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PFB Corporation

pfb · TSX Basic Materials
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Employees 201-500
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FY2019 Annual Report · PFB Corporation
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2019 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PFB Corporation 

Letter to shareholders 

Operationally, the year 2019 was successful for PFB Corporation with record revenues, record earnings and record adjusted 
EBITDA. A complete review of operations is available in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis and the Audited 
Consolidated Financial Statements. The board of directors recognizes the solid performance of management and employees in 
executing the successful operations during the year. 

During the year the management team led by Robert Graham, CEO continued its evolution with the addition of David Carr who 
was assigned initial responsibility for the Plasti-Fab Division. Additionally, Kim Ball joined the Plasti-Fab Division and was 
assigned initial responsibility for oversight of all Plasti-Fab manufacturing operations.  

Frank Baker did not stand for reelection as a director at the last annual meeting of shareholders leaving a vacancy for an 
independent director to be filled at the AGM to be held on May 7, 2020. We thank him for his contributions to the success of 
the Corporation since 2004 and wish him well in his retirement. Matthew Joss CFA has been nominated to become an 
independent director at the AGM and will join the Audit Committee. 

Adherence to the principles of sustainable development and compliance with the Global Reporting Initiative since 2007 reflect 
our commitment, at the highest level of governance, to conduct our business operations in accordance with the ESG 
expectations of a modern world. Our core business focus is to manufacture products that reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 
the environment because our building insulation and insulating building products reduce energy consumption in buildings 
which account for 40% of energy consumption. We strive for industry leadership with our products and our corporate culture of 
sustainable operations that we report transparently on our www.pfbsustainability.com website. Strategically, it is our focus to 
annually increase revenues and funds flow from our operating activities, while maintaining strong balance sheet integrity and 
providing a reliable stream of dividends to our shareholders. 

In 2019, quarterly dividends were increased to $0.09 per share and in the fourth quarter a special dividend of $1.00 per share 
was paid.  

We continue to pursue expansion of our USA based operations and the focus is to expand our revenue base in the United States. 

Thank you to all our customers, our employees and our investors for their past and continuing support.  

C. Alan Smith 
Executive Chairman 

1   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PFB’s Commitment to Sustainability 

At PFB Corporation, we are concerned with the future of the planet and the effects that modern life styles may be having on climate 
change. PFB Corporation is committed to conducting its operations responsibly, mindful of the economic, environmental and social 
impacts of its operations. In 2019 PFB maintained focus on our Health and Safety performance of our operations by continuing  with 
our safety initiatives and focusing on improving our safety culture. 

Environmental Performance 

PFB  Corporation  has  taken  a  transparent  approach  and  reports  its  performance  metrics  in  the  Annual  Report.  PFB  measures  and 
reports inputs including raw materials, energy and water and our outputs; GHG, VOC’s and waste.  In 2019 PFB launched an updated 
sustainability website with new interactive charts and a user friendly interface. More detailed information is available on our web site 
devoted to sustainability at the following address: www.pfbsustainability.com. The following extracts are a brief summary of some of 
the key metrics that we use to track our performance. 

Health and Safety Performance 

Occupational Health and Safety is of paramount importance at PFB Corporation. Starting in 2016, PFB Corporation introduced a new 
safety program called  Goal:Zero. Over the past 3  years significant effort  was  made  to implement  safety  initiatives in line  with our 
Goal:Zero objectives targeting a reduction of our injury rates and severity. In 2019 our lost time rate  remained the same as 2018 but 
our severity decreased for the 3 year in a row. Our objective is to establish a sustainable safety culture by encouraging all employees 
to be active in our safety program and take responsibility for their safety and the safety of others. PFB’s call to action and challenge to 
all our employees continues to be See It · Own It · Make It Safer.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 
PFB Corporation 

Management’s discussion and analysis for 2019 

1.  Advisory regarding forward-looking statements 

Securities laws encourage public issuers to disclose forward-looking information in their management’s discussion and 
analysis (MD&A) so that investors can get a better understanding of the company’s future prospects and make informed 
investment decisions. Forward-looking information and statements included in this MD&A about PFB’s objectives and 
management’s expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies for the future are not guarantees of future performance and 
should not be unduly relied upon.  

All forward-looking statements reflect management’s current views as at March 12, 2020, with respect to future events, 
and they are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause the actual results, performance or 
achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by 
such forward-looking statements.  

Such risks, uncertainties and assumptions include, but are not limited to: general economic conditions; the cost and 
availability of capital; actions by government authorities; actions by regulatory authorities; availability of raw materials; 
changes in raw materials prices; currency exchange rates; interest rates; competitor activity; industry pricing pressures; 
seasonality of the construction industry; and weather related factors. A more detailed assessment of the risks that could 
cause actual results to materially differ from current expectations can be found in the Risk Management and Assessment 
section of this MD&A. 

2.  Other advisories regarding this MD&A 

The following MD&A of the operating results and financial condition of PFB Corporation (“PFB” or the “Corporation”) 
for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 should be read in conjunction with PFB’s audited consolidated financial 
statements and related notes which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on PFB’s website at 
www.pfbcorp.com. Additionally, PFB maintains a website at www.pfbsustainability.com that provides our measurement 
and reporting of sustainable development data in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative.  

The audited consolidated financial statements of PFB, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, have been 
prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS” or “GAAP”) as issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). 

This MD&A was reviewed by the Audit Committee and approved by PFB’s Board of Directors on March 12, 2020. Any 
events occurring after that date may affect the usefulness of the information contained in this document.  

The currency presented in this MD&A is Canadian dollars ($ thousands) unless otherwise stated. 

3.  Business overview 

PFB Corporation is a Canadian publicly-traded company incorporated under the Alberta Business Corporations Act. PFB’s 
corporate office is located at 300, 2891 Sunridge Way NE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T1Y 7K7. The principal business 
activity of PFB is manufacturing insulating building products made from expanded polystyrene materials and marketing 
those products in North America. We report our results of operations under two segments; Canada and the United States of 
America (“USA”). 

Plasti-Fab Ltd., the Corporation’s Canadian wholly-owned subsidiary, operates manufacturing and sales facilities in the 
provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario in Canada. PFB America Corporation, the 
Corporation’s wholly-owned subsidiary in the USA, operates manufacturing and sales facilities in the states of Nevada, 
Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, and Idaho. 

Our operations are vertically-integrated in that expandable polystyrene resin is manufactured at PFB’s polymer plant 
located in Crossfield, Alberta, for use exclusively in our downstream expanded polystyrene (“EPS”) manufacturing 
operations. Expandable polystyrene resin is also sourced from other suppliers to supplement internally produced raw 
materials. Plasti-Fab® EPS Product Solutions® supplies EPS foam cores used to manufacture Insulspan® SIPS (Structural 
Insulating Panel Systems). The PFB Custom Homes Group provides a complete design, supply and installation capability 
for Point Zero ® Homes, Precision Craft Log & Timber Homes® and Riverbend® Timber Framing structures which are 

3   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
typically sold with an accompanying Insulspan® SIPS enclosure package and Advantage ICF Systems®  (Insulating 
Concrete Forming System) foundation. Complete design services are provided by M.T.N. DesignSM to compliment the 
product offering. 

Plasti-Fab EPS Product Solutions are products manufactured using EPS as base raw materials, that are delivered to 
customers’ in five market categories: rigid insulation board; insulating building systems; geotechnical engineered 
applications; buoyancy, and products for packaging and display applications. 

Advantage ICF Systems® are insulating concrete forming systems which, by incorporating concrete and steel, are 
employed to build insulated foundations and walls in both residential and commercial construction markets. Insulspan SIPS 
are used to create a building’s structural wall frame and to replace trusses on roof systems to form an energy-efficient 
structural envelope.  

4.  Financial information 

4.1 Financial highlights summary – quarterly 

Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
$ thousands, except per share amounts 

Sales 

Gross profit 
Gross profit margin % 1 

Operating income (loss)  
Net income (loss) 
Earnings (loss) per share: 
    Basic  
    Diluted 
Adjusted EBITDA 1 
Adjusted EBITDA per share 1 

2019 
    Q4 

2019 
    Q3 

2019 
    Q2 

Applying IFRS 16 
2018 
2019 
    Q4 
    Q1 

2018 
    Q3 

2018 
    Q2 

2018 
    Q1 

$ 36,824    $ 36,874 

$ 35,421 

$ 24,113     $ 35,283   $ 39,374   $ 32,640 

$ 21,048   

10,461 

10,202 

28.4 

5,237 
3,695 

0.55 
0.54 

6,363 

$ 0.95 

27.7 

4,940 
3,442 

0.51 
0.50 

6,080 

$ 0.90 

9,436 

26.6 

4,255 
3,061 

0.45 
0.44 

5,410 

$ 0.80 

4,729 

19.6 

(952) 
(1,172) 

(0.17) 
(0.17) 

185 

$ 0.03 

8,148 

23.1 

3,109 
2,077 

0.31 
0.31 

4,289 

$ 0.64 

9,752 

24.8 

4,789 
3,263 

0.48 
0.48 

7,520 

23.0 

2,481 
1,536 

0.23 
0.23 

5,965 

3,666 

3,751 

17.8 

(682) 
(706) 

(0.10) 
(0.10) 

522 

$ 0.89 

$ 0.55 

$ 0.08 

1 Non-IFRS financial measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to 
similar measures presented by other issuers. Definitions of non-IFRS measures used in the above table along with relevant other notes 
are detailed in Section 20 of this MD&A. 

PFB’s operations exhibit seasonal variations concurrent with those that generally influence the construction industry, 
including  variability  in  weather  patterns.  Typically,  sales  revenues  are  lowest  in  the  first  and  fourth  quarters  and 
highest in the second and third quarters of the fiscal cycle.   

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.2 Selected annual financial information for years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 

$ thousands except where indicated 

Operating results 
Consolidated results: 

Sales 
Gross profit   
Operating income  
Net income  
Adjusted EBITDA 1 
Sales by operating segment: 

Canada 
USA 

Operating income by segment: 

Canada 
USA 

Per common share data 
Earnings per share:  
   Basic 
   Diluted 
Dividend paid per share – Regular  
Dividend paid per share – Special 
Adjusted EBITDA per share - Basic 1 
Book value 1 

Financial condition 
Total assets 
Current assets 
Current liabilities 
Non-cash working capital 1 
Property, plant and equipment (net) 
Right-of-use assets (net) 
Intangible assets (net) 
Goodwill 
Lease obligations including current portion 
Long-term debt including current portion 
Other long-term liabilities 
Shareholders’ equity  

Financial ratios 
Gross profit margin 1 
Operating margin 1 
Net income margin 1 
Current ratio 1 
Return on equity 1 

Applying IFRS 16 
2018 
2019 

Excluding 
IFRS 16 
2017 

  $  133,232    $  128,345   
29,171 
9,697 
6,170 
14,441 

34,828 
13,480 
9,026 
18,038 

$  105,557  
21,328 
3,518 
2,281 
7,693 

78,152 
55,080 

78,346 
49,999 

7,831 
5,973 

5,009 
4,105 

1.34 
1.31 
0.35 
1.00 
2.68 
8.32 

92,703 
44,353 

19,264 
7,033 
35,030 
7,391 
1,540 
2,275 
9,846 
8,217 
1,260 
55,644 

26.1% 

10.1%  
6.8% 
2.30x 
16.1% 

0.92 
0.92 
0.32 
- 
2.16 
8.34 

94,622 
44,053 

19,511 
8,211 
36,694 
8,305 
1,447 
2,360 
10,609 
8,568 
1,397 
56,009 

22.7% 

7.6% 
4.8% 
2.26x 
12.3% 

68,970 
36,587 

1,746 
1,319 

0.34 
0.34 
0.29 
- 
1.14 
7.57 

78,771 
33,363 

14,522 
6,913 
40,099 
- 
1,405 
2,217 
3,232 
8,906 
1,874 
50,825 

20.2% 

3.3% 
2.2% 
2.30x 
4.4% 

1 Non-IFRS financial measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to 
similar measures presented by other issuers. Definitions of non-IFRS measures used in the above table along with relevant other notes 
are detailed in Section 20 of this MD&A. 

5   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.  Consolidated results of operations 

The results of the Corporation’s operations in the United States of America are translated into Canadian dollars on a 
periodic basis for inclusion in the consolidated financial statements. 

Sales 
Consolidated sales in 2019 increased by 3.8% or $4,887 to $133,232 as compared to sales of $128,345 in 2018. This was a 
record high of consolidated sales for the Corporation. Sales in the first and second quarters exhibited growth on a quarter-
by-quarter comparative basis, declined slightly in the third quarter, before finishing with a record fourth quarter. Sales 
growth was driven by increased business activity in the USA operating segment across a broad range of product and 
service offerings. The Canadian segment sales remained similar to those reported in 2018, recording a very slight year over 
year decline. 

Gross profit 
Consolidated gross profit in 2019 was $34,828, an increase of 19.4% or $5,657 as compared to gross profit of $29,171 
reported in 2019. The gross profit margin of 26.1% of sales in 2019 was higher than a gross profit margin of 22.7% of sales 
reported in 2018. The increase in gross profit margin in the current year was predominantly influenced by two factors; 
higher sales and lower material costs throughout the year. The increase in sales of $4,887 contributed to higher gross profit. 
The cost of inventories recognized as an expense in cost of sales during the year was $77,842, and contrasted with $79,805 
in the prior year, primarily due to decreased input costs of our principal raw material, styrene monomer, throughout the 
year. The combined effect of higher sales and lower cost of sales in the year resulted in strong margin performance.  

Selling expenses 
Consolidated selling expenses increased to $12,514 in 2019 from $11,974 in 2018, an increase of $540. The increases were 
mainly related to additional sales staff, commissions, and marketing initiatives intended to drive top line growth. Overall, 
selling expenses when expressed as a percentage of sales, were 9.4% in 2019 when compared to 9.3% in 2018 and remain 
in proportion to sales.  

Administrative expenses 
Consolidated administrative expenses increased to $7,742 in 2019 from expenses of $7,348 reported in 2018, an increase of 
$394. The increases were primarily a result of additional administrative staff, increased employee profit sharing and higher 
corporate office operating costs. Overall, administrative expenses when expressed as a percentage of sales, were 5.8% in 
2019 when compared to 5.7% in 2018 and remain in proportion to overall sales. 

Other losses  
Other losses in 2019 of $1,092 versus losses of $152 in 2018 were related to share-based compensation expenses of $990 
in 2019 versus $44 in 2018. The recognition and measurement of an RSU award on January 1, 2019 in the amount of $950 
resulted in one-time share based compensation expense.  Realized foreign currency losses of $79 accounted for the 
majority of the remaining other losses, as over the last twelve months the value of the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. 
dollar has weakened overall.  
A loss of $11 was realized on the disposals of property, plant and equipment in the current year as compared to a small 
gain on disposals of $58 in 2018. 
Investment income  
Investment income reported in 2019 was $119 versus $67 in 2018. Investment income primarily consisted of $96 (2018 - 
$25) for interest earned on bank balances, and $23 (2018 - $23) of interest collected from customers on past due trade 
receivables. 

Finance costs 
Finance costs decreased by $118 from $1,281 in the prior year to $1,163 in the current year and are primarily related to a 
reduction of draws on the revolving credit facility and a reduction of interest expenses, whereas draws and repayments 
occurred more frequently in the prior year.  

During 2019, operating line usage incurred $1 in finance costs (2018 - $77).   

Income before taxes 
Income before taxes in 2019 was $12,436 as compared to income before taxes of $8,483 in 2018, an increase of $3,953, 
and primarily attributable to higher gross margin from record sales and lower material costs during the year.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes 
Income tax expense in the current year was $3,410 as compared to income tax expense of $2,313 in 2018. The effective 
tax rate in 2019 was 27.4% (2018 – 27.3%) and is comparable to prior year. The current tax expense increased from 
$2,027 in 2018 to $3,661 in 2019 as a result of record sales and higher taxable income in Canada and the USA.  
In 2019, the Government of Alberta enacted a reduction in the provincial corporate tax rate from 12 percent to eight 
percent over four years and as a result the deferred tax expense decreased by $537 from an expense of $286 in 2018 to a 
recovery of $251 in 2019.  
The current year effective tax rate approximates the full effect of the tax reductions, tax rates of subsidiaries operating in 
other jurisdictions and other adjustments that are reflected in the current and deferred income taxes.     
Net income and earnings per share 
Consolidated net income in 2019 was $9,026 as compared to consolidated net income of $6,170 in 2018. Basic earnings 
per share of $1.34 and diluted earnings per share of $1.31 in 2019 compared to basic and diluted earnings per share of 
$0.92 in 2018. Increased sales from higher volumes and lower raw material input costs contributed to higher net income 
and earnings per share in the current year.   

The weighted average number of basic and diluted common shares outstanding in the current year was 6,720,859 (2018 –
6,716,003) and 6,907,535 (2018 – 6,732,470). 

6.  Reportable operating segments 

The Corporation has two reportable operating segments: 

Operating segments 
Canada 

United States of America (USA) 

Description of segments 
Manufacturing and sales operations located in Canada for expanded 
polystyrene (EPS) products and structural insulating panels  

Brands:  Plasti-Fab® EPS Product Solutions®; Advantage ICF System®; 

Insulspan® SIPS; DuroFoam® 

Manufacturing and sales operations located in the USA for EPS products, 
building systems and structures, design services and installations 
Brands:  Plasti-Fab® EPS Product Solutions®; DuroSpan; Insulspan® 
SIPS; Riverbend® Timber Framing; Precision Craft® Log & 
Timber Homes; M.T.N. DesignSM; Total Home Solution®; Point 
ZeroTM; TimberScape TM 

The Corporation operates individual legal entities in Canada and the USA which are reported as operating segments and 
revenue is reported in accordance with that segmentation.  

Each operating segment mirrors the Corporation’s accounting policies (as described in Note 2 to the audited consolidated 
financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018) and its internal controls and reporting systems.  

Segment performance predominantly focuses on operating results and the manner in which resources are allocated based 
on Canadian and USA operations, respectively. The Canadian segment primarily derives its revenues from the sale of 
expanded polystyrene (“EPS”) foam products, which it manufactures at its facilities in Canada. The USA segment 
primarily derives its revenues from the sale of EPS foam products, customized log and timber structures made at its 
facilities in the United States which typically include design and installation services that together provide the basis for a 
bundled sale of its manufactured products.  

The chief operating decision maker evaluates performance on the basis of operating income or loss, as reported on a 
periodic basis. This performance measure is considered to be the most relevant in evaluating the results of each operating 
segment. 

7   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.1 Segment sales revenues and operating income 

Segment sales represent sales revenues directly attributable to each segment after inter-segment sales have been 
eliminated (see supplemental disclosures in the other segment information table). There are varying levels of 
integration between each segment. 

Segment operating income represents the income reported by each segment excluding any allocations of corporate 
income or expenses, and foreign exchange gains or losses arising on inter-segment settlements.  

Prior year segment information has been restated for the application of IFRS 16 – Leases, see Note 4 of the audited 
consolidated financial statements. 

Information regarding each reportable operating segment for years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is set out 
below: 

Canada 

USA 

Sales revenues 
2019 
$  78,152   

2018 
$  78,346        

55,080 

49,999 

Operating income 

2019 
$  7,831   

5,973 

2018 
$  5,009         
4,105 

Total for segments 

$  133,232  

$  128,345         

13,804 

Corporate – (loss) income  
Foreign exchange gain (loss) on inter-segment settlements 

(330) 
6 

9,114 

585 
(2) 

Consolidated operating income 

$  13,480 

$  9,697        

 Canada 

Sales 
Sales reported by the Canadian operating segment decreased to $78,152 in 2019 from $78,346 in 2018, a slight 
decrease of $194 or 0.2%. Canadian segment sales were softer in the second half of the year on a comparative basis.  
Sales growth of our core EPS insulating and building products were robust across most regions, with the exception of 
the oil-producing regions in Canada and were offset by lower sales of our structural insulated panel systems due to 
reduced residential construction sector activity.   

In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Canadian segment sales decreased to $18,140 compared to $19,312 in the 
comparative quarter, a decrease of 6.1%. Canadian sales were weakest in the oil producing markets, reflective of 
challenging economic conditions. Sales of building systems’ products decreased in the fourth quarter as compared to 
the fourth quarter of 2018. 

Operating income 
Operating income generated by the Canadian segment in the current year was $7,831, an increase of $2,822 or 56% 
from operating income of $5,009 in 2018. Margins remained strong throughout the year as a result of significantly 
lower raw material input costs. Higher labour, overhead and freight costs throughout the year had a slightly 
unfavourable impact on margins. 

USA  
Sales 
Operations in the USA were strong throughout all operations for the year. Sales growth was largely driven by our 
Custom Homes Group project based business and supported by our core EPS insulation and building products. As 
reported in Canadian dollars, sales in the current year were $55,080 versus sales of $49,999 in 2018, an increase of 
$5,081 over prior year or 10.2%. These figures are stated in Canadian dollars and a weaker Canadian dollar in 2019 
created a favourable currency effect when USA segment sales transacted in U.S. dollars are converted into the 
reporting currency.  

Eliminating the marginal effect of foreign exchange fluctuations, sales, expressed in USA dollars, were $41,534 for 
the 2019 year or 8.3% higher than sales of $38,366 in the comparative 2018 year.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the fourth quarter of 2019, the USA segment sales showed strong growth with sales of $18,684 compared with 
$15,971 in the three month period of 2018, an increase of approximately 17.0%. These figures are stated in Canadian 
dollars and during the fourth quarter of 2019 and 2018, currency movements were comparable at $1.32 per US $1.00 
in both periods. Sales, expressed in USA dollars, were $14,154 in the fourth quarter or 17.2% higher than sales of 
$12,080 in the comparative quarter. The primary sales growth in the fourth quarter was related to the sale and 
delivery of bundled products within the Custom Homes Group. 

Operating income 
The USA segment generated operating income in the current year of $5,973, compared to operating income of $4,105 
in 2018, an increase of $1,868 on a year-over-year basis. Operating income increased due to lower raw material input 
costs and improvements in labour, overhead and freight expenses when expressed as a percent of sales. 

6.2 Segment assets and liabilities 

Management measures capital employed using net segmented assets. The reconciliation of segmented assets and 
segmented liabilities in relation to total consolidated assets and liabilities is set out in the table below: 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Segment assets 
Assets not allocated to segments: 
   Cash and cash equivalents 
   Restricted marketable securities  
   Freehold land and buildings  
   Corporate taxes 1 
Total assets 

Segment liabilities 
Liabilities not allocated to segments: 
   Lease obligations 
   Long-term debt 

Total liabilities 

Net segment assets 

1 Deferred taxes. 

Canada 
USA 

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 
$  49,198   

As at 
Dec 31, 2018 

$  53,156      

20,129 
1,483 
21,567 
326 

16,944 
1,483 
22,750 
289 

$  92,703   

$  94,622        

$  18,996   

$  19,436   

9,846 
8,217 

10,609 
8,568 

$  37,059   

$  38,613   

$  22,889   
7,313 

$  25,341   
  8,379   

9   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.3 Other segment information  

Additions to non-current assets: 

Canada 
USA 
Corporate 

Total 

Additions to right-of-use assets: 

Canada 
USA 

Total 

Depreciation and amortization: 

Canada 

USA 
Corporate 

Total  

Inter-segment sales 

7.  Results of operations - fourth quarters ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 

$ thousands except where indicated 
Consolidated  results: 

Sales 
Gross profit  
Operating income   
Net income 

Earnings per share:   
     Basic 
     Diluted 

Weighted average number of shares outstanding   

Basic 
Diluted 

Sales by operating segment: 

Canada 
USA 

Operating income by segment: 

Canada 
USA 

2019 

2018 

$  1,172   
917 
113 

$  795   
1,007 
31 

$  2,202   

$  1,833   

$  351 
126 

$  477 

$  269 
28 

$  297 

$  2,526   

$  2,752   

973 
1,059 

919 
1,073 

$  4,558  

$  4,744   

$  8,202   

$  7,052   

2019 

2018 

$  36,824   
10,461 
5,237 
3,695 

$  35,283  
8,148 
3,109 
2,077 

0.55 
0.54 

0.31 
0.31 

6,720,859 
6,907,535 

6,716,003 
6,732,470 

18,140 
18,684 

19,312 
15,971 

1,339 
3,763 

954 
2,025 

Sales 
Consolidated sales in the fourth quarter of 2019 were $36,824, an increase of $1,541 or 4.4% as compared to sales of 
$35,283 reported in the fourth quarter of 2018. All of the growth in fourth quarter sales came from the USA segment, 
which reported a 17.0% increase, compared with sales in Q4/18. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit 
Gross profit, expressed as a percentage of sales was 28.4% in the current year quarter, an increase from 23.1% in the 
fourth quarter of 2018. The higher gross profit in the fourth quarter of 2019 is reflective of the trend experienced 
throughout the year of significantly lower material costs. Improvements in labour, overhead and freight expenses also 
contributed to higher gross profit, when expressed as a percent of sales, compared to the prior year period. 

Operating income 
Increased sales and better-quality margins factored into much improved operating income results in the current quarter 
versus Q4/18. Operating income was $5,237 in the current quarter as compared to $3,109 in Q4/18, a favourable variance 
of $2,128, with the USA segment operating income contributing to the majority of the increase.  

Net income and earnings per share 
Net income in the current quarter was $3,695 as compared to a net income of $2,077 in the comparative quarter of 2018, a 
favourable variance of $1,618. 

Basic and diluted earnings per share in the current quarter were $0.54 and $0.55, respectively as compared to $0.31 and 
$0.31, respectively, reported for the fourth quarter of 2018.   

8.  Liquidity and capital resources 

Sources of liquidity 
PFB maintained a strong liquidity position, which increased from the beginning of the current year reflecting strong sales 
and an efficient cash conversion cycle from both operating segments. PFB ended 2019 with cash and cash equivalents of 
$20,129, or a $3,185 increase from the prior year. The net cash from operating activities increased by $5,839 compared to 
the prior year. Future liquidity depends on PFB being able to sustain cash flows from operating activities in conjunction 
with the availability of bank credit facilities. The Corporation’s credit facilities and long-term debt contain certain 
covenants, with which the Corporation was in compliance as at December 31, 2019 and 2018. PFB anticipates that future 
liquidity will be adequate to fund its ongoing business activities including anticipated changes in non-cash working 
capital, capital expenditures, payment of financial obligations, and payment of regular dividends over the next twelve 
months.  

PFB’s revolving credit facility in Canada and the USA were unused as at December 31, 2019. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalent balances as at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: 

Cash held with banks 
Short-term investments 

December 31, 2019  December 31, 2018 

$  18,629   
1,500 

$  20,129   

$  13,744     
3,200 

$  16,944         

As at December 31, 2019, PFB held net cash balances of $20,129, an increase from the cash position as at December 31, 
2018, which was $16,944. A significant proportion of the cash on hand, resides in the USA segment.   

Cash - restricted 

Restricted cash amounted to $924, a decrease of $423 from $1,347 in 2018 as cash was applied towards contractual 
performance obligations. Restricted cash comprises cash collected from certain customers of the USA segment that is 
contractually segregated from other cash and not comingled, as it is held exclusively for disbursements to suppliers and 
service providers specific to those individual customer contracts. 

PFB’s cash and restricted cash balances typically fluctuate throughout the year in line with seasonality and contracts with 
customers for bundled construction contracts. 

Borrowings 
During 2019, there were no additional borrowings of long-term debt. During 2017, the Corporation obtained long-term 
debt in a form of a mortgage in the amount of $9,152 from a Canadian bank to fund the purchase of a real estate 
transaction. The terms of the debt are a fixed interest rate of 3.25% for a 5-year period, with a 20-year amortization.  

11   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
The Corporation is subject to certain covenants on its outstanding long-term debt, one of which is a financial covenant to 
maintain a Debt Service Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25:1. The Debt Service Coverage Ratio is defined as adjusted 
EBITDA for the current year, less dividends, divided by the sum of all principal and interest payments during the course 
of the year. The calculated Debt Service Coverage Ratio at December 31, 2019 and 2018 exceeded the minimum 
requirement of 1.25:1.  

Total balance of current and non-current portions of long-term debt was $8,217 as at December 31, 2019, which has 
decreased by $351 for principal repayments.  

Bank credit facilities 
Canada  
In January 2019, the Corporation increased its credit facility arrangements from $10,000 to $17,000. The revolving 
facility continues to be secured by a first ranking security interest in trade receivables and inventories of the Canadian 
subsidiary. The Corporation provides a guarantee and postponement of claim to the bank in the amount of $17,000. 

The interest rate applicable on draws made against the facility is the Canadian bank’s prime rate and the facility carries a 
nominal maintenance fee. The credit facility was not drawn as at December 31, 2019 and 2018.    

USA  
In December 2018, the Corporation’s USA subsidiary renewed credit facility arrangements with a US bank for a variable 
rate revolving facility in the amount of $1,250. The revolving facility is secured by all inventory and equipment of the 
USA subsidiary. The interest rate applicable on draws made against the facility is a variable rate based on an index plus 
0.25%.  

Under the facility, the USA subsidiary is subject to certain covenants, including financial covenants to maintain an 
Operating Cash Flow to Fixed Charge Coverage ratio of not less than 1.20:1 and to maintain a Total Debt to Tangible Net 
Worth Ratio of less than 3.00 to 1.00. The credit facility was not drawn as at December 31, 2019 and 2018.   

Change in non-cash working capital 
The balance sheet changes in the principal components of non-cash working capital in 2019 and 2018 are highlighted in 
the following table. 

Trade receivables 
Inventories 
Prepaid expenses 
Contract cost 
Trade and other payables  
Contract liabilities 

2019 

$  10,746   
11,598 
469 
487 
(10,324) 
(5,943) 
$  7,033  

2018 

$  13,082  
11,638 
374 
475 
(10,894) 
(6,464) 
$  8,211  

Change  

$  (2,336)   
(40) 
95 
12 
570 
521 
$  (1,178)  

In 2019, non-cash working capital decreased by an amount of $1,178 to $7,033 at the end of the current year from $8,211 
in 2018. 

Trade receivables decreased on the balance sheet by $2,336 in 2019 and reflective of decreased sales in the final month of 
the fourth quarter compared to Q4/18. The value of actual trade receivables written-off in the current year increased to 
$46 from $13 in 2018.  

Inventory carrying costs at the end of 2019 decreased slightly from the prior year. The overall carrying cost of inventories 
at the end of 2019 was $11,598 as compared to $11,638 at the end of 2018, an increase of $40. Raw materials and finished 
goods were at higher levels, while work-in-process decreased slightly, however are in line with seasonal activity.  

Trade and other payables were $570 lower at the end 2019 as compared to at the end of 2018, consistent with a general 
decrease in trading activities in the latter part of the fourth quarter.   

Customer deposits collected, mainly in the USA segment, represent future contract liabilities to transfer goods or services 
to a customer for which consideration has been received and the Corporation remains obligated to perform. Contract 
liabilities decreased by $521 in 2019 as a result of strong performance by the Custom Homes Group delivering on 
performance obligations in the fourth quarter.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of cash flows 
A summary of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are included in the following table: 

Net cash flows from (used in): 

Cash from operating activities, before income taxes  
Income taxes paid, net 

Net cash from operating activities 
Net cash used in investing activities 
Net cash used in financing activities 

Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash held 
in foreign currencies 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of the year 

Cash and cash equivalents – end of the year 

(a)  Operating activities 

2019 

2018 

$  20,190   
(2,653) 

17,537 
(1,613) 
(12,038) 

(701) 

3,185 
16,944 

$  13,010 
(1,312) 

11,698 
(2,943) 
(4,794) 

803 

4,764 
12,180 

$  20,129   

$  16,944 

In 2019, cash from operating activities before income taxes paid, was $20,190 as compared to $13,010 in the 
comparative year, an increase of $7,180. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to higher net income in the 
current year from record sales. Income taxes paid of $2,653 in the current compared to $1,312 in the prior year as a 
result of higher taxable income in the USA segment, resulting in net cash from operating activities of $17,537 in 2019 
compared to $11,698 in 2018. 

(b)  Investing activities 

Net cash used in investing activities in 2019 was $1,613 as compared to cash used in investing activities of $2,943 in 
2018, a decrease of $1,330. Investing activities decreased primarily due to decreases in restricted cash resulting on 
the delivery of performance obligations in the Custom Homes Group. 

In the current year, purchases of property plant and equipment (PP&E) were $1,885 and purchases of intangible 
assets were $317 compared to PP&E purchases of $1,769 and intangible purchases of $64 in 2018, an overall net 
change of $369. PP&E expenditures were mainly directed at maintenance of business operations, while intangible 
expenditures were mainly directed at future optimization and efficiency of operations.     

(c)  Financing activities 

Cash used in financing activities in 2019 was $12,038 as compared to $4,794 in 2018, an increase of $7,244. 

Repayment of lease obligations in 2019, reflect the adoption of the lease accounting standard, for leased property of 
vehicles, trucks and trailers, office equipment, machinery and equipment, which amounted to $1,157 as compared to 
lease repayments of $1,025 in 2018. Comparative amounts for 2018 have been restated for the application of the new 
lease accounting standard. Finance costs reflect the adoption of the new lease standard, and prior comparative 
amounts have been restated. A decrease in finance costs from $1,281 in 2018 to $1,163 in 2019 reflect lower lease 
obligations related to property.  

During 2019, the Corporation paid a regular quarterly dividend of $0.08 per common share in February. The 
Corporation increased the dividend in the second quarter of 2019 and paid an increased regular quarterly dividend of 
$0.09 per common share in May, August and November. Additionally, in the fourth quarter of 2019, PFB paid a one-
time, special dividend of $1.00 per common share which increased total dividends paid in 2019 to an aggregate 
amount of $9,044 as compared to dividends paid in 2018 of $2,150.  

In 2019, PFB purchased shares for cancellation under a Normal Course Issuer Bid. In 2019, the purchased shares cost 
$525 with respect to 50,000 common shares cancelled (see the normal course issuer bid section below for more 
details). 

13   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding share data 
The issued and outstanding number of common shares as at March 12, 2020 was 6,691,003. 

Capital structure and capital management 
PFB manages its capital structure to ensure its consolidated operations continue to operate as a going concern, to optimize 
returns to shareholders, and to safeguard corporate assets.  

PFB’s capital structure consists of net debt (long-term debt offset by cash and cash equivalents) and equity of the 
Corporation (comprising issued share capital, reserves, accumulated comprehensive income, and retained earnings as 
detailed in the consolidated statement of changes in equity).  

PFB’s capital structure, net of cash and cash equivalents, as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, is as outlined in the following 
table:  

Long-term debt (excluding lease obligations) 
Less: cash and cash equivalents 

Net debt (surplus cash) 

Shareholders’ equity 

As at 
December 31, 2019 

As at 
December 31, 2018 

$  8,217  
20,129 

$  (11,912)   

$  8,568   
16,944 

$  (8,376)  

$  55,656   

$  56,009  

Net borrowings to equity ratio 

N/A % 

N/A % 

PFB considers the amount of capital it requires in proportion to the associated risks. Adjustments may be made to PFB’s 
capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. The 
capital structure can be maintained or adjusted in a variety of ways as circumstances change, including: adjusting the 
amount of dividends paid to shareholders; purchasing shares for cancellation (under Normal Course Issuer Bids); issuing 
new shares; and increasing or repaying debt financing. 

PFB pursues its capital management objectives by prudently managing the capital generated through internal growth of its 
operations, optimizing the use of lower cost capital when required, and raising share capital when deemed appropriate, to 
fund significant strategic growth initiatives. 

Share-based options 

PFB granted 100,000 share options in the year ended December 31, 2019. In the year ended December 31, 2018, PFB 
granted 400,000 share options, of which 25,000 were exercised in Q2/19.    

Restricted share units 

PFB granted 100,000 restricted share units on January 1, 2019. Each restricted share unit is entitled to dividend equivalent 
payments to be paid at the time regular and special dividends are paid. Dividend equivalent payments paid in 2019 
amounted to $135.    

Share capital 
The Corporation has one class of publicly traded voting common shares. A summary of the Corporation’s share capital 
position as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, is set forth in the following table: 

Balance, beginning of the year 

Exercise of stock options 

Repurchased pursuant to normal course issuer bid 

December 31, 2019 

December 31, 2018 

No. of Shares 
6,716,003 

Amount 
$  20,947   

  No. of Shares 
6,716,003 

Amount 
$  20,947 

25,000 

(50,000) 

222 

(157) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Balance, end of the year 

6,691,003 

$  21,012   

6,716,003 

$  20,947 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends 
During 2019, The Board of Directors increased the quarterly dividend per common share to $0.09. The Board of Directors 
declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.08 per common share in February, and $0.09 per common share in May, 
August and November of 2019.  

PFB declared a one-time, special dividend of $1.00 per common share which was paid in November of 2019. Aggregate 
dividends paid in the year ended December 31, 2019, amounted to $9,044 (2018 - $2,150). 

Dividends paid by PFB qualify as eligible dividends and satisfy the enhanced gross-up and dividend tax credit change 
enacted under Canadian tax law. 

Normal course issuer bid 
In August 2019, the Corporation obtained approval from the Toronto Stock Exchange to renew its Normal Course Issuer 
Bid (the “Bid”) program for a twelve month period, which commenced on September 3, 2019 and ends no later than 
September 2, 2020. The renewal allows the Corporation to purchase up to a maximum of 50,000 of its common shares, 
representing 0.74% of the Corporation’s 6,741,003 issued and outstanding common shares as at August 29, 2019, subject 
to daily maximum purchases of 1,000 common shares and other normal terms and limitations of such bids. The 
Corporation will purchase from time-to-time its common shares at market prices by means of open market transactions on 
the Toronto Stock Exchange.    

During 2019, the Corporation purchased for cancellation 50,000 of its common shares for an aggregate price of $525, of 
which $368 was charged to retained earnings as a premium on redemption of the common shares. In the comparative year 
2018, the Corporation did not purchase any of its common shares.   

Comprehensive income 

Comprehensive income consists of net income or loss, together with certain other economic gains and losses that, 
collectively, are described as “other comprehensive income” and those items are excluded from the consolidated 
statements of income. 

On January 1, 2018, the Corporation adopted IFRS 9 and adopted an irrevocable election to account for changes in the fair 
value of the marketable securities – restricted, through other comprehensive income, until derecognition through the 
completion of the plan of arrangement or the release of the trust units held in escrow. 

A summary of comprehensive income for the three and twelve month periods ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as 
follows: 

Net income for the period 
Other comprehensive (loss) income 

Three month periods  
ended December 31 
2018 

2019 

$  3,695   
(339) 

$  2,077   
989 

Twelve month periods  
ended December 31 
2018 

2019 

$  9,026  
(1,014) 

$  6,170 
1,704 

Comprehensive income for the period 

$  3,356  

$  3,066   

$  8,012   

$  7,874   

In the fourth quarter of 2019, comprehensive income was $3,356 as compared to a comprehensive income of $3,066 in the 
comparative quarter of 2018. Other comprehensive loss of $339 (Q4/18 – income of $989) in the current quarter consisted 
of losses of $505 (Q4/18 – income of $1,127) attributed to foreign currency translation when consolidating PFB’s USA 
operations and a gain of $166 (Q4/18 – loss of $138) from pension plan valuation changes.  

Included in accumulated comprehensive income at December 31, 2019, were foreign currency translation adjustments 
totalling $1,180, and $166 of defined benefit valuation changes, net of tax, for total accumulated other comprehensive loss 
of $1,014. The foreign currency translation adjustments throughout 2019, reflect a slightly weakened Canadian dollar 
throughout 2019 when retranslating USA segment from US dollars into Canadian dollars, resulting in the currency 
translation adjustment of $1,180. The $166 gain in pension plan valuation changes in December 31, 2019 from a loss of 
$138 at December 31, 2018, reflects re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability through accumulated other 
comprehensive income, effected for tax. 

15   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.  Contractual obligations and commitments  

In the normal course of business, PFB is obligated to make future contractual payments. As at December 31, 2019, PFB’s 
contractual obligations and commitments are as outlined in the following table: 

Contractual obligations 1 
(Payment due periods)  

Long-term debt (principal & interest) 
Lease obligations 
Commitments for PP&E 
   and intangible assets 
Other long-term obligations 
Fixed-price utility contracts 

Total 

$  10,746   

16,672 

1,086  

999 

1,505 

$  623 

2,024 

1,086 

218 

355 

   Within  
1 year 

2-3  
years 

4–5  
years  

Over 
5 years 

$  1,246  

$  1,246   

$  7,631  

3,599 

3,084 

7,965 

- 

436 

710 

- 

345 

440 

- 

- 

- 

$  15,596 

Total contractual obligations 
1 Long-term debt and lease obligations in the above table represent the aggregate outstanding principal amounts and related finance costs.  

$  31,008   

$  5,115  

$  5,991  

$  4,306  

Long-term debt obligations are a result of significant one-time events in 2017 and represent a mortgage on the purchase of 
certain leased assets in 2017. Lease obligations have increased as a result of new lease accounting standards with respect 
to finance obligations for property (land, office space, manufacturing and storage facilities), vehicles, truck and trailers 
office equipment, machinery and equipment.   

From time-to-time, under the terms of certain sales contracts, PFB’s subsidiaries may be required to provide performance 
bonds as security. Performance bonds are considered normal practice for suppliers and contractors participating in larger 
construction projects, usually of a public nature. In the USA, government agencies in certain states have requirements for 
bonds to be posted when certain types of licensing applications are made in those states. As at December 31, 2019, the 
USA, performance bonds in the amount of $620 (2018 - $651) were pledged to various government agencies. 

10. Financial instruments and financial risks 

Fair value of financial instruments 

PFB’s financial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis have been classified into one of 
three categories based upon the following fair value hierarchy:  

Level 1:  Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for 

identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2:  Fair value is based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either 

directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. 

Level 3:  Fair value is based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and 

significant to the overall fair value measurement. 

A summary of the categories and fair values of financial instruments held by PFB as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, are 
stated in the following table. The carrying costs of each financial instrument for each year in the consolidated balance 
sheets are equal to their fair values.  

Financial instrument 
Cash and cash equivalents  
Cash - restricted 
Restricted marketable securities   FVOCI 
Trade receivables  

Category 
Measurement 
Assets at amortized cost  Amortized cost 
Assets at amortized cost  Amortized cost 

Fair value 

Hierarchy 
Level 1 
Level 1 
Level 2 

Trade and other payables 

Long-term debt 

Assets at amortized cost  Amortized cost  N/A 
Financial liabilities at 
amortized cost 
Financial liabilities at 
amortized cost 

Amortized cost   N/A 

Amortized cost 

Level 2 

2019 
Fair Value 
$  20,129   
924 
1,483 
10,746 

2018 
Fair Value 
$  16,944   
1,347 
1,483 
13,082 

(10,324) 

(10,894) 

(8,217) 

(8,568) 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit risk 

Credit risk is defined as the risk that PFB’s counterparties in a transaction fail to meet or discharge their obligation to PFB.  

The Corporation’s exposure to credit risk is associated with trade receivables and the potential risk that any customer is 
unable to pay amounts when due. Allowances for doubtful accounts and bad debts are estimated and maintained as at the 
balance sheet date. The amounts reported for trade receivables on the balance sheet are net of allowances for doubtful 
accounts and the net carrying value represents PFB’s maximum exposure to credit risk. 

The Corporation’s subsidiaries provide trade credit to their customers in the normal course of business and PFB’s credit 
policy is universally adopted across all its businesses. The policy requires the credit history of each new customer to be 
closely examined before credit is granted, which may involve performing solvency tests if a particular account is expected 
to become significant. It is not normal practice to require customers’ to provide collateral or security as a condition of 
approving trade credit. The diversity of PFB’s customer base and product offering combine to minimize overall exposures 
to credit risks.  

Customers ordering highly-customized manufactured products are required to make advance payments at various 
predefined stages of a sales contract. All payments received in advance of invoicing are reported as contract liabilities 
under the current liability section of the balance sheet. Final contract balances are typically required to be paid in full 
before products are shipped.  

Management diligently reviews past due trade receivables balances on a weekly basis to monitor potential credit risks. 
Accounts are considered for impairment on a case-by-case basis when they are past due or when objective evidence is 
received that a customer may default. A number of factors are considered in determining the likelihood of impairment. All 
bad debt write-offs and changes in the doubtful trade receivables reserve are expensed or credited, as applicable, to selling 
expenses in the consolidated statement of income.   

PFB believes that credit risk associated with its trade receivables is limited for the following reasons: 

  Trade receivables balances are spread amongst a broad customer base which is dispersed across a wide geographic 

range; 

  The aging profile of trade receivables balances are systematically monitored by management; 
  Larger customers are offered a discount off invoice for prompt payment which is strictly enforced; and   
  Payments for highly-customized orders are received in advance of products being shipped. 

Potential credit risk associated with contractual holdback amounts pertaining to certain large projects is considered to be 
low as the customers involved are required to provide bonding to the owners of the projects. The credit risk on cash 
balances is limited because the counterparties are large commercial banks in Canada and the United States. 

Payments of interest collected from customers on past due trade receivables balances is included as part of investment 
income in the consolidated statement of income. 

Foreign currency risk  

Currency risk is defined as the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because 
of changes in foreign exchange rates. 

The Corporation operates in both Canada and the United States of America and is exposed to foreign exchange risks 
arising from changes in foreign exchange rates between the two countries. At the present time, the Corporation has a net 
exposure to the United States dollar, as the prices of most raw materials used in its businesses are denominated in U.S. 
dollars. Raw material supplies denominated in U.S. dollars are usually paid within thirty days or less of receiving actual 
deliveries, which is consistent with industry practices.  

Periodically, management may commit to entering into foreign exchange contracts to attempt to protect earnings against 
relatively short-term fluctuations in exchange rates. In such cases, management attempts to make informed judgements in 
entering such transactions but there is a possibility that markets may not respond in ways predicted. To the extent that the 
Corporation does not fully hedge its foreign currency exposure and exchange rate risk, or the Corporation’s subsidiaries are 
not able to or do not raise their selling prices accordingly when exchange rates are moving in an unfavourable direction, the 
profitability of the business could be adversely affected. The Corporation does not enter into currency driven derivative 
financial instruments for speculative purposes. The Corporation did not hold any foreign exchange contracts as at 
December 31, 2019. 

17   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
Historically, the Corporation has mainly financed its USA operations from internal resources with demand loans 
denominated in Canadian dollars on which the USA operations is exposed to currency risk. As the exchange rate between 
the Canadian and U.S. dollars fluctuated, unrealized gains and losses arising on the loans were recorded in the consolidated 
statement of income in accordance with IFRS. Foreign exchange gain or losses on inter-segment settlements represent 
transactions between the Canadian and USA segment are settled on a monthly basis and involve foreign currency risk.  

Interest rate risk  

Interest rate risk is defined as the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate 
because of change in market interest rates.  

The Corporation’s interest rate risk is mitigated with a fixed rate of interest at 3.25% on its long-term debt until renewal in 
March 2022. Management believes that the potential adverse impact of interest rate fluctuations on the current level of 
borrowings exposed to interest rate risk will not be significant in relation to its expected future earnings.     

As at December 31, 2019, the Corporation’s Canadian subsidiary had access to a revolving credit facility with a Canadian 
bank. The revolving credit facility has a limit of $17,000 based on marginable trade receivables and inventories and the 
revolving credit facility was unused. The Corporation’s USA subsidiary had access to a revolving credit facility with a US 
bank. The revolving credit facility has a limit of $1,250, based on all inventory and equipment. The revolving credit 
facility was unused at December 31, 2019. 

Liquidity risk  

Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that an entity will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial 
liabilities. 

The Corporation’s liquidity risk is that it is not able to settle liabilities when due or that it can do so only at an abnormally 
high cost. Accordingly, one of management’s primary goals is to maintain an optimum level of liquidity by actively 
managing assets, liabilities and cash flows generated by operations. The Corporation’s future strategies can be financed 
through a combination of cash flows generated by operations, borrowing under existing credit facilities, and the issuance 
of equity. Management prepares regular budgets and cash flow forecasts to help predict future changes in liquidity.  

11. Off-balance sheet arrangements 

The Corporation does not believe it has any off balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a 
current or future material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity, other than those disclosed in 
the balance sheet as the available portion of credit facilities. 

12. Related party transactions 

All related party transactions are constituted in the ordinary course of business and they have been measured at the agreed 
exchange amounts which approximate fair value. All transactions with related parties have been approved by the 
Corporation’s Board of Directors.  

Balances and transactions between the Corporation and its subsidiaries, which are related parties of the Corporation, have 
been eliminated on consolidation. 

In the years ended December 2019 and 2018, the Corporation had the following transactions with related parties:  

Related party 
E. Carruthers Trucking 
Aeonian Capital Corporation  Management services 

Nature of transactions 
Transportation services 

The following related party balances were outstanding at the end of the reporting years:  

Related party 

Nature of transactions 

E. Carruthers Trucking 

Transportation services 

2019 

$  2,168   
350 

2018 
$  2,163   
350 

$  2,518  

$  2,513   

2019 

2018 

$  75        

$  81  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Aeonian Capital Corporation (“Aeonian”), and its affiliates, owned 2,972,168 (2018 - 2,991,168) common shares of the 
Corporation representing 44.4% (2018 – 44.5%) of the 6,691,003 issued and outstanding shares as at December 31, 2019. 
Aeonian is controlled by C. Alan Smith, President and Chairman of PFB. The Corporation is charged fees by Aeonian for 
management services including those provided by Mr. Smith. The fees are reported under administrative expenses in the 
consolidated statement of income.  

E. Carruthers Trucking is owned by a sibling of a member of the Board of PFB. The transactions have occurred in the 
normal course of operations at arm’s length and are based on standard commercial terms.  

13. Subsequent events 

 Declaration of regular quarterly dividend 
On February 3, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.09 per common share, which was 
paid on February 28, 2020, to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 14, 2020. 

14. Outlook 

Strong performance in the fourth quarter of 2019 by the Corporation generated record Q4/19 sales, strong margin 
performance and record adjusted EBITDA. USA segment sales were aligned with our strategic initiatives intended to 
increase USA segment sales as a proportion of total consolidated sales. Canadian segments sales were softer than expected, 
however margin performance significantly improved on a year-over-year basis.  

As a result, the Corporation experienced record consolidated sales of $133,232 in 2019 as compared to $128,345 in 2018, 
recording year over year sales growth in three out of four quarters during the year. In 2019, overall sales were led by the 
USA segment while the Canadian segment maintained similar sales levels to those experienced in 2018. Sales growth and 
activity were very strong in our Custom Homes Group and in our core EPS insulation and building product sales. Sales in 
our Structural Insulated Panel systems were softer due to residential construction sector headwinds in Canada. 
Management is focused on sustaining current performance and continuing to grow the business into 2020, in line with our 
strategic initiatives intended to drive top line growth. 

The Corporation set a record adjusted EBITDA of $6,363 in Q4/19 and a record adjusted EBITDA of $18,038 in 2019 as 
compared to 2018 adjusted EBITDA of $14,441, a 24.9% year over year increase. Favourably consistent raw material input 
costs along with stable product pricing and stable operating efficiencies resulted in gross margins of 26.1% for 2019 as 
compared to 22.7% for 2018, an increase of 3.4% of sales. Uncertainty related to styrene monomer, our principal raw 
material input, as a result of continued trade and tariff disputes between the United States and China persist, however the 
impact has contributed to lower and more stable pricing.  

The longer-term devaluation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar limits the ability of competitors to import their 
products into Canada and increases the USA segment sales when expressed in Canadian dollars. The majority of our raw 
materials are priced and purchased in U.S. dollars and a weaker Canadian dollar results in an increase in the cost of sales. 
Continued volatility of the Canadian dollar is possible based on geo-political environments and ongoing global trade and 
tariff disputes.  

The influence of lower world crude oil prices on the economies of North America continues to be a positive macro driver 
of the outlook for the Corporation. In general, although the oil effect can impact regions within North America differently, 
the Corporation continues to perform well in both Canada and the USA. 

The Corporation continues to experience sustained demand for EPS product lines in both Canada and the USA operating 
segments. Infrastructure activity in Canada and the USA continue to present good opportunities for growth, however can 
distort quarter comparative sales based on project timing. Generally speaking, the Canadian economy remains stable and 
there continues to be sustained demand for our nationally branded insulation and building products across the country. The 
United States expansion continues to be a strategic objective and we remain optimistic as increased interest in our branded 
products that are manufactured in the USA continue to gain traction with customers. The Corporation continues to search 
for suitable acquisitions to expand our strategic footprint with focus on USA initiatives. 

Although the USA and Canadian residential construction sectors slowed in 2019, the commercial construction sectors 
remained active which had an offsetting effect. Residential construction is showing signs of improving into 2020. The 
Corporation remains cautiously optimistic for the first quarter of 2020 as order books are building toward spring and 
summer construction seasons, with the caveat that the potential effects of the unfolding coronavirus are unknown.  

19   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
15. Disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) 

DC&P are designed to provide reasonable assurance that all relevant information is gathered and reported to management, 
including, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) on a timely basis so that appropriate 
decisions can be made regarding public disclosures.  

An evaluation of our DC&P was conducted, as at December 31, 2019, by management under the supervision of the CEO 
and the CFO. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and the CFO have concluded that, as at December 31, 2019, our DC&P, 
as defined in National Instrument 52-109, Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings (NI 52-109), 
was effective. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no absolute assurances can be made that Corporation’s controls over disclosure will detect 
or prevent all failures of individuals within the organization to disclose material information otherwise required to be set 
forth in reports or news releases issued by the Corporation. 

16. Internal controls over financial reporting 

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting to provide 
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial reports for external 
reporting purposes in accordance with IFRS.  

All control systems contain inherent limitations, no matter how well designed and operated. As a result, management 
acknowledges that PFB’s internal controls over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all misstatements due to error 
or fraud. In addition, management’s evaluation of controls can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that all 
control issues that may result in material misstatements, if any, have been detected. 

As at December 31, 2019, the CEO and CFO, assessed the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal controls over 
financial reporting and concluded that it was effective and that no material weaknesses in the Corporation’s internal 
controls over financial reporting has been identified.  

17. Risk management and assessment 

PFB is subject to risks and uncertainties inherent in the operation of its business. Management defines risk as the 
possibility that an event might happen in the future that could negatively affect the financial condition and/or results of 
operations of the Corporation. The following section describes specific and general risks that could affect PFB. The Audit 
Committee and the Board of Directors play an important role in developing risk management programs and reviewing and 
monitoring them on a quarterly basis. As it is difficult to predict whether any risk will happen or its related consequences, 
the actual effect of any risk on PFB’s business could be materially different from anticipated. 

The following descriptions of general and specific risks do not include all possible risks, as there may be other risks 
existing of which the Corporation is currently unaware. 

17.1  Raw material price and supply  

The price of raw materials, specifically, styrene monomer, expandable polystyrene resin, polypropylene copolymers, 
oriented strand board, and raw timbers combined represent a significant portion of manufacturing costs in PFB’s 
businesses. Historically, there have been considerable cyclical and other causes of volatility in the price of these 
materials which is outside the control of PFB. There are no futures markets for these materials available to PFB, 
which limits the ability to lock in prices for fixed periods of time.  

PFB may, from time-to-time, build inventories of both raw materials and finished goods which can lead to the 
assumption of risk due to an inability to match carrying costs to selling prices under certain fixed price sales 
contracts. Conversely, from time to time, PFB may be short of inventory that has been contracted to be delivered 
under fixed price sales contracts that can lead to the assumption of risk also due to an inability to match costs to 
selling prices.  

Management continues to explore opportunities to minimize the impact that price swings in purchasing raw 
materials has on PFB’s earnings. The changing dynamics in the petrochemical industry, primarily driven by world 
oil prices, refining capacity, petrochemical manufacturing capacity, reliability of transportation infrastructure and 
other global events, and changing dynamics affecting other industries, are difficult to predict. Such changes may  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
create the potential for raw material supply disruptions or shortages which would be detrimental to PFB’s 
operations.  

17.2   Economic and market conditions 

PFB’s business is affected by fluctuating economic conditions, consumer confidence and spending, and both the 
demand for and prices of its EPS products and insulating building systems in those geographical areas in which it 
operates. Volatile economic conditions generally including but not limited to factors affecting the construction 
industry (residential and commercial) such as; the impact of changing mortgage rates and other interest rates  may 
translate into lower demand for PFB’s products. Such effects may also adversely affect the financial condition and 
credit risk of PFB’s customers, including their ability to obtain credit to finance their businesses, which could create 
uncertainty over the collectability of trade receivables.  

17.3   International Trade 

PFB exports some of its products to customers outside Canada and the USA and imports some of its raw materials 
so that some inputs are affected by global commodity prices. PFB’s operations are subject to inherent risks, 
including: changes in the free flow of goods between countries; fluctuations in currency values; discriminatory fiscal 
policies; unexpected changes in local regulations and laws; and the uncertainty of enforcement of remedies in 
foreign jurisdictions. In addition, trade agreements between Canada, the United States and foreign jurisdictions 
could change with unpredictable results and foreign jurisdictions could impose tariffs, quotas, trade barriers, and 
other similar restrictions on the PFB’s international sales.  Seemingly unrelated events such as pandemics or 
regional health concerns can interrupt the supply of goods and materials or reduce demand for goods.  All of these 
risks could result in increased costs, decreased revenues, increased competition, reduced demand or supply chain 
disruptions any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of 
operations.  

17.4   Competition 

As a market leader in its industry, PFB faces intense and growing competition from other manufacturers of all sizes 
located in both Canada and the United States, new entrants into the markets we serve, along with manufacturers of 
substitute competitive products. Competition can affect PFB’s pricing strategies and lower its sales revenues and net 
income. Competition can also affect PFB’s ability to retain existing customers and attract new ones. A competitive 
business climate increases the resolve to provide exceptional customer service, quality products, and the need to be 
price competitive. Management continues to identify ways to grow revenues, manage expenses and increase 
productivity. This requires anticipating and responding quickly to the constant changes in its businesses and 
markets. 

17.5   Currency  

PFB has a net exposure to the U.S. dollar which makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate 
between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar. The timing of foreign exchange rate fluctuations between the 
Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar can have a significant effect on PFB’s operating results, the effect and 
magnitude of which depends on the product mix of sales and raw material purchases. 

From time-to-time, management may commit to utilizing derivative financial instruments in the normal course of 
business as a means of management of its foreign currency exposure. Management attempts to make informed 
judgements in such transactions but there is the possibility that markets may respond in ways not predicted. To the 
extent that PFB does not fully hedge its foreign currency exposure and exchange rate risk, or PFB’s subsidiaries are 
not able or do not raise their selling prices accordingly when exchange rates are moving in an unfavourable 
direction, the profitability of the business could be adversely affected. 

17.6   Acquisitions 

PFB’s growth strategy includes making strategic acquisitions when possible. There is no assurance that PFB will 
find suitable businesses or assets to acquire or that it will have the financial resources needed to complete any 
acquisition. There could also be challenges integrating the operations of any acquired company with existing 
operations 

17.7   Financing and liquidity 

In developing business operations to their full potential, significant capital and operating expenditures may be 
required on an ongoing basis. PFB has historically generated sufficient cash flow from its operations to fund its 
capital expenditure requirements, repay financing obligations, and maintain regular dividend payments. Future 
development of new products and the growth of PFB’s business through internal expansion or by acquisitions may  

21   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
depend on access to external financing. PFB’s cash position and existing credit facilities are considered adequate to 
meet its current and medium-term needs. There is no guarantee that financing for future expansion of PFB’s 
operations will be available on acceptable terms, if required.  

17.8   Reputation  

Negative publicity regarding PFB’s business practices and products, regardless of whether true or false, could 
adversely affect PFB’s reputation which could affect its operations, customers, and share value. PFB manages 
reputational risk by placing the utmost importance on corporate governance and full and fair disclosure. Good 
corporate governance practice emanates from an effective board of directors. PFB’s board of directors and its board 
committees have been formed to competently perform the role of overseeing the appropriate management of PFB’s 
affairs with the objective of maximizing the long-term value of PFB. A detailed summary outlining PFB’s corporate 
governance practices can be found in the most recent Management Information Circular. 

17.9    Trade credit  

PFB’s subsidiaries provide trade credit to their customers in the normal course of business. PFB’s credit policy is 
universally adopted across its businesses. The policy requires the credit history of each new customer to be closely 
examined before credit is granted, which may include performing solvency tests if a particular account is expected 
to become significant. Management diligently reviews past due trade receivables on a weekly basis which helps 
minimize credit risk. The diversity of PFB’s activities and customer base also helps minimize the credit risk to 
which it may be exposed.    

17.10 Environmental considerations 

Environmental issues are gaining in importance globally including PFB’s stakeholders and customers. PFB is 
committed to responsibly managing the direct and indirect impact it has on the environment, including in its 
manufacturing processes, disposal and reuse of waste, transportation of products and raw materials. The insulating 
properties of PFB’s products contribute to reducing energy use and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  PFB believes 
that it is in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws in jurisdictions where it has operations.  PFB 
takes custody of hazardous materials when the goods physically arrive at its facilities.  

17.11 Information technology 

PFB relies on information technology in conducting its businesses. This involves web-based connections, access to 
secure, centrally located servers and databases, and maintaining existing applications and implementing new 
applications. The security and safeguarding of information technology assets and protocols will continue to be 
increasingly important to PFB. PFB manages its exposure to I.T. risks by continuously reviewing its access and 
application controls, performing disaster recovery testing, locating its backbone I.T. assets in an industry-leading 
secure offsite location, and hiring and training specialist employees with respect to the protection and use of I.T. 
assets and related intellectual property. Failure in the completeness, accuracy, availability or security of PFB’s 
information systems or a breach of data security could adversely affect its operations and financial results. 
Correspondingly, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, security breaches, unforeseen natural disasters and related events 
or disruptions could result in information systems failures that may adversely affect PFB’s operations and financial 
results.  

17.12 Cyber Security 

PFB relies on information technology and information systems in all area of operations. These systems are subject to 
an increasing number of sophisticated cyber threats. The methods used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or 
degrade service or sabotage systems are constantly evolving. A successful incursion or cyber-attack may result in a 
breach of sensitive information or systems being disrupted, possibly negatively affecting PFB’s financial position, 
brand and/or its ability to achieve strategic objectives.  

17.13 Seasonality and climatic factors affecting the construction industry 

Due to the seasonal nature of the construction industry, PFB’s sales exhibit variations when viewed on a quarter-by-
quarter basis. Typically, sales are weakest in the first and fourth quarters of the year and strongest in the second or 
third quarters. Sales in any quarter can be significantly influenced by weather patterns, particularly the timing of 
when winter begins and ends and its severity.  

17.14 Plant and facilities 

PFB operates a number of manufacturing facilities across North America, most of which operate at or near capacity 
for significant portions of the year.  Any disruption to operations at any plant and facility arising from natural or 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
man-made causes such as fire, flood, labour disputes, interferences with access or egress, or other events, could have 
a material impact on PFB and its business operations. 

17.15 Employee future benefits 

A defined benefit pension plan (the “Plan”) exists for certain Ontario-based employees who are members of the 
United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied industrial and Service Workers 
International union.  The latest accounting valuation of the Plan calculated in accordance with IAS 19 was completed 
as at December 31, 2019, and it identified that the Plan had a net asset arising from a defined benefit asset of $304 
when compared to defined benefit asset of $10 at the end of the 2018 comparative year. Throughout 2019 and 2018, 
PFB made both normal service and special payment contributions to the Plan. The actual rate of return on plan assets 
and changes in interest rates and other variables could result in changes in PFB’s funding requirements for the Plan. 
The Plan assets are not immune to market fluctuations and, as a result, PFB may be required to make additional cash 
contributions in future. 

PFB operates group 401K plans for all qualifying employees located in Minnesota, Michigan, Nevada, Ohio and 
Idaho, USA, in which qualifying employees may elect to defer current wages for retirement. PFB has the option to 
match employee contributions to the plans. The assets of the plan are held separately from those of PFB by a trust 
company that is governed by a custodial agreement (ERISA). PFB also utilizes the services of registered investment 
brokers and third party administrators in the fulfilment of its actuarial and fiduciary responsibilities with respect to 
the plans. 

17.16 Human resources 

PFB’s success depends on the abilities, experience, engagement, and succession of its management teams. The loss 
of key employees through either attrition or retirement could adversely impact the Company’s future business and 
financial results. PFB attempts to mitigate these risks by offering competitive compensation and benefits packages, 
training, succession planning, and providing a positive and diverse cultural environment. 

17.17 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Operating Leases 

PFB does not believe it has any off balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current 
or future material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity, other than those disclosed in the 
balance sheet as the available portion of credit facilities. 

17.18 Internal and Disclosure Controls 

Ineffective internal controls over financial reporting or inadequate disclosure controls could result in an increased 
risk of a material misstatement in financial reporting and public disclosures. In accordance with guidelines adopted 
for publicly-traded companies in Canada, PFB assesses the effectiveness of its internal and disclosure controls using 
a top-down, risk-based approach in which both qualitative and quantitative measures are considered. An internal 
control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance 
to management and the Board of Directors regarding the achievement of results. PFB’s current systems of internal 
and disclosure controls places reliance on key personnel across the Company to perform a variety of control 
functions which include performing reviews, analysis, reconciliations and monitoring. The undetected failure of 
individuals performing such functions or implementing controls as designed could adversely impact PFB’s financial 
results. 

17.19 Volatility of Market Share Price 

The market price of PFB’s common shares may be volatile and could be subject to fluctuations in response to 
quarterly variations in financial results, general market conditions and other unpredictable events or factors. 
Consequently, broad market fluctuations or the failure of PFB’s financial results to meet expectations in a particular 
reporting period may adversely affect the market price of its common shares. 

18.  Critical accounting judgements and estimates 

In the application of the Corporation’s accounting policies, as described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements 
for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, management is required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions 
about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on a combination 
of historical experience, available knowledge of current conditions, and other factors that are considered to be reasonable 
and relevant under the circumstances. Actual costs and outcomes may significantly differ from these estimates and 
assumptions.  

23   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are 
recognized in the year in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that year or in the year of the revision 
and future years if the revision affects both current and future years.  

The following are the key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimating uncertainty at the end of 
the reporting year, that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities within the next financial year.    

18.1  Revenue Recognition  

IFRS 15 requires management to make judgments and estimates. Judgement relates to the identification of 
performance obligations in each contract. Some contracts with customers include a bundled set of goods and 
services and judgement is required to determine the goods and services that are distinct performance obligations. 
Judgement is required to determine any level of integration and any interdependency between goods and services 
entered with customers. Allocation of the transaction price to different performance obligations may require 
estimates. In instances where information is incomplete or not available, determination of selling prices include 
market conditions and other observable inputs such as the scope of work and geographic region.  
Judgements and estimates are also required to determine an appropriate measure of progress and pattern of delivery 
when determining how control of promised goods or services transfers to a customer.  

Estimates of incentives or rebates are updated regularly as information becomes available and only to the extent 
that the variable consideration is constrained. 

18.2  Remaining performance obligations 

Many factors may lead to a change during a contract performance period, which can result in a change to contract 
profitability from one financial reporting period to another. Some of the factors that can change the contract 
revenue include differing site conditions, the availability of skilled labour, the performance of subcontractors, 
unusual weather and the accuracy of original contracts. Judgements are required of factors that may impact 
remaining, unsatisfied performance obligations. Estimates are required to determine the aggregate amount of the 
transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, as at the end of 
each reporting period. Judgement is also required to determine the timing of when unsatisfied performance 
obligations will become realized as revenue in future periods. 

18.3  Cash-generating unit (“CGU”) 

Determination of which assets constitutes a CGU is subject to management judgements. Also, the asset 
composition of a CGU can directly impact the recoverability of assets included therein. The recoverable amount of 
a CGU is assessed at the CGU level and is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in 
use. A CGU may be impaired when its carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. Key assumptions used for 
the value in use calculations are set out in Note 17 of the audited consolidated financial statements for the year 
ended December 31, 2019. 

18.4  Impairment of goodwill 

Determining whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the cash-generating unit(s) 
to which goodwill has been allocated. The value in use calculation requires management to estimate the future cash 
flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and determining a suitable discount rate in order to calculate 
present value.  

In the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, no impairment of goodwill was recognized. Notwithstanding, 
reasonable changes in one or more of the variable assumptions or the discount rate used to estimate the present 
value of future cash flows could have a bearing on the valuation outcomes and conclusions. 

18.5  Impairment of tangible and intangible assets 

Determining whether tangible and intangible assets are impaired requires an estimation of the value-in-use of the 
CGUs to which they have been allocated. The value-in-use calculation requires management to estimate the future 
cash flows expected to arise from the CGU and a suitable discount rate to be determined in order to calculate present 
value.  

In the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, no impairment of tangible and intangible assets was recognized. 
Notwithstanding, reasonable changes in one or more of the variable assumptions or the discount rate used to 
estimate the present value of future cash flows could have a bearing on the valuation outcomes and conclusions. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
18.6  Valuation of inventories 

Management reviews the carrying amount of finished goods inventories at the end of each reporting year and the 
recorded amount is adjusted to the lower of cost or net realizable value.  As part of the review, management is 
required to make certain assumptions when determining expected realizable amounts.  

An inventory reserve is maintained for slow-moving raw materials and work-in-progress inventories. The value of 
slow-moving inventories is based on management’s assessment of market conditions for its products as determined 
by historical usage and estimated future demand. Any write-downs in value may be reversed if the circumstances 
which caused them no longer exist. 

18.7  Allowance for doubtful accounts 

Amounts included in allowance for doubtful accounts reflect the lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables. 
Management determines allowances based on best estimates of future expected credit losses, considering historical 
credit loss experience, current economic conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. Significant or 
unanticipated changes in economic conditions could impact the magnitude of future expected credit losses. The 
value of the allowance for doubtful accounts reserve typically tracks the seasonality trend of trade receivables. 
Specific reserves may be created for individual customers in exceptional circumstances. Bad debts are written off 
against the reserve. 

18.8  Income taxes 

The Corporation is subject to income taxes in both Canada and the USA. When preparing current and future tax 
expense at the end of each reporting year, management is required to make certain estimates and assumptions 
regarding the timing of when temporary differences will reverse and tax rates that will be in force at that time. 
Unknown future events and circumstances, such as changes in tax rates and laws, may materially affect the 
assumptions and estimates made from one year to the next and thereby affect the consolidated financial statements. 

18.9  Measurement of retirement benefits 

Post-employment benefits are accounted for on an actuarial basis. The Corporation engages the services of an 
independent actuary to perform valuations of the Corporation’s defined benefits plan and the actuary provides a 
certified opinion thereon. For inclusion in the valuation, management is required to make certain assumptions 
including an appropriate discount rate and the estimated return of plan assets. The estimates are reviewed for 
reasonableness by the actuary. Due to the nature of the assumptions made and used in the valuations, there is the 
potential for fluctuations of a material nature in the value of the defined benefits in future years. 

18.10  Property, plant and equipment 

The Corporation estimates the useful life of property plant and equipment that it owns or is held under a lease. The 
actual useful life of assets and components of assets could vary significantly from the estimated useful lives used in 
determining periodic depreciation expense. Management reviews the useful lives of the assets at least annually to 
ensure that expected and actual lives are as closely aligned. 

18.11  Valuations performed during a business combination 

The Corporation makes judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the quantitative and qualitative valuation 
of business combinations. These may include: estimates of future cash flows and working capital requirements; 
potential acquisition synergies; costs to complete the transaction; the value of contingent consideration; strategic 
direction; management effectiveness, and operating efficiencies. Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed 
in a business combination is estimated based on information available at the date of acquisition and involves 
considerable judgment in determining the fair values assigned to acquired intangible assets, land, property, plant and 
equipment, and other assets, and the liabilities assumed on acquisition. Unknown future events and changes in 
assumptions and estimates may impact future cash flows and materially impact the valuation of each business 
combination. 

18.12  Share-based payment arrangements 

The compensation costs relating to share-based payment arrangements are based on estimates of how many common 
shares will actually vest and be exercised.  

18.13  Leases 

IFRS 16 - Leases, requires management to make judgements and estimates in order to determine the value of the 
right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities. Judgements may relate to the identification of a lease in a contract and 
the determination of the lease term and whether an extension or termination option in a lease will be exercised. 

25   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
Estimates may relate to the lease term, separation of lease and non-lease components and the determination of the 
appropriate discount rates.  

19. Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) 

Effective January 1, 2019 the Corporation adopted new IFRS standard – IFRS 16 - Leases, using the retrospective 
approach by restatement of each prior reporting period presented in accordance with IAS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes 
in Accounting Estimates and Errors. The effect of adoption of the new standard is outlined in more detail in Note 4 of the 
audited consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2019, which also discloses the restated comparative financial 
statements for the impacts of adopting new accounting standard as at January 1, 2018 and for the year ended December 31, 
2018.  

20. Non-IFRS Financial Measures 

The Corporation uses measurements primarily based on IFRS as issued by the IASB and also certain secondary non-IFRS 
measurements.  

The non-IFRS measures used by the Corporation are considered to be useful as complimentary measures in assessing the 
Corporation’s financial performance. Non-IFRS measurements do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS 
and, as such, are unlikely to be comparable in definition to similar measures presented by other companies.  

The definitions of non-IFRS measurements used in this MD&A can be found in the section below: 

Measure 

Definition 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Represents earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted 
EBITDA is an absolute measure of our operating performance and provides an 
indication of the results generated by our business activities prior to how the activities 
are financed, how assets are depreciated and amortized, or how results are taxed. 

Adjusted EBITDA per share  Adjusted EBITDA divided by the basic weighted average number of shares outstanding 

in the period. 

Non-cash working capital 

A financial measure to monitor how much capital we have committed to the day-to-day 
operations of our business. Non-cash working capital represents current assets 
(excluding cash or cash equivalents, restricted cash and income taxes recoverable) less 
current liabilities (excluding income taxes payable, current portions of lease obligations 
and current portion of long-term debt). 

Book value 

Shareholders’ equity divided by the actual number of common shares outstanding as at 
December 31 each year. 

Gross profit margin 

Gross profit divided by sales, expressed as a percentage. 

Operating margin 

Gross profit less selling expenses, administrative expenses and other gains (losses) 
divided by sales. 

Net income margin 

Net income divided by sales. 

Current ratio 

Return on equity 

Current assets divided by current liabilities. 

A financial measure used to assist in analyzing shareholder value. Net income for the 
year divided by opening shareholders’ equity. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the reconciliation of net income to adjusted EBITDA and related per share amounts for the 
years ended December 31: 

Net income 
Add back (deduct): 
Income taxes 
Finance costs 
Investment income 
Depreciation 
Amortization 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Adjusted EBITDA per share 

Applying IFRS 16 

2019 

2018 

Excluding 
IFRS 16 
2017 

$  9,026   

$  6,170   

$  2,281  

3,410 
1,163 
(119) 
4,400 
158 

2,313 
1,281 
(67) 
4,612 
132 

794 
832 
(114) 
3,768 
132 

$  18,038  

$  14,441   

$  7,693     

$  2.68   

$  2.15   

$  1.14   

The following table shows the reconciliation of quarterly net income to quarterly adjusted EBITDA and related per share 
amounts for each of the quarters in 2019 and 2018: 

Net income (loss)  
(As per financial statements)  
Add back (deduct): 

Income taxes (recovery) 
Finance costs 
Investment income 
Depreciation 
Amortization 
Adjusted EBITDA  
Adjusted EBITDA per share  

2019 
    Q4 

2019 
    Q3 

2019 
    Q2 

2019 
    Q1 

2018 
    Q4 

2018 
    Q3 

2018 
    Q2 

2018 
    Q1 

$  3,695    $ 3,442  

$ 3,061 

$ (1,172)    $ 2,077 

$ 3,263 

$ 1,536 

$ (706)     

1,302 
287 
(47) 
1,080 
46 

6,363 

1,254 
288 
(44) 
1,095 
45 

6,080 

906 
293 
(5) 
1,119 
36 

5,410 

(52) 
295 
(23) 
1,106 
31 

185 

751 
300 
(18) 
1,149 
30 

4,289 

1,211 
319 
(4) 
1,145 
31 

5,965 

604 
354 
(13) 
1,150 
35 

3,666 

(254) 
310 
(32) 
1,168 
36 

522 

$  0.95   

$ 0.90  

$ 0.80 

$ 0.03   

$ 0.64  

$ 0.89 

$ 0.55 

$ 0.08 

The results of adjusted EBITDA reflect the adoption of new accounting standards, leases on January 1, 2019. Adjusted 
EBITDA was $6,363 in the three month period ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $2,074 from $4,289 in the 
comparative three-month period of 2018. Adjusted EBITDA for the twelve month period of $18,038 compared to the 
restated adjusted EBITDA of $14,441 in the 2018 comparative year, or an increase of $3,597. As reported in Q1/19, the 
adoption of new lease accounting standard had the impact of slightly decreasing comparative net income and significantly 
increasing deprecation and finance cost, resulting in a favourable impact to the comparative adjusted EBITDA. 

For the year ended December 31, 2019, adjusted EBITDA was $18,038, an increase of $3,597 from $14,441 in 2018. The 
increased adjusted EBITDA is reflective of higher net income from record sales during 2019 from higher volumes and 
lower raw material input costs.    

Robert Graham              Mirko Papuga 
Chief Executive Officer       Chief Financial Officer 
March 12, 2020                March 12, 2020  

27   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
 
Management's Report 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of PFB Corporation and all information included therein is the 
responsibility of the management of the Corporation and has been reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors upon 
recommendation by the Audit Committee.  

Management has prepared the consolidated financial statements based on the information available and in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The 
consolidated financial statements and other financial information have been prepared using the accounting policies described in 
Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements and reflect management’s best estimates and judgments based on available 
information. Financial information presented throughout this report is consistent with data presented in the consolidated 
financial statements. 

PFB Corporation maintains systems of internal controls in order to provide reasonable assurance that the consolidated financial 
statements are accurate and complete in all material respects. These systems include established policies and procedures, the 
selection and training of qualified personnel, and an organization structure providing for appropriate delegation of authority and 
segregation of responsibilities.  

The Board of Directors discharges its duties related to the consolidated financial statements by reviewing and approving 
financial information prepared by management and through the activities of its Audit Committee. The Audit Committee, made 
up of four unrelated and independent directors, meets with management and its responsibilities include reviewing the 
consolidated financial statements. The Audit Committee also meets with the Corporation’s independent auditors to discuss the 
audit approach, and the results of their audit examination prior to recommending approval of the consolidated financial 
statements to the Board of Directors. 

The shareholders’ auditor, Deloitte LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, have audited the consolidated financial 
statements as at and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted 
Auditing Standards. Their independent report outlines the scope of their examination and opinion on the consolidated financial 
statements and is presented herein. 

Robert Graham          Mirko Papuga  
Chief Executive Officer    Chief Financial Officer 
March 12, 2020                March 12, 2020 

Calgary, Alberta            Calgary, Alberta

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              
                                     
 
Independent Auditor’s Report 
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of PFB Corporation  

Opinion 
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of PFB Corporation (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated 
balance sheets as at December 31, 2019 and 2018 and January 1, 2018, and the consolidated statements of income, 
comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and notes to the 
consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies (collectively referred to as the 
“financial statements”). 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the 
Company as at December 31, 2019 and 2018 and January 1, 2018, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the 
years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). 

Basis for Opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards (“Canadian GAAS”). Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial 
Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Canada, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance 
with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. 

Other Information 
Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:  

●  Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
●  The information, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, in the Annual Report.  

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express any form of 
assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other 
information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the 
financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  

We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis prior to the date of this auditor’s report. If, based on the work we have 
performed on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are 
required to report that fact in this auditor’s report. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

The Annual Report is expected to be made available to us after the date of the auditor’s report. If, based on the work we will 
perform on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required 
to report that fact to those charged with governance. 

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial Statements 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and 
for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless 
management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process. 

29   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is 
a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian GAAS will always detect 
a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually 
or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian GAAS, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional 
skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

● 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and 
perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a 
basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting 
from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal 
control. 

●  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in 

the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.  

●  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related 

disclosures made by management. 

●  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit 

evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on 
the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to 
draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s 
report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern. 

●  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether 
the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

●  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within 
the Company to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and 
performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the 
audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements 
regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to 
bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Brian Ralofsky. 

Chartered Professional Accountants 
March 12, 2020 
Calgary, Alberta 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
As at December 31, 2019 and 2018 and January 1 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars  

  Note 

  December 31, 2019  December 31, 2018 

January 1, 2018 

ASSETS 

Current assets  

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash – restricted 
Trade receivables 
Inventories 
Income taxes recoverable 
Prepaid expenses 
Contract costs 
Total current assets 
Non-current assets 

Marketable securities - restricted 
Property, plant and equipment 
Right-of-use assets 
Intangible assets 
Goodwill 
Accrued defined benefit pension plan 
Deferred income tax assets 

Total non-current assets 

Total assets 
LIABILITIES 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 
Contract liabilities 
Income taxes payable 
Long-term debt 
Lease obligations 
Total current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 

Long-term debt 
Lease obligations 
Deferred income tax liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Common shares 
Equity-settled employee benefits reserve 
Accumulated other comprehensive income  
Retained earnings 
Shareholders’ equity 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

 Commitments and contingencies (Note 26). 

9 
9 
10 
11 
7 

12 

21, 24 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
7 

24 
19 
7 
20 
21 

20 
21 
7 

23 

$  20,129  
924 
10,746 
11,598 
- 
469 
487 
44,353 

1,483 
35,030 
7,391 
1,540 
2,275 
304 
327 
48,350 
$  92,703   

$  10,324   
5,943 
1,469 
361 
1,167 
19,264 

7,856 
8,679 
1,260 
17,795 
37,059 

21,012 
1,014 
3,138 
30,480 
55,644 
$  92,703   

$  16,944  
1,347 
13,082 
11,638 
193 
374 
475 
44,053 

1,483 
36,694 
8,305 
1,447 
2,360 
10 
270 
50,569 
$  94,622   

$  10,894   
6,464 
681 
350 
1,122 
19,511 

8,218 
9,487 
1,397 
19,102 
38,613 

20,947 
44 
4,152 
30,866 
56,009 
$  94,622  

$  12,180 
88 
9,809 
9,998 
287 
474 
527 
33,363 

1,239 
37,427 
9,328 
1,405 
2,217 
91 
451 
52,158 
$  85,521 

$  8,737 
5,158 
39 
339 
1,011 
15,284 

8,567 
10,180 
1,249 
19,996 
35,280 

20,947 
- 
2,448 
26,846 
50,241 
$  85,521 

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 Approved by the Board of Directors 

C. Alan Smith                                                 Gordon G. Tallman 
Executive Chairman & Director                           Director 

31   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts 

Sales 
Cost of sales  

Gross profit 
Selling expenses 
Administrative expenses 
Other losses   

Operating income 
Investment income 
Finance costs 

Income before taxes 
Income tax expense 

Net income for the year 

Earnings per share - $ per share 

Basic  
Diluted 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 

Basic   
Diluted 

Note 

11 

2019 

2018 

$  133,232   
(98,404) 

$  128,345   
(99,174) 

34,828 
(12,514) 
(7,742) 
(1,092) 

13,480 
119 
(1,163) 

12,436 
(3,410) 

29,171 
(11,974) 
(7,348) 
(152) 

9,697 
67 
(1,281) 

8,483 
(2,313) 

$  9,026  

$  6,170  

$  1.34   
$  1.31   

$  0.92  
$  0.92 

6,720,859 
6,907,535 

6,716,003 
6,732,470 

6 

7 

8 
8 

8 
8 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   32 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income  
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Net income for the year 

$  9,026   

$  6,170       

Note 

2019 

2018 

Other comprehensive (loss) income: 

Items that may subsequently be reclassified to income: 

Foreign currency translation adjustments 

Exchange differences on translating foreign operations,  
net of tax 

Restricted financial assets  

Unrealized gain on restricted financial assets,  
net of tax 

21, 24 

Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to income: 

Defined benefit pension plan valuation change 

Unrealized gain (loss) on valuation change, net of tax 

(1,180) 

1,665 

- 

(1,180) 

166 

166 

177 

1,842 

(138) 

(138) 

Other comprehensive (loss) income for the year 

Comprehensive income for the year 

(1,014) 

1,704 

$  8,012   

$  7,874         

All comprehensive income in each year is attributable to the shareholders of the Corporation. 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

33   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
As at December 31, 2019 and 2018 and January 1, 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars, except number of shares 

Common shares 

  Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Balances at January 1, 2018 
IFRS 16, impact of change in accounting policy 

Restated balance at January 1, 2018 

Restated net income for the year 

  Restated other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 

Restated total comprehensive income for the year 

Payment of dividends 

Share-based payment 

Number 
of shares 

6,716,003 
- 

Note 

4 

Share 
capital 

$  20,947 
- 

6,716,003 

20,947 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

23 

Restated balance at December 31, 2018 

6,716,003 

20,947 

Net income for the year 

Other comprehensive loss for the year, net of tax 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Payment of dividends 

Share-based payment  

Shares repurchased pursuant to normal course issuer bid 

Shares issued on exercise of stock options 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(50,000) 

25,000 

(157) 

222 

23 

23 

23 

Equity-
settled 
employee 
benefits 
reserve 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
adjustments, 
net of taxes 

Unrealized 
gain on 
financial 
assets,  
net of taxes 

Defined benefit 
pension plan 
valuation 
change,  
net of taxes 

Retained 
earnings 

Total 

$  - 
- 

$  2,151 
- 

$  229 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

44 

44 

- 

- 

- 

- 

990 
- 

(20) 

2,151 

- 
1,665 

1,665 

- 

- 

3,816 

- 

(1,180) 

(1,180) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

229 

- 
177 

177 

- 

- 

406 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

$  68 
- 

$  27,430 
(584) 

$  50,825 
(584) 

68 

26,846 

50,241 

- 
(138) 

(138) 

- 

- 

6,170 
- 

6,170 

6,170 
1,704 

7,874 

(2,150) 

(2,150) 

- 

44 

(70) 

30,866 

56,009 

- 

166 

166 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,026 

9,026 

- 

(1,014) 

9,026 

8,012 

(9,044) 

(9,044) 

- 

(368) 

- 

990 

(525) 

202 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

6,691,003 

$  21,012      $  1,014    

$  2,636   

$  406   

$  96    $  30,480    $  55,644   

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Net income for the year 
Adjustments for:  

Depreciation expense 
Amortization expense 
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Defined benefit pension plan  
Finance costs 
Investment income 
Income tax expense  
Share-based payment expense 
Unrealized foreign exchange losses (gains)  
 Changes in non-cash working capital  

 Unrealized foreign exchange relating to non-cash working capital  

Cash from operating activities, before income taxes  
Income taxes paid, net 

Net cash from operating activities 
CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Decrease (increase) in restricted cash balance 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Purchase of intangible assets 
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment  
Interest received 
Distributions received from marketable securities 

Net cash used in investing activities 
CASH FLOWS USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Repayment of lease obligations 
Changes in long-term debt 
Finance costs  
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 
Payment for buy-back of common shares 
Dividends paid to shareholders 
Net cash used in financing activities 

Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and 

restricted cash held in foreign currencies  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

Note 

2019 

2018 

$  9,026   

$  6,170         

14, 15 
16 
6, 14 

7 

6 
27 

14 
16 

21 
20, 22 

23 

9 

4,400 
158 
11 
(50) 
1,163 
(119) 
3,410 
990 
12 
1,178 
11 
  20,190 
(2,653) 
  17,537 

423 
(1,885) 
(317) 
47 
119 
- 
(1,613) 

(1,157) 
(351) 
(1,163) 
202 
(525) 
(9,044) 
(12,038) 

4,612 
132 
(58) 
(79) 
1,281 
(67) 
2,312 
44 
(56) 
(1,298) 
17 
13,010 
(1,312) 
11,698 

(1,259) 
(1,769) 
(64) 
82 
48 
19 
(2,943) 

(1,025) 
(338) 
(1,281) 
- 
- 
(2,150) 
(4,794) 

(701) 
3,185 
16,944 
$  20,129   

803 
4,764 
12,180 
$  16,944      

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

35   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

1.  General information 

P PFB Corporation (“PFB” or the “Corporation”) is a Canadian public company incorporated under the Alberta Business 
Corporations Act and has its head office in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Corporation’s corporate office is located at 300, 
2891 Sunridge Way NE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T1Y 7K7. The Corporation’s shares are publicly traded on the Toronto 
Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol PFB. The principal business activity of the Corporation is manufacturing 
insulating building products made from expanded polystyrene materials and marketing these products in North America.  

The Corporation’s wholly-owned subsidiaries operate manufacturing facilities and sales operations in the provinces of 
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario in Canada, and in the States of Nevada, Minnesota, 
Michigan, Idaho and Ohio, USA.  

2.  Significant accounting policies 

2.1 

Statement of compliance 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (“IFRS”).  

2.2  Basis of preparation 

The consolidated financial statements were prepared on a historical cost basis except for certain financial 
instruments and contingencies which are valued at fair value through profit or loss. Historical cost is generally 
based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets. 

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently in the preparation of the consolidated financial 
statements for all years presented. 

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year. 

Sales of the Corporation’s products are driven by consumer and industrial demand for insulation and building 
products. The timing of customers’ construction projects can be influenced by a number of factors including the 
prevailing economic climate and weather. Seasonality of construction results in demand for the Corporation’s 
products to be typically stronger in the second and third quarters and less strong in the first and fourth quarters of its 
fiscal cycle. 

2.3  Basis of consolidation 

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Corporation has control. The Corporation controls an entity when it is 
exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those 
returns through its power over the entity. The consolidated financial statements incorporate the accounts of the 
Corporation and its subsidiaries (entities controlled by the Corporation). All subsidiaries are wholly-owned by the 
Corporation (Note 29). 

All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full on consolidation.   

2.4  Revenue Recognition 

The Corporation enters into contracts to supply various goods, services or combinations of goods and services, 
which are capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized 
when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with customer are satisfied; generally this occurs with 
the transfer of control of products or services. Control transfers to customers upon shipment or delivery of goods to 
the destination and upon completion of services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the 
Corporation expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Revenue is reduced for 
variable consideration attributable to customer returns, customer rebates and similar allowances. Sales, excise, and 
other taxes are excluded from revenue.  

2.4.1  Manufactured goods 

Revenue from contracts to provide manufactured goods is recognized at the transfer of control, which occurs 
upon shipment or delivery, in accordance with the terms of the contract. When contracts contain multiple 
performance obligations, the Corporation allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation 
identified in the contract. Revenue is recognized when each performance obligation is achieved.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   36 

 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

A portion of the Corporation’s sales take place on a consignment basis, where the Corporation will deliver 
inventory to customer locations that has not yet been purchased. The revenue from these sales is recognized 
when the customer purchases the inventory. 

2.4.2  Rendering of services 

Revenue from the rendering of services includes design, advisory and installation services. Revenue from 
contracts to provide services is recognized when or as the services are provided in accordance with the 
performance obligations of the contract. The method to measure progress towards complete satisfaction of 
performance obligations over time is determined using the output method. When contracts include a 
combination of services, the Corporation allocates the transaction price to each service performance 
obligation and revenue is recognized as each distinct performance obligation is delivered. 

2.4.3  Freight  

Freight services beyond normal freight terms incur charges that are recognized as freight revenues. 

2.4.4  Construction contracts 

Construction contracts include performance obligations for the construction of an asset or to supply a 
bundled combination of products and services, such as full design build services and the Total Home 
Solution®.  As performance obligations are achieved, revenue is recognized over time or at a point in time, 
depending on the nature of the performance obligation. The method to measure progress towards complete 
satisfaction of performance obligations over time is determined using the output method. Performance 
obligations are satisfied at a point in time upon shipment or delivery of goods.  

When acting as principal for design, advisory, installation, engineering or other work, the Corporation 
recognizes revenue on a gross basis. 

When total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed the total estimated revenue to be earned, a provision for 
the entire loss on the contract is recognized in the period the loss is determined.  

Contract modifications that occur are accounted for as if they were part of the existing contract and are 
recognized as a cumulative adjustment to revenue. 

2.4.5  Other revenue types 

Revenue from the sale of other goods or services not listed above is generally ancillary and is recognized 
when control is transferred, typically on the delivery of the product or service to the customer. These 
revenues include the sale of scrap material, digital media subscriptions and other revenue types.   

2.4.6  Contract costs 

Costs the Corporation would not have incurred if a contract had not been obtained and expected to be 
recovered, are included in other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet as contract costs. Contract 
costs are reduced over the life of a contract in proportion to the completion of those performance obligations.   

2.4.7  Contract liabilities 

Contract liabilities include cash consideration received as a deposit at the beginning of certain contracts. 
Contract liabilities are reduced as performance obligations are achieved. The Corporation has determined 
there are no significant financing components with customers.   

Contract liabilities also include variable consideration for customer volume rebates and are accounted for 
using the ‘most likely amount’ method. Retrospective price reductions are applied when a customer 
purchases specified quantities of manufactured goods.  

The operating cycle, or duration, of some construction contracts may exceed an annual year. All contract 
liabilities are classified as current as they are expected to be realized or satisfied within the normal operating 
cycle of the contract.  

Refer to Note 12 – Contract costs, Note 19 – Contract liabilities and Note 13 – Remaining performance 
obligations, for further information. 

37   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

2.4.8  Investment income  

Dividend income from investments is recognized when the Corporation’s right to receive payment has been 
established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Corporation and the 
amount of income can be measured reliably).  

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow 
to the Corporation and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time 
basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate 
that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that 
asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition. 

2.5  Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid 
investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. 

Restricted cash comprises cash collected from certain customers of the USA segment which is contractually 
segregated from other cash as it is held solely for disbursements to suppliers and service providers specific to those 
customer’s contracts. 

2.6  Inventories 

Inventories, which comprise raw materials and supplies, work-in-progress and finished products, are stated at the 
lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are predominantly determined using the weighted average 
cost method and includes the cost of purchase, the cost of conversion (labour and overhead) and other costs required 
to bring the inventories to their present location and condition. Some customized work-in-progress and finished 
product inventories are held at actual cost using the First-in, First-out (“FIFO”) method and are segregated by 
customer job number. Inventories which have costs determined using the FIFO method represent a small portion of 
the Corporation’s inventories on hand at any point in time and such inventories turn frequently. Net realizable value 
represents the estimated selling price for inventories, less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to 
make the sale. The cost of work-in-process and finished product inventories includes the cost of materials, the cost of 
direct labour, and a systematic allocation of manufacturing overheads based on a normal range of capacity for each 
production facility. 

Inventories are written down to net realizable value when the cost of inventories is estimated to be unrecoverable due 
to obsolescence, damage or declining selling prices. When circumstances that previously caused inventories to be 
written down below cost no longer exist or when there is clear evidence of an increase in selling prices, the amount of 
write-down previously recorded is reversed. 

2.7  Property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) 

PP&E are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. The cost includes expenditures 
directly attributable to the acquisition of the property, plant and equipment. Assets acquired under leases are 
recognized at an amount equal to fair value or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments, less 
accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. Gains and losses, determined as the difference between net 
sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, arising on the disposal of individual assets are recognized in 
earnings in the year of disposal. 

PP&E in the course of construction for production are carried at cost, less any recognized impairment loss. Such 
properties are classified to the appropriate categories of PP&E when completed and ready for intended use. 

Depreciation commences when the assets are available for use and is recognized on a straight-line basis to depreciate 
the capitalized cost of assets to their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives. When significant 
parts of an asset have different expected useful lives, they are accounted for as separate components of the asset and 
depreciated over their estimated useful lives and depreciation method when practical. Freehold land is not 
depreciated.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Asset class: 
Freehold land 
Buildings 
Plant and equipment 
Assets under construction 

Useful life: 
Unlimited useful life, not depreciated 
15 to 40 years 
3 to 20 years 
Depreciation commences when the asset is constructed and placed in use 

An item of PP&E is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the 
continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognizing an item of PP&E is measured as the difference 
between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in profit or loss. 

PP&E is reviewed quarterly to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. Depreciation methods, 
useful lives, and residual values are reviewed at least annually and adjusted as appropriate.  

2.8  Leases and right-of-use assets 

The Corporation recognizes a right-of-use asset and the corresponding lease obligation at the lease commencement 
date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability 
adjusted for any lease prepayments less any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is subsequently 
depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term. 

The lease obligation is initially measured at the present value of the minimum lease payments discounted using the 
rate implicit in the lease when readily available, otherwise Corporation’s incremental borrowing rate. Interest 
expense is recognized on the lease obligation using the effective interest rate method and payments are applied 
against the lease obligation.  

The Corporation expenses the lease payments associated with short-term leases of duration of less than twelve months and 
leases of low-value assets. 

Right-of-use asset is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the 
continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognizing an item of  the right-of-use asset is measured as 
the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset and is recognized in 
profit or loss. 

Right-of-use assets are reviewed quarterly to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. Depreciation 
methods, useful lives, and residual values are reviewed at least annually and adjusted as appropriate. 

2.9  Intangible assets 

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization 
and any accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated 
useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting year and the 
effect of any changes in estimates is accounted for on a prospective basis. A summary of estimated useful life by 
asset class is as follows: 

Class: 

Useful life: 

Patents 
Product development costs 
Software 
Registered trade names 
Order backlog 
Non-compete agreements 

17 years 
3 years 
3 to 5 years 
Indefinite life – not amortized 
Lives of individual contracts (max. 3 years) 
1 to 1.5 years 

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated 
impairment losses and the carrying amounts are tested for impairment at least annually or whenever there is an 
indication that an asset may be impaired. In the case of impairment, the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated 
in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any (Note 2.11). 

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognized separately from goodwill are initially recognized 
at their fair value at the acquisition date, which is considered to be the asset’s deemed cost. Subsequent to their initial 

39   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortization 
and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately. 

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from use. Any gain 
or loss arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal 
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized. 

2.10  Goodwill 

Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the 
business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Goodwill is not amortized. 

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Corporation’s cash-generating units 
(“CGU”) that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.  

A CGU to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an 
indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, the 
impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the 
other assets of the unit, pro-rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for 
goodwill is recognized directly in the consolidated statement of income. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill 
is not reversed in subsequent years. 

2.11  Impairment of tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill 

At the end of each reporting year, the Corporation reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets 
to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication 
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if 
any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Corporation estimates the 
recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of 
allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they 
are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can 
be identified.  

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment 
at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.  

The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, 
the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market 
assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows 
have not been adjusted. The process of determining cash flows requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions which include forecasted future sales, earnings, capital investment, and discount rates. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the 
carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is 
recognized immediately in profit or loss. 

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is 
increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed 
the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset or cash-
generating unit in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.  

2.12  Foreign currency translation 

The Corporation’s primary economic environment in which it operates its businesses is Canada. The consolidated 
financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the Corporation’s functional and presentation 
currency.  

At the end of each reporting year, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at exchange 
rates prevailing at that date. Gains and losses arising from this retranslation are included in profit or loss in the year in 
which they arise. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at their historical cost in a foreign currency 
are not retranslated. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   40 

 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

The Corporation’s subsidiaries located in the United States have a functional currency of U.S. dollars. The assets and 
liabilities of the Corporation’s foreign operations are translated into Canadian dollars using exchange rates prevailing 
at the end of each reporting year. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates applicable to 
the years when recorded. Equity balance sheet amounts denominated in U.S. dollars are translated using historical 
exchange rates. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated 
in equity.  

Goodwill and fair value adjustments on identifiable assets and liabilities assumed through acquisition of a foreign 
operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the rate of exchange prevailing 
at the end of each reporting year. Exchange differences arising are recognized in other comprehensive income.  

2.13  Provisions  

Provisions are recognized when the Corporation has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past 
event, it is probable that the Corporation will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made 
of the amount of the obligation.  

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation 
at the end of the reporting year, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a 
provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the 
present value of those cash flows (where the effect of the time value of money is material).  

The Corporation’s provisions are not significant and are included in trade and other payables. 

2.14  Financial instruments 

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value when the Corporation or a subsidiary of 
the Corporation becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument (Note 24).  

Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities 
(other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from 
the fair value of the financial asset or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs that 
are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through 
profit or loss are recognized immediately in profit or loss. 

2.15  Financial assets 

Financial assets are classified and measured based on three categories: (i) assets at amortized cost; (ii) fair value 
through profit or loss (“FVTPL”); or (iii) fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”). The 
classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at the time of initial 
recognition. 

Financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Upon initial recognition, the Corporation classifies its financial 
assets as subsequently measured at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on its business model for managing 
the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets. Financial assets are not 
reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if in the period the Corporation changes its business model 
for managing financial assets.  

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as 
FVTPL:  

(i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and  

(ii) The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of    

principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.  

2.15.1 Impairment of financial assets 

The Corporation uses the “expected credit loss” model for calculating impairment and recognizes expected 
credit losses as a loss allowance for assets measured at amortized cost. The Corporation’s trade and other 
receivables are typically short-term with payments received within a twelve month period and do not have a 
significant financing component, therefore the Corporation recognizes an amount equal to the lifetime 
expected credit losses based on the Corporation’s historical experience. The carrying amount of these assets is 
net of any loss allowance. 

41   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

2.16  Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at either fair value or amortized 
cost. The Corporation’s financial liabilities are classified as ‘financial liabilities at amortized cost’ and include any 
borrowings and trade and other payables and are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest 
method. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of 
allocating interest expense over the relevant year. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts 
estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability. The Corporation does not hold any 
financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss.  

2.17  Taxation 

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable, deferred tax and prior year adjustments. 

2.17.1 Current tax 

The tax currently payable is based on taxable income for the year. Taxable income differs from ‘income 
before tax’ as reported in the consolidated statements of income because of items of income and expense that 
are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Corporation’s 
current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the 
reporting year.  

2.17.2 Deferred tax 

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in 
the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable 
income. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax 
assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that 
taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such 
deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from the initial 
recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither 
the taxable income nor the accounting income. In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if the 
temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill. 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting year and reduced to the 
extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable income will be available to allow all or part of the 
deferred tax assets to be recovered.  

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year in which 
the liability is settled or the asset is realized, based on tax rates that have been enacted or substantively 
enacted by the end of the reporting year. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax 
consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Corporation expects, at the end of the reporting 
year, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.  

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same 
taxation authority and the Corporation has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends to settle its current 
tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

2.17.3 Current and deferred tax for the year 

Current, deferred and prior period tax adjustments are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to 
items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current, 
deferred and prior year tax adjustments are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in 
equity, respectively.  

2.18  Employee retirement benefit plan 

The Corporation has a defined benefit plan (the “Plan”) providing pension benefits to certain eligible employees who 
are members of a union which is their certified bargaining agent. The Plan is registered with the Financial Services 
Commission of Ontario and with the Canada Revenue Agency and is funded in accordance with applicable 
legislation. Commencing April 1, 2012, the defined benefit plan was closed to all new hires. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   42 

 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

The cost of providing benefits under the Plan is determined using the projected unit credit method prorated based on 
service, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, 
comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling, and the return on plan assets 
(excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the consolidated balance sheet with a charge or credit recognized in 
other comprehensive income in the year in which they occur. Re-measurement recognized in other comprehensive 
income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is 
recognized in profit or loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate 
at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorized as 
follows: 

  Service cost (including current and past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and 

settlements); 

  Net interest expense or income; and 
  Re-measurement. 
The Corporation presents service costs in the consolidated statements of income in the line item cost of sales. 

The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the consolidated balance sheets represents the actual deficit or surplus 
in the Corporation’s defined benefit plan.  

2.19  Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing profit attributable to common shareholders of the Corporation by 
the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year.  

The Corporation uses the treasury stock method of calculating diluted earnings per common share. The treasury stock 
method is used to compute the dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and similar instruments. Under this method, 
the exercise of stock options is assumed to have occurred at the beginning of the year and the related common shares 
are assumed issued at that time. The proceeds from exercise are assumed to have purchased common shares of the 
Corporation for cancellation at the average market value price during the year. The incremental shares (the difference 
between the number of shares assumed issued and the number of shares assumed purchased) are included in the 
denominator of the diluted earnings per common share calculation. Diluted earnings per common share exclude all 
potential dilutive common shares where the effect is anti-dilutive. 

2.20  Share-based payment arrangements 

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair 
value of the equity instruments at the grant date.  

The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the 
Corporation’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.  

At the end of each reporting year, the Corporation revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected 
to vest. The impact of any revision to the original estimates, if any, is recognized in profit or loss such that the 
cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee 
benefits reserve.  

3.  Critical accounting judgments and estimates 

In the application of the Corporation’s accounting policies, as described in Note 2, management is required to make 
judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. The estimates and associated 
assumptions are based on a combination of historical experience, available knowledge of current conditions, and other 
factors that are considered to be reasonable and relevant under the circumstances. Actual costs and outcomes may 
significantly differ from these estimates and assumptions.  

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are 
recognized in the year in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that year or in the year of the revision 
and future years if the revision affects both current and future years.  

The following are the key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimating uncertainty at the end of 
the reporting year, that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities within the next financial year.   

43   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

3.1  Revenue recognition 

IFRS 15 requires management to make judgments and estimates. Judgement relates to the identification of 
performance obligations in each contract. Some contracts with customers include a bundled set of goods and services 
and judgement is required to determine the goods and services that are distinct performance obligations. Judgement 
is required to determine any level of integration and any interdependency between goods and services entered with 
customers. Allocation of the transaction price to different performance obligations may require estimates. In 
instances where information is incomplete or not available, determination of selling prices include market conditions 
and other observable inputs such as the scope of work and geographic region.  

Judgements and estimates are also required to determine an appropriate measure of progress and pattern of delivery 
when determining how control of promised goods or services transfers to a customer.  

Estimates of incentives or rebates are updated regularly as information becomes available and only to the extent that 
the variable consideration is constrained.  

3.2  Remaining performance obligations 

Many factors may lead to a change during a contract performance period, which can result in a change to contract 
profitability from one financial reporting period to another. Some of the factors that can change the contract revenue 
include differing site conditions, the availability of skilled labour, the performance of subcontractors, unusual 
weather and the accuracy of original contracts. Judgements are required of factors that may impact remaining, 
unsatisfied performance obligations. Estimates are required to determine the aggregate amount of the transaction 
price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, as at the end of each reporting 
period. Judgement is also required to determine the timing of when unsatisfied performance obligations will become 
realized as revenue in future periods. 

3.3  Cash-generating unit (“CGU”) 

Determination of which assets constitute a CGU is subject to management judgments. Also, the asset composition of 
a CGU can directly impact the recoverability of assets included therein. The recoverable amount of a CGU is 
assessed at the CGU level and is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. A 
CGU may be impaired when its carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. Key assumptions used for the value 
in use calculations are set out in Note 17.  

3.4  Impairment of goodwill 

Determining whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the CGUs to which goodwill 
has been allocated. The value in use calculation requires management to estimate the future cash flows expected to 
arise from the CGU and determine a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value.  

3.5  Impairment of tangible and intangible assets 

Determining whether tangible and intangible assets are impaired requires an estimation of the value-in-use of the 
CGUs to which they have been allocated. The value in use calculation requires management to estimate the future 
cash flows expected to arise from the CGU and a suitable discount rate to be determined in order to calculate present 
value.  

3.6  Valuation of inventories 

Management reviews the carrying amount of finished goods inventories at the end of each reporting year and the 
recorded amount is adjusted to the lower of cost or net realizable value. As part of the review, management is 
required to make certain assumptions when determining expected realizable amounts.  

An inventory reserve is maintained for slow-moving raw materials and work-in-progress inventories. The value of 
slow-moving inventories is based on management’s assessment of market conditions for its products as determined 
by historical usage and estimated future demand. Any write downs in value may be reversed if the circumstances 
which caused them no longer exist. 

3.7  Allowance for doubtful accounts  

Amounts included in allowance for doubtful accounts reflect the lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables. 
Management determines allowances based on best estimates of future expected credit losses, considering historical 
credit loss experience, current economic conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. Significant or 
unanticipated changes in economic conditions could impact the magnitude of future expected credit losses. The value  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   44 

 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

of the allowance for doubtful accounts reserve typically tracks the seasonality trend of trade receivables. Specific 
reserves may be created for individual customers in exceptional circumstances. Bad debts are written off against the 
reserve. 

3.8  Income taxes 

The Corporation is subject to income taxes in both Canada and the USA. When preparing current and deferred tax 
expense at the end of each reporting year, management is required to make certain estimates and assumptions 
regarding the timing of when temporary differences will reverse and tax rates that will be in force at that time. 
Unknown future events and circumstances, such as changes in tax rates and laws, may materially affect the 
assumptions and estimates made from one year to the next and thereby affect the consolidated financial statements.  

3.9  Measurement of retirement benefits 

Post-employment benefits are accounted for on an actuarial basis. The Corporation engages the services of an 
independent actuary to perform valuations of the Corporation’s defined benefits plan and the actuary provides a 
certified opinion thereon. For inclusion in the valuation, management is required to make certain assumptions 
including an appropriate discount rate and the estimated return of plan assets. The estimates are reviewed for 
reasonableness by the actuary. Due to the nature of the assumptions made and used in the valuations, there is the 
potential for fluctuations of a material nature in the value of the defined benefits in future years. 

3.10  Property plant and equipment 

The Corporation estimates the useful life of property, plant and equipment that it owns or is held under a lease. The 
actual useful life of assets and components of assets could vary significantly from the estimated useful lives used in 
determining periodic depreciation expense. Management reviews the useful lives of the assets at least annually to 
ensure that expected and actual lives are closely aligned. 
3.11  Valuations performed during a business combination 

The Corporation makes judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the quantitative and qualitative valuation of 
business combinations. These may include: estimates of future cash flows and working capital requirements; 
potential acquisition synergies; costs to complete the transaction; the value of contingent consideration; strategic 
direction; management effectiveness, and operating efficiencies. Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed 
in a business combination is estimated based on information available at the date of acquisition and involves 
considerable judgment in determining the fair values assigned to acquired intangible assets, land, property, plant and 
equipment, and other assets, and the liabilities assumed on acquisition. Unknown future events and changes in 
assumptions and estimates may impact future cash flows and materially impact the valuation of each business 
combination.  

3.12  Share-based payment arrangements 

The compensation costs relating to share-based payment arrangements are based on estimates of how many common 
shares will actually vest and be exercised.   

3.13  Leases 

IFRS 16 - Leases, requires management to make judgements and estimates in order to determine the value of the 
right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities. Judgements may relate to the identification of a lease in a contract and the 
determination of the lease term and whether an extension or termination option in a lease will be exercised. 

Estimates may relate to the lease term, separation of lease and non-lease components and the determination of the 
appropriate discount rates. 

4.  Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) 

The Corporation has adopted the following accounting standards effective for annual periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2019:  

  IFRS 16 - Leases  

The Corporation applied IFRS 16 - Leases, using the retrospective approach by restatement of each prior reporting 
period presented in accordance with IAS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. 

45   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Under IFRS 16 - Leases, at inception of a contract, the Corporation assesses whether a contract is a lease or 
contains a lease. A contract is a lease or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an 
identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to 
control the use of an identified asset, the Corporation considers the following: 

•  The Corporation has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits; and 

•  The Corporation has the right to direct the use of the identified asset. 

The Corporation recognizes a right-of-use asset and the corresponding lease obligation at the lease commencement 
date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability 
adjusted for any lease prepayments less any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is subsequently 
depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term. 

The finance lease obligation is initially measured at the date of the transition as the present value of the remaining 
lease payments discounted using the rate implicit in the lease when readily available, otherwise Corporation’s 
incremental borrowing rate. 

The Corporation recorded a right-of-use asset for certain property and other leases, and a corresponding lease 
obligation. The previously recorded rent and operating lease expense will now be included in the Statement of 
Income (Loss) as depreciation and finance costs. As at January 1, 2019, the Corporation recognized right-of-use 
assets in the amount of $6,656, net of accumulated depreciation, and an additional lease liability of $7,958 upon 
initial adoption using the retrospective approach.     

On transition to IFRS 16 - Leases, the Corporation elected not to separate non-lease components from lease 
components for vehicles, truck and trailers and office equipment, and instead account for each lease component and 
any associated non-lease component as a single lease component. The Corporation has also elected not to recognize 
right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases with duration of less than twelve months and leases of low-
value assets. The Corporation expenses the lease payments associated with these leases over the lease term. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Impacts to previously reported results 

Select adjusted financial statement information, which reflects the adoption of IFRS 16 - Leases, is presented below. 
Line items that were not affected have not been included. As a result, the sub-totals and totals disclosed cannot be 
recalculated from the numbers provided. The following tables present the impact of adoption to IFRS 16 - Leases, 
on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements. 

Balance Sheets 
ASSETS 

Non-current assets 

Property, plant and equipment 
Right-of-use assets 
Deferred income tax assets 

LIABILITIES 

Current Liabilities 

Lease obligations 
Non-current liabilities 

As at January 1, 2018 
Effect of  
As 
IFRS 16  Adjusted 
reported 

As at December 31, 2018 
Effect of  
IFRS 16  Adjusted 

As 
reported 

$  40,099 
- 
357 
$  40,456 

$  (2,672)  $  37,427 
9,328 
451 
$  6,750  $  47,206 

9,328 
94 

  $  39,209 
- 
270 
  $  39,479 

$  (2,515)  $  36,694 
8,305 
270 
$  5,790  $  45,269 

8,305 
- 

$  249 

$  762 

$  1,011 

$  255 

$  867 

$  1,122 

Lease obligations 
Deferred operating lease obligations 
Deferred income tax liabilities 

2,983 
506 
1,368 
4,857 

7,197 
(506) 
(119) 
6,572 

10,180 
- 
1,249 
11,429 

2,984 
719 
1,631 
5,334 

6,503 
(719) 
(234) 
5,550 

9,487 
- 
1,397 
10,884 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

Accumulated other comprehensive 

income 

Retained earnings 

2,448 
27,430 
29,878 
$  34,984 

- 
(584) 
(584) 

2,448 
26,846 
29,294 
$  6,750  $  41,734 

4,176 
31,469 
35,645 
  $  41,234  

(24) 
(603) 
(627) 

4,152 
30,866 
35,018 
$  5,790   $  47,024 

Income Statement  
Sales 
Cost of sales  
Gross profit 
Selling expenses 
Administrative expenses 
Other losses 
Operating income 
Investment income 
Finance costs 
Income before taxes 
Income taxes expense 
Income for the year 

47   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

For the year ended December 31, 2018 

As reported 
$  128,345 
(99,544) 
28,801 
(11,985) 
(7,452) 
(152) 
9,212 
67 
(766) 
8,513 
(2,324) 
$  6,189 

Effect of  
IFRS 16 
$  - 
370 
370 
11 
104 
- 
485 
- 
(515) 
(30) 
11 
$  (19) 

Adjusted 
$  128,345 
(99,174) 
29,171 
(11,974) 
(7,348) 
(152) 
9,697 
67 
(1,281) 
8,483 
(2,313) 
$  6,170 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Net income for the year 
Other comprehensive income: 
Items that may subsequently be reclassified to income: 

Exchange differences on translating foreign operations, net 
Unrealized gain on restricted financial assets, net 

Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to income: 

Unrealized loss on valuation change, net 
Other comprehensive income for the year 
Comprehensive income for the year 

Earnings per share - $ per share 

Basic  
Diluted  

Statement of Cash Flows 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Net income for the year 
Adjustments for:  

Depreciation expense 
Amortization expense 
Gain on disposal of assets  
Defined benefit pension plan 
Finance costs  
Investment income 
Income tax expense 
Share-based payment expense 
Unrealized foreign exchange gain 
Changes in non-cash working capital 
Changes in deferred operating lease obligations  
Unrealized foreign exchange loss relating to non-cash working 

capital 

Cash from operating activities, before income taxes 
    Income taxes paid, net 

Net cash from operating activities 
CASH FLOWS USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES 
Repayment of lease obligations 
Changes in long-term debt 
Changes in bank indebtedness, net 
Finance costs  
Dividends paid to shareholders 
Net cash used in financing activities 

For the year ended December 31, 2018 

As reported 

Effect of  
IFRS 16 

Adjusted 

$  6,189 

$  (19) 

$  6,170 

  1,689 
177 

  (24) 
- 

  1,665 
177 

(138) 
1,728 
$  7,917 

- 
(24) 
$  (43) 

(138) 
1,704 
$  7,874 

$  0.92 
$  0.92 

$  - 
$  - 

$  0.92 
$  0.92 

For the year ended December 31, 2018 

As reported 

Effect of  
IFRS 16 

Adjusted 

$  6,189 

$  (19) 

$  6,170 

3,634 
132 
(58) 
(79) 
766 
(67) 
2,324 
44 
(69) 
(1,298) 
214 
214 
17 
11,749 
(1,312) 
10,437 

978 
- 
- 
- 
515 
- 
(12) 
- 
13 
- 
(214) 
(214) 
- 
1,261 
- 
1,261 

4,612 
132 
(58) 
(79) 
1,281 
(67) 
2,312 
44 
(56) 
(1,298) 
- 
- 
17 
13,010 
(1,312) 
11,698 

(279) 
(338) 
- 
(766) 
(2,150) 
$  (3,533) 

(746) 
- 
- 
(515) 
- 
$  (1,261) 

(1,025) 
(338) 
- 
(1,281) 
(2,150) 
$  (4,794) 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

5.  Segment information 

The Corporation operates individual legal entities in Canada and the USA which are reported as operating segments and 
revenue is reported in accordance with that segmentation.  

The Corporation has two reportable operating segments, Canada and the USA, and each segment applies the same 
accounting policies (Note 2), internal controls and reporting systems. Segments are based on the way management 
organizes the operations. Segments are identified and managed by the geographic and regulatory environment they operate 
within because they require compliance with different regulations. Segment performance predominantly focuses on 
operating results and the manner in which resources are allocated based on Canadian and USA operations, respectively. 

The chief operating decision maker evaluates performance on the basis of operating income or loss, as reported on a 
periodic basis. This performance measure is considered to be the most relevant in evaluating the results of each operating 
segment. 

5.1  Segment sales and operating income 

Segment sales represent sales revenues directly attributable to each segment. Inter-segment sales have been 
eliminated. There are varying levels of integration between each segment. 

The Corporation operates individual legal entities in Canada and the USA which are reported as operating segments 
and revenue is reported in accordance with that segmentation.  

The Canadian segment primarily derives its revenues from the sale of expanded polystyrene (“EPS”) foam products, 
which it manufactures at its facilities in Canada. The USA segment primarily derives its revenues from the sale of 
EPS foam products, customized log and timber structures made at its facilities in the United States which typically 
include design and installation services that together provide the basis for a bundled sale of its manufactured products. 

Segment operating income represents the income as reported by each segment excluding any allocations for corporate 
income or expenses and foreign exchange gains or losses arising on inter-segment settlements. 

Prior year segment information has been restated for the application of IFRS 16 – Leases; see Note 4. 

Information regarding each reportable operating segment for years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are set out 
below: 

Canada 
USA 

Total for segments 

Sales revenues 
2019 

2018 

Operating income 

2019 

2018 

$  78,152   
55,080 

$  78,346        
49,999 

$  7,831   
5,973 

$  5,009         
4,105 

$  133,232  

$  128,345         

13,804 

9,114 

Corporate – (loss) income  
Foreign exchange gain (loss) on inter-segment settlements 

Consolidated operating income 

5.2  Segment assets and liabilities 

(330) 
6 

585 
(2) 

$  13,480 

$  9,697        

Management measures capital employed using net segmented assets. The location of the capital assets and liabilities 
determines the geographic areas. The reconciliation of segmented assets and segmented liabilities in relation to total 
consolidated assets and liabilities is set out in the table below: 

49   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Assets 

Segment assets 
Assets not allocated to segments: 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Restricted marketable securities 
Freehold land and buildings 
Corporate taxes1  

Total assets 

Liabilities 

Segment liabilities 
Liabilities not allocated to segments: 

Lease obligations 
Long-term debt 

Total liabilities 

Net segment assets 

Canada 
USA 

1 Deferred taxes. 

5.3  Other segment information 

Additions to non-current assets: 

Canada 
USA 
Corporate 

Total 

Additions to right-of-use assets: 

Canada 
USA 

Total 

Depreciation and amortization: 

Canada 

USA 
Corporate 

Total 

Inter-segment sales 

 2019  

2018 

$  49,198   

$  53,156      

20,129 
1,483 
21,567 
326 

16,944 
1,483 
22,750 
289 

$  92,703   

$  94,622        

$  18,996  

$  19,436   

9,846 
8,217 

10,609 
8,568 

$  37,059   

$  38,613   

$  22,889   
7,313 

$  25,341   
8,379 

2019 

2018 

$  1,172   
917 
113 

$  795   
1,007 
31 

$  2,202   

$  1,833   

$  351 
126 

$ 477 

$  269 
28 

$  297 

$  2,526   

$  2,752   

973 
1,059 

919 
1,073 

$  4,558    

$  4,744   

$  8,202   

$  7,052   

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   50 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

6  Other losses  

Unrealized foreign exchange (losses) gains  
Realized foreign exchange losses 
(Loss) gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment  
Share-based payment expense 

7  Income taxes 

7.1  Income taxes recognized in the year 

Current tax expense 
Deferred tax (recovery) expense  

Income tax expense  

2019 

$  (12) 
(79) 
(11) 
(990) 

2018 

$  69  
(235) 
58 
(44) 

$  (1,092)   

$  (152)  

2019 

2018 

$  3,661   
(251) 

$  2,027   
286 

$  3,410   

$  2,313   

In the year ended December 31, 2019, deferred income tax expense of $78 (2018 - $44) was recognized directly in 
other comprehensive income. 

The income tax expense can be reconciled to the accounting income as follows: 

Income before taxes 

2019 

$  12,436    

2018 
$  8,483        

Income tax expense calculated at 26.9% (2018 – 27.4%)  

$  3,345   

$  2,322   

Effect of different tax rates of subsidiaries operating in other jurisdictions 
Enacted rate changes 

Expenses not deductible in determining taxable income 

Prior period adjustments and reassessments 
Other 

Income tax expense  

(102) 
(88) 

306 
(63) 
12 

(90) 

- 

57 
19 
5 

$  3,410     

$  2,313       

The statutory tax rate in the table above is the combined USA and Canadian federal and blended provincial and state 
corporate income tax rate of approximately 26.9% (2018 – 27.4%).  

 7.2  Current tax assets and liabilities 

Current tax assets 

Income taxes recoverable 

Current tax liabilities 

Income taxes payable 

51   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

As at  
Dec 31, 2019 

As at  
Dec 31, 2018 

$  -     

$  193    

1,469 

681 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

7.3  Deferred tax balances 

The Corporation is subject to tax in multiple jurisdictions and deferred tax assets and liabilities arising in different 
jurisdictions cannot be netted against each other. The analysis of deferred tax assets and liabilities presented in the 
consolidated balance sheets is as follows: 

Deferred tax assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Land 

Other 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Property, plant and equipment 

Intangible assets 

Other 

Reserves 

Lease items 

Non-capital tax losses carried forward 

8  Earnings per share 

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share: 

Net income for the year 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic 

Effect of: 

Dilutive stock options 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted 

Earnings per share: 
Basic 
Diluted 

9  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash held with banks  

Short-term investments 

As at  
Dec 31, 2019 

As at  
Dec 31, 2018 

$  588  

(97) 

(164) 

$  327   

$  570 

(112) 

(188) 

$  270  

$  (1,826)  

$  (2,099)  

(140) 

(46) 

164 

588 

- 

(141) 

29 

183 

623 

8 

$  (1,260)  

$  (1,397)   

2019 

2018 

$  9,026   

$  6,170   

6,720,859 

6,716,003 

186,676 

16,467 

6,907,535 

6,732,470 

$  1.34  
$  1.31  

$  0.92   
$  0.92   

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 

As at 
Dec 31, 2018 

$  18,629   

$  13,744   

1,500 

3,200 

$  20,129   

$  16,944  

Interest income earned on bank balances and short-term investments is reported as investment income in the 
consolidated statements of income.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Cash - restricted 

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 

As at 
Dec 31, 2018 

$  924  

$  1,347   

Restricted cash comprises cash collected from certain customers of the USA segment which is contractually segregated 
from other cash as it is held exclusively for disbursements to suppliers and service providers specific to those individual 
customer contracts.  

10  Trade receivables 

Eligible trade receivables held by the Corporation’s subsidiaries in Canada have been pledged as security with a bank in 
support of a revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility was unused as at December 31, 2019. 

10.1    Current trade receivables 

Aging profile 

Current and past due for less than 30 days 

Past due for between 31 and 90 days 

Past due for 91 days or longer 

Total gross current trade receivables 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

Current trade receivables, net 

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 

As at 
Dec 31, 2018 

$  10,019  

$  11,800   

1,127 

327 

11,473 

(727) 

1,343 

487 

13,630 

(548) 

$  10,746   

$  13,082  

The average trade credit allowed on the sale of goods is between 30 and 60 days from the date of shipment. For 
sales of customized products and services, deposits and/or payment installments are typically incorporated into 
contract terms to mitigate the potential for default. Deposits and installments received on individual accounts 
which exceed the value of goods and/or services invoiced are recorded as contract liabilities on the consolidated 
balance sheets. 

The Corporation has recognized an allowance for doubtful trade receivables on accounts that are past due by 
more than 31 days based on best estimates of future expected credit losses and estimated irrecoverable amounts 
determined by reference to past experiences. As at December 31, 2019 and 2018, the allowance for doubtful 
accounts reserve includes amounts to cover new accounts in the Canadian segment and continuing exposure with 
several long-standing customers in the USA segment, both of which have trade receivables included in the past 
due for 91 days or longer category.  

In determining the recoverability of a trade receivable, the Corporation considers any change in the credit quality 
of the trade receivable from the date credit was initially granted up to the end of the reporting year. The 
concentration of credit risk is limited due to the fact that the customer base is large and diversified. 

10.2    Change in allowance for doubtful accounts 

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending carrying amounts of the Corporation’s allowance for doubtful 
accounts is as follows: 

Balance at beginning of year 

Additional amounts provided for during the year 

Trade receivables written off during the year 

Balance at end of year 

2019 

$  (548)  

(225) 

46 

2018 

$  (413)  

(148) 

13 

$  (727) 

$  (548)  

53   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

11. Inventories 

Raw materials 

Work in progress 

Finished goods 

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 

As at 
Dec 31, 2018 

$  6,046  

$  5,907   

2,156 

3,396 

2,404 

3,327 

$  11,598   

$  11,638  

Eligible inventories held by each of the Corporation’s Canadian and USA subsidiaries have been pledged as security with 
a bank in support of revolving credit facilities. The revolving credit facilities were unused as at December 31, 2019. 

The cost of inventories recognized as an expense in cost of sales in the year ended December 31, 2019, was $77,842 (2018 
- $79,805). Included in the cost of inventories recognized as an expense were write-downs from full cost to net realizable 
value in the amount of $633 (2018 - $799). There were no reversals of any write-downs in either 2019 or 2018. 

12. Contract costs 

Contract costs represent the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer on the expectation these costs will 
be recovered. Contract costs are comprised of sales commissions paid or payable to obtain certain contracts. These costs 
are amortized on a proportionate basis as a selling expense over the life of the contract, as this reflects the period over 
which goods or services are transferred to the customer. Amortization recognized in selling expenses during the year was 
$515 (2018- $377). Amortization of contract costs follows the seasonality of operations and is typically higher in the 
second and third quarter upon completion of performance obligations. Contract costs remaining to be amortized as selling 
expenses are $487 (2018 - $475). 

13. Remaining performance obligations 

Performance obligations for certain goods manufactured, construction and design contracts generally include deposits 
which are initially recorded as contract liabilities and represent obligations of work that has not yet been completed. 
Revenue from unsatisfied performance obligations is recognized when services are rendered and control of the goods is 
transferred to the customers. For contracts that include deposits, the total remaining performance obligations as at year end 
were $18,440 (2018 - $17,077). The Corporation estimates it will recognize approximately $14,579 of revenue from the 
unsatisfied performance obligations upon completion of those performance obligations over the next twelve months and 
$3,861 after twelve months. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

14. Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 

Freehold land 

Buildings 

Plant and 
equipment 

Assets under 
construction 

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2018 

$  8,457   

  $  25,702   

  $  42,197   

  $  698   

  $  77,054   

Additions 

Disposal of PP&E assets 

Transfer of leased assets 

Transfers between asset classes 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Effect of foreign currency changes 

155 

- 

- 

- 

213 

576 

8 

(350) 

217 

1,819 

656 

Balance at December 31, 2018 

  8,612  

  26,491   

  44,547  

Additions 

Disposal of PP&E assets 

Transfers between asset classes 

Effect of foreign currency changes 

- 

- 

- 

(92) 

- 

- 

153 

(347) 

107 

(1,269) 

1,053 

(425) 

1,761 

- 

- 

(2,032) 

21 

  448 

1,778 

- 

(1,206) 

(11) 

1,769 

(350) 

217 

- 

1,408 

  80,098   

1,885 

(1,269) 

- 

(875) 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

$  8,520   

$  26,297   

$  44,013  

$  1,009   

$  79,839  

Accumulated Depreciation 

Balance at January 1, 2018 

Depreciation expense 

Disposal of PP&E assets 

Transfer of leased assets 

Effect of foreign currency changes 

Balance at December 31, 2018 

Depreciation expense 

Disposal of PP&E assets 

Effect of foreign currency changes 

$  - 

  $  9,837     

  $  29,790   

  $  - 

  $  39,627   

- 

- 

- 

- 

  - 

- 

- 

- 

1,201 

- 

- 

313 

2,006 

(350) 

201 

406 

  11,351 

  32,053 

1,191 

- 

(198) 

1,883 

(1,211) 

(260) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

  - 

- 

- 

- 

3,207 

(350) 

201 

719 

  43,404 

3,074 

(1,211) 

(458) 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

$  - 

$  12,344   

$  32,465   

$  - 

$  44,809   

Net book values 

2018 

2019 

$  8,612 

$  15,140 

$  12,494 

8,520 

13,953 

11,548 

$  448 

1,009 

$  36,694 

35,030 

Depreciation commences when assets are available for use. Depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 in 
the amount of $2,818 (2018 - $2,907) is included in cost of sales, with an amount of $123 (2018 - $147) included in selling 
expenses, and an amount of $133 (2018 - $153) included in administrative expenses. 

Assets under construction as at December 31, 2019 are expected to be available for use in 2020. 

55   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

15. Right-of-use assets 

Cost 
Balance at January 1, 2018 
Additions 
Disposal of right-of-use assets 
Transfers of PP&E assets 
Effect of foreign currency changes  

Balance at December 31, 2018 
Additions 
Disposal of right-of-use assets 
Effect of foreign currency changes  

Property 
$  13,750   

- 
(1,713) 
- 
229 

12,266 
212 
- 
(139) 

Vehicles 
$  819  
168 
(209) 
- 
20 

798 
229 
(125) 
(14) 

Truck and 
trailers 
$  220   
129 
(109) 
- 
9 

Office 
equipment 
$  372   
- 
(34) 
- 
24 

Machinery 
and 
equipment 
$  268   
- 
(39) 
(217) 
13 

249 
- 
- 
(6) 

362 
36 
(14) 
(13) 

25 
- 
- 
(1) 

Total 
$  15,429  
297 
(2,104) 
(217) 
295 

13,700 
477 
(139) 
(173) 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

$  12,339   

$  888 

$  243   

$  371  

$  24  

$  13,865   

Accumulated Depreciation 

Balance at January 1, 2018 
Depreciation expense 
Disposal of right-of-use assets 
Transfers of PP&E assets 
Effect of foreign currency changes  

Balance at December 31, 2018 
Depreciation expense 
Disposal of right-of-use assets 
Effect of foreign currency changes  

$  5,185   
1,007 
(1,716) 
- 
140 

4,616 
1,002 
- 
(91) 

$  457  
231 
(185) 
- 
9 

512 
182 
(127) 
(7) 

$  137      
28 
(109) 
- 
5 

61 
43 
- 
(3) 

$  101  
105 
(31) 
- 
10 

185 
96 
(12) 
(7) 

$  221   
34 
(39) 
(201) 
6 

21 
3 
- 
- 

$  6,101  
1,405 
(2,080) 
(201) 
170 

5,395 
1,326 
(139) 
(108) 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

$  5,527   

$  560   

$  101  

$  262   

$  24 

$  6,474   

Net book values 

2018 
2019 

$  7,650   
6,812 

$  286 
328 

$  188   
142 

$  177   
109 

$  4  
- 

$  8,305 
7,391 

Depreciation expense for December 31, 2019 in the amounts of $889 (2018 - $893) is included in cost of sales, with 
amounts of $279 (2018 - $341) included in selling expenses, and amounts of $158 (2018 - $171) included in 
administrative expenses, respectively. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

16. Intangible assets 

Cost 

Product 
development 
costs 

Patents 

Software 

Registered 
trade names 

Order 
backlog 

Non-
compete 
agreement 

Total 

Balance at January 1, 2018 

  $  70     

  $  951        $  2,714        $  1,258        $  186    

  $  36       $  5,215      

Additions 

Effect of foreign currency changes 

- 

- 

- 

25 

64 

39 

- 

110 

- 

16 

- 

3 

64 

193 

Balance at December 31, 2018 

  70  

  976  

  2,817 

  1,368  

  202 

  39   

  5,472 

Additions 

Disposal of intangible assets 

Effect of foreign currency changes 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(15) 

317 

(433) 

(23) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(66) 

(10) 

- 

- 

(2) 

317 

(433) 

(116) 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

$  70 

$  961 

$  2,678 

$  1,302 

$  192 

$  37 

$  5,240 

Accumulated Amortization 

Balance at January 1, 2018 

  $  58     

  $  951        $  2,579     

 $   - 

  $  186     

  $  36       $  3,810     

Amortization expense 

Effect of foreign currency changes 

5 

- 

- 

25 

127 

39 

Balance at December 31, 2018 

  63   

  976   

  2,745   

Amortization expense 

Disposal of intangible assets 

Effect of foreign currency changes 

5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(15) 

153 

(433) 

(23) 

- 

- 

  - 

- 

- 

- 

- 

16 

- 

3 

132 

83 

202  

39  

4,025   

- 

- 

(10) 

- 

- 

(2) 

158 

(433) 

(50) 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

$  68  

$  961   

$  2,442 

$  - 

$  192   

$  37  

$  3,700   

Net book values 

2018 

2019 

$  7 

2 

$  - 

- 

$  72 

$  1,368 

236 

1,302 

$  - 

- 

$  - 

$  1,447 

- 

1,540 

Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 in the amount of $8 (2018 - $10) is included in cost of goods 
sold, an amount of $7 (2018 - $10) is included in selling expenses, and an amount of $143 (2018 - $112) is included in 
administrative expenses.  

17. Goodwill 

17.1  Cost 

Balance at beginning of year 

Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 

Balance at end of year 

2019 

2018 

$  2,360  

$  2,217  

(85) 

143 

$  2,275   

$  2,360   

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to CGUs (Note 17.2). As at the testing date selected, the 
Corporation determined that the value in use of each cash-generating unit exceeded their carrying amounts and 
therefore no provision for impairment was provided. In order to determine whether impairment is incurred, the  

57   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Corporation estimates the recoverable amount of each CGU. Recoverable amounts are determined on the basis of 
value in use calculations. Classification of CGUs and value in use in 2019 was determined the same way as in 2018.  

17.2  Allocation of goodwill to cash-generating units 

The carrying amount of goodwill has been allocated for impairment testing purposes to the following cash-
generating units: 

Canada 

USA 

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 

As at 
Dec 31, 2018 

$  580   

1,695 

$  580   

1,780 

$  2,275   

$  2,360   

The recoverable amounts of the cash-generating units are determined by performing value in use calculations which 
use cash flow projections based on a one-year financial budget approved by the directors plus future financial 
projections covering an additional four-year period. The cash flow projections for the four year period following the 
budget year are prepared in a manner consistent with past experience and reflect management’s expectation of the 
medium term operating performance of the CGUs and the markets in which they operate. The valuation model also 
takes into account working capital requirements and capital investments required to support the sales revenue 
projections, and terminal values.  

The Corporation used a discount rate of 12.0% (12.0% in 2018). The discount rate was determined based on an 
estimate of the Corporation’s weighted average cost of capital. The discount rate is pre-tax.  

The key assumptions used for value in use calculations in 2019 and 2018 were as follows: 

Year 

2019 

2018 

Cash generating unit 

Compound annual 
growth rate (5 Years)  

Canada 

USA 

Canada 

USA 

3.0 % 

6.0 % 

 2.9 % 

6.9 % 

Long-term  
growth rate 
2.0 % 

 2.0 % 

2.0 % 

2.0 % 

Discount rate 

12.0 % 

12.0 % 

12.0 % 

12.0 % 

18. Retirement benefits plans 

18.1  Group registered retirement savings plan 

The Corporation operates a group registered retirement savings plan for all qualifying employees in Canada. The 
assets of each individual in the plan are held separately from those of the Corporation in investment instruments 
under the control of a large Canadian insurer. An individual employee’s assets held in the plan are self-administered 
by the employee. The Corporation’s obligation with respect to the group registered retirement savings plans is to 
administer employee contributions via the payroll and to part-match contributions made by employees based on an 
established policy.  

18.2  Group 401K plan 

The Corporation operates group 401K plans for all qualifying employees located in Nevada, Michigan, Minnesota, 
Ohio and Idaho, USA, in which qualifying employees may elect to defer current wages for retirement. The 
Corporation has the option to match employee contributions to the plans.  

The assets of the plans are held separately from those of the Corporation by a trust company and governed by a 
custodial agreement under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”). The Corporation also utilizes 
the services of registered investment brokers and third party administrators in the fulfillment of its actuarial and 
fiduciary responsibilities with respect to the plans.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

18.3  Defined benefit pension plan 

The Corporation operates a funded defined benefit pension plan for qualifying Ontario-based employees who are 
members of the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service 
Workers International Union. Under the plan, retiring employees receive on a monthly basis a fixed benefit amount 
multiplied by the number of years of eligible service. No other post-retirement benefits are provided to these 
employees except for a minimal amount of life insurance coverage. 

The most recent actuarial valuation of plan assets and the present value of defined benefit obligation were determined 
as at December 31, 2019 and the accounting valuations were subsequently updated to December 31, 2019, by the 
independent actuary. The next valuation report is required as at December 31, 2022. 

The table below outlines the amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets arising from the Corporation’s 
obligation in respect of its defined benefit plan:  

Present value of the funded defined benefit obligation 
Fair value of plan assets 

Net asset arising from defined benefit obligation 

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 

$  (1,945)    
2,249 

As at 
Dec 31, 2018 
$  (1,898)   
1,908 

$  304    

$  10    

The principal assumptions used for the purpose of the actuarial accounting valuations were as follows: 

Discount rate (end of fiscal year) 
Expected return on plan assets 

2019 
 3.25 % 
3.25 %   

2018 
3.75 % 
3.75 %   

Amounts recognized as an expense in respect of the defined benefit plan were as follows: 

Current service costs 
Administration costs 
Interest costs 
Interest income 

2019 
$  46             

2018 
$  46            

12 
72 
(72) 

$ 58 

10 
69 
(74) 

$  51       

The expense for the years is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income. 

Movements in the present value of the defined benefit obligation were as follows: 

Opening defined benefit obligation 
Current service costs 
Interest cost on obligation 
Benefit payments 
Actuarial gain  

Closing defined benefit obligation 

2019 

2018 

$  1,898      

46 
72 
(61) 
(10) 

$  1,837       
46 
69 
(54) 
- 

$  1,945  

$  1,898  

59   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Movements in the present value of the plan assets were as follows: 

Opening fair value of plan assets 

Actual return (loss) on plan assets 

Employer contributions 

Administration costs 

Benefit payments 

2019 

2018 

$  1,908  

$  1,928  

306 

108 

(12) 

(61) 

(87) 

131 

(10) 

(54) 

Closing fair value of plan assets 

$  2,249   

$  1,908   

The major categories of plan assets are as follows:  

Equity instruments 

Fixed income securities 

Total 

Distribution of plan assets 
As at 
Dec 31, 2018 

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 

 73 %   

27 % 

100 % 

71 % 

29 % 

100 % 

To the best of management’s knowledge, none of the plan assets are invested in the Corporation’s shares. 
The Corporation expects to make contributions of $nil to the defined benefit plan in the 2020 financial year. 

19. Contract liabilities  

The Corporation enters into contracts to sell its products and services in the normal course of its operations. When the 
customer’s payment precedes performance, the Corporation recognizes a contract liability. A contract liability is also 
recognized for the estimated rebates payable to customers associated with recognized sales at the end of the period. 
Contract liabilities are reduced as performance obligations are achieved and rebates paid. The changes in contract 
liabilities are set out below: 

Contract liabilities 
Balance, 
beginning 
of period 1 

Current 
period 2 

Revenue related to 
Current 
period 
deposits 3  

 Beginning 
of period 
deposits 4 

Rebates, 
net 5 

Foreign 
exchange 

Balance, 
end of 
period  

 2019 

Jan 1- Mar 31 

 $  6,464  

 $  5,540  

      $  (2,502)  

  $  (2,503)  

 $  (1,166) 

     $  (23)  

   $  5,810  

Apr 1- Jun 30 

Jul 1- Sep 30 

Oct 1- Dec 31 

5,810 

8,654 

10,072 

8,657 

9,495 

8,670 

(3,226) 

(4,115) 

(5,899) 

(3,075) 

(4,522) 

(6,909) 

569 

412 

169 

(81) 

148 

(160) 

8,654 

10,072 

5,943 

2018 

Jan 1- Mar 31 

 $  5,158  

 $  4,070  

      $  (736) 

  $  (1,857)   

 $  (772) 

        $  39  

   $  5,902  

Apr 1- Jun 30 

     5,902  

     6,402  

       (1,607) 

      (3,357) 

       452  

         102  

      7,894  

Jul 1- Sep 30 

     7,894  

     8,486  

       (4,107) 

      (4,699) 

       598  

       (144) 

      8,028  

Oct 1- Dec 31 

     8,028  

     8,830  

       (5,581) 

       (5,041) 

       (34) 

262  

      6,464  

1 

Contract liabilities for customer deposits the Corporation has received for outstanding performance obligations and unpaid customer rebates earned and 
payable by the Corporation. 
2 Customer deposits that the Corporation has received during the period from new contracts with customers or additional customer deposits on existing 
contracts with customers, in advance of the Corporation’s performance. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

3 Revenue recognized through the completion of performance obligations related only to the extent new customer deposits are received in the same period, 
excluding any amounts recognized as revenue from beginning balances. The decrease in contract liabilities is constrained to revenue recognized from 
customer deposits applied to performance obligations achieved in the current period.     
4  Revenue recognized through the completion of performance obligations related to either new or existing contracts, for customer deposits on hand from 
prior periods, that was included in the beginning balance and excludes amounts recognized during the period in the note above. 
5 Customer rebates payable by the Corporation or amounts paid to customers. 

20. Borrowings 

20.1  Operating credit facilities 

Canada  

The Canadian segment has a revolving facility that is secured by a first ranking security interest in trade receivables 
and inventories of the Canadian subsidiary, without any additional financial covenants.  

The Corporation continues to provide a guarantee and postponement of claim to the bank in the amount of $17,000. 
The interest rate applicable on draws made against the facility is the Canadian bank’s prime rate and the facility 
carries a nominal maintenance fee. The credit facility was not used as at December 31, 2019.    

USA  

The USA segment has a credit facility arrangement with a US bank for a variable rate revolving facility in the 
amount of $1,250. The revolving facility is secured by all inventory and equipment of the USA subsidiary. The 
interest rate applicable on draws made against the facility is a variable rate based on an index plus 0.25%.  

Under the facility, the USA subsidiary is subject to certain covenants, one of which is a financial covenant to 
maintain an Operating Cash Flow to Fixed Charge Coverage ratio of not less than 1.20:1. The second covenant is to 
maintain a Total Debt to Tangible Net Worth Ratio of less than 3.00 to 1.00. The credit facility was not used as at 
December 31, 2019.    

The Corporation continues to follow a policy of carrying US dollar balances and borrowing in Canadian dollars, 
when required, rather than executing multiple cross-border foreign exchange transactions.  

20.2  Long-term debt 

The Corporation’s long-term debt position is stated in the following table: 

Balance at beginning of period 
Borrowings 
Repayments 

Balance at end of period 

  Dec 31, 2019  Dec 31, 2018 

$  8,568 
- 
(351) 

$  8,906 
- 
(338) 

$  8,217     

$  8,568     

As at February 28, 2017, the Corporation obtained long-term debt from a Canadian bank to fund the purchase of a 
real estate transaction completed at a fixed interest rate of 3.25%.  The long-term debt is being amortized over a 20 
year amortization period and subject to renewal within 5 years. The long-term debt is eligible for prepayment 
privilege, subject to certain prepayment penalties and is supported by the Corporation’s property. Borrowing and 
closing costs were expensed as incurred, as amounts are not material.   

The Corporation is subject to certain covenants on its long-term debt, one of which is a financial covenant to 
maintain a Debt Service Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25:1. The financial covenant ratio is tested on an annual, 
year-end basis. The financial covenant ratio was tested and the Corporation was compliant with the ratio as at 
December 31, 2019. 

61   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Estimated principal repayments on long-term debt through to maturity are set out in the table below: 

Current within 12 months 
Due within 12 to 24 months 
Due within 25 to 36 months 
Due within 37 to 48 months 
Due within 49 to 60 months 
Due after  60 months 

Total 

21. Lease obligations 

  Dec 31, 2019 

$  361      
373 
385 
398 
411 
6,289 

$  8,217   

The Corporation has lease obligations for contracts related to property (land, office space, manufacturing and storage 
facilities), vehicles, truck and trailers, office equipment and machinery and equipment. Lease obligations for automobiles 
and equipment are secured by the lessors’ title to the automobiles and equipment.  

Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. Discount 
rates during the year ended December 31, 2019 were between 1.2% and 18.1%, depending on the duration of the lease. 

In March 2013, the Corporation entered into carefree triple net lease agreements as part of a sale leaseback arrangement 
with a Canadian REIT for four Canadian properties, each having a lease term of twenty years. Monthly rent expenses are 
fixed over the first five years of each term with predetermined rent increases after years five, ten and fifteen of the twenty-
year terms. A renewal option exists for a second term of ten years with market rates for rent to be determined at the time of 
renewal. Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Corporation is responsible for the operating costs of the leased 
premises including all major repairs necessary to maintain the properties in a state of good order and condition. 

As part of the sale leaseback transaction, a proportion of the consideration received was in units of the Canadian REIT 
which were pledged as security for the minimum rent obligations for the building leases over the first ten years of the lease 
term. The Canadian REIT units are held in an escrow account until the earlier of ten years from the initial lease date or the 
plan of arrangement is completed. The units had a fair value of $1,483 (2018 - $1,483) (Note 24). The Canadian REIT paid 
a final monthly distribution on the units on May 15, 2018. The distributions have been included in investment income in 
the consolidated statements of income.  

21.1  The Corporation’s lease obligations as at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are stated in the following table: 

Not later than one year 

Later than one year and not later than five years 
Later than five years 

Total minimum lease payments 
Less: amounts representing finance costs 

Present value of minimum lease payments 

Lease obligations are included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows: 

Current 

Long-term 

Total 

Minimum lease payments 

Dec 31, 2019 

Dec 31, 2018 

$  2,024  

$  2,013 

6,683 
7,965 

16,672 
6,826 

6,910 
9,371 

18,294 
7,685 

$  9,846  

$  10,609  

Dec 31, 2019 

Dec 31, 2018 

$  1,167 

8,679 

$  1,122   

9,487 

$  9,846  

$  10,609   

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

21.2  Lease obligations 

Balance at January 1, 2018 
Additions 
Repayments 
Disposal 
Effect of foreign currency changes  

Balance at December 31, 2018 
Additions 
Repayments 
Disposal 
Effect of foreign currency changes 

Property 
$  10,454 
- 
(652) 
- 
127 

9,929 
211 
(825) 
- 
(64) 

Vehicles 
$  372 
168 
(235) 
(18) 
17 

Truck and 
trailers 
$  84 
129 
(29) 
- 
7 

Office 
equipment 
$  272 
- 
(103) 
(2) 
15 

Machinery 
and 
equipment 
$  9 
- 
(6) 
- 
- 

304 
230 
(190) 
- 
(8) 

191 
- 
(41) 
- 
(3) 

182 
36 
(98) 
(2) 
(6) 

3 
- 
(3) 
- 
- 

Total 
$  11,191 
297 
(1,025) 
(20) 
166 

10,609 
477 
(1,157) 
(2) 
(81) 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

$  9,251 

$  336 

$  147 

$  112 

$  - 

$  9,846 

Current 
Long-term 

Total 

$  885  
8,366 

$  179  
157 

$  42  
105 

$  61   
51 

$  9,251  

$  336 

$  147   

$  112   

$  -  
- 

$  -  

$  1,167   
8,679 

$  9,846  

Expense related to short-term leases during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $37 (2018 - $33). Expense 
related to low value leases during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $2 (2018 - $1). 

Total cash outflows for lease payments during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $2,046 (2018 - $1,944). 

Finance costs paid relating to lease obligations during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $889 (2018 - $919). 

22. Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities 

The following table provides a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances for financing activities, including 
cash and non-cash flows changes: 

Cash changes 

Non-cash changes 

Long-term debt 

Lease obligations 

Total 

Dec 31, 2018  Borrowings  Repayments 
$  (351) 

$  8,568 

$  - 

Foreign 

Additions  Disposal 
$  - 

$  - 

exchange  Dec 31, 2019 
$  8,217   

$  - 

10,609 

$  19,177   

- 

$  - 

(1,157) 

477 

(2) 

(81) 

$  (1,508)  

$  477   

$  (2)   

$  (81)    

9,846 
$  18,063   

63   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

23. Issued capital  

23.1  Authorized 

The Corporation’s authorized share capital represents: 

(a)  An unlimited number of voting common shares without nominal or par value which carry one vote per share  and 

carry a right to dividends.  

(b)  An unlimited number of preferred shares without nominal or par value, issuable in series at the discretion of the 

directors of the Corporation of which none are outstanding. 

23.2  Share-based payments 

The Corporation has a stock option plan under which the maximum number of shares issuable is equal to 10% of the 
number of issued and outstanding common shares. A stock option allows the grantee of the option to acquire 
common shares of the Corporation, at the strike price established at the time of grant. Options may be exercised at 
any time from the vesting date to the date of expiry. The strike price of each stock option is determined with 
reference to the market price of the Corporation’s common shares. Each share option converts into one ordinary 
common share of the Corporation upon exercising. No amounts are paid or payable by the recipient on initial receipt 
of the option. The options carry neither rights to dividends nor voting rights.  

Under PFB’s stock option plan, 500,000 stock options were granted to certain directors and senior management with 
an exercise price ranging from $8.05 to $11.75 per share. Options granted to directors vest immediately and expire 
on May 10, 2023. Options granted to senior management commence to vest on a graduated schedule and expire ten 
years subsequent to the grant date.  The exercise price of the options was determined with reference to the price of 
PFB’s stock on the Toronto Stock Exchange on the respective grant date. 

The following table sets forth information concerning the inputs used in this model, share options granted and vested 
under the stock option plan as at December 31, 2019: 

Number of 
options 
outstanding 

Number 
of options 
exercised 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
life (years) 

375,000 
100,000 
- 
475,000 

- 
- 
25,000 
25,000 

$  8.50 
$  11.75 
$  8.05 
$  9.13 

8.25 
9.25 
- 
8.46 

Grant date 

Weighted 
average 
risk-free 
interest 
rate (%) 

Weighted 
average 
expected 
life (years) 

Estimated 
volatility 
(%) 

Expected 
annual 
dividend 
yield (%) 

Weighted 
average 
fair value 
per option 

2.11 
1.76 
2.11 

9.69 
10.00 
4.92 

18.04 
16.91 
18.04 

3.98 
2.72 
3.98 

$  0.76 
$  1.56 
$  0.81 

At the grant date, each option is measured at the fair value determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  
The risk-free interest rate is based on Government of Canada bonds with similar duration, at the grant date. The 
weighted average expected life is based from the grant date to the date on which the option is expected to be 
exercised. Expected volatility is estimated by considering historic share price volatility over the most recently 
completed annual reporting period.  

The fair value of options granted with immediate vesting have an aggregate fair value of $20 or $0.81 per option, and 
are reported as a compensation expense on the grant date, with a corresponding increase in contributed surplus on the 
balance sheet. Options with vesting requirements have an aggregate fair value of $442 or $0.93 per option and are 
amortized on a straight-line basis over the ten year vesting period with the quarterly amortization amounts reported 
as compensation expense included as other losses on the income statement with the off-set to equity-settled employee 
benefits reserves on the balance sheet.   

23.3  Restricted Share Units 

On January 1, 2019, 100,000 Restricted Share Units (“RSU”) were awarded to the Corporation’s former Chief 
Operating Officer and current Director. Each restricted share unit gives the holder the right to receive one common 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

share of the Corporation. The rights to acquire 100,000 common shares of the Corporation, at the election of the 
Director, vested immediately on the date of grant and will be payable, at the holder’s option, in common shares. The 
share-based remuneration expense of the RSU is based on the fair value of the common shares on the date of grant 
using the closing market share price on the date prior to the grant, and the expected vesting conditions. The 
Corporation recorded a share-based remuneration expense for an amount of $950 as a compensation expense in other 
losses in the income statement, with an offset to equity-settled employee benefits reserves, until the award becomes 
exercised, and will subsequently be reclassified as an increase in common shares. The RSU award is not remeasured 
subsequent to the initial grant date. The RSUs expire at the end of a three-year period, or on December 31, 2021. 
During the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no units exercised.   

23.4  Normal Course Issuer Bid 

In August 2019, the Corporation obtained approval from the Toronto Stock Exchange to renew its Normal Course 
Issuer Bid (the “Bid”) program for a 12-month period, which commenced on September 3, 2019 and ends no later 
than September 2, 2020. The renewal allows the Corporation to purchase up to a maximum of 50,000 of its common 
shares, representing 0.74% of the Corporation’s 6,741,003 issued and outstanding common shares as at August 29, 
2019, subject to daily maximum purchases of 1,000 common shares and other listed-issuer regulations. The 
Corporation will purchase from time-to-time its common shares at market prices by means of open market 
transactions on the Toronto Stock Exchange.    

In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Corporation purchased for cancellation 50,000 of its common shares, 
under the current Bid, for an aggregate price of $525, of which $368 was charged to retained earnings as a premium 
on redemption of the common shares. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Corporation did not purchase any 
of its common shares. 

23.5  Dividends 

In the first quarter of 2019, the Corporation’s board of directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.08 (2018 
- $0.08) per common share which was paid in February of each year, respectively. The dividend payment in February 
2019 amounted to $538 (2018 - $538).  

In the second quarter of 2019, the Corporation’s board of directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.09 
(2018 - $0.08) per common share which was paid in May of each year, respectively. The dividend payment in May 
2019 amounted to $607 (2018 - $537). 

In the third quarter of 2019, the Corporation’s board of directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.09 (2018 
- $0.08) per common share which was paid in August of each year, respectively. The dividend payment in August 
2019 amounted to $606 (2018 - $538). 

 In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Corporation’s board of directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.09 
(2018 - $0.08) per common share which was paid in November of each year, respectively. The dividend payment in 
November 2019 amounted to $607 (2018 - $537). 

In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a one-time, special dividend of 
$1.00 per common share which was paid on November 29, 2019 (2018 - $nil). 

Aggregate dividends paid in the year ended December 31, 2019, amounted to $9,044 (2018 - $2,150). 

Dividends paid by PFB, in 2019, qualify as eligible dividends and satisfy the enhanced gross-up and dividend tax 
credit change enacted under Canadian tax law. 

24. Financial instruments 

24.1  Capital management 

The Corporation manages its capital structure to ensure that the Corporation and its subsidiaries will be able to 
continue as going concerns, maximizing the return to shareholders through the optimization of the debt and equity, 
and to safeguard corporate assets.  

65   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

The capital structure of the Corporation consists of net debt (long-term debt as detailed in Note 20 offset by cash and 
cash equivalents) and equity of the Corporation (comprising issued share capital, reserves, and retained earnings as 
detailed in the consolidated statement of changes in equity).  

The Corporation’s capital structure, net of cash and cash equivalents, as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, is as 
outlined in the following table:  

Borrowings 
Less: cash and cash equivalents 

Surplus cash 

Shareholders’ equity 

As at 
December 31, 2019 

As at 
December 31, 2018 

$  8,217   
20,129 

$  (11,912)  

$  8,568   
16,944 

$  (8,376)  

$  55,656    

$  56,009 

Net borrowings to equity ratio 

N/A 

N/A 

The Corporation considers the amount of capital it requires in proportion to the associated risks. Adjustments may be 
made to the Corporation’s capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of 
the underlying assets. The capital structure can be maintained or adjusted in a variety of ways as circumstances may 
change, including: adjusting the amount of dividends paid to shareholders; purchasing shares for cancellation (under 
Normal Course Issuer Bids); issuing new shares; and increasing or repaying any debt financing. 

The Corporation pursues its capital management objectives by prudently managing the capital generated through 
internal growth of its operations, optimizing the use of lower cost capital when required, and raising share capital 
when deemed appropriate, to fund significant strategic growth initiatives. 

24.2  Categories of financial instruments 

The Corporation, through its financial assets and liabilities, is exposed to a variety of risks that may affect the fair 
value of its financial instruments with each carrying varying degrees of significance which could affect the 
Corporation’s ability to achieve its strategic objectives of growing its operations and increasing shareholder returns.  

The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value of 
financial instruments classified as FVTPL. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: 

Level 1:  Fair value based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date 

for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2:  Fair value based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either 

directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. 

Level 3:  Fair value based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and 

significant to the overall fair value measurement.  

The estimated fair value of each class of financial instruments, the methods and assumptions that were used to 
determine it are as follows:  

  The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables, and trade and other 

payables approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of those instruments. 

  Marketable securities – restricted, consist of units of a Canadian REIT which are priced at $8.10 per unit 

based on a plan of arrangement and remain in escrow.  

  Long-term debt is carried at amortized cost. The estimated fair value of long-term borrowings has been 

estimated to approximate the amortized cost. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

A summary of the categories, measurement basis, hierarchy, carrying values and fair values of financial instruments 
held by the Corporation are stated in the following table:  

Category 

Financial 
instrument 
Cash and cash 
equivalents 
Cash - restricted  Assets at 

Assets at 
amortized cost 

Measurement 

Hierarchy 

December 31, 2019 

December 31, 2018 

Carrying 
Amount 

Fair 
Value 

Carrying 
Amount 

Fair 
Value 

Amortized cost 

Level 1 

$  20,129    

$  20,129   

$  16,944   

$  16,944   

Restricted 
marketable 
securities 
Trade 
receivables 
Trade and other 
payables  

Long-term debt 

amortized cost  Amortized cost  Level 1 

924 

924 

1,347 

1,347 

Fair value 

Amortized cost 

FVOCI 
Assets at 
amortized cost 
Financial 
liabilities at 
amortized cost 
Financial 
liabilities at 
amortized cost  Amortized cost 

Amortized cost 

Level 2 

1,483 

1,483 

1,483 

1,483 

N/A 

10,746 

10,746 

13,082 

13,082 

N/A 

(10,324) 

(10,324)  

(10,894) 

(10,894) 

Level 2 

(8,217) 

(8,217)  

(8,568) 

(8,568) 

During the year ending December 31, 2019, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value 
measurements.  

During the year ending December 31, 2018, restricted marketable securities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 
fair value measurements.  

24.3  Credit risk 

Credit risk is defined as the risk that the Corporation’s counterparty in a transaction fails to meet or discharge their 
obligation to the Corporation. 

The Corporation’s exposure to credit risk is associated with trade receivables and the potential risk that any customer 
is unable to pay amounts due. Allowances for doubtful accounts and bad debts are estimated as at the balance sheet 
date. The amounts reported for trade receivables on the balance sheet are net of allowances for doubtful accounts and 
the net carrying value represents the Corporation’s maximum exposure to credit risk. 

The Corporation’s subsidiaries provide trade credit to their customers in the normal course of business and the 
Corporation’s credit policy is universally adopted across all businesses. The policy requires the credit history of each 
new customer to be closely examined before credit is granted, which may involve performing solvency tests if a 
particular account is expected to become significant. It is not normal practice to require customers to provide 
collateral or security as a condition of approving trade credit. The diversity of the Corporation’s customer base and 
product offering combine to minimize overall exposures to credit risks.  

Customers ordering highly-customized manufactured products are required to make advance payments at various 
predefined stages of a sales contract. All payments received in advance of invoicing are reported as contract 
liabilities in the current liability section of the balance sheet. Final contract balances are typically required to be paid 
in full before products are shipped.  

Management diligently reviews past due trade receivables balances on a weekly basis to monitor potential credit 
risks. Accounts are considered for impairment on a case-by-case basis when they are past due or when objective 
evidence is received that a customer may default. A number of factors are considered in determining the likelihood of 
impairment. All bad debt write-offs and changes in the doubtful trade receivables reserve are expensed or credited, as 
applicable, to selling expenses in the consolidated statement of income.  

PFB believes that credit risk associated with its trade receivables is limited for the following reasons: 

67   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

  Trade receivables balances are spread amongst a broad customer base which is dispersed across a wide 

geographic range; 

  The aging profile of trade receivables balances is systematically monitored by management; 
  Larger customers are offered a discount off invoice for prompt payment which is strictly enforced; and    
  Payments for highly-customized orders are received in advance of products being shipped. 
Potential credit risk associated with contractual holdback amounts pertaining to certain large projects is considered to 
be low as the customers involved are required to provide bonding to the owners of the projects. The credit risk on 
cash balances is limited because the counterparties are large commercial banks in Canada and the United States. 

Payment of interest by customers arising on past due trade receivables balances is included in investment income in 
the consolidated statements of income. 

24.4  Foreign currency risk  

Currency risk is defined as the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate 
because of changes in foreign exchange rates. 

The Corporation operates in both Canada and the United States of America and is exposed to foreign exchange risks 
arising from changes in foreign exchange rates between the two countries. At the present time, the Corporation has a 
net exposure to the U.S. dollar, as the prices for most raw materials used in its operations are denominated in that 
currency. Raw material supplies denominated in U.S. dollars are usually required to be paid within thirty days or less 
of receiving actual deliveries, which is consistent with industry practices.  

Periodically, management may commit to entering into foreign exchange contracts to attempt to protect earnings 
against relatively short-term fluctuations in exchange rates. In such cases, management attempts to make informed 
judgments in entering such transactions but there is a possibility that markets may not respond in ways predicted. To 
the extent that the Corporation does not fully hedge its foreign currency exposure and exchange rate risk, or the 
Corporation’s subsidiaries are not able to or do not raise their selling prices accordingly when exchange rates are 
moving in an unfavourable direction, the profitability of the business could be adversely affected. The Corporation 
did not hold any foreign exchange contracts as at December 31, 2019. 

The following tables detail the Corporation’s exposure to foreign currency risk as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, 
including a sensitivity analysis to changes in foreign exchange rates: 

December 31, 2019 

December 31, 2018 

USD 

Change in 
currency 

Effect on 
after tax 
income (loss) 

Change in 
currency 

USD 

Effect on 
after tax 
income (loss) 

Net monetary assets 

Net monetary liabilities 

$  15,978   

(4,286) 

5.0 % 

5.0 % 

$  607   

$  12,567  

$  (163)   

(3,981) 

5.0 % 

5.0 % 

$  478  

$  (152)  

24.5  Interest rate risk  

Interest rate risk is defined as the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate 
because of change in market interest rates.  

The Corporation’s Canadian subsidiary had access to a revolving credit facility with a Canadian bank. The revolving 
credit facility had a limit of $17,000, based on marginable trade receivables and inventories. The revolving credit 
facility was repaid and unused at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018 - $10,000 unused). The Corporation’s 
USA subsidiary had access to a revolving credit facility with a US bank. The revolving credit facility had a limit of 
$1,250, based on all inventory and equipment. The revolving credit facility was unused as at December 31, 2019 
(December 31, 2018 - $1,250, unused). 

24.6  Liquidity risk  

Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that an entity will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with 
financial liabilities. Financial liabilities include principal and interest payments.  

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

The Corporation’s liquidity risk is that it is not able to settle liabilities when due or that it can do so only at an 
abnormally high cost. Accordingly, one of management’s primary goals is to maintain an optimum level of liquidity 
by actively managing assets, liabilities and cash flows generated by operations. The Corporation’s future strategies 
can be financed through a combination of cash flows generated by operations, borrowing under existing credit 
facilities, and the issuance of equity. Management prepares regular budgets and cash flow forecasts to help predict 
future changes in liquidity.  

The Corporation has financial liabilities with the following maturities: 

As at December 31, 2019 
Trade and other payables  

Long-term debt 
Lease obligations  
Total 

As at December 31, 2018 
Trade and other payables  

Long-term debt 
Lease obligations  
Total 

Current 
less than 12 
months 
$  10,324   

Due within  
 12 to 24 
months 
$  - 

Due within  
 25 to 36 
months 
$  - 

Due within  
37 to 48 
months 
$  - 

Due after  
48 months 
$  - 

623 

2,024 

623 

1,894 

623 

1,705 

623 

1,679 

8,254 

9,370 

Total 
$  10,324   

10,746 

16,672 

$  37,742      $  12,971   

$  2,517   

$  2,328   

$  2,302   

$  17,624 

$  10,894      $  10,894  

11,369 

623 

$  - 

623 

$  - 

623 

$  - 

623 

$  - 

8,877 

18,294 
$  40,557   

2,013 
$  13,530   

1,837 
$  2,460  

1,728 
$  2,351  

1,650 
$  2,273 

11,066 
$  19,943 

25. Related party transactions 

All related party transactions are constituted in the ordinary course of business and they have been measured at the agreed 
to exchange amounts which approximate fair value. All transactions with related parties have been approved by the Board 
of Directors.  

Balances and transactions between the Corporation and its subsidiaries, which are related parties of the Corporation, have 
been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note (Note 5.3). Details of transactions between the 
Corporation and other related parties are disclosed below. 

25.1  Trading transactions 

Related party transactions are constituted in the ordinary business and they have been measured at the agreed to 
exchange amounts which closely approximate fair value.  

In the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Corporation had the following trading transactions with related 
parties: 

Related party 

Nature of transactions 

E. Carruthers Trucking 

Transportation services 

Aeonian Capital Corporation  Management services 

The following related party balances were outstanding at the end of the reporting years:  

Related party 

Nature of transactions 

E. Carruthers Trucking 

Transportation services 

2019 

2018 

$  2,168   

$  2,163 

350 

350 

$  2,518   

$  2,513 

2019 

2018 

$  75           $  81      

69   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

Aeonian Capital Corporation (“Aeonian”), and its affiliates, owned 2,972,168 (2018 - 2,991,168) common shares of 
the Corporation representing 44.4% (2018 – 44.5%) of the 6,691,003 issued and outstanding shares as at December  

31, 2019. Aeonian is controlled by C. Alan Smith, Executive Chairman of PFB. The Corporation is charged fees by 
Aeonian for management services including those provided by Mr. Smith. The fees are reported under administrative 
expenses in the consolidated statement of income.  

E. Carruthers Trucking is owned by a sibling of a member of the Board of PFB. The transactions have occurred in 
the normal course of operations at arm’s length and are based on standard commercial terms.  

25.2  Compensation of key management personnel 

The remuneration of directors and other members of key management personnel for the year ended were as follows: 

Short-term benefits 1 
Post-employments benefits 
Other long-term benefits 
Share-based payments 
Termination benefits 

2019 

2018 

$  2,017   

- 
- 
990 
- 

$  1,477         
- 
- 
44 
- 

$  3,007   

$  1,521        

1 Short-term benefits includes the following: salaries and associated employer-related costs for payroll and health benefits; 
bonuses; management and directors fees (as applicable).  

The remuneration of directors and the key executives is recommended to the Board of Directors by the Human 
Resources and Compensation Committee and having regard to the performance of individuals and market trends. 

26. Commitments and contingencies 

26.1  Performance bonds 

From time to time, under the terms of certain sales contracts, the Corporation’s subsidiaries may be required to 
provide a performance bond as security. Performance bonds are considered normal practice for suppliers and 
contractors participating in larger construction projects, usually of a public nature. In the USA, government agencies 
in certain states have requirements for bonds to be posted when certain types of licensing applications are made in 
any of those states.  

As at December 31, 2019, the Canadian segment did not have any performance bonds outstanding (December 31, 
2018 - $nil). In the USA, performance bonds in the amount of $620 (December 31, 2018 - $651) were pledged to 
various government agencies as at December 31, 2019. 

26.2  Expenditures for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 

Under the terms of the carefree triple net property leases with a Canadian REIT, the Corporation’s subsidiary, Plasti-
Fab Ltd., is responsible for all major repairs necessary to maintain the leased properties in a state of good order and 
condition over the duration of the leases (Note 21). As at December 31, 2019, no definitive schedule of major repairs 
has been determined. 

The Corporation had the following commitments for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets as at 
December 31, 2019 and 2018: 

Property, plant and equipment 

Intangible assets 

As at 
Dec 31, 2019 

As at 
Dec 31, 2018 

$  1,086   

- 
$  1,086  

$  494       

58 
$  552          

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

26.3  Contingent liabilities 

In the normal course of its operations, the Corporation and/or its subsidiaries may occasionally become involved in 
various claims. While the final outcome with respect to any claims pending cannot be predicted with certainty, it is 
the opinion of management that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial 
position, consolidated results of operations or cash flows.  

26.4  Environment 

The Corporation’s subsidiaries are subject to various laws, regulations, and government policies relating to health 
and safety, production operations, storage and transportation of goods, disposal and environmental emissions of 
various substances and materials, and to the protection of the environment in general. 

26.5  Utility contracts 

The Corporation has entered into physical supply, fixed-price utility contracts with a third party supplier for its own 
usage as follows: 

Utility 
contract  Region 

Usage 
coverage  Cost  

Annual minimum 
purchase 

Term 

Electricity  Alberta 

100 % 

$  0.06/Kilowatt-hour 

3,746,000 Kilowatt-hour 

July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2024 

Gas 

Alberta 

100 % 

$  1.69/Gigajoule 

80,100 Gigajoule 

July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2022 

27. Supplementary cash flow information 

27.1  Changes in non-cash working capital 

Increase (decrease) 

Trade receivables 

Inventories  

Prepaid expenses 

Contract cost 

Trade and other payables  

Contract liabilities 

27.2  Non-cash transactions excluded from the consolidated statement of cash flows 

Property, plant and equipment acquired with 
lease obligations 

28. Subsequent events 

Declaration of regular quarterly dividend 

2019 

2018 

$  2,336   

$  (3,273)    

40 

(95) 

(12) 

(570) 

(521) 

(1,640) 

100 

52 

2,157 

1,306 

$  1,178 

$  (1,298)   

2019 

2018 

$  477   

$  297 

On February 3, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.09 per common share payable on 
February 28, 2020, to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 14, 2020. 

71   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
Thousands of Canadian dollars 

29. Subsidiaries 

Subsidiary 

Principal activities 

Place of 
incorporation and 
operation 

Proportion of ownership interest 
and voting power held  
by the Corporation 
Dec 31, 2018 

Dec 31, 2019 

Canada 
Plasti-Fab Ltd. 

Manufacturing 

Alberta, Canada 

100% 

100% 

USA 
PFB America Corporation 

Holding company 

PFB Custom Homes Group, LLC  Design and 

construction services 

Delaware, USA 

Delaware, USA 

PFB Manufacturing, LLC 

Manufacturing  

Delaware, USA 

PFB America Real Estate, LLC 

Real estate holdings 

Delaware, USA 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

30. Approval of financial statements 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorized for issue on March 12, 2020. 

PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019   72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS 

Bruce M. Carruthers 
Corporate Director 

Donald J. Douglas 
Chairman Emeritus 
United Communities Inc. 

John K. Read 
President 
Picante Capital Corp. 

Leslie A. Lundquist 
Director 
Lundquist Investment Management Inc. 

C. Alan Smith 
President 
Aeonian Capital Corporation 

William H. Smith, Q.C. 
Principal, William H. Smith Professional Corp. 

Vanessa H. Rennie 
Corporate Director 

Gordon G. Tallman 
Corporate Director 

OFFICERS 

Robert Graham 
Chief Executive Officer 

Mirko Papuga 
Chief Financial Officer 

Red Ortega 
Chief Information Officer 

William H. Smith, Q.C. 
Corporate Secretary 

73   PFB Corporation Annual Report 2019 

OPERATIONS 

Head Office 

Calgary, Alberta 

Plasti-Fab Ltd. 

EPS Moulding Operations: 
Delta, British Columbia 
Crossfield, Alberta 
Edmonton, Alberta 
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 
Winnipeg, Manitoba 
Kitchener, Ontario 
Ajax, Ontario 

Insulspan SIPS Division: 
Delta, British Columbia 

PFB America Corporation 

PFB Custom Homes Group, LLC 

 Carson City, Nevada 
Meridian, Idaho 
Blissfield, Michigan 
PFB Manufacturing, LLC 

Lebanon, Ohio 
Blissfield, Michigan 
Lester Prairie, Minnesota   
PFB America Real Estate, LLC 

WEBSITES 
www.pfbcorp.com            www.advantageicf.com 
www.plastifab.com           www.insulspan.com 
www.riverbendtf.com        www.pfbsustainability.com 
www.precisioncraft.com     www.pfbamerica.com  
www.mtndesign.com         www.timberscape.com  
www.pointzerohomes.com 

BANKERS 
Royal Bank of Canada 

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR 
Alliance Trust Company 

AUDITORS 
Deloitte LLP 

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING 
The Toronto Stock Exchange 

STOCK SYMBOL 
PFB 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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300, 2891 Sunridge Way N.E. 
Calgary, AB T1Y 7K7 
Canada 

Tel:  403.569.4300 
Fax:  403.569.4075 
Email: mailbox@pfbcorp.com 

www.pfbcorp.com