Share based payments
Unrealised foreign exchange
Changes to working capital
Increase in trade and other receivables
Increase in trade and other payables
Cash used in operations
Net cash used in Operating Activities
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Disposal of short-term investments
Net Cash used in Investing Activities
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares
Issue costs
Net Cash generated from Financing Activities
Net movement in Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the
year
Exchange gain on cash and cash equivalents
Net Decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of the
Year
The notes on pages 40 to 67 form part of these financial statements.
Year ended
31 December
2021
$
Year ended
31 December
2020
$
(991,451)
-
229,224
(6,838)
(769,065)
(31,306)
786,133
(14,238)
(14,238)
(639,524)
959
362,730
160,386
(115,449)
(196,597)
301,197
(10,849)
(10,849)
14,238
14,238
10,849
10,849
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 December 2021
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
Pennpetro Energy plc (the “Company”) is a public limited company which is listed on the
standard market of the London Stock Exchange and incorporated and domiciled in England
and Wales. Its registered office address is 20b Wilton Row, London, SW1X 7NS.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company consist of the following companies
(together “the Group”):
Pennpetro Energy plc
Pennpetro USA Corp
Nobel Petroleum USA Inc
Nobel Petroleum LLC
Nobel Petroleum UK Limited
Pennpetro Greentec Limited
Pennpetro Greentec UK Limited
Pennpetro Green Energy Limited
UK registered company
US registered company
US registered company
US registered company
UK registered company
Cyprus registered company
UK registered company
UK registered company
The Group is an oil and gas developer with assets in Texas, United States. The Company’s
US-based subsidiaries own a portfolio of leasehold petroleum mineral interests centred on the
City of Gonzales, in southeast Texas, comprising the undeveloped central portion of the
Gonzales Oil Field.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial
statements are set out below.
These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise
stated.
2.1 Basis of preparation
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared and approved by the Directors in
accordance with the UK adopted International Accounting Standards.
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the international financial reporting
standards requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management
to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas
involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and
estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in note 4.
2.2 Basis of consolidation
The Group financial statements consolidate the financial statements of the Company and all its
subsidiaries (the “Group”).
Subsidiaries include all entities over which the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable
returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through
its power over the investee. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently
exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another
entity. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control commences until the date
that control ceases. Intra-group balances and any unrealised gains and losses on income or
expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated
financial statements.
40
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.2 Basis of consolidation (continued)
Acquisition
On 17 May 2017 Pennpetro Energy plc (“Pennpetro”) acquired 100% of the issued capital of
Nobel Petroleum UK Limited (“Nobel UK”) in a share for share exchange with the shareholders
of Nobel UK’s parent company at that time, Nobel Petroleum Ireland Limited (“Nobel Ireland”).
Due to the relative size of the companies, Nobel Ireland’s shareholders became the majority
shareholders in the enlarged share capital. Pennpetro’s shares were later listed on the London
Stock Exchange in December 2017.
The transaction fell outside the scope of IFRS 3 (“Business Combinations”) and as such has
been treated as a reverse merger and accounted for as a share-based payment transaction
which should be accounted for in accordance with IFRS 2. On the basis of the guidance in
paragraph B21 of IFRS 3, the reverse merger has been treated as a continuation of the Nobel
Group into the Pennpetro Group. The consideration included the issue of new share capital
and the issue of a convertible bond.
Pennpetro was incorporated with the intention of obtaining a listing on the LSE shortly after
completing a reverse merger with Nobel UK by way of a share swap with Nobel UK’s parent
company Nobel Ireland. Nobel Ireland’s shareholders retained a majority interest in the listed
Pennpetro after the transaction.
2.3 Business combinations
The acquisition of the other subsidiaries is accounted for using the acquisition method of
accounting. The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for business
combinations. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given,
equity instruments issued, and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, and the
equity interests issued. Identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities and contingent liabilities
assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair value at the acquisition
date. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. Where necessary, amounts reported
by subsidiaries have been adjusted to conform with the Group’s accounting policies.
2.4 Going concern
The Group’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development
and performance are set out in the Executive Director’s Statement. In addition, notes 3 and 24
to the financial statements disclose the Group’s and Company’s objectives, policies and
processes for managing financial risks and capital.
On 2 June 2021, the Company announced the execution of a three-year £20,000,000 Share
Subscription Facility Agreement ("Facility") with GEM Global Yield LLC SCS, Luxembourg, and
GEM Yield Bahamas Limited (GEM Global). This new surce of funds will enable the group to
re-establish its operations in Texas and fund the Group’s ongoing cashflow needs.
On 16 March 2022, the Company raised £350,000 gross proceeds through the issue of
1,166,667 new ordinary shares at a price of 30p per share.
On 29 June 2022, Petroquest Energy Limited extended the repayment date by one year on the
loan owing by Nobel Petroleum LLC. The revised maturity date on the loan is 31 December
2023.
The Group has prepared cashflow forecasts to 31 December 2023. The Directors have
considered these forecasts and have a reasonable expectation that the Company and Group
has adequate resources to continue in operational existence through to 31 December 2023 as
projected.
41
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.4 Going concern (continued)
This is subject to material adverse unforeseen events that may occur, including but not limited
to oil and gas prices and further hinderances to operations as a result of the Covid-19
pandemic.
The Directors continue to consider it appropriate to prepare the Group and Company financial
statements on a going concern basis.
2.5 New standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the Group and
Company
The following IFRS or IFRIC interpretations were effective for the first time for the financial year
beginning 1 January 2021. Their adoption has not had any material impact on the disclosures
or on the amounts reported in these financial statements:
Standards /interpretations
IFRS 16
IAS 1 & IAS 8 amendments
IFRS 3 amendments
Application
Amendments to provide lessees with an exemption from
assessing whether a COVID-19 related rent concession is
a lease modification
Amendments regarding the definition of materiality
Amendments to clarify the definition of a business and
amendments updating a reference to the conceptual
framework
2.6 New standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted
Standards /interpretations
IAS 1 amendments
IFRS 3 amendments
IFRS 16
IAS 8
IAS 12
IAS 16 amendments
Application
Presentation of Financial Statements: Classification of
Liabilities as Current or Non-Current.
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January
2023
Business Combinations – Reference to the Conceptual
Framework.
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January
2022
Amended by Covid-19 Related Rent Concessions beyond
30 June 2021 (amendment to IFRS 16)
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 April
2021
Amendments regarding the definition of accounting
estimates
Effective Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January
2023
Amendments resulting from Deferred tax related to Assets
and Liabilities arising from a single transaction.
Effective Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January
2023
Amendments prohibiting a company from deducting from
the cost of property plant and equipment amounts
received from selling items produced while the company is
preparing the asset for intended use.
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January
2022
42
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.6 New standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted (continued)
IAS 37 amendments
IFRS 1, IFRS 9, IFRS 16,
IAS41
Amendments regarding the costs to include when
assessing whether a contract is onerous.
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January
2022
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018-2020
Cycle. (Fees in the ’10 per cent’ test for derecognition of
financial liabilities) Effective: Annual periods beginning on
or after 1 January 2022
There are no IFRS’s or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected
to have a material impact on the Company or Group.
2.7 Investments in subsidiaries
Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment.
2.8 Foreign Currency Translation
• Functional and presentation currency
Items included in each of the financial statements of the Group’s entities are measured
using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the
‘functional currency’). The functional currency of the UK parent entity and Nobel UK
Limited is pound sterling and the functional currency of the US subsidiaries is US dollars.
The financial statements are presented in US Dollars, rounded to the nearest dollar, which
is the Group’s and Company’s presentation currency.
• Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the
exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where such items
are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of
such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets
and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Statement Of
Comprehensive Income.
• Group companies
The results and financial position of all the Group entities that have a functional currency
different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as
follows:
• assets and liabilities for each Statement of Financial Position presented are translated
•
at the closing rate at the date of that Statement of Financial Position;
income and expenses for each Statement of Comprehensive Income are translated at
average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the
cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income
and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions); and
• all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income.
On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in
foreign entities, and of monetary items receivable from foreign subsidiaries for which settlement
is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future are taken to other comprehensive
income. When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences are recognised in the
Statement of Comprehensive Income as part of the gain or loss on sale.
43
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.9 Property, plant and equipment
Following evaluation of successful exploration of wells, if commercial reserves are established
and the technical feasibility of extraction demonstrated, and once a project is sanctioned for
commercial development, then the related capitalised exploration costs are transferred into a
single field cost centre within ‘producing properties’ within property, plant and equipment after
testing for impairment.
The net book values of ‘producing properties’ are depreciated on a unit of production basis at
a rate calculated by reference to proven and probable reserves and incorporating the estimated
future cost of developing and extracting those reserves once production has commenced.
The Petroleum (Mineral lease) expenditure to date is over land that has already had historical
vertical drilled wells and has proven oil reserves. All these costs were therefore immediately
capitalised within property, plant and equipment.
All costs incurred after the technical feasibility and commercial viability of producing
hydrocarbons has been demonstrated, are capitalised within ‘drilling costs and equipment’ on
a well-by-well basis. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only where it either enhances the
economic benefits of the development/producing asset or replaces part of the existing
development/producing asset. Any costs remaining associated with the part replaced are
expensed.
All property, plant and equipment other than oil and gas assets are stated at historical cost less
depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition
of the items.
All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income
during the financial period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets, over their estimated useful lives,
on a straight-line basis as follows:
Office equipment – 4 years
The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each
financial year-end.
Gains and losses on disposal are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount.
These are included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
2.10 Intangible assets
• Development expenditure
Expenditure on the drilling of development wells, including service, is capitalised
initially within intangible fixed assets and when the well has formally commenced
commercial production, then it is transferred to property, plant and equipment and is
depreciated from the commencement of production as described in the accounting
policy for property, plant and equipment
44
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.10 Intangible assets (continued)
• Drilling costs and Petroleum mineral leases
The Group applies the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas assets,
having regard to the requirements of IFRS 6 ‘Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral
Resources’. Costs incurred prior to obtaining the legal rights to explore an area are
expensed immediately to the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Exploration expenditure incurred in the process of determining exploration targets is
capitalised initially within intangible assets as drilling costs. Drilling costs are initially
capitalised on a well-by-well basis until the success or otherwise has been established.
Drilling costs are written off on completion of a well unless the results indicate that
hydrocarbon reserves exist and there is a reasonable prospect that these reserves are
‘Drilling
commercially viable. Drilling costs are subsequently
expenditure’ within property, plant and equipment and depreciated over their
estimated useful economic life. All such costs are subject to regular technical,
commercial and management review on at least an annual basis to confirm the
continued intent to develop or otherwise extract value from the discovery. Where this
is no longer the case, the costs are immediately expensed to the Statement of
Comprehensive Income.
transferred
to
2.11 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
Assets not ready for use are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment.
Assets that are subject to amortisation or depreciation are reviewed for impairment at each
reporting date. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying
amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s
fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets
are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-
generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are
reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.
2.12 Financial assets
Classification
Financial assets are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions
of the instrument. At initial recognition, the Group measures its financial assets at amortised
cost which comprise ‘trade and other receivables’ and ‘cash and cash equivalents’.
A financial asset shall be measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are
met:
•
the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial
assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that
are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
•
Recognition and measurement
At initial recognition, an entity shall measure a financial asset at its fair value plus transaction
costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset.
At initial recognition, an entity shall measure trade receivables at their transaction price if the
trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component.
45
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.12 Financial assets (continued)
Derecognition
The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from
the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows on the financial
asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the
financial asset are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or
retained by the Group is recognised as a separate asset or liability.
Derecognition also takes place for certain assets when the Group writes-off balances pertaining
to the assets deemed to be uncollectible.
Impairment of financial assets
IFRS 9 mandates the use of an expected credit loss model to calculate impairment losses
rather than an incurred loss model, and therefore it is not necessary for a credit event to have
occurred before credit losses are recognised. The impairment model applies to the Group’s
financial assets and loan commitments. The Group recognises lifetime expected credit losses
(“ECL”) when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition.
However, if the credit risk on the financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial
recognition, the Group measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount
equal to 12-month ECL.
The Group is satisfied that the credit risk of its financial assets has not significantly increased
and no provision for losses is required. The Group has concluded this on the basis of ongoing
monitoring of the credit status of bank counterparties and the long-term operating relationships
that the Group has with the other debtor counterparties.
2.13 Short term investments
Short term investments include amounts held in bank accounts and deposits by intermediaries
that have been approved by the Directors.
2.14 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and demand deposits with
banks.
2.15 Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs that are
directly attributable to the issue of the financial liability and are subsequently measured at
amortised cost using the effective interest method if the time value of money is significant.
2.16 Borrowings
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value minus transaction costs that are directly
attributable to the issue of the financial liability. Borrowings are subsequently carried at
amortised cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the
redemption value is recognised in the Income Statement over the period of the borrowings,
using the effective interest method.
Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to
defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period.
46
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.17 Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity when there is no obligation to transfer cash or other
assets. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of equity instruments are shown in
equity as a deduction from the proceeds, net of tax. Incremental costs directly attributable to
the issue of equity instruments as consideration for the acquisition of a business are included
in the cost of acquisition.
2.18 Reserves
The reverse merger as described in Accounting Policy 2.2; the acquisition has been accounted
for as a share-based payment transaction which should be accounted for in accordance with
IFRS 2. On the basis of the guidance in para 13A of IFRS 2, the reverse merger has been
treated as a continuation of the Nobel Group into the Pennpetro Group. The consideration
included the issue of new share capital and the issue of a convertible bond. The total
consideration less the share capital in Nobel UK resulted in the creation of the reorganisation
reserve.
The convertible reserve represents the principal value of a mandatory convertible note issued
by Pennpetro Petroleum plc to Nobel Petroleum Ireland Limited in part consideration for the
acquisition of Nobel Petroleum UK under an agreement dated 17 May 2017.
The translation reserve represents effects of currency translation in the year.
2.19 Taxation
The tax expense or credit comprises current and deferred tax. It is calculated using tax rates
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Statement of Financial Position date.
Deferred tax is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method in respect of temporary
differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the
financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of taxable profit.
In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences and
deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be
available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and
liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill (or negative
goodwill) or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets
and liabilities in a transaction, which affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments
in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Group is able
to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary
difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates
that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised, or the liability is settled.
Deferred tax is charged or credited in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, except when
it relates to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also
dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income
taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets
and liabilities on a net basis.
2.20 Segment Information
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to
the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”), who is responsible for allocating resources and
assessing performance of the operating segments and making strategic decisions. The CODM
is determined to be the board of Directors.
47
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.21 Share based payments
All services received in exchange for the grant of any share-based remuneration are measured
at their fair values. These are indirectly determined by reference to the fair value of the share
options/warrants awarded. Their value is appraised at the grant date and excludes the impact
of any non-market vesting conditions (for example, profitability and sales growth targets).
Share based payments are ultimately recognised as an expense in the Statement of
Comprehensive Income with a corresponding credit to other reserves in equity, net of deferred
tax where applicable. If vesting periods or other vesting conditions apply, the expense is
allocated over the vesting period, based on the best available estimate of the number of share
options/warrants expected to vest. Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions
about the number of options/warrants that are expected to become exercisable. Estimates are
subsequently revised, if there is any indication that the number of share options/warrants
expected to vest differs from previous estimates. No adjustment is made to the expense or
share issue cost recognised in prior periods if fewer share options ultimately are exercised than
originally estimated.
Upon exercise of share options, the proceeds received net of any directly attributable
transaction costs up to the nominal value of the shares issued are allocated to share capital
with any excess being recorded as share premium.
Where share options are cancelled, this is treated as an acceleration of the vesting period of
the options. The amount that otherwise would have been recognised for services received over
the remainder of the vesting period is recognised immediately within the Statement of
Comprehensive Income.
3. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency
risk and cash flow and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.
Market risk
The Group operates in an international market for hydrocarbons and is exposed to risk arising
from variations in the demand for and price of the hydrocarbons. Oil and gas prices historically
have fluctuated widely and are affected by numerous factors over which the Group has no
control, including world production levels, international economic trends, exchange rate
fluctuations, speculative activity and global or regional political events.
Currency risk
The majority of the Group’s purchase transactions and expenditure are denominated in US
dollars. The currencies are stable, and any exchange risk is managed by maintaining bank
accounts denominated in those currencies.
48
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
3. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)
Credit risk
The Group’s principal financial assets are cash and cash equivalents, other receivables and
short-term investments.
Credit risk represents the risk of loss the Group would incur if third party operators and
counterparties fail to fulfil their credit obligations. The risk is concentrated between a relatively
small group of operators given the small number of parties involved in oil and gas exploration
and production activities. The Group seeks to mitigate this risk where possible by assessing
the credit quality of the participants and by establishing ongoing and long-term relationships.
The initial credit risk on cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments is limited
because it is the Group’s policy to invest with banks that firstly offer the greatest degree of
security in the view of the Group and, secondly the most competitive interest rates. The credit
risk for short term investments and cash and cash equivalents is considered negligible since
the counterparties are reputable banks.
Other receivables include amounts due from parties that have been involved in the Gonzales
Project since its inception and continue to have an interest in the Group in their capacity as
shareholders in Pennpetro or as lenders to the Group. Other receivables are therefore initially
considered low credit risk.
Other receivables are considered in default if the entity or party has not settled its payment
obligation by the due date set out in the underlying contracts and agreements.
A loss allowance is recognised for expected credit losses on all financial assets held at the
balance sheet date. Given risk mitigation steps undertaken by the Directors, no provision has
been made for losses.
The maximum exposure due to credit risk for the Group on financial assets during the year was
$346,198 (2020: $359,424). All amounts are expected to be received in full and on time.
Liquidity risk
Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the Group and aggregated by
Group Finance. Group Finance monitors rolling forecasts of the Group’s liquidity requirements
to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs, while seeking to maintain sufficient
headroom on its undrawn committed borrowing facilities (note 20) at all times, so that the Group
does not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of its borrowing
facilities. Such forecasting takes into consideration the Group’s debt financing plans, covenant
compliance, compliance with internal Statement of Financial Position ratio targets, and, if
applicable, external regulatory or legal requirements (for example, currency restrictions).
The table below analyses the Group’s non-derivative financial liabilities and net-settled
derivative financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings, based on the remaining period at
the Statement of Financial Position to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in
the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.
49
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
3. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)
Liquidity risk (continued)
Group
At 31 December 2021
Borrowings (undiscounted)
Trade and other payables
At 31 December 2020
Borrowings (undiscounted)
Trade and other payables
Less than
1 year
$
Between
1 and 2 years
$
Between
2 and 3 years
$
4,190,324
1,044,529
4,242,366
496,086
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS
4.1 Use of estimates and judgements
The preparation of Financial Statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to
make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and
reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated
assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to
be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the
judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from
other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to
accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision
affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects
both current and future periods. In particular, information about significant areas of estimation
uncertainty and critical judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most
significant effect on the amount recognised in the financial statements are described below.
4.2 Critical accounting judgements
• Recoverability of non-producing mineral leases and capitalised drilling costs &
equipment
Management tests annually whether non-producing mineral leases have future economic
value in accordance with the accounting policies. This assessment takes into consideration
the likely commerciality of the asset, the future revenues and costs pertaining and the
discount rates to be applied for the purposes of deriving a recoverable value. In the event
that a lease does not represent an economic drilling target and results indicate that there
is no additional upside, the mineral lease and drilling costs will be impaired. The Directors
have reviewed the estimated value of the licences and have concluded that an impairment
charge of $Nil (2020: $Nil) should be recognised. The Directors do not consider that there
is a significant risk of material adjustment to the estimated value of the leases given the
underlying value of proven reserves and the successful testing, trials and completion of the
initial well.
50
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued)
4.2 Critical accounting judgements (continued)
Impairment of investments
•
The Directors have assessed at year end whether there is any indication that the carrying
value of the Company’s investment in its subsidiaries has been impaired. The Directors
have determined that the value of the assets owned by its subsidiaries, namely the mineral
leases, the proven oil and gas reserves and Net Revenue Interests are significantly higher
than the Investment carried in the Company’s books. The Directors therefore do not
consider any impairment is necessary. The Directors do not consider that there is a
significant risk of material downward adjustment to the estimated levels of proven and
probable reserves in the next 12 months, but have disclosed this as an area of significant
estimation based on the size of the balance.
• Going concern
When assessing going concern the Directors considered whether there was a material
uncertainty The Company is currently looking to draw down funds under the Share
Subscription Facility awarded on 2 June 2021.. The Directors have considered the current
share price and historic pricing movements and are satisfied, based on this, that adequate
funds will be received that, in conjunction with existing sources of finance, will enable the
Group to continue to operate as a going concern for at least 12 months from the date of
signature. On 16 March 2022, the Company raised £350,000 gross proceeds through the
issue of 1,166,667 new ordinary shares at a price of 30p per share. Additionally, on 29 June
2022, Petroquest Energy Limited extended the repayment date by one year on the loan
owing by Nobel Petroleum LLC. The revised maturity date on the loan is 31 December
2023. On this basis the Directors did not consider there to be a material uncertainty in
respect of going concern.
• Estimated impairment of producing properties and capitalised drilling costs &
equipment
At 31 December 2021, petroleum mineral leases and capitalised drilling costs & equipment
on petroleum properties have a total carrying value of $5,618,821 (2020: $5,618,204),
(notes 12 and 13). Management tests annually whether the assets have future economic
value in accordance with the accounting policies and has placed reliance on the Competent
Persons Report (“CPR”) prepared in December 2017.
All of the mineral leases were offered on an initial term of three years with an option to
extend them by two years. All of the leases covering the initial permit area do not need
renewing whilst there is any production from the permitted area. The initial drilled well
COG#1-H was drilled within the initial term and is classified by the Texas Commission as
a production unit and therefore leases are held pursuant to that production status.
The recoverable amount of each property has been determined based on a value in use
calculation which requires the use of certain estimates and assumptions such as long-term
commodity prices (i.e. oil and gas prices), pre-tax discount rates, operating costs, future
capital requirements and mineral resource estimates. These estimates and assumptions
are subject to risk and uncertainty and therefore a possibility that changes in circumstances
will impact the recoverable amount.
The following information has been used by the Directors in determining the recoverability
of the Company’s Petroleum properties. The Source for this information is the CPR
prepared in December 2017.
51
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued)
• Estimated impairment of producing properties and capitalised drilling costs &
equipment (continued)
• The Pennpetro Group owns approximately 1,000 leases on 2,500 acres in
Gonzales, Texas.
• The Group’s Net Working Interests are 4,000 Mbbl of oil and 2,000 MMcf of gas.
• Base case oil sold is assumed at $33 per barrel and gas at $3.20 per thousand
cubic feet.
• WTI Oil initially for two years at $33 then at $45 and gas pricing held constant to
depletion in 2031.
• The total proved future Net Revenue Interest after costs as at 1 June 2021:
Undiscounted $120m (2020: $92m).
The Directors are comfortable in relying on the CPR for the following reasons:
- The oil sold price used by the Directors in their revised assessment of future Net
Revenue of $33, is lower than current and future forecast WTI prices. The WTI price as
at 23 June 2022 was $105.32 (source: Bloomberg markets).
- Operating costs remain unchanged.
- The Group increased its Working Interest to 100% during 2019 and consequently its
Net Revenue Interest increased to 75%. This was as a result of taking legal ownership
of the remaining participants interests in the Gonzales Project.
- The effect of the increase in the Group’s Net Revenue Interest counteracts the
reduction in oil price used by the Directors in calculating the total proved future Net
Revenue Interest after costs.
Based on the information provided in the CPR, updated for changes in Net Revenue
Interest and oil price, the Directors have determined that the Company’s oil properties have
not been impaired as at the 31 December 2021. The Directors also do not consider that
there is a significant risk of material adjustment to the estimates used to assess impairment
of producing properties and capitalised drilling costs & equipment in the next 12 months,
but have disclosed this as an area of significant estimation based on the size of the balance.
52
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
5. SEGMENTAL INFORMATION
The Group operates in two geographical areas, the United Kingdom and the United States of
America. Activities in the UK are mainly administrative in nature whilst the activities in the USA
relate to exploration and production from oil and gas wells. The reports reviewed by the Board
of Directors that are used to make strategic decisions are based on these geographical
segments.
Year ended 31 December 2021
USA
$
Intra-segment
balances
$
UK
$
-
(29,595)
-
(991,451)
-
617
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total
$
-
(1,021,046)
-
617
-
6,050,937
3,593,419
-
3,128,332
1,335,042
-
(3,042,414)
(3,042,414)
-
5,965,019
5,300,791
Revenue
Operating loss
Depreciation &
amortisation
Capital expenditure
Development expenditure
Total assets
Total liabilities
Year ended 31 December 2020
USA
$
Intra-segment
balances
$
UK
$
Revenue
Operating profit/(loss)
Depreciation &
amortisation
Capital expenditure
Development expenditure
Total assets
Total liabilities
66,798
(671,842)
-
(639,524)
577
959
-
-
-
23,151
67,153
5,877,838
6,686,644
-
-
3,111,264
548,910
-
-
(3,011,474)
(3,011,474)
Total
$
66,798
(1,311,366)
1,536
23,151
67,153
5,977,628
4,224,080
53
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
5. SEGMENTAL INFORMATION (continued)
The amounts provided to the Board of Directors with respect to total assets are measured in a
manner consistent with that of the financial statements. These assets are allocated based on
the operations of the segment and physical location of the asset.
Reportable segments’ assets are reconciled to total assets as follows:
Year ended
31 December
2021
$
Year ended
31 December
2020
$
Segmental assets for reportable segments
Total assets per Statement of Financial Position
5,965,019
5,965,019
5,977,628
5,977,628
Information about major customers/operating partners
At 31 December 2021, Nobel USA held a 100% Working Interest (2020: 100%) in the leasehold
petroleum interests which are centred on the City of Gonzales, southwest Texas, USA,
comprising the undeveloped central portion of the Gonzales Oil Field.
6. EXPENSES BY NATURE
Group
Legal, professional and compliance costs
Depreciation and amortisation
Foreign exchange loss
Loan arrangement fee
Other costs
Total administrative expenses
Year ended
31 December
2021
$
Year ended
31 December
2020
$
186,028
-
22,307
550,033
262,678
1,021,046
84,192
76,630
743,679
-
473,663
1,378,164
54
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
7. AUDITOR REMUNERATION
Services provided by the Company’s auditor and its associates
During the year, the Group (including its overseas subsidiaries) obtained the following services
from the Company’s auditor:
Year ended
31 December
2021
$
Year ended
31 December
2020
$
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit
of the parent company and consolidated financial
Statements
38,400
32,000
8. STAFF COSTS
Group and Company
Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Valuation of options
Directors’ Emoluments
Keith Edelman (resigned on
15 April 2021)
Emoluments
Olof Rapp
Philip Nash (resigned on
8 June 2021)
Thomas Evans
Valuation of options
Emoluments
Valuation of options
Emoluments
Valuation of options
Emoluments
Valuation of options
2021
$
114,652
7,233
229,224
351,109
2021
$
13,528
27,601
40,306
79,913
17,558
41,797
40,306
79,913
340,922
2020
$
160,000
12,146
362,730
534,876
2020
$
47,026
90,682
40,306
90,682
40,306
90,682
40,306
90,682
530,672
The Group does not employ any full-time employees at its US subsidiaries. Instead the Group
uses specialist service providers to fulfil its well drilling and land management requirements.
The average monthly number of staff, including the Directors, during the financial year was as
follows:
Directors
2021
3
2020
4
55
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
9. FINANCE INCOME AND FINANCE COSTS
Loan adjustment for effective interest and bank interest
2021
$
-
2020
$
2,058
Interest expense
290,661
262,796
10. INCOME TAX
The tax charge for the year is $Nil (2020: $Nil).
Factors affecting the tax charge for the period
The tax charge for each year is explained below:
2021
$
2020
$
Loss for the year before taxation
(1,311,707)
(1,046,512)
UK Loss before tax multiplied by the UK tax
rate 19% (2020: 19%)
(249,224)
(198,837)
Tax effect of:
Expense not deductible for tax purposes
Unutilised tax losses carried forward
-
249,224
-
-
198,837
-
The Group has UK tax losses of approximately $913,199 (2020: $663,895) to carry forward
against future profits. The Directors have not recognised a deferred tax asset on the losses to
date due to the uncertainty of recovery.
On 10 June 2021, the UK Government’s proposal to increase the rate of UK corporation tax
from 19% to 25% with effect from 1 April 2023 was enacted into UK law.
11. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following loss and
number of shares:
2021
2020
Group:
Loss attributable to equity holders of the parent ($)
1,311,707
1,046,512
Weighted average number of shares (number)
76,452,106
75,109,393
Loss per share (cents)
(1.72)
(1.39)
There is no difference between the basic and diluted earnings per share as the effect would be
to increase the loss per share.
56
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
12. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Group
Cost
Petroleum
(Mineral
Leases)
$
Office
equipment
$
Total
$
At 1 January 2020
1,361,163
11,512
1,372,675
Additions
Currency translation
At 31 December 2020
Additions
Currency translation
At 31 December 2021
Accumulated Depreciation
At 1 January 2020
Charge for the year
Currency translation
At 31 December 2020
Charge for the year
Currency translation
At 31 December 2021
Net Book Amount
At 31 December 2020
At 31 December 2021
23,151
-
1,384,314
617
-
1,384,931
-
275
11,787
-
(88)
11,699
23,151
275
1,396,101
617
(88)
1,396,630
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9,941
9,941
1,536
310
11,787
-
(88)
11,699
1,536
310
11,787
-
(88)
11,699
1,384,314
1,384,931
-
-
1,384,314
1,384,931
57
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
12. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (continued)
Company
Cost
At 1 January 2020
Additions
Currency translation
At 31 December 2020
Additions
Currency translation
At 31 December 2021
Accumulated Depreciation
At 1 January 2020
Charge for the period
Currency translation
At 31 December 2020
Charge for the period
Currency translation
At 31 December 2021
Net Book Amount
At 31 December 2020
At 31 December 2021
Office
equipment
$
9,203
-
275
9,478
-
(88)
9,390
8,209
959
310
9,478
-
(88)
9,390
-
-
Office equipment depreciation expense of $Nil (2020: $959) has been charged in administrative
expenses.
58
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
13. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Group
Cost
At 1 January 2020
Additions
At 31 December 2020
Additions
At 31 December 2021
Amortisation
At 1 January 2020
Amortisation charge for the year
At 31 December 2020
Amortisation charge for the year
At 31 December 2021
Net Book Amount
At 31 December 2020
At 31 December 2021
Drilling
costs
$
Loan
arrangement
fees
$
Total
$
4,166,737
270,339
4,437,076
67,153
4,233,890
-
4,233,890
-
270,339
67,153
4,504,229
-
270,339
-
4,504,229
-
-
-
-
-
195,245
195,245
75,094
270,339
-
270,339
75,094
270,339
-
270,339
4,233,890
4,233,890
-
-
4,233,890
4,233,890
Drilling costs represents acquired exploration and evaluation assets with an undetermined
useful life and are tested annually for impairment. Drilling costs are capitalised on a well by well
basis if the results indicate the existence of a commercially viable level of reserves. No amounts
are pledged as security for liabilities.
At 31 December 2021, the Company held, through its US based subsidiary entities, 100% in
the leasehold petroleum interests centred on the City of Gonzales, southwest Texas.
Impairment review – Intangible assets
The Directors have undertaken a review to assess whether circumstances exist which could
indicate the existence of impairment, considering the following indicators:
• The Group no longer has title to mineral leases.
• A decision has been taken by the Board to discontinue exploration due to the absence
of a commercial level of reserves.
• Sufficient data exists to indicate that the costs incurred will not be fully recovered from
future development and participation.
Following their assessment, the Directors recognised that no impairment charge is necessary.
Further details regarding consideration of the carrying value is contained in note 4.
59
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
14. INVESTMENTS
Investments in subsidiaries
Company
Shares in group undertakings
At 1 January
Additions
Foreign exchange movements
At 31 December
The Group comprises of the following subsidiaries:
2021
$
2020
$
7,104,824
6,899,108
(66,193)
7,038,631
205,716
7,104,824
Pennpetro USA Corp
Registered Office:
Nature of business:
Class of share:
% of equity shares held by Company:
Nobel Petroleum USA Inc.
Registered Office:
Nature of business:
Class of share:
% of equity shares held by Company:
Nobel Petroleum LLC
Registered Office:
Nature of business:
Class of share:
% of equity shares held by Company:
Nobel Petroleum UK Limited
Registered Office:
Nature of business:
Class of share:
% of equity shares held by Company:
Pennpetro Greentec UK Limited
Registered Office:
Nature of business:
Class of share:
% of equity shares held by Company:
Pennpetro Green Energy Limited
Registered Office:
Nature of business:
Class of share:
% of equity shares held by Company:
8 The Green Ste A, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA
Oil and Gas
Ordinary shares
100%
198 West 13th Street, Wilmington, Delaware
19801, USA
Oil and Gas
Ordinary shares
100% via Pennpetro USA Corp
3867 Plaza Tower DR Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70816-4378, USA
Oil and Gas
Ordinary shares
100% via Pennpetro USA Corp
1/88 Whitfield St. London W1T 4EZ, UK
Dormant, dissolved in April 2022
Ordinary shares (£100)
100%
1/88 Whitfield St. London W1T 4EZ, UK
Dormant
Ordinary shares (£100)
100%
1/88 Whitfield St. London W1T 4EZ, UK
Dormant
Ordinary shares (£100)
100%
60
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
14. INVESTMENTS (continued)
Pennpetro Greentec Limited
Registered Office:
Nature of business:
Class of share:
% of equity shares held by Company:
1 Kalymnou, Q MERITO, 4th Floor, Agios Nikolaos,
6037 Larnaca, Cyprus
IP Holding
Ordinary shares (€1,000)
100%
These subsidiary undertakings are included in the consolidation. The proportion of the voting
rights in the subsidiary undertaking held directly by the parent company does not differ from
the proportion of ordinary shares held.
15. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
Amounts owed from group
undertakings
Other receivables
Group
2021
$
-
2020
$
Company
2021
$
2020
$
-
3,079,883
3,047,540
309,456
309,456
308,943
308,943
13,535
3,093,418
14,572
3,062,112
The fair value of all receivables is the same as their carrying values stated above.
Group
The carrying amounts of the Group’s trade and other receivables are denominated in the
following currencies:
UK Pound Sterling
US Dollar
2021
$
13,535
295,921
309,456
2020
$
13,663
295,280
308,943
The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class
of receivable mentioned above. With respect to amounts due from Development participants,
each participant has provided a lien over its lease interests and a security interest over its
interest in well assets. The Group does not hold any collateral as security for other receivables.
The impact of a 10% favourable movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would increase the
carrying value of other receivables denominated in UK Pounds by approximately $1,353 (2020:
$1,366). The impact of a 10% adverse movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would reduce
the carrying value of other receivables denominated in UK Pounds by approximately $1,353
(2020: $1,366).
Company
The carrying amounts of the Company’s trade and other receivables are denominated in UK
Pound Sterling.
The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class
of receivable mentioned above. The Company does not hold any collateral as security for other
receivables.
The impact of a 10% favourable movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would increase the
carrying value of other receivables denominated in UK Pounds by $309,341 (2020: $306,211).
The impact of a 10% adverse movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would reduce the
carrying value of other receivables denominated in UK Pounds by $309,341 (2020: $306,211).
61
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
16. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Group
2021
$
2020
$
Company
2021
$
2020
$
Short-term investments
34,914
49,152
34,914
49,152
Short term investments include $34,914 (2020: $49,152) of cash being held by FHF Corporate
Finance Limited on behalf of Pennpetro. The amount is held in Pounds Sterling.
Group
The carrying amounts of the Group’s short-term investments are denominated in the following
currencies:
UK Pound Sterling
US Dollar
2021
$
34,914
-
34,914
2020
$
49,152
-
49,152
The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of the short-
term investment mentioned above. The Group does not hold any collateral as security.
The impact of a 10% favourable movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would increase the
carrying value of short-term investments denominated in UK Pounds by approximately $3,491
(2020: $4,915). The impact of a 10% adverse movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would
reduce the carrying value of short-term investments denominated in UK Pounds by
approximately $3,491 (2020: $4,915).
Company
The carrying amounts of the Company’s short-term investments are denominated in UK Pound
Sterling.
17. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Group
2021
$
2020
$
Company
2021
$
Cash at bank
1,828
1,329
-
2020
$
-
At 31 December 2021, the Group held cash of $1,828 (2020: $1,329) in banks with a Fitch
credit rating of A (Stable).
62
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
18. SHARE CAPITAL AND PREMIUM
Ordinary shares
Share premium
Group
Number of
shares
Value
£
Value
$
Value
£
Value
$
Total
$
At 1 January 2020
72,333,702
723,337
926,711
1,187,098
1,538,636
2,465,347
Share issue
4,118,404
41,184
52,716
2,018,018
2,583,064
2,635,780
At 31 December
2020
76,452,106
764,521
979,427
3,205,116
4,121,700
5,101,127
Share issue
-
-
-
-
-
-
At 31 December
2021
76,452,106
764,521
979,427
3,205,116
4,121,700
5,101,127
Each ordinary share has a nominal value of 1 pence per share.
A convertible loan note which was issued by Pennpetro to Nobel Ireland in the Reverse merger
of Nobel UK, may be converted into 19 million ordinary shares if certain conditions are met, at
a fixed subscription price of 25 pence.
19. SHARE BASED PAYMENTS
Share options
On 2nd November 2018 the Company granted options under the Pennpetro Energy Plc Option
Share Plan with an exercise price of £0.35p per share over, in aggregate, 1,700,000 ordinary
shares of £0.01 each to Directors Keith Edelman, Phillip Nash, Tom Evans and Olof Rapp,
who each received 425,000 options. The share price of the options granted are linked to the
price of shares issued on listing. Options are granted at 35p, which is a modest premium to
the issue price of the listing share price of 25p.
Exercisable at 1 January 2020
Awarded
Forfeited
Exercisable at 31 December 2020
Awarded
Expired
Exercisable at 31 December 2021
Weighted average
exercise price
£
0.35
-
-
0.35
-
-
-
Number of
awards
1,700,000
-
-
1,700,000
-
(1,700,000)
-
The share options expired on 2 November 2021. No share options were exercised by the
Directors.
The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.
$229,224 (2020: $400,268) was recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in
relation to share based payment transactions.
63
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
20. BORROWINGS
Group
2021
$
2020
$
Company
2021
$
2020
$
Current liabilities
Corporate borrowings
4,256,262
3,727,995
-
-
As at 31 December 2021, the Group had a $5 million Loan Note arrangement with Petroquest
Energy Limited, with a maturity date of 31 December 2021. In June 2021, Petroquest Energy
Limited agreed to extend the maturity date to 31 December 2022.
The annual interest rate is set at 1% below Barclays Bank base rate, which has been less than
0.75% since the loan’s inception and therefore no interest has been charged on the loan. The
undiscounted balance drawn against this loan note as at 31 December 2021 was $4,190,324
(2020: $4,242,367). The borrowing facility is secured against certain petroleum leases owned
by the Group. The discounted present value of the loan as at 31 December 2021 was
$3,658,987 (2020: $3,661,045) and reflects an adjustment for effective interest calculated at
8% per annum over the remaining term of the loan.
The movement in total borrowings in the year was as follows. Borrowings are denominated
partially in US dollars and partially in Pounds Sterling.
Group
2021
$
2020
$
Company
2021
$
2020
$
At 1 January
Advance
Interest charge
Net repayment
Loan settlement
Adjustment for effective interest
Loan term modification
adjustment
Foreign currency exchange
At 31 December
3,727,995
304,556
290,661
(65,938)
-
2,058
6,078,992
66,950
271,189
-
(2,324,351)
2,058
-
(533,985)
(3,070)
4,256,262
167,142
3,727,995
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
The fair value of borrowings equals their carrying amount. Borrowings are denominated in US
dollars.
The net debt position (total borrowings less cash on hand) as at 31 December 2021 is
$4,254,434 (2020: $3,726,666).
64
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
20. BORROWINGS (continued)
Group
The carrying amounts of the Group’s borrowings are denominated in the following currencies:
UK Pound Sterling
US Dollar
2021
$
304,556
3,951,706
4,256,262
2020
$
66,950
3,661,045
3,727,995
The impact of a 10% favourable movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would increase the
carrying value of borrowings denominated in UK Pounds by approximately $30,455 (2020:
$6,695). The impact of a 10% adverse movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would reduce
the carrying value of the borrowings denominated in UK Pounds by approximately $30,455
(2020: $6,695).
Company
The company does not carry any borrowings.
21. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
Group
2021
$
2020
$
Company
2021
$
2020
$
Trade and other payables
Amounts owed to group
undertakings
Accrued expenses
At 31 December
408,726
291,412
663,510
308,171
-
-
35,729
36,065
635,803
1,044,529
204,673
496,085
635,803
1,335,042
204,674
548,910
Group
The carrying amounts of the Group’s trade and other payables are denominated in the
following currencies:
UK Pound Sterling
US Dollar
2021
$
994,529
50,000
1,044,529
2020
$
446,086
50,000
496,086
The impact of a 10% favourable movement in the US Dollar to UK Pound would increase the
carrying value of trade and other payables denominated in UK Pounds by approximately
$99,453 (2020: $44,609). The impact of a 10% adverse movement in the US Dollar to UK
Pound would reduce the carrying value of trade and other payables denominated in UK
Pounds by approximately $99,453 (2020: $44,609).
Company
The carrying amounts of the Company’s trade and other payables are denominated in UK
Pound sterling. The carrying amounts of the Company’s US subsidiary companies are
denominated in US Dollars.
65
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
22. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS BY CATEGORY
Assets as per Statement of
Financial Position
Loans and receivables:
Trade and other receivables
(excluding prepayments)
Short-term investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Liabilities per Statement of
Financial Position
Financial liabilities at amortised
cost:
Borrowings
Trade and other payables
(excluding non-financial liabilities)
Group
2021
$
2020
$
Company
2021
$
2020
$
309,456
308,943
3,093,418
3,062,112
34,914
1,828
346,198
49,152
1,329
359,424
34,914
-
3,128,332
49,152
-
3,111,264
4,256,262
3,727,995
-
66,950
1,044,529
496,085
1,335,042
445,895
5,300,791
4,224,080
1,335,042
512,845
Certain leases which have been capitalised in Property Plant and Equipment have been
pledged as collateral against the loan from Pennpetro Bonds II Limited. No other financial
assets are pledged as security. Pennpetro Bonds II Limited is not in the Pennpetro group.
23. TREASURY POLICY
The Company and Group operate informal treasury policies which include ongoing
assessments of interest rate management and borrowing policy. The Board approves all
decisions on treasury policy.
The Group has financed its activities by raising funds through borrowings set out in note 20
above. There are no material differences between the book value and fair value of the financial
assets.
24. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES
The Group and Company set the amount of capital in proportion to its overall financing
structure and manage their capital structure and make adjustments to it in the light of changes
in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.
The Group considers its equity to be its capital.
The Group and Company’s capital management objectives are:
to ensure compliance with borrowing covenants;
to ensure the Group’s and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern; and
to provide an adequate return to shareholders.
•
•
•
In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may issue new shares or sell
assets to reduce debts. The Group will continue making interest payments in accordance with
financial and non-financial loan covenants.
66
PENNPETRO ENERGY PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021
25. CAPITAL COMMITMENTS
As at 31 December 2021 and 2020, the Group had no capital commitments for drilling and
equipment costs contracted but not provided for.
26. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions with Directors
An amount of £10,000 that was previously advanced to Thomas Evans remains outstanding
as at 31 December 2021 (2020: £10,000). The amount is secured against shares held by him
in the Company and is due for repayment within 12 months. No interest has been charged on
the advance.
Thomas Evans is a Director of Pennpetro Bonds II Limited, which provided a £2m loan facility
to the Group in 2018 and was repaid in 2020. In his capacity as a Director of Pennpetro Bonds
II Limited, Mr. Evans received director’s fees of £Nil (2020: £Nil) from that Company.
Pennpetro Bonds II Limited is not in the Pennpetro group.
Thomas Evans is a Director of the following companies which are considered as related
parties:
• FHF Securities (A’Asia) Limited – a shareholder in Pennpetro with a 6.54%
shareholding in the Company.
• Nobel Petroleum UK Limited which is a 100% subsidiary of Pennpetro.
• Nobel Petroleum LLC, which is a 100% directly owned subsidiary of Pennpetro USA
Corp.
• Nobel Petroleum USA, Inc, which is a 100% owned subsidiary of Pennpetro USA
Corp.
• Pennpetro USA Corp., which is a 100% owned subsidiary of Pennpetro.
• Pennpetro Greentec UK Limited, which is a 100% owned subsidiary of Pennpetro.
• Pennpetro Green Energy Limited, which is a 100% owned subsidiary of Pennpetro.
• Pennpetro Greentec Limited, which is a 100% owned subsidiary of Pennpetro.
Transactions with Group undertakings
During the year ended 31 December 2021, the Company provided funds to its wholly owned
subsidiary Nobel Petroleum USA of $6,875 (2020: $19,480).
After the foreign exchange gains of $427,692 (2020: $432,252) the total amount due from the
Group as at 31 December 2021 was $3,078,144 (2020: $3,047,540).
All Group transactions were eliminated on consolidation.
26. ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY
As at 31 December 2021, there was no ultimate controlling party.
27. EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
On 16 March 2022, the Company raised £350,000 gross proceeds through the issue of
1,166,667 new ordinary shares at a price of 30p per share. The Company also announced the
appointment of Peterhouse Capital Limited as broker to the Company on the same day.
On 29 June 2022, Petroquest Energy Limited extended the repayment date by one year on
the loan owing by Nobel Petroleum LLC. The revised maturity date on the loan is 31 December
2023.
The Company has issued 952,268 ordinary shares to GEM Yield Bahamas Limited in lieu of
fees owed as at 1 June 2022 of £266,640.
67