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Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.

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FY2020 Annual Report · Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

⌧

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Year Ended June 30, 2020

OR

◻

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to _______________

Commission File Number: 001-38991

Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Maryland
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)

652 Albany Shaker Road, Albany New York
(Address of principal executive offices)

83-4274253
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

12211
(Zip code)

(518) 730-3025
(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $0.01

Trading 
Symbol(s)
PBFS

Name of each exchange on which registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ◻   No ⌧

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ◻   No ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such  shorter  period  that  the  registrant  was  required  to  file  reports),  and  (2)  has  been  subject  to  such  filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧   No ◻

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  submitted  electronically  every  Interactive  Data  File  required  to  be  submitted  pursuant  to  Rule  405  of
Regulation  S-T  (§232.405  of  this  chapter)  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  such  shorter  period  that  the  registrant  was  required  to  submit  such  files).
Yes ⌧   No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an
emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  “large  accelerated  filer,”  “accelerated  filer,”  “smaller  reporting  company,”  and  “emerging  growth
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer   ◻  Accelerated filer   ◻  Non-accelerated filer   ⌧ 

Smaller reporting company   ⌧ 

Emerging growth company   ⌧ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control
over  financial  reporting  under  Section  404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  U.S.C.  7262(b))  by  the  registered  public  accounting  firm  that  prepared  or
issued its audit report. ◻

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ◻   No ⌧

The aggregate value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price of the
common stock of $15.31 as of December 31, 2019 was $160.3 million.

As of September 25, 2020 there were 25,977,679 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The registrant incorporates by reference its definitive Proxy Statement with respect to its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of its fiscal year, into (Part III) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

   
 
    
    
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM 1.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 1B.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4
ITEM 5 

ITEM 6.
ITEM 7.
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9A.
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 10.
ITEM 11.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 13.
ITEM 14.
ITEM 15.
ITEM 16.

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary

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54

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127
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129

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ITEM 1.

Business

Forward Looking Statements

PART I

This  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  contains  forward-looking  statements  within  the  meaning  of  Section  27A  of  the
Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which can be identified by the use of words such
as  “estimate,”  “project,”  “believe,”  “intend,”  “anticipate,”  “plan,”  “seek,”  “expect”  or  words  of  similar  meaning,  or  future  or
conditional verbs, such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” or “may.” A forward-looking statement is neither a prediction nor
a  guarantee  of  future  events.  Certain  forward-looking  statements  are  included  in  this  Form  10-K,  principally  in  the  sections
captioned  “Business,”  and  “Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations.”  These
forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

●

●

●

●

statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;

statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;

statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and

estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently
subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control.
In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions
that are subject to change.

In addition, the factors described under Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Part II, Item 7, and Risk Factors in
Part I, Item 1A, as well as other possible factors not listed, could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in
forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the following:

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

risks  and  uncertainties  related  to  the  Coronavirus  Disease  2019  (“COVID-19”)  pandemic  and  resulting
governmental and societal response;

risks related to the variety of litigation and other proceedings described in the “Legal Proceedings” section;

general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market area, that are worse than expected;

risks  that  COVID-19  may  adversely  impact  our  customers  and  lead  to  a  long-term  economic  recession  and
continuing a severe disruption in the U.S. economy, and could potentially create business continuity issues for
us;

competition within our market area that is stronger than expected;

changes  in  the  level  and  direction  of  loan  delinquencies  and  charge-offs  and  changes  in  estimates  of  the
adequacy of the allowance for loan losses;

our ability to access cost-effective funding;

fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;

demand for loans and deposits in our market area;

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●

●

●

●

●

●

●

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changes in our partnership with a third-party mortgage banking company;

our ability to continue to implement our business strategies;

competition among depository and other financial institutions;

inflation  and  changes  in  market  interest  rates  that  reduce  our  margins  and  yields,  reduce  the  fair  value  of
financial  instruments  or  reduce  our  volume  of  loan  originations,  or  increase  the  level  of  defaults,  losses  and
prepayments on loans we have made and make, whether held in portfolio or sold in the secondary market;

adverse changes in the securities markets;

changes  in  laws  or  government  regulations  or  policies  affecting  financial  institutions,  including  changes  in
regulatory fees and capital requirements;

our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk;

our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

the  imposition  of  tariffs  or  other  domestic  or  international  governmental  polices  impacting  the  value  of  the
products of our borrowers;

our  ability  to  successfully  integrate  into  our  operations  any  assets,  liabilities  or  systems  we  may  acquire,  as
well as new management personnel or customers, and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost
savings within expected time frames and any goodwill charges related thereto;

changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

our ability to maintain our reputation;

our ability to prevent or mitigate fraudulent activity;

changes in cost of legal expenses, including defending against significant litigation;

changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial
Accounting  Standards  Board,  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  or  the  Public  Company  Accounting
Oversight Board;

our ability to retain key employees;

our ability to evaluate the amount and timing of recognition of future tax assets and liabilities;

our compensation expense associated with equity benefits allocated or awarded to our employees in the future;
and

●

changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated
by these forward-looking statements. We disclaim any obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements contained in
this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect future events or developments.

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Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.

Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation that was organized in March 2019 and owns all of the
issued and outstanding capital stock of Pioneer Bank (the “Bank”). On July 17, 2019, Pioneer Bancorp, Inc., became the holding
company for the Bank, when it closed its stock offering in connection with the completion of the reorganization of the Bank into
the two-tier mutual holding company form of organization. The Company sold 11,170,402 shares of common stock at a price of 
$10.00  per  share  to  depositors  of  the  Bank  for  net  proceeds  of $109.1  million,  issued  14,287,723  shares  of  common  stock  to
Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC  and  contributed  519,554  shares  of  common  stock  to  the  Pioneer  Bank  Charitable  Foundation.  The
Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “PBFS.”

As a result of the completed minority stock offering, the Company files interim, quarterly and annual reports with the
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  (the  “SEC”).  The  SEC  maintains  an  Internet  site  (www.sec.gov)  that  contains  reports,
proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers such as the Company that file electronically with the
SEC.  All  filed  SEC  reports  and  interim  filings  can  also  be  obtained  from  the  Bank’s  website  (www.pioneerny.com),  on  the
“Investor Relations” page, without charge from the Company.

The  executive  offices  of  the  Company  are  located  at  652  Albany  Shaker  Road,  Albany,  New  York  12211,  and  its
telephone  number  is  (518)  730-3025.  The  Company  is  subject  to  comprehensive  regulation  and  examination  by  the  Board  of
Governors  of  the  Federal  Reserve  System  (the  “Federal  Reserve  Board”)  and  the  New  York  State  Department  of  Financial
Services (the “NYSDFS”).

Pioneer Bancorp, MHC

Pioneer Bancorp, MHC was formed as a New York mutual holding company and will, for as long as it is in existence,

own a majority of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock.

Pioneer Bancorp, MHC’s principal assets are the common stock of the Company it received in the reorganization and
offering and $100,000 in cash in initial capitalization. Presently, it is expected that the only business activity of Pioneer Bancorp,
MHC will be to own a majority of the Company’s common stock. Pioneer Bancorp, MHC is authorized, however, to engage in
any other business activities that are permissible for mutual holding companies under New York law, including investing in loans
and securities. Pioneer Bancorp, MHC is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve Board and
NYSDFS.

Pioneer Bank

General

Founded in 1889, Pioneer Bank is a New York-chartered savings bank that operates 22 retail banking offices in Albany,
Greene, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady and Warren Counties in New York. We consider these six counties, Schoharie County
and the surrounding areas, as our primary market area for our business operations. We attract deposits from the general public
and municipalities and use those funds along with advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York and funds generated
from operations to originate commercial real estate loans, commercial  and industrial loans, commercial construction loans and
home equity loans and lines of credit and, to a lesser extent, consumer loans. Since January 2016, all of our one- to four-family
residential  real  estate  loans  have  been  purchases  through  our  relationship  with  Homestead  Funding  Corp.,  an  unaffiliated
mortgage  banking company. We also invest in securities,  which have historically  consisted primarily  of U.S. Government and
agency  obligations,  municipal  obligations  and  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  New  York  stock.  We  offer  a  variety  of  deposit
accounts, including demand accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts and certificate  of deposit accounts. Municipal
deposit  banking  services  are  provided  through  a  limited  purpose  commercial  bank  subsidiary,  Pioneer  Commercial  Bank.  The
Bank  also  sells  commercial  and  consumer  insurance  products  and  employee  benefit  products  and  services  through  Anchor
Agency, Inc., its insurance agency subsidiary, and provides wealth management services through its subsidiary, Pioneer Financial
Services, Inc.

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At June 30, 2020, we had consolidated total assets of $1.5 billion, total deposits of $1.3 billion and shareholders’ equity
of $224.0 million. The Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the NYSDFS and the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Our website address is www.pioneerny.com. Information on this website is not and should
not be considered a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Market Area

Our  primary  market  area  encompasses  Albany,  Greene,  Rensselaer,  Saratoga,  Schenectady,  Schoharie  and  Warren
Counties,  which  are  located  in  the  Capital  Region  of  New  York  and  include  the  cities  of  Albany,  the  capital  of  New  York,
Schenectady and Troy. Our offices are located in these counties and surrounding areas, with the exception of Schoharie County.
The Capital Region has a diversified economy and representative industries include educational services, technology and health
care,  along  with  a  strong  state  government  workforce.  Large  employers  in  the  Capital  Region  include  General  Electric,
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., GlobalFoundries, the Golub Corporation, St. Peter’s Health Partners, Albany Medical Center,
the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the State of New York.

The total population in our primary market area in 2020 is approximately 1.0 million, as estimated by Claritas, which
provides  demographic  data  based  on  U.S.  Census  and  other  data  sources.  Of  the  seven  counties  in  our  market  area,  Saratoga
County  has  the  highest  level  of  median  household  income,  estimated  at  $91,676  in  2020  and  projected  to  grow  nearly  10.9%
through  2026, and  Schoharie  County has  the  lowest  median  household  income,  estimated  at  $58,683 in  2020  and  projected  to
grow 5.5% through 2026, compared to the 2020 estimated median household income of $74,462 and $67,761 for New York and
the United States as a whole, respectively.

As  of  June  30,  2020,  unemployment  rates,  according  to  the  New  York  State  Department  of  Labor,  were  10.4%  for
Albany  County,  11.4%  for  Greene  County,  9.9%  for  Rensselaer  County,  10.2%  for  Saratoga  County,  11.7%  for  Schenectady
County, 9.2% for Schoharie County and 11.5% for Warren County. As of June 30, 2020, the unemployment for the United States,
New York State and the Capital Region of New York was 11.2%, 15.6% and 10.4%, respectively.

We believe that we have developed products and services that will meet the financial needs of our current and future
customer base; however, we plan, and believe it is necessary, to expand the range of products and services that we offer to be
more  competitive  in  our  market  area.  Our  marketing  strategies  focus  on  the  strength  of  our  knowledge  of  local  consumer  and
small business markets, as well as expanding relationships with current customers and reaching out to develop new, profitable
business relationships.

Competition

We face significant competition for deposits and loans. Our most direct competition for deposits has historically come
from the numerous financial institutions operating in our market area (including other community banks and credit unions), many
of which are significantly larger than we are and have greater resources. We also face competition for investors’ funds from other
sources such as brokerage firms, money market funds and mutual funds, as well as securities, such as Treasury bills, offered by
the Federal Government. Based on FDIC data, at June 30, 2020 (the latest date for which information is available), we had 2.71%
of the FDIC insured deposit market share in Albany County among the 21 institutions with offices in the county, 16.59% of the
FDIC insured deposit market share in Rensselaer County among the 11 institutions with offices in the county, 3.30% of the FDIC
insured deposit market share in Saratoga County among the 17 institutions with offices in the county, 1.65% of the FDIC insured
deposit  market  share  in  Greene  County  among  the  seven  institutions  with  offices  in  the  county,  4.47%  of  the  FDIC  insured
deposit market share in Schenectady County among the 12 institutions with offices in the county and 0.64% of the FDIC insured
deposit market share in Warren County among the 10 institutions with offices in the county. In all six counties, either New York
City money center banks (e.g. JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America) or large regional banks (e.g., Key Bank, Citizens Bank,
M&T Bank and TD Bank) have a large presence.

Our  competition  for  loans  comes  primarily  from  the  competitors  referenced  above  and  from  other  financial  service
providers, such as mortgage companies and mortgage brokers. Competition for loans also comes from the increasing number of
non-depository  financial  service  companies  participating  in  the  mortgage  market,  such  as  insurance  companies,  securities
companies, financial technology companies, specialty finance firms and technology companies.

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We expect competition  to remain  intense in the future as a result of legislative,  regulatory  and technological  changes
and the continuing trend of consolidation in the financial services industry. Technological advances, for example, have lowered
barriers to entry, allowed banks to expand their geographic reach by providing services over the internet and made it possible for
non-depository institutions, including financial technology companies, to offer products and services that traditionally have been
provided by banks. Competition for deposits and the origination of loans could limit our growth in the future.

Lending Activities

General. Our principal lending activity has been originating commercial real estate loans (including multi-family real
estate  loans),  commercial  and  industrial  loans,  commercial  construction  loans  and  home  equity  loans  and  lines  of  credit.
Beginning in January 2016, we entered into a strategic partnership with Homestead Funding Corp., a mortgage banking company,
to outsource our residential mortgage loan originations, underwriting and closing processes. Through this partnership, we refer
our  customers  to  the  mortgage  banking  company  and  then  we  decide  whether  we  want  to  purchase  the  one-  to  four-family
residential real estate loans originated by the mortgage banking company for our portfolio.

Our  commercial  lending  efforts  focus  on  the  small-to-medium  sized  business  market,  targeting  borrowers  with
outstanding  loan  balances  that  typically  range  between  $2.5  million  to  $10.0  million.  We  focus  primarily  on  commercial  real
estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and commercial construction loans in our market area. As part of the commercial
lending strategy, we will continue to use our commercial relationships to increase our commercial transactional deposit accounts.

Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio by type of loan at the

dates indicated.

Commercial:

Commercial real
estate
Commercial and
industrial
Commercial
construction(1)
One-to four-family
residential real estate
Home equity loans and 
lines of credit
Consumer

Total loans receivable

Less:

Net deferred loan
costs
Allowance for losses

Total loans
receivable, net

2020

2019

At June 30,

2018

2017

2016

     Amount

    Percent     Amount

    Percent     Amount     Percent     Amount     Percent     Amount     Percent 

(Dollars in thousands)

$  450,452  

 38.5 % $  414,375  

 38.9 % $ 375,852  

 37.7 % $ 399,074  

 42.2 % $  293,445  

 36.7 %

 237,223  

 20.3 %  

 183,262  

 17.2 %    194,183  

 19.5 %    179,908  

 19.1 %    123,470  

 15.5 %

 91,805  

 7.8 %  

 85,274  

 8.0 %  

 84,569  

 8.5 %  

 67,928  

 7.2 %  

 96,223  

 12.1 %

 279,960  

 23.9 %  

 281,388  

 26.4 %    249,635  

 25.0 %    202,733  

 21.5 %    197,670  

 24.8 %

 80,345  
 30,860  
   1,170,645  

 6.9 %  
 2.6 %  

 80,258  
 21,482  
 100.0 %    1,066,039  

 7.5 %  
 2.0 %  

 78,286  
 14,977  
 100.0 %    997,502  

 7.8 %  
 1.5 %  

 76,132  
 18,042  
 100.0 %    943,817  

 8.1 %  
 1.9 %  

 69,423  
 17,878  
 100.0 %    798,109  

 8.7 %
 2.2 %
 100.0 %

 605  
 (22,851) 

 2,398  
 (14,499) 

 1,910  
 (13,510) 

 765  
 (11,820) 

 695  
 (9,794) 

$ 1,148,399  

$ 1,053,938  

$ 985,902  

$ 932,762  

$  789,010  

(1) Represents  amounts  disbursed  at  June  30, 2020,  201 9,  2018,  2017  and 201 6.  The  undrawn  amounts  of  the commercial
construction  loans  totaled $35.8  million,  $83.7  million,  $68.3 million, $76.8 million  and  $4 9.1 million at  June 30, 2020,
2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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Contractual Maturities. The following tables set forth the contractual maturities of our total loan portfolio at June 30,
2020. Demand  loans, loans having no stated repayment  schedule  or maturity,  and overdraft  loans are reported  as being due in
one  year  or  less.  The  table  presents  contractual  maturities  and  does  not  reflect  repricing  or  the  effect  of  prepayments.  Actual
maturities may differ.

June 30, 2020

Estate

Industrial

    Construction (1)     Residential 

Commercial Real Commercial and

Commercial

One- to Four-
Family

(In thousands)

Amounts due in:
One year or less
More than one to five years
More than five years

Total

$

$

 27,739
 127,287
 295,426
 450,452

$

$

 98,114
 126,541
 12,568
 237,223

$

$

 12,743
 32,120
 46,942
 91,805

$

 122
 2,667
 277,171
$  279,960

(1)

Includes  commercial  construction  loans  that  convert  to  commercial  real  estate  loans  upon  completion  of  the  construction
phase.

June 30, 2020

Amounts due in:
One year or less
More than one to five years
More than five years

Total

     Home Equity     
Loans and Lines
of Credit

Consumer
(In thousands)

Total

$

$

 88
 2,357
 77,900
 80,345

$  19,799
 9,350
 1,711
$  30,860

$

 158,605
 300,322
 711,718
$  1,170,645

The  following  table  sets  forth  our  fixed  and  adjustable-rate  loans  at  June  30,  2020  that  are  contractually  due  after

June 30, 2021.

Commercial:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction

One- to four-family residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer

Total loans

Due After June 30, 2021

Fixed

     Adjustable     
(In thousands)

Total

$  43,997
   113,554
 10,226
   236,850
 47,932
 6,329
$  458,888

$  378,716
 25,555
 68,836
 42,988
 32,325
 4,732
$  553,152

$

 422,713
 139,109
 79,062
 279,838
 80,257
 11,061
$  1,012,040

Commercial Real Estate Loans. At June 30, 2020, we had $450.5 million in commercial real estate loans, representing
38.5% of our total loan portfolio. Our commercial real estate loans are secured primarily by office buildings, industrial facilities,
retail  facilities,  multi-family  properties  and  other  commercial  properties,  substantially  all  of  which  are  located  in  our  primary
market  area.  At  June  30,  2020,  multi-family  residential  real  estate  loans,  which  are  described  below,  totaled  $82.5  million.
Excluding multi-family loans, $106.3 million of our commercial real estate portfolio was owner-occupied real estate and $261.7
million was secured by income producing, or non-owner-occupied real estate.

We generally originate commercial real estate loans with maximum terms of 10 years based on a 20-year amortization
schedule,  and  loan-to-value  ratios  of  up  to  80%  (or  75%  for  non-owner  occupied)  of  the  appraised  value  of  the  property.  Our
typical commercial real estate loan has an adjustable rate which generally adjusts every five years that is indexed to the five-year
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York amortizing advance indications, plus a margin, subject to an interest rate floor. All of our
commercial real estate loans are subject to our underwriting procedures and guidelines,

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including  requiring  borrowers  to  generally  have  cash  infusions  of  at  least  10%  of  the  loan  amount  or  project  cost  and  that
properties  with  a  loan  in  excess  of  $500,000  are  subject  to  biennial  inspections  to  verify  if  appropriate  maintenance  is  being
performed.

We  consider  a  number  of  factors  in  originating  commercial  real  estate  loans.  We  evaluate  the  qualifications  and
financial condition of the borrower (including credit history), profitability and expertise, as well as the value and condition of the
mortgaged property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, we consider the financial resources of
the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower’s payment history with us and
other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors we consider include the net operating income
of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income
to debt service) to ensure that it is at least 120% of the monthly debt service and the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised
value  of  the  mortgaged  property.  Our  commercial  real  estate  loans  are  generally  appraised  by  outside  independent  appraisers
approved  by  the  board  of  directors.  Personal  guarantees  are  often  obtained  from  commercial  real  estate  borrowers.  The
borrower’s  financial  information  on  such  loans  is  monitored  on  an  ongoing  basis  by  requiring  periodic  financial  statement
updates.

Loans  secured  by  commercial  real  estate  generally  are  larger  than  one-  to  four-family  residential  loans  and  involve
greater  credit  risk.  Commercial  real  estate  loans  often  involve  large  loan  balances  to  a  single  borrower  or  a  group  of  related
borrowers. Repayment of these loans depends to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties
securing the loans or the businesses conducted on such property and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in
the real estate market or the economy in general. As a result, the nature of these loans makes them more difficult for management
to monitor and evaluate.

At  June  30,  2020,  multi-family  real  estate  loans,  which  we  consider  a  sub-category  of  commercial  real  estate  loans,
totaled  $82.5  million,  or  18.3%  of  our  commercial  real  estate  loan  portfolio.  Our  multi-family  real  estate  loans  are  generally
secured by properties consisting of five to 100 rental units within our market area. We originate a variety of adjustable-rate multi-
family residential real estate loans with terms and amortization periods generally of up to 25 years (or 30 years if the age of the
collateral is less than 10 years old), which may include balloon payments. Interest rates and payments on our adjustable-rate loans
adjust generally every five years and generally are indexed to the comparable Federal Home Loan Bank of New York amortizing
advance indications, plus a margin.

In  underwriting  multi-family  residential  real  estate  loans,  we  consider  several  factors,  which  include  a  debt  service
coverage ratio of at least 120%, the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and income level of the borrower
and the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar properties. Multi-family residential real estate loans have loan-to-
value ratios of up to 80% of the appraised value of the property securing the loans. The borrower’s financial information on such
loans is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring periodic financial statement updates.

If we foreclose on a multi-family real estate loan, the marketing and liquidation period to convert the real estate to cash
can be a lengthy process with substantial holding costs. In addition, vacancies, deferred maintenance, repairs and market stigma
can result in prospective buyers expecting sale price concessions to offset their real or perceived economic losses for the time it
takes them to return the property to profitability.

Commercial and Industrial Loans. We originate commercial loans and lines of credit to a variety of small and medium
sized businesses in our market area. These loans are generally secured by accounts receivable, inventory or other business assets,
and we may support this collateral with liens on real property. At June 30, 2020, commercial and industrial loans totaled $237.2
million, or 20.3% of our total loan portfolio. Customers for these loans include professional businesses, family-owned businesses
and  not  for  profit  businesses.  As  part  of  our  relationship-driven  focus,  we  generally  require  our  commercial  borrowers  to
maintain a deposit account with us, which improves our interest rate spread, margin and overall profitability.

Commercial  lending  products  include  revolving  lines  of  credit  and  term  loans.  Our  commercial  lines  of  credit  are
typically made with adjustable interest rates, indexed to either the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or The Wall Street
Journal Prime  Rate,  plus  a  margin,  and  we  can  demand  repayment  of  the  borrowed  amount  due  at  any  time.  Term  loans  are
generally made with fixed interest rates, indexed to the comparable Federal Home Loan Bank of New York

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amortizing advance indications, plus a margin, and are for terms up to 10 years. We focus our efforts on experienced, growing
small- to medium-sized, privately-held companies with solid operating history and projected cash flow that operate in our market
area.

When making commercial and industrial loans, we consider the financial statements of the borrower, our lending history
with  the  borrower,  the  debt  service  capabilities  of  the  borrower,  the  projected  cash  flows  of  the  business  and  the  value  of  the
collateral, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Depending on the collateral used to secure the loans, commercial and
industrial loans are made in amounts generally of up to 75% of the value of the collateral securing the loan. We generally do not
make  unsecured  commercial  and  industrial  loans.  Personal  guarantees  are  often  obtained  from  commercial  and  industrial
borrowers.

Commercial and industrial loans also include loans originated under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a $650
billion  specialized  low-interest  loan  program  funded  by  the  U.S.  Treasury  Department  and  administered  by  the  U.S.  Small
Business Administration (“SBA”). In 2020, the Bank became a qualified SBA lender and was authorized to originate PPP loans.
 An eligible business can generally apply for a PPP loan up to the greater of: 2.5 times its average monthly payroll costs, or $10.0
million.    PPP  loans  have  an  interest  rate  of  1.0%,  a  two-year  or  five-year  loan  term  to  maturity,  and  principal  and  interest
payments deferred until the lender receives the applicable forgiven amount or ten months after the period the business has used
such  funds.    The  SBA  guarantees  100%  of  the  PPP  loans  made  to  eligible  borrowers.    The  entire  principal  amount  of  the
borrower’s PPP loan, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be reduced by the loan forgiveness amount under the PPP so
long  as  employee  and  compensation  levels  of  the  business  are  maintained  and  60%  of  the  loan  proceeds  are  used  for  payroll
expenses, with the remaining 40% of the loan proceeds used for other qualifying expenses. Through June 30, 2020, the Bank has
originated 624 PPP loans totaling $74.0 million.

Commercial and industrial loans generally have greater credit risk than residential real estate loans. Unlike residential
real estate loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from his or her employment
or  other  income,  and  which  are  secured  by  real  property  whose  value  tends  to  be  more  easily  ascertainable,  commercial  and
industrial loans generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan from the cash flow of the borrower’s
business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial and industrial loans may depend substantially on
the success of the business itself. Further, any collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise
and may fluctuate in value. We try to minimize these risks through our underwriting standards.

Commercial  Construction  Loans.  We  originate  loans  primarily  to  established  local  developers  to  finance  the
construction  of  commercial  and  multi-family  properties  or  to  acquire  land  for  development  of  commercial  and  multi-family
properties  and  to  fund  infrastructure  improvements.  We  also  provide  construction  loans  primarily  to  local  developers  for  the
construction  of  one-  to  four-family  residential  developments.  We  also  originate  rehabilitation  loans,  enabling  a  borrower  to
partially or totally refurbish an existing structure, which are structured as construction loans and monitored in the same manner.
At June 30, 2020, commercial construction loans totaled $91.8 million, or 7.8% of our total loan portfolio. Most of these loans
are  secured  by  properties  located  in  our  primary  market  area.  We  also  had  undrawn  amounts  on  the  commercial  construction
loans totaling $35.8 million at June 30, 2020.

Our commercial construction loans are generally interest-only loans that provide for the payment of interest during the
construction  phase,  which  is  usually  12  to  24  months.  The  interest  rate  is  generally  a  variable  rate  based  on  an  index  rate,
typically The Wall Street Journal Prime Rate or LIBOR, plus a margin. At the end of the construction phase, the loan generally
converts  to  a  permanent  commercial  real  estate  mortgage  loan,  but  in  some  cases  it  may  be  payable  in  full.  However,  our
construction loans for the construction of one- to four-family residential developments do not convert to permanent residential
real estate loans. Loans can be made with a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 75% of the appraised market value upon completion
of the project.

Before  making  a  commitment  to  fund  a  commercial  construction  loan,  we  require  an  appraisal  of  the  property  by  an
independent  licensed  appraiser.  The  construction  phase  is  carefully  monitored  to  minimize  our  risk.  All  construction  projects
must  be  completed  in  accordance  with  approved  plans  and  approved  by  the  municipality  in  which  they  are  located.  Loan
proceeds  are  disbursed  periodically  in  increments  as  construction  progresses  and  as  inspections  by  our  approved  inspectors
warrant.

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One- to Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending. At June 30, 2020, $280.0 million, or 23.9%, of our total loan
portfolio consisted of one- to four-family residential real estate loans (residential mortgages). In January 2016, we entered into a
strategic  partnership  with  Homestead  Funding  Corp.,  an  unaffiliated  mortgage  banking  company,  to  outsource  our  residential
mortgage loan originations, underwriting and closing processes. As a result, we no longer process this type of loan in-house; and
instead residential mortgage loans are processed through Homestead Funding Corp. Pioneer Bank has no ownership interest in
this company or any common employees or directors. Homestead Funding Corp.’s staff receives the loan referral  from us and
then handles the underwriting, processing and closing of the loan. One- to four-family residential real estate loans are funded by
Homestead  Funding  Corp.  with  an  option  for  the  Bank  to  purchase  the  loan  upon  funding.  Through  our  relationship  with
Homestead Funding Corp., we can assist applicants in obtaining financing from the mortgage banking company, but we are not
required to commit to purchase or portfolio any loan originated by Homestead Funding Corp. The decision whether to acquire
each loan is made at the time the borrower’s application is submitted to Homestead Funding Corp. and must generally comply
with underwriting guidelines that we have approved. However the Bank normally purchases such loans so long as they meet our
underwriting standards. We may also purchase one- to four-family residential real estate loans from Homestead Funding Corp. to
customers who were not referred to the mortgage banking company by the Bank.

For  each  purchased  loan,  we  generally  pay  a  fixed  aggregate  fee  to  Homestead  Funding  Corp.  of  1.75%  of  the  loan
balance. This fixed aggregate fee is paid by us regardless of whether the loan was originated by the mortgage banking company
directly or was due to our customer referral. We receive no fee for referring a customer to Homestead Funding Corp. For the year
ended June 30, 2020, we purchased for our portfolio $46.8 million of loans originated through Homestead Funding Corp. As part
of purchasing the loans, we typically acquire the servicing rights to the loans in order to best assist the customer relationship. The
purchased  loans  are  acquired  from  Homestead  Funding  Corp.  without  recourse  or  any  right  against  the  mortgage  banking
company to require the loans to be repurchased from us. The fixed aggregate fee we pay to acquire the loan and servicing rights
are deferred as part of the loan balance and amortized over the contractual life of the loan under the interest method.

We  purchase  for  our  portfolio  both  fixed-rate  single-family  mortgage  loans,  as  well  as  adjustable-rate  single-family
loans, with maturities up to 30 years. At June 30, 2020, our one- to four-family residential real estate loans consisted of $237.0
million of fixed-rate loans and $43.0 million of adjustable-rate loans. Most of these one- to four-family residential properties are
located  in  our  primary  market  area  and  many  are  underwritten  according  to  Fannie  Mae  guidelines.  We  refer  to  loans  that
conform  to  the  Fannie  Mae  guidelines  as  “conforming  loans.”    We  also  purchase  for  our  portfolio  loans  above  the  maximum
conforming  loan  limits  as  established  by  the  Office  of  Federal  Housing  Enterprise  Oversight,  which  at  June  30,  2020  was
$510,400  for  single-family  homes  in  our  market  area.  Loans  that  exceed  that  limit  are  considered  “jumbo  loans.”  At  June  30,
2020, we had $52.9 million in jumbo loans.

Our purchased loans generally adhere to the following guidelines: (1) the loan is an owner-occupied one- to four-family
residential  real  estate  loan;  (2)  the  loan  does  not  provide  for  negative  amortization  of  principal,  such  as  “Option  Arm”  loans,
where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of
the loan; (3) the loan is not an “interest only” mortgage loan; (4) the maximum loan term is 30 years; (5) the loan has a loan-to-
value ratio up to a maximum of 90%, provided, however, that the loan-to-value ratio may exceed 90% as long as the borrower
obtains  private  mortgage  insurance;  and  (6)  the  borrower  has  a  maximum  debt-to-income  ratio  of  45%.  We  may,  at  our
discretion, decide not to purchase a loan based on the income level of the borrower, the appraisal or any other information that is
obtained  in  originating  the  loan.  We  do  not  purchase  any  “subprime  loans”  (loans  that  are  made  with  low  down-payments  to
borrowers  with  weakened  credit  histories  typically  characterized  by  payment  delinquencies,  previous  charge-offs,  judgments,
bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burden ratios) or
Alt-A loans (defined as loans having less than full documentation).

Our purchased adjustable-rate residential real estate loans have interest rates that are fixed for an initial period ranging
from one to 10 years. After the initial  fixed period, the interest  rate  on adjustable-rate  residential  real estate  loans is generally
reset  every  year  based  upon  a  contractual  spread  or  margin  above  the  average  yield  on  U.S.  Treasury  securities  or  LIBOR,
adjusted to a constant maturity of one year, as published weekly by the Federal Reserve Board, subject to periodic and lifetime
limitations on interest rate changes. All of our adjustable-rate residential real estate loans with initial

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fixed-rate periods of one, five, seven or 10 years have initial and periodic caps of 2% on interest rate changes, with a current cap
of 5% over the life of the loan.

Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit. We offer home equity loans and home equity lines of credit, both of which
are secured by either first mortgages or second mortgages on owner occupied, one- to four-family residences. At June 30, 2020,
outstanding home equity loans and equity lines of credit totaled $80.3 million, or 6.9% of total loans outstanding. At June 30,
2020, the unadvanced portion of home equity lines of credit totaled $46.5 million.

The  underwriting  standards  used  for  home  equity  loans  and  home  equity  lines  of  credit  include  a  title  review,  the
recordation of a lien, a determination of the applicant’s ability to satisfy existing debt obligations and payments on the proposed
loan, and the value of the collateral securing the loan. The loan-to-value ratio for our home equity loans and our lines of credit is
generally limited to 90% when combined with the first security lien, if applicable. Home equity loans are offered with fixed rates
of interest and with terms of up to 20 years. Our home equity lines of credit generally have 25-year terms and adjustable rates of
interest, subject to a contractual floor, which are indexed to The Wall Street Journal Prime Rate.

Home equity loans and lines of credit secured by junior mortgages have greater risk than one- to four-family residential
mortgage loans secured by first mortgages. At June 30, 2020, $30.1 million of our home equity loans and lines of credit were in a
junior  lien  position,  nearly  all  of  which  were  second  mortgages.  We  face  the  risk  that  the  collateral  will  be  insufficient  to
compensate us for loan losses and costs of foreclosure, after repayment of the senior mortgages, if applicable. When customers
default on their loans, we attempt to foreclose on the property and resell the property as soon as possible to minimize foreclosure
and carrying costs. However, the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to compensate us for the amount of the unpaid loan
and we may be unsuccessful in recovering the remaining balance from those customers.

Consumer Loans. We offer a limited range of consumer loans, principally to customers residing in our primary market
area with other relationships with us and with acceptable credit ratings. Our consumer loans primarily consist of personal loans to
the owners of certain commercial businesses who have commercial loans with us, and to a lesser extent, loans on automobiles
and overdraft accounts. At June 30, 2020, consumer loans were $30.9 million, or 2.6% of our total loan portfolio.

Consumer loans may entail greater risk than residential real estate loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that
are  unsecured  or  secured  by  assets  that  depreciate  rapidly,  such  as  motor  vehicles.  Repossessed  collateral  for  a  defaulted
consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment for the outstanding loan and a small remaining deficiency often
does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower. Consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s
continuing  financial  stability,  and  therefore  are  likely  to  be  adversely  affected  by  various  factors,  including  job  loss,  divorce,
illness  or  personal  bankruptcy.  Furthermore,  the  application  of  various  federal  and  state  laws,  including  federal  and  state
bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.

Originations, Purchases, Participations and Sales of Loans

Lending  activities  are  conducted  by  our  loan  personnel  operating  at  our  main  and  branch  office  locations.  We  also
obtain referrals from existing or past customers and from accountants, real estate brokers, builders and attorneys. All loans that
we originate or purchase are underwritten pursuant to our policies and procedures, which incorporate Fannie Mae underwriting
guidelines  to  the  extent  applicable  for  residential  loans.  We  originate  both  adjustable-rate  and  fixed-rate  loans.  Our  ability  to
originate fixed or adjustable-rate loans depends upon the relative customer demand for such loans, which is affected by current
market  interest  rates  as  well  as  anticipated  future  market  interest  rates.  Our  loan  origination  and  purchase  activity  may  be
adversely affected by a rising interest rate environment, which typically results in decreased loan demand.

We generally do not purchase whole loans from third parties other than the one- to four-family  residential  real estate
loans described above. However, we sell participations  in loans to other financial institutions in which we generally act as the
lead lender. Through our loan participations, we and the other participating lenders generally share ratably in cash flows and any
gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s noncompliance with the contractual terms of the loan.

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We  primarily  participate  in  commercial  real  estate  loans  (including  multi-family  real  estate  loans),  commercial  and  industrial
loans and commercial construction loans. From time to time, we may purchase participation interests in loans where we are not
the lead lender. We underwrite our participation interest in the loans that we purchase according to our own underwriting criteria
and procedures. At June 30, 2020, the outstanding balances of our loan participations where we are not the lead lender totaled
$49.4  million,  of  which  $20.1  million  were  commercial  or  multi-family  real  estate  loans,  $19.6  million  were  commercial  and
industrial loans and $9.7 million were commercial construction loans.

Loan Approval Procedures and Authority

Pursuant to New York law, the aggregate amount of loans that Pioneer Bank is permitted to make to any one borrower
or a group of related borrowers is generally limited to 15% of Pioneer Bank’s capital, surplus fund and undivided profits (25% if
the  amount  in  excess  of  15%  is  secured  by  “readily  marketable  collateral”).  At  June  30,  2020,  based  on  the  15%  limitation,
Pioneer Bank’s loans-to-one-borrower limit was approximately $27.8 million. On the same date, Pioneer Bank had no borrowers
with outstanding balances in excess of this amount.

Our  lending  is  subject  to  written  underwriting  standards  and  origination  procedures.  Decisions  on  residential  loan
applications are made on the basis of detailed applications submitted by the prospective borrower, credit histories that we obtain,
and property valuations (consistent with our appraisal policy) prepared by outside independent licensed appraisers approved by
our  board  of  directors  as  well  as  internal  evaluations,  where  permitted  by  regulations.  The  loan  applications  are  designed
primarily to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the requested loan, and the more significant items on the application are
verified through use of credit reports, bank statements and tax returns.

Purchases of residential real estate loans up to $750,000 from Homestead Funding Corp. must be approved by one of the
following officers: the President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Credit Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Administrative
Officer,  Retail  Lending  Officer  or  the  Retail  Loan  Servicing  Officer.  Purchases  of  residential  real  estate  loans  greater  than
$750,000 must be approved by our board loan committee, which is comprised of all of the members of the board of directors.

For commercial loans, loans in excess of the commercial officers’ lending limits require approval from our staff loan
committee, which is comprised of the President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Credit Officer, Chief
Banking  Officer,  Chief  Risk  Officer,  Commercial  Senior  Vice  Presidents,  Commercial  Vice  Presidents  and  Commercial  Loan
Officers.  The staff  loan committee  can  approve  individual  loans of  up to prescribed  limits,  depending  on the type  of the  loan.
Loans  in  excess  of  the  Staff  Loan  Committee’s  loan  approval  authority  require  the  approval  of  our  board  of  directors.
Specifically,  commercial  real  estate  loans  in  excess  of  $6.0  million,  commercial  lines  of  credit  in  excess  of  $2.0  million  and
commercial loans with a new customer relationship in excess of $1.0 million must be approved by our board of directors.

Certain loans that involve policy exceptions must be approved by our board of directors.

We require title insurance on our mortgage loans as well as fire and extended coverage casualty insurance in amounts at

least equal to the principal amount of the loan or the value of improvements on the property, depending on the type of loan.

Delinquencies and Asset Quality

Delinquency Procedures. System-generated late notices are mailed to a borrower after the late payment “grace period,”
which is 15 days in the case of all loans secured by residential or commercial real estate and 15 days in the case of commercial
and industrial and most consumer loans. A second notice will be mailed to a borrower if the loan remains past due after 30 days,
and we attempt to contact the borrower and develop a plan of repayment. By the 90th day of delinquency, we will issue a pre-
foreclosure  notice  that  will  require  the  borrower  to  bring  the  loan  current  within  30  days  in  order  to  avoid  the  beginning  of
foreclosure  proceedings  for  loans  secured  by  residential  real  estate.  Commercial  real  estate,  commercial  and  industrial,
commercial construction and consumer loans are managed on a loan by loan basis. Decisions to send a demand notice are based
on conversations with the borrower to address the delinquency issues. A report of all loans 30 days or more past due is provided
to the board of directors monthly.

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Loans Past Due and Non-Performing Assets. Loans  are  reviewed  on a  regular  basis. Management  determines  that  a
loan is impaired or non-performing when it is probable that at least a portion of the loan will not be collected in accordance with
the original terms due to a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or the value of the underlying collateral if the
loan is collateral dependent. When a loan is determined to be impaired, the measurement of the loan in the allowance for loan
losses  is  based  on  the  present  value  of  expected  future  cash  flows, except  that  all  collateral-dependent loans  are  measured  for
impairment  based  on  the  fair  value  of  the  collateral.  Non-accrual  loans  are  loans  for  which  collectability  is  questionable  and,
therefore,  interest  on  such  loans  will  no  longer  be  recognized  on  an  accrual  basis.  All  loans  that  become  90  days  or  more
delinquent are placed on non-accrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. When loans are placed
on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received on a
cash basis or cost recovery method.

When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as real estate owned. The real estate
owned is recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair market value, less estimated costs to sell. Any excess of the recorded
value of the loan over the fair market value of the property is charged against the allowance for loan losses, or, if the existing
allowance is inadequate, charged to expense in the current period. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property
are  expensed.  Costs  relating  to  the  development  and  improvement  of  the  property,  however,  are  capitalized  to  the  extent  of
estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell.

A loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring if, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial
difficulties, we grant a concession to the borrower that we would not otherwise consider. This usually includes a modification of
loan terms, such as a reduction of the interest rate to below market terms, capitalizing past due interest or extending the maturity
date  and  possibly  a  partial  forgiveness  of  the  principal  amount  due.  Interest  income  on  restructured  loans  is  accrued  after  the
borrower  demonstrates  the  ability  to  pay  under  the  restructured  terms  through  a  sustained  period  of  repayment  performance,
which is generally six consecutive months. Refer to the Loan Deferrals Related to COVID-19 Pandemic section on page 17.

Delinquent  Loans.  The  following  tables  set  forth  our  loan  delinquencies,  including  non-accrual  loans,  by  type  and

amount at the dates indicated.

At June 30,
2019
60‑‑89
90 Days
or More
Days
     Past Due      Past Due      Past Due     Past Due    Past Due     Past Due      Past Due      Past Due      Past Due

2020
60‑‑89
Days

2018
60‑‑89
Days

90 Days
or More

90 Days
or More

30‑‑59
Days

30‑‑59
Days

30‑‑59
Days

Commercial:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction

One- to four-family
residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines
of credit
Consumer
Total

$

 23
 —  
 —  

$  211
 26
 —  

$  2,270
 1,551
 1,319

(In thousands)

$

$
 3
 —  
 —  

 — $  5,490
 —  
 42
 1,377
 —  

$  634
   1,346
 205

$

 21
 45
 —  

$  2,083
 659
 —

   2,666

   1,272

 3,505

 156

 217

 2,699

 716

 781

 4,696

   1,217
 39
$  3,945

   1,259
 4
$  2,772

 1,383
 12
$  10,040

 476
 5
$  640

14

 318
 —  

 988
 19
$  10,615

$  535

 205
 7
$  3,113

 385
 1
$  1,233

 1,183
 24
$  8,645

 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

Commercial:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction

One- to four-family residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer
Total

At June 30,

2017
60‑‑89
Days

2016
60‑‑89
Days

30‑‑59
Days

90 Days
or More
     Past Due      Past Due      Past Due      Past Due      Past Due      Past Due

90 Days
or More

30‑‑59
Days

(In thousands)

$

 476
 61
 —  

 1,080
 462
 101
$  2,180

$  2,135

 —  
 —  
 399
 58
 100
$  2,692

$

$  2,599
 7
 —  

$
 256
 —  
 —  

 3,908
 1,028
 354
$  7,896

 1,188
 205
 314
$  1,963

$

 535
 5
 —  
 7
 212
 144
 903

$  1,480
 59
 —
 3,270
 1,192
 300
$  6,301

Loans that were 30-59 days past due totaled $3.9 million at June 30, 2020, representing an increase from $640,000 at
June 30, 2019 and loans that were 60-89 days past due totaled $2.8 million at June 30, 2020, an increase from $535,000 at June
30, 2019. Increases in the 30-59 and 60-89 day past due categories were primarily one-to four family residential real estate and
home equity loans and lines of credit and were related to borrowers affected by COVID-19 who did not request loan deferment as
of June 30, 2020

Non-Performing Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates
indicated.  Non-accrual  loans  include  non-accruing  troubled  debt  restructurings  of  zero,  $185,000,  $235,000,  $2.1  million  and,
$768,000 as of June 30, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

     2020     

2019     

At June 30,
2018     

2017     

2016

(Dollars in thousands)

Non-accrual loans:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction
One- to four-family residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer

Total non-accrual loans

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction
One- to four-family residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer

Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more

Real estate owned:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction
One- to four-family residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer

Total real estate owned

$  3,364
 95
 1,319
 4,807
 1,865
 210
   11,660

$  5,618
 42
 1,377
 4,028
 1,497

$  2,236
 705

$  2,375
 3

 —  

 3,834
 970

 —  

 3,325
 899
 —  

$  1,386
 59
 —
 2,874
 955
 —
 5,274

 —  

 —  

   12,562

 7,745

 6,602

 143
 1,455

 —  
 —  
 —  
 12
 1,610

 99
 —  
 —  
 161
 —  
 —  
 260

 58
 —  
 —  
 —  
 41
 19
 118

 —  
 —  
 —  
 158
 —  
 —  
 158

 180

 —  
 —  

 1,232
 330
 24
 1,766

 225
 4

 —  
 583
 129
 354
 1,295

 95
 —
 —
 395
 237
 300
 1,027

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 72
 —  
 72

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

Total non-performing assets

$ 13,530

$ 12,838

$  9,583

$  7,897

$  6,301

Total accruing troubled debt restructured loans

$  2,200

$

 — $

 — $

 — $  1,418

Total non-performing loans to total loans
Total non-performing assets to total assets

 1.13 %   
 0.89 %   

 1.19 %   
 0.87 %   

 0.95 %   
 0.75 %   

 0.84 %   
 0.70 %   

 0.79 %
 0.63 %

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For the year ended June 30, 2020, gross interest income that would have been recorded had our non-accruing loans been
current  in  accordance  with  their  original  terms  was  $639,000.  Interest  income  recognized  on  such  loans  for  the  year  ended
June 30, 2020 was $228,000.

During the year ended June 30, 2020, non-accrual loans decreased primarily with respect to one commercial real estate
loan  totaling  $3.2  million  paying  off,  partially  offset  by  an  increase  in  other  commercial  real  estate  loans  of  $1.2  million,  an
increase in one-to four-family residential real estate loans totaling $779,000 and an increase in home equity loans and lines of
credit totaling $368,000. At June 30, 2020, accruing commercial and industrial loans past due 90 days or more increased to $1.5
million from none at June 30, 2019 and was related to one loan that paid off in full subsequent to June 30, 2020.

Loan Deferrals Related to COVID-19 Pandemic.  The COVID-19 pandemic has created economic uncertainty resulting

in increased unemployment as well as the mandated closure of nonessential businesses.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), in addition to providing financial assistance
to both businesses and consumers, creates a forbearance program for federally-backed mortgage loans, protects borrowers from
negative credit reporting due to loan accommodations related to the national emergency, and provides financial institutions the
option  to  temporarily  suspend  certain  requirements  under  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of
America (“GAAP”) related to troubled debt restructurings for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19.
The Federal and New York State banking regulatory agencies have likewise issued guidance encouraging financial institutions to
work prudently with borrowers who are, or may be, unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of
COVID-19. That guidance, with concurrence of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and provisions of the CARES Act
allow modifications  made on a good faith  basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers  who were  generally  current  with their
payments prior to any relief, to not be treated as troubled debt restructurings. Modifications may include payment deferrals, fee
waivers,  extensions  of  repayment  term,  or  other  delays  in  payment.  The  Company  has  worked  with  its  customers  affected  by
COVID-19  and  accommodated  a  significant  amount  of  loan  modifications  across  its  loan  portfolios.  The  Company  anticipates
that the number and amount of these modifications will decrease in the first fiscal quarter of 2021. To the extent that additional
modifications  meet  the  criteria  previously  described,  such  modifications  are  not  expected  to  be  classified  as  troubled  debt
restructurings.

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Table of Contents

In the table below, the commercial loan portfolio is presented by industry sector with loan deferrals as the result of the
COVID-19  pandemic.  In  accordance  with  the  CARES  Act,  the  deferrals  listed  below  are  not  considered  troubled  debt
restructurings.  The commercial loan industry sector balances are as of June 30, 2020 and deferrals are as of June 30, 2020 and
September 22, 2020.

Loans by Industry Sector

Deferrals as of June 30, 2020

Deferrals as of September 22, 2020

Percentage of
June 30, 2020 Commercial

Balance

Loans

Balance

Percentage of
Commercial
Loans

Balance

Percentage of
Commercial
Loans

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial Loans:

Real estate
 Residential real estate, 
including lessors of 
residential buildings
 Non-residential real 
estate
 Office 
 Retail
 Industrial 
 Self-storage
 Mixed use
 Other real estate
 Total real estate
Construction
Accommodation and
food service
Retail trade
Wholesale trade
Finance and insurance
Healthcare and social
assistance
Manufacturing
Arts, entertainment
and recreation
Other
 Total commercial 
loans

$

 135,298

17.4 %

$

 58,560

7.4 %

$

 1,255

0.2 %

 61,409
 76,889
 25,927
 6,913
 26,427
 31,103
 363,966
 123,466

 65,876
 38,395
 27,884
 21,919

 26,083
 25,895

 13,739
 72,257

7.9 %
9.9 %
3.3 %
0.9 %
3.4 %
4.0 %
46.8 %
15.7 %

8.5 %
4.9 %
3.6 %
2.8 %

3.3 %
3.3 %

1.8 %
9.3 %

 9,106
 17,631
 1,109
 402
 10,045
 5,609
 102,462
 9,580

 33,599
 744
 520
 236

 6,434
 3,202

 5,700
 7,794

1.2 %
2.3 %
0.1 %
0.1 %
1.3 %
0.7 %
13.1 %
1.2 %

4.3 %
0.1 %
0.1 %
0.0 %

0.9 %
0.4 %

0.7 %
1.0 %

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 513
 1,768
 —

 21,841
 —
 —
 —

 —
 1,061

 346
 —

$

 779,480

100.0 %

$

 170,271

21.8 %

$

 25,016

0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.1 %
0.3 %
0.0 %

2.8 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %

0.0 %
0.1 %

0.0 %
0.0 %

3.2 %

In the table below, the residential mortgage, home equity loans and lines, and consumer loan portfolios are presented
with loan deferrals as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In accordance with the CARES Act, the deferrals listed below are
not considered troubled debt restructurings.  The loan portfolio balances are as of June 30, 2020 and deferrals are as of June 30,
2020 and September 22, 2020:

Loans by Portfolio
June 30, 2020
Balance

Residential mortgages

$

 279,960

$

Deferrals as of June 30, 2020
Percentage of
Loan Category
(Dollars in thousands)
8.3 %

 23,243

Balance

$

Home equity loans and lines
Consumer

 80,345
 30,860

 1,390
 2,737

1.7 %
8.9 %

Deferrals as of September 22, 2020

Balance

Percentage of
Loan Category

 5,492

 95
 1,228

2.0 %

0.1 %
4.0 %

On June 17, 2020, the New York legislature passed, and Governor Cuomo signed, new legislation which allows certain

borrowers to seek forbearance on residential mortgage loans (including home equity loans) if financial hardship is

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demonstrated as a result of COVID-19 for up to 180 days with an option for an additional 180 days. The Company anticipates
that this new law could increase the amount of residential forbearances in future periods.

Classified Assets. Federal  regulations  provide  for the classification  of loans and other assets,  such as debt and equity
securities considered to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.”  An asset is considered “substandard” if it is
inadequately  protected  by  the  current  net  worth  and  paying  capacity  of  the  obligor  or  of  the  collateral  pledged,  if  any.
“Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss”
if  the  deficiencies  are  not  corrected.  Assets  classified  as  “doubtful”  have  all  of  the  weaknesses  inherent  in  those  classified
“substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of
currently  existing  facts,  conditions,  and  values,  “highly  questionable  and  improbable.”    Assets  classified  as  “loss”  are  those
considered  “uncollectible”  and  of  such  little  value  that  their  continuance  as  assets  without  the  establishment  of  a  specific  loss
allowance is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification
in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention.”

When  an  insured  institution  classifies  problem  assets  as  either  substandard  or  doubtful,  it  may  establish  general
allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss
allowances  which  have  been  established  to  cover  probable  accrued  losses  associated  with  lending  activities,  but  which,  unlike
specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as
“loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to
charge-off  such  amount.  An  institution’s  determination  as  to  the  classification  of  its  assets  and  the  amount  of  its  valuation
allowances  is  subject  to  review  by  the  regulatory  authorities,  which  may  require  the  establishment  of  additional  general  or
specific loss allowances.

The following table sets forth our amounts of all classified loans and loans designated as special mention as of June 30,

2020, 2019 and 2018. The classified loans total at June 30, 2020 includes $11.7 million of non-performing loans.

2020

At June 30,
2019
(In thousands)

2018

Classification of Loans:
Substandard
Doubtful
Loss

Total Classified Loans

Special Mention

$  31,234
 53
 —  

$  16,517

 —  
 —  

$  31,287
$  6,499

$  16,517
$  2,666

$  10,016
 659
 —
$  10,675
$  3,330

Total  classified  loans  increased  $14.8  million  from  $16.5  million  at  June  30,  2019  to  $31.3  million  at  June  30,  2020
primarily with respect to an increase in substandard loans consisting of a loan relationship mainly consisting of commercial real
estate loans totaling $8.6 million, a loan relationship mainly consisting of commercial real estate loans totaling $5.3 million, a
loan  relationship  including  two  commercial  and  industrial  loans  of  $1.3 million,  a  loan  relationship  including  two commercial
real estate loans totaling $1.2 million and a loan relationship including one commercial and industrial loan totaling $1.0 million.

Total special mention loans increased $3.8 million from $2.7 million at June 30, 2019 to $6.5 million at June 30, 2020
primarily with respect to two commercial  and industrial loan relationships totaling $3.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively,
partially offset by one loan relationship including two commercial real estate loans totaling $1.2 million migrated to substandard.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level which, in management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb probable
credit  losses  inherent  in  the  loan  portfolio.  The  amount  of  the  allowance  is  based  on  management’s  evaluation  of  the
collectability of the loan portfolio, including the nature of the portfolio, credit concentrations, trends in historical loss

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experience, specific impaired loans, and economic conditions. Allowances for loans that are individually classified as impaired
are  generally  determined  based  on  collateral  values  or  the  present  value  of  estimated  cash  flows.  Because  of  uncertainties
associated  with  collateral  values,  future  cash  flows  on  impaired  loans,  and  national  and  regional  economic  conditions  it  is
reasonably possible that management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio and the related allowance
may change materially in the near-term. The allowance is increased by a provision for loan losses, which is charged to expense
and reduced by full and partial charge-offs, net of recoveries. Changes in the allowance relating to impaired loans are charged or
credited to the provision for loan losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on various
factors, including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, current economic conditions, delinquency statistics, geographic
and industry concentrations, the adequacy of the underlying collateral, the financial strength of the borrower, results of internal
loan reviews and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses.

In  addition,  the  NYSDFS  and  the  FDIC  periodically  review  our  allowance  for  loan  losses  and  as  a  result  of  such

reviews, we may have to materially adjust our allowance for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs.

The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for loan losses for the years indicated.

Allowance at beginning of year
Provision for loan losses

Charge offs:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction
One- to four-family residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer

Total charge-offs

Recoveries:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction
One- to four-family residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer

Total recoveries

Net charge-offs

2020

$  14,499
   22,590

At or for the Years Ended June 30,
2017
2018
2019
(Dollars in thousands)
$  11,820
 1,970

$  9,794
 2,395

$  13,510
 2,350

2016

$  9,011
 1,180

 —  

 —  

   15,805

 1,086

 —  
 19
 —  
 162
 15,986

 —  
 85
 47
 179
 1,397

 —  

 1,707

 —  
 —  
 1
 40
 1,748

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 36
 36

 121
 53
 —  
 —  
 17
 152
 343

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 3
 60
 63

 —  
 38
 —  
 148
 104
 165
 455

 —  
 5
 —  
 —  
 15
 66
 86

   14,238

 1,361

 280

 369

 —
 169
 —
 118
 57
 160
 504

 10
 5
 —
 —
 14
 78
 107

 397

Allowance at end of year

$  22,851

$  14,499

$  13,510

$  11,820

$  9,794

Allowance to non-performing loans
Allowance to total loans outstanding at the end of the year
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the year

   172.20 %     114.35 %   
 1.36 %   
 0.13 %   

 1.95 %   
 1.30 %   

 142.05 %   
 1.35 %   
 0.03 %   

 149.68 %   
 1.25 %   
 0.04 %   

 155.44 %
 1.23 %
 0.05 %

During the year ended June 30, 2020, our total charge-offs of $16.0 million included a $15.8 million charge-off related
to  the  entire  principal  balance  owed  to  the  Bank  related  to  the  Mann  Entities’  commercial  loan  relationships  which  were
recognized in the first fiscal quarter of 2020. The year ended June 30, 2020 also included a partial recovery in the

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amount of $1.7 million related to the charge-off of the Mann Entities’ commercial loan relationships which was recognized in the
third fiscal quarter of 2020. We increased the provision for loan losses by $15.8 million to reflect the net charge-off of the Mann
Entities’ commercial loan relationships during fiscal 2020. In addition, the year ended June 30, 2020 included increased provision
for loan losses due to an increase in our qualitative loss reserve factors relating to local, national, and global economic conditions
which have experienced significant deterioration beginning late in the third fiscal quarter of 2020 and continuing into the fourth
fiscal quarter of 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Due to the adverse economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
on our market area and our customers, the Company expects that its provision for loan losses will be elevated in the first fiscal
quarter of 2021 and potentially beyond.

At June 30, 2020, the allowance for loan losses included specific reserves totaling $929,000, including $904,000 for two
commercial and industrial loan relationships classified as impaired and $25,000 for one commercial real estate loan classified as
impaired.

Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses. The following tables set forth the allowance for loan losses allocated by loan
category and the percent of the allowance in each category to the total allocated allowance at the dates indicated. The allowance
for  loan  losses  allocated  to  each  category  is  not  necessarily  indicative  of  future  losses  in  any  particular  category  and  does  not
restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.

2020

     Percent of     
Allowance
in Category
to Total
Allocated

Percent of
Loans in
Each
Category to

Allowance
for Loan
     Losses

Allowance
for Loan
     Allowance      Total Loans      Losses

At June 30,
2019

     Percent of     
Allowance
in Category
to Total
Allocated

Percent of
Loans in
Each
Category to

     Allowance      Total Loans     
(Dollars in thousands)

Allowance
for Loan
Losses

2018

     Percent of     
Allowance
in Category
to Total
Allocated

Each
Category to  
     Allowance      Total Loans  

Percent of
Loans in  

Commercial:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction

One- to four-family residential real
estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer
Total

$  10,549  
 4,885  
 2,136  

 3,484  
 1,303  
 494  
$  22,851  

 46.2 %  
 21.4 %  
 9.3 %  

 15.2 %  
 5.7 %  
 2.2 %  
 100.0 %  

 38.5 %  $
 20.3 %   
 7.8 %   

 6,440  
 3,293  
 1,324  

 23.9 %   
 6.9 %   
 2.6 %   

 2,360  
 813  
 269  
 100.0 %  $  14,499  

 44.4 %  
 22.7 %  
 9.1 %  

 16.3 %  
 5.6 %  
 1.9 %  
 100.0 %  

 38.4 %  $
 17.6 %   
 7.7 %   

 5,254  
 3,977  
 1,183  

 26.7 %   
 7.5 %   
 2.1 %   
 100.0 %  $

 2,166  
 770  
 160  
 13,510  

 38.8 %  
 29.5 %  
 8.8 %  

 16.0 %  
 5.7 %  
 1.2 %  
 100.0 %  

 37.7 %
 19.5 %
 8.5 %

 25.0 %
 7.8 %
 1.5 %
 100.0 %

2017

At June 30,

Percent of
Allowance
in Category
to Total
Allocated

Percent of
Loans in
Category to

Allowance
for Loan
     Allowance      Total Loans      Losses
(Dollars in thousands)

2016

Percent of
Allowance
in Category
to Total
Allocated

Percent of  
Loans in  
Category to  
     Allowance      Total Loans 

Allowance
for Loan
     Losses

Commercial:

Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Commercial construction

One- to four-family residential real estate
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Consumer
Total

$

 5,978  
 2,565  
 963  
 1,427  
 740  
 147  
$  11,820  

 50.6 %  
 21.7 %  
 8.1 %  
 12.1 %  
 6.3 %  
 1.2 %  
 100.0 %  

 42.3 %  $
 19.1 %   
 7.2 %   
 21.5 %   
 8.1 %   
 1.9 %   
 100.0 %  $

 4,468  
 1,795  
 1,374  
 1,390  
 625  
 142  
 9,794  

 45.6 %  
 18.3 %  
 14.0 %  
 14.2 %  
 6.4 %  
 1.5 %  
 100.0 %  

 36.8 %
 15.5 %
 12.1 %
 24.8 %
 8.7 %
 2.2 %
 100.0 %

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Investment Activities

General.  Our  board  of  directors  is  responsible  for  approving  and  overseeing  our  investment  policy.  The  investment
policy is reviewed at least annually by the board of directors. This policy dictates that investment decisions be made based on the
safety of the investment, liquidity requirements, potential returns and consistency with our interest rate risk management strategy.
Authorized officers, as selected by the board of directors, oversee our investing activities and strategies. The authorized officers
include our President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Vice President, Controller.

Our  current  investment  policy  authorizes  us  to  invest  in  various  types  of  investment  securities  and  liquid  assets,
including  U.S.  Treasury  obligations,  securities  of  various  government-sponsored  enterprises,  residential  mortgage-backed
securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, municipal securities, deposits at the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York,
corporate debt securities (limited to no more than 5% of total assets and no more than 15% of our capital in any single issuer),
common  or  preferred  stock  of  a  company  trading  on  the  Standard  &  Poor’s  500  Composite  Index  or  if  the  company  has  $5.0
billion or greater in capitalization (limited to no more than 15% of our capital) and common stock of a company with over $2.0
billion, but less than $5.0 billion, in capitalization (limited to less than 10% of our investment portfolio). We do not engage in any
investment hedging activities or trading activities, nor do we purchase any high-risk mortgage derivative products, corporate junk
bonds, and certain types of structured notes.

Debt securities investment accounting guidance requires that, at the time of purchase, we designate a debt security as

held to maturity, available for sale, or trading, depending on our ability and intent.

U.S. Governmental Securities. We maintain these investments, to the extent appropriate, for liquidity purposes, at zero
risk  weighting  for  capital  purposes  and  as  collateral  for  borrowings.  At  June  30,  2020,  U.S.  Government  securities  consisted
primarily of U.S. Treasury securities.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. We invest in fixed rate collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) issued by
Ginnie  Mae,  Freddie  Mac  or  Fannie  Mae.  A  CMO  is  a  type  of  mortgage-backed  security  that  creates  separate  pools  of  pass-
through rates for different classes of bondholders with varying maturities, called tranches. The repayments from the pool of pass-
through securities are used to retire the bonds in the order specified by the bonds’ prospectus.

Ginnie Mae is a government agency within the Department of Housing and Urban Development and is intended to help
finance  government-assisted  housing  programs.  Ginnie  Mae  securities  are  backed  by  loans  insured  by  the  Federal  Housing
Administration,  or  guaranteed  by  the  Veterans  Administration.  The  timely  payment  of  principal  and  interest  on  Ginnie  Mae
securities is guaranteed by Ginnie Mae and backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Freddie Mac is a private
corporation chartered by the U.S. Government. Freddie Mac issues participation certificates backed principally by conventional
mortgage  loans.  Freddie  Mac  guarantees  the  timely  payment  of  interest  and  the  ultimate  return  of  principal  on  participation
certificates.  Fannie  Mae  is  a  private  corporation  chartered  by  the  U.S.  government  with  a  mandate  to  establish  a  secondary
market for mortgage loans. Fannie Mae guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on Fannie Mae securities.

Municipal Securities. We invest in fixed-rate investment grade bonds issued primarily by municipalities in the State of

New York.

Corporate Debt Securities. We invest in corporate debt securities issued primarily by companies in the financial sector.

Mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities. We invest in mortgage-backed securities insured or guaranteed by

Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae and in other asset backed securities.

Equity Securities. Equity securities are comprised of both common and preferred stock of companies in the financial,

energy, health care, information technology, consumer cyclicals, industrials, materials and utility sectors.

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The following tables set forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our securities portfolio (excluding Federal

Home Loan Bank of New York common stock) at the dates indicated.

At June 30,
2019
Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated
    Fair Value

    Fair Value     Cost

    Fair Value     Cost

2020

2018

     Cost

(In thousands)

Securities available for sale:
U.S. Government and agency
obligations
Mortgage-backed securities
Asset-backed securities
Collateralized mortgage obligations
Municipal obligations

Total

$  61,299
 78
 65
 430
 13,381
$  75,253

$  61,511
 78
 110
 684
 13,385
$  75,768

$  70,706
 109
 75
 525
 14,666
$  86,081

$  70,867
 112
 128
 889
 14,699
$  86,695

$  58,743
 146
 115
 692
 19,264
$  78,960

$  58,558
 150
 162
 1,079
 19,263
$  79,212

At June 30,
2019
Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated
    Fair Value

    Fair Value     Cost

    Fair Value     Cost

2020

2018

     Cost

Securities held to maturity:
Municipal obligations
Corporate debt securities

Total

$

$

 4,822
 2,000
 6,822

$

$

 4,917
 2,000
 6,917

$

$

 3,873
 —
 3,873

$

$

 3,887
 —
 3,887

$

$

 5,297
 —
 5,297

$

$

 5,326
 —
 5,326

(In thousands)

2020

At June 30,

2019

2018

Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated

Cost

    Fair Value     Cost

    Fair Value     Cost

    Fair Value

(In thousands)

$

$

 6,007

 2,807
 8,814

 5,056

 3,477
 8,533

$
$

 6,007

 2,807
 8,814

 5,040

 3,618
 8,658

 6,007

 2,541
 8,548

$
$

$
$

$
$

 5,749

 3,102
 8,851

$
$

Equity Securities:

Preferred stock

Common stock

Total

Portfolio  Maturities and Yields. The  composition  and  maturities  of  the  debt  securities  portfolio  at  June  30,  2020  are
summarized in the following tables. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the effect of
scheduled principal repayments, prepayments, or early redemptions that may occur.

One Year or Less

More than One Year
through Five Years

More than Five Years
through Ten Years

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Average
     Yield     

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Average
     Yield     

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Average
     Yield     
(Dollars in thousands)

More than Ten Years
Weighted
Average
     Yield     

Amortized
Cost

Total

Amortized
Cost

Weighted  
Average  
     Fair Value      Yield  

Securities available for sale:
U.S. Government and agency obligations
Mortgage-backed securities
Asset-backed securities
Collateralized mortgage obligations
Municipal obligations

Total

$

$

 46,016  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 10,381  
 56,397  

 — %   
 — %   
 — %   
 1.23 %   

 1.63 %  $  15,283  
 3  
 —  
 —  
 3,000  
$  18,286  

 0.18 %  $
 4.08 %   
 — %   
 — %   
 0.73 %   
$

 —  
 37  
 —  
 5  
 —  
 42  

 — %  $
 2.85 %   
 — %   
 2.64 %   
 — %   
$

 —  
 38  
 65  
 425  
 —  
 528  

 — %  $
 2.98 %   
 3.37 %   
 4.18 %   
 — %   
$

 61,299
 78
 65
 430
 13,381
 75,253

$

$

 61,511  
 78  
 110  
 684  
 13,385  
 75,768  

 1.27 %
 2.96 %
 3.37 %
 4.16 %
 1.12 %

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Securities held to maturity:
Municipal obligations
Corporate debt securities

Total

Sources of Funds

One Year or Less

More than One Year
through Five Years

More than Five Years
through Ten Years

Amortized

     Cost

Weighted
Average
     Yield     

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Average
     Yield     

Amortized
Cost

Weighted
Average
     Yield     
(Dollars in thousands)

More than Ten Years
Weighted
Average
     Yield     

Amortized
Cost

Total

Amortized
Cost

Weighted  
Average  
     Fair Value      Yield  

$

$

 3,636  
 —
 3,636  

 2.34 %  $
 — %

$

 1,076  
 —
 1,076  

 2.38 %  $
 — %

$

 110  

 2,000
 2,110  

 5.49 %  $
 5.50 %

$

 —  
 —
 —  

 — % $
 — %

$

 4,822
 2,000
 6,822

$

$

 4,917  
 2,000
 6,917  

 2.42 %
 5.50 %

General. Deposits  have  traditionally  been  our  primary  source  of  funds  for  our  lending  and  investment  activities.  We
also  use  borrowings,  primarily  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  New  York  advances,  to  supplement  cash  flows,  as  needed.  In
addition, funds are derived from scheduled loan payments, investment maturities, loan sales, loan prepayments, retained earnings
and income on interest earning assets. While scheduled loan payments and income on interest earning assets are relatively stable
sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions
and levels of competition.

Deposit Accounts. The substantial majority of our deposits are from depositors who reside in our primary market area.
We access deposit customers by offering a broad selection of deposit instruments for individuals, businesses and municipalities.
We generally request commercial business borrowers to maintain their primary deposit accounts with us. At June 30, 2020, we
had  no  brokered  deposits,  but  our  policy  permits  us  to  access  such  funds  if  additional  liquidity  is  necessary.  We  offer  deposit
accounts to municipalities through our limited purpose subsidiary, Pioneer Commercial Bank, at June 30, 2020, we held $267.3
million  in  municipal  deposits,  which  represented  21.0%  of  our  deposits.  We  have  developed  a  program  for  the  retention  and
management of municipal deposits. These deposits are from local government entities such as towns, cities, school districts and
other  municipalities.  We  generally  solicit  their  operating  and  savings  accounts  and  not  time-based  deposits.  Municipal  deposit
accounts  are  collateralized  by  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  New  York  letters  of  credit  and  by  eligible  government  and
government agency securities and municipal obligations. We believe that municipal deposits provide a low cost and stable source
of funds and we intend to continue to solicit these types of funds.

Deposit  account  terms  vary  according  to  the  minimum  balance  required,  the  time  period  that  funds  must  remain  on
deposit, and the interest rate, among other factors. In determining the terms of our deposit accounts, we consider the rates offered
by our competition, our liquidity needs, profitability, and customer preferences and concerns. We generally review our deposit
pricing  on  a  monthly  basis  and  continually  review  our  deposit  mix.  Our  deposit  pricing  strategy  has  generally  been  to  offer
competitive  rates,  but  generally  not  the  highest  rates  offered  in  the  market,  and  to  periodically  offer  special  rates  to  attract
deposits of a specific type or with a specific term.

The  flow  of  deposits  is  influenced  significantly  by  general  economic  conditions,  changes  in  money  market  and  other
prevailing interest rates and competition. The variety of deposit accounts offered allows us to be competitive in obtaining funds
and  responding  to  changes  in  consumer  demand.  Based  on  experience,  we  believe  that  our  deposits  are  relatively  stable.
However,  the  ability  to  attract  and  maintain  deposits  and  the  rates  paid  on  these  deposits,  has  been  and  will  continue  to  be
significantly affected by market conditions.

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The following tables set forth the distribution of total deposits by account type at the dates indicated.

2020

At June 30,
2019

2018

Amount

Percent

     Average    
Rate

Amount

Percent

     Average  
Rate

  Amount

Percent

     Average 
Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

$  437,536  
 110,711  
 258,581  
 343,763  
 119,559  
$ 1,270,150  

 34.4 %  
 8.7 %  
 20.4 %  
 27.1 %  
 9.4 %  
 100.0 %  

 — $  357,523  
 220,546  
 0.13 %   
 250,856  
 0.05 %   
 371,828  
 0.27 %   
 1.61 %   
 130,565  
 0.25 %  $ 1,331,318  

 26.9 %  
 16.6 %  
 18.8 %  
 27.9 %  
 9.8 %  
 100.0 %  

 — $  345,048  
 97,191  
 0.17 % 
 244,050  
 0.05 % 
 334,884  
 0.59 % 
 1.77 % 
 129,089  
 0.38 %$ 1,150,262  

 30.0 %  
 8.4 %  
 21.2 %  
 29.1 %  
 11.2 %  
 100.0 %  

 —
 0.31 %
 0.05 %
 0.43 %
 1.29 %
 0.31 %

Non-interest-bearing demand
accounts
Demand accounts
Savings accounts
Money market accounts
Certificates of deposit

Total

As of June 30, 2020, the aggregate amount of all our certificates of deposit in amounts greater than or equal to $100,000

was approximately $57.1 million. The following table sets forth the maturity of these certificates as of June 30, 2020.

Maturity Period:

Three months or less
Over three through six months
Over six through twelve months
Over twelve months

Total

At
June 30, 2020
(In thousands)

$

$

 15,814
 11,174
 13,832
 16,243
 57,063

Borrowings. Our borrowings consist of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York. At June 30, 2020,
the Company pledged approximately $449.5 million of residential mortgage, home equity and commercial loans as collateral for
borrowings and stand-by letters of credit at the FHLBNY. At June 30, 2020, the maximum amount of funding available from the
FHLBNY was $375.9 million, of which none was utilized for borrowings and $222.5 million was utilized for irrevocable stand-
by letters of credit issued to secure municipal deposits, resulting in $153.4 million of available borrowing capacity.

The  following  table  sets  forth  information  concerning  balances  and  interest  rates  on  our  borrowings  at  and  for  the

periods shown:

Balance outstanding at end of period
Weighted average interest rate at the end of period
Maximum amount of borrowings outstanding at any month end
during the period
Average balance outstanding during the period
Weighted average interest rate during the period

Subsidiaries

At or For the Year Ended June 30,
2018
2019
2020
(Dollars in thousands)

  $

 — $
 — %   

 — $
 — %   

 —
 — %

$  20,000
$  4,433

 0.68 %   

$  30,000
$  4,027

$  5,000
 151
$
 1.32 %
 2.66 %   

Pioneer  Commercial  Bank.  Pioneer  Commercial  Bank  is  a  New  York-chartered  limited-purpose  commercial  bank
wholly  owned  by  Pioneer  Bank.  Pioneer  Bank  incorporated  Pioneer  Commercial  Bank  in  October  2004  in  order  to  be  able  to
accept municipal deposits. New York State law prohibits a savings bank from soliciting and servicing public funds (deposits of
counties,  cities,  towns,  school  districts,  etc.).  The  limited-purpose  commercial  bank  subsidiary  has  enabled  us  to  establish
banking relationships with municipalities and other public entities throughout our market area. At

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June 30, 2020, Pioneer Commercial Bank had $303.7 million in assets, consisting primarily of cash and municipal obligations.
Pioneer Commercial Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation by the NYSDFS, as its chartering authority, and by the FDIC.
All disclosures in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to Pioneer Bank’s consolidated investments and deposits include the
investments and deposits that are held by Pioneer Commercial Bank.

Anchor Agency, Inc. In 2016, Pioneer Bank acquired Anchor Agency, Inc., a New York corporation and wholly-owned
subsidiary  of  Pioneer  Bank,  which  is  a  full-service  insurance  agency  offering  personal  and  commercial  insurance,  including
homeowners,  automobile  and  comprehensive  business  insurance.  Anchor  Agency,  Inc.  works  with  major  national  insurance
companies  as  well  as  specialty  markets.  Anchor  Agency,  Inc.  also  offers  employee  benefits  products  and  consulting  services
under  the  name  Pioneer  Benefits  Consulting,  including  group  health,  dental,  disability  and  life  insurance  products  and  defined
contribution and defined benefit administration  and human resource management services. Anchor Agency, Inc. operates from
Pioneer  Bank’s  headquarters  in  Albany,  New  York.  Expansion  into  the  insurance  and  employee  benefit  services  business  has
enabled  Pioneer  Bank  to  evolve  from  a  traditional  depository  institution  into  a  full-service  financial  services  organization.  All
disclosures  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  relating  to  Pioneer  Bank  are  consolidated  to  include  the  activities  of  Anchor
Agency, Inc.

Pioneer  Financial  Services,  Inc.  Pioneer  Financial  Services,  Inc.,  a  New  York  corporation  and  wholly  owned
subsidiary  of  Pioneer  Bank,  provides  wealth  management  services  to  Pioneer  Bank’s  customers  in  partnership  with  LPL
Financial,  a  registered  broker  dealer.  It  had  $552.7  million  of  assets  under  management  at  June  30,  2020.  Pioneer  Financial
Services, Inc. operates  from Pioneer Bank’s headquarters  in Albany, New York under the name Pioneer Wealth  Management,
and  has  licensed  representatives  available  in  our  branch  offices.  Wealth  management  services  provided  by  Pioneer  Financial
Services,  Inc.  to  customers  include  investment  advice,  retirement  income  planning,  estate  planning,  business  succession  and
employer retirement planning. All disclosures in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to Pioneer Bank are consolidated to
include the activities of Pioneer Financial Services, Inc.

Personnel

As of June 30, 2020, we had 245 full-time employees and 22 part-time employees. Our employees are not represented

by any collective bargaining group. Management believes that we have good working relations with our employees.

General

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

As a  New York-chartered  savings bank, Pioneer  Bank is  subject  to  comprehensive  regulation  by the NYSDFS, as its
chartering authority, and by the FDIC. Pioneer Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York and its deposits
are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC. Pioneer Bank is required to file reports with, and is periodically examined by, the
FDIC and the NYSDFS concerning its activities and financial condition and must obtain regulatory approvals before entering into
certain transactions, including mergers with, or acquisitions of, other financial institutions. This regulatory structure is intended
primarily  for the protection of the insurance  fund and depositors. The regulatory structure  also gives the regulatory  authorities
extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies
regarding classifying assets and establishing an adequate allowance for loan losses for regulatory purposes.

As a New York-chartered mutual holding company, Pioneer Bancorp, MHC is regulated and subject to examination by
the NYSDFS and the Federal Reserve Board. As a bank holding company, Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. also is required to comply with
the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board and the NYSDFS. It is required to file certain reports with the Federal
Reserve Board and is subject to examination by and the enforcement authority of the Federal Reserve Board and the NYSDFS.
Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. also is subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC under the federal securities laws.

Set forth below is a brief description of material regulatory requirements that are applicable to Pioneer Bank, Pioneer

Bancorp, Inc. and Pioneer Bancorp, MHC. The description is limited to certain material aspects of certain statutes

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and regulations that are addressed, and is not intended to be a complete list or description of such statutes and regulations and
their effects on Pioneer Bank, Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. and Pioneer Bancorp, MHC.

New York Banking Law and Supervision

Supervision  and  Enforcement  Authority.  Pioneer  Bank,  as  a  New  York-chartered  savings  bank,  is  regulated  and
supervised  by  the  NYSDFS.  The  NYSDFS  is  required  to  regularly  examine  each  state-chartered  bank.  The  approval  of  the
NYSDFS is required to establish or close branches, to merge with another bank and to undertake many other activities. Any New
York-chartered savings bank that does not operate according to the regulations, policies and directives of the NYSDFS may be
subject  to sanctions  for non-compliance,  including  seizure  of the property  and business of the savings bank and suspension or
revocation  of  its  charter.  The  NYSDFS  may,  under  certain  circumstances,  suspend  or  remove  officers  or  directors  who  have
violated the law, conducted the savings bank’s business in an unsafe or unsound manner or contrary to the depositors’ interests,
or have been negligent in the performance of their duties. In addition, upon finding that a savings bank has engaged in an unfair
or  deceptive  act  or  practice,  the  NYSDFS may  issue  an  order  to  cease  and  desist  and  impose  a  fine  on  the  savings  bank.  The
NYSDFS  also  has  the  authority  to  appoint  a  receiver  or  conservator  if  it  determines  that  the  savings  bank  is  conducting  its
business in an unsafe or unauthorized manner, and under certain other circumstances. New York consumer protection and civil
rights statutes applicable to Pioneer Bank permit private individual and class action law suits, and provide for the rescission of
consumer  transactions,  including  loans,  and  the  recovery  of  statutory  and  punitive  damage  and  attorney’s  fees  in  the  case  of
certain violations of those statutes.

The powers that New York-chartered savings banks can exercise under these laws include the following:

Lending Activities. A New York-chartered savings bank may make a wide variety of mortgage loans including fixed-
rate loans, adjustable-rate loans, participation loans, construction and development loans, condominium and co-operative loans,
second mortgage loans and other types of loans that may be made according to applicable regulations. Commercial loans may be
made to corporations and other commercial enterprises with or without security. Consumer and personal loans may also be made
with or without security.

Investment  Activities.  In  general,  Pioneer  Bank  may  invest  in  certain  types  of  debt  securities  (including  certain
corporate debt securities, and obligations of federal, state, and local governments and agencies thereof), certain types of corporate
equity securities, and certain other assets. However, this investment authority is subject to restrictions under federal law. See “—
Federal Bank Regulation—Investment Activities” for such federal restrictions.

Dividends. Under  New  York  Banking  Law,  Pioneer  Bank  may  declare  and  pay  dividends  from  its  net  profits,  unless
there is an impairment of capital. Additionally, the approval of the NYSDFS is required if the total of all dividends declared in a
calendar  year  would  exceed  the  total  of  its  net  profits  for  that  year  combined  with  its  retained  net  profits  of  the  preceding
two years, subject to certain adjustments provided for under applicable law.

Loans to Trustees, Directors and Executive Officers. Under applicable New York Banking Law, Pioneer Bank may not
make  a  loan  or  other  extension  of  credit  directly  or  indirectly  to  any  of  its  trustees  or  executive  officers  of  Pioneer  Bancorp,
MHC, except that Pioneer Bank may make a loan to an executive officer to become an owner of real property so long as the loan
is secured by either (1) a first mortgage or cooperative apartment unit loan, which the property or apartment is to be occupied by
the  executive  officer’s  primary  residence  and  is  specifically  approved  in  writing  by  the  board  of  trustees;  or  (2)  a  deposit
maintained  by  the  executive  officer  with  Pioneer  Bank.  Following  the  mutual  holding  company  reorganization,  the
aforementioned  lending  restrictions  would  not  apply  to  executive  officers  and  directors  of  Pioneer  Bank,  so  long  as  the
Superintendent of the NYSDFS deems the restrictions inapplicable.

NYSDFS Cybersecurity  Rule.  Effective  March  1,  2017,  the  NYSDFS  requires  New  York  chartered  banks  and  other
financial  services  companies  to  establish  and  maintain  a  cybersecurity  program  designed  to  protect  consumers  and  ensure  the
safety  and  soundness  of  the  bank.  Specifically,  NYSDFS  requires  regulated  financial  services  company  to  establish  a
cybersecurity  program;  adopt  a  written  cybersecurity  policy;  designate  a  Chief  Information  Security  Officer  responsible  for
implementing,  overseeing  and enforcing  its new program  and policy;  and have  policies  and procedures  designed  to  ensure  the
security of information systems and nonpublic information accessible to, or held by, third-parties, along with a variety of other
requirements to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information systems.

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Federal Bank Regulation

Recent Regulatory Reform. On May 24, 2018, The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
of 2018 (the “Regulatory Relief Act”) was enacted, which repeals or modifies certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and eases
regulations on all but the largest banks. The Regulatory Relief Act’s provisions include, among other things: (1) exempting banks
with less than $10 billion in assets from the ability-to-repay requirements for certain qualified residential mortgage loans held in
portfolio; (2) not requiring appraisals for certain transactions valued at less than $400,000 in rural areas; (3) exempting banks that
originate fewer than 500 open-end and 500 closed-end mortgages from HMDA’s expanded data disclosures; (4) clarifying that,
subject  to  various  conditions,  reciprocal  deposits  of  another  depository  institution  obtained  using  a  deposit  broker  through  a
deposit  placement  network  for  purposes  of  obtaining  maximum  deposit  insurance  would  not  be  considered  brokered  deposits
subject to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s brokered-deposit regulations; (5) raising eligibility for the 18-month exam
cycle from $1 billion to banks with $3 billion in assets; (6) allowing qualifying federal savings banks to elect to operate with the
same  powers  available  to  a  national  bank;  and  (7)  simplifying  capital  calculations  by  requiring  regulators  to  establish  for
institutions  under  $10  billion  in  assets  a  community  bank  leverage  ratio  (tier  1  capital  to  average  consolidated  assets)  at
a  percentage  not  less  than  8%  and  not  greater  than  10%  that  such  institutions  may  elect  to  replace  the  generally  applicable
leverage  and  risk-based  capital  requirements  and  the  capital  ratio  for  determining  well-capitalized  status.  The  federal  banking
regulators jointly issued a final rule on October 29, 2019 providing that a bank with less than $10 billion in assets may elect to
use  the  community  bank  leverage  ratio  capital  framework  whereby  it  will  be  considered  well-capitalized  so  long  as  the
community bank’s leverage ratio is greater than 9%.  The new rule took effect on January 1, 2020. Pursuant to the CARES Act,
the federal banking agencies in August 2020 issued a final rule to set the community bank leverage ratio at 8% beginning in the
second calendar quarter of 2020 through the end of 2020. Beginning in 2021, the community bank leverage ratio will increase to
8.5% for the calendar year. Community banks will have until Jan. 1, 2022, before the community bank leverage ratio requirement
will return to 9%. Pioneer Bank elected not to be subject to this new definition when it became effective on January 1, 2020.

Supervision and Enforcement Authority. Pioneer Bank is subject to extensive regulation, examination and supervision
by the FDIC as the insurer of its deposits. This regulatory structure is intended primarily for the protection of the insurance fund
and depositors.

Pioneer Bank must file reports with the FDIC concerning its activities and financial condition in addition to obtaining
regulatory approvals before entering into certain transactions such as mergers with, or acquisitions of, other financial institutions.
There  are  periodic  examinations  by  the  FDIC  to  evaluate  Pioneer  Bank’s  safety  and  soundness  and  compliance  with  various
regulatory requirements.

The regulatory  structure  also gives the FDIC extensive  discretion  in connection  with its  supervisory and enforcement
activities  and  examination  policies,  including  policies  with  respect  to  the  classification  of  assets  and  the  establishment  of  an
adequate allowance for loan losses for regulatory purposes. The enforcement authority includes, among other things, the ability to
assess  civil  money  penalties,  issue  cease  and  desist  orders  and  remove  directors  and  officers.  In  general,  these  enforcement
actions  may  be  initiated  in  response  to  violations  of  laws  and  regulations,  breaches  of  fiduciary  duty  and  unsafe  or  unsound
practices.  The  FDIC  may  also  appoint  itself  as  conservator  or  receiver  for  an  insured  bank  under  specified  circumstances,
including:  (1)  insolvency;  (2)  substantial  dissipation  of  assets  or  earnings  through  violations  of  law  or  unsafe  or  unsound
practices; (3) existence of an unsafe or unsound condition to transact business; (4) insufficient capital; or (5) the incurrence of
losses that will deplete substantially all of the institution’s capital with no reasonable prospect of replenishment without federal
assistance.

Capital Requirements. Under FDIC regulations, Pioneer Bank is subject to a comprehensive capital framework for U.S.

banking organizations that was established in July 2013 (the Basel III capital rules).

The capital standards require the maintenance of common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-
weighted assets of at least 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively, and a leverage ratio of at least 4% Tier 1 capital. Common equity Tier
1  capital  is  generally  defined  as  common  stockholders’  equity  and  retained  earnings.  Tier  1  capital  is  generally  defined  as
common equity Tier 1 and Additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital generally includes certain noncumulative perpetual
preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated

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subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus Additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital.
Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative
preferred  stock  and  long-term  perpetual  preferred  stock,  mandatory  convertible  securities,  intermediate  preferred  stock  and
subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of
risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of Accumulated Other
Comprehensive  Income  (“AOCI”),  up  to  45%  of  net  unrealized  gains  on  available-for-sale  equity  securities  with  readily
determinable  fair  market  values.  Institutions  that  have  not  exercised  the  AOCI  opt-out  have  AOCI  incorporated  into  common
equity Tier 1 capital (including unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale-securities). Pioneer Bank exercised the opt-out
election regarding the treatment of AOCI. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments
specified in the regulations.

In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, a bank’s assets,
including certain off-balance sheet assets (e.g., recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests), are multiplied by
a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on perceived risks inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of capital are
required  for  asset  categories  believed  to  present  greater  risk.  For  example,  a  risk  weight  of  0%  is  assigned  to  cash  and  U.S.
government  securities,  a  risk  weight  of  50%  is  generally  assigned  to  prudently  underwritten  first  lien  one-  to  four-family
residential mortgages, a risk weight of 100% is assigned to commercial and consumer loans, a risk weight of 150% is assigned to
certain past due loans and a risk weight of between 0% to 600% is assigned to permissible equity interests, depending on certain
specified factors.

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and
certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of
2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital
requirements.  The  capital  conservation  buffer  requirement  began  being  phased  in  as  of  January  1,  2016  and  was  fully
implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019.

The federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, have issued a rule pursuant to the Regulatory Relief Act to establish
for  institutions  with  assets  of  less  than  $10  billion  a  “community  bank  leverage  ratio”  (the  ratio  of  a  bank’s  tier  1  capital  to
average total consolidated assets) of 8% that such institutions may elect to use in lieu of the generally applicable leverage and
risk-based capital requirements under Basel III. Pursuant to the CARES Act, the federal banking agencies in August 2020 issued
a final rule to set the community bank leverage ratio at 8% beginning in the second calendar quarter of 2020 through the end of
2020. Beginning in 2021, the community bank leverage ratio will increase to 8.5% for the calendar year. Community banks will
have  until  Jan.  1,  2022,  before  the  community  bank  leverage  ratio  requirement  will  return  to  9%.  If  an  election  to  use  the
community bank leverage ratio capital framework is made, a bank with less than $10 billion in assets with capital exceeding 8%
will  be  considered  compliant  with  all  applicable  regulatory  capital  and  leverage  requirements,  including  the  requirement  to  be
“well capitalized.” As of June 30, 2020 Pioneer Bank elected not to be subject to this new definition.

The  FDIC  also  has  authority  to  establish  individual  minimum  capital  requirements  in  appropriate  cases  upon
determination that an institution’s capital level is, or is likely to become, inadequate in light of the particular circumstances. At
June 30, 2020, Pioneer Bank exceeded each of its capital requirements.

Standards  for  Safety  and  Soundness.  As  required  by  statute,  the  federal  banking  agencies  have  adopted  final
regulations and Interagency Guidelines Establishing Standards for Safety and Soundness. The guidelines set forth the safety and
soundness standards the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before
capital  becomes  impaired.  The  guidelines  address  internal  controls  and  information  systems,  internal  audit  systems,  credit
underwriting,  loan  documentation,  interest  rate  exposure,  asset  growth,  asset  quality,  earnings  and  compensation,  fees  and
benefits. The agencies have also established standards for safeguarding customer information. If the appropriate federal banking
agency  determines  that  an  institution  fails  to  meet  any  standard  prescribed  by  the  guidelines,  the  agency  may  require  the
institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard.

Investment Activities. All state-chartered savings banks insured by the FDIC are generally limited in their investment

activities to principal and equity investments of the type and in the amount authorized for national banks,

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notwithstanding state law, subject to certain exceptions. For example, state-chartered banks may, with FDIC approval, continue
to exercise state authority to invest in common or preferred stocks listed on a national securities exchange or the Nasdaq Stock
Market  and  to  invest  in  the  shares  of  an  investment  company  registered  under  the  Investment  Company  Act  of  1940.  The
maximum  permissible  investment  is  100%  of  Tier  1  capital,  as  specified  by  the  FDIC’s  regulations,  or  the  maximum  amount
permitted by New York law, whichever is less.

In  addition,  the  FDIC  is  authorized  to  permit  state-chartered  banks  and  savings  banks  to  engage  in  state-authorized
activities  or  investments  not  permissible  for  national  banks  (other  than  non-subsidiary  equity  investments)  if  they  meet  all
applicable  capital  requirements  and  it  is  determined  that  such  activities  or  investments  do  not  pose  a  significant  risk  to  the
Deposit  Insurance  Fund.  The  FDIC  has  adopted  procedures  for  institutions  seeking  approval  to  engage  in  such  activities  or
investments. In addition, a nonmember bank may control a subsidiary that engages in activities as principal that would only be
permitted  for  a  national  bank  to  conduct  in  a  “financial  subsidiary”  if  a  bank  meets  specified  conditions  and  deducts  its
investment in the subsidiary for regulatory capital purposes.

Interstate Banking and Branching. Federal law permits well capitalized and well managed bank holding companies to
acquire banks in any state, subject to Federal Reserve Board approval, certain concentration limits and other specified conditions.
Interstate mergers of banks are also authorized, subject to regulatory approval and other specified conditions. In addition, banks
may establish de novo branches on an interstate basis provided that interstate branching is authorized by the law of the host state
for the banks chartered by that state.

Prompt Corrective Regulatory Action. Federal law requires, among other things, that federal bank regulatory authorities
take “prompt corrective action” with respect to banks that do not meet minimum capital requirements. For these purposes, the law
establishes  five  capital  categories:  well  capitalized,  adequately  capitalized,  undercapitalized,  significantly  undercapitalized  and
critically undercapitalized.

The  FDIC  has  adopted  regulations  to  implement  the  prompt  corrective  action  framework  under  the  Basel  III  capital
rules. An institution is considered “well capitalized”  if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-
based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater and a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 6.5% or greater. An
institution is “adequately capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of
6.0%  or  greater,  a  leverage  ratio  of  4.0%  or  greater  and  a  common  equity  Tier  1  ratio  of  4.5%  or  greater.  An  institution  is
“undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a
leverage  ratio  of  less  than  4.0%  or  a  common  equity  Tier  1  ratio  of  less  than  4.5%.  An  institution  is  “significantly
undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0%, a
leverage ratio of less than 3.0% or a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 3.0%. An institution is “critically undercapitalized”
if  it  has  a  ratio  of  tangible  equity  (as  defined  in  the  regulations)  to  total  assets  equal  to  or  less  than  2.0%.  At  June  30,  2020,
Pioneer Bank was classified as a “well capitalized” institution.

At  each  successive  lower  capital  category,  an  insured  depository  institution  is  subject  to  more  restrictions  and
prohibitions, including restrictions on growth, interest rates paid on deposits, payment of dividends, and acceptance of brokered
deposits. Furthermore, if an insured depository institution is classified in one of the undercapitalized categories, it is required to
submit  a  capital  restoration  plan  to  the  appropriate  federal  banking  agency,  and  its  holding  company,  if  applicable,  must
guarantee  the  performance  of  that  plan.  Based  upon  its  capital  levels,  a  bank  that  is  classified  as  well-capitalized,  adequately
capitalized,  or  undercapitalized  may  be  treated  as  though  it  were  in  the  next  lower  capital  category  if  the  appropriate  federal
banking  agency,  after  notice  and  opportunity  for  hearing,  determines  that  an  unsafe  or  unsound  condition,  or  an  unsafe  or
unsound practice, warrants such treatment. An undercapitalized bank’s compliance with a capital restoration plan is required to
be  guaranteed  by  any  company  that  controls  the  undercapitalized  institution  in  an  amount  equal  to  the  lesser  of  5.0%  of  the
institution’s total assets when deemed undercapitalized or the amount necessary to achieve the status of adequately capitalized. If
an  “undercapitalized”  bank  fails  to  submit  an  acceptable  plan,  it  is  treated  as  if  it  is  “significantly  undercapitalized.”
“Significantly undercapitalized” banks must comply with one or more of a number of additional restrictions, including an order
by the FDIC to sell sufficient voting stock to become adequately capitalized, requirements to reduce total assets, cease receipt of
deposits  from  correspondent  banks  or  dismiss  directors  or  officers,  and  restrictions  on  interest  rates  paid  on  deposits,
compensation  of  executive  officers  and  capital  distributions  by  the  parent  holding  company.  “Critically  undercapitalized”
institutions are subject to additional measures including, subject

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to  a  narrow  exception,  the  appointment  of  a  receiver  or  conservator  within  270  days  after  it  is  determined  to  be  critically
undercapitalized.

Transaction with Affiliates and Regulation W of the Federal Reserve Regulations. Transactions between banks and
their affiliates are governed by federal law. Generally, Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Reserve Board’s
Regulation W limit the extent to which a bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate to
an amount equal to 10.0% of the bank’s capital stock and surplus, and with all transactions with all affiliates to an amount equal
to  20.0%  of  the  bank’s  capital  stock  and  surplus.  Section  23B  applies  to  “covered  transactions”  as  well  as  to  certain  other
transactions and requires that all such transactions be on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable, to the institution or
subsidiary as those provided to a non-affiliate. The term “covered transaction” includes making loans to, purchasing assets from,
and issuing guarantees to, an affiliate, and other similar transactions. Section 23B transactions also include the bank’s providing
services and selling assets to an affiliate. In addition, loans or other extensions of credit by a bank to an affiliate are required to be
collateralized according to the requirements set forth in Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act.

Sections 22(g) and (h) of the Federal Reserve Act place restrictions on loans to a bank’s insiders, i.e., executive officers,
directors and principal stockholders. Under Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act, loans to a director, an executive officer and
to a greater  than 10.0% stockholder  of a financial  institution,  and certain  affiliated  interests  of these  persons, together  with all
other  outstanding  loans  to  such  persons  and  affiliated  interests,  may  not  exceed  specified  limits.  Section  22(h)  of  the  Federal
Reserve Act also requires that loans to directors, executive officers and principal stockholders be made on terms substantially the
same as offered in comparable transactions to other persons and also requires prior board approval for certain loans. In addition,
the  aggregate  amount  of  extensions  of  credit  by  a  financial  institution  to  insiders  cannot  exceed  the  institution’s  unimpaired
capital and surplus. Section 22(g) of the Federal Reserve Act places additional restrictions on loans to executive officers.

Federal  Insurance  of  Deposit  Accounts.  Pioneer  Bank  is  a  member  of  the  Deposit  Insurance  Fund,  which  is
administered  by  the  FDIC.  Deposit  accounts  in  Pioneer  Bank  are  insured  up  to  a  maximum  of  $250,000  for  each  separately
insured depositor. Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe
or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation,
rule order or regulatory condition imposed in writing. We do not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to
termination of Pioneer Bank’s deposit insurance.

Privacy  Regulations.  FDIC  regulations  generally  require  that  Pioneer  Bank  disclose  its  privacy  policy,  including
identifying  with  whom  it  shares  a  customer’s  “non-public  personal  information,”  to  customers  at  the  time  of  establishing  the
customer relationship and annually thereafter. In addition, Pioneer Bank is required to provide its customers with the ability to
“opt-out” of having their personal information shared with unaffiliated third parties and to not disclose account numbers or access
codes to non-affiliated third parties for marketing purposes.

Community  Reinvestment  Act.  Under  the  Community  Reinvestment  Act,  or  CRA,  as  implemented  by  FDIC,  a  state
non-member  bank  has  a  continuing  and  affirmative  obligation,  consistent  with  its  safe  and  sound  operation,  to  help  meet  the
credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The CRA does not establish specific
lending  requirements  or  programs  for  financial  institutions  nor  does  it  limit  an  institution’s  discretion  to  develop  the  types  of
products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community, consistent with the CRA. The CRA requires the
FDIC, in connection with its examination of each state non-member bank, to assess the institution’s record of meeting the credit
needs of its community and to take such record into account in its evaluation of certain applications by such institution, including
applications to acquire branches and other financial institutions. The CRA requires the FDIC to provide a written evaluation of an
institution’s CRA performance utilizing a four-tiered descriptive rating system. Pioneer Bank’s latest Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation CRA rating in October 2017 was “Satisfactory.”

New York has its own statutory counterpart to the CRA, which is applicable to Pioneer Bank. New York Banking law
requires  the  NYSDFS  to  consider  a  bank’s  record  of  performance  under  New  York  law  in  considering  any  application  by  the
bank to establish a branch or other deposit-taking facility, to relocate an office or to merge or consolidate with or

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acquire the assets and assume the liabilities of any other banking institution. Pioneer Bank’s most recent rating under New York
law was “Satisfactory”.

Consumer  Protection  and  Fair  Lending Regulations.  Pioneer  Bank  is  subject  to  a  variety  of  federal  and  New  York
statutes and regulations that are intended to protect consumers and prohibit discrimination in the granting of credit. These statutes
and regulations provide for a range of sanctions for non-compliance with their terms, including imposition of administrative fines
and remedial orders, and referral to the Attorney General for prosecution of a civil action for actual and punitive damages and
injunctive relief. Certain of these statutes, including Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, which prohibits unfair and
deceptive  acts  and  practices  against  consumers,  authorize  private  individual  and  class  action  lawsuits  and  the  award  of  actual,
statutory and punitive damages and attorneys’ fees for certain types of violations. Federal laws also prohibit unfair, deceptive or
abusive acts or practices against consumers, which can be enforced by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the FDIC and
state Attorneys General.

Federal Reserve System

Federal Reserve Board regulations require depository institutions to maintain non-interest-earning reserves against their
transaction  accounts  (primarily  NOW  and  regular  checking  accounts).  The  regulations  generally  require  that  reserves  be
maintained against aggregate transaction accounts as follows: for that portion of transaction accounts aggregating $124.2 million
or  less  (which  may  be  adjusted  by  the  Federal  Reserve  Board)  the  reserve  requirement  is  3.0%  and  the  amounts  greater  than
$124.2  million  require  a  10.0%  reserve  (which  may  be  adjusted  annually  by  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  to  between  8.0%  and
14.0%).  The  first  $16.3  million  of  otherwise  reservable  balances  (which  may  be  adjusted  by  the  Federal  Reserve  Board)  are
exempted from the reserve requirements. Pioneer Bank is in compliance with these requirements.

Federal Home Loan Bank System

Pioneer Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of 11 regional Federal Home Loan
Banks.  The  Federal  Home  Loan  Banks  provide  a  central  credit  facility  primarily  for  member  institutions.  Pioneer  Bank,  as  a
member  of  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  New  York,  is  required  to  acquire  and  hold  shares  of  capital  stock  in  the  Federal
Home Loan Bank of New York. Pioneer Bank was in compliance with this requirement at June 30, 2020.

Holding Company Regulation

Federal Holding Company Regulation. Pioneer Bancorp, MHC and Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. are bank holding companies
registered  with  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  and  subject  to  regulations,  examination,  supervision  and  reporting  requirements
applicable to bank holding companies. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over Pioneer Bancorp,
MHC and Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. and their non-savings bank subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the Federal
Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary savings bank.

A bank holding company is generally prohibited from engaging in non-banking activities, or acquiring direct or indirect
control  of  more  than  5%  of  the  voting  securities  of  any  company  engaged  in  non-banking  activities.  One  of  the  principal
exceptions  to  this  prohibition  is  for  activities  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  determines  to  be  so  closely  related  to  banking  or
managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. Some of the principal activities that the Federal Reserve Board
has determined by regulation to be so closely related to banking are: (1) making or servicing loans; (2) performing certain data
processing services; (3) providing discount brokerage services; (4) acting as fiduciary, investment or financial advisor; (5) leasing
personal or real property; (6) making investments in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare;
and  (7)  acquiring  a  savings  and  loan  association  whose  direct  and  indirect  activities  are  limited  to  those  permitted  for  bank
holding companies.

The  Gramm-Leach-Bliley  Act  of  1999  authorizes  a  bank  holding  company  that  meets  specified  conditions,  including
that  its  depository  institution  subsidiaries  are  “well  capitalized”  and  “well  managed,”  to  opt  to  become  a  “financial  holding
company.” A “financial holding company” may engage in a broader array of financial activities than

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permitted a typical bank holding company. Such activities can include insurance underwriting and investment banking. Pioneer
Bancorp, MHC and Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. elected to become “financial holding companies.”

Capital.  The  Federal  Reserve  Board  must  establish  for  all  bank  and  savings  and  loan  holding  companies  minimum
consolidated capital requirements that are as stringent as those required for their insured depository subsidiaries. Pursuant to the
Regulatory Relief Act, bank holding companies with less than $3.0 billion in consolidated assets generally are not subject to the
capital requirements unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve Board.

Dividends and Stock Repurchases. A bank holding company is generally required to give the Federal Reserve Board
prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of then outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the purchase
or  redemption,  when  combined  with  the  net  consideration  paid  for  all  such  purchases  or  redemptions  during  the  preceding
12 months, is equal to 10% or more of the company’s consolidated net worth. The Federal Reserve Board may disapprove such a
purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe and unsound practice, or would violate any
law, regulation, Federal Reserve Board order or directive, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal
Reserve Board. There is an exception to this approval requirement for well-capitalized bank holding companies that meet certain
other conditions.

The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement regarding capital distributions, including dividends, by bank
holding  companies.  In  general,  the  policy  provides  that  dividends  should  be  paid  only  from  current  earnings  and  only  if  the
prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset
quality  and  overall  financial  condition.  The  policy  also  requires  that  a  bank  holding  company  serve  as  a  source  of  financial
strength  to  its  subsidiary  banks  by  standing  ready  to  use  available  resources  to  provide  adequate  capital  funds  to  those  banks
during periods of financial stress or adversity, and by maintaining the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain
additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks where necessary. Additionally, under the prompt corrective action laws, the
ability  of  a  bank  holding  company  to  pay  dividends  may  be  restricted  if  a  subsidiary  bank  becomes  undercapitalized.  These
regulatory policies could affect the ability of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. to pay dividends or otherwise engage in capital distributions.

Waivers of Dividends by Pioneer Bancorp, MHC. Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  may  pay dividends  on its  common  stock  to
public stockholders. If it does, it is also required to pay the same dividends per share to Pioneer Bancorp, MHC, unless Pioneer
Bancorp, MHC elects to waive the receipt of dividends. Pioneer Bancorp, MHC must receive the prior approval of the Federal
Reserve Board before it may waive the receipt of any dividends from Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. However, current Federal Reserve
Board policy prohibits a mutual holding company that is regulated as a bank holding company, such as Pioneer Bancorp, MHC,
from waiving the receipt of dividends paid by its subsidiary holding company. Moreover, the Federal Reserve Board has issued
an interim final rule applicable to federally-chartered mutual holding companies, stating that it will not object to dividend waivers
under  certain  circumstances,  provided  (1)  the  mutual  holding  company’s  members  have  approved  the  dividend  waivers  by  a
majority of eligible votes, (2) each officer or trustee of the mutual holding company and mid-tier stock holding company, and any
tax-qualified or non-tax qualified stock benefit plan in which such individual participates that holds any shares of stock to which
the waiver would apply waives the right to receive any dividends declared, or the dividend waivers are approved by a majority of
the entire board of trustees of the mutual holding company with any officer or trustee of the mutual holding company having any
direct or indirect ownership interest in the common stock of the subsidiary mid-tier holding company abstaining from the board
vote, and (3) any dividends waived by the mutual holding company are considered in determining an appropriate exchange ratio
in the event of a conversion of the mutual holding company to stock form.

Because  of  the  foregoing  Federal  Reserve  Board  restrictions  on  the  ability  of  a  mutual  holding  company,  such  as
Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC,  to  waive  the  receipt  of  dividends  declared  by  its  subsidiary  mid-tier  stock  holding  company,  it  is
unlikely  that  Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC  will  be  able  to  waive  the  receipt  of  any  dividends  declared  by  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.
Therefore, unless Federal Reserve Board regulations or policy change by allowing Pioneer Bancorp, MHC to waive the receipt of
dividends declared by Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. without diluting minority stockholders, it is unlikely that Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. will
pay any dividends.

Possible  Conversion  of  Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC  to  Stock  Form.  In  the  future,  Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC  may  convert

from the mutual to capital stock form of ownership, in a transaction commonly referred to as a “second-step

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conversion.”  In a second-step conversion, depositors of Pioneer Bank would have subscription rights to purchase common stock
of the fully-converted Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. and the public stockholders of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. would be entitled to exchange
their  shares  of  common  stock  for  an  equal  percentage  of  shares  of  the  fully-converted  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.,  subject  to
adjustment if required by the Federal Reserve Board, to reflect any dividends waived by Pioneer Bancorp, MHC or assets owned
by Pioneer Bancorp, MHC.

The board of trustees of Pioneer Bancorp, MHC has no current plans to undertake a second-step conversion transaction.
Any second-step conversion transaction would require the approval of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Pioneer
Bancorp, Inc. common stock (excluding shares held by Pioneer Bancorp, MHC) and the approval of depositors of Pioneer Bank.
Stockholders will not be able to force a second-step conversion without the consent of Pioneer Bancorp, MHC since a second-
step conversion also requires the approval of a majority of all of the outstanding common stock of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc., which
can only be achieved if Pioneer Bancorp, MHC votes to approve the second-step conversion.

Acquisition. Federal  laws  and  regulations  provide  that  no  company  may  acquire  control  of  a  bank  holding  company,
such  as  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.,  without  the  prior  non-objection  or  approval  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board.  Control,  as  defined
under the applicable regulations, means the power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or policies of the company or
to vote 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the company. Acquisition of 10% or more of any class of a bank holding
company’s voting securities constitutes a rebuttable presumption of control under certain circumstances, including where, as is
the case with Pioneer Bancorp, Inc., the issuer has registered securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Any company that acquires such control becomes a “bank holding company” subject to registration, examination and regulation
by the Federal Reserve Board.

New York Holding Company Regulation. Pioneer Bancorp, MHC and Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. are subject to regulation
under New York banking law. Among other requirements, Pioneer Bancorp, MHC and Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. must receive the
approval of the NYSDFS before acquiring 10% or more of the voting stock of another banking institution, or to otherwise acquire
a banking institution by merger or purchase.

Federal Securities Laws

Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock is registered with the SEC. Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. is subject to the information,

proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

The registration under the Securities Act of 1933 of shares of common stock issued in the offering does not cover the
resale  of  those  shares.  Shares  of  common  stock  purchased  by  persons  who  are  not  affiliates  of  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  may  be
resold without registration. Shares purchased by an affiliate of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. will be subject to the resale restrictions of
Rule  144  under  the  Securities  Act  of  1933.  If  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  meets  the  current  public  information  requirements  of
Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, each affiliate that complies with the other conditions of Rule 144, including those that
require  the  affiliate’s  sale  to  be  aggregated  with  those  of  other  persons,  would  be  able  to  sell  in  the  public  market,  without
registration, a number of shares not to exceed, in any three-month period, the greater of 1% of the outstanding shares of Pioneer
Bancorp, Inc., or the average weekly volume of trading in the shares during the preceding four calendar weeks.

Emerging  Growth  Company  Status.  Under  the  Jumpstart  Our  Business  Startups  Act  of  2012  (the  “JOBS  Act”),  a
company with total annual gross revenues of less than $1.07 billion during its most recently completed fiscal year qualifies as an
“emerging growth company.”  Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. qualifies as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.

An “emerging growth company” may choose not to hold stockholder votes to approve annual executive compensation
(more  frequently  referred  to  as  “say-on-pay”  votes)  or  executive  compensation  payable  in  connection  with  a  merger  (more
frequently referred to as “say-on-golden parachute” votes). An emerging growth company also is not subject to the requirement
that  its  auditors  attest  to  the  effectiveness  of  the  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  and  can  provide  scaled
disclosure regarding executive compensation. Finally, an emerging growth company

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may elect to comply with new or amended accounting pronouncements in the same manner as a private company, but must make
such election when the company is first required to file a registration statement. Such an election is irrevocable during the period
a  company  is  an  emerging  growth  company.  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  has  elected  to  comply  with  new  or  amended  accounting
pronouncements in the same manner as a private company.

A company loses emerging growth company status on the earlier of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year of the company
during which it had total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more; (2) the last day of the fiscal year of the issuer following
the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common equity securities of the company pursuant to an effective registration
statement  under  the  Securities  Act  of  1933;  (3)  the  date  on  which  such  company  has,  during  the  previous  three-year  period,
issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (4) the date on which such company is deemed to be a “large accelerated
filer” under Securities and Exchange Commission regulations (generally, a “large accelerated filer” is defined as a corporation
with at least $700 million of voting and non-voting equity held by non-affiliates).

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is intended to improve corporate responsibility, provide for enhanced penalties for accounting
and  auditing  improprieties  at  publicly  traded  companies  and  protect  investors  by  improving  the  accuracy  and  reliability  of
corporate  disclosures  pursuant  to  the  securities  laws.  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  has  policies,  procedures  and  systems  designed  to
comply  with  these  regulations,  and  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  will  review  and  document  such  policies,  procedures  and  systems  to
ensure continued compliance with these regulations.

Federal Taxation

TAXATION

General. The  Company  and  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  federal  income  taxation  in  the  same  general  manner  as  other
corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal taxation is intended only to summarize
material federal income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.
and Pioneer Bank.

Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, the Company currently reports its income and expenses on the

accrual method of accounting and uses a tax year ending December 31 for filing its federal income tax returns.

Net Operating Loss Carryovers. Effective with the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, net operating loss carrybacks
are no longer permitted, and net operating losses are allowed to be carried forward indefinitely. Net operating loss carryforwards
arising from tax years beginning after January 1, 2018 are limited to offset a maximum of 80% of a future year’s taxable income.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES) was enacted.  The CARES Act includes
several provisions that impact the Company, including net operating losses.  Under the Cares Act, the current net operating loss
rules put in place under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act were temporarily revised to allow losses arising in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be
carried back five years.

Capital  Loss  Carryovers.  Generally,  a  financial  institution  may  carry  back  capital  losses  to  the  preceding  three
taxable years and forward to the succeeding five taxable years. Any capital loss carryback or carryover is treated as a short-term
capital loss for the year to which it is carried. As such, it is grouped with any other capital losses for the year to which carried and
is used to offset any capital gains. Any loss remaining after the five year carryover period that has not been deducted is no longer
deductible. At June 30, 2020, Pioneer Bank had no capital loss carryovers.

Corporate Dividends. We may generally exclude from our income 100% of dividends received from Pioneer Bank as a

member of the same affiliated group of corporations.

Audit of Tax Returns. Pioneer Bank’s federal income tax returns and New York State income tax returns have not been

audited in the last three years.

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State Taxation

In March 2014, tax legislation was enacted that changed the manner in which financial institutions and their affiliates
are  taxed  in  New  York  State.  Taxable  income  is  apportioned  to  New  York  State  based  on  the  location  of  the  taxpayer’s
customers, with special rules for income from certain financial transactions. The location of the taxpayer’s offices and branches
are  not  relevant  to  the  determination  of  income  apportioned  to  New  York  State.  The  statutory  tax  rate  is  currently  6.5%.  An
alternative tax on apportioned capital, capped at $5.0 million for a tax year, is imposed to the extent that it exceeds the tax on
apportioned income. The New York State alternative tax rate is 0.05% for 2019, 0.025% for 2020 and completely phased out as
of  January  1,  2021.  Qualified  community  banks  and  thrift  institutions  that  maintain  a  qualified  loan  portfolio  are  entitled  to  a
specially computed modification that reduces the income taxable to New York State.

ITEM 1A.

Risk Factors

Risks Relating to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The economic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In  December  2019,  a  coronavirus  (COVID-19)  was  reported  in  China,  and,  in  March  2020,  the  World  Health
Organization declared it a pandemic. On March 12, 2020 the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak in
the  United  States  a  national  emergency.    The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  caused  significant  economic  dislocation  in  the  United
States  as  many  state  and  local  governments  have  ordered  non-essential  businesses  to  close  and  residents  to  shelter  in  place  at
home, including the State of New York. During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2020, some of these restrictions were removed and
some  non-essential  businesses  were  allowed  to  re-open  in  a  limited  capacity,  adhering  to  social  distancing  and  disinfection
guidelines.  It  is  not  clear  when  the  pandemic  will  abate.  This  crisis  has  resulted  in  an  unprecedented  slow-down  in  economic
activity and a related increase in unemployment as the U.S. economy entered a recession. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, millions
of  people  have  filed  claims  for  unemployment,  and  stock  markets  have  experienced  extreme  volatility  with  bank  stocks
significantly declining in value. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Federal Reserve Board has reduced the benchmark
Fed funds rate to a target range of 0% to 0.25%, and the yields on 10 and 30-year treasury notes have declined to historic lows.
 The State of New York and certain Federal agencies are requiring lenders to provide forbearance and other relief to borrowers
(e.g.,  waiving  late  payment  and  other  fees).  Recent  New  York  legislation  allows  certain  borrowers  to  seek  forbearance  on
residential mortgage loans (including home equity loans) if financial hardship is demonstrated as a result of COVID-19 for up to
180  days  with  an  option  for  an  additional  180  days.  The  federal  banking  agencies  have  encouraged  financial  institutions  to
prudently work with affected borrowers and recently passed legislation has provided relief from reporting loan classifications due
to modifications related to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Additionally, we are a participating lender in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) under the CARES Act.  Under
the PPP, small businesses may, subject to certain regulatory requirements, obtain low interest (1%), government-guaranteed SBA
loans. These loans may be forgiven if the funds are used for designated expenses and meet certain designated requirements. If our
borrowers fail to qualify for PPP loan forgiveness, or if the PPP loans are not fully guaranteed by the US government, we risk
holding loans with unfavorable terms and may experience losses related to our PPP loans.  

Finally,  the  spread  of  the  coronavirus  has  caused  us  to  modify  our  business  practices,  including  employee  travel,
employee  work  locations,  and  cancellation  of  physical  participation  in  meetings,  events  and  conferences.    We  have  many
employees working remotely and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine
are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, we cannot predict the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak
on our business and on our prospects. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain,
including when the pandemic can be controlled and abated and when and how the economy may be fully reopened.  As the result
of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse economic consequences, we could be subject

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to any of the following risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity,
prospects and results of operations:

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to grow assets and income;

if the economy is unable to fully reopen, and high levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan
delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charges and reduced income;

collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;

our allowance for loan losses may have to be increased if borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance
periods or if the federal government fails to guarantee or forgive our customers’ PPP loans, which will adversely affect
our net income;

the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us;

as the result of the decline in the Federal Reserve Board’s target federal funds rate to near 0%, the yield on our assets
may decline to a greater extent than the decline in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing our net interest margin
and spread and reducing net income;

our wealth management revenues may decline with continuing market turmoil;

our  PPP  customers  may  fail  to  qualify  for  PPP  loan  forgiveness,  or  we  may  experience  other  uncertainties  or  losses
related to our PPP loans;

●

our cyber security risks are increased as the result of an increase in the number of employees working remotely;

● we  rely  on  third  party  vendors  for  certain  services  and  the  unavailability  of  a  critical  service  due  to  the  COVID-19

outbreak could have an adverse effect on us; and

●

FDIC premiums may increase if the agency experiences additional resolution costs.

Moreover, our future success and profitability substantially depends on the management skills of our executive officers
and  directors,  many  of  whom  have  held  officer  and  director  positions  with  us  for  many  years.  The  unanticipated  loss  or
unavailability  of  key  employees  due  to  the  outbreak  could  harm  our  ability  to  operate  our  business  or  execute  our  business
strategy.  We  may  not  be  successful  in  finding  and  integrating  suitable  successors  in  the  event  of  key  employee  loss  or
unavailability.

Any one or a combination of the factors identified above could negatively impact our business, financial condition and

results of operations and prospects.

COVID-19  has  adversely  impacted  certain  industries  in  which  our  customers  operate  and  may  impair  their  ability  to
fulfill their obligations to us. Further, the spread of the outbreak has disrupted banking and other financial activity in the
areas in which we operate, and has lead to an economic recession and severe disruptions in the U.S. economy, and could
potentially create business continuity issues for us.

The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  caused  major  economic  disruption  and  volatility  as  a  result  of  governmental  mandates
(e.g.,  “shelter  in  place”  mandates,  business  and  school  closures)  and  voluntary  changes  in  consumer  behavior  (e.g.,  “social
distancing”). In response to the shelter in place orders, currently many of our employees continue to work remotely to enable us
to continue to provide banking services to our customers. Heightened cybersecurity, information security and operational risks
may  result  from  these  work-from-home  arrangements.  We  also  could  be  adversely  affected  if  key  personnel  or  a  significant
number of employees were to become unavailable due to the effects and restrictions of

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the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, we rely upon our third-party vendors to conduct business and to process, record, and monitor
transactions.  If  any  of  these  vendors  are  unable  to  continue  to  provide  us  with  these  services,  it  could  negatively  impact  our
ability to serve our customers. Although we have business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, there is no assurance
that such plans and safeguards will be effective.

There  is  pervasive  uncertainty  surrounding  the  future  economic  conditions  that  will  emerge  in  the  months  and  years
following  the  pandemic.  As  a  result,  management  is  confronted  with  a  significant  and  unfamiliar  degree  of  uncertainty  in
estimating  the impact  of the pandemic  on our credit  quality, revenues  and asset values.  To date,  the COVID-19 pandemic  has
resulted in declines in loan demand and loan originations, market interest rates and negatively impacted many of our business and
consumer borrower’s ability to make their loan payments. Because the length of the pandemic and the efficacy of the measures
being put in place to address its economic consequences are unknown, including recent reductions in the targeted federal funds
rate,  we  expect  our  net  interest  income  and  net  interest  margin  to  be  adversely  affected.  Many  of  our  borrowers  face
unemployment, and certain businesses are at risk of insolvency as revenues declined precipitously, and the impact of the national
and local recovery measures abate. We cannot predict whether businesses will ultimately reopen as there is a significant level of
uncertainty regarding the level of economic activity that will return to our region over time.  We also cannot predict the impact of
governmental  assistance,  the  speed  of  economic  recovery,  the  resurgence  of  COVID-19  in  subsequent  seasons  and  changes  to
demographic and social norms that will take place and the possible impact these items may have on our business.

The impact of the pandemic is expected to continue to adversely affect us during fiscal 2021 and beyond as the ability of
many of our customers to make loan payments has been significantly affected. Although the Bank has made estimates of credit
losses related to the pandemic, such estimates involve significant judgment and are made in the context of significant uncertainty
as to the impact that the pandemic will have on the credit quality of our loan portfolio. The extent of the economic impact of the
pandemic  is  also  impossible  to  determine  with  certainty  at  this  time  as  it  is  partly  dependent  on  a  still  evolving  virus.
Accordingly,  estimates  of  the  pandemic’s  effect  on  credit  losses  could  change  over  time  as  additional  information  becomes
available. If our estimates are incorrect, our allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses in our loan portfolio.
Any  increases  in  such  allowances  will  result  in  a  decrease  in  net  income  and,  most  likely,  capital,  and  may  have  a  material
negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the Bank is providing assistance to commercial business and consumer loan borrowers in response to the
COVID-19  pandemic,  by  offering  short-term  modifications  such  as  interest  only  payments,  payment  deferrals,  loan  re-
amortization, and increases of lines of credit. Notwithstanding these modifications, these borrowers may not be able to resume
making full payments on their loans once the COVID-19 pandemic is resolved. If the economic disruption from the COVID-19
pandemic continues or worsens, it may result in increased loan delinquencies, adversely classified loans and loan charge-offs. As
a result, our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio, which would cause our
results of operations, liquidity and financial condition to be adversely affected.

Further, given the widespread level of disruption to commercial and consumer activity due to COVID-19, the Company
decided to adopt certain measures to assist its deposit customers in affected areas. These measures include the waiver of certain
fees and charges, such as early withdrawal penalties for certificates of deposit and overdrafts, and while important to assist our
customers, these concessions will negatively impact our results of operations.

In accordance with GAAP, we record assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair value with the excess of the
purchase consideration over the net assets acquired resulting in the recognition of goodwill. If adverse economic conditions or the
recent decrease in our stock price and market capitalization as a result of the pandemic were to be deemed sustained rather than
temporary, it may significantly affect the fair value of our goodwill and may trigger impairment charges. Any impairment charge
could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The U.S. economy is experiencing a recession, and we anticipate our business to be materially and adversely affected by

a prolonged recession.

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Risks Related to Our Business

Our loan portfolio consists of a high percentage of loans secured by commercial real estate. These loans carry a greater
credit risk than loans secured by one- to four-family properties.

Our  loan  portfolio  includes  commercial  real  estate  loans,  primarily  loans  secured  by  office  buildings,  industrial
facilities, retail facilities, multi-family properties and other commercial properties. At June 30, 2020, our commercial real estate
loans totaled $450.5 million, or 38.5%, of our total loan portfolio. Our commercial real estate loans expose us to greater risk of
nonpayment and loss than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans because repayment of the loans often depends on the
successful  operation  and  income  stream  of  the  borrowers.  If  we  foreclose  on  these  loans,  our  holding  period  for  the  collateral
typically is longer than for a one- to four-family residential property because there are fewer potential purchasers of the collateral.
In addition, commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers
compared to one- to four-family residential loans. Accordingly, charge-offs on commercial real estate loans may be larger on a
per loan basis than those incurred with our residential or consumer loan portfolios. An unexpected adverse development on one
or more of these types of loans can expose us to a significantly  greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with
respect to a one- to four-family residential mortgage loan. In addition, the physical condition of non-owner occupied properties
may be below that of owner-occupied properties due to lax property maintenance standards, which have a negative impact on the
value of the collateral properties. As our commercial real estate loans increase, the corresponding risks and potential for losses
from these loans may also increase, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A large portion of our loan portfolio is comprised of commercial and industrial loans secured by accounts receivable,
inventory, equipment or other business assets, the deterioration in value of which could increase the potential for future
losses.

At  June  30,  2020,  $237.2  million,  or  20.3%  of  our  total  loan  portfolio,  was  comprised  of  commercial  and  industrial
loans and lines of credit to a variety of small and medium-sized businesses in our market area collateralized by general business
assets including, among other things, accounts receivable and inventory, and we may augment this collateral with additional liens
on real property. These commercial and industrial loans are typically larger in amount than loans to individuals and, therefore,
have the potential for larger losses on a per loan basis. Additionally, the repayment of commercial and industrial loans is subject
to the ongoing business operations of the borrower. The collateral securing such loans generally includes moveable property such
as inventory, which may decline in value more rapidly than we anticipate, or may be difficult to market and sell, exposing us to
increased  credit risk. Significant adverse  changes in the economy or local market conditions in which our commercial  lending
customers operate or individual business activities of our commercial customers could cause rapid declines in loan collectability
and the values associated with general business assets, resulting in inadequate collateral coverage that may expose us to credit
losses and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We make and hold in our portfolio commercial construction loans, which are considered to have greater credit risk than
residential loans made by financial institutions.

We originate and purchase commercial construction loans primarily to local developers to finance the construction of
commercial  and  multi-family  properties  or  to  acquire  land  for  development  of  commercial  and  multi-family  properties  and  to
finance infrastructure improvements. We also provide commercial construction loans to local developers for the construction of
one-  to  four-family  residential  developments,  and  originate  rehabilitation  loans,  enabling  the  borrower  to  partially  or  totally
refurbish an existing structure. At June 30, 2020, commercial  construction loans were $91.8 million, or 7.8% of our total loan
portfolio.  We  also  had  undrawn  amounts  on  the  commercial  construction  loans  totaling  $35.8  million  at  June  30,  2020.
Commercial  construction  loans  are  considered  more  risky  than  residential  mortgage  loans.  The  primary  credit  risks  associated
with  construction  lending  are  underwriting  risks,  project  risks  and  market  risks.  Project  risks  include  cost  overruns,  borrower
credit risk, project completion risk, general contractor credit risk, and environmental and other hazard risks. Market risks are risks
associated  with  the  sale  of  the  completed  project.  They  include  affordability  risk,  which  means  the  risk  of  affordability  of
financing by borrowers, product design risk, and risks posed by competing projects.

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We have a significant number of loans secured by real estate, and a downturn in the local real estate market could
negatively impact our profitability.

At June 30, 2020, approximately $902.6 million, or 77.1%, of our total loan portfolio was secured by real estate, most of
which  is  located  in  our  primary  lending  market,  the  Capital  Region  of  New  York  and  surrounding  markets.  The  COVID-19
pandemic has caused the U.S. economy to enter a recession. Unemployment in the Capital Region of New York was at 10.4% as
of June 30, 2020. Future declines in the real estate values in the Capital Region of New York and surrounding markets as a result
of  the  recession  could  significantly  impair  the  value  of  the  particular  collateral  securing  our  loans  and  our  ability  to  sell  the
collateral upon foreclosure for an amount necessary to satisfy the borrower’s obligations to us. This could require increasing our
allowance for loan losses to address the decrease in the value of the real estate securing our loans, which could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Unlike larger financial institutions that are more geographically diversified, our profitability depends primarily on the
general economic conditions in our primary market area. Local economic conditions have a significant impact on our residential
real  estate,  commercial  real  estate,  construction,  commercial  and  industrial  and  consumer  lending,  including,  the  ability  of
borrowers to repay these loans and the value of the collateral securing these loans.

Economic  conditions  in  our  primary  market  have  recently  been  adversely  affected  by  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and
further  deterioration  in  economic  conditions  could  result  in  the  following  consequences,  any  of  which  could  have  a  material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations:

●

●

●

●

●

demand for our products and services may decrease;

loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures may increase;

collateral  for  loans,  especially  real  estate,  may  decline  in  value,  thereby  reducing  customers’  future  borrowing
power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans;

the value of our securities portfolio may decrease; and

the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decrease, thereby impairing their ability to honor commitments
made to us.

Moreover,  a  significant  decline  in  general  economic  conditions,  caused  by inflation,  acts  of  terrorism,  an  outbreak  of
hostilities  or  other  international  or  domestic  calamities  or  other  factors  beyond  our  control  could  further  impact  these  local
economic  conditions  and  could  further  negatively  affect  our  financial  performance.  In  addition,  deflationary  pressures,  while
possibly  lowering  our  operating  costs,  could  have  a  significant  negative  effect  on  our  borrowers,  especially  our  business
borrowers, and the values of underlying collateral securing loans, which could negatively affect our financial performance.

We have experienced fraudulent activities that will adversely impact our financial performance and results of operations.

We  are  susceptible  to  fraudulent  activity  committed  against  us  or  our  clients,  which  may  result  in  financial  losses  or
increased costs to us or our clients, disclosure or misuse of our information or our client information, misappropriation of assets,
privacy  breaches  against  our  clients,  litigation  or  damage  to  our reputation.  We  have experienced  fraudulent  activities  that  are
adversely  impacting  our  current  financial  performance  and  results  of  operations.  See  Item  7 – “Management’s  Discussion  and
Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  -  Potentially  Fraudulent  Activity,”  for  details.  We  expect  these
activities to continue to negatively impact our financial performance and results of operations. We are involved in numerous legal
and other proceedings as a result of the apparent fraud. See Item 3 – “Legal Proceedings,” for details. In addition, we are subject
to fraud and compliance risk in connection with the origination of loans, ACH transactions, wire transactions, ATM transactions,
checking transactions, and debit cards that we have issued

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to our customers and through our online banking portals. There can be no assurance that such incidents or losses will not occur
again or that such acts will be detected in a timely manner.

We maintain a system of internal controls and other measures to mitigate against such risks, including data processing
system failures and errors, and customer fraud. If we fail to prevent or detect any such occurrence, or if any resulting loss is not
insured,  exceeds  applicable  insurance  limits  or  if  the  insurance  companies  dispute  or  deny  coverage,  it  could  have  a  material
adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  With  respect  to  the  fraud  described  in  Item  7  –
“Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  -  Potentially  Fraudulent  Activity,”
and the proceedings described in Item 3 – “Legal Proceedings,” our insurance carriers have (a) denied coverage on the claims, (b)
sought additional information from the Company in order to further evaluate coverage or (c) not responded to our requests for
coverage. It is possible that our insurance may not cover any claims or costs related to the proceedings described in these two
sections. We cannot give any assurance regarding the recovery, if any, we may obtain from our insurance carriers.

The Company is a defendant in a variety of litigation and other actions, which may have a material adverse effect on the
Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The  Company  and  Pioneer  Bank  are  involved  in  a  variety  of  litigation  and  other  proceedings.  See  Item  3  –  “Legal
Proceedings,”  and  Item  7  –  “Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  -
Potentially Fraudulent Activity,” for details. We are prosecuting and defending these lawsuits and other proceedings vigorously,
and management believes that the Bank has substantial defenses to the claims that have been asserted. The ultimate outcome of
any such proceedings, cannot be predicted with any certainty. It also remains possible that other parties will pursue additional
claims against the Bank as a result of the Bank’s dealings with certain of the Mann Entities or as a result of the actions taken by
the Pioneer Parties. The Company’s and the Bank’s legal fees, costs and expenses related to these actions are significant and are
expected  to  continue  being  significant.  In  addition,  costs  associated  with  potentially  prosecuting,  litigating  or  settling  any
litigation,  satisfying  any  adverse  judgments,  if  any,  or  other  proceedings,  could  be  significant.  These  future  costs,  settlements,
judgments,  sanctions  or  other  expenses  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  financial  condition,  results  of
operations or cash flows.

In addition, it is inherently difficult to assess the outcome of these matters, and we may not prevail in such proceedings
or  litigation.  Any  such  legal  or  regulatory  actions  will  subject  us  to  substantial  compensatory  or  punitive  damages,  significant
fines,  sanctions,  penalties,  obligations  to  change  our  business  practices  or  other  requirements  resulting  in  increased  expenses,
diminished  income  and  damage  to  our  reputation.  Our  involvement  in  any  such  matters,  whether  tangential  or  otherwise,  and
even  if  the  matters  are  ultimately  determined  in  our  favor,  could  also  cause  significant  harm  to  our  reputation  and  divert
management attention from the operation of our business.  In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such
matters,  we  cannot  predict  the  eventual  outcome  of  the  pending  matters,  timing  of  the  ultimate  resolution  of  these  matters,  or
eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each pending matter. We establish an accrued liability when those matters present loss
contingencies  that  are  both  probable  and  estimable.  These  estimates  are  based  upon  currently  available  information  and  are
subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions and known and unknown uncertainties. As a result, the ultimate outcome
of  our  legal  or  regulatory  actions  may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  financial  condition  and  results  of
operations.

Our allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover actual loan losses.

We  maintain  an  allowance  for  loan  losses,  which  is  established  through  a  provision  for  loan  losses  that  represents
management’s best estimate of probable incurred losses within the existing portfolio of loans. We make various assumptions and
judgments about the collectability of loans in our portfolio, including the creditworthiness of borrowers and the value of the real
estate  and other assets serving as collateral  for the repayment  of loans. In determining  the adequacy of the allowance  for loan
losses,  we  rely  on  our  experience  and  our  evaluation  of  economic  conditions.  If  our  assumptions  prove  to  be  incorrect,  or  if
certain intervening events occur (like fraud by a customer or the COVID-19 pandemic), our allowance for loan losses may not be
sufficient  to  cover  losses  inherent  in  our  loan  portfolio,  and  adjustments  may  be  necessary  to  address  different  economic
conditions or adverse developments in the loan portfolio. Consequently, a problem with one or more loans could require us to
significantly increase our provision for loan losses. In addition, federal and state regulators periodically review our allowance for
loan losses and may require us to increase our provision for loan

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losses or recognize additional loan charge-offs. Material additions to the allowance for loan losses would materially decrease our
net income and would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  has  adopted  a  new  accounting  standard  that  will  be  effective  for  Pioneer
Bancorp, Inc. and Pioneer Bank for our first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2023. This standard, referred to as Current
Expected  Credit  Loss,  or  CECL,  will  require  financial  institutions  to  determine  periodic  estimates  of  lifetime  expected  credit
losses on loans, and recognize the expected credit losses as allowances for loan losses. This will change the current method of
establishing  allowances  for  loan  losses  that  are  probable,  which  may  require  us  to  increase  our  allowance  for  loan  losses,  and
increase the data we would need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of our allowance for loan losses.

Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on our consolidated financial
statements and our financial condition or operating results.

In  preparing  periodic  reports  we  are  required  to  file  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  including  our
consolidated  financial  statements,  our  management  is  and  will  be  required  under  applicable  rules  and  regulations  to  make
estimates and assumptions as of specified dates. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and
experience  at  such  times  and  are  subject  to  substantial  risk  and  uncertainty.  Materially  different  results  may  occur  as
circumstances  change  and  additional  information  becomes  known.  Areas  requiring  significant  estimates  and  assumptions  by
management  includes  the  items  discussed  in  Item  7  –  “Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and
Results of Operations - Potentially Fraudulent Activity,” the proceedings described in Item 3 – “Legal Proceedings,” the items
describe in our “Summary of Critical Accounting Policies,” our evaluation of the legal remedies available to the Bank related to
the potentially fraudulent activities, our evaluation of our contingent liabilities and adequacy of our allowance for loan losses, the
determination of our deferred income taxes, our fair value measurements, our determination of other-than-temporary impairment
of  investment  securities,  impairment  of  goodwill,  our  evaluation  of  contingent  liabilities,  and  our  evaluation  of  our  defined
benefit pension plan obligations.

Our estimates of potential losses will change over time and the actual losses may vary significantly, and there may be an
exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. As a matter develops, we, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling
the matter, evaluate on an ongoing basis whether such matter presents a loss contingency that is probable and estimable. Once the
loss  contingency  is  deemed  to  be  both  probable  and  estimable,  we  establish  an  accrued  liability  and  record  a  corresponding
amount  of  expense.  We  continue  to  monitor  the  matter  for  further  developments  that  could  affect  the  amount  of  the  accrued
liability  that  has  been  previously  established.  However,  in  light  of  the  significant  judgment,  variety  of  assumptions  and
uncertainties involved in these matters, some of which are beyond our control, and the large or indeterminate damages sought in
some  of  these  matters,  an  adverse  outcome  in  one  or  more  of  these  matters  could  have  an  adverse  material  impact  on  our
business, prospects, results of operations for any particular reporting period, or cause significant reputational harm.

Changes in interest rates may reduce our profits.

Our profitability, like that of most financial institutions, depends to a large extent upon our net interest income, which is
the difference between our interest income on interest-earning  assets, such as loans and securities, and our interest expense on
interest-bearing  liabilities,  such  as  deposits  and  borrowed  funds.  Accordingly,  our  results  of  operations  depend  largely  on
movements in market interest rates and our ability to manage our interest-rate-sensitive assets and liabilities in response to these
movements. Factors such as inflation, recession and instability in financial markets, among other factors beyond our control, may
affect interest rates.

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Federal Reserve Board has reduced the benchmark fed funds rate to a target
range of 0% to 0.25%, and the yields on 10 and 30-year treasury notes have declined to historic lows. Decreases in interest rates
can result in increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, as borrowers refinance to reduce their borrowing
costs.  Under  these  circumstances,  we  are  subject  to  reinvestment  risk  as  we  may  have  to  reinvest  such  loan  or  securities
prepayments into lower-yielding assets, which may also negatively impact our income. Conversely, if interest rates rise, and the
interest  rates  on  our  deposits  increase  faster  than  the  interest  rates  we  receive  on  our  loans  and  investments,  our  interest  rate
spread would decrease, which would have a negative effect on our net interest income and

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profitability. Furthermore, increases in interest rates may adversely affect the ability of borrowers to make loan repayments on
adjustable-rate loans, as the interest owed on such loans would increase as interest rates increase.

If  interest  rates  rise,  we  expect  that  our  net  portfolio  value  of  equity  would  decrease.  Net  portfolio  value  of  equity
represents the present value of the expected cash flows from our assets less the present value of the expected cash flows arising
from  our  liabilities,  adjusted  for  the  value  of  off-balance  sheet  contracts.  At  June  30,  2020,  and  assuming  a  200  basis  points
increase in market interest rates, we estimate that our net portfolio value would decrease by $2.3 million, or 0.8%.  Additionally,
at June 30, 2020 and assuming a 100 basis points decrease in market interest rates, we estimate that our net portfolio value would
increase by $7.5 million, or 2.5%.

Any substantial, unexpected  or prolonged change in market interest  rates could have a material  adverse effect on our
financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. While we pursue an asset/liability strategy designed to mitigate our risk
from  changes  in  interest  rates,  changes  in  interest  rates  can  still  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition  and
results of operations. Changes in interest rates also may negatively affect our ability to originate real estate loans, the value of our
assets and our ability to realize gains from the sale of our assets, all of which ultimately affect our earnings. Also, our interest rate
risk modeling techniques and assumptions cannot fully predict or capture the impact of actual interest rate changes on our balance
sheet or projected operating results.

Municipal deposits are price sensitive and could result in an increase in interest expense or funding fluctuations.

Municipal deposits are a significant source of funds for our lending and investment activities. At June 30, 2020, $267.3
million,  or  21.0%  of  our  total  deposits,  consisted  of  municipal  deposits  from  local  government  entities  such  as  towns,  cities,
school districts and other municipalities, which are collateralized by letters of credit from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New
York and investment securities. Given our dependence on high-average balance municipal funds deposits as a source of funds,
our  inability  to  retain  such  funds  could  significantly  and  adversely  affect  our  liquidity.  Further,  our  municipal  deposits  are
primarily demand deposit accounts and are therefore more sensitive to interest rate risk. If we are forced to pay higher rates on
our municipal accounts to retain those funds, or if we are unable to retain such funds and we are forced to resort to other sources
of  funds  for  our  lending  and  investment  activities,  such  as  borrowings  from  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  New  York,  the
interest  expense  associated  with  these  other  funding  sources  may  be  higher  than  the  rates  we  are  currently  paying  on  our
municipal deposits, which would adversely affect our net income.

The level of our commercial real estate loan portfolio subjects us to additional regulatory scrutiny.

The FDIC and the other federal bank regulatory agencies have promulgated joint guidance on sound risk management
practices  for  financial  institutions  with  concentrations  in  commercial  real  estate  lending.  Under  the  guidance,  a  financial
institution  that,  like  us,  is  actively  involved  in  commercial  real  estate  lending  should  perform  a  risk  assessment  to  identify
concentrations. A financial institution may have a concentration in commercial real estate lending if, among other factors, (i) total
reported  loans  for  construction,  land  acquisition  and  development,  and  other  land  represent  100%  or  more  of  total  capital,  or
(ii)  total  reported  loans  secured  by  multi-family  and  non-owner  occupied,  non-farm,  non-residential  properties,  loans  for
construction, land acquisition and development and other land, and loans otherwise sensitive to the general commercial real estate
market, including loans to commercial real estate related entities, represent 300% or more of total capital. Based on these factors,
we have a concentration in loans of the type described in (ii) above of 192.5% of our total capital at June 30, 2020. The purpose
of the guidance is to assist banks in developing risk management practices and capital levels commensurate with the level and
nature of real estate concentrations. The guidance states that management should employ heightened risk management practices
including board and management oversight and strategic planning, development of underwriting standards, risk assessment and
monitoring through market analysis and stress testing. Our bank regulators could require us to implement additional policies and
procedures  consistent  with  their  interpretation  of  the  guidance  that  may  result  in  additional  costs  to  us  or  that  may  result  in  a
curtailment  of  our  commercial  real  estate  and  multi-family  lending  and/or  the  requirement  that  we  maintain  higher  levels  of
regulatory capital, either of which would adversely affect our loan originations and profitability.

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We use a third party to originate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans.

We have used a third-party mortgage banking company, Homestead Funding Corp., to underwrite, process and close our
residential mortgage loans since January 2016. We use this company in order to offer our customers this loan product without the
expense of maintaining and operating an in-house residential mortgage loan department. At June 30, 2020, one- to four-family
residential  real  estate  loans  acquired  from  Homestead  Funding  Corp.  totaled  $192.6  million,  or  16.5%,  of  our  total  loans
receivable.  Should  we  discontinue  this  relationship  or  otherwise  be  unable  to  use  this  company  in  the  future,  our  ability  to
purchase residential mortgage loans may be disrupted unless we are able to find a suitable replacement or have or re-develop the
capability  to  originate  residential  mortgage  loans  through  our  lending  staff.  Should  we  add  more  staff  in  such  an  event,  our
compensation  expense  would  increase.  Our  income  may  be  negatively  affected  if  our  residential  mortgage  lending  program  is
disrupted.

Our business strategy involves moderate growth, and our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely
affected if we fail to grow or fail to manage our growth effectively.

Our assets increased $530.5 million, or 53.3%, from $995.9 million at June 30, 2016 to $1.5 billion at June 30, 2020,
primarily due to increases in loans receivable. Over the next several years, we expect to experience moderate growth in our total
assets and deposits, and the scale of our operations. Achieving our growth targets requires us to attract customers that currently
bank at other financial institutions in our market. Our ability to grow successfully will depend on a variety of factors, including
our ability to attract and retain experienced bankers, the availability of attractive business opportunities, competition from other
financial  institutions  in  our  market  area  and  our  ability  to  manage  our  growth.  While  we  believe  we  have  the  management
resources and internal systems in place to successfully manage our future growth, there can be no assurance growth opportunities
will be available or that we will successfully manage our growth. If we do not manage our growth effectively, we may not be able
to achieve our business plan, which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in the valuation of our securities portfolio may reduce our profits and our capital levels.

Our  securities  portfolio  may  be  affected  by  fluctuations  in  market  value,  potentially  reducing  accumulated  other
comprehensive income or earnings. Fluctuations in market value may be caused by changes in market interest rates, lower market
prices  for  securities  and  limited  investor  demand.  Management  evaluates  securities  for  other-than-temporary  impairment  on  a
quarterly basis, with more frequent evaluation for selected issues. In analyzing a debt issuer’s financial condition, management
considers  whether  the  securities  are  issued  by  the  federal  government  or  its  agencies,  whether  downgrades  by  bond  rating
agencies  have  occurred,  industry  analysts’  reports  and  spread  differentials  between  the  effective  rates  on  instruments  in  the
portfolio compared to risk-free rates. If this evaluation shows impairment to the actual or projected cash flows associated with
one or more securities, we may take a charge to earnings to reflect such impairment. Changes in interest rates may also have an
adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition,  as  our  available-for-sale  securities  are  reported  at  their  estimated  fair  value,  and
therefore are affected by fluctuations in interest rates. We increase or decrease our stockholders’ equity by the amount of change
in  the  estimated  fair  value  of  the  available-for-sale securities,  net  of  taxes. Declines  in  market  value  may  result  in  other-than-
temporary impairments of these assets, which may lead to accounting charges that could have a material adverse effect on our net
income and stockholders’ equity. We also increase or decrease our stockholders’ equity by the amount of change in the fair value
of equity securities through net income (loss) in the consolidated statement of operations.

A portion of our loan portfolio consists of loan participations secured by properties outside our market area. Loan
participations may have a higher risk of loss than loans we originate because we are not the lead lender and we have
limited control over credit monitoring.

We  occasionally  purchase  commercial  real  estate,  commercial  and  industrial  and  commercial  construction  loan
participations  secured  by  properties  outside  our  market  area  in  which  we  are  not  the  lead  lender.  We  have  purchased  loan
participations secured by various types of collateral such as real estate, equipment and other business assets located in New York
and Vermont. Loan participations may have a higher risk of loss than loans we originate because we rely on the lead lender to
monitor the performance  of the loan. Moreover, our decisions regarding the classification  of a loan participation  and loan loss
provisions associated with a loan participation are made in part based upon information provided

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by the lead lender. A lead lender also may not monitor a participation loan in the same manner as we would for loans that we
originate. At June 30, 2020, our loan participations where we are not the lead lender totaled $49.4 million, or 4.2% of our loan
portfolio. At June 30, 2020, commercial and industrial loan participations outside our market area totaled $14.1 million, or 5.9%
of the commercial and industrial loan portfolio, commercial construction loan participations outside our market area totaled $9.7
million, or 10.5% of the commercial construction loan portfolio and commercial real estate loan participations outside our market
area  totaled  $2.1  million,  or  0.6%  of  the  commercial  real  estate  loan  portfolio.  At  June  30,  2020,  no  loan  participations  were
delinquent  60  days  or  more.  If  our  underwriting  of  these  participation  loans  is  not  sufficient,  our  non-performing  loans  may
increase and our earnings may decrease.

We  may,  in  the  future,  participate  in  structured  financing  transactions  involving  businesses  inside  and  outside  our
market area that require alternative financing arrangements. While these types of arrangements may generate more income than
our  traditional  commercial  loans  that  we  originate  and  hold  in  portfolio,  they  generally  have  greater  credit  risk  because  they
involve lending to borrowers with higher risk profiles, the issuance of more complex financial instruments and the valuation of
more complex underlying collateral.

Conditions in insurance markets could adversely affect our earnings.

As we have diversified our sources of income, we have become increasingly reliant on non-interest income, particularly
insurance  fees  and  commissions.  Revenue  from  these  sources  could  be  negatively  affected  by  fluctuating  premiums  in  the
insurance  markets  or other  factors  beyond our control.  Other factors  that  affect  our insurance  revenue  are  the profitability  and
growth of our clients, continued development of new products and services, as well as our access to new markets. Our insurance
revenues  and  profitability  may  also  be  adversely  affected  by  regulatory  developments  impacting  healthcare  and  insurance
markets, possibly including recent legislative proposals and discussions relating to national health insurance and the elimination
of the private health insurance market.

Involvement in wealth management creates risks associated with the industry.

Our wealth management operations with Pioneer Financial Services, Inc. present special risks not borne by institutions
that focus exclusively on other traditional retail and commercial banking products. For example, the investment advisory industry
is  subject  to  fluctuations  in  the  stock  market  that  may  have  a  significant  adverse  effect  on  transaction  fees,  client  activity  and
client  investment  portfolio  gains  and  losses.  Also,  additional  or  modified  regulations  may  adversely  affect  our  wealth
management  operations.  In  addition,  our  wealth  management  operations,  are  dependent  on  a  small  number  of  established
financial advisors, whose departure could result in the loss of a significant number of client accounts. A significant decline in fees
and commissions or trading losses suffered in the investment portfolio could adversely affect our income and potentially require
the contribution of additional capital to support our operations.

Changes in market conditions, changes in discount rates, changes in mortality assumptions or lower returns on assets may
increase required contributions to, and costs associated with, our tax-qualified defined benefit plan in future periods.

The funded status and benefit obligations of our tax-qualified defined benefit plan (“pension plan”) is dependent upon
many factors, including returns on invested assets, certain market interest rates, the discount rates and mortality assumptions used
to  determine  pension  obligations.  The  pension  plan  liability  is  calculated  based  on  various  actuarial  assumptions,  including
mortality expectations, discount rates and expected long-term rates of return on plan assets. Unfavorable returns on plan assets
could  materially  change  the  amount  of  required  plan  funding,  which  would  reduce  the  cash  available  for  our  operations.  In
addition, a decrease in the discount rate and/or changes in the mortality assumptions used to determine pension obligations could
increase the estimated value of our pension obligations, which would require us to increase the amounts of future contributions to
the plan, thereby reducing our equity and our costs associated with the plan may substantially increase in future periods.

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Changes in laws and regulations and the cost of regulatory compliance with new laws and regulations may adversely
affect our operations and/or increase our costs of operations.

We  are  subject  to  extensive  regulation,  supervision  and  examination  by  our  banking  regulators,  the  Federal  Reserve
Board,  the  FDIC  and  NYSDFS.  Such  regulation  and  supervision  govern  the  activities  in  which  a  financial  institution  and  its
holding company may engage and are intended primarily for the protection of insurance funds and the depositors and borrowers
of  Pioneer  Bank  rather  than  for  the  protection  of  our  stockholders.  Regulatory  authorities  have  extensive  discretion  in  their
supervisory  and  enforcement  activities,  including  the  ability  to  impose  restrictions  on  our  operations,  classify  our  assets  and
determine  the  level  of  our  allowance  for  loan  losses.  These  regulations,  along  with  the  currently  existing  tax,  accounting,
securities,  deposit  insurance  and  monetary  laws,  rules,  standards,  policies,  and  interpretations,  control  the  ways  financial
institutions conduct business, implement strategic initiatives, and prepare financial reporting and disclosures. Any change in such
regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, new regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a
material  impact  on  our  operations.  Further,  changes  in  accounting  standards  can  be  both  difficult  to  predict  and  may  involve
judgment  and  discretion  in  their  interpretation  by  us  and  our  independent  accounting  firms.  These  changes  could  materially
impact, potentially retroactively, how we report our financial condition and results of operations.

Replacement of the LIBOR benchmark interest rate could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results
of operations.

In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, announced that the FCA
intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit the rates required to calculate LIBOR after 2021. This announcement
indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. Consequently, at this
time, it is not possible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide submissions for the calculation of
LIBOR. Similarly, it is not possible to predict whether LIBOR will continue to be viewed as an acceptable market benchmark,
what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR or what the effect of any such changes in views or alternatives
may  be  on  the  markets  for  LIBOR-indexed  financial  instruments.  The  Alternative  Reference  Rates  Committee  (“ARRC”)  has
proposed  that  the  Secured  Overnight  Financing  Rate  (“SOFR”)  is  the  rate  that  represents  best  practice  as  the  alternative  to
LIBOR for  use  in  derivatives  and  other  financial  contracts  that  are  currently  indexed  to  LIBOR.  ARRC has  proposed  a  paced
market  transition  plan  to  SOFR  from  LIBOR  and  organizations  are  currently  working  on  industry  wide  and  company  specific
transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to LIBOR.

We have material loans and interest rate swap agreements that are indexed to LIBOR and are monitoring this activity
and evaluating the related risks. If LIBOR rates are no longer available and we are required to implement substitute indices for
the calculation  of interest rates, we may incur expenses in effecting the transition, and may be subject to disputes or litigation
with customers and security holders over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the substitute indices, which could
have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Additionally, since alternative rates are calculated differently, payments under
loans  and  interest  rate  swap  agreements  referencing  new  rates  will  differ  from  those  referencing  LIBOR.  The  transition  may
change our market risk profile, requiring changes to risk and pricing models.

Strong competition within our market area may reduce our profits and slow growth.

We face strong competition in making loans and attracting deposits. Price competition for loans and deposits sometimes
requires  us  to  charge  lower  interest  rates  on  our  loans  and  pay  higher  interest  rates  on  our  deposits,  and  may  reduce  our  net
interest  income.  Competition  also  makes  it  more  difficult  and  costly  to  attract  and  retain  qualified  employees.  Many  of  the
institutions with which we compete have substantially greater resources and lending limits than we have and may offer services
that  we  do  not  provide.  Our  competitors  often  aggressively  price  loan  and  deposit  products  when  they  enter  into  new  lines  of
business or new market areas. If we are unable to effectively compete in our market area, our profitability would be negatively
affected. The greater resources and broader offering of deposit and loan products of some of our competitors may also limit our
ability to increase our interest-earning assets.

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We continually encounter technological changes and the failure to understand and adapt to these changes could hurt our
business.

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new
technology-driven products and services which increase efficiency and enable financial institutions to serve customers better and
to reduce costs. Technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for "non-banks" to offer traditional bank products
and  services  using  innovative  technological  platforms  such  as  Fintech  and  Blockchain.  These  "digital  banks"  may  be  able  to
achieve economies of scale and offer better pricing for banking products and services than the Company can. The Company’s
future success depends, in part, upon its ability to leverage technology to increase our operational efficiency as well as address
the current and evolving needs of our customers. However, our competitors may have greater resources to invest in technological
improvements,  we  may  not  always  have  capital  levels  which  are  sufficient  to  support  a  robust  investment  in  our  technology
infrastructure or we may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in
marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological changes affecting
the  financial  services  industry  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  business  and,  in  turn,  the  Company’s
financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to stringent capital requirements, which may adversely impact our return on equity, require us to raise
additional capital, or restrict us from paying dividends or repurchasing shares.

Federal regulations establish minimum capital requirements for insured depository institutions, including minimum risk-
based  capital  and  leverage  ratios,  and  define  what  constitutes  “capital”  for  calculating  these  ratios.  The  minimum  capital
requirements are: (1) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (2) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 6%; (3) a total
capital  ratio  of  8%;  and  (4)  a  Tier  1  leverage  ratio  of  4%.  The  regulations  also  require  unrealized  gains  and  losses  on  certain
“available-for-sale” securities holdings to be included for calculating regulatory capital requirements unless a one-time opt-out is
exercised.  We  elected  to  exercise  our  one-time  option  to  opt-out  of  the  requirement  under  the  final  rule  to  include  certain
“available-for-sale”  securities  holdings  for  calculating  our  regulatory  capital  requirements.  The  regulations  also  establish  a
“capital  conservation  buffer”  of  2.5%,  resulting  in  the  following  minimum  ratios:  (1)  a  common  equity  Tier  1  capital  ratio  of
7.0%, (2) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%, and (3) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. The capital conservation buffer
requirement  began  being  phased  in  January  2016  at  0.625%  of  risk-weighted  assets  and  increased  each  year  until  it  was  fully
implemented in January 2019. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases,
and  paying  discretionary  bonuses  if  its  capital  level  falls  below  the  buffer  amount.  These  limitations  will  establish  a
maximum percentage of eligible retained income that can be utilized for such actions. As of June 30, 2020, we have not elected
the community bank leverage ratio framework and accordingly the Basel III capital requirements remain applicable.

The application of more stringent Basel III capital requirements could, among other things, result in lower returns on
equity,  require  the  raising  of  additional  capital,  and  result  in  regulatory  actions  if  we  were  to  be  unable  to  comply  with  such
requirements. Implementation of changes to asset risk weightings for risk-based capital calculations, items included or deducted
in  calculating  Basel  III  regulatory  capital  and/or  additional  Basel  III  capital  conservation  buffers  could  result  in  management
modifying its business strategy, and could limit our ability to pay dividends or repurchase our shares.

Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations will subject us to fines or
sanctions.

The  USA  PATRIOT  and  Bank  Secrecy  Acts  require  financial  institutions  to  develop  programs  to  prevent  financial
institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities. Once such activities are detected, financial institutions
are obligated to file suspicious activity reports with the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These
rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying and verifying the identity of customers that open new
financial accounts. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines or sanctions. We are in the process of improving
and enhancing our Bank Secrecy Act policies and procedures in order to bring us into full compliance with applicable laws and
regulations. Failure to adequately maintain our Bank Secrecy Act programs could lead to restrictions on conducting acquisitions
or establishing new branches and other regulatory actions and could also have serious reputational consequences for us, which
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Our success depends on retaining certain key personnel.

Our  performance  largely  depends  on  the  talents  and  efforts  of  highly  skilled  individuals  who  comprise  our  senior
management team. We rely on key personnel to manage and operate our business, including major revenue generating functions
such as loan and deposit generation, wealth management and insurance businesses. The loss of key staff may adversely affect our
ability  to  maintain  and  manage  these  functions  effectively,  which  could  negatively  affect  our  income.  In  addition,  loss  of  key
personnel could result in increased recruiting and hiring expenses, which would reduce our net income. Our continued ability to
compete effectively depends on our ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate our existing employees.

Systems failures or breaches of our network security could subject us to increased operating costs as well as litigation and
other liabilities.

Our operations depend upon our ability to protect our computer systems and network infrastructure against damage from
physical  theft,  fire,  power  loss,  telecommunications  failure  or  a  similar  catastrophic  event,  as  well  as  from  security  breaches,
denial of service attacks, viruses, worms and other disruptive problems caused by hackers. Any damage or failure that causes an
interruption in our operations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Computer
break-ins, phishing and other disruptions could also jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our
computer systems and network infrastructure, which may result in significant liability to us and may cause existing and potential
customers to refrain from doing business with us. Although we, with the help of third-party service providers, intend to continue
to implement security technology and establish operational procedures designed to prevent such damage, our security measures
may  not  be  successful.  In  addition,  advances  in  computer  capabilities,  new  discoveries  in  the  field  of  cryptography  or  other
developments could result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms we and our third-party service providers use to encrypt
and protect customer transaction data. A failure of such security measures could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations. We face potential heightened cybersecurity risks during the COVID-19 pandemic as people
continue  to  work  from  home,  including  our  customers,  our  employees  and  the  employees  of  our  vendors.  While  we  have
implemented appropriate safeguards to protect our employees from potential cybersecurity threats while they work from home,
these security measures may not be successful.

Threats to the security of our networks and data, as described above, continue to increase as the frequency, intensity and
sophistication  of  attempted  attacks  and  intrusions  increase  around  the  world.  In  response  to  these  threats  there  has  been
heightened regulatory focus on data privacy and cybersecurity from our federal and state banking regulators and as a result, we
must  comply  with  an  evolving  set  of  legal  requirements  in  this  area,  including  substantive  cybersecurity  standards  as  well  as
requirements  for  notifying  regulators  and  affected  individuals  in  the  event  of  a  data  security  incident.  This  regulatory
environment is increasingly challenging and may present material obligations and risks to our business, including significantly
expanded compliance burdens, costs and enforcement risks.

It  is  possible  that  we  could  incur  significant  costs  associated  with  a  breach  of  our  computer  systems.  While  we  have
cyber  liability  insurance,  there  are  limitations  on  coverage.  Furthermore,  cyber  incidents  carry  a  greater  risk  of  injury  to  our
reputation. Finally, depending on the type of incident, banking regulators can impose restrictions on our business and consumer
laws may require reimbursement of customer losses.

Changes in accounting standards could affect reported earnings.

The bodies responsible for establishing accounting standards, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the
Securities and Exchange Commission and bank regulators, periodically change the financial accounting and reporting guidance
that governs the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can be hard to predict and can materially impact how we
record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply new or revised
guidance retroactively.

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The cost of additional finance and accounting systems, procedures and controls in order to satisfy our public company
reporting requirements will increase our expenses.

As a result of the completion of our initial public offering, we became a public reporting company. The obligations of
being  a  public  company,  including  the  substantial  public  reporting  obligations,  require  significant  expenditures  and  place
additional demands on our management team. We have made, and will continue to make, changes to our internal controls and
procedures  for  financial  reporting  and  accounting  systems  to  meet  our  reporting  obligations  as  a  stand-alone  public  company.
However, the measures we take may not be sufficient to satisfy our obligations as a public company. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-
Oxley  Act  of  2002  (the  “Sarbanes  Oxley  Act”)  requires  annual  management  assessments  of  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal
control  over  financial  reporting,  beginning  with  this  annual  report.  Any  failure  to  achieve  and  maintain  an  effective  internal
control  environment  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business  and  stock  price.  In  addition,  we  may  need  to  hire
additional compliance, accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical knowledge, and
we may not be able to do so in a timely fashion. As a result, we may need to rely on outside consultants to provide these services
for  us  until  qualified  personnel  are  hired.  These  obligations  will  increase  our  operating  expenses  and  could  divert  our
management’s attention from our operations.

Our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for significant losses.

Our  risk  management  framework  is  designed  to  minimize  risk  and  loss  to  us.  We  try  to  identify,  measure,  monitor,
report  and  control  our  exposure  to  risk,  including  strategic,  market,  liquidity,  compliance  and  operational  risks.  While  we  use
broad  and  diversified  risk  monitoring  and  mitigation  techniques,  these  techniques  are  inherently  limited  because  they  cannot
anticipate  the  existence  or  future  development  of  currently  unanticipated  or  unknown  risks.  Recent  economic  conditions  and
heightened legislative and regulatory scrutiny of the financial services industry, among other developments, have increased our
level of risk. Accordingly, we could suffer losses if we fail to properly anticipate and manage these risks.

We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities.

A  significant  portion  of  our  loan  portfolio  is  secured  by  real  estate,  and  we  could  become  subject  to  environmental
liabilities with respect to one or more of these properties. During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take
title to properties securing defaulted loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these
properties. If hazardous conditions or toxic substances are found on these properties, we may be liable for remediation costs, as
well as for personal injury and property damage, civil fines and criminal penalties regardless of when the hazardous conditions or
toxic substances first affected any particular property. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses to address
unknown  liabilities  and  may  materially  reduce  the  affected  property’s  value  or  limit  our  ability  to  use  or  sell  the  affected
property.  In  addition,  future  laws  or  more  stringent  interpretations  or  enforcement  policies  with  respect  to  existing  laws  may
increase our exposure to environmental liability. Although we have policies and procedures to perform an environmental review
before  initiating  any  foreclosure  on  nonresidential  real  property,  these  reviews  may  not  be  sufficient  to  detect  all  potential
environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could
have a material adverse effect on us.

We are a community bank and our ability to maintain our reputation is critical to the success of our business and the
failure to do so may materially adversely affect our performance.

We  are  a  community  bank,  and  our  reputation  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  components  of  our  business.  A  key
component of our business strategy is to rely on our reputation for customer service and knowledge of local markets to expand
our presence by capturing new business opportunities from existing and prospective customers in our market area and contiguous
areas. As such, we strive to conduct our business in a manner that enhances our reputation. This is done, in part, by recruiting,
hiring  and  retaining  employees  who  share  our  core  values  of  being  an  integral  part  of  the  communities  we  serve,  delivering
superior  service  to  our  customers  and  caring  about  our  customers  and  associates.  If  our  reputation  is  negatively  affected  as  a
result of certain actions we take, by the actions of our employees, by our inability to conduct our operations in a manner that is
appealing to current or prospective customers, or otherwise, our business and, therefore, our operating results may be materially
adversely affected.

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Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Pioneer Bancorp, MHC’s majority control of our common stock will enable it to exercise voting control over most matters
put to a vote of stockholders and will prevent stockholders from forcing a sale or a second-step conversion transaction you
may find advantageous.

Pioneer Bancorp, MHC owns a majority of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock and, through its board of trustees,
will be able to exercise voting control over most matters put to a vote of stockholders. Most of the directors and officers who
manage Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. and Pioneer Bank also manage Pioneer Bancorp, MHC. As a New York-chartered mutual holding
company,  the  board  of  trustees  of  Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC  must  ensure  that  the  interests  of  depositors  of  Pioneer  Bank  are
represented and considered in matters put to a vote of stockholders of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. Therefore, the votes cast by Pioneer
Bancorp, MHC may not be in your personal best interests as a stockholder. For example, Pioneer Bancorp, MHC may exercise its
voting control to defeat a stockholder nominee for election to the board of directors of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. and will be able to
elect all of the directors of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. Some stockholders may desire a sale or merger transaction, since stockholders
typically receive a premium for their shares, or a second-step conversion transaction, since, on a fully converted basis most fully
stock institutions tend to trade at higher multiples of book value than mutual holding companies. However, stockholders will not
be  able  to  force  a  merger  or  a  second-step  conversion  transaction  without  the  consent  of  Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC  since  such
transactions  also  require,  under  New  York  and  federal  law,  the  approval  of  a  majority  of  all  of  the  outstanding  voting  stock,
which can only be achieved if Pioneer Bancorp, MHC votes to approve such transactions.

Our common stock is not heavily traded, and the stock price may fluctuate significantly.

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol “PBFS.” Certain brokers currently make a market in the
common  stock,  but  such  transactions  are  infrequent  and  the  volume  of  shares  traded  is  relatively  small.  Management  cannot
predict whether these or other brokers will continue to make a market in our common stock. Prices on stock that is not heavily
traded,  such  as  our  common  stock,  can  be  more  volatile  than  heavily  traded  stock.  Factors  such  as  our  financial  results,  the
introduction of new products and services by us or our competitors, publicity regarding the banking industry, and various other
factors  affecting  the  banking  industry  may  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  market  price  of  the  shares  of  the  common  stock.
Management also cannot predict the extent to which an active public market for our common stock will develop or be sustained
in the future. Accordingly, stockholders may not be able to sell their shares of our common stock at the volumes, prices, or times
that they desire.

Federal Reserve Board regulations and policy effectively prohibit Pioneer Bancorp, MHC from waiving the receipt of
dividends, which will likely preclude us from paying any dividends on our common stock.

Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.’s board of directors will have the authority to declare dividends on our common stock subject to
statutory and regulatory requirements. We currently intend to retain all our future earnings, if any, for use in our business and do
not  expect  to  pay  any  cash  dividends  on  our  common  stock  for  the  foreseeable  future.  Any  future  determination  to  pay  cash
dividends  will  be  made  by  our  board  of  directors  and  will  depend  upon  our  financial  condition,  results  of  operations,  capital
requirements,  restrictions  under Federal  Reserve Board regulations  and policy, our business strategy  and other factors  that our
board of directors deems relevant.

Under  current  Federal  Reserve  Board  regulations  and  policy,  if  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  pays  dividends  to  its  public
stockholders, it also would be required to pay dividends to Pioneer Bancorp, MHC, unless Pioneer Bancorp, MHC waives the
receipt of such dividends. Federal Reserve Board policy has been to prohibit mutual holding companies that are regulated as bank
holding  companies,  such  as  Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC,  from  waiving  the  receipt  of  dividends  and  the  Federal  Reserve  Board’s
regulations  implemented  after  the  enactment  of  the  Dodd-Frank  Act  effectively  prohibit  federally-chartered  mutual  holding
companies from waiving dividends declared by their subsidiaries. Therefore, unless Federal Reserve Board regulations or policy
change  to  allow  Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC  to  waive  the  receipt  of  dividends  declared  by  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  without  diluting
minority stockholders, it is unlikely that Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. will pay any dividends.

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Our stock value may be negatively affected by applicable regulations that restrict stock repurchases.

Applicable  regulations  restricted  us  from  repurchasing  any  of  our  shares  of  common  stock  during  the  first  year
following  the  offering  and  limit  us  from  repurchasing  our  shares  of  common  stock  during  each  of  the  second  and  third  years
following the offering  to 5% of our outstanding  shares, unless we obtain prior approval from the NYSDFS. As a result of the
COVID-19  pandemic,  regulatory  authorities  have  increased  their  scrutiny  of  stock  repurchase  plans  and  the  capital  impact  on
banks and their holding companies. Stock repurchases are a capital management tool that can enhance the value of a company’s
stock,  and  our  inability  to  repurchase  any  of  our  shares  of  common  stock  during  the  first  year  following  the  offering  and
limitations on our ability to repurchase our shares of common stock during the second and third years following the offering may
negatively affect our stock price.

Various factors may make takeover attempts more difficult to achieve.

Stock  banks  and  savings  banks  or  holding  companies,  as  well  as  individuals,  may  not  acquire  control  of  a  mutual
holding  company,  such  as  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  As  result,  the  only  persons  that  may  acquire  control  of  a  mutual  holding
company  are  other  mutual  savings  institutions  or  mutual  holding  companies.  Accordingly,  it  is  very  unlikely,  that  Pioneer
Bancorp, Inc. would be subject to any takeover attempt by activist stockholders or other financial institutions. In addition, certain
provisions  of  our  articles  of  incorporation  and  bylaws  and  state  and  federal  banking  laws,  including  regulatory  approval
requirements,  could  make  it  more  difficult  for  a  third  party  to  acquire  control  of  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  without  our  board  of
directors’ prior approval.

Under Federal Reserve Board regulations, for a period of three years following completion of the offering, no person
may directly or indirectly acquire or offer to acquire beneficial ownership of more than 10% of our common stock without prior
approval of the Federal Reserve Board. Under federal law, subject to certain exemptions, a person, entity or group must notify the
Federal Reserve Board before acquiring control of a bank holding company. Acquisition of 10% or more of any class of voting
stock of a bank holding company creates a rebuttable presumption that the acquirer “controls” the bank holding company. Also, a
bank holding company must obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board and the NYSDFS before, among other things,
acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of any class of voting shares of any bank, including Pioneer
Bank.

There  also  are  provisions  in  our  articles  of  incorporation  that  may  be  used  to  delay  or  block  a  takeover  attempt,
including a provision that generally prohibits any person, other than Pioneer Bancorp, MHC, from voting more than 10% of the
shares of common stock outstanding. Taken as a whole, these statutory provisions and provisions in our articles of incorporation
could result in our being less attractive to a potential acquirer and thus could adversely affect the market price of our common
stock.

We are an emerging growth company, and if we elect to comply only with the reduced reporting and disclosure
requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, our common stock may be less attractive to investors.

We  are  an  emerging  growth  company.  For  as  long  as  we  continue  to  be  an  emerging  growth  company,  we  currently
intend  to  take  advantage  of  exemptions  from  various  reporting  requirements  applicable  to  other  public  companies  but  not  to
“emerging  growth  companies,”  including,  reduced  disclosure  obligations  regarding  executive  compensation  in  our  periodic
reports  and  proxy  statements,  and  exemptions  from  the  requirements  of  holding  a  non-binding  advisory  vote  on  executive
compensation  and  stockholder  approval  of  any  golden  parachute  payments  not  previously  approved.  Investors  may  find  our
common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions.

As an emerging growth company, we are not subject to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which would require
that  our  independent  auditors  review  and  attest  to  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  We  are
eligible to remain an emerging growth company for up to five years following the completion of our initial public offering. We
will cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest of: (1) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of
this offering; (2) the first fiscal year after our annual gross revenues are $1.07 billion or more; (3) the date on which we have,
during  the  previous  three-year  period,  issued  more  than  $1.0  billion  in  non-convertible  debt  securities;  or  (4)  the  end  of  any
fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million at the end of the second
quarter of that fiscal year.

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Our contribution to the charitable foundation may not be tax deductible, which could reduce our profits.

We  may  not  have  sufficient  profits  to  be  able  to  fully  use  the  tax  deduction  from  our  contribution  to  the  charitable
foundation. Under the Internal Revenue Code, an entity is permitted to deduct up to 10% of its taxable income (generally income
before federal income taxes and charitable contributions expense) in any one year for charitable contributions. Any contribution
in excess  of the 10% limit  may be deducted  for federal  income tax purposes over each  of the five  years following the year in
which the charitable contribution is made. Accordingly, a charitable contribution could, if necessary, be deducted over a six-year
period and expires thereafter.

ITEM 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable to a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 2.

Properties

As  of  June  30,  2020,  the  net  book  value  of  our  office  properties  was  $35.0  million.  The  following  table  sets  forth

information regarding our offices.

Location

Main Office:
652 Albany Shaker Road, Albany, NY 12211

Other Properties:
21 Second Street, Troy, NY 12180
531 Troy-Schenectady Road, Latham, NY 12110
2000 Second Avenue, Watervliet, NY 12189
1828 Altamont Avenue, Schenectady, NY 12305
1208 Route 146, Clifton Park, NY 12065
10 Kendall Way, Malta, NY 12020
78 Main Avenue, Wynantskill, NY 12198
712 Hoosick Street, Brunswick, NY 12180
329 Glenmont Road, Glenmont, NY 12077
142 Saratoga Avenue, Waterford, NY 12188
1770 Central Avenue, Albany, NY 12205
602 North Greenbush Road, Rensselaer, NY 12144
90 State Street, Albany, NY 12207
1881‑1883 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12203
184 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054
843 Route 146, Clifton Park, NY 12065
426 State Street, Schenectady, NY 12305
440 Main Street, Cairo, NY 12413
11565 NY‑32, Greenville, NY 12083
739 Upper Glen Street, Queensbury, NY 12804
100 Mohawk Street, Cohoes, NY 12047

(1) The property is subject to a ground lease.

     Leased or

    Year Acquired     Net Book Value of

Owned

or Leased

Real Property
(In thousands)

  Owned (1)

2016

$

 15,731

Leased
Owned
Leased
Owned
Leased
Owned
Owned
Owned
Leased
Owned
Leased
Leased
Leased
Owned
Owned
Leased
Leased
Owned
Leased
Leased
Owned

2016
2008
2017
2012
1995
2016
2014
2015
2014
2015
2019
2017
2013
2018
2010
2012
2014
2016
2016
2017
2017

 55
 1,939
 141
 1,903
 5
 1,840
 1,846
 1,664
 217
 1,559
 261
 275
 216
 4,810
 940
 206
 220
 380
 29
 72
 537

We believe that the current facilities are adequate to meet our present and foreseeable needs, subject to possible future

expansion.

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ITEM 3.

Legal Proceedings

In  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  we  are  involved  in  a  number  of  legal,  regulatory,  governmental  and  other
proceedings or investigations concerning matters arising from the conduct of our business, including the matters described below.
In  view  of  the  inherent  difficulty  of  predicting  the  outcome  of  such  matters,  particularly  where  the  claimants  seek  large  or
indeterminate  damages,  we  generally  cannot  predict  the  eventual  outcome  of  the  pending  matters,  timing  of  the  ultimate
resolution  of  these  matters,  or  eventual  loss,  fines  or  penalties  related  to  each  pending  matter.  In  accordance  with  applicable
accounting guidance, we establish an accrued liability when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and
estimable. These estimates are based upon currently available information and are subject to significant judgment, a variety of
assumptions and known and unknown uncertainties. Our estimates of potential losses will change over time and the actual losses
may  vary  significantly,  and  there  may  be  an  exposure  to  loss  in  excess  of  any  amounts  accrued.  As a  matter  develops,  we, in
conjunction  with  any  outside  counsel  handling  the  matter,  evaluate  on  an  ongoing  basis  whether  such  matter  presents  a  loss
contingency that is probable and estimable; or where a loss is reasonably possible, whether in excess of a related accrued liability
or  where  there  is  no  accrued  liability,  whether  it  is  possible  to  estimate  a  range  of  possible  loss.  Once  the  loss  contingency  is
deemed to be both probable and estimable, we establish an accrued liability and record a corresponding amount of expense. We
continue  to  monitor  the  matter  for  further  developments  that  could  affect  the  amount  of  the  accrued  liability  that  has  been
previously established.    

Information  is  provided  below  regarding  the  nature  of  the  matters  and  associated  claimed  damages.  The  amount  of
reasonably  possible  losses  for  the  matters  described  below  cannot  be  estimated  at  this  time.  The  Company  and  the  Bank  are
defending each of these matters vigorously, and the Company believes that it and the Bank have substantial defenses, including
affirmative  defenses,  counterclaims  and  cross-claims  to  the  various  allegations  that  have  been  asserted.  Based  on  current
knowledge, other than disclosed below, we are not a party to any pending legal or other proceedings that we believe would have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In light of the significant judgment, variety
of assumptions and uncertainties involved in these matters, some of which are beyond our control, and the large or indeterminate
damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could have an adverse material
impact on our business, prospects, results of operations for any particular reporting period, or cause significant reputational harm.

On October 31, 2019, Southwestern Payroll Services, Inc. (“Southwestern”) filed a complaint against the Company and
the  Bank  (“Pioneer  Parties”),  Michael  T.  Mann,  Valuewise  Corporation,  MyPayrollHR,  LLC  and  Cloud  Payroll,  LLC
(collectively,  the  “Mann  Parties”)  in  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of  New  York.  The  complaint
alleged that the Pioneer Parties (i) wrongfully converted certain funds belonging to Southwestern, (ii) engaged in fraudulent and
wrongful  collection  and  retention  of  funds  belonging  to  Southwestern,  and  (iii)  committed  gross  negligence  and  that
Southwestern is entitled to a constructive trust limiting how the Pioneer Parties distribute the funds in question, which are about
$9.8 million. On November 26, 2019, the Pioneer Parties moved to dismiss Southwestern’s fraud claim, which also postponed the
Pioneer Parties’ deadline to file an answer until 14 days after the court decides the motion to dismiss. On December 10, 2019,
Southwestern filed a response to the Pioneer Parties’ motion to dismiss and an amended complaint, which rendered the Pioneer
Parties’  motion  to  dismiss  moot.  The  amended  complaint  named  several  additional  corporate  entities  affiliated  with  the  Mann
Parties  as  co-defendants  and  asserted  claims  against  the  Pioneer  Parties  for  declaratory  judgment,  conversion,  actual  and
constructive fraud, gross negligence, unjust enrichment and constructive trust, and an accounting. The amended complaint sought
a monetary judgment of at least $9.8 million. Each party has filed numerous motions in the proceedings. On January 10, 2020,
the  Pioneer  Parties  moved  again  to  dismiss  Southwestern’s  fraud  claim  in  the  amended  complaint,  which  also  postponed  the
Pioneer Parties’ deadline to file an answer to the amended complaint until 14 days after the court decided the motion to dismiss.
On  April  16,  2020,  the  court  granted  the  Pioneer  Parties’  motion  to  dismiss  Southwestern’s  fraud  claim.  On  April  30,  2020,
Southwestern filed a motion for both leave to file a second amended complaint and for reconsideration of the court’s dismissal of
Southwestern’s fraud claim.  On May 1, 2020, the Pioneer Parties filed their answer to Southwestern’s amended complaint. The
Pioneer Parties asserted numerous affirmative defenses, counterclaims against Southwestern, and cross-claims against certain of
the Mann Parties, including for common law fraud under New York law and violations of the federal Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organization Act. The Pioneer Parties contend that the actions of Southwestern and certain of the Mann Parties resulted
in damages of $15.6 million, plus pre-judgment interest. On July 7, 2020, the court granted Southwestern leave to file a second
amended  complaint,  which  Southwestern  filed  on  July  16,  2020.  Southwestern’s  second  amended  complaint  asserted  claims
against the Pioneer Parties for declaratory judgment, conversion, actual and constructive fraud, gross

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negligence,  unjust  enrichment  and  constructive  trust,  and  an  accounting  –  and  sought  a  monetary  judgment  of  at  least  $9.8
million.  On  July  30,  2020,  the  Pioneer  Parties  filed  an  amended  answer  to  Southwestern’s  second  amended  complaint,  which
asserted the same affirmative  defenses, counterclaims, and cross-claims as the Pioneer Parties’ prior answer to Southwestern’s
amended complaint.

On December 10, 2019, National Payment Corp. (“NatPay”) filed a motion to intervene as a plaintiff in Southwestern’s
lawsuit  against  the  Pioneer  Parties  and  the  Mann  Parties  as  described  above.  On  January  10,  2020,  the  Pioneer  Parties  filed
opposition  to  NatPay’s  motion  to  intervene.  On  August  4,  2020,  the  magistrate  judge  issued  a  decision  recommending  that
NatPay be allowed to intervene. While the district judge has not yet adopted the magistrate’s recommended decision, NatPay was
allowed to file its complaint in intervention on August 18, 2020. NatPay’s complaint includes claims for declaratory judgment,
conversion, fraud, gross negligence, unjust enrichment and constructive trust, and for an accounting against the Pioneer Parties.
The  prayer  for  relief  in  NatPay’s  complaint  seeks  “compensatory  damages  in  an  amount  of  no  less  than  $4  million”  (the
complaint also seeks punitive damages and interest in unspecified amounts). On September 8, 2020, the Pioneer Parties filed their
answer and affirmative defenses to NatPay’s complaint.

On  January  21,  2020,  Cachet  Financial  Services  (“Cachet”),  a  third-party  automated  clearing  house  service  provider,
filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the Central District of California, Los
Angeles Division. Cachet is currently involved in legal proceedings against certain Mann Parties and other related parties. The
Bank is not listed as a creditor in the bankruptcy proceedings. However, in the filings with the bankruptcy court, Cachet asserts
that the Bank is holding $7.0 million of its funds. The Company and the Bank dispute this assertion and, if necessary, intend to
defend themselves vigorously.

On February 4, 2020, Berkshire Hills Bancorp Inc.’s wholly owned subsidiary Berkshire Bank (“Berkshire Bank”) filed
a complaint against the Bank in the Supreme Court of the State of New York for Albany County resulting from Berkshire Bank’s
participation interest in the commercial loan relationship to the Mann Entities. The complaint alleges that the Bank (1) breached
the  amended  and  restated  loan  participation  agreement  between  the  Bank  and  Berkshire  Bank  dated  as  of  June  27,  2018,  (2)
breached the amended and restated loan participation agreement between the Bank and Berkshire Bank dated as of August 12,
2019, (3) engaged in constructive fraud, (4) engaged in fraudulent inducement, (5) engaged in fraudulent concealment, and (6)
negligently misrepresented certain material information. The complaint seeks to recover $15.6 million and additional damages.
On August 14, 2020, the Bank filed a motion to dismiss five of Berkshire Bank’s claims.

On  February  4,  2020,  Chemung  Financial  Corporation’s  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Chemung  Canal  Trust  Company
(“Chemung”), filed a complaint against the Bank in the Supreme Court of the State of New York for Albany County resulting
from Chemung’s participation interest in the commercial loan relationship to the Mann Entities. The complaint alleges that the
Bank  (1)  breached  the  participation  agreement  between  the  Bank  and  Chemung  dated  as  of  August  12,  2019,  (2)  engaged  in
fraudulent  activities,  (3)  engaged  in  constructive  fraud,  and  (4)  negligently  misrepresented  and  omitted  certain  material
information. The complaint seeks to recover $4.2 million and additional damages. On August 14, 2020, the Bank filed a motion
to dismiss three of Chemung’s four claims.

On April 30, 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), with the authorization of a delegate of the Secretary of the
Treasury, filed a civil complaint against the Company and the Bank (and Cloud Payroll, LLC) in the United States District Court
for the Northern District of New York. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the Company and the Bank wrongfully
seized approximately $7.3 million from an account held by Cloud Payroll to apply towards debts allegedly owed to the Bank by
Cloud Payroll and other affiliates of Michael Mann. The complaint alleges that the funds in question were comprised of payroll
taxes  and  thus  subject  to  a  statutory  trust  under  26  U.S.C.  §  7501  that  prohibited  the  Bank  from  seizing  those  funds  to  apply
towards debts owed to the Bank. The complaint seeks return of any payroll taxes, plus interest. The Bank and the Company must
answer or otherwise respond to the government’s complaint by October 1, 2020. The complaint relates to the same set of facts
described below in Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Recent
Developments - Potentially Fraudulent Activity,” and the alleged payroll taxes, plus interest, sought in this proceeding may be
part of the recovery sought in the Southwestern and NatPay complaints described above.

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On August 31, 2020, AXH Air-Coolers, LLC (“AXH”) filed a complaint against the Company, the Bank, and unnamed
employees of the Pioneer Parties in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The complaint alleges
that the Pioneer Parties (i) wrongfully converted certain tax funds belonging to AXH, (ii) were unjustly enriched by the wrongful
taking  of  tax  funds  belonging  to  AXH,  and  (iii)  were  grossly  negligent  in  allowing  AXH’s  tax  funds  to  be  misappropriated,
offset, converted, or stolen. The prayer for relief in AXH’s complaint seeks $336,000, plus penalties and interest, attorney’s fees,
and punitive damages. The complaint relates to the same set of facts as the DOJ complaint as described above, and the alleged
taxes sought in the DOJ, Southwestern, and NatPay complaints. The Pioneer Parties must answer or otherwise respond to AXH’s
complaint by November 5, 2020.

The Company and the Bank have received inquiries and requests for information from regulatory agencies relating to
some of the entities and events that are the subjects of certain lawsuits described above. This has resulted in, or may in the future
result  in,  regulatory  agency  investigations,  litigation,  subpoenas,  enforcement  actions,  and  related  sanctions  or  costs.  The
Company and the Bank continue to cooperate with inquiries and respond to requests as appropriate.

The Company and the Bank continue to investigate these matters and it is possible that the Company and the Bank will
be subject to similar legal, regulatory, governmental or other proceedings and additional liabilities. The ultimate outcome of any
such proceedings, involving the Company, the Bank or the Pioneer Parties, cannot be predicted with any certainty. It also remains
possible that other parties will pursue additional claims  against the Bank as a result of the Bank’s dealings with certain of the
Mann Entities or as a result of the actions taken by the Pioneer Parties. The Company’s and the Bank’s legal fees and expenses
related  to  these  actions  are  significant.  In  addition,  costs  associated  with  potentially  prosecuting,  litigating  or  settling  any
litigation,  satisfying  any  adverse  judgments,  if  any,  or  other  proceedings,  could  be  significant.  These  costs,  settlements,
judgments,  sanctions  or  other  expenses  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  financial  condition,  results  of
operations or cash flows.

ITEM 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities

The common stock of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. has been listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “PBFS”

since July 18, 2019. At September 15, 2020, Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. had approximately 1,116 stockholders of record.

Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. currently does not anticipate paying a dividend to its stockholders. The payment and amount of
any  dividend  payments  will  be  subject  to  statutory  and  regulatory  limitations,  and  will  depend  upon  a  number  of  factors,
including the following: regulatory capital requirements; our financial condition and results of operations; our other uses of funds
for the long-term value of stockholders; tax considerations; the Federal Reserve Board’s current regulations restricting the waiver
of dividends by mutual holding companies; and general economic conditions.

The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement providing that dividends should be paid only out of current
earnings  and  only  if  our  prospective  rate  of  earnings  retention  is  consistent  with  our  capital  needs,  asset  quality  and  overall
financial  condition.  Regulatory  guidance  also  provides  for  prior  regulatory  consultation  with  respect  to  capital  distributions  in
certain  circumstances  such  as  where  the  holding  company’s  net  income  for  the  past  four  quarters,  net  of  dividends  previously
paid  over  that  period,  is  insufficient  to  fully  fund  the  dividend  or  the  holding  company’s  overall  rate  or  earnings  retention  is
inconsistent with its capital needs and overall financial condition. In addition, Pioneer Bank’s ability  to pay dividends may be
limited  if  it  does  not  have  the  capital  conservation  buffer  required  by  certain  capital  rules,  which  may  limit  our  ability  to  pay
dividends  to  stockholders.  No  assurances  can  be  given  that  any  dividends  will  be  paid  or  that,  if  paid,  will  not  be  reduced  or
eliminated in the future. Special cash dividends, stock dividends or returns of capital, to the extent permitted by regulations and
policies of the Federal Reserve Board and the NYSDFS, may be paid in addition to, or in lieu of, regular cash dividends.

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There were no sales of unregistered securities or repurchases of shares of common stock during the year ended June 30,

2020.

ITEM 6.

Selected Financial Data

The following  tables  set  forth  selected  consolidated  historical  financial  and other  data  for Pioneer  Bancorp, Inc.  on a
consolidated basis at and for the year ended June 30, 2020 and Pioneer Bank, on a consolidated basis, at and for the years ended
June 30, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016. It is only a summary and it should be read in conjunction with the business and financial
information contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the consolidated financial statements that appear
starting on page 72 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The information at June 30, 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended
June 30, 2020 and 2019 is derived in part from the audited consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. The information at June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 and for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is derived in
part from audited consolidated financial statements not appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Selected Financial Condition Data:
Total assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
Equity securities
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
Bank-owned life insurance
Premises and equipment, net
Deposits
Borrowings
Shareholders' equity

Selected Operating Data:
Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Provision for loan losses
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
Non-interest income
Non-interest expense
(Loss) income before income taxes
Income tax (benefit) expense
Net (loss) income
Loss per share

2020

At June 30,
2018
(In thousands except for per share amounts)

2019

2017

$  1,526,412
 156,903
 75,768
 6,822
 8,533
 1,010
 1,148,399
 17,240
 40,863
 1,270,150

$  1,479,992
 230,109
 86,695
 3,873
 8,658
 924
 1,053,938
 17,834
 41,710
 1,331,318

$  1,284,128
 120,280
 79,212
 5,297
 8,851
 883
 985,902
 17,715
 42,902
 1,150,262

 —  

 —  

 —  

 223,966

 134,965

 118,063

$  1,134,139
 40,261
 73,215
 2,213
 8,760
 1,149
 932,762
 17,601
 37,384
 1,010,026
 5,000
 104,012

2019

For the Years Ended June 30,
2018
2017
(In thousands)

$  54,159
 4,480
   49,679
 2,350
   47,329
   14,407
   37,890
   23,846
 4,830
 19,016

$  46,486
 3,186
   43,300
 1,970
   41,330
   12,804
   36,325
   17,809
 6,310
 11,499

$  37,621
 2,411
 35,210
 2,395
 32,815
 10,897
 35,366
 8,346
 2,715
 5,631

2020

$  53,519
 4,731
   48,788
   22,590
   26,198
   15,682
   51,685
 (9,805)
 (3,296)
 (6,509)
$  (0.26)

55

2016

$  995,918
 34,518
 91,531
 3,811
 9,420
 1,584
 789,010
 17,527
 30,703
 864,188
 17,000
 93,610

2016

$  32,161
 1,648
 30,513
 1,180
 29,333
 8,226
 30,272
 7,287
 2,289
 4,998

    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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2020

At or For the Years Ended June 30,
2018

2017

2019

2016

Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets
Return on average equity
Interest rate spread (1)
Net interest margin (2)
Non-interest expenses to average assets
Efficiency ratio (3)
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing
liabilities

Capital Ratios (4):
Average equity to average assets
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Tier 1 capital to average assets

Asset Quality Ratios:
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-performing loans  
Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans during the year
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total assets
Total non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets

 (0.45)%  
 (2.89)%  
 3.50 %  
 3.70 %  
 3.55 %  
 80.17 %  

 1.43 %  
 14.93 %  
 3.93 %  
 4.10 %  
 2.85 %  
 59.12 %  

 0.92 %  
 10.51 %  
 3.67 %  
 3.78 %  
 2.91 %  
 64.75 %  

 0.52 %  
 5.83 %  
 3.47 %  
 3.57 %  
 3.27 %  
 76.70 %  

 0.53 %
 5.18 %
 3.43 %
 3.51 %
 3.19 %
 78.14 %

 156.96 %    145.04 %    141.49 %    139.29 %    139.05 %

 15.46 %  
 16.59 %  
 15.33 %  
 15.33 %  
 11.53 %  

 9.57 %  
 13.85 %  
 12.58 %  
 12.58 %  
 9.99 %  

 8.77 %  
 12.86 %  
 11.59 %  
 11.59 %  
 9.17 %  

 8.93 %  
 12.41 %  
 11.18 %  
 11.18 %  
 9.60 %  

 10.17 %
 14.10 %
 12.91 %
 12.91 %
 10.87 %

 1.25 %  

 1.35 %  

 1.36 %  

 1.95 %  

 1.23 %
 172.20 %    114.35 %    142.05 %    149.68 %    155.44 %
 0.05 %
 0.79 %
 0.63 %
 0.63 %

 0.13 %  
 1.19 %  
 0.86 %  
 0.87 %  

 1.30 %  
 1.13 %  
 0.87 %  
 0.89 %  

 0.04 %  
 0.84 %  
 0.70 %  
 0.70 %  

 0.03 %  
 0.95 %  
 0.74 %  
 0.75 %  

Other:
Number of offices
Number of full-time equivalent employees

 22  
 256  

 22  
 258  

 22  
 259  

 22  
 251  

 18
 215

(1) Represents the difference between the weighted average yield on average interest-earning assets and the weighted average

cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the years.

(2) Represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
(3) Represents non-interest expenses divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
(4) Capital Ratios are for Pioneer Bank

ITEM 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This  discussion  and  analysis  reflects  our  consolidated  financial  statements  and  other  relevant  statistical  data,  and  is
intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The information in this section has
been  derived  in  part  from  the  consolidated  financial  statements  that  appear  beginning  on  page  72  of  this  Annual  Report  on
Form 10-K and other consolidated financial statements that are not included herein. Please read the information in this section in
conjunction  with  the  business  and  financial  information  regarding  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.,  Pioneer  Bank  and  the  consolidated
financial statements that appear starting on page 72 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Net Interest Income. Our primary source of income is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between
interest income, which is the income we earn on our loans and investments, and interest expense, which is the interest we pay on
our deposits and borrowings.

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Provision for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses.
The  allowance  for  loan  losses  is  increased  through  charges  to  the  provision  for  loan  losses.  Loans  are  charged  against  the
allowance  when management  believes that the collectability  of the principal loan amount is not probable. Recoveries on loans
previously  charged-off,  if  any,  are  credited  to  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  when  realized.  It  is  likely  we  will  incur  elevated
provision for loan losses and charge-offs due to the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of our market
area and our customers.

Non-interest  Income.  Our  primary  sources  of  non-interest  income  are  banking  fees  and  service  charges,  insurance,
employee benefits and wealth management services income. Our non-interest income also includes net gain or losses on equity
securities, net gain or losses on sales and calls of available for sale securities, net gains in cash surrender value of bank owned life
insurance, net gain or loss on disposal of assets, other gains and losses, and miscellaneous income.

Non-Interest  Expense.  Our  non-interest  expenses  consist  of  salaries  and  employee  benefits,  net  occupancy  and
equipment, data processing, advertising and marketing, federal deposit insurance premiums, professional fees, and other general
and administrative expenses.

Salaries  and  employee  benefits  consist  primarily  of  salaries  and  wages  paid  to  our  employees,  payroll  taxes,  and
expenses for worker’s compensation and disability insurance, health insurance, retirement plans and other employee benefits, as
well as commissions and other incentives.

Net  occupancy  and  equipment  expenses,  which  are  the  fixed  and  variable  costs  of  buildings  and  equipment,  consist
primarily of depreciation charges, rental expenses, furniture and equipment expenses, maintenance, real estate taxes and costs of
utilities. Depreciation of premises and equipment is computed using a straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of
the related assets or the expected lease terms, if shorter.

Data  processing  expenses  are  fees  we  pay  to  third  parties  for  use  of  their  software  and  for  processing  customer

information, deposits and loans.

Advertising and marketing includes most marketing expenses including multi-media advertising (public and in-store),

promotional events and materials, civic and sales focused memberships, and community support.

Federal deposit insurance premiums are payments we make to the FDIC for insurance of our deposit accounts.

Professional fees includes legal and other consulting expenses.

Other  expenses  include  expenses  for  office  supplies,  postage,  telephone,  insurance  and  other  miscellaneous  operating

expenses.

Income  Tax  Expense  (Benefit).  Our  income  tax  expense  (benefit)  is  the  total  of  the  current  year  income  tax  due  or
refundable  and  the  change  in  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  the  expected  future  tax
amounts for the temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, computed using
enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

Recent Developments

COVID-19 Pandemic

In early January 2020, the World Health Organization issued an alert that a novel coronavirus outbreak was emanating
from the Wuhan Province in China. Later in January, the first death related to the novel coronavirus, identified as Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”), occurred in the United States. Over the course of the next several weeks, the outbreak continued to
spread  to various  regions  of the  World  prompting  the World  Health  Organization  to declare  COVID-19 a global  pandemic  on
March 11, 2020. In the United States, the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus invoked various Federal and State, including New
York State, authorities to make emergency declarations and issue executive orders to

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limit  the  spread  of  the  disease.  Measures  included  restrictions  on  international  and  domestic  travel,  restrictions  on  business
operations, limitations on public gatherings, implementation of social distancing protocols, school closings, orders to shelter in
place and mandates to close all non-essential businesses to the public. During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2020 (the quarter ending
June 30, 2020), some of these restrictions were removed and some non-essential businesses were allowed to re-open in a limited
capacity,  adhering  to  social  distancing  and  disinfection  guidelines.  However,  these  restrictions  and  other  consequences  of  the
pandemic  have  resulted  in  significant  adverse  effects  for  many  different  types  of  businesses  and  have  resulted  in  a  significant
number  of  layoffs  and  furloughs  of  employees  in  our  market  area.  The  direct  and  indirect  effects  of  the  COVID-19 pandemic
have resulted in dramatic reductions in the level of economic activity in our market area and have severely hampered the ability
for businesses and consumers to meet their current repayment obligations.

Concerns about the spread of the disease and its anticipated negative impact on economic activity, severely disrupted
both  domestic  and  international  financial  markets  prompting  Central  Banks  around  the  World  to  inject  significant  amounts  of
monetary  stimulus  into  their  economies.  In  the  United  States,  the  Federal  Reserve  System’s  Federal  Open Market  Committee,
swiftly cut the target Federal Funds rate to a range of 0% to 0.25%, including a 50 basis point reduction in the target federal funds
rate on March 3, 2020 and an additional 100 basis point reduction on March 15, 2020. In addition, the Federal Reserve rolled out
various market support programs to ease the stress on financial markets. The estimated value of the pandemic-related monetary
stimulus  package  provided  through  the  Federal  Reserve’s  activities  is  estimated  at  $4  trillion.  In  addition  the  United  States
Congress, on March 27, 2020, passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which is intended
to provide approximately $2.5 trillion of direct support to U.S. citizens and businesses affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, and
on April 24, 2020, passed the Paycheck Protection and Health Care Enhancement Act (“Enhancement Act”), which is intended to
provide $484 billion in additional funding to replenish and supplement key programs under the CARES Act.

As the COVID-19 events unfolded throughout the second half of fiscal 2020, the Company implemented various plans,
strategies  and  protocols  to  protect  its  employees,  maintain  services  for  customers,  assure  the  functional  continuity  of  the
Company’s operating systems, controls and processes, and mitigate financial risks posed by changing market conditions. In order
to  protect  its  employees  and  assure  workforce  and  operational  continuity,  the  Company  imposed  business  travel  restrictions,
implemented quarantine and work from home protocols and physically separated, to the extent possible, the critical operations
site workforce that are unable to work remotely. To limit the risk of virus spread, the Company implemented drive-thru only and
by appointment operating protocols for its bank branch network. The Company also maintained regular communications with its
primary regulatory agencies and critical vendors to assure all mission-critical activities and functions are being performed in line
with  regulatory  expectations  and  the  Company’s  service  standards.  Late  in  the  fourth  fiscal  quarter  of  2020,  the  Company
implemented a return-to-work plan and currently has a majority of its employees working in a traditional office environment. The
Company has also re-opened the lobbies of a majority of its branch network to the public.

Although  there  is  a  high  degree  of  uncertainty  around  the  magnitude  and  duration  of  the  economic  impact  of  the
COVID-19 pandemic, the Company’s management believes that it was well positioned with adequate levels of capital as of June
30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, all of the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios exceeded all well-capitalized standards. More specifically,
the Bank’s Tier 1 Leverage Ratio, a common measure to evaluate a financial institutions capital strength, was 11.57% at June 30,
2020.

In  addition,  management  believes  the  Company  was  well  positioned  with  adequate  levels  of  liquidity  as  of  June  30,
2020. The Bank maintains a funding base largely comprised of core noninterest bearing demand deposit accounts and low cost
interest-bearing  savings  and  money  market  deposit  accounts  with  customers  that  operate,  reside  or  work  within  its  branch
footprint. At June 30, 2020, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance was $156.9 million. The Company also maintains
an  available-for-sale  investment  securities  portfolio,  comprised  primarily  of  highly  liquid  U.S.  Treasury  securities  and  highly-
rated municipal securities.  This portfolio not only generates interest income, but also serves as a ready source of liquidity and
capital.  At  June  30,  2020,  the  Company’s  available-for-sale  investment  securities  portfolio  totaled  $75.8  million.    The  Bank’s
unused borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York at June 30, 2020 was $153.4 million. The Company did
not experience significant draws on available working capital lines of credit and home equity lines of credit during the second
half of fiscal 2020 due to the COVID-19 crisis.

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The  Bank  also  participated  in  the  Paycheck  Protection  Program  (“PPP”),  a  $650  billion  specialized  low-interest  loan
program  funded  by  the  U.S.  Treasury  Department  and  administered  by  the  U.S.  Small  Business  Administration  (“SBA”).  In
2020, the Bank became a qualified SBA lender and was authorized to originate PPP loans. An eligible business was generally
able to apply for a PPP loan up to the greater of: 2.5 times its average monthly payroll costs, or $10.0 million.  PPP loans have an
interest rate of 1.0%, a two-year or five-year loan term to maturity, and principal and interest payments deferred until the lender
receives the applicable forgiven amount or 10 months after the period the business has used such funds. The SBA will guarantee
100%  of  the  PPP  loans  made  to  eligible  borrowers.    The  entire  principal  amount  of  the  borrower’s  PPP  loan,  including  any
accrued interest, is eligible to be reduced by the loan forgiveness amount under the PPP so long as employee and compensation
levels of the business are maintained and 60% of the loan proceeds are used for payroll expenses, with the remaining 40% of the
loan proceeds used for other qualifying expenses. Through August 31, 2020, the Bank has closed 660 PPP loans totaling $75.8
million.    The  Federal  Reserve  has  instituted  a  program,  the  Paycheck  Protection  Program  Liquidity  Facility  (“PPPLF”),
authorized under section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act, which is intended to facilitate lending by banks to small businesses
under the PPP while maintaining strong liquidity to meet cash flow needs. Under the PPPFL, the Federal Reserve Banks lent to
banks on a non-recourse basis, taking PPP loans as collateral. Principal repayment of PPPLF borrowings, if any, were made upon
receipt of payment on the underlying PPP loans pledged as collateral and interest is charged at a rate of 0.35%. At June 30, 2020,
the  Bank’s  unused  borrowing  capacity  at  the  Federal  Reserve  Bank  of  New  York  through  the  PPPLF  was  $74.0  million.  The
Bank continues to evaluate its liquidity needs and has access to borrow funds through the PPPLF if deemed necessary.

From a credit risk and lending perspective, the Company has taken actions to identify and assess its COVID-19 related
credit exposures based on asset class and borrower type. No specific COVID-19 related credit impairment was identified within
the Company’s investment securities portfolio, including the Company’s municipal securities portfolio, during fiscal 2020. With
respect  to  the  Company’s  lending  activities,  the  Company  implemented  customer  payment  deferral  programs  to  assist  both
consumer and commercial borrowers that may be experiencing financial hardship due to COVID-19 related challenges, whereby
short-term  deferrals  of  payments  (generally  three  to  six  months)  have  been  provided.  Through  June  30,  2020,  the  Company
granted  payment  deferral  requests  for  consumer  borrowers  related  to  110  loans  representing  $27.4  million  of  the  Company’s
residential mortgage, home equity loans and lines of credit, and consumer loan balances, and for commercial borrowers related to
144 loans representing $170.3 million of the Company’s commercial loan balances. Loans in deferment status will continue to
accrue  interest  during  the  deferment  period  unless  otherwise  classified  as  nonperforming.  Consistent  with  industry  regulatory
guidance,  borrowers  that  were  otherwise  current  on  loan  payments  that  were  granted  COVID-19  related  financial  hardship
payment deferrals will continue to be reported as current loans throughout the agreed upon deferral period and not classified as
troubled-debt  restructured  loans  during  fiscal  2020.  Borrowers  that  were  delinquent  in  their  payments  to  the  Bank  prior  to
requesting  a  COVID-19  related  financial  hardship  payment  deferral  were  reviewed  on  a  case  by  case  basis  for  troubled  debt
restructure  classification  and  non-performing  loan  status.  In  the  instances  where  the  Bank  granted  a  payment  deferral  to  a
delinquent  borrower,  the  borrower’s  delinquency  status  was  frozen  as  of  March  20,  2020,  and  their  loans  will  continue  to  be
reported  as  delinquent  during  the  deferment  period  based  on  their  delinquency  status  as  of  March  20,  2020.  The  Company
anticipates that the number and amount of COVID-19 deferral agreements will decrease during the first fiscal quarter of 2021.
While the deferrals are still ongoing, it is difficult to assess whether a customer will be able to perform under the original terms of
the loan once the deferral period expires. Once these deferrals expire, it may become apparent that more customers than expected
are unable to perform and the Company may be required to make additional provisions for loan losses.

The Company’s fiscal 2020 financial results were adversely impacted by the effects of the pandemic, which contributed
to an increase in the provision for loan losses. The COVID-19 crisis is expected to continue to adversely impact the Company’s
financial results, as well as demand for its services and products during the first fiscal quarter of 2021 and beyond. The short and
long-term  implications  of  the  COVID-19  crisis,  and  related  monetary  and  fiscal  stimulus  measures,  on  the  Company’s  future
revenues, earnings results, allowance for loan losses, capital reserves, and liquidity are unknown at this time. At this point, the
extent  to  which  COVID-19  may  impact  our  future  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations  is  uncertain  and  not  currently
estimable, however the impact could be material.

Potentially Fraudulent Activity

During  the  first  fiscal  quarter  of  2020  (the  quarter  ending  September  30,  2019),  the  Company  became  aware  of

potentially fraudulent activity associated with transactions conducted in the Company’s first fiscal quarter of 2020 by an

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established business customer of the Bank. The customer and various affiliated entities (collectively,  the “Mann Entities”) had
numerous accounts with the Bank. The transactions in question relate both to deposit and lending activity with the Mann Entities.

For the fraudulent activity related to the Mann Entities, the Bank’s potential exposure with respect to its deposit activity
was approximately $18.5 million. In the first fiscal quarter of 2020, the Bank exercised its rights pursuant to state and federal law
and the relevant account agreements to set off approximately $16.0 million from accounts held by the Mann Entities at the Bank.
The set off was to partially cover overdrafts/negative account balances that primarily resulted from another bank returning/calling
back  $15.6  million  in  checks  on  August  30,  2019,  that  the  Mann  Entities  had  deposited  into  and  then  withdrawn  from  their
accounts at the Bank the day before.  In the first fiscal quarter of 2020, the Bank recognized a charge to non-interest expense in
the amount of $2.5 million based on the net negative deposit balance of the various Mann Entities’ accounts after the setoffs. No
additional charges to non-interest expense were recognized during the year ended June 30, 2020, related to the transactions with
the Mann Entities.

With  respect  to  the  Bank’s  lending  activity  with  the  Mann  Entities,  its  potential  exposure  was  approximately  $15.8
million (which represents the Bank’s participation interest in the approximately $35.8 million commercial loan relationships for
which the Bank is the originating lender). In the first fiscal quarter of 2020, the Bank recognized a provision for loan losses in the
amount of $15.8 million, related to the charge-off of the entire principal balance owed to the Bank related to the Mann Entities’
commercial loan relationships. During the third fiscal quarter of 2020, the Bank recognized a partial recovery in the amount of
$1.7 million related to the charge-off of the Mann Entities’ commercial loan relationships, which was credited to the allowance
for  loan  losses.  No  additional  charges  to  the  provision  for  loan  losses  were  recognized  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  2020,
related to the transactions with the Mann Entities.

Several other parties are asserting claims against the Company and the Bank related to the series of transactions between
the  Company  or  the  Bank,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  Mann  Entities,  on  the  other.  The  Company  and  the  Bank  continue  to
investigate these matters and it is possible that the Company and the Bank will be subject to additional liabilities which may have
a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company is pursuing all available
sources of recovery and other means of mitigating the potential loss, and the Company and the Bank are vigorously defending all
claims  asserted  against  them  arising  out  of  or  otherwise  related  to  the  fraudulent  activity  of  the  Mann  Entities.  For  additional
details regarding legal, other proceedings and related matters, see, “Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings.”

Mutual Holding Company Reorganization and Minority Stock Issuance

On July 17, 2019, Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. became the holding company of Pioneer Bank when it closed its stock offering
in  connection  with  the  completion  of  the  reorganization  of  the  Bank  into  the  two-tier  mutual  holding  company  form  of
organization. The Company sold 11,170,402 shares of common stock at a price of $10.00 per share, for net proceeds of $109.1
million, issued 14,287,723 shares to Pioneer Bancorp, MHC and contributed 519,554 shares of common stock and $250,000 in
cash to the Pioneer Bank Charitable Foundation.  The Company recognized a charge to non-interest expense in the amount of
$5.4  million,  in  the  first  fiscal  quarter  of  2020,  related  to  the  contribution  to  the  Pioneer  Bank  Charitable  Foundation.    The
Company established  an ESOP which owns 1,018,325 shares  of  common  stock  of the Company.  Pioneer  Bancorp,  MHC now
owns 55% of the common stock of the Company.

Business Strategy

Our business strategy is to operate as a well-capitalized and profitable community bank dedicated to providing personal
service to our individual, business and municipal customers. We believe that we have a competitive advantage in the markets we
serve because of our 130-year history in the community, our knowledge of the local marketplace and our long-standing reputation
for providing superior, relationship-based customer service. We believe we can distinguish ourselves by maintaining the culture
of a local community bank, but offering the products of a comprehensive financial

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services  provider  by  promoting  and  continuing  to  expand  our  insurance,  consulting  and  wealth  management  businesses.  The
following are the key elements of our business strategy:

Continue  our  emphasis  on  commercial  lending.  Over  the  last  six  years,  we  have  increased  our  commercial  loan
portfolio, which consists of commercial real estate, commercial and industrial and commercial construction loans, consistent with
safe and sound underwriting practices. This has had the benefits of increasing the yield on our loan portfolio while reducing the
average term to repricing of our loans. However, we have sought to maintain an appropriate balance in the overall loan portfolio
between our commercial and non-commercial loans in order to diversify our credit risk. At June 30, 2020, our commercial loan
portfolio totaled $779.5 million, or 66.6% of total loans, compared with $513.1 million, or 64.3% of total loans, at June 30, 2016.
We view the growth of commercial lending as a means of increasing our interest income and establishing relationships with local
businesses,  which  offer  a  recurring  and  potentially  broader  source  of  fee  income  through  commercial  deposits,  commercial
insurance,  and  employee  benefits  products  and  consulting.  We  also  generally  require  that  commercial  and  industrial  loan
borrowers establish a commercial deposit account with us, which assists our efforts to grow core deposits and cross-sell our other
products and services. The additional capital raised in the offering will enable us to increase our originations of commercial real
estate, commercial and industrial and commercial construction loans in our primary market area, and originate loans with larger
balances that we intend to retain in our portfolio.

Diversify our products and services in order to increase non-interest income. We continue to seek ways of increasing
our non-interest income by growing our financial services businesses. We sell commercial and personal insurance products and
provide employee benefits products and services through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Anchor Agency, Inc., which we acquired
in 2016. We expanded our employee benefits products and services business through our acquisition in 2017 of substantially all
of the operating assets of Capital Region Strategic Employee Benefits Services, LLC, an employee benefits and consulting firm.
We initially entered into the wealth management services business by establishing Pioneer Financial Services, Inc. in 1997 as a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Pioneer Bank (which operates under the name Pioneer Wealth Management). We substantially grew
this business with the acquisition of substantially  all of the operating assets of Ward Financial Management, LTD in 2018. At
June 30, 2020, Pioneer  Financial  Services,  Inc. had $552.7 million  of assets under management.  We believe  that there  will be
opportunities  to  cross-sell  these  products  to  our  deposit  and  borrower  customers  which  may  further  increase  our  non-interest
income, and also to cross-sell our banking services and products to customers and clients of Anchor Agency, Inc. and Pioneer
Financial  Services,  Inc.  We  intend  to  consider  future  acquisition  opportunities  to  expand  our  insurance,  wealth  management
activities  (including  the  amount  of  the  assets  that  we  have  under  management)  or  other  complementary  financial  services
businesses.

Increase our Share of Lower-Cost  Core Deposits. We continue to emphasize offering core deposits (demand deposit
accounts, savings accounts and money market accounts) to businesses, municipalities and individuals located in our market area.
Core  deposits  represent  our  best  opportunity  to  develop  customer  relationships  that  enable  us  to  cross-sell  the  products  and
services of our complementary subsidiaries. We attract and retain transaction accounts by offering competitive products and rates
and providing quality customer service. Our core deposits increased $409.0 million to $1.2 billion at June 30, 2020 from $741.6
million at June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2020, core deposits comprised 90.6% of our total deposits. Core deposits are our least costly
source of funds which improves our interest rate spread and also contributes non-interest income from account- related services.

Strategically  Grow  our  Balance  Sheet. We  believe  there  is  a  large  customer  base  in  our  market  that  prefers  doing
business with local institutions and may be dissatisfied with the service they receive from the larger regional banks. By offering
personalized  customer  service,  along  with  our  extensive  knowledge  of  our  local  markets  and  employees  who  have  strong
relationships  with  our  customers  which  leads  to  referrals  and  repeat  business,  we  believe  we  can  leverage  these  strengths  to
attract and retain customers. We have recently undergone a significant rebranding effort and updated our branch layout, website
and other technology infrastructure that prioritizes the customer experience and moves away from the traditional single branch
channel. We also believe we can capitalize on commercial deposit and personal banking relationships derived from an increase in
commercial  real  estate  and  commercial  business  lending.  Based  on  the  foregoing,  our  attractive  market  area  and  strategic
investment in technology to enhance the customer experience, we believe we are well-positioned to increase our balance sheet,
particularly loans and deposits.

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Summary of Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements,
which are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make
estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities,
and the reported amounts of income and expenses. We consider the accounting policies discussed below to be critical accounting
policies. The estimates and assumptions that we use are based on historical experience and various other factors and are believed
to  be  reasonable  under  the  circumstances.  Actual  results  may  differ  from  these  estimates  under  different  assumptions  or
conditions,  resulting  in  a  change  that  could  have  a  material  impact  on  the  carrying  value  of  our  assets  and  liabilities  and  our
results of operations.

The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public
companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable
to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the
benefits  of  this  extended  transition  period.  Accordingly,  our  financial  statements  may  not  be  comparable  to  companies  that
comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

The following represent our critical accounting policies:

Allowance  for  Loan  Losses.  The  allowance  for  loan  losses  is  the  amount  estimated  by  management  as  necessary  to
absorb credit losses incurred in the loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the relevant balance sheet
date.  The  amount  of  the  allowance  is  based  on  significant  estimates,  and  the  ultimate  losses  may  vary  from  such  estimates  as
more  information  becomes  available  or  conditions  change.  The  methodology  for  determining  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  is
considered  a  critical  accounting  policy  by  management  due  to  the  high  degree  of  judgment  involved,  the  subjectivity  of  the
assumptions used and the potential for changes in the economic environment that could result in changes to the amount of the
recorded allowance for loan losses. See Item 7 – “Recent Developments – COVID-19 Pandemic”.

As a substantial  percentage  of our loan portfolio  is collateralized  by real  estate,  appraisals  of the underlying  value  of
property  securing  loans  are  critical  in  determining  the  amount  of  the  allowance  required  for  specific  loans.  Assumptions  are
instrumental  in  determining  the  value  of  properties.  Overly  optimistic  assumptions  or  negative  changes  to  assumptions  could
significantly  affect  the  valuation  of  a  property  securing  a  loan  and  the  related  allowance  determined.  Management  carefully
reviews the assumptions supporting such appraisals to determine that the resulting values reasonably reflect amounts realizable
on the related loans.

Management performs an evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses at least quarterly. We consider a
variety of factors in establishing this estimate including, but not limited to, current economic conditions, delinquency statistics,
credit  concentrations,  the  adequacy  of  the  underlying  collateral,  the  financial  strength  of  the  borrower,  results  of  internal  loan
reviews and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates by management that
may be susceptible to significant change based on changes in economic and real estate market conditions.

The  evaluation  has  specific  and  general  components.  The  specific  component  relates  to  loans  that  are  deemed  to  be
impaired and classified as special mention, substandard, doubtful, or loss. For such loans that are also classified as impaired, an
allowance is generally established when the collateral value of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The
general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.

Actual  loan  losses  may  be  significantly  more  than  the  allowance  we  have  established  which  could  have  a  material

negative effect on our financial results.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense (benefit) is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change
in  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  the  expected  future  tax  amounts  for  temporary
differences between carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation
allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. We recognize

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interest  and/or  penalties  related  to  income  tax  matters  in  other  expense.  A  tax  position  is  recognized  as  a  benefit  only  if  it  is
“more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to
occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely of being realized on examination.
For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Management determines the need for a
deferred tax valuation allowance based upon the realizability of tax benefits from the reversal of temporary differences creating
the deferred tax assets, as well as the amounts of available open tax carrybacks, if any. At June 30, 2020 and 2019, no valuation
allowance was required.

We  exercise  significant  judgment  in  evaluating  the  amount  and  timing  of  recognition  of  the  resulting  tax  assets  and
liabilities. These judgments require us to make projections of future taxable income. The judgments and estimates we make in
determining our deferred tax assets are inherently subjective and are reviewed on a regular basis as regulatory or business factors
change. Any reduction in estimated future taxable income may require us to record a valuation allowance against our deferred tax
assets.  A  valuation  allowance  that  results  in  additional  income  tax  expense  in  the  period  in  which  it  is  recognized  would
negatively affect earnings.

Fair Value Measurements. The fair value of a financial instrument is the exchange price that would be received for an
asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the particular asset or liability in
an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We estimate the fair value of a financial instrument
and any related asset impairment using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have
quoted market prices, quoted market prices as of the measurement date are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are
not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, quoted prices
in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data, may be used,
if  available,  to  determine  fair  value.  When  observable  market  prices  do  not  exist,  we  estimate  fair  value.  These  estimates  are
subjective in nature and imprecision in estimating these factors can impact the amount of revenue or loss recorded.

Investment Securities. Available-for-sale  and  held-to-maturity  securities  are  reviewed  by  management  on  a  quarterly
basis,  and  more  frequently  when  economic  or  market  conditions  warrant,  for  possible  other-than-temporary  impairment.  In
determining other-than-temporary impairment, management considers many factors, including the length of time and the extent
to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospectus of the issuer, whether the market
decline  was  affected  by  macroeconomic  conditions  and  whether  the  Company  has  the  intent  to  sell  the  debt  security  or  more
likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. A decline in value that is considered to be
other-than-temporary is recorded as a loss within non-interest income in the statement of operations. The assessment of whether
other-than-temporary  impairment  exists  involves  a  high  degree  of  subjectivity  and  judgment  and  is  based  on  the  information
available  to  management  at  a  point  in  time.  In  order  to  determine  other-than-temporary  impairment  for  mortgage-backed
securities, asset-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, we compare the present value of the remaining cash
flows  as  estimated  at  the  preceding  evaluation  date  to  the  current  expected  remaining  cash  flows.  Other-than-temporary
impairment is deemed to have occurred if there has been an adverse change in the remaining expected future cash flows.

Pension  Obligations.   We  maintain  a  non-contributory  defined  benefit  pension  plan  covering  substantially  all  of  our
full-time employees hired before September 1, 2019. The benefits are developed from actuarial valuations and are based on the
employee’s  years  of  service  and  compensation.  Actuarial  assumptions  such  as  interest  rates,  expected  return  on  plan  assets,
turnover, mortality and rates of future compensation increases have a significant impact on the costs, assets and liabilities of the
plan.  Pension  expense  is  the  net  of  service  cost,  interest  cost,  return  on  plan  assets  and  amortization  of  gains  and  losses  not
immediately recognized.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets.   The excess of the cost of acquired entities over the fair value of identifiable tangible
and intangible assets acquired, less liabilities assumed, is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is carried at its acquired value and is
reviewed annually for impairment, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may be impaired.

Acquired  identifiable  intangible  assets  that  have  finite  lives  are  amortized  over  their  useful  economic  life.  Customer

relationship intangibles are generally amortized over fifteen years based upon the projected discounted cash

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flows  of  the  accounts  acquired.  Core  deposit  premium  related  to  the  Bank’s  assumption  of  certain  deposit  liabilities  is  being
amortized over fifteen years. Acquired identifiable intangible assets that are amortized are reviewed for impairment when events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may be impaired.

Average Balances and Yields  

The  following  table  sets  forth  average  balances,  average  yields  and  costs,  and  certain  other  information  for  the  years
indicated.  No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as the effects would be immaterial.  All average balances are
daily  average  balances.   Non-accrual  loans  were  included  in  the  computation  of  average  balances.    The  yields  set  forth  below
include the effect of deferred fees, discounts, and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense,
as applicable.

2020

For the Years Ended June 30,
2019

2018

     Average

Outstanding
Balance

Interest

Average
Yield/Cost

Average
Outstanding 
Balance

Interest

Average
Yield/Cost

Average
Outstanding
Balance

Interest

Average
Yield/Cost

(Dollars in thousands)

$  1,096,364
 92,981
 129,097
 1,318,442
 136,932
$  1,455,374

$

 110,444
 241,471
 351,790
 127,671
 831,376
 8,624
 840,000
 390,366
 1,230,366
 225,008
$  1,455,374

$

 478,442

$  49,510  
 2,108  
 1,901  
 53,519  

 215  
 127  
 1,997  
 2,268  
 4,607  
 124  
 4,731  

$  48,788  

 4.52 %  $
 2.27 %   
 1.47 %   
 4.06 %   

$

 1,031,636
 107,572
 72,686
 1,211,894
 118,471
 1,330,365

$  49,818  
 2,541  
 1,800  
 54,159  

 4.83 %  $
 2.36 %   
 2.48 %   
 4.47 %   

 969,624
 82,514
 92,757
 1,144,895
 102,942
$  1,247,837

$  43,649  
 1,367  
 1,470  
 46,486  

 4.50 %
 1.66 %
 1.58 %
 4.06 %

 0.19 %  $
 0.05 %   
 0.57 %   
 1.78 %   
 0.55 %   
 1.44 %   
 0.56 %   

$

 3.50 %   
$
 3.70 %   

 114,699
 246,055
 338,883
 128,041
 827,678
 7,857
 835,535
 367,468
 1,203,003
 127,362
 1,330,365

 376,359

 341  
 126  
 1,818  
 1,960  
 4,245  
 235  
 4,480  

 249  
 124  
 1,231  
 1,491  
 3,095  
 91  
 3,186  

 0.30 %  $
 0.05 %   
 0.54 %   
 1.53 %   
 0.51 %   
 2.99 %   
 0.54 %   

 106,309
 241,357
 328,242
 129,495
 805,403
 3,773
 809,176
 329,262
 1,138,438
 109,399
$  1,247,837

$  49,679  

$  43,300  

 3.93 %   
$
 4.10 %   

 335,719

 0.23 %
 0.05 %
 0.38 %
 1.15 %
 0.38 %
 2.41 %
 0.39 %

 3.67 %

 3.78 %

 156.96 %   

 145.04 %   

 141.49 %   

Interest-earning assets:
Loans
Securities
Interest-earning deposits

Total interest-earning assets

Non-interest-earning assets

Total assets

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits
Savings deposits
Money market deposits
Certificates of deposit

Total interest-bearing deposits

Borrowings and other

Total interest-bearing liabilities

Non-interest-bearing liabilities

Total liabilities

Total shareholders' equity

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

Net interest income
Net interest rate spread (1)
Net interest-earning assets (2)
Net interest margin (3)
Average interest-earning assets to interest-
bearing liabilities

(1) Net  interest  rate  spread  represents  the  difference  between  the  weighted  average  yield  on  interest-earning  assets  and  the

weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(2) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(3) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

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Table of Contents

Rate/Volume Analysis

The  following  table  presents  the  effects  of  changing  rates  and  volumes  on  our  net  interest  income  for  the  years
indicated.  The  rate  column  shows  the  effects  attributable  to  changes  in  rate  (changes  in  rate  multiplied  by  prior  volume).  The
volume  column  shows  the  effects  attributable  to  changes  in  volume  (changes  in  volume  multiplied  by  prior  rate).  The  total
column  represents  the  sum of  the  prior  two columns.  For purposes  of this  table,  changes  attributable  to both  rate  and  volume,
which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.

Interest-earning assets:
Loans
Securities
Interest-earning deposits

Total interest-earning assets

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits
Savings deposits
Money market deposits
Certificates of deposit

Total interest-bearing deposits

Borrowings and other

Total interest-bearing liabilities

Year Ended June 30,
2020 vs. 2019

Year Ended June 30,
2019 vs. 2018

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Volume

Rate

Total
Increase
(Decrease)

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Volume

Rate

Total
Increase
(Decrease)

(In thousands)

$

 3,026
 (334)
 1,025
 3,717

$  (3,334)
 (99)
 (924)
 (4,357)

$  (308)
 (433)
 101
 (640)

$

 2,886
 489
 (368)
 3,007

$

 3,283
 685
 698
 4,666

$  6,169
 1,174
 330
 7,673

 (12)
 (2)
 71
 (6)
 51
 21
 72

 (114)
 3
 108
 314
 311
 (132)
 179

 (126)
 1
 179
 308
 362
 (111)
 251

 21
 2
 41
 (17)
 47
 118
 165

 71
 —  
 546
 486
 1,103
 26
 1,129

 92
 2
 587
 469
 1,150
 144
 1,294

Change in net interest income

$

 3,645

$  (4,536)

$  (891)

$

 2,842

$

 3,537

$  6,379

Exclusive of the impact of PPP loans, the Company expects its first fiscal quarter of 2021 net interest margin to decrease
due to the precipitous drop in the Federal Funds, Prime and LIBOR interest rates in the latter half of the third fiscal quarter of
2020,  and  the  continued  drop  in  the  LIBOR  interest  rates  in  the  fourth  fiscal  quarter  of  2020.  Expected  decreases  in  average
interest earning asset yields are unlikely to be fully offset by expected decreases in the average cost of funds. Although the stated
interest rate on PPP loans is fixed at 1.00%, the Company’s recognition of the interest income on origination fees, net of deferred
origination costs, on PPP loans is uncertain at this time and will likely cause interest earning asset yield volatility as loans are
forgiven by the SBA.

Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019

Total  Assets.  Total  assets  increased  $46.4  million,  or  3.1%,  to  $1.52  billion  at  June  30,  2020  from  $1.48  billion  at
June 30, 2019. The increase was due primarily to an increase of $94.5 million, or 9.0%, in net loans receivable as well as a $35.9
million, or 162.7%, increase in other assets partially offset by a decrease of $73.2 million, or 31.8%, in cash and cash equivalents
and a decrease of $10.9 million, or 11.9%, in securities available for sale. The $35.9 million increase in other assets from $22.1
million  at  June  30,  2019  to  $58.0  million  at  June  30,  2020  was  primarily  due  to  an  increase  in  the  estimated  fair  value  of
derivative assets related to interest rate swaps.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Total cash and cash equivalents decreased $73.2 million, or 31.8%, to $156.9 million at
June  30,  2020  from  $230.1  million  at  June  30,  2019.  This  decrease  resulted  from  net  decreases  in  deposits  of  $61.2  million,
which  included  $38.8  million  of  deposits  returned  as  a  result  of  unfilled  stock  subscriptions  related  to  the  completion  of  our
mutual  holding  company  reorganization  and  minority  stock  issuance  in  July  2019,  as  well  as,  from  an  increase  in  net  loans
receivable of $94.5 million, or 9.0%, for the year ended June 30, 2020.  These uses of cash were partially offset by the minority
stock issuance which resulted in $109.1 million of net proceeds to the Company.

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Securities Available for Sale. Total securities available for sale decreased $10.9 million, or 12.6%, to $75.8 million at
June 30, 2020 from $86.7 million at June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to maturities of municipal obligations and
U.S. Government obligations, as well as, the sale of U.S. Government obligations during the year ended June 30, 2020.  Due to
the  meaningful  decline  in  fixed  income  yields  during  fiscal  2020,  along  with  uncertainties  related  to  COVID-19,  management
favored maintaining increased levels of cash and cash equivalents to fund loans and/or provide for deposit outflows as opposed to
reinvesting proceeds from maturing securities.

Securities  Held  to  Maturity.  Total  securities  held  to  maturity  increased  $2.9  million,  or  76.1%,  to  $6.8  million  at

June 30, 2020 from $3.9 million at June 30, 2019 due primarily to the purchase of a $2.0 million corporate debt security.

Net Loans. Net loans of $1.15 billion at June 30, 2020 increased $94.5 million, or 9.0%, from $1.05 billion at June 30,
2019.  By loan  category,  commercial  real  estate  loans  increased  by $36.1 million,  or  8.7%, to  $450.5 million  at  June 30,  2020
from $414.4 million at June 30, 2019; commercial and industrial loans increased $53.9 million, or 29.4%, to $237.2 million at
June 30, 2020 from $183.3 million at June 30, 2019 and consumer loans increased by $9.4 million, or 43.7%, to $30.9 million at
June 30, 2020 from $21.5 million at June 30, 2019. In addition, commercial construction loans increased $6.5 million, or 7.6%, to
$91.8 million at June 30, 2020 from $85.3 million at June 30, 2019. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in one- to
four-family  residential  mortgage  loans  of  $1.4  million,  or  0.5%,  to  $280.0  million  at  June  30,  2020  from  $281.4  million  at
June  30,  2019.  The  increase  in  commercial  real  estate  loans  was  related  to  the  funding  of  multiple  relatively  large  loan
commitments during the year ended June 30, 2020 which are secured by seasoned properties inside of our market area, as well as,
the  conversion  of  several  commercial  construction  loans  to  permanent  financing  during  the  same  year.  The  increase  in
commercial and industrial loans was primarily due to the funding of $74.0 million of PPP loans during the year ended June 30,
2020, partially offset by the loan charge-offs related to the Mann Entities’ commercial loan relationships of $15.8 million during
fiscal  2020.  The  increase  in  consumer  loans  reflected  an  increase  in  personal  loans  to  the  owners  of  certain  commercial
businesses.

Deposits.  Total  deposits  decreased  $61.2  million,  or  4.6%,  to  $1.27  billion  at  June  30,  2020  from  $1.33  billion  at
June 30, 2019. The decrease in deposits reflected a decrease in interest-bearing demand accounts of $109.8 million, or 49.8%, to
$110.7 million at June 30, 2020 from $220.5 million at June 30, 2019, a decrease in money market accounts of $28.0 million, or
7.5%, to $343.8 million at June 30, 2020 from $371.8 million at June 30, 2019 and a decrease in certificates of deposit of $11.0,
million, or 8.4%, to $119.6 million at June 30, 2020 from $130.6 million at June 30, 2019, partially offset by an increase in non-
interest bearing demand accounts of $80.0 million, or 22.4%, to $437.5 million at June 30, 2020 from $357.5 million at June 30,
2019 and an increase in savings accounts of $7.7 million, or 3.1%, to $258.6 million at June 30, 2020 from $250.9 million at June
30, 2019. The decrease in interest-bearing demand accounts and money market accounts was primarily due to stock subscription
orders  from  our  minority  stock  offering  being  fulfilled  or  returned  to  subscribers.  The  decrease  in  certificates  of  deposit  was
primarily  due  to  the  maturity  of  certain  large  dollar  accounts.    The  increase  in  non-interest  bearing  demand  accounts  and  the
increase in savings accounts were primarily due to deposit customers increasing cash balances during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Total Shareholders’ Equity. Total shareholders’ equity increased $89.0 million, or 65.9%, to $224.0 million at June 30,
2020  from  $135.0  million  at  June  30,  2019.  The  increase  was  primarily  due  to  the  completion  of  our  minority  stock  issuance
which resulted in $109.1 million in net proceeds to the Company in July 2019. The increase was partially offset by the net loss of
$6.5  million  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  2020,  the  unallocated  common  stock  held  by  the  ESOP  of  $12.6  million  and  an
increase  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss  of  $6.3  million  from  our  available  for  sale  securities  and  employee  benefit
plans.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019

General.  Net income decreased by $25.5 million to a $6.5 million net loss for the year ended June 30, 2020 from $19.0
million  in  net  income  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2019.    The  decrease  was  primarily  due  to  a  $20.2  million  increase  in  the
provision  for  loan  losses,  a  $13.8  million  increase  in  non-interest  expense  and  a  $0.9  million  decrease  in  net  interest  income,
partially offset by a $1.3 million increase in non-interest income, and a $8.1 million decrease in income tax expense.  

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Interest and Dividend Income.  Interest and dividend income decreased $640,000, or 1.2%, to $53.5 million for the year
ended June 30, 2020, from $54.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to decreases in interest income on loans
and  interest  income  on  securities,  partially  offset  by  an  increase  in  interest  income  on  interest-earning  deposits.  The  decrease
reflected  a 41 basis points decrease  in the average  yield on interest-earning  assets to 4.06% for the year ended June 30, 2020,
from  4.47%  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2019,  offset  by  a  $106.5  million  increase  in  the  average  balance  of  interest-earning
assets.

Interest income on loans decreased $308,000, or 0.6%, to $49.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 from $49.8
million for the year ended June 30, 2019. Interest income on loans decreased primarily due to a 31 basis points decrease in the
average yield on loans to 4.52% for the year ended June 30, 2020 from 4.83% for the year ended June 30, 2019, largely offset by
a $64.7 million increase in the average balance of loans to $1.1 billion for the year ended June 30, 2020 from $1.0 billion for the
year ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in the average yield on loans was primarily due to the downward adjustment of interest
rates on our existing adjustable-rate loans following the actions taken by the Federal Reserve during the second and third fiscal
quarters of 2020 to reduce short-term interest rates and the origination of PPP loans which have a 1.0% interest rate. The increase
in  the  average  balance  of  loans  was  due  to  our  continued  effort  to  increase  our  commercial  loan  portfolio,  as  well  as,  the
Company’s funding of PPP loans during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2020.

Interest income on securities decreased $433,000, or 17.0%, to $2.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 from $2.5
million for the year ended June 30, 2019. Interest income on securities decreased due to a $14.6 million decrease in the average
balance of securities to $93.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 from $107.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2019 as
well as a nine basis points decrease in the average yield on securities to 2.27% for the year ended June 30, 2020 from 2.36% for
the  year  ended  June  30,  2019.  The  decrease  in  the  average  balance  and  average  yield  of  securities  was  due  to  scheduled  U.S.
government  and  agency  and  municipal  obligation  maturities  of  higher  yielding  securities,  as  well  as,  with  the  sale  of  U.S.
government and agency obligations.

Interest  income on interest-earning  deposits increased $101,000, or 5.6%, to $1.9 million for the year ended June 30,
2020  from  $1.8  million  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2019.  Interest  income  on  interest-earning  deposits  increased  as  average
balances on interest-earning deposits increased by $56.4 million to $129.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 from $72.7
million  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2019  as  management  favored  maintaining  increased  levels  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents
during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase was offset by a 101 basis points decrease in the average yield on interest-earning
deposits  to  1.47%  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2020  from  2.48%  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2019  as  market  interest  rates
decreased.

Interest Expense.  Interest expense increased $251,000, or 5.6%, to $4.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 from
$4.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2019 as a result of an increase in interest expense on deposits. The increase primarily
reflected a two basis points increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities to 0.56% for the year ended June 30, 2020
from  0.54%  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2019,  as  well  as  a  $4.5  million  increase  in  the  average  balance  of  interest-bearing
liabilities.

Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits increased $362,000, or 8.5%, to $4.6 million for the year ended June 30,
2020 from $4.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2019. Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits increased primarily due to
a  four  basis  points  increase  in  the  average  cost  on  interest-bearing  deposits  to  0.55%  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2020  from
0.51% for the prior year as well as a $3.7 million increase in the average balance of deposits to $831.4 million for the year ended
June  30,  2020  from  $827.7  million  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  2019.  The  increase  in  the  average  cost  of  deposits  reflected
competition from other financial service providers operating in our market, specifically with regard to certificates of deposit.

Interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank of New York borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities decreased
$111,000 to $124,000 for the year ended June 30, 2020 compared to $235,000 for the year ended June 30, 2019. The decrease
was due primarily  to a 155 basis points decrease  in the average  cost of Federal  Home Loan Bank of New York advances  and
other interest-bearing liabilities to 1.44% for the year ended June 30, 2020 from 2.99% for the year ended June 30, 2019, partially
offset by, a $767,000 increase in the average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank of New

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York advances and other interest-bearing liabilities to $8.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 from $7.9 million for the
year ended June 30, 2019.

Net Interest Income.  Net interest income decreased $891,000, or 1.8%, to $48.8 million for the year ended June 30,
2020 compared to $49.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2019.  The decrease reflected a 43 basis points decrease in the net
interest rate spread to 3.50% for the year ended June 30, 2020 from 3.93% for the year ended June 30, 2019, largely offset by, a
$102.1 million increase in the average balance of net interest-earning assets to $478.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2020
from $376.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2019.The net interest margin decreased 40 basis points to 3.70% for the year
ended June 30, 2020 from 4.10% for the year ended June 30, 2019 due to the sharp decrease in interest rates in response to the
economic  downturn  caused  by  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  We  expect  further  compression  in  our  net  interest  margin  in  future
periods.

Provision for Loan Losses.  We recorded a provision for loan losses of $22.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2020
compared to $2.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2019. The increase in the provision of $20.2 million was primarily due to a
specific provision in the amount of $15.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 related to the charge-off of the entire principal
balance owed to the Bank related to the Mann Entities’ commercial loan relationships. In addition, the increase in the provision
was due to an increase in our qualitative loss reserve factors relating to local and national economic conditions as well as industry
conditions and concentrations, which have experienced deterioration as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Due to the adverse
economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our market area and our customers, the Company expects that its provision for
loan losses will be elevated in the first fiscal quarter of 2021 and potentially beyond. Net charge-offs increased to $14.2 million
for the year ended June 30, 2020, compared to $1.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2019. Non-performing assets increased to
$13.5 million, or 0.89% of total assets, at June 30, 2020, compared to $12.8 million, or 0.87% of total assets, at June 30, 2019.
The allowance for loan losses was $22.9 million, or 1.95% of net loans outstanding, at June 30, 2020 and $14.5 million, or 1.36%
of net loans outstanding, at June 30, 2019. We expect economic uncertainty to continue for additional periods which may result in
the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans increasing in the future.

Non-Interest Income.  Non-interest income increased $1.3 million, or 8.7%, to $15.7 million for the year ended June
30, 2020 from $14.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2019.  The increase was primarily due to an increase of $407,000 in bank
fees  and  service  charges,  a  $555,000  decrease  in  the  loss  on  disposal  of  assets,  and  a  $429,000  increase  in  Bank-owned  life
insurance, partially offset by a $125,000 net loss on equity securities. Bank fees and service charges increased primarily due to
commercial loan fees. The decrease in loss on disposal of assets for the year ended June 30, 2020 was primarily the result of the
sale of a branch location during the year ended June 30, 2019. The increase in bank-owned life insurance income was primarily
due to proceeds from a death benefit during the year ended June 30, 2020. Net loss on equity securities during the year ended
June 30, 2020 was due to the mark to market of our equity securities during a period of severe market volatility related to the
COVID-19 pandemic.

Non-Interest Expense.   Non-interest  expense  increased  $13.8  million,  or  36.4%,  to  $51.7  million  for  the  year  ended
June 30, 2020 from $37.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2019.  The $13.8 million increase was primarily the result of the
$5.4 million  contribution  of stock and cash  to the Pioneer  Bank Charitable  Foundation  in conjunction  with our minority  stock
issuance, and a $2.5 million charge based on the net negative deposit balance of the various Mann Entities’ accounts after setoffs.
Salaries and benefits expense increased $2.3 million due to annual increases and employee stock ownership program (“ESOP”)
expenses. Additionally, professional fees increased $3.3 million to $3.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 from $420,000
for the year ended June 30, 2019, mainly due to expenses related to the Mann Entities’ potentially fraudulent activity and related
litigation. The increase in non-interest expense was partially offset by a decrease in FDIC insurance premiums related to Small
Bank Assessment Credits.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit). Income tax expense decreased $8.1 million to a $3.3 million benefit for the year ended
June 30, 2020 from a $4.8 million expense for the year ended June 30, 2019. The income tax benefit was due to our $9.8 million
loss before income taxes, which included the tax benefit related to our $5.4 million contribution to the Pioneer Bank Charitable
Foundation. Income tax expense for the year ended June 30, 2019 reflected a $580,000 tax benefit related to the final evaluation
of our net deferred tax asset in connection with the rate reduction resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Our effective tax rate
was (33.6%) for the year ended June 30, 2020 compared to 20.2% for the year ended June 30, 2019.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity. Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business.
Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current
and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, and
proceeds from calls, maturities and sales of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of
New York. At June 30, 2020, we had the ability to borrow up to $375.9 million, of which none was utilized for borrowings and
$222.5 million was utilized as collateral for letters of credit issued to secure municipal deposits. At June 30, 2020, we had a $20.0
million unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank with no outstanding balance. We cannot predict what the impact of the
events described in “Recent Developments – COVID-19 Pandemic and Potentially Fraudulent Activity” above may have on our
liquidity and capital resources beyond the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020.

The  board  of  directors  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  monitoring  our  liquidity  targets  and  strategies  in  order  to
ensure  that  sufficient  liquidity  exists  for  meeting  the  borrowing  needs  and  deposit  withdrawals  of  our  customers  as  well  as
unanticipated contingencies. We believe that we had enough sources of liquidity to satisfy our short and long-term liquidity needs
as of June 30, 2020.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and
loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets
are  cash  and  cash  equivalents.  The  levels  of  these  assets  are  dependent  on  our  operating,  financing,  lending  and  investing
activities during any period. At June 30, 2020, cash and cash equivalents totaled $156.9 million. Securities classified as available-
for-sale, which provide additional sources of liquidity, totaled $75.8 million at June 30, 2020.

We  are  committed  to  maintaining  a  strong  liquidity  position.  We  monitor  our  liquidity  position  on  a  daily  basis.  We
anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. Certificates of deposit due within one year
of June 30, 2020 totaled $81.8 million, or 6.4%, of total deposits. If these deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to
seek other sources of funds, including other deposits and Federal Home Loan Bank of New York advances. Depending on market
conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or borrowings than we currently pay. We believe, however,
based on past experience that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. We have the ability to attract and retain
deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.

Capital Resources. The  Bank  is  subject  to  various  regulatory  capital  requirements  administered  by  NYSDFS and  the
FDIC.  At  June  30,  2020,  we  exceeded  all  applicable  regulatory  capital  requirements,  and  were  considered  “well  capitalized”
under regulatory guidelines. See Note 15 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements.

The net offering proceeds significantly increased our liquidity and capital resources. The initial level of liquidity will
continue to be reduced as net offering proceeds are used for general corporate purposes, including funding loans. Our financial
condition and results of operations have been enhanced by the net offering proceeds, resulting in increased net interest-earning
assets and net interest income. However, due to the increase in equity resulting from the net offering proceeds, as well as other
factors associated with the offering, our return on equity will be lower immediately following the offering.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

Off-Balance  Sheet  Arrangements.  We  are  a  party  to  financial  instruments  with  off-balance  sheet  risk  in  the  normal
course  of  business  to  meet  the  financing  needs  of  our  customers.  The  financial  instruments  include  commitments  to  originate
loans, unused lines of credit and standby letters of credit, which involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the
amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of the
instruments. We use the same credit policies in making commitments as we do for on-balance sheet instruments.

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At  June  30,  2020,  we  had  $273.7  million  of  commitments  to  originate  loans,  comprised  of  $183.5  million  of
commitments  under  commercial  loans  and  lines  of  credit  (including  $35.8  million  of  unadvanced  portions  of  commercial
construction loans), $49.2 million of commitments under home equity loans and lines of credit, $32.8 million of commitments to
purchase  one-  to  four-family  residential  real  estate  loans  and  $8.2  million  of  unfunded  commitments  under  consumer  lines  of
credit. In addition, at June 30, 2020, we had $30.7 million in standby letters of credit outstanding. See Note 13 in the Notes to the
consolidated financial statements for further information.

Contractual Obligations. In the ordinary course of our operations, we enter into certain contractual obligations. Such
obligations include data processing services, operating leases for premises and equipment, agreements with respect to borrowed
funds and deposit liabilities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to Note 1 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements that appear starting on page 78 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K for a description of recent accounting pronouncements that may affect our financial condition and results of
operations.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which
requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in
the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected
in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution
are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance
than  inflation.  Interest  rates  do  not  necessarily  move  in  the  same  direction  or  to  the  same  extent  as  the  prices  of  goods  and
services.

ITEM 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable, as Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. is a “smaller reporting company.”

ITEM 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and Net Worth for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019,
respectively
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
Notes to consolidated financial statements

71
72
73
74

76
77
78

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and
Shareholders of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.
Albany, New York

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of condition of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the
“Company”) as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss),
changes in shareholders’ equity, changes in net worth, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30,
2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial
statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2020, and 2019, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30, 2020, in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(COSO), and our report dated September 28, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with
the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement,
whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the
consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our
audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

/s/ Bonadio & Co., LLP
Syracuse, New York

September 28, 2020

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PIONEER BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Assets
Cash and due from banks
Federal funds sold
Interest-earning deposits with banks
Cash and cash equivalents

Securities available for sale, at fair value
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $6,917 at June 30, 2020; and $3,887 at June 30, 2019)
Equity securities, at fair value
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock
Net loans receivable
Accrued interest receivable
Premises and equipment, net
Bank-owned life insurance
Goodwill
Other intangible assets, net
Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:

Non-interest bearing deposits
Interest bearing deposits

Total deposits

Mortgagors’ escrow deposits
Due to broker
Other liabilities

Total liabilities

Shareholders' Equity
 Preferred stock ($0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding 
as of June 30, 2020)
 Common stock ($0.01 par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized, 25,977,679 shares issued and 
outstanding as of June 30, 2020)
 Additional paid in capital

Retained earnings
Unallocated common stock of Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP")
Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total shareholders' equity
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

72

June 30, 
2020

June 30, 
2019

$

 21,188
 1,382
 134,333
 156,903

 75,768
 6,822
 8,533
 1,010
 1,148,399
 3,467
 40,863
 17,240
 7,292
 2,159
 57,956
$  1,526,412

$

 48,385
 2,083
 179,641
 230,109

 86,695
 3,873
 8,658
 924
 1,053,938
 4,374
 41,710
 17,834
 7,292
 2,523
 22,062
$  1,479,992

$

 437,536
 832,614
 1,270,150
 6,044
 7,758
 18,494
 1,302,446

$

 357,523
 973,795
 1,331,318
 6,044
 —
 7,665
 1,345,027

 —

 —

 260
 113,963
 139,734
 (12,621)
 (17,370)
 223,966
$  1,526,412

 —
 —
 146,068
 —
 (11,103)
 134,965
$  1,479,992

    
    
 
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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PIONEER BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Interest and dividend income:

Loans
Securities
Interest-earning deposits with banks and other

Total interest and dividend income

Interest expense:

Deposits
Borrowings and other

Total interest expense
Net interest income
Provision for loan losses

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

Noninterest income:

Bank fees and service charges
Insurance and wealth management services
Net loss on equity securities
Net gain on available for sale securities transactions
Net loss on disposal of assets
Bank-owned life insurance
Other

Total noninterest income

Noninterest expense:

Salaries and employee benefits
Net occupancy and equipment
Data processing
Advertising and marketing
FDIC insurance premiums
Contribution to Pioneer Bank Charitable Foundation
Fraudulent activity
Professional fees
Other

Total noninterest expense
(Loss) income before income taxes

Income tax (benefit) expense

Net (loss) income

Loss per common share:

 Basic
 Diluted

For the Year Ended
June 30, 

2020

2019

 49,818
 2,541
 1,800
 54,159

 4,245
 235
 4,480
 49,679
 2,350
 47,329

 8,066
 6,457
 —
 6
 (583)
 119
 342
 14,407

 22,647
 5,875
 2,940
 925
 676
 —
 —
 420
 4,407
 37,890
 23,846
 4,830
 19,016

$

$

$
$

$

$

 49,510
 2,108
 1,901
 53,519

 4,607
 124
 4,731
 48,788
 22,590
 26,198

 8,473
 6,477
 (125)
 138
 (28)
 548
 199
 15,682

 24,982
 6,140
 3,232
 678
 118
 5,446
 2,500
 3,759
 4,830
 51,685
 (9,805)
 (3,296)
 (6,509)

 (0.26)
 (0.26)

 Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted

 25,013,452

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PIONEER BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(dollars in thousands)

Net (loss) income

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Unrealized gains/losses on securities:

Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income

Tax benefit

Defined benefit plan:

Change in funded status of defined benefit plans
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net actuarial loss

Tax effect

Total other comprehensive loss

Comprehensive (loss) income

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

74

For the Year Ended
June 30, 

2020

2019

$

 (6,509)

$

 19,016

 39
 (138)
 (99)
 (25)
 (74)

 (9,623)
 1,080
 (8,543)
 (2,234)
 (6,309)
 (6,383)
 (12,892)

$

 (90)
 (6)
 (96)
 (25)
 (71)

 (3,526)
 760
 (2,766)
 (723)
 (2,043)
 (2,114)
 16,902

$

    
    
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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PIONEER BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(dollars in thousands, except share amounts)

Common Stock
Shares

Additional
Paid-in
Amount     Capital

Retained

Unallocated
Common

     Earnings      Stock of ESOP     

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Loss

Total
Shareholders'
Equity

Balance as of July 1, 2019

 — $

 — $

 — $  146,068

$

 — $

 (11,103) $

 134,965

Cumulative effect of change in
accounting principle - revenue
recognition (1)
Cumulative effect of change in
accounting principle - equity
securities (2)
Net loss
Other comprehensive loss
Issuance of common stock to the
mutual holding company
Issuance of common stock for the
initial public offering, net of
offering costs
Issuance of common stock to the
Pioneer Bank Charitable Foundation
Purchase of common stock by the
ESOP (1,018,325 shares)
ESOP shares committed to be
released (76,374 shares)
Balance as of June 30, 2020

 —

 —

 —

 291

 —

 —

 291

 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —  

 (116)
 (6,509)

 —  

 14,287,723

 143

 —  

 —  

 11,170,402

 112

 108,800

 519,554

 5

 5,191

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —
 —
 —  

 —  

 —

 —

 (13,644)

 116
 —
 (6,383)

 —
 (6,509)
 (6,383)

 —  

 143

 —

 —

 —

 108,912

 5,196

 (13,644)

 —
 —
 25,977,679 $  260

 (28)
$  113,963

 —
$  139,734

$

 1,023
 (12,621) $

 —
 (17,370) $

 995
 223,966

(1) Adoption of Accounting Standard Update 2014-09.
(2) Adoption of Accounting Standard Update 2016-01.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET WORTH
(dollars in thousands)

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss

Total
Net
Worth

$

$

 127,052

$

 (8,989)

$

 118,063

 19,016
 —

 —  

 (2,114)

 19,016
 (2,114)

 146,068

$

 (11,103)

$

 134,965

Balance as of July 1, 2018

Net income
Other comprehensive loss

Balance as of June 30, 2019

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PIONEER BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net (loss) income
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization
Provision for loan losses
Net accretion on securities
ESOP compensation
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance
Proceeds from sale of loans
Net loss on the sale, disposal or write-down of premises and equipment, and other real estate owned
Net loss on equity securities
Net gain on available for sale securities transactions
Deferred tax benefit
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable
Increase in due to broker

 Stock contribution to Pioneer Bank Charitable Foundation

Increase in other assets
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Proceeds from maturities, paydowns and calls of securities available for sale
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale
Purchases of securities available for sale
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of securities held to maturity
Purchases of securities held to maturity
Net purchases of FHLBNY stock
Net increase in loans receivable
Purchases of premises and equipment
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment, and other real estate owned
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance death benefit

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net (decrease) increase in deposits
Net increase in mortgagors’ escrow deposits
Issuance of common stock
Purchase of shares by the ESOP

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid during the period for:

Interest
Income taxes

Non-cash investing and financing activity:

Loans transferred to other real estate owned

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

77

For the Year Ended
June 30, 

2020

2019

$

 (6,509)

$

 19,016

 2,906
 22,590
 (329)
 995
 (548)
 —
 28
 125
 (138)
 (3,492)
 907
 7,758
 5,196
 (28,152)
 688
 2,025

 80,875
 5,030
 (74,610)
 3,763
 (6,712)
 (86)
 (117,311)
 (1,703)
 138
 1,142
 (109,474)

 (61,168)
 —
 109,055
 (13,644)
 34,243

 (73,206)
 230,109
 156,903

 4,714
 1,800

 260

$

$
$

$

 2,814
 2,350
 (533)
 —
 (119)
 227
 583
 —
 (6)
 (63)
 (520)
 —
 —
 (14,186)
 (3,434)
 6,129

 61,534
 —
 (68,381)
 5,252
 (3,828)
 (41)
 (70,887)
 (2,284)
 617
 —
 (78,018)

 181,056
 662
 —
 —
 181,718

 109,829
 120,280
 230,109

 4,474
 5,350

 274

$

$
$

$

    
    
 
    
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
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PIONEER BANCORP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2020 AND 2019

1.        SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation
Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a mid-tier stock holding company whose wholly owned subsidiary is Pioneer
Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank is a New York State chartered savings bank whose wholly owned subsidiaries are Pioneer
Commercial Bank, Anchor Agency, Inc. and Pioneer Financial Services, Inc.

The Company provides diversified financial services through the Bank and its subsidiaries, with 22 offices in the Capital
Region  of  New  York  State.  The  Company,  through  its  subsidiaries,  offers  a  broad  array  of  deposit,  lending,  and  other
financial services to individuals, businesses, and municipalities.   There are no significant concentrations of loans to any
one customer or industry. However, the customers’ ability to repay their loans is dependent on the real estate and general
economic conditions in the Bank’s market area.

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company,  the  Bank,  and  the  Bank’s  wholly  owned
subsidiaries.    All  significant  intercompany  accounts  and  transactions  have  been  eliminated  in  consolidation.  Financial
information for the periods before the Company’s mutual holding company reorganization and stock offering on July 17,
2019 are those of the Bank and its subsidiaries.

Mutual Holding Company Reorganization and Minority Stock Issuance

On  July  17,  2019,  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  became  the  holding  company  of  the  Bank  when  it  closed  its  stock  offering  in
connection  with  the  completion  of  the  reorganization  of  the  Bank  into  the  two-tier  mutual  holding  company  form  of
organization. The Company sold 11,170,402 shares of common stock at a price of $10.00 per share, for net proceeds of
$109.1 million, issued 14,287,723 shares to Pioneer Bancorp, MHC and contributed 519,554 shares of common stock and
$250,000 in cash to the Pioneer Bank Charitable Foundation. The Company established an ESOP which owns 1,018,325
shares  of  common  stock  of  the  Company.  The  remaining  amount  of  subscription  proceeds  received  and  recorded  as  a
liability on June 30, 2019, was refunded to subscribers. Pioneer Bancorp, MHC now owns 55% of the common stock of
the Company.

Use of Estimates
The  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the
United  State  of  America  (“GAAP”)  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported
amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial
statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  period.  Actual  results  could  differ
substantially from those estimates. The allowance for loan losses, valuation of securities and other financial instruments,
the funded status and expense of employee benefit plans, and the realizability of deferred tax assets are particularly subject
to change.

Subsequent Events
Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the statement of condition date but before financial statements
are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that
existed at the date of the statement of condition, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing consolidated
financial  statements.  Non-recognized  subsequent  events  are  events  that  provide  evidence  about  conditions  that  did  not
exist at the date of the statement of condition but arose after that date.

Management has reviewed events occurring through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued and, when
appropriate,  recognized  or  disclosed  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  or  notes  to  the  consolidated  financial
statements.  See Note 19 “Subsequent Events,” for additional information.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consists of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold with maturities less than three months,
and interest-bearing deposits with banks. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, changes
in mortgagor’s escrow deposits, and short-term borrowings.

Securities Available for Sale, Securities Held to Maturity and Equity Securities
Management  determines  the appropriate  classification  of debt securities  at the time  of purchase. If management  has the
positive intent and ability to hold debt securities to maturity, they are classified as securities held to maturity and are stated
at amortized cost. If debt securities are purchased for the purpose of selling them in the near term, they are classified as
trading  securities  and  are  reported  at  fair  value  with  unrealized  gains  and  losses  reflected  in  current  earnings.  All  other
debt securities are classified as securities available for sale and reported at fair value, with net unrealized gains or losses
reported,  net  of  income  taxes,  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss,  a  component  of  shareholders’  equity.  All
marketable equity securities are reported at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through net income (loss) in
the consolidated statement of operations. At June 30, 2020 and 2019, and during the periods then ended, the Company did
not hold any securities considered to be trading securities.

Gains  or  losses  on  the  sale  or  call  of  securities  are  based  on  the  net  proceeds  received  and  the  amortized  cost  of  the
securities sold or called, using the specific identification method. Unrealized losses on securities which reflect a decline in
value which is other-than-temporary are charged to income. The cost of securities is adjusted for amortization of premium
and accretion of discount, which is calculated on an effective interest method.

Management evaluates  securities for  other-than-temporary impairment  (“OTTI”) at  least  on  a  quarterly  basis,  and  more
frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. In determining OTTI, management considers
many  factors,  including:  (1)  the  length  of  time  and  the  extent  to  which  the  fair  value  has  been  less  than  cost,  (2)  the
financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic
conditions, and (4) whether the entity has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell
the  debt  security  before  its  anticipated  recovery.  The  assessment  of  whether  an  other-than-temporary  decline  exists
involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at a point in
time.  In  order  to  determine  OTTI  for  mortgage-backed  securities,  asset-backed  securities  and  collateralized  mortgage
obligations, the Company compares the present value of the remaining cash flows as estimated at the preceding evaluation
date to the current expected remaining cash flows. OTTI is deemed to have occurred if there has been an adverse change
in the remaining expected future cash flows.

When  OTTI  occurs,  the  amount  of  the  OTTI  recognized  in  earnings  depends  on  whether  an  entity  intends  to  sell  the
security or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, less
any current-period credit loss. If an entity intends to sell or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security
before recovery of its amortized cost basis, less any current-period credit loss, the OTTI shall be recognized in earnings
equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If
an entity does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the
security  before  recovery  of  its  amortized  cost  basis  less  any  current-period  loss,  the  OTTI  shall  be  separated  into  the
amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the
credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and is recognized in earnings.
The  amount  of  the  total  OTTI  related  to  other  factors  is  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income,  net  of  applicable
taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of
the investment.

Securities are exposed to various risks such as interest rate, market and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with
certain securities, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in the values of securities will occur in the near term and
that such changes could materially affect the amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”) Stock
The Bank is a member of the FHLB system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of
borrowings  and  other  factors.  FHLBNY  stock  is  carried  at  cost,  classified  as  a  restricted  security,  and  periodically
evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends, if any, are reported as
income.

Loans Held for Sale
Management  determines  the  appropriate  classification  of  mortgage  loans  at  the  time  of  commitment  for  new  loan
originations or, for convertible adjustable rate loans, at the time of conversion to a fixed interest rate. Mortgage loans held
for sale are recorded at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value as determined by outstanding commitments from investors
or fair value based upon recent sales for loans with no commitments. In order to limit the interest rate risk associated with
loans  held  for  sale,  the  Company  may  enter  into  various  agreements  to  sell  loans  in  the  secondary  mortgage  market  at
fixed rates.

Gains and losses on the disposition of loans held for sale are determined based on the difference between the selling price
and the carrying value of the loan sold plus the value of servicing rights, if retained.

At June 30, 2020 and 2019 the Company had no loans held for sale.

Net Loans Receivable
Loans receivable are reported at the principal amount outstanding, plus net deferred loan costs and net of the allowance for
loan  losses.  Interest  income  accrues  on  the  unpaid  principal  balance.  Interest  income  on  loans  is  not  recognized  when
considered doubtful of collection by management (generally, when principal or interest payments are ninety days or more
past  due).  Past  due  status  is  based  on  the  contractual  terms  of  the  loan.  In  all  cases,  loans  are  placed  on  nonaccrual  or
charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Nonaccrual loans and loans past
due 90 days or more still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for
impairment  and  individually  evaluated  impaired  loans.  A  loan  is  moved  to  non-accrual  status  in  accordance  with  the
Company’s policy, typically after 90 days of non-payment.

All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received
on  such  loans  is  accounted  for  on  a  cost  recovery  method,  until  qualifying  for  return  to  accrual.  Loans  are  returned  to
accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are
reasonably assured.

Fees received from loan originations and certain direct origination costs are deferred and amortized into interest income to
provide for a level-yield on the underlying loans without anticipating prepayments.

Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. The allowance for loan losses is
increased  through  charges  to  the  provision  for  loan  losses.  Loans  are  charged  against  the  allowance  when  management
believes that the collectability of the principal is not probable. Recoveries on loans previously charged-off are credited to
the  allowance  for  loan  losses  when  realized.  The  allowance  is  an  amount  that  management  believes  is  adequate  for
probable incurred losses on existing loans.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually
classified as impaired.

A  loan  is  impaired  when,  based  on  current  information  and  events,  it  is  probable  that  the  Company  will  be  unable  to
collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans, for which the terms have been
modified, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and
classified as impaired.

Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability
of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant

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payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance
of  payment  delays  and  payment  shortfalls  on  case-by-case  basis,  taking  into  consideration  all  of  the  circumstances
surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior
payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Commercial  business,  commercial  real  estate,  commercial  construction,  and  certain  residential  real  estate  loans  are
individually  evaluated  for  impairment.  If  a  loan  is  impaired,  a  portion  of  the  allowance  is  allocated  so  that  the  loan  is
reported,  net,  at  the  present  value  of  estimated  future  cash  flows  using  the  loan’s  existing  rate  or  at  the  fair  value  of
collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as
consumer  and  residential  real  estate  loans,  are  collectively  evaluated  for  impairment,  and  accordingly,  they  are  not
separately identified for impairment disclosures unless classified as a troubled debt restructuring.

Troubled debt restructurings are separately identified for impairment disclosures and are measured at the present value of
estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception. If a troubled debt restructuring is considered to be a
collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For troubled debt restructurings that
subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of an allowance in accordance with the accounting policy for
the allowance for loan losses.

The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors.
The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by
the Company over the most recent one, three, five or ten year periods, whichever is highest. This actual loss experience is
supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These economic factors
include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in
charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting
standards;  other  changes  in  lending  policies,  procedures,  and  practices;  experience,  ability,  and  depth  of  lending
management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects
of  changes  in  credit  concentrations.  The  following  portfolio  segments  have  been  identified:  Commercial,  Residential
Mortgages,  Home Equity  Loans  and Lines,  and Consumer. Commercial  loan classes  include  commercial  and industrial,
real estate, and construction.

The risk characteristics of each of the identified portfolio segments and classes are as follows:

Commercial –  Commercial  and  industrial  loans  are  commercial  loans  other  than  those  secured  by  real  estate.
Commercial  and industrial  loans are generally  of higher  risk and typically  are  made  on the basis of the borrower’s
ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business. As a result, the availability of funds for the
repayment  of  commercial  loans  may  depend  substantially  on  the  success  of  the  business  itself.  Furthermore,  any
collateral  securing  such  loans  may  depreciate  over  time,  may  be  difficult  to  appraise  and  may  fluctuate  in  value.
Commercial and industrial loans also include Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans which carry a 100% SBA
guarantee if made to eligible borrowers.

Commercial  real  estate  loans  are  secured  by  multi-family  and  nonresidential  real  estate  and  generally  have  larger
balances and involve a greater degree of risk than residential real estate loans. Commercial real estate loans depend on
the global cash flow analysis of the borrower and the net operating income of the property, the borrower’s expertise,
credit history and profitability, and the value of the underlying property. Of primary concern in commercial real estate
lending is the borrower’s creditworthiness and the cash flow from the property. Payments on loans secured by income
properties  often  depend  on  successful  operation  and  management  of  the  properties.  As  a  result,  repayment  of  such
loans  may  be  subject,  to  a  greater  extent  than  residential  real  estate  loans,  to  adverse  conditions  in  the  real  estate
market or the economy. Commercial real estate is also subject to adverse market conditions that cause a decrease in
market value or lease rates, obsolescence in location or function and market conditions associated with oversupply in
a specific region.

Commercial construction financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk of loss than long-term
financing on improved, occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of
the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction and the estimated cost of

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construction.  During  the  construction  phase,  a  number  of  factors  could  result  in  delays  and  cost  overruns.  If  the
estimate of construction costs proves to be inaccurate, additional funds may be required to be advanced in excess of
the amount originally committed to permit completion of the building. If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate,
the  value  of  the  building  may  be  insufficient  to  assure  full  repayment  if  liquidation  is  required.  If  foreclosure  is
required  on  a  building  before  or  at  completion  due  to  a  default,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  all  of  the  unpaid
balance of, and accrued interest on, the loan as well as related foreclosure and holding costs will be recovered.

Residential Mortgages– Residential mortgage loans are generally made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make
repayment from his or her employment or other income, and which are secured by real property whose value tends to
be more easily ascertainable. Repayment of residential mortgage loans is subject to adverse employment conditions in
the  local  economy  leading  to  increased  default  rate  and  decreased  market  values  from  oversupply  in  a  geographic
area. In general, residential mortgage loans depend on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and, therefore, are
likely  to  be  adversely  affected  by  various  factors,  including  job  loss,  divorce,  illness  or  personal  bankruptcy.
Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency
laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.

Home  Equity  Loans  and  Lines –  Home  equity  loans  secured  by  real  estate  may  entail  greater  risk  than  first-lien
residential  mortgage  loans  due  to  a  lower  lien  position.  In  general,  repayment  of  home  equity  loans  depend  on  the
borrower’s  continuing  financial  stability  and,  therefore,  are  likely  to  be  adversely  affected  by  various  factors,
including job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state
laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such
loans.

Consumer - Consumer loans, particularly unsecured loans and loans secured by assets that depreciate rapidly, such as
motor vehicles, are subject to greater risk. In all cases, collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an
adequate  source  of  repayment  for  the  outstanding  loan  and  a  small  remaining  deficiency  often  does  not  warrant
further substantial collection efforts against the borrower.

Derivatives
In the normal course of business, the Company utilizes interest rate swaps with certain commercial borrowers and third-
party  counterparties.  These  transactions  are  accounted  for  as  derivatives.  The  derivatives  are  entered  into  in  connection
with the Company’s asset and liability management activities and not for trading purposes.

The  derivatives  are  not  designated  as  hedges  for  accounting  purposes  and  therefore  all  derivatives  are  recorded  at  fair
value  as  derivative  assets  and  derivative  liabilities,  included  in  other  assets  and  other  liabilities,  respectively,  in  the
consolidated  statement  of  condition,  with  changes  in  fair  value  recognized  as  non-interest  income  in  the  consolidated
statement of operations.

Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed
on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets (39 years for buildings, 15 years for land improvements
and 3 to 10 years for furniture,  fixtures and equipment). Leasehold  improvements  are amortized on a straight-line  basis
over the shorter of the term of the related leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets. Land is carried at cost.

Other Real Estate Owned
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) is initially recorded at fair value of the asset acquired less an estimate of the costs to
sell,  establishing  a  new  cost  basis.  Fair  value  of  OREO  is  generally  determined  through  independent  appraisals.  At  the
time of foreclosure or when the Company obtains legal title to the property, the excess, if any, of the recorded investment
in the loan over the fair value of the asset received is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent declines in the
fair value of such assets, or increases in the estimated costs to sell the properties

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and net operating expenses of such assets, are charged directly to other expenses. OREO is included in other assets in the
consolidated statements of condition.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance
The Company is the beneficiary of a policy that insures the lives of certain current and former officers of the Company.
The Company has recognized the cash surrender value, or the amount that can be realized under the insurance policy, as
an asset in the consolidated statements of condition. Changes in the cash surrender value and insurance benefit payments
are recorded in noninterest income.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The excess of the cost of acquired entities over the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, less
liabilities  assumed,  is  recorded  as  goodwill.  Goodwill  is  carried  at  its  acquired  value  and  is  reviewed  annually  for
impairment, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may be impaired.

Acquired  identifiable  intangible  assets  that  have  finite  lives  are  amortized  over  their  useful  economic  life.  Customer
relationship intangibles are generally amortized over fifteen years based upon the projected discounted cash flows of the
accounts  acquired.  Core  deposit  premium  related  to  the  Company’s  assumption  of  certain  deposit  liabilities  is  being
amortized over fifteen years. Acquired identifiable intangible assets that are amortized are reviewed for impairment when
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may be impaired.

Due to Broker
As of June 30, 2020, the Company recorded a liability classified as Due to Broker for the purchase of securities with trade
dates prior to year-end and settlement dates subsequent to year-end.

Advertising
The Company expenses costs associated with advertising as they are incurred.

Income Taxes
Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and
liabilities.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  the  expected  future  tax  amounts  for  the  temporary  differences  between
carrying  amounts  and  tax  basis  of  assets  and  liabilities,  computed  using  enacted  tax  rates.  A  valuation  allowance,  if
needed,  reduces  deferred  tax  assets  to  the  amount  expected  to  be  realized.  The  Company  recognizes  interest  and/or
penalties related to income tax matters in other expense.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax
examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit
that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not”
test, no tax benefit is recorded.

Statutory Transfer of Surplus
A  quarterly  transfer  of  10%  of  net  income  may  be  made  to  surplus  in  accordance  with  New  York  State  Banking
Regulations.  No  transfer  is  required  if  net  worth  as  a  percent  of  deposits  exceeds  10%  at  the  end  of  each  quarter.  In
accordance with State of New York Banking Law, surplus is subject to certain restrictions, including a prohibition of its
use for payment of dividends, except with the approval of the Department of Financial Services.

Financial Instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to certain financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk such
as  commitments  to  extend  credit,  unused  lines  of  credit  and  standby  letters  of  credit.  The  face  amount  for  these  items
represents exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral, or ability to repay. The Company’s policy is to record
such instruments when funded.

Mortgage Servicing Rights
Mortgage  servicing  rights  are  recognized  in  other  assets  when  loans  are  sold  with  servicing  retained  based  on  their
estimated fair values. The cost allocated to the servicing right is capitalized as a separate asset and amortized in

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proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing income. Capitalized mortgage servicing rights are assessed
for  impairment  based  on  the  fair  value  of  those  rights,  and  any  impairment  loss  is  recognized  through  a  valuation
allowance.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) represents the sum of net income (loss) and items of other comprehensive income or loss,
which are reported directly in shareholders’ equity, net of tax. Other comprehensive income or loss includes the unrealized
gain or loss on securities available for sale and changes in the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension and
other post-retirement plans, net of tax.

Cash Reserve Requirement
The Company may be required to maintain certain reserves of cash and/or deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank. The
Company had no reserve requirement at June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Employee Benefits
The  Company  has  a  defined  benefit  pension  plan  covering  substantially  all  of  its  employees  hired  before  September  1,
2019.  The  benefits  are  developed  from  actuarial  valuations  and  are  based  on  the  employee’s  years  of  service  and
compensation. Actuarial assumptions such as interest rates, expected return on plan assets, turnover, mortality and rates of
future compensation increases have a significant impact on the costs, assets and liabilities of the plan. Pension expense is
the net of service cost, interest cost, return on plan assets and amortization of gains and losses not immediately recognized.

The Company also provides post-retirement medical and life insurance benefits to certain employees and retirees. The cost
of post-retirement benefits is recognized on an accrual basis as employees perform services. Effective October 1, 2006, the
post-retirement  medical  portion  of  the  plan  was  frozen.  Accordingly,  after  that  date  there  have  been  no  new  plan
participants.

The Company maintains a defined contribution 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees meeting certain eligibility
requirements.  Employer  401(k)  expense  is  the  amount  of  matching  contributions.  Deferred  compensation  and
supplemental retirement plan expense principally represents investment performance on the various plan assets.

The  Company  maintains  an  Employee  Stock  Ownership  Plan  (“ESOP”)  covering  substantially  all  employees  meeting
certain eligibility requirements. The cost of shares issued to the ESOP, but not yet allocated to participants, is shown as a
reduction of shareholders’ equity. Compensation expense is based on the market price of shares as they are committed to
be released to participant accounts.

Reclassifications
Amounts  in  the  prior  year’s  consolidated  financial  statements  are  reclassified  whenever  necessary  to  conform  to  the
current year’s presentation.

Correction of an Immaterial Error
During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2020, the Company recorded an out-of-period adjustment that effected the Consolidated
Statements of Condition, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Loss).  The adjustment related to an error in the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01, Financial
Instruments  –  Overall  (Subtopic  825-10):  Recognition  and  measurement  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities,  for
three legacy preferred stock holdings in the Company’s investment securities portfolio. 

The impact of this adjustment resulted in a current period decrease in net loss on equity securities of $16,000, a decrease in
income tax benefit of $4,000, and a decrease in unrealized holding gains, net of tax, arising during the period of $12,000. 
The Company also recorded a decrease in retained earnings of $702,000, a reduction in accumulated other comprehensive
loss  of  $702,000,  a  decrease  in  securities  available  for  sale  of  $5.1  million  and  an  increase  in  equity  securities  of  $5.1
million as of June 30, 2020.  The Company reviewed and determined that the impact of this error was not material to the
previously issued interim consolidated financial statements. 

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Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On July 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09 amending guidance on “Revenue from Contracts with Customers
(Topic 606)” and all subsequent ASU’s that modified Topic 606.  The objective of the ASU is to align the recognition of
revenue with the transfer of promised goods or services provided to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.  This ASU replaces most existing revenue
recognition guidance under GAAP.  A significant amount of the Company’s revenues are derived from net interest income
on  financial  assets  and  liabilities,  which  are  excluded  from  the  scope  of  the  amended  guidance.    With  respect  to
noninterest  income,  the  Company  has  identified  revenue  streams  within  the  scope  of  the  guidance,  which  include
insurance revenues, wealth management services, service charges on deposits, interchange income, and gains (losses) from
the transfer of other real estate owned.  The Company recorded a net increase to beginning retained earnings of $291,000
as of July 1, 2019 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, primarily driven by the recognition of insurance
commission income. Refer to Note 16 for additional disclosures required by Topic 606.

On July 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01 amending guidance on “Financial Instruments (Subtopic 825-10)”. 
This  amendment  addresses  certain  aspects  of  recognition,  measurement,  presentation,  and  disclosure  of  financial
instruments.  These amendments require equity securities to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value to be
recognized through net income. The amendments also simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without
readily determinable fair values by requiring assessment for impairment qualitatively at each reporting period. As of June
30, 2019, the Company had equity investments with a cost of $2.8 million and an estimated fair value of $3.6 million.  On
July  1,  2019,  the  Company  recorded  a  cumulative-effect  adjustment  to  decrease  retained  earnings  in  the  amount  of
$116,000  representing  the  unrealized  loss,  net  of  tax,  on  these  equity  securities.    Change  in  fair  value  during  the  year
ended June 30, 2020 has been recognized in net income (loss).

On  July  1,  2019,  the  Company  adopted  ASU  2016-15  which  clarifies  how  certain  cash  receipts  and  cash  payments  are
presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments are intended to reduce diversity in practice. The
amendment  covers  the  following  cash  flows:  Cash  payments  for  debt  prepayment  or  extinguishment  costs  will  be
classified  in  financing  activities.  Upon settlement  of  zero-coupon  bonds  and  bonds  with  insignificant  cash  coupons,  the
portion of the payment attributable to imputed interest will be classified as an operating activity, while the portion of the
payment attributable to principal will be classified as a financing activity. Cash paid by an acquirer that is not soon after a
business  combination  for  the  settlement  of  a  contingent  consideration  liability  will  be  separated  between  financing
activities and operating activities. Cash payments up to the amount of the contingent consideration liability recognized at
the acquisition date will be classified in financing activities; any excess will be classified in operating activities. Cash paid
soon after the business combination will be classified in investing activities. Cash proceeds received from the settlement of
insurance  claims  will  be  classified  on  the  basis  of  the  related  insurance  coverage  (that  is,  the  nature  of  the  loss).  Cash
proceeds from lump-sum settlements will be classified based on the nature of each loss included in the settlement. Cash
proceeds received from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance (COLI) and bank-owned life insurance (BOLI)
policies will be classified as cash inflows from investing activities. Cash payments for premiums on COLI and BOLI may
be classified as cash outflows for investing, operating, or a combination of both. A transferor’s beneficial interest obtained
in a securitization of financial assets will be disclosed as a noncash activity, and cash received from beneficial interests
will be classified in investing activities. Distributions received from equity method investees will be classified using either
a  cumulative  earnings  approach  or  a  look-  through  approach  as  an  accounting  policy  election.  The  ASU  contains
additional guidance clarifying when an entity should separate cash receipts and cash payments and classify them into more
than one class of cash flows (including when reasonable judgment is required to estimate and allocate cash flows) versus
when  an  entity  should  classify  the  aggregate  amount  into  one  class  of  cash  flows  on  the  basis  of  predominance.  The
adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

On  July  1,  2019,  the  Company  adopted  ASU  2016-18  related  to  guidance  on  “Statement  of  Cash  Flows  (Topic  230)
Restricted Cash” which addresses diversity in practice from entities classifying and presenting transfers between cash and
restricted cash as operating, investing or financing activities or as a combination of those activities in the statement of cash
flows. The ASU requires entities to show the changes in the total cash, cash equivalents, restricted

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cash and restricted cash equivalents in the Statement of Cash Flows. As a result, transfers between such categories will no
longer be presented in the Statement of Cash Flows. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our
consolidated results of operations or financial position.

On July 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2017-07 related to guidance on “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic
715)”  which  improves  the  presentation  of  net  periodic  pension  cost  and  net  periodic  postretirement  benefit  cost.  ASU
2017-07 requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation
costs arising from services rendered  by the pertinent employees  during the period. The other components of net benefit
cost  are  required  to  be  presented  in  the  income  statement  separately  from  the  service  cost  component  and  outside  a
subtotal  of  income  from  operations,  if  one  is  presented.  If  a  separate  line  item  or  items  are  used  to  present  the  other
components of net benefit cost, that line item or items must be appropriately described. If a separate line item or items are
not used, the line item or items used in the income statement to present the other components of net benefit cost must be
disclosed.  The  adoption  of  this  guidance  did  not  have  a  material  impact  on  our  consolidated  results  of  operations  or
financial position.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In  February  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-02  to  its  guidance  on  “Leases  (Topic  842)”.  The  new  leases  standard
applies  a  right-of-use  (ROU)  model  that  requires  a  lessee  to  record,  for  all  leases  with  a  lease  term  of  more  than
12 months, an asset representing  its right to use the underlying asset and a liability  to make lease payments. For leases
with  a  term  of  12  months  or  less,  a  practical  expedient  is  available  whereby  a  lessee  may  elect,  by  class  of  underlying
asset, not to recognize an ROU asset or lease liability. The new leases standard requires a lessor to classify leases as either
sales-type, direct financing or operating, similar to existing GAAP. Classification depends on the same five criteria used
by  lessees  plus  certain  additional  factors.  The  subsequent  accounting  treatment  for  all  three  lease  types  is  substantially
equivalent  to  existing  GAAP  for  sales-type  leases,  direct  financing  leases,  and  operating  leases.  However,  the  new
standard updates certain aspects of the lessor accounting model to align it with the new lessee accounting model, as well as
with  the  new  revenue  standard  under  Topic  606.  Lessees  and  lessors  are  required  to  provide  certain  qualitative  and
quantitative disclosures to enable users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows
arising from leases. The amendments in ASU 2016-02 are effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning July 1,
2021. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU will result in a gross up of the Consolidated Statements of
Condition for right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities for operating leases in which the Company is the lessee. In
July  2018,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2018-10,  Codification  Improvements  to  Topic  842  -  Leases  to  address  certain
narrow  aspects  of  the  guidance  issued  in  ASU  No.  2016-02.  In  July  2018,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2018-11,  Leases
(Topic  842):  Targeted  Improvements,  which  amends  FASB  Accounting  Standards  Codification  (ASC),  Leases  (Topic
842), to (1) add an optional transition method that would permit entities to apply the new requirements by recognizing a
cumulative-effect  adjustment  to  the  opening  balance  of  retained  earnings  in  the  year  of  adoption,  and  (2)  provide  a
practical  expedient  for  lessors  regarding  the  separation  of  the  lease  and  non-lease  components  of  a  contract.  In
December  2018, the FASB issued  ASU No. 2018-20, Narrow-Scope  Improvements  for  Lessors, which addresses  issues
related  to  (1)  sales  tax  and  similar  taxes  collected  from  lessees,  (2)  certain  lessor  costs,  and  (3)  recognition  of  variable
payments  for  contracts  with  lease  and  non-lease  components.  In  June  2020,  the  FASB  issued  No.  ASU  2020-05,
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in response to the pandemic which has adversely affected the global economy and
caused  significant  and  widespread  business  and  capital  market  disruptions.  The  FASB  is  committed  to  supporting  and
assisting stakeholders during this difficult time. The FASB issued ASU 2020-05 as a limited deferral of the effective dates
of  certain  ASUs,  including  ASU  2016-02  (including  amendments  issued  after  the  issuance  of  the  original)  to  provide
immediate, near-term relief for certain entities for whom these ASUs are either currently effective or imminently effective.
The Company plans to defer the adoption of the amendments in ASU 2016-02 to the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2022.
The  Company  is  evaluating  the  significance  and  other  effects  of  adoption  on  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and
related disclosures. The Company is performing its accounting analysis of its branch building and other leases underlying
contracts. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact on adoption of this ASU on our consolidated financial
statements.

In  June  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-13  to  its  guidance  on  “Financial  Instruments  –  Credit  Losses  (Topic  326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. ASU 2016-13 requires credit losses on most

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financial  assets  measured  at  amortized  cost  and  certain  other  instruments  to  be  measured  using  an  expected  credit  loss
model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model). Under this model, entities will estimate credit losses
over  the  entire  contractual  term  of  the  instrument  (considering  estimated  prepayments,  but  not  expected  extensions  or
modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exists) from the date of initial recognition of
that  instrument.  The  ASU  also  replaces  the  current  accounting  model  for  purchased  credit  impaired  loans  and  debt
securities. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than insignificant amount of credit
deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”), should be determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured
on  an  amortized  cost  basis.  However,  upon  initial  recognition,  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  is  added  to  the  purchase
price  (“gross  up  approach”)  to  determine  the  initial  amortized  cost  basis.  The  subsequent  accounting  for  PCD  financial
assets  is  the  same  expected  loss  model  described  above.  Further,  the  ASU  made  certain  targeted  amendments  to  the
existing  impairment  model  for  available-for-sale  (AFS)  debt  securities.    For  an  AFS  debt  security  for  which  there  is
neither the intent nor a more-likely-than-not requirement to sell, an entity will record credit losses as an allowance rather
than  a  write-down  of  the  amortized  cost  basis.  The  amendments  in  this  ASU  are  effective  for  the  Company  for  the
fiscal  year  beginning  July  1,  2023.  An  entity  will  apply  the  amendments  in  this  ASU  through  a  cumulative-effect
adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (that is, a
modified-retrospective  approach).  In  November  2018,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2018-19,  Codification  Improvements  to
Topic  326,  Financial  Instruments-Credit  Losses,  which  aligns  the  implementation  date  for  nonpublic  entities’  annual
financial  statements  with  the  implementation  date  for  their  interim  financial  statements  and  clarifies  the  scope  of  the
guidance in the amendments in ASU 2016-13. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements
to  Topic  326,  Financial  Instruments-Credit  Losses,  Topic  815,  Derivatives  and  Hedging,  and  Topic  825,  Financial
Instruments.  ASU 2019-04 clarifies or addresses stakeholders’ specific issues about certain aspects of the amendments in
Update  2016-13  related  to  measuring  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  under  the  new  guidance.  The  effective  dates  and
transition  requirements  for  the  amendments  related  to  this  Update  are  the  same  as  the  effective  dates  and  transition
requirements in Update 2016-13. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic
326,  Financial  Instruments  Credit  Losses  clarifying  certain  amendments  to  various  provisions  of  ASU  No.  2016-13
relating to (1) purchased financial assets with credit deterioration, (2) financial assets secured by collateral maintenance
agreements, (3) transition relief for troubled debt restructurings, and (4) disclosure relief when the practical expedient for
accrued interest receivables is applied. The initial adjustment will not be reported in earnings and therefore will not have
any  material  impact  on  our  consolidated  results  of  operations,  but  it  is  expected  that  it  will  have  an  impact  on  our
consolidated  financial  position  at  the  date  of  adoption  of  this  ASU.  At  this  time,  we  have  not  calculated  the  estimated
impact that this ASU will have on our allowance for loan losses, however, we anticipate it will have a significant impact
on  the  methodology  process  we  utilize  to  calculate  the  allowance.  Alternative  methodologies  are  currently  being
considered. Data requirements and integrity are being reviewed and enhancements incorporated into standard processes.
The  Company  is  currently  evaluating  the  potential  impact  on  adoption  of  this  ASU  on  our  consolidated  financial
statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08 to its guidance on “Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs
(Subtopic 310-20) related to premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities. The amendments in this Update
shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the amendments require
the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities
held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the
Company for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.
If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of
the  fiscal  year  that  includes  that  interim  period.    An  entity  should  apply  the  amendments  in  this  Update  on  a  modified
retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of
adoption.  Additionally,  in  the  period  of  adoption,  an  entity  should  provide  disclosure  about  a  change  in  accounting
principle. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations
or financial position.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 to its guidance on “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)”. This update
modifies  the  disclosure  requirements  on  fair  value  measurements.  The  following  disclosure  requirements  were  removed
from  Topic  820:  (1)  the  amount  of  and  reasons  for  transfers  between  Level  1  and  Level  2  of  the  fair  value  hierarchy;
(2) the policy for timing of transfers between levels; (3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair

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value measurements; and (4) for nonpublic entities, the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in
earnings for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period. The following disclosure
requirements were modified in Topic 820: (1) in lieu of a rollforward for Level 3 fair value measurements, a nonpublic
entity is required to disclose transfers into and out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and purchases and issues of Level
3 assets and liabilities; (2) for investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value, an entity is required to disclose
the  timing  of  liquidation  of  an  investee’s  assets  and  the  date  when restrictions  from  redemption  might  lapse  only  if  the
investee has communicated the timing to the entity or announced the timing publicly; and (3) the amendments clarify that
the  measurement  uncertainty  disclosure  is  to  communicate  information  about  the  uncertainty  in  measurement  as  of  the
reporting date. The following disclosure requirements were added to Topic 820; however, the disclosures are not required
for  nonpublic  entities:  (1)  the  changes  in  unrealized  gains  and  losses  for  the  period  included  in  other  comprehensive
income  for  recurring  Level  3  fair  value  measurements  held  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period;  and  (2)  the  range  and
weighted  average  of  significant  unobservable  inputs  used  to  develop  Level  3  fair  value  measurements.  For  certain
unobservable inputs, an entity may disclose other quantitative information (such as the median or arithmetic average) in
lieu of the weighted average if the entity determines that other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and
rational  method  to  reflect  the  distribution  of  unobservable  inputs  used  to  develop  Level  3  fair  value  measurements.  In
addition, the amendments eliminate at a minimum from the phrase “an entity shall disclose at a minimum” to promote the
appropriate  exercise  of  discretion  by  entities  when  considering  fair  value  measurement  disclosures  and  to  clarify  that
materiality  is  an  appropriate  consideration  of  entities  and  their  auditors  when  evaluating  disclosure  requirements.  The
amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs
used  to  develop  Level  3  fair  value  measurements,  and  the  narrative  description  of  measurement  uncertainty  should  be
applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All
other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments in
this ASU are effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is
permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU No. 2018-13 and delay adoption of
the additional disclosures until their effective date. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact
on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In  August  2018,  the  FASB  has  issued  ASU    2018-14,  “Compensation—Retirement  Benefits—Defined  Benefit  Plans—
General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans”,
that applies to all employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments modify
the  disclosure  requirements  for  employers  that  sponsor  defined  benefit  pension  or  other  postretirement  plans.  The
following  disclosure  requirements  were  removed  from  Subtopic  715-20:  (1)  the  amounts  in  accumulated  other
comprehensive  income  expected  to  be  recognized  as  components  of  net  periodic  benefit  cost  over  the  next  fiscal  year;
(2)  the  amount  and  timing  of  plan  assets  expected  to  be  returned  to  the  employer;  (3)  the  disclosures  related  to  the
June  2001  amendments  to  the  Japanese  Welfare  Pension  Insurance  Law;  related  party  disclosures  about  the  amount  of
future  annual  benefits  covered  by  insurance  and  annuity  contracts  and  significant  transactions  between  the  employer  or
related parties and the plan; (4) for nonpublic entities, the reconciliation of the opening balances to the closing balances of
plan  assets  measured  on  a  recurring  basis  in  Level  3  of  the  fair  value  hierarchy.  However,  nonpublic  entities  will  be
required to disclose separately the amounts of transfers into and out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and purchases of
Level 3 plan assets; and (5) for public entities, the effects of a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost
trend rates on the (a) aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit costs and (b) benefit
obligation for postretirement health care benefits. The following disclosure requirements were added to Subtopic 715-20:
(1)  the  weighted-average  interest  crediting  rates  for  cash  balance  plans  and  other  plans  with  promised  interest  crediting
rates; and (2) an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for
the  period.  The  amendments  also  clarify  the  disclosure  requirements  in  paragraph  715-20-50-3,  which  state  that  the
following  information  for  defined  benefit  pension  plans  should  be  disclosed:  (1)  the  projected  benefit  obligation  (PBO)
and  fair  value  of  plan  assets  for  plans  with  PBOs  in  excess  of  plan  assets;  and  (2)  the  accumulated  benefit  obligation
(ABO)  and  fair  value  of  plan  assets  for  plans  with  ABOs  in  excess  of  plan  assets.  The  amendments  in  this  ASU  are
effective  for  the  Company  for  the  fiscal  year  beginning  July  1,  2021.  Early  adoption  is  permitted  for  all  entities.  The
adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial
position.

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In  April  2019,  the  FASB  issued  an  Update  (ASU  2019-04),  Codification  Improvements  to  Topic  326,  Financial
Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments.

The amendments to Topic 326 and other Topics in this Update include items related to the amendments in Update 2016-13
discussed  at  the  June  2018  and  November  2018  Credit  Losses  TRG  meetings.  The  amendments  clarify  or  address
stakeholders’ specific issues about certain aspects of the amendments in Update 2016-13 on a number of different topics,
including the following:  

Transfers between Classifications or Categories for Loans and Debt Securities

● Accrued Interest
●
● Recoveries
● Consideration of Prepayments in Determining the Effective Interest Rate
● Consideration of Estimated Costs to Sell When Foreclosure Is Probable
● Vintage Disclosures— Line-of-Credit Arrangements Converted to Term Loans
● Contractual Extensions and Renewals

In  December  2019,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2019-12,  Income  Taxes  Topic  740.    This  update  simplifies  and  improves
accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the general rules and clarifying or amending other current
guidance.  The  scope  of  FASB  ASC  Subtopic  740-10,  Income  Taxes  -Overall,  has  been  amended  to  require  that,  if  a
franchise  (or  similar  tax)  is  partially  based  on  income,  (1)  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  should  be  recognized  and
accounted for pursuant to FASB ASC 740, as should the amount of current tax expense that is based on income, and (2)
any incremental amount incurred should be recorded as a non-income-based tax. Note that under the amended guidance,
the  effect  of  potentially  paying  a  non-income-based  tax  in  future  years  need  not  be  considered  in  evaluating  the
realizability  of  deferred  tax  assets.  The  amendments  in  this  ASU  are  effective  for  the  Company  for  the  fiscal  year
beginning July 1, 2022. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If early adoption is elected,
all of the amended guidance must be adopted in the same period. If early adoption is initially applied in an interim period,
any  adjustments  should  be  reflected  as  of  the  beginning  of  the  annual  period  that  includes  that  interim  period.    The
Company is currently evaluating the potential impact on adoption of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In  March  2020,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2020-04,  Reference  Rate  Reform  (Topic  848).    The  amendments  in  this  update
provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions
affected  by  reference  rate  reform  if  certain  criteria  are  met.  The  amendments  in  this  update  apply  only  to  contracts,
hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued
because of reference rate reform. The amendments (1) apply to contract modifications that replace a reference rate affected
by reference rate reform, (2) provide exceptions to existing guidance related to changes to the critical terms of a hedging
relationship  due  to  reference  rate  reform  (3)  provide  optional  expedients  for  fair  value  hedging  relationships,  cash  flow
hedging  relationships,  and  net  investment  hedging  relationships,  and  (4)  provide  a  onetime  election  to  sell,  transfer,  or
both sell and transfer debt securities classified as held to maturity that reference a rate affected by reference rate reform
and  that  are  classified  as  held  to  maturity  before  January  1,  2020.    The  amendments  for  contract  modifications  can  be
elected to be applied as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12,
2020,  or  prospectively  from  a  date  within  an  interim  period  that  includes  or  is  subsequent  to  March  12,  2020.  The
amendments for existing hedging relationships can be elected to be applied as of the beginning of the interim period that
includes March 12, 2020 and to new eligible hedging relationships entered into after the beginning of the interim period
that includes March 12, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact on adoption of this guidance on
our consolidated financial statements.

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2.        COVID-19

In  early  January  2020,  the  World  Health  Organization  issued  an  alert  that  a  novel  coronavirus  outbreak  was  emanating
from  the  Wuhan  Province  in  China.  Later  in  January,  the  first  death  related  to  the  novel  coronavirus,  identified  as
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”), occurred in the United States. Over the course of the next several weeks, the
outbreak  continued  to  spread  to  various  regions  of  the  World  prompting  the  World  Health  Organization  to  declare
COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020.  In the United States, the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus invoked
various  Federal  and  State,  including  New  York  State,  authorities  to  make  emergency  declarations  and  issue  executive
orders to limit the spread of the disease. Measures included restrictions on international and domestic travel, restrictions on
business  operations,  limitations  on  public  gatherings,  implementation  of  social  distancing  protocols,  school  closings,
orders to shelter in place and mandates to close all non-essential businesses to the public. During the fourth fiscal quarter
of  2020  (the  quarter  ended  June  30,  2020),  some  of  these  restrictions  were  removed  and  some  non-essential  businesses
were allowed to re-open in a limited capacity, adhering to social distancing and disinfection guidelines. However, these
restrictions and other consequences of the pandemic have resulted in significant adverse effects for many different types of
businesses and have resulted in a significant number of layoffs and furloughs of employees in the Company’s market area.
The direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in dramatic reductions in the level of economic
activity  in  the  Company’s  market  area  and  have  severely  hampered  the  ability  for  certain  businesses  and  consumers  to
meet their current repayment obligations.  The Company’s fiscal 2020 results were adversely impacted by the effects of
the pandemic, which contributed to an increase in the provision for loan losses.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), in addition to providing financial assistance to
both  businesses  and  consumers,  creates  a  forbearance  program  for  federally-backed  mortgage  loans,  protects  borrowers
from  negative  credit  reporting  due  to  loan  accommodations  related  to  the  national  emergency,  and  provides  financial
institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to troubled debt restructurings for
a  limited  period  of  time  to  account  for  the  effects  of  COVID-19.  The  Federal  and  New  York  State  banking  regulatory
agencies have likewise issued guidance encouraging financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are, or
may be, unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. That guidance, with
concurrence of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and provisions of the CARES Act allow modifications made on
a  good  faith  basis  in  response  to  COVID-19  to  borrowers  who  were  generally  current  with  their  payments  prior  to  any
relief,  to  not  be  treated  as  troubled  debt  restructurings.  Modifications  may  include  payment  deferrals,  fee  waivers,
extensions  of  repayment  term,  or  other  delays  in  payment.  The  Company  has  worked  with  its  customers  affected  by
COVID-19  and  accommodated  a  significant  amount  of  modifications  across  its  loan  portfolios.  To  the  extent  that  such
modifications meet the criteria previously described, such modifications are not expected to be classified as troubled debt
restructurings.

As  a  result  of  the  spread  of  COVID-19,  economic  uncertainties  have  arisen  which  are  likely  to  negatively  impact  the
Company’s operational and financial performance. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s operational
and  financial  performance  will  depend  on  certain  developments,  including  the  duration  and  spread  of  the  outbreak  and
impact on our customers, employees and vendors, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. At this point, the
extent  to  which  COVID-19  may  impact  our  future  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations  is  uncertain  and  not
currently estimable, however the impact could be material.

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3.        INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Securities available for sale:

U.S. Government and agency obligations
Mortgage-backed securities - residential
Asset-backed securities
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
Municipal obligations

Total available for sale securities

Securities held to maturity:
Municipal obligations
Corporate debt securities

Total held to maturity securities

Equity securities:
Preferred stock
Common stock

Total equity securities

Securities available for sale:

U.S. Government and agency obligations
Mortgage-backed securities - residential
Asset-backed securities
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
Municipal obligations

Total available for sale securities

Securities held to maturity:
Municipal obligations

Equity securities:
Preferred stock
Common stock

Total equity securities

June 30, 2020

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
     Fair Value

$

$

$

$

$

$

 215
$
 —  
 49
 298
 6
 568

$

 (3)
 —  
 (4)
 (44)
 (2)
 (53)

$  61,511
 78
 110
 684
 13,385
$  75,768

 95
 —
 95

$

$

 — $
 —
 — $

 4,917
 2,000
 6,917

 29
 1,204
 1,233

$

 (980)
 (534)
$  (1,514)

$

$

 5,056
 3,477
 8,533

June 30, 2019

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
     Fair Value

$

$

$

$

$

 164
 3
 55
 401
 33
 656

 14

$

$

$

 (3)
 —  
 (2)
 (37)
 —  
 (42)

$  70,867
 112
 128
 889
 14,699
$  86,695

 — $

 3,887

 52
 1,066
 1,118

$  (1,019)
 (255)
$  (1,274)

$

$

 5,040
 3,618
 8,658

Amortized
Cost

$  61,299
 78
 65
 430
 13,381
$  75,253

$

$

$

$

 4,822
 2,000
 6,822

 6,007
 2,807
 8,814

Amortized
Cost

$  70,706
 109
 75
 525
 14,666
$  86,081

$

 3,873

$

$

 6,007
 2,807
 8,814

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The  estimated  fair  value  and  gross  unrealized  losses  aggregated  by  security  category  and  length  of  time  such  securities
have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

Securities available for sale:
U.S. Government and agency obligations
Mortgage-backed securities - residential (1)
Asset-backed securities
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
Municipal obligations

Securities available for sale:
U.S. Government and agency obligations
Mortgage-backed securities - residential (1)
Asset-backed securities
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential

Less than 12 Months

June 30, 2020
12 Months or Longer

Total

Estimated

Unrealized

Estimated

Unrealized

Estimated

Unrealized

     Fair Value      Losses

     Fair Value      Losses

     Fair Value      Losses

$  10,195
 33
 5
 21
 3,609
$  13,863

$

$

 (3)
 —
 (1)
 (1)
 (2)
 (7)

$

$

 — $
 2
 4
 137
 —  
$
 143

 — $  10,195
 35
 —
 9
 (3)
 158
 (43)
 3,609
 —  
$  14,006
 (46)

$

$

 (3)
 —
 (4)
 (44)
 (2)
 (53)

Less than 12 Months

June 30, 2019
12 Months or Longer

Total

Estimated

Unrealized

Estimated

Unrealized

     Fair Value     Losses

     Fair Value     Losses

Estimated
     Fair Value

Unrealized
Losses

$

$  4,969
 1
 —  
 15
$  4,985

$

 (1)
 —  
 —  
 (9)
 (10)

$  7,988
 2
 5
 160
$  8,155

$

$

 (2)
 —  
 (2)
 (28)
 (32)

$  12,957
 3
 5
 175
$  13,140

$

$

 (3)
 —
 (2)
 (37)
 (42)

(1) Unrealized losses on these securities are less than $500.

The  above  tables  represent  securities  at  June  30,  2020  and  2019,  where  the  current  fair  value  is  less  than  the  related
amortized cost. There were 58 and 37 securities with unrealized losses at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Unrealized
losses on debt securities are primarily related to increases in credit spreads since the securities were purchased. Unrealized
losses  on  agency-backed  and  certain  private-label  mortgage-backed  securities,  asset-backed  securities  and  collateralized
mortgage  obligation  securities  are  not  considered  other  than  temporary  based  upon  analysis  completed  by  management
considering credit rating of the instrument, length of time each security has spent in an unrealized loss position and the
strength of the underlying collateral.

During the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, management reviewed all private-label mortgage-backed securities, asset-
backed  securities  and  collateralized  mortgage  obligations  which  were  rated  less  than  investment  grade  for  impairment,
resulting in no additional impairment charges in fiscal 2020 and 2019. In fiscal 2020, 55 securities with an amortized cost
of $0.4 million  and remaining  par value of $1.8 million  were evaluated.  In fiscal  2019, 62 securities  with an amortized
cost of $0.5 million and remaining par value of $2.0 million were evaluated.

The table below presents a rollforward of the credit losses recognized in earnings (dollars in thousands):

Balance, July 1, 2018

Reductions for amounts realized for securities transactions

Balance, June 30, 2019

Reductions for amounts realized for securities transactions

Balance, June 30, 2020

92

    $

 1,506

 (29)

 1,477

 (263)

$

 1,214

 
    
    
    
    
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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The  fair  value  of  debt  securities  and  carrying  amount,  if  different,  by  contractual  maturity  were  as  follows  (dollars  in
thousands). Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

Securities available for sale:
Due in one year or less
Due after one to five years

 Mortgage-backed securities - residential
 Asset-backed securities
 Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential

Securities held to maturity:
Due in one year or less
Due after one to five years
Due after five to ten years

Securities available for sale:
Due in one year or less
Due after one to five years

 Mortgage-backed securities - residential
 Asset-backed securities
 Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential

Securities held to maturity:
Due in one year or less
Due after one to five years
Due after five to ten years

June 30, 2020

  Amortized   Estimated
     Fair Value

Cost

$  56,397
 18,283
 78
 65
 430
$  75,253

$  56,613
 18,283
 78
 110
 684
$  75,768

$  3,636
 1,076
 2,110
$  6,822

$  3,731
 1,076
 2,110
$  6,917

June 30, 2019

  Amortized   Estimated
     Fair Value

Cost

$  75,416
 9,956
 109
 75
 525
$  86,081

$  75,593
 9,973
 112
 128
 889
$  86,695

$  3,748

 —  
 125
$  3,873

$  3,762
 —
 125
$  3,887

During the year ended June 30, 2020, the Company received $5.0 million in proceeds from the sale of securities available
for  sale,  realizing  gross  gains  of  $83,000.  During  the  year  ended  June  30,  2020,  the  Company  realized  gross  gains  of
$58,000 from other securities transactions. During the year ended June 30, 2019, there were no sales of securities available
for sale.

During the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no sales of securities held to maturity.

At June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its
agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of our equity. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the carrying value of available for
sale  securities  pledged  to  secure  FHLBNY  advances  and  municipal  deposits  was  $65.0  million  and  $84.9  million,
respectively.

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4.       NET LOANS RECEIVABLE

A summary of net loans receivable is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Commercial:
Real estate
Commercial and industrial
Construction

Total commercial
Residential mortgages
Home equity loans and lines
Consumer

Net deferred loan costs
Allowance for loan losses
Net loans receivable

     June 30, 2020      June 30, 2019

$

 450,452
 237,223
 91,805
 779,480
 279,960
 80,345
 30,860
 1,170,645
 605
 (22,851)
$  1,148,399

$

 414,375
 183,262
 85,274
 682,911
 281,388
 80,258
 21,482
 1,066,039
 2,398
 (14,499)
$  1,053,938

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

For the Year Ended June 30, 2020

Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period
Provisions charged to operations (1)
Loans charged off (1)
Recoveries on loans charged off (1)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period

$

$

Residential
     Commercial      Mortgages
 2,360
 1,143
 (19)
 —  
$

 11,057
 20,611
 (15,805)
 1,707
 17,570

 3,484

     Home Equity      Consumer
 269
 347
 (162)
 40
 494

 813
 489
 —  
 1
 1,303

$

$

$

$

$

Total
 14,499
 22,590
 (15,986)
 1,748
 22,851

$

$

(1) The year ended June 30, 2020 included a provision for loan losses in the amount of $15.8 million related to the charge-off of 

the entire principal balance owed to the Bank related to the Mann Entities commercial loan relationships which were 
recognized in the first fiscal quarter of 2020. The year ended June 30, 2020 also included a partial recovery in the amount of 
$1.7 million related to the charge-off of the Mann Entities commercial loan relationships which was recognized in the third 
fiscal quarter of 2020.

For the Year Ended June 30, 2019

Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period
Provisions charged to operations
Loans charged off
Recoveries on loans charged off
Allowance for loan losses at end of period

$

$

Residential
     Commercial      Mortgages
 2,166
 279
 (85)
 —  
$

 10,414
 1,729
 (1,086)

 —  
$

 11,057

 2,360

     Home Equity      Consumer
 160
 252
 (179)
 36
 269

 770
 90
 (47)
 —  
$
 813

$

$

$

Total
 13,510
 2,350
 (1,397)
 36
 14,499

$

$

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$

$

$

$

$

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The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio
segment and based on impairment method (dollars in thousands):

Residential

June 30, 2020

     Commercial      Mortgages      Home Equity      Consumer     

Total

Allowance for loan losses:

Related to loans individually evaluated for
impairment
Related to loans collectively evaluated for
impairment

Ending balance

Loans:

Individually evaluated for impairment
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

Ending balance

$

$

 929

 16,641
 17,570

$

 8,407
 771,073
$  779,480

 — $

 — $

 — $

 929

 3,484
 3,484

$

 1,303
 1,303

$

 494
 494

$

 21,922
 22,851

 — $

 — $

 — $

 279,960
$  279,960

 80,345
 80,345

$

 30,860
 30,860

$

 8,407
 1,162,238
$  1,170,645

Residential

June 30, 2019

     Commercial      Mortgages      Home Equity     Consumer     

Total

Allowance for loan losses:

Related to loans individually evaluated for
impairment
Related to loans collectively evaluated for
impairment

Ending balance

Loans:

Individually evaluated for impairment
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

Ending balance

$

$

 426

 10,631
 11,057

$

 8,067
 674,844
$  682,911

 — $

 — $

 — $

 426

 2,360
 2,360

$

 813
 813

$

 269
 269

$

 14,073
 14,499

 — $

 — $

 — $

 281,388
$  281,388

$

 80,258
 80,258

 21,482
 21,482

$

 8,067
 1,057,972
$  1,066,039

The following table presents information related to impaired loans by class (dollars in thousands):

June 30, 2020

For the Year Ended
June 30, 2020

Unpaid  

  Allowance for 

Average

  Principal   Recorded   Loan Losses   Recorded  
     Balance      Investment     Allocated      Investment     Recognized

Interest
Income

With no related allowance recorded:

Commercial:
Real estate
Commercial and industrial
Construction
Subtotal

With an allowance recorded:

Commercial:
Real estate
Commercial and industrial

Subtotal
Total

$  5,417
 46
 1,319
 6,782

$  5,342
 42
 1,319
 6,703

 233
 1,494
 1,727
$  8,509

 221
 1,483
 1,704
$  8,407

$

$

 — $  5,203
 46
 —  
 1,320
 —  
 6,569
 —  

 25
 904
 929
 929

 234
 1,513
 1,747
$  8,316

$

$

 265
 —
 —
 265

 —
 88
 88
 353

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With no related allowance recorded:

Commercial:
Real estate
Commercial and industrial
Construction
Subtotal

With an allowance recorded:

Commercial:
Real estate
Commercial and industrial

Subtotal
Total

June 30, 2019

For the Year Ended
June 30, 2019

Unpaid  

  Allowance for 

Average

  Principal   Recorded   Loan Losses   Recorded  
     Balance      Investment     Allocated      Investment     Recognized

Interest
Income

$

$  5,593
 59
 1,377
 7,029

$  5,376
 48
 1,377
 6,801

$

 — $  5,608
 59
 —  
 1,106
 —  
 6,773
 —  

 —  

 —  

 1,266
 1,266
$  8,295

 1,266
 1,266
$  8,067

$

 —  

 —  
 426
 426
 426

 1,293
 1,293
$  8,066

$

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 95
 95
 95

Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recognized using the cost recovery method. Interest income on impaired loans that
were on nonaccrual status and cash-basis interest income for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was nominal.

The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and deferred loan fees, net due to immateriality.

At  various  times,  certain  loan  modifications  are  executed  which  are  considered  to  be  troubled  debt  restructurings.
Substantially all of these modifications include one or a combination of the following: extension of the maturity date at a
stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; temporary reduction in the interest
rate;  change  in  scheduled  payment  amount  including  interest  only;  or  extensions  of  additional  credit  for  payment  of
delinquent real estate taxes or other costs.

During  the  year  ended  June  30,  2020,  the  Company  implemented  customer  payment  deferral  programs  to  assist  both
consumer  and  commercial  borrowers  that  may  be  experiencing  financial  hardship  due  to  COVID-19  related  challenges,
whereby  short-term  deferrals  of  payments  (generally  three  to  six  months)  will  be  provided.    Commercial,  residential
mortgage,  home  equity  loans  and  lines,  and  consumer  loans  in  deferment  status  will  continue  to  accrue  interest  on  the
deferred  principal  during  the  deferment  period  unless  otherwise  classified  as  nonaccrual.    Consistent  with  industry
regulatory  guidance,  borrowers  that  were  otherwise  current  on  loan  payments  that  were  granted  COVID-19  related
financial  hardship  payment  deferrals  will  continue  to  be  reported  as  current  loans  throughout  the  agreed  upon  deferral
period  and  therefore,  not  classified  as  troubled-debt  restructured  loans.  Borrowers  that  are  delinquent  in  their  payments
prior to requesting a COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferral will be reviewed on a case by case basis for
troubled debt restructure classification and non-performing loan status. At June 30, 2020, the Company granted payment
deferral  requests  for  consumer  borrowers  related  to  110  loans  representing  $27.4  million  of  the  Company’s  residential
mortgage, home equity loans and lines of credit, and consumer loan balances, and for commercial borrowers related to 144
loans representing $170.3 million of the Company’s commercial loan balances.

During the year ended June 30, 2020, certain loan modifications were executed which were considered to be troubled debt
restructurings.

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The  following  table  summarizes  troubled  debt  restructurings  by  loan  classification  that  occurred  during  the  year  ended
June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Commercial

Number of
Contracts
1

Pre-modification
Outstanding Recorded
Investments

Post-modification
Outstanding Recorded
Investments

$

 2,200

$

 2,200

The modification included an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate
for new debt with similar risk.

There were no loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during the year ended June 30, 2019.

Loans subject to a troubled debt restructuring are evaluated as impaired loans for the purpose of determining the specific
component of allowance for loan losses.

The  following  table  presents  the  recorded  investment  in  nonaccrual  and  loans  past  due  over  90  days  still  on accrual  by
class of loans (dollars in thousands):

June 30, 
2020

June 30, 
2019

     Past Due     
  90 Days
  Still on 
Nonaccrual   Accrual

     Past Due
  90 Days 
  Still on 
Nonaccrual   Accrual

Commercial:
Real estate
Commercial and industrial
Construction

Residential mortgages
Home equity loans and lines
Consumer

$

 3,364
 95
 1,319
 4,807
 1,865
 210
$  11,660

$

 143
 1,455

$

 —  
 —  
 —  
 12
$  1,610

$

 5,618
 42
 1,377
 4,028
 1,497

 —  
$

$  12,562

 58
 —
 —
 —
 41
 19
 118

Nonaccrual  loans  and  loans  past  due  90  days  still  on  accrual  include  both  smaller  balance  homogeneous  loans  that  are
collectively evaluated for impairment and individually evaluated impaired loans.

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in loans by class of loans (dollars in thousands):

30 - 59
Days

60 - 89
Days

90 or more
Days

Total

     Past Due      Past Due      Past Due      Past Due     

Loans Not
Past Due

Total

June 30, 2020

Commercial:
Real estate
Commercial and industrial
Construction

Residential mortgages
Home equity loans and lines
Consumer
Total

$

$

$

 2,270
 1,551
 1,319
 3,505
 1,383
 12
$  10,040

$

 2,504
 1,577
 1,319
 7,443
 3,859
 55
$  16,757

$

 447,948
 235,646
 90,486
 272,517
 76,486
 30,805
$  1,153,888

$

 450,452
 237,223
 91,805
 279,960
 80,345
 30,860
$  1,170,645

$
 23
 —  
 —  

 211
 26
 —  

 2,666
 1,217
 39
 3,945

 1,272
 1,259
 4
 2,772

$

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30 - 59
Days

60 - 89
Days

90 or more
Days

Total

     Past Due      Past Due      Past Due      Past Due     

Loans Not
Past Due

Total

June 30, 2019

Commercial:
Real estate
Commercial and industrial
Construction

Residential mortgages
Home equity loans and lines
Consumer
Total

$

$

 3

$
 —  
 —  
 156
 476
 5
 640

$

 — $
 —  
 —  
 217
 318
 —  
 535

 5,490
 42
 1,377
 2,699
 988
 19
$  10,615

$

 5,493
 42
 1,377
 3,072
 1,782
 24
$  11,790

$

 408,882
 183,220
 83,897
 278,316
 78,476
 21,458
$  1,054,249

$

 414,375
 183,262
 85,274
 281,388
 80,258
 21,482
$  1,066,039

The  Company  categorizes  commercial  loans  into  risk  categories  based  on  relevant  information  about  the  ability  of
borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation,
public  information,  and  current  economic  trends,  among  other  factors.  The  Company  analyzes  commercial  loans
individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close
attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the
loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard –  Loans  classified  as  substandard  are  inadequately  protected  by  the  current  net  worth  and  paying
capacity  of  the  obligor  or  of  the  collateral  pledged,  if  any.  Loans  so  classified  have  a  well-defined  weakness  or
weaknesses  that  jeopardize  the  liquidation  of  the  debt.  They  are  characterized  by  the  distinct  possibility  that  the
institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the
added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts,
conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Commercial loans not meeting the criteria above are considered to be pass rated loans.

The following table presents commercial loans summarized by class of loans and the risk category (dollars in thousands):

Commercial
Real estate
Commercial and industrial
Construction

Commercial
Real estate
Commercial and industrial
Construction

June 30, 2020

Special

Pass

     Mention      Substandard      Doubtful

Total

$  433,948
   222,777
 89,869
$  746,594

$  106
   6,393

$

 —  
$

$  6,499

 16,398
 8,000
 1,936
 26,334

$

$

 — $  450,452
 53    237,223
 —  
 91,805
 53 $  779,480

June 30, 2019

Special

Pass

     Mention      Substandard      Doubtful

Total

$

$  2,440
 226
 —  
$

$  2,666

 5,618
 3,937
 1,377
 10,932

$

$

 — $  414,375
 —    183,262
 —  
 85,274
 — $  682,911

$  406,317
   179,099
 83,897
$  669,313

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The  Company  considers  the  performance  of  the  loan  portfolio  and  its  impact  on  the  allowance  for  loan  losses.  For
residential  and  consumer  loan  classes,  the  Company  also  evaluates  credit  quality  based  on  the  aging  status  of  the  loan,
which was previously presented, and by payment activity.

At June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company had residential real estate loans in process of foreclosure of $2.1 million and
$2.2 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company had pledged $449.5 million and $485.6 million respectively, of residential
mortgage, home equity and commercial loans as collateral for FHLBNY borrowings and stand-by letters of credit.

At June 30, 2020 and 2019, loans to executive officers, directors, or to associates of such persons, as well as activity in
such loans for the years then ended were immaterial as a percentage of total loans receivable.

The Company retains the servicing rights on certain mortgage loans sold, and may release the servicing rights on others.
Total residential mortgage loans serviced by the Company for unrelated third parties were approximately $26.8 and $29.4
million  at  June  30,  2020  and  2019,  respectively.  At  June  30,  2020  and  2019,  the  unamortized  balance  of  mortgage
servicing  rights  on  loans  sold  with  servicing  retained  was  approximately  $231,000  and  $251,000,  respectively.  The
estimated fair value of these mortgage servicing rights was in excess of their carrying value at June 30, 2020 and 2019,
and therefore no valuation reserve was necessary. At June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company held escrow funds in trust on
loans serviced for others of $610,000 and $645,000, respectively.

5.       DERIVATIVES

In the normal course of servicing our commercial customers, the Company acts as an interest rate swap counterparty for
certain  commercial  borrowers.  The  Company  manages  its  exposure  to  such  interest  rate  swaps  by  entering  into
corresponding and offsetting interest rate swaps with third parties that match the terms of the interest rate swap with the
commercial  borrowers.  These  positions  directly  offset  each  other  and  the  Company’s  exposure  is  the  fair  value  of  the
derivatives due to potential changes in credit risk of our commercial borrowers and third parties.

The  notional  amount  of  the  interest  rate  swaps  does  not  represent  amounts  exchanged  by  the  parties.  The  amount
exchanged  is  determined  by  reference  to  the  notional  amount  and  the  other  terms  of  the  individual  interest  rate  swap
agreements. At June 30, 2020, the Company held derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, comprised of back-to-
back interest rate swaps, with a total notional amount of $706.6 million, consisting of $353.3 million of interest rate swaps
with  commercial  borrowers  and  $353.3  million  of  offsetting  interest  rate  swaps  with  third-party  counterparties  on
substantially  the  same  terms.  At  June  30,  2019,  the  Company  held  derivatives  not  designated  as  hedging  instruments,
comprised of back-to-back interest rate swaps, with a total notional amount of $515.4 million, consisting of $257.7 million
of  interest  rate  swaps  with  commercial  borrowers  and  $257.7  million  of  offsetting  interest  rate  swaps  with  third-party
counterparties on substantially the same terms.

The  fair  value  of  derivatives  are  classified  as  a  component  of  other  assets  and  other  liabilities  on  the  consolidated
statement  of  condition.  The  estimated  fair  value  of  derivatives  not  designated  as  hedging  instruments  are  as  follows
(dollars in thousands):

June 30, 2020

Assets
$  42,922

    Derivative      Derivative 
  Liabilities
$  42,922
 —
 (42,922)
 —

 —  
 —  
$

$  42,922

Gross interest rate swaps
Less: master netting arrangements
Less: cash collateral applied
Net amount

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Gross interest rate swaps
Less: master netting arrangements
Less: cash collateral applied
Net amount

June 30, 2019

    Derivative      Derivative 
  Liabilities
$  13,550
 (88)
 (13,318)
 144

Assets
$  13,550
 (88)
 —  
$

$  13,462

Under  terms  of  the  agreements  with  the  third-party  counterparties,  the  Company  provides  cash  collateral  to  the
counterparty  for  the  initial  trade.  Subsequent  to  the  trade,  the  margin  is  exchanged  in  either  direction,  based  upon  the
estimated fair value of the underlying contracts. At June 30, 2020, the Company had deposited $42.9 million as collateral
for  swap  agreements  with  third-party  counterparties.  At  June  30,  2019,  the  Company  had  deposited  $13.3  million  as
collateral for swap agreements with third-party counterparties.

6.       PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Premises and equipment consists of the following (dollars in thousands):

Land
Leaseholds and land improvements
Buildings
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
Construction in progress

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     June 30, 

     June 30, 

$

2020
 6,678
 2,574
 30,103
 15,072
 303
 54,730
 (13,867)
$  40,863

$

2019
 6,678
 2,272
 29,630
 14,252
 1,000
 53,832
 (12,122)
$  41,710

Depreciation and amortization included in occupancy and equipment expense amounted to $2,542,000 and $2,463,000 for
the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

7.       GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 Acquired other intangible assets were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Customer relationship intangibles:

Gross carrying amount
Less: accumulated amortization
Net carrying amount

Core deposit intangibles:
Gross carrying amount
Less: accumulated amortization
Net carrying amount

Total other intangible assets:

Gross carrying amount
Less: accumulated amortization
Net carrying amount

100

     June 30,       June 30, 

2020

2019

$  2,645
 (800)
 1,845

$  2,645
 (493)
 2,152

 562
 (248)
 314

 562
 (191)
 371

 3,207
 (1,048)
$  2,159

 3,207
 (684)
$  2,523

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
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Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Year ending June 30, 
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025

$

 337
 309
 281
 254
 226

Aggregate amortization expense was $364,000 and $351,000 for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

There were no changes in goodwill for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

There were no impairment losses on goodwill or intangible assets for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

8.       DEPOSITS

Deposit account balances are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

Non-interest bearing demand accounts
Interest-bearing accounts:

Interest-bearing demand accounts
Savings accounts
Money market accounts
Time deposits

Total interest bearing accounts
 Total deposits

June 30, 
2020
 437,536

$

June 30, 
2019
 357,523

$

 110,711
 258,581
 343,763
 119,559
 832,614
$  1,270,150

 220,546
 250,856
 371,828
 130,565
 973,795
$  1,331,318

Overdrawn demand deposit balances of $181,000 and $238,000 were reclassified as loan balances as of June 30, 2020 and
2019, respectively.

Time  deposits  outstanding  that  had  balances  of  $250,000  and  over  amounted  to  approximately  $30.0  million  and  $34.5
million at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Scheduled maturities of time deposits for the next five years are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Year ending June 30, 
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025

$  81,836
 17,391
 11,309
 6,109
 2,914
$  119,559

Deposits of related parties amounted to $7.5 million and $6.0 million at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

9.       BORROWINGS

The  Company  has  the  ability  to  borrow  (Non-Repo  Advances)  in  an  amount  up  to  30%  of  its  total  assets  from  the
FHLBNY. All borrowings from the FHLBNY are collateralized by FHLBNY stock, certain qualifying loans, and

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certain  available  for  sale  securities.  In  addition,  overall  credit  exposure,  including  Non-Repo  Advances,  cannot  exceed
50% of total assets. FHLBNY borrowings have prepayment penalties.

At  June  30,  2020,  the  Company  pledged  approximately  $449.5  million  of  residential  mortgage,  home  equity  and
commercial  loans  as  collateral  for  borrowings  and  stand-by  letters  of  credit  at  the  FHLBNY.  At  June  30,  2020,  the
maximum amount of funding available from the FHLBNY was $375.9 million, of which none was utilized for borrowings
and $222.5 million was utilized for irrevocable stand-by letters of credit issued to secure municipal deposits.

At  June  30,  2019,  the  Company  pledged  approximately  $485.6  million  of  residential  mortgage,  home  equity  and
commercial  loans  as  collateral  for  borrowings  and  stand-by  letters  of  credit  at  the  FHLBNY.  At  June  30,  2019,  the
maximum amount of funding available from the FHLBNY was $405.0 million, of which none was utilized for borrowings
and $207.0 million was utilized for irrevocable stand-by letters of credit issued to secure municipal deposits.

In addition, the Company has an unsecured $20.0 million line of credit available with an unrelated financial institution;
there were no draws against the line made during the year ended June 30, 2020.

10.     OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Details About Accumulated Other

Comprehensive Loss Components

Affected Line Item in the Statement

Where Net Income is Presented

Unrealized gains/losses on securities (before tax):
Net gains included in net income
Tax expense

Net of tax

Amortization  of  defined  benefit  plan  items  (before
tax):
Net actuarial loss
Tax benefit

Net of tax

Total reclassification for the period, net of tax

$

$

Year Ended
June 30, 

2020

2019

 138   $
 (36) 
 102  

 6   Net gain on available for sale securities transactions
 (1) 
 5  

Income tax expense

 (1,080) 
 282  
 (798) 
 (696)  $

 (760) 
 198  
 (562) 
 (557) 

Salaries and employee benefits
Income tax expense

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The balances and changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax are as follows
(dollars in thousands):

2020:
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of July l, 2019
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
Reclassification for change in accounting principle (1)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2020

2019:
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of July l, 2018
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of June 30, 2019

For the Year Ended June 30, 

Unrealized
Gains/Losses
on Securities

Defined
Benefit Plans

     Accumulated

Other
Comprehensive
Loss

$

$

 338
 28
 (102)
 116
 380

 410
 (67)
 (5)
 338

 (11,441)
 (7,107)
 798
 —
 (17,750)

 (9,399)
 (2,604)
 562
 (11,441)

$

$

 (11,103)
 (7,079)
 696
 116
 (17,370)

 (8,989)
 (2,671)
 557
 (11,103)

(1) Adoption of ASU 2016-01 – cumulative effect of change in measurement of equity securities.

The amounts of income tax expense (benefit) allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) were as
follows (dollars in thousands):

Unrealized gains/losses on securities:

Unrealized holdings gains (losses) arising during the period
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income

Defined benefit plans:

Change in funded status
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net actuarial loss

For the Year Ended
June 30, 

2020

2019

$

$

 11
 (36)
 (25)

 (2,516)
 282
 (2,234)
 (2,259)

$

$

 (24)
 (1)
 (25)

 (921)
 198
 (723)
 (748)

11.     EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company maintains a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan and a defined benefit post-retirement plan. Plan
assets and obligations that determine the funded status are measured as of the end of the fiscal year.

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Amounts  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  condition  related  to  the  Company’s  plans  are  as  follows  as  of
June 30 (dollars in thousands):

Other liabilities

Unfunded pension liability
Accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes

Pension plan
Post-retirement benefit plan

2020

2019

$

 10,293
 2,204

$

 12,497

$

 17,387
 363

$

$

$

 464
 1,835

 2,299

 11,308
 133

$

 17,750

$

 11,441

Pension Plan
The  Company  maintains  a  noncontributory  defined  benefit  pension  plan  covering  substantially  all  of  its  full-time
employees  hired  before  September  1,  2019.  Through  December  31,  2009,  pensions  were  paid  as  an  annuity  using  a
pension formula of 2.0% of the average of the five highest consecutive years of total compensation over the last ten years
multiplied by credited service up to thirty years. Effective January 1, 2010, the plan was amended and service rendered
thereafter is paid using a pension formula of 1.5%. Amounts contributed to the plan are determined annually on the basis
of  (a)  the  maximum  amount  allowable  under  Internal  Revenue  Service  regulations  and  (b)  the  amount  certified  by  a
consulting  actuary  as  necessary  to  avoid  an  accumulated  funding  deficiency  as  defined  by  the  Employee  Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). The defined benefit pension plan was amended, effective August 31, 2019, to
close  the  plan  to  new  employees  hired  on  or  after  September  1,  2019,  therefore,  no  new  employees  hired  on  or  after
September 1, 2019 would be eligible to participate in the defined benefit pension plan.

The  following  table  sets  forth  information  on  the  Company’s  defined  benefit  pension  plan  as  of  June  30  (dollars  in
thousands):

Change in projected benefit obligation:

Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year

Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial loss
Benefits paid

Projected benefit obligation at end of year

Change in fair value of plan assets:

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

Actual return on plan assets
Expenses
Benefits paid

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

Unfunded status of plan at end of year

104

2020

2019

$

 56,150
 2,252
 1,968
 7,718
 (3,322)

$

 48,137
 1,574
 1,918
 5,976
 (1,455)

 64,766

 56,150

 55,686
 2,206
 (97)
 (3,322)

 50,958
 6,237
 (54)
 (1,455)

 54,473

 55,686

$  (10,293)

$

 (464)

    
    
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Net  periodic  pension  cost  included  in  the  Company’s  consolidated  statements  of  operations  included  the  following
components (dollars in thousands):

Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of net actuarial loss

Net periodic pension cost

For the Year Ended
June 30, 

2020
$  2,252
 1,968
 (3,703)
 1,080
$  1,597

2019
$  1,574
 1,918
 (3,518)
 760
 734

$

Amounts  recognized  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss,  before  tax  effect  consist  of  net  actuarial  losses  of
$23,541,000 and $15,311,000 at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The  estimated  net  actuarial  loss  that  will  be  amortized  from  accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss  into  net  periodic
benefit cost during the year ending June 30, 2021, is $1,732,000.

The  actuarial  assumptions  used  in  determining  the  present  value  of  the  projected  benefit  obligations  and  net  periodic
pension cost as of and for the years ended June 30 were as follows:

Weighted average assumptions – benefit obligations

Discount rate
Annual rate of compensation increase

Weighted average assumptions – net periodic benefit cost

Discount rate
Annual rate of compensation increase
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

2020

2019

 2.87 %  
 3.00 %  

 3.49 %
 3.00 %

 3.49 %  
 3.00 %  
 6.75 %  

 4.12 %
 3.00 %
 7.00 %

For the year ended June 30, 2020, the discount rate assumption has changed to the above median curve. For the year ended
June 30, 2019, the discount rate assumption was the standard discount curve.

Accumulated Benefit Obligation
The accumulated  benefit  obligation  (the  actuarial  present  value of benefits,  vested  and nonvested,  earned by employees
based on current and past compensation levels) for the Company’s defined benefit pension plan totaled $58,143,000 and
$51,034,000 as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Investment Policies and Strategies
Plan assets are invested in various mutual funds and are held in trust by Charles Schwab Corporation. The Employer, as
the Plan Sponsor, determines the appropriate strategic asset allocation versus plan liabilities.

Currently,  the  Plan  asset  allocation  targets  65%  of  assets  to  equity  securities,  and  35%  to  fixed  income  through  a
combination  of  short-term  and  long-term  bond  funds.  The  overall  long-term  investment  objectives  are  to  maintain  plan
assets at a level that will sufficiently cover long-term obligations and to generate a return on plan assets that will meet or
exceed the rate at which long-term obligations will grow. The strategy is designed to provide long-term growth of assets
with the objective of achieving an investment return in excess of the costs of funding active lives, deferred vested, and all
longer-term  obligations.  In  addition,  the  plan’s  assets  are  rebalanced  quarterly  to  the  target  percentages  for  each
investment option no later than the 10th business day following the end of each calendar quarter.

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Determination of Long-Term Rate-of-Return
The long-term rate-of-return-on-assets assumption was set based on historical returns earned by equities and fixed-income
securities,  adjusted  to  reflect  expectations  of  future  returns  as  applied  to  the  plan’s  target  allocation  of  asset  classes.
Equities  and  fixed-income  securities  were  assumed  to  earn  real  rates  of  return  in  the  ranges  of  5-9%  and  1-4%,
respectively. The long-term inflation rate was estimated to be 2.5%.

Contributions
For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, the Company is not required to make a cash contribution to the plan, but may
elect to do so.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments
The benefit payments expected to be paid over the next ten years are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal year ending June 30, 

2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Years 2026 – 2030

$  1,517
 1,563
 1,602
 1,685
 1,800
   11,768

The Company’s pension plan asset allocation at June 30, 2020 and 2019, target allocation for 2020, and expected long-
term rate of return by asset category are as follows:

Asset Category
Equity securities
Fixed income securities

Total

Target
  Allocation 
2020
 65.0 %  
 35.0 %  

Percentage of

Plan Assets at
Year End

2020     
2019     
 62.6 %  
 62.5 %  
 37.4 %  
 37.5 %  
 100.0 %   100.0 %

Weighted-
Average Expected
Long-Term Rate
of Return
5.00 – 9.00 %
1.00 – 4.00 %

Fair Value of Plan Assets
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset in the principal or most advantageous market for the
asset in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of plan asset:

Equity, Debt, Investment Funds and Other Securities
The fair values for securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted
prices  are  not  available,  fair  values  are  calculated  based  on  market  prices  of  similar  securities  (Level  2).  For  securities
where  quoted  prices  or  market  prices  of  similar  securities  are  not  available,  fair  values  are  calculated  using  discounted
cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Discounted cash flows are calculated using spread to swap and LIBOR
curves that are updated to incorporate loss severities, volatility, credit spread and optionality. During times when trading is
more  liquid,  broker  quotes  are  used  (if  available)  to  validate  the  model.  Rating  agency  and  industry  research  reports  as
well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations.

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The fair values of the plan assets at June 30, by asset category, are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Mutual funds

American Funds New World R6
Cohen & Steers Real Estate SECS I
Fidelity Capital & Income Fund
PIMCO Commodities Plus Strat Fd Inst
PIMCO Long Term Credit Bond Inst
PIMCO Low Duration Incm Fd I
Vanguard Developed Mkts Index Inst
Vanguard Growth Index Fund Instl
Vanguard Mid Cap Index Funds Admiral
Vanguard Small Cap I
Vanguard Value Index Instl Shares
Western Asset Core Bd Fd I
Cash

Total plan assets

Mutual funds

American Funds New World R6
Cohen & Steers Real Estate SECS I
Fidelity Capital & Income Fund
PIMCO Commodities Plus Strat Fd Inst
PIMCO Long Term Credit Bond Inst
PIMCO Low Duration Incm Fd I
Vanguard Developed Mkts Index Inst
Vanguard Growth Index Fund Instl
Vanguard Mid Cap Index Funds Admiral
Vanguard Small Cap I
Vanguard Value Index Instl Shares
Western Asset Core Bd Fd I
Cash

Total plan assets

June 30, 2020
Fair Value Measurements

  Carrying  
     Value

Quoted Prices in  
Significant  
Active Markets for  Observable 
Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

$  2,861
 1,625
 2,706
 1,740
 8,247
 2,156
 7,182
 7,862
 3,798
 3,210
 7,322
 5,389
 375
$  54,473

  Carrying  
     Value

$  2,819
 1,614
 2,778
 1,711
 8,417
 2,212
 7,283
 7,736
 3,893
 3,338
 7,787
 5,548
 550
$  55,686

$

$

$

$

 2,861
 1,625
 2,706
 1,740
 8,247
 2,156
 7,182
 7,862
 3,798
 3,210
 7,322
 5,389
 375
 54,473

$

$

 — $
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 — $

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

June 30, 2019
Fair Value Measurements

Quoted Prices in  
Significant  
Active Markets for  Observable 
Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 2,819
 1,614
 2,778
 1,711
 8,417
 2,212
 7,283
 7,736
 3,893
 3,338
 7,787
 5,548
 550
 55,686

$

$

 — $
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 — $

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

There were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Post-Retirement Healthcare Plan
The  Company  offers  a  defined  benefit  post-retirement  plan  which  provides  medical  and  life  insurance  benefits  to
employees meeting certain requirements. Effective October 1, 2006, the plan was amended so that there have been no new
plan  participants  for  medical  benefits.  The  cost  of  post-retirement  plan  benefits  is  recognized  on  an  accrual  basis  as
employees  perform  services.  Active  employees  are  eligible  for  retiree  medical  coverage  upon  reaching  age  sixty  with
twenty-five or more years of service. Employees with a minimum of thirty years of service are eligible for individual and
spousal coverage. Retirees are eligible to participate  in any bank-sponsored health insurance programs. The Company’s
contributions for retiree medical are limited to a monthly premium of $210 for individual

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coverage and $420 for employee and spousal coverage. The Company’s funding policy is to pay insurance premiums as
they come due.

The following table sets forth the plan’s funded status and amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements at June 30 (dollars in thousands):

Change in accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation:

Accumulated benefit obligation at beginning of year

Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial loss
Effect of changes in assumptions
Benefits paid

Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year

Change in plan assets:

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

Actual return on plan assets
Employer contributions
Benefits paid

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

Unfunded status at end of year

$

2020

2019

$

 1,835
 36
 64
 19
 295
 (45)

 1,570
 30
 65
 32
 181
 (43)

 2,204

 1,835

 —  
 —  
 45
 (45)

 —
 —
 43
 (43)

 —  

 —

$

 (2,204)

$

 (1,835)

Net  periodic  post-retirement  benefit  cost  included  in  the  Company’s  consolidated  statements  of  income  included  the
following components (dollars in thousands):

Service cost
Interest cost
Recognized actuarial loss

Net periodic post-retirement benefit cost

For the Year Ended
June 30, 

2020

$

 36
 64
 3
$  103

2019

 30
 65
 —
 95

$

$

Amounts  recognized  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss,  before  tax  effect,  at  June  30,  consist  of  (dollars  in
thousands):

Net actuarial loss

     2020      2019
$  180

$  491

The estimated net actuarial loss for the post-retirement plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive
loss into net periodic benefit costs during the year ending June 30, 2021, is $30,000.

The  discount  rates  used  in  determining  the  accumulated  post-retirement  benefit  obligation  were  2.60%  and  3.45%  at
June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

For  measurement  purposes,  the  medical  care  cost  trend  rate  has  no  effect  on  the  Company’s  cost  since  the  insurance
premiums are a fixed amount (capped). However, increasing or decreasing the benefit cost cap for plan participants could
have a significant impact on the accumulated benefit obligation and employer cost.

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The projected benefit payments under the plan over the next ten years are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal year ending June 30, 

2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Years 2026 – 2030

$

 66
 67
 68
 70
 76
 417

401(k) Plan
The Company maintains a defined contribution 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees meeting certain eligibility
requirements.  Participants  may  contribute  up  to  the  maximum  amount  allowed  under  the  Internal  Revenue  Code.  The
Company  matches  100%  on  the  first  1%  of  employee  contributions  and  50%  on  the  next  5%  after  the  employee  has
completed  one  year  of  service.  The  401(k)  plan  contribution  expense  was  approximately  $459,000  and  $411,000  for
the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Supplemental Retirement and Deferred Compensation Plans
The  Company  had  a  Targeted  Benefit  Supplemental  Retirement  Plan  for  executives.  At  June  30,  2020  and  2019,  the
Company  had  an  accrued  benefit  liability  of  $435,000  and  $488,000,  respectively.  Effective  June  2010,  the  plan  was
terminated and there have been no additional contributions. There were no provisions for the years ended June 30, 2020
and 2019. Changes in the accrued benefit liability equal the changes in the fair values of designated assets, less participant
payments.

The Company has a Deferred Compensation Plan for directors and certain of its officers. Under the plan, participants can
elect to defer all, or portion of their directors fees, or salaries and/or bonuses, and invest those funds in various investment
fund  options.  At  June  30,  2020  and  2019,  the  Company  had  an  accrued  benefit  liability  of  $652,000  and  $658,000,
respectively. Changes in the accrued benefit liability equal the changes in the fair values of the invested assets, additional
deferrals, less participant payments, if any.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan
On July 17, 2019, the Company established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) to provide eligible employees
the  opportunity  to  own  Company  stock.  The  ESOP  is  a  tax-qualified  retirement  plan  for  the  benefit  of  Company
employees.  The  Company  granted  loans  to  the  ESOP  for  the  purchase  of  1,018,325  shares  of  the  Company’s  common
stock at an average price of $13.40 per share. The loan obtained by the ESOP from the Company to purchase the common
stock is payable annually over 20 years at a rate per annum equal to the Prime Rate. Loan payments are principally funded
by cash contributions from the Bank. The loan is secured by the shares purchased, which are held in a suspense account
for allocation among participants as the loan is repaid. The balance of the ESOP loan at June 30, 2020 was $12.9 million.
Contributions are allocated to eligible participants on the basis of compensation, subject to federal tax limits. The number
of shares committed to be released annually is 50,916 through the year 2038. Participants receive the shares at the end of
employment.

Shares held by the ESOP include the following (dollars in thousands):

Allocated
Committed to be allocated
Unallocated
 Total Shares

June 30, 2020

 50,916
 25,458
 941,951
 1,018,325

Total compensation expense recognized in connection with the ESOP for the year ended June 30, 2020 was $995,000.

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12.     INCOME TAXES

The components of income tax (benefit) expense were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Current tax expense
Deferred tax (benefit)

Total income tax (benefit) expense

For the Years Ended
June 30, 

2020

2019

     $

 196      $

 (3,492)
 (3,296)

$

$

 4,893
 (63)
 4,830

Income tax (benefit) expense differs from the amount expected based on the federal income tax statutory rate due to the
following (dollars in thousands):

(Loss) income before tax at the federal tax rate
State expense, net of federal benefit
Federal tax rate change
Tax-exempt income
Bank-owned life insurance
Other, net

Total income tax (benefit) expense

June 30, 

2020

     Amount

$

$

 (2,059) 
 (1,002) 
 —  
 (141) 
 (115) 
 21  
 (3,296) 

Rate
 (21.0)%  $
 (10.2)%   
 — %   
 (1.4)%   
 (1.2)%   
 0.2 %   
 (33.6)%  $

2019

Amount

Rate

 5,008  
 580  
 (580) 
 (164) 
 (25) 
 11  
 4,830  

 21.0 %  
 2.4 %  
 (2.4)%  
 (0.7)%  
 (0.1)%  
 — %  
 20.2 %  

The  tax  effects  that  give  rise  to  significant  portions  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  and  deferred  tax  liabilities  are  presented
below (dollars in thousands):

Deferred tax assets

Allowance for loan losses
OTTI – securities
Post-retirement benefit obligations
Deferred compensation
Unfunded defined benefit and postretirement benefit plan liabilities
Contribution carryforward
Other

Total deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Depreciation
Net deferred loan origination costs
Prepaid pension
Prepaid expenses
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale
Other

Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax asset at end of year

     June 30,       June 30, 

2020

2019

$  6,786
 368
 468
 285
 6,282
 1,295
 263
   15,747

$  4,441
 406
 452
 309
 4,049
 —
 251
 9,908

 (2,451)
 (569)
 (3,643)
 (160)
 (135)
 (448)
 (7,406)
$  8,341

 (2,174)
 (571)
 (4,083)
 (139)
 (120)
 (191)
 (7,278)
$  2,630

Net deferred tax assets are included in other assets in the consolidated statement of condition.

Management determines the need for a deferred tax valuation allowance based upon the realizability of tax benefits from
the  reversal  of  temporary  differences  creating  the  deferred  tax  assets,  as  well  as  the  amount  of  available  open  tax
carrybacks, if any. As of June 30, 2020, and 2019, no valuation allowance was required.

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On  December  22,  2017,  the  Tax  Cuts  and  Jobs  Act  (the  “Tax  Act”)  was  signed  into  law.  The  Tax  Act  reduced  the
corporate federal tax rate from a maximum 35% to a flat 21% rate, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction
in the corporate tax rate under the Tax Act, the Bank revalued its deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017.
The re-measurements  resulted  in a discrete  tax benefit  of $580,000 that  was recognized  during the year  ended June 30,
2019.

For the years ending June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no amounts accrued and/or paid for interest and penalties.

As a thrift institution, the Company is subject to special provisions in the Federal income tax laws regarding its allowable
bad  debt  deduction  and  related  tax  basis  bad  debt  reserves.  Deferred  income  tax  liabilities  are  to  be  recognized  with
respect to any base-year reserves which are to become taxable (or “recaptured”) in the foreseeable future.

Under current income tax laws, the base-year reserves would be subject to recapture if the Company pays a cash dividend
in excess of earnings and profits or liquidates. The Company does not expect to take any actions in the foreseeable future
that would require the recapture of any base-year reserves.

A deferred tax liability has not been recognized with respect to the Federal base-year reserve of $9.3 million at June 30,
2020 and 2019, because the Company does not expect that this amount will become taxable in the foreseeable future. The
unrecognized  deferred  tax  liability  with  respect  to  the  Federal  base-year  reserve  was  $2.4  million  at  June  30,  2020  and
2019. It is more likely than not that this liability will never be incurred because, as noted above, the Company does not
expect to take any action in the future that would result in this liability being incurred.

The  Company  is  subject  to  routine  audits  of  its  tax  returns  by  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  and  New  York  State
Department  of  Taxation  and  Finance.  The  Company  is  no  longer  subject  to  examination  by  either  taxing  authority
for years before calendar 2016.

13.     COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Off-Balance-Sheet Financing and Concentrations of Credit
The  Company  is  a  party  to  certain  financial  instruments  with  off-balance-sheet  risk  to  meet  the  financing  needs  of  its
customers. These financial instruments include the Company’s commitments to extend credit. Those instruments involve,
to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the consolidated statement of condition.
The  contract  amounts  of  those  instruments  reflect  the  extent  of  involvement  the  Company  has  in  particular  classes  of
financial instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the commitments to extend
credit is represented by the contractual notional amounts of those instruments which are presented in the

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tables below (dollars in thousands). The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-
balance-sheet instruments.

June 30, 2020

     Fixed Rate      Variable Rate     

Total

Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk (including unused lines
of credit and unadvanced loan funds):

Commitments to extend credit
Standby letters of credit

$

$

 41,573

$
 —  
$

 41,573

 232,137
 30,654
 262,791

$  273,710
 30,654
$  304,364

June 30, 2019

     Fixed Rate      Variable Rate     

Total

Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk (including unused lines
of credit and unadvanced loan funds):

Commitments to extend credit
Standby letters of credit

$

$

 23,892

$
 —  
$

 23,892

 357,223
 33,385
 390,608

$  381,115
 33,385
$  414,500

Commitments  to  extend  credit  are  agreements  to  lend  to  a  customer  as  long  as  there  is  no  violation  of  any  condition
established  in the  contract.  Commitments  generally  have  fixed expiration  dates or other termination  clauses and require
payment  of  a  fee.  Since  certain  commitments  are  expected  to  expire  without  being  fully  drawn,  the  total  commitment
amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness
on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral, if any, required by the Company for the extension of credit is based on
management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Commitments to extend credit may be written on a fixed rate basis thus exposing the Company to interest rate risk, given
the possibility that market rates may change between commitment and actual extension of credit.

Standby  letters  of  credit  are  conditional  commitments  issued  by  the  Company  to  guarantee  payment  on  behalf  of  a
customer  or  to  guarantee  the  performance  of  a  customer  to  a  third  party.  The  credit  risk  involved  in  issuing  these
instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Since a portion of these instruments
will expire unused, the total  amounts do not necessarily  represent  future cash requirements.  Each customer  is evaluated
individually for creditworthiness under the same underwriting standards used for commitments to extend credit and on-
balance-sheet instruments. Bank policies governing loan collateral apply to standby letters of credit at the time of credit
extension.

Certain residential mortgage loans are written on an adjustable basis and include interest rate caps which limit annual and
lifetime  increases  in  interest  rates.  Generally,  adjustable  rate  mortgages  have  an  annual  rate  increase  cap  of  2%  and
lifetime  rate  increase  cap  of  5%  to  6%  above  the  initial  loan  rate.  These  caps  expose  the  Company  to  interest  rate  risk
should  market  rates  increase  above  these  limits.  At  June  30,  2020,  approximately  $43.8  million  of  adjustable  rate
residential  mortgage  loans  had  interest  rate  caps.  At  June  30,  2019,  approximately  $47.6  million  of  adjustable  rate
residential  mortgage  loans  had  interest  rate  caps.  In  addition,  certain  adjustable  rate  residential  mortgage  loans  have  a
conversion option whereby the borrower may elect to convert the loan to a fixed rate during a designated time period. At
June 30, 2020, approximately $3.5 million of the adjustable rate mortgage loans had conversion options. At June 30, 2019,
approximately $4.3 million of the adjustable rate mortgage loans had conversion options.

The Company periodically sells residential mortgage loans to FNMA and to the State of New York Mortgage Agency. At
June  30,  2020,  the  Company  had  no  loans  held  for  sale.  In  addition,  the  Company  has  no  loan  commitments  with
borrowers  at  June  30,  2020  with  rate  lock  agreements  which  are  intended  to  be  held  for  sale,  if  closed.  The  Company
generally determines whether or not a loan is held for sale at the time that loan commitments are entered into or at the time
a  convertible  adjustable  rate  mortgage  loan  converts  to  a  fixed  interest  rate.  In  order  to  reduce  the  interest  rate  risk
associated  with  the  portfolio  of  loans  held  for  sale,  as  well  as  loan  commitments  with  locked  interest  rates  which  are
intended to be held for sale if closed, the Company enters into agreements to sell

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loans in the secondary market. At June 30, 2020, the Company had no commitments to sell loans to unrelated investors.

Concentrations of Credit
The Company primarily grants loans to customers located in the New York State counties of Albany, Greene, Rensselaer,
Schenectady,  Saratoga,  and  Warren.  Although  the  Company  has  a  diversified  loan  portfolio,  a  substantial  portion  of  its
debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is dependent upon the real estate and construction-related sectors of the economy.

Leases
The Company leases certain branches and equipment under various noncancelable operating leases. The future minimum
payments by year and in the aggregate, under all significant noncancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms
of one year or more, are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Year ending June 30, 
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter

$

 562
 541
 550
 495
 350
 837
$  3,335

Total rent expense was approximately $711,000 and $748,000 for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Legal Proceeding and Other Contingent Liabilities
In the ordinary course of business, the Company and the Bank are involved in a number of legal, regulatory, governmental
and  other  proceedings  or  investigations  concerning  matters  arising  from  the  conduct  of  their  business,  including  the
matters described below. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly where
the  claimants  seek  large  or  indeterminate  damages,  the  Company  generally  cannot  predict  the  eventual  outcome  of  the
pending  matters,  timing  of  the  ultimate  resolution  of  these  matters,  or  eventual  loss,  fines  or  penalties  related  to  each
pending  matter.  In  accordance  with  applicable  accounting  guidance,  the  Company  establishes  an  accrued  liability  when
those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. These estimates are based upon currently
available  information  and  are  subject  to  significant  judgment,  a  variety  of  assumptions  and  known  and  unknown
uncertainties.  The  Company’s  estimates  of  potential  losses  will  change  over  time  and  the  actual  losses  may  vary
significantly, and there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. As a matter develops, management,
in conjunction with any outside counsel handling the matter, evaluate on an ongoing basis whether such matter presents a
loss  contingency  that  is  probable  and  estimable;  or  where  a  loss  is  reasonably  possible,  whether  in  excess  of  a  related
accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability, whether it is possible to estimate a range of possible loss. Once the
loss contingency is deemed to be both probable and estimable, the Company establishes an accrued liability and records a
corresponding  amount  of  expense.  The  Company  continues  to  monitor  the  matter  for  further  developments  that  could
affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established.

Information  is  provided  below  regarding  the  nature  of  the  matters  and  associated  claimed  damages.  The  amount  of
reasonably  possible  losses for  the matters  described  below in  the  “Legal  Proceedings”  cannot  be  estimated  at  this time.
The  Company  and  the  Bank  are  defending  each  of  these  matters  vigorously,  and  the  Company  believes  that  it  and  the
Bank have substantial defenses, including affirmative defenses, counterclaims and cross-claims to the various allegations
that  have  been  asserted.  Based  on  current  knowledge,  other  than  disclosed  below,  the  Company  is  not  a  party  to  any
pending legal or other proceedings that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results
of operations or cash flows. In light of the significant judgment, variety of assumptions and uncertainties involved in these
matters,  some  of  which  are  beyond  the  Company’s  control,  and  the  large  or  indeterminate  damages  sought  in  some  of
these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could

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have an adverse material impact on the Company’s business, prospects, results of operations for any particular reporting
period, or cause significant reputational harm.

Potentially Fraudulent Activity

During the first fiscal quarter of 2020 (the quarter ending September 30, 2019), the Company became aware of potentially
fraudulent activity associated with transactions conducted in the Company’s first fiscal quarter of 2020 by an established
business  customer  of  the  Bank.  The  customer  and  various  affiliated  entities  (collectively,  the  “Mann  Entities”)  had
numerous accounts with the Bank. The transactions in question relate both to deposit and lending activity with the Mann
Entities.

For the fraudulent activity related to the Mann Entities, the Bank’s potential exposure with respect to its deposit activity
was  approximately  $18.5  million.  In  the  first  fiscal  quarter  of  2020,  the  Bank  exercised  its  rights  pursuant  to  state  and
federal law and the relevant account agreements to set off approximately $16.0 million from accounts held by the Mann
Entities at the Bank. The set off was to partially cover overdrafts/negative account balances that primarily resulted from
another bank returning/calling back $15.6 million in checks on August 30, 2019, that the Mann Entities had deposited into
and then withdrawn from their accounts at the Bank the day before. In the first fiscal quarter of 2020, the Bank recognized
a charge to non-interest expense in the amount of $2.5 million based on the net negative deposit balance of the various
Mann Entities’ accounts after the setoffs. No additional charges to non-interest expense were recognized during the year
ended June 30, 2020, related to the transactions with the Mann Entities.

With respect to the Bank’s lending activity with the Mann Entities, its potential exposure was approximately $15.8 million
(which represents the Bank’s participation interest in the approximately $35.8 million commercial loan relationships for
which  the  Bank  is  the  originating  lender).  In  the  first  fiscal  quarter  of  2020,  the  Bank  recognized  a  provision  for  loan
losses in the amount of $15.8 million, related to the charge-off of the entire principal balance owed to the Bank related to
the Mann Entities’ commercial loan relationships. During the third fiscal quarter of 2020, the Bank recognized a partial
recovery  in  the  amount  of  $1.7  million  related  to  the  charge-off  of  the  Mann  Entities’  commercial  loan  relationships,
which was credited to the allowance for loan losses. No additional charges to the provision for loan losses were recognized
during the year ended June 30, 2020, related to the transactions with the Mann Entities.

Several other parties are asserting claims against the Company and the Bank related to the series of transactions between
the Company or the Bank, on the one hand, and the Mann Entities, on the other. The Company and the Bank continue to
investigate these matters and it is possible that the Company and the Bank will be subject to additional liabilities which
may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  or  cash  flows.  The  Company  is
pursuing all available sources of recovery and other means of mitigating the potential loss, and the Company and the Bank
are vigorously defending all claims asserted against them arising out of or otherwise related to the fraudulent activity of
the Mann Entities.

Legal Proceedings

On October 31, 2019, Southwestern Payroll Services, Inc. (“Southwestern”) filed a complaint against the Company and
the  Bank  (“Pioneer  Parties”),  Michael  T.  Mann,  Valuewise  Corporation,  MyPayrollHR,  LLC  and  Cloud  Payroll,  LLC
(collectively, the “Mann Parties”) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The complaint
alleged  that  the  Pioneer  Parties  (i)  wrongfully  converted  certain  funds  belonging  to  Southwestern,  (ii)  engaged  in
fraudulent and wrongful collection and retention of funds belonging to Southwestern, and (iii) committed gross negligence
and that Southwestern is entitled to a constructive trust limiting how the Pioneer Parties distribute the funds in question,
which are about $9.8 million. On November 26, 2019, the Pioneer Parties moved to dismiss Southwestern’s fraud claim,
which also postponed the Pioneer Parties’ deadline to file an answer until 14 days after the court decides the motion to
dismiss. On December 10, 2019, Southwestern filed a response to the Pioneer Parties’ motion to dismiss and an amended
complaint, which rendered the Pioneer Parties’ motion to dismiss moot. The amended complaint named several additional
corporate  entities  affiliated  with  the  Mann  Parties  as  co-defendants  and  asserted  claims  against  the  Pioneer  Parties  for
declaratory judgment, conversion,

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actual and constructive fraud, gross negligence, unjust enrichment and constructive trust, and an accounting. The amended
complaint sought a monetary judgment of at least $9.8 million. Each party has filed numerous motions in the proceedings.
On January 10, 2020, the Pioneer Parties moved again to dismiss Southwestern’s fraud claim in the amended complaint,
which also postponed the Pioneer Parties’ deadline to file an answer to the amended complaint until 14 days after the court
decided the motion to dismiss. On April 16, 2020, the court granted the Pioneer Parties’ motion to dismiss Southwestern’s
fraud claim. On April 30, 2020, Southwestern filed a motion for both leave to file a second amended complaint and for
reconsideration  of the court’s dismissal  of Southwestern’s fraud claim.  On May 1, 2020, the Pioneer Parties filed their
answer to Southwestern’s amended complaint. The Pioneer Parties asserted numerous affirmative defenses, counterclaims
against Southwestern, and cross-claims against certain of the Mann Parties, including for common law fraud under New
York law and violations of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act. The Pioneer Parties contend
that the actions of Southwestern and certain of the Mann Parties resulted in damages of $15.6 million, plus pre-judgment
interest. On July 7, 2020, the court granted Southwestern leave to file a second amended complaint, which Southwestern
filed  on  July  16,  2020.  Southwestern’s  second  amended  complaint  asserted  claims  against  the  Pioneer  Parties  for
declaratory  judgment,  conversion,  actual  and  constructive  fraud,  gross  negligence,  unjust  enrichment  and  constructive
trust, and an accounting – and sought a monetary judgment of at least $9.8 million. On July 30, 2020, the Pioneer Parties
filed  an  amended  answer  to  Southwestern’s  second  amended  complaint,  which  asserted  the  same  affirmative  defenses,
counterclaims, and cross-claims as the Pioneer Parties’ prior answer to Southwestern’s amended complaint.

On December 10, 2019, National Payment Corp. (“NatPay”) filed a motion to intervene as a plaintiff in Southwestern’s
lawsuit against the Pioneer Parties and the Mann Parties as described above. On January 10, 2020, the Pioneer Parties filed
opposition to NatPay’s motion to intervene. On August 4, 2020, the magistrate judge issued a decision recommending that
NatPay  be  allowed  to  intervene.  While  the  district  judge  has  not  yet  adopted  the  magistrate’s  recommended  decision,
NatPay  was  allowed  to  file  its  complaint  in  intervention  on  August  18,  2020.  NatPay’s  complaint  includes  claims  for
declaratory judgment, conversion, fraud, gross negligence, unjust enrichment and constructive trust, and for an accounting
against the Pioneer Parties. The prayer for relief in NatPay’s complaint seeks “compensatory damages in an amount of no
less than $4 million” (the complaint also seeks punitive damages and interest in unspecified amounts). On September 8,
2020, the Pioneer Parties filed their answer and affirmative defenses to NatPay’s complaint.

On January 21, 2020, Cachet Financial Services (“Cachet”), a third-party automated clearing house service provider, filed
for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the Central District of California, Los
Angeles Division. Cachet is currently involved in legal proceedings against certain Mann Parties and other related parties.
The  Bank  is  not  listed  as  a  creditor  in  the  bankruptcy  proceedings.  However,  in  the  filings  with  the  bankruptcy  court,
Cachet asserts that the Bank is holding $7.0 million of its funds.

On February 4, 2020, Berkshire Hills Bancorp Inc.’s wholly owned subsidiary Berkshire Bank (“Berkshire Bank”) filed a
complaint against the Bank in the Supreme Court of the State of New York for Albany County resulting from Berkshire
Bank’s participation interest in the commercial loan relationship to the Mann Entities. The complaint alleges that the Bank
(1)  breached  the  amended  and  restated  loan  participation  agreement  between  the  Bank  and  Berkshire  Bank  dated  as  of
June 27, 2018, (2) breached the amended and restated loan participation agreement between the Bank and Berkshire Bank
dated  as  of  August  12,  2019,  (3)  engaged  in  constructive  fraud,  (4)  engaged  in  fraudulent  inducement,  (5)  engaged  in
fraudulent concealment, and (6) negligently misrepresented certain material information. The complaint seeks to recover
$15.6 million and additional damages. On August 14, 2020, the Bank filed a motion to dismiss five of Berkshire Bank’s
claims.

On  February  4,  2020,  Chemung  Financial  Corporation’s  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Chemung  Canal  Trust  Company
(“Chemung”),  filed  a  complaint  against  the  Bank  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  New  York  for  Albany  County
resulting from Chemung’s participation interest in the commercial loan relationship to the Mann Entities. The complaint
alleges  that  the  Bank  (1)  breached  the  participation  agreement  between  the  Bank  and  Chemung  dated  as  of  August  12,
2019,  (2)  engaged  in  fraudulent  activities,  (3)  engaged  in  constructive  fraud,  and  (4)  negligently  misrepresented  and
omitted certain material information. The complaint seeks to recover $4.2 million and additional damages. On August 14,
2020, the Bank filed a motion to dismiss three of Chemung’s four claims.

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On April 30, 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), with the authorization of a delegate of the Secretary of the
Treasury, filed a civil complaint against the Company and the Bank (and Cloud Payroll, LLC) in the United States District
Court for the Northern District of New York. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the Company and the Bank
wrongfully  seized  approximately  $7.3  million  from  an  account  held  by  Cloud  Payroll  to  apply  towards  debts  allegedly
owed to the Bank by Cloud Payroll and other affiliates of Michael Mann. The complaint alleges that the funds in question
were comprised of payroll taxes and thus subject to a statutory trust under 26 U.S.C. § 7501 that prohibited the Bank from
seizing  those  funds  to  apply  towards  debts  owed  to  the  Bank.  The  complaint  seeks  return  of  any  payroll  taxes,  plus
interest.  The  Bank  and  the  Company  must  answer  or  otherwise  respond  to  the  government’s  complaint  by  October  1,
2020. The complaint relates to the same set of facts described above in “Potentially Fraudulent Activity”, and the alleged
payroll taxes, plus interest, sought in this proceeding may be part of the recovery sought in the Southwestern and NatPay
complaints described above.

On August 31, 2020, AXH Air-Coolers, LLC (“AXH”) filed a complaint against the Company, the Bank, and unnamed
employees of the Pioneer Parties in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The complaint
alleges that the Pioneer Parties (i) wrongfully converted certain tax funds belonging to AXH, (ii) were unjustly enriched
by the wrongful taking of tax funds belonging to AXH, and (iii) were grossly negligent in allowing AXH’s tax funds to be
misappropriated, offset, converted, or stolen. The prayer for relief in AXH’s complaint seeks $336,000, plus penalties and
interest,  attorney’s  fees,  and  punitive  damages.  The  complaint  relates  to  the  same  set  of  facts  as  the  DOJ  complaint  as
described above, and the alleged taxes sought in the DOJ, Southwestern, and NatPay complaints. The Pioneer Parties must
answer or otherwise respond to AXH’s complaint by November 5, 2020.

The  Company  and  the  Bank  have  received  inquiries  and  requests  for  information  from  regulatory  agencies  relating  to
some of the entities and events that are the subjects of certain lawsuits described above. This has resulted in, or may in the
future result in, regulatory agency investigations, litigation, subpoenas, enforcement actions, and related sanctions or costs.
The Company and the Bank continue to cooperate with inquiries and respond to requests as appropriate.

The Company and the Bank continue to investigate these matters and it is possible that the Company and the Bank will be
subject to similar legal, regulatory, governmental or other proceedings and additional liabilities. The ultimate outcome of
any such proceedings, involving the Company, the Bank or the Pioneer Parties, cannot be predicted with any certainty. It
also remains possible that other parties will pursue additional claims against the Bank as a result of the Bank’s dealings
with certain of the Mann Entities or as a result of the actions taken by the Pioneer Parties. The Company’s and the Bank’s
legal fees and expenses related to these actions are significant. In addition, costs associated with potentially prosecuting,
litigating  or  settling  any  litigation,  satisfying  any  adverse  judgments,  if  any,  or  other  proceedings,  could  be  significant.
These costs, settlements, judgments, sanctions or other expenses could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s
financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

14.     FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal
or  most  advantageous  market  for  the  asset  or  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  on  the
measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to
access as of the measurement date.

Level  2: Significant  other  observable  inputs  other  than  Level  1  prices  such  as  quoted  prices  for  similar  assets  or
liabilities;  quoted  prices  in  markets  that  are  not  active;  or  other  inputs  that  are  observable  or  can  be  corroborated  by
observable market data.

Level 3: Significant  unobservable  inputs  that  reflect  a  reporting  entity’s  own  assumptions  about  the  assumptions  that
market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

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The  fair  values  of  securities  are  determined  by  obtaining  quoted  prices  on  nationally  recognized  securities  exchanges
(Level 1 inputs) or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities
without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship
to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).

The fair value of interest rate swaps are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement
date  (Level  2).  The  fair  value  of  derivatives  are  classified  as  a  component  of  other  assets  and  other  liabilities  on  the
consolidated statements of condition.

The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses is generally based on recent real
estate  appraisals.  These  appraisals  may  utilize  a  single  valuation  approach  or  a  combination  of  approaches  including
comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to
adjust  for  differences  between  the  comparable  sales  and  income  data  available.  Such  adjustments  result  in  a  Level  3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as OREO are measured at
fair  value,  less  costs  to  sell.  Fair  values  are  based  on  recent  real  estate  appraisals.  These  appraisals  may  use  a  single
valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are
routinely  made  in  the  appraisal  process  by  the  independent  appraisers  to  adjust  for  differences  between  the  comparable
sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements at
June 30, 2020 Using

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for Observable Unobservable

Significant

Significant
Other

     Fair Value     

Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Inputs
     (Level 2)     

Inputs
(Level 3)

Assets:

Available for sale securities:

U.S. Government and agency obligations
Mortgage-backed securities - residential
Asset-backed securities
Collateralized mortgage obligations – residential
Municipal obligations

Total available for sale securities

Equity securities
Derivative assets

Total

Liabilities:

Derivative liabilities

Total

$  61,511
 78
 110
 684
 13,385
 75,768
 8,533
 42,922
$  127,223

$

 61,511

$
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 — $
 78
 110
 684
 13,385
 14,257
 3,005
 42,922
$  60,184

$

 61,511
 5,528

 —  

$

 67,039

$
$

 — $
 — $

 — $
 — $

 — $
 — $

117

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 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
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Fair Value Measurements at
June 30, 2019 Using

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for Observable Unobservable

Significant

Significant
Other

     Fair Value     

Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Inputs
     (Level 2)     

Inputs
(Level 3)

Assets:

Available for sale securities:

U.S. Government and agency obligations
Mortgage-backed securities - residential
Asset-backed securities
Collateralized mortgage obligations – residential
Municipal obligations

Total available for sale securities

Equity securities
Derivative assets

Total

Liabilities:

Derivative liabilities

Total

$  70,867
 112
 128
 889
 14,699
 86,695
 8,658
 13,462
$  108,815

$
$

 144
 144

$

$

$
$

 70,867

$
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 70,867
 5,588

 —  

 76,455

 — $
 112
 128
 889
 14,699
 15,828
 3,070
 13,462
$  32,360

$

 — $
 — $

 144
 144

$
$

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements Using

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other

Significant

Observable Unobservable

Inputs
(Level 2)

Inputs
(Level 3)

    Fair Value    

$

$

$

$

 775
 260

 840
 158

 — $
 —  

 — $
 —  

 775
 260

 — $
 —  

 — $
 —  

 840
 158

June 30, 2020

Impaired loans:

Commercial loans

OREO

June 30, 2019

Impaired loans:

Commercial loans

OREO

Impaired  loans,  which  are  assets  measured  at  fair  value  on  a  non-recurring  basis,  using  the  fair  value  of  collateral  for
collateral dependent loans, had a carrying amount of $1.7 million with a valuation allowance of $929,000 resulting in an
estimated fair value of $775,000 as of June 30, 2020. Impaired loans, which are assets measured at fair value on a non-
recurring basis, using the fair value of collateral for collateral dependent loans, had a carrying amount of $1.3 million with
a valuation allowance of $426,000 resulting in an estimated fair value of $840,000 as of June 30, 2019.

OREO measured at fair value less costs to sell, had a carrying amount of $260,000 at June 30, 2020. There were write-
downs of $8,000 for the year ended June 30, 2020.

OREO measured at fair value less costs to sell, had a carrying amount of $158,000 at June 30, 2019. There were write-
downs of $17,000 for the year ended June 30, 2019.

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The  carrying  and  estimated  fair  values  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  as  of  June  30  were  as  follows  (dollars  in
thousands):

June 30, 2020

Financial assets

Cash and cash equivalents
Securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
Equity securities
FHLBNY stock
Net loans receivable
Accrued interest receivable
Derivative assets

Financial liabilities

Deposits

     Carrying
Amount

     Estimated     
Fair Value

$

 156,903
 75,768
 6,822
 8,533
 1,010
 1,148,399
 3,467
 42,922

$

 156,903
 75,768
 6,917
 8,533
 1,010
 1,180,002
 3,467
 42,922

Savings, money market, and demand accounts
Time deposits

Mortgagors’ escrow deposits
Due to broker
Accrued interest payable

$  1,150,591
 119,559
 6,044
 7,758
 35

$  1,150,591
 120,921
 6,044
 7,758
 35

$

$

Active Markets

Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant
Other
for Identical Observable Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Inputs
(Level 3)

Assets
(Level 1)

Significant

 156,903 $
 61,511
 —
 5,528
 —
 —
 —
 —

 14,257
 6,917
 3,005
 1,010

 — $

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —  1,180,002
 —
 —

 3,467
 42,922

 — $  1,150,591 $
 —  120,921
 6,044
 —
 —
 7,758
 35
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

Financial assets

Cash and cash equivalents
Securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
Equity securities
FHLBNY stock
Net loans receivable
Accrued interest receivable
Derivative assets

Financial liabilities

Deposits

Carrying
     Amount

Estimated
     Fair Value

$

 230,109
 86,695
 3,873
 8,658
 924
 1,053,938
 4,374
 13,462

$

 230,109
 86,695
 3,887
 8,658
 924
 1,065,328
 4,374
 13,462

June 30, 2019

Active Markets

Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant
Other
for Identical Observable Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Inputs
(Level 3)

Assets
(Level 1)

Significant

$

 230,109 $
 70,867  

 —
 5,588
 —
 —
 —
 —

 15,828
 3,887
 3,070
 924

 — $

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —  1,065,328
 —
 —

 4,374
 13,462

Savings, money market, and demand accounts
Time deposits

Mortgagors’ escrow deposits
Accrued interest payable
Derivative liabilities

$

$  1,200,753
 130,565
 6,044
 17
 144

$  1,200,753
 130,680
 6,044
 17
 144

 — $  1,200,753 $
 —  130,680
 6,044
 —
 17
 —
 144
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

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Short-Term Financial Instruments
The fair value of certain financial instruments are estimated to approximate their carrying amounts because the remaining
term  to  maturity  or  period  to  repricing  of  the  financial  instrument  is  less  than  ninety  days.  Such  financial  instruments
include  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  accrued  interest  receivable  and  payable,  due  to  brokers  and  mortgagor’s  escrow
deposits.

Securities
Fair  values  of  securities  available  for  sale,  securities  held  to  maturity  and  equity  securities  are  determined  as  outlined
earlier in this footnote.

FHLBNY Stock
The fair value of FHLB stock approximates its carrying value due to transferability restrictions.

Loans
Fair  values  are  estimated  for  portfolios  of  loans  with  similar  financial  characteristics.  Loans  are  segregated  by  type,
including residential real estate, commercial real estate, and consumer loans and whether the interest rates are fixed and/or
variable.

The  estimated  fair  values  of  performing  loans  is  calculated  by  discounting  scheduled  cash  flows  through  the  estimated
maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the respective loan
portfolio.

Estimated fair values for nonperforming loans are based on estimated cash flows discounted using a rate commensurate
with  the  credit  risk  involved.  Assumptions  regarding  credit  risk,  cash  flows,  and  discount  rates  are  judgmentally
determined using available market information and specific borrower information.

Derivatives
Fair values of derivative assets and liabilities are determined as outlined earlier in this footnote.

Deposits
The  estimated  fair  value  of  deposits  with  no  stated  maturity,  such  as  savings,  money  market  and  demand  deposits,  is
regarded to be the amount payable on demand. The estimated fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value
of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using market rates for time deposits with similar maturities. The
fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposits
as compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.

Borrowings
The  estimated  fair  value  of  FHLB  advances,  if  any,  is  based  on  the  discounted  value  of  contractual  cash  flows.  The
discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for borrowings with similar remaining maturities.

The fair values of commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, and standby letters of credit are not considered
material.

15.     REGULATORY CAPITAL

The  Bank and  Pioneer  Commercial  Bank  are  subject  to  various  regulatory  capital  requirements  administered  by  federal
banking  agencies.  Failure  to  meet  minimum  capital  requirements  can  initiate  certain  mandatory  and  possibly  additional
discretionary  actions  by  regulators  that,  if  undertaken,  could  have  a  direct  material  effect  on  the  Bank’s  consolidated
financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, banks
must meet specific  capital  guidelines  that involve quantitative  measures  of the bank’s assets, liabilities,  and certain  off-
balance  sheet  items  as  calculated  under  regulatory  accounting  practices.  Capital  amounts  and  classifications  are  also
subject to qualitative judgements by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

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Quantitative  measures  established  by  regulation  to  ensure  capital  adequacy  require  the  Bank  and  Pioneer  Commercial
Bank to maintain  minimum capital  amounts and ratios  (set forth in the table below) of Tier 1 capital (as defined in the
regulations) to average assets (as defined), and common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and total capital (as defined) to risk-weighted
assets (as defined). Basel III transitional rules became effective for the Bank and Pioneer Commercial Bank on January 1,
2015  with  all  of  the  requirements  being  phased  in  over  a  multi-year  schedule,  and  fully  phased  in  by  January  1,  2019.
Under Basel III rules, banks must hold a capital  conservation  buffer above the adequately  capitalized  risk-based  capital
ratios. The required capital conservation buffer is 2.50% for 2020 and 2019.

As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Bank and Pioneer Commercial Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which
they were subject. Further, the most recent FDIC notification categorized the Bank and Pioneer Commercial Bank as well
capitalized institutions under the prompt corrective action regulations. There have been no conditions or events since the
notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s or Pioneer Commercial Bank’s capital classification.

The  actual  capital  amounts  and  ratios  for  the  Bank  and  Pioneer  Commercial  Bank,  are  presented  in  the  following  table
(dollars in thousands):

Pioneer Bank:
As of June 30, 2020

Tier 1 (leverage) capital
Risk-based capital
Common Tier 1
Tier 1
Total

As of June 30, 2019

Tier 1 (leverage) capital
Risk-based capital
Common Tier 1
Tier 1
Total

Pioneer Commercial Bank:
As of June 30, 2020

Tier 1 (leverage) capital
Risk-based capital
Common Tier 1
Tier 1
Total

As of June 30, 2019

Tier 1 (leverage) capital
Risk-based capital
Common Tier 1
Tier 1
Total

To be Well 
Capitalized Under   
Prompt
Corrective Action  
     Amount      Ratio      Amount      Ratio      Amount      Ratio      Amount      Ratio  

For Capital 
Adequacy Purposes 
with Capital Buffer

For Capital 
Adequacy Purposes

Actual

$ 175,424  

 11.53 %  $  60,868  

 4.00 %  

N/A  

N/A

$  76,085  

 5.00 %

$ 175,424  
$ 175,424  
$ 189,835  

 15.33 %  $  51,503  
 15.33 %  $  68,670  
 16.59 %  $  91,561  

 4.50 %  $  80,115  
 6.00 %  $  97,283  
 8.00 %  $  120,173  

 7.00 %  $  74,393  
 8.50 %  $  91,561  
 10.50 %  $ 114,451  

 6.50 %
 8.00 %
 10.00 %

$ 136,879  

 9.99 %  $  54,808  

 4.00 %  

N/A  

N/A

$  68,510  

 5.00 %

$ 136,879  
$ 136,879  
$ 150,776  

 12.58 %  $  48,974  
 12.58 %  $  65,299  
 13.85 %  $  87,066  

 4.50 %  $  76,182  
 6.00 %  $  92,507  
 8.00 %  $  114,274  

 7.00 %  $  70,741  
 8.50 %  $  87,066  
 10.50 %  $ 108,832  

 6.50 %
 8.00 %
 10.00 %

To be Well 
Capitalized Under   
Prompt
Corrective Action  
     Amount      Ratio      Amount      Ratio      Amount      Ratio      Amount      Ratio  

For Capital 
Adequacy Purposes 
with Capital Buffer

For Capital 
Adequacy Purposes

Actual

$ 27,144  

 8.11 %  $  13,388  

 4.00 %  

N/A  

N/A

$  16,736  

 5.00 %

$ 27,144  
$ 27,144  
$ 27,144  

 45.91 %  $
 45.91 %  $
 45.91 %  $

 2,661  
 3,548  
 4,730  

 4.50 %  $  4,139  
 6.00 %  $  5,026  
 8.00 %  $  6,209  

 7.00 %  $  3,843  
 8.50 %  $  4,730  
 10.50 %  $  5,913  

 6.50 %
 8.00 %
 10.00 %

$ 24,502  

 7.64 %  $  12,826  

 4.00 %  

N/A  

N/A

$  16,032  

 5.00 %

$ 24,502  
$ 24,502  
$ 24,502  

 42.25 %  $
 42.25 %  $
 42.25 %  $

 2,610  
 3,480  
 4,639  

 4.50 %  $  4,059  
 6.00 %  $  4,929  
 8.00 %  $  6,089  

 7.00 %  $  3,769  
 8.50 %  $  4,639  
 10.50 %  $  5,799  

 6.50 %
 8.00 %
 10.00 %

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16.     REVENUE RECOGNITION

On  July  1,  2019,  the  Company  adopted  ASU  2014-09  “Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers”  (Topic  606)  and  all
subsequent  ASUs  that  modified  Topic  606.  As  stated  in  Note  1  –  “Adoption  of  Recent  Accounting  Pronouncements,”
results for reporting periods beginning after July 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts were
not  adjusted  and  continue  to  be  reported  in  accordance  with  our  historic  accounting  under  Topic  605.  The  Company
recorded  a  net  increase  to  beginning  retained  earnings  of  $291,000  as  of  July  1,  2019  due  to  the  cumulative  impact  of
adopting Topic 606, primarily driven by the recognition of insurance commission income.

Under  Topic  606,  the  Company  made  any  necessary  revisions  to  its  policies  related  to  the  new  revenue  recognition
guidance. In general, for revenue not associated with financial instruments, guarantees and lease contracts, we apply the
following  steps  when  recognizing  revenue  from  contracts  with  customers:  (i)  identify  the  contract,  (ii)  identify  the
performance  obligations,  (iii)  determine  the  transaction  price,  (iv)  allocate  the  transaction  price  to  the  performance
obligations  and  (v)  recognize  revenue  when  performance  obligation  is  satisfied.  Our  contracts  with  customers  are
generally  short  term  in  nature,  typically  due  within  one  year  or  less  or  cancellable  by  us  or  our  customer  upon  a  short
notice period. Performance obligations for our customer contracts are generally satisfied at a single point in time, typically
when  the  transaction  is  complete.  In  some  cases,  we  act  in  an  agent  capacity,  deriving  revenue  through  assisting  other
entities in transactions with our customers. In such transactions, we recognized revenue and the related costs to provide
our  services  on  a  net  basis  in  our  financial  statements.  These  transactions  primarily  relate  to  insurance  and  brokerage
commissions, and fees derived from our customers' use of various interchange and ATM/debit card networks.

Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In
addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees,
derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest
revenue  streams  such  as  deposit  related  fees,  interchange  fees,  and  insurance  and  wealth  management  services
commissions. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606.

Insurance  Services  Income:  Prior  to  the  adoption  of  Topic  606,  commission  revenue  on  insurance  policies  billed  in
installments were recognized on the latter of the policy effective date or the date that the premium was billed to the client.
As  a  result  of  the  adoption  of  Topic  606,  revenue  associated  with  the  issuance  of  policies  will  be  recognized  upon  the
effective  date of the associated  policy regardless  of the billing method, meaning that commission revenues billed on an
installment basis will be now recognized earlier than they had been previously. Revenue will be accrued based upon the
completion of the performance obligation creating a current asset for the unbilled revenue until such time as an invoice is
generated, typically not to exceed twelve months. The Company does not expect the overall impact of these changes to be
significant,  but  it  will  result  in  slight  variances  from  quarter  to  quarter.  Contingent  commissions  represent  a  form  of
variable consideration associated with the same performance obligation, which is the placement of coverage, for which we
earn core commissions. The Company records a monthly accrual for contingent commissions.

Wealth  Management  Services  Income:  The  Company  earns  fees  from  investment  brokerage  services  provided  to  its
customers by a third-party service provider. The Company receives commissions from the third-party service provider on
a monthly basis based upon customer activity for the respective month. The Company acts as an agent in arranging the
relationship  between  the  customer  and  the  third-party  service  provider.  Investment  brokerage  fees  are  presented  net  of
related costs.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts: The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account
maintenance,  and  overdraft  services.  Transaction-based  fees,  which  included  services  such  as  ATM  use  fees,  and  stop
payment charges, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the
customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are recognized at the time
the maintenance occurs. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on
deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

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Table of Contents

Card Services Fee Income: The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted through the
Mastercard  payment  network.  Interchange  fees  from  cardholder  transactions  represent  a  percentage  of  the  underlying
transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to cardholder.

Other  service  charges  include  revenue  from  processing  wire  transfers,  check  orders,  and  safe  deposit  box  rental.  Wire
transfer fees are charged on per item basis, and are charged at the time of transfer and charged directly to the customer
account. Check order charges are charged to the customer at the time the order is placed directly to the customer account.
 Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The
Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis
consistent with the duration of the performance obligation.

The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the
year ended June 30, 2020.

Non-interest Income
In scope of "ASC" Topic 606:
 Insurance services
 Wealth management services
 Service charges on deposit accounts
 Card services income
 Other
Non-interest income in scope of "ASC" Topic 606

Non-interest income out of scope of "ASC" Topic 606

For the Years Ended June 30, 
2019
2020

(dollars in thousands)

$

$

 3,727
 2,750
 3,095
 2,779
 199
 12,550

 3,132

 3,545
 2,912
 3,351
 2,739
 343
 12,890

 1,517

Total non-interest income

$

 15,682

$

 14,407

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17.     EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share represent income (loss) available to common stockholders divided by the weighted-average
number of common shares outstanding during the year. Unallocated ESOP shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings
per  share  calculations.  There  were  no  potentially  diluted  common  stock  equivalents  as  of  June  30,  2020.  Earnings  per
share data is not applicable for the year ended June 30, 2019 as the Company had no shares outstanding.

For the Year Ended
June 30, 2020

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Net loss applicable to common stock

Average number of common shares
outstanding
Less: Average unallocated ESOP shares
Average number of common shares
outstanding used to calculate basic and
diluted earnings per common share

Loss per common share:
Basic
Diluted

$

$
$

 (6,509)

 25,977,679
 964,227

 25,013,452

 (0.26)
 (0.26)

18.     CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PIONEER BANCORP, INC.

The  following  condensed  financial  statements  summarize  the  financial  position  and  the  results  of  operations  and  cash
flows of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. as of and for the year ended June 30, 2020.

Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Statement of Financial Condition
As of June 30, 2020
(in thousands)

ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents
Investment in subsidiaries
Loan receivable
Other assets
 Total assets

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 Total liabilities
 Total shareholders' equity
 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

124

2020

$

 41,681
 167,506
 12,863
 1,952
$  224,002

$

 36
 223,966
$  224,002

    
Table of Contents

Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Statement of Operations
For the Year Ended June 30, 2020
(in thousands)

INCOME
Interest-earning assets
 Total income

OPERATING EXPENSES:
 Contribution to Pioneer Bank Charitable Foundation
 Other
 Total operating expenses

Loss before tax benefit and equity in undistributed net loss of subsidiaries
 Income tax (benefit)
Loss before equity in undistributed net loss of subsidiaries
Equity in undistributed net loss of subsidiaries
Net loss

Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Statement of Cash Flow
For the Year Ended June 30, 2020
(in thousands)

Cash flow from operating activities:
Net loss

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed loss of subsidiaries
Stock contribution to Pioneer Bank Charitable Foundation
Net increase in other assets
Net increase in other liabilities
 Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flow from investing activities:
Increase in loan receivable
Investment in subsidiary
 Net cash used by investing activities

Cash flow from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock
Other
 Net cash provided by financing activities
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

125

2020

 682
 682

 5,446
 81
 5,527

 (4,845)
 (1,583)
 (3,262)
 (3,247)
 (6,509)

$

$

2020

$

 (6,509)

 3,247
 5,196
 (1,952)
 36
 18

 (12,863)
 (54,500)
 (67,363)

 109,055
 (29)
 109,026
 41,681
 —
 41,681

$

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19.     SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent to the end of the fiscal year, a party filed a complaint against the Company and the Bank.   On August 31,
2020, AXH Air-Coolers, LLC (“AXH”) filed a complaint against the Company, the Bank, and unnamed employees of the
Pioneer Parties in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The complaint alleges that the
Pioneer Parties (i) wrongfully converted certain tax funds belonging to AXH, (ii) were unjustly enriched by the wrongful
taking  of  tax  funds  belonging  to  AXH,  and  (iii)  were  grossly  negligent  in  allowing  AXH’s  tax  funds  to  be
misappropriated, offset, converted, or stolen. The prayer for relief in AXH’s complaint seeks $336,000, plus penalties and
interest, attorney’s fees, and punitive damages. See “Note 13 – Commitments and Contingent Liabilities”  for additional
information regarding legal proceedings.

ITEM 9.

Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

ITEM 9A.

Controls and Procedures

(a) Under  the  supervision  and  with  the  participation  of  our  management,  including  our  principal  executive  officer  and
principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this
report. Based upon that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of
the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b)

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management  of  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over

financial reporting.

Management evaluates the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and tests for reliability of recorded
financial information through a program of ongoing internal audits. Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed,
has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error
or  fraud  may  occur  and  not  be  detected.  Also,  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  internal  control  effectiveness  may  vary  over
time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial
statement preparation.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with
accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America.  The  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial
reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately
and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  Company;  (ii)  provide  reasonable  assurance  that
transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles
generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material
effect on the financial statements.

Management  assessed  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  June  30,  2020,  as  required  by
Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002,  based  on  the  criteria  for  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting
described  in  the  “2013  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the
Treadway  Commission.”  Based  on  this  assessment,  management  concludes  that,  as  of  June  30,  2020,  the  Company’s  internal
control over financial reporting is effective.

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This  annual  report  does  not  include  an  attestation  report  of  the  Company’s  independent  registered  public  accounting
firm  regarding  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  Management’s  report  was not  subject  to  attestation  by the  Company’s
independent  registered  public  accounting  firm  pursuant  to  rules  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  that  permit  the
Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

/s/ Thomas L. Amell

Thomas L. Amell

/s/Patrick J. Hughes

Patrick J. Hughes

President and Chief Executive Officer

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(c)  There  were  no  changes  made  in  our  internal  controls  during  the  quarter  ended  June  30,  2020  that  have  materially

affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.

Other Information

None.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  has  adopted  a  Code  of  Ethics  that  applies  to  its  principal  executive  officer,  principal  financial
officer and principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the Code is available on
Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.’s  website  at  www.pioneerny.com  under  “Resources  –  Investor  Relations  –  Overview  –  Governance
Documents.”

The information contained under the sections captioned “Proposal I – Election of Directors” in the Company’s definitive
Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of June 30, 2020 (the
“Proxy Statement”) is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information contained under the section captioned “Proposal I – Election of Directors – Executive Compensation”

in the definitive Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

(a)          Securities Authorized for issuance under Stock-Based Compensation Plans

As  of  June  30,  2020,  we  did  not  have  any  compensation  plans  (other  than  our  Employee  Stock  Ownership
Plan) under which equity securities of the Company are authorized for issuance.

(b)          Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference  to  the  section  captioned  “Voting
Securities and Principal Holders” in the Proxy Statement.

(c)          Security Ownership of Management

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference  to  the  section  captioned  “Voting
Securities and Principal Holders” in the Proxy Statement.

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(d)          Changes in Control

Management of the Company knows of no arrangements, including any pledge by any person of securities of
the Company, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the registrant.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the sections captioned “Proposal I –
Election of Directors – Transactions with Certain Related Persons,” “– Board Independence” and “– Meetings and Committees of
the Board of Directors” of the Proxy Statement.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference  to  the  section  captioned  “Proposal  II  –

Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” of the Proxy Statement.

ITEM 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)(1)     Financial Statements

PART IV

The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(A)   Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(B)   Consolidated Statements of Condition - at June 30, 2020 and 2019
(C)   Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(D)   Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(E)   Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and Net Worth - Years ended June 30, 2020 and

2019

(F)   Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(G)   Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(a)(2)     Financial Statement Schedules

None.

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(a)(3)     Exhibits (* documents filed or furnished with this report)

3.1

3.2

4.6

4.1

10.1

10.2

Articles of Incorporation of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement
on Form S-1 of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-230208), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on March 12, 2019)
Bylaws of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of
Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-230208), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12,
2019)
Form of Common Stock Certificate of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to the Registration
Statement on Form S-1 of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-230208), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on March 12, 2019)
Description of Registrant’s Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of
Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 001-38991) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 10, 2019)
Employment Agreement by and between Pioneer Bank and Thomas L. Amell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1
to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 001-38991) filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on July 17, 2019)+
Change in Control Agreement by and between Pioneer Bank and Frank C. Sarratori (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 001-38991) filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on July 17, 2019)+
Change in Control Agreement by and between Pioneer Bank and Jesse Tomczak (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 001-38991) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on July 17, 2019)+
Change in Control Agreement by and between Pioneer Bank and Patrick J. Hughes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 001-38991) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on July 17, 2019)+
Pioneer Bank Targeted Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement on Form
S-1 of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-230208), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
March 12, 2019)+
Pioneer Bank Board of Trustees and Executive Employees Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-230208), initially filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2019)+
Purchase Agreement by and between Pioneer Savings Bank and Homestead Funding Corp. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-230208), initially filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2019)
Subsidiaries of Registrant
21*
23.1* Consent of Bonadio & Co., LLP
31.1* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,

10.3

10.4

10.6

10.5

10.7

as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2* Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,

32*

101*

as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated
Statements of Condition, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive
Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and Net Worth, (v) Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

+

Indicates management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement of the Company.

ITEM 16.

Form 10-K Summary

Not applicable

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Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  Section  13  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  the  Registrant  has  duly

caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

Date: September 28, 2020

By:

PIONEER BANCORP, INC.
/s/ Thomas L. Amell
Thomas L. Amell
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Duly Authorized Representative)

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Securities  Exchange  of  1934,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by the  following

persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signatures

Title

Date

/s/ Thomas L. Amell
Thomas L. Amell

/s/ Patrick J. Hughes
Patrick J. Hughes

/s/ Madeline Taylor
Madeline Taylor

/s/ Eileen Bagnoli
Eileen Bagnoli

/s/ Donald E. Fane
Donald E. Fane

/s/ Shaun Mahoney
Shaun Mahoney

/s/ Dr. James K. Reed
Dr. James K. Reed

/s/ Edward Reinfurt
Edward Reinfurt

President, Chief Executive Officer
and Director (Principal Executive
Officer)
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
Chairman of the Board

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

130

September 28, 2020

September 28, 2020

September 28, 2020

September 28, 2020

September 28, 2020

September 28, 2020

September 28, 2020

September 28, 2020

    
    
 
 
SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

Percent Ownership

State of Incorporation

EXHIBIT 21

100%

100%

100%

100%

New York

New York

New York

New York

Name

Pioneer Bank

Pioneer Commercial Bank*

Anchor Agency, Inc.*

Pioneer Financial Services, Inc.*

*    Subsidiary of Pioneer Bank

    
    
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We  hereby  consent  to  the  incorporation  by  reference  in  Registration  Statement  No.  (No.  333-233431)  on  Form  S-8  of  our  report  dated
September 28, 2020, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. relating to the consolidated financial statements
for the two years ended June 30, 2020.

Exhibit 23.1

/s/ Bonadio & Co., LLP
Syracuse, New York
September 28, 2020

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Thomas L. Amell, certify that:

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and I are responsible  for establishing  and maintaining  disclosure  controls  and
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)

b)

c)

d)

Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to
us by others within the entity, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting
to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial
reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally
accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred
during  the  registrant’s  most  recent  fiscal  quarter  that  has  materially  affected,  or  is  reasonably  likely  to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  have  disclosed,  based  on  our  most  recent  evaluation  of  internal  control
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:

a)

b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize
and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role
in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: September 28, 2020

/s/ Thomas L. Amell
Thomas L. Amell
President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Patrick J. Hughes, certify that:

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Pioneer Bancorp, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and I are responsible  for establishing  and maintaining  disclosure  controls  and
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)

b)

c)

d)

Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to
us by others within the entity, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting
to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial
reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally
accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred
during  the  registrant’s  most  recent  fiscal  quarter  that  has  materially  affected,  or  is  reasonably  likely  to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  have  disclosed,  based  on  our  most  recent  evaluation  of  internal  control
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:

a)

b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize
and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role
in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: September 28, 2020

/s/ Patrick J. Hughes
Patrick J. Hughes
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32

Thomas  L.  Amell,  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.,  (the  “Company”)  and  Patrick  J.  Hughes,
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify in his capacity as an officer of the Company
that they have reviewed the annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020 (the “Report”) and that to the best of
their knowledge:

1.

2.

the Report fully complies with the requirements of Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934; and

the  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  condition  and
results of operations of the Company.

ec
Date: September 28, 2020

Date: September 28, 2020

/s/ Thomas L. Amell
Thomas L. Amell
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Patrick J. Hughes
Patrick J. Hughes
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

The purpose of this statement is solely to comply with Title 18, Chapter 63, Section 1350 of the United States Code, as amended
by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

A  signed  original  of  this  written  statement  required  by  Section  906  has  been  provided  to  Pioneer  Bancorp,  Inc.  and  will  be
retained by Pioneer Bancorp, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.